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ߣڷө



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ʬ뱦

       дƪһżȻ£ˡҺͽʬиԼᡷϲһֱ׷űдĿֱȲơֱǱаĶԵ 
ϲ񻰾өʹӴꯣ 
Ϳʼϵһ֡ 
Ĺ̫пֳܻĲ 
һ ת 
ڶ Ȫ 
 ֮ 
Ҳ϶ĳһìܡʵȻ϶жһȱˣнʬеݶͬ϶Ϊʲôг֣ʲôɫΪʲôʬеɶǽʬ̹ʲôıһطʬеͥкιϵкζԹ 
תΪǵ꯽ݣָǵ׷ǧ¹⻹Ϧദİ죿 
ֻ֮ʲôǷСתֽԲѹأ 
 
ĽΧϹƣΪһʬĻ档 





       ҲҾ꯵תʵȻ 
粢ûתڵǾꯡԺ󽫻ɵزߴҡ 
ûоͥıʣûбʹࡣԸԴҲҪǽԸӱСҲܿᣬĶ˰һ龰룬ûЩ£ֻһ󣬾дƪġ 
˺ö˵ŰģĺۣϣҸԲΡƽվǲƽģվǻԼĹҸҲб緢֡ 
ϴ˵Щ࣬ĺӹˡΪΣտʼ֣ıɵʼ˵Ĺ켣 
С˵ģֲͬ⾳ںһһµ⾳ȷʵҪǰ죬һЩһЩͻȻûͻȻ˶һеĳ嶯 
Ÿոƿһǣ뵽Լĳң뵽ôҲľʹ˷¡Ǻ˱ʣʼûɫʵͼϼԼ롣 
ĹϲĽɫ֮һǷ룬ôƪĳգĶҲûκμ£ǧǰꯣһƬ䣬Ҳ˪϶ 
ǧʧȥ뷨ꯣҲû̹ǵʹϵˣһݣһš˵һƬ𺣣ůȴʱΪҽ 
ڽʬı£ʵı䡣ָָúȥδӣ»ع仹Ǵűȥ 
죬ԸĴİ顣ûнļˣһڴ֡Ϊ㽲һꯡ 



ޱ˵

       Ϊ˸ٶȣļֱԽдԽáԼȥˣ˷˹˼ľ顣˵еʱֱΪдĶдģҺдٷ򶼲֪Ҫܵȥˡ 
ٶǲɼðȫ޸ǲܵˣûǸʱ䣬ʱҲûǸˡ;Ժдõɣϣ̫á 
Ѷľż⣬ͷԶء 
ģıʣް 
Ժдɣϣܱںõ㡣 
ĵڶƪޱ˵ 
ҲѾʼˣƪһ꣬ͻϴˡһƪԼ˸оҪǿһ㡣Ǻǣ˵һַġ 
ʱλϲ꯵Ѽ֧֣ 




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        ɫ¹⣬Ůȹڿĺϣξʵ 
ںߣһɫӰȻͦš֮γһķ羰ߡ 
Ѿ1300ˣ㵽ΪҸоϢ 
ɫһһԼ 
ԼʱҲϲһеǸˡҲǶһֻǧѾһϰߡϰߵԼҲ 
˵ʱĥһе飬ΪһǧеǸˣûʧǸӵе˿ûȴȴǸӵҡ֪ԼǷܳܵסܳܶá 
Ĩ¹⣬ľҲΪ 
㡱֪ʱһɫӰߡ 
عͷѳܶĵܵܣǧķ꣬Ǹ칬İ˵ܱ˽صӡʵ֪ĵܻܵǵǸ죬Ҫչ˵СֻǶȥԼءֻǰ͸¶ĴҲͬɣǧʱǽܵĸܡԼҲֻǰαװʵʵ˵ǧʹ 
룬Ҳ֪Ľʲôǧ¿ѳɽÿձ޵ĹΡ뵽ĳգɵһʹԼֺγأ뵽ϣһĨЦ 
㣬Ǻοأ֪ôȥִͷһԼ޷ȥ붡㡣ͻȻԼ 
˵ܣ׼ȥ˼һˣȥʣĸ˵һ쿴ԶسȻӦκϢֱ֪ûʧϡһҵһܡ۾¶żᶨĹâԶ 
ɡŽǼᶨ֪˵ٶҲûˡ㣬ƽʱ׺ͣ顣һ˵£ûܸı䡣ǧĽ飬֪˿ҪԼĿ϶衣 
㣬ĵȥɡأ˵ĸһòͷˣ° ¶Ƥض԰գգۡҵˣǵҽŶ 
ðȸѰģҲƬۡ 
ҪɱˣҪɱˡ ŭߵĽ㣬Цܿˡ 
ܿĵܵܣֳ 
ǧǽѧ˻Ѱ 
ֻһ䡰һʹ 
֪ԼǺʱݽȥģһôǧʱҲ޷ 
ǶӣϾɢʱ򡣡 
ֻҪһ۾ǧǰһĻǰ 




һ 

       ٣徲ǣ˯ˣôİôͣ˲ȥ 
ˣˣѾѾɢˡ 
Ͼһ棬˶ˣ綼ˡ 
硱 
ʥĸһҵĿ޺һѼĴ̵ĻصļžҲ˵ϡ 
ضһ㰧˵ɫʡ 
ʥĸһδεεһδεĿ޺İԹҡ 
ֻǹڶߣƵĲҲ֡ 
϶һ׷ѰӰ˿Ҳһ¹⣬ڶϡ۾һʹ࣬ 
һѾˣһѾˣԼȴѾˣԶˡ 
쾲վڱϣűΧŵӣоĺ䣬һֳǵ䡣Ͼһ棬ѾһһԶҲ޷Ķ 
Ͼоһа취ġյһ仰Ǻڰһ⣬ֿϣ 
Ͼ㣬ȾҶɡ ʥĸ͵ӵϾǰеؿ̫Ͼ 
Ͼˡ ϶յĻеؽ۾Ӷƿ̫Ͼ 
⡣ô༱е۹⣬Ͼԥš 
ȾҾ˾ˣˣ㡱ϾǰϾ䡣 
ôһȺˣ֪ԼΨһϣ 
̾һϾ㣬˵ 
ҪҲȫûа취ȲҪż˵ꡣ꯵ѾɢֻϹﱦƲſԽԭ޸ڱѾڡ 
а취ó𣿡㿴һ˫˫Լ۾Сĵš 
УֻҪҸʥͬʱ÷ƴ 
ǣ춯ְʲô㽹Ͼա 
㣬ôôסΪ㳤أ꯵һǰ׷ˡϾɳ嶯ĳһп 
㿴ţڵѾûľ˾ˣ뵽˾˵ĿģԼĲ᲻֪ 
ϾʲôϣעĿ˵ͽܣв̣شϾ 
ڳһʱ䣬ԷѾǰˡҪ500ʱ޸ԭҲ˵500̫Ͼɨһۣ˵ƱԭͶΪһ500޸ѲǱƶԭһ֡ԶҲ޷ȡСѾ뱦ڣСҲһֻ500 
һȹ󣬾ñƾȶһȻ500ٻϣ 
Ѿԭ񣬶Ҳ÷ȴ500Ԫ塣 
㡱ʥĸúö壬ߵԶԶͿվĶӡ 
㲻ǿž˾𣿡㿴ѾһȦĸףһᡣ 
ȮڿšʥĸʹظŶӵͷ 
Ȯˣʲôʱô֪ 
ջģһˣ˾Ͽأ˭ 
500˾˲ǻԺǼ500ܿͻȥġŬ˵ĸףҲ˵Լ 
㣬С 
˾˻ʱСҲģԲǸ𣿡 
㣬ӿˡƴĳ㣬ʥĸһʹӵĿ࣬ӵĵǣֺγֻ֪˭Ҳȥ˵ƣҲȥ롣 
ʥĸˣԶԶȮͽţôĽô 
ôˣôˣʥĸеȮ 
ˣˡ˵꣬Ȯͻں޵ᣬúԼúޣúޡ 
ʲôˣʲô˼һץסѾ޵òȮˣǺǣ۾Ȯ 
ǡǡҡ˵ߣͻȻһ׹۾һһƬڣһعѾˡءҲãҺˣҡ 
ʥĸ㣬ˣԭ񲻼ˡһȮĻ仰ĸһ 
̫ӣʲôʱ£͸ŨŨˣΪʲôһкתʱַ¡ 
͸ղţ˵һ׹⣬ŷöԭľۻ걦ͲˣϾڴȺȥء 
һ׹⣿ ޺޵սȭͷʢɱðҲɵõ 
硣ʥĸҵһ޺ž˹ȥ 
 
ʥĸ 
 
ظ 
ʥĸǴδսѾȥˣ˼ѾָƽظҲָУֻǣǣǴδսԽԽ³Ų˶ˡѵһж⣿ΪʲôҪ·Ϊʲô첻úõĹһΪʲôѾ˼Ƕ㲻 
鴲ϵǣ˵ʹŤšԼ˰˰ٶĺӣһʹ 
ǡǡѵվֻ𣿡ǵһһδǵϡ 
ơ̡𡣡ޡҡҡû¡ҡ 
ҲΪϵᣬҲΪӦ̵ıˡ۾ű˲ѵ̣һذοȥο̣ȴΪֻ̫˯ȥ 
ǡǡģҲġ͵ɣӣԭңûٱˡټһ䡣ᶨرſڡ 
̽طڵϣǱ̵ĺˮǵ֮ģظȻϢ֮ȫʶô綼֪طĴڡ 
ԣʼˡ źˮں˭˵ 
ģˣһɫĹâӹâ߳һӣòʶԴǳ 
ǵģزʼɡ ͷҲûؼǳغˮ 
Ǻðɣշǳղǰ زڵϵǣ¶һ˿ϧ˰ٶǵĳɳһֱҲϲֻվǵûصԼԭĵطԭԼԼʹ 
ǿʼɡ ̽ĿӺˮƿزϡ 
ðɡزֹε³֡ 
زķ£ˮʼһ̹⣬ͬʱǵҲһ̹ͬ⡣ 
̹ԽԽΧҲԽԽشӺһɫɢӣپȻĵƷĿ¡ 
ϵǵ̹ڽӴڰ֮ͻȻɳһͬһһӡͬǣ͸ϡɼһյɫĵƣǵ̹Ҳ 
϶ΪһһǿҵزԶԶˤڵϡҲڵϡָֻƽδʲô 
û°ɣ ز˲òȥߵѪرߣ˫ȴ̿վʱԥȥ 
û£̷ɿزȥߵѪؽӱſڡ 
زεҡҡͷЦšһڵϵǣǵ£ػһɫ飬زС 
鰡飬˰ٶˣڻؼˡ˵ЦŽſڡ 



ڶ waiting bar

       Ӿڴϣڴߣòӵ·Ҫǳߡ 
û𣿡 ز߽һǵ̵ǵʡ 
ûУ˵ö𣿡 ̼ⴲϵӣ֪ԼǷöԣ֪·ŻԼ˵ĹǶԻǴҪ 
ûд˵ƶûд زʹ̵֣ͷԼĻᶨ˵ǵǵĵһ崿˲ȴһôЦǾˡѵĲԼҲ졣 
ҵ̾û壬˰ٶסԭϢѾľټϴʥĸһսѾصֻһ·ˡ 
𣿡Լ֣Լĺۣǧѹǧصʯͷ촭 
ղ˹ʱҷڵķӡѾʼɢˡ ز޵ĵ˵ 
ʲôӡʼɢˣ ʢǣһжܸı 
ģǽһӦùӡ·ãֻʱģԺ¾ֻܿԼˡ ز¥̣ 
ΪֻˣҾԭϢסǰɡ 
̾˿ҲˣǸûȥʱˡ 
ǿʼɡ 
زָֻʵ̣ɵһЦôѾԭء 
زʣ·˰ӵԭ 
ӡðԭϢ 
ʱһһεعȥ 
ڴϵȴûһѵļ 
ôȣ ̽ؿŴϵİӡ 
Ҳһǧûãеİ˰ɡ زҲ֪ô£ֻ˵һԼΪȽϺοѾ̡ 
ǡ ̻˵ʲôȴһסˡ 
ơ̡ 
ǣˣˡ ̿ĵرŰӣҲ̵µ 
ǣ˾ͺá زſĵọ̃οЦˡ 
ز°ݡ˵žҪ´ȴһѰסˡ 
ǣͲضˡ زЦؿŵˡʱֹҪٴ´ǡ 
ǣмҪ֪ҲҪܡ ز΢Цؿǡ 
ز㡣 
زֹҪڵ̣һĵ 
ǺɵؿˣֱһͬСɡ 
þԼ˵žͽӵݵǰ 
ǿžӵĵزֿһ߲˵̣ɻؽӹӡ 
ҡҡ˭ ȵŵز 
ǵãʥĸǴδս𣿡ڼǵĵͷ󣬵زż˵ʥĸǴδսܵĲٻ֮£ҵһ㻹 
ŶԭزĽɵ¶΢ЦӲںԼΣֻҪԼԼѾ㹻 
УѾˣԲܴڵظˡλþͽ壬ظ˼ϵ˰ɡѾ̹ȻǣһοҲҲ̹ͬȻԼһݡزֹ۵š 
ǣлزвᣬǽּ⡣ϾѾǸˣѾļˣֻļֻָúȥδӡ 
ȥwriting barɣŸưɡһëǰġ 
ëǻţСأϲʵôοĻ뵽Щ๲ѣɵü 
ǰһһwriting barġСӣҿԿ϶ûֻģͲ֪ˡ뵽СᣬǸǴųȺŮô˵Ƕһã˵ǲܵġ 
waiting bar 
ɫ޺һһ˸ʾźҹѾ٣ѣҹҲѾ 
һ̾Ϣ 
֪Լĵڼ̾Ҳˡ 
ʥĸǴδսѾˣвսѾ˼һûκšһֱԼǶţԿˣûǸˣҲûǸˡ 
ǻţΪʲôزشnickҲwaiting barˡ 
ͷɥذϵľƱ˵ľưɡԴǰskyˣ͸ģˡѾĿ࣬ǻԸsky̸̸ӵĿˮ֪˭˵֪skyվ뿪Ϊǲһˡǣ߿ʱ򣬲ŷԭ̫Ĳá 
ҲҪ뿪һ뵽ӴС㻹һĺֵܣȻѾûʲôϣˣǲ֪һģǰһ 
ǽƾճˣǿžƱĸɵһЦ 
ںȾưһڿտķ 
һһƬհס 
̧ͷʱһߵӣͣµ 
ˣᣬһСǰľʧһ 
˫ۣգգһۣһ۾ֻһ 
Ұëǡʶ𡱿СĸһʹǰǴ΢Цɫд˾֣ϲ벻Ρ 
ëǣëǣ㣬ëǡ̫ˣڳˡëϡľ뵣һ̵õ˷й 
ëҲֻθţ䲻ôԸֻžŸıʾο 
Ҳǿˣ̧ͷֹͣ˿ 
زȵؿһߵӡ 
ðɡ زŸЦЦ 
زӴ磬С㣬вƴأףλǣ 
ǶţԵԿټ 
һ󼤶ϲòֵᣬ֪ǲģǶšزĻʱɵһʧֻҪ֪ǶţͻټĻᡣԼ 
ǣǰɣڵ֪ǸνİǺ󣬸ɵŴ쾪ȵŸ𰸵ëǡ 
ǣġ زɵֽڵظǵĻظһ顣 
Ŷԭ˼صͷ治ƽΪʲôҸҲҸô˧ġ 
˵ʲôëǺЦĸ 
ûûУû˵ʲôëЦЦۣһżر绤 
ҸˣǾͶౣذɡſǺĸ΢ЦҡҡͷĿת˵ǸˣһоԼȥɡزصĵ̾һ 
ǿչԼ˰ٶĵز̫಻ᡣëǺ͸Ҳֹͣ˴֣ؿŵز 
Ҳٰˣ⼸ΣҵĹˣҸҪȥҪౣءر㣬ǣԺ󲻹ܷʲôҪԼ̫ࡱ˵꣬ؿһۣһʧӰˡ 
ͥ  
ټķӳ˺׼ɫɫķź⣬Ƿʾǵһôįˡ 
һ̫۵ĽһɫӰ¼ŵš 
òеĽһһεĵڽϣһƬõ˻ 
ǵþ˾ʱᣬЦĲáԼҲһɲϲ˾ˣϲо˾˵ĸо 
ֻǺ˾˵һƬġһδ˺Լľ˾ˣûɢ뵽ľǦص޷ɡ 
˵ʱĨȥһУԼԾ˾˵ΣԾ˾˵˼ȴûΪʱŶ֡ 
㣬㡱һɫӰſֱ 
Ͻ뻳Уᣬǰȥ 
۾ôģȮһȦ۾ʵ 
ղű紵ġ˸ȥ 
磿Ȯɻؿ˿Ӱ鷿 
ʲô𣿡 
ȮѾͷĳ㣬һͻȻԼĿġɵļ 
ŵ˵Ϣˣġ 
ģ˾һץסȮ˫磬˫۷żĹâþˣо˾˵Ϣˡ 
ʹ˫磬ѵĳ㣬Ȯ֪һԼҲ޷ȷʵǷ˵ԼŪˣһϲһգǸʱ滳ɳ᲻ɱԼ 
˵ԥȮɵú 
Ȯίؿŭĳ㣬ɵͷ 
ʵҲǺȷֻǵģö֪ǲǻþ ȮŭץץͷĲȷֻԼ̫˼˶Ļþʵĺϣģǻþ˭ܸǲĻþģԸһӲͷ 
˼Զ֪ǲȮĻþҲ˵˾Ѿ뵽ĲɵûԾǾ˾ΪʲôԼأȮ˵˾˵Ϣֲܵޡܰ˾ˡͻȻ뵽ʲôѵѵ뵽㲻ɵô˸ 
ȮɳԼȫû쵽ɫԽԽѿ 
ȥϾʡ㿴һһ˼Ȯһ仰ͼƶȥ 
Ѱҡ 
ңȮãȻ̧ͷԶȥĳ㡣 
ѵѵѵҲǻþˡˡ뵽Ȯᡣһ뵽ղŷģɵһѹ֪˻ڣǱʲôǿοͷأ뵽ϾͿԼˣûɵֳˡ 
ҪǱ֪ôϲᣬ϶Ҫˡ˵ŸϿ콫ɣĵĹͷſڡ 



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       waiting barѲһˣҲʼϰǵ 
һָֻƽwaiting barҲԽԽãҲָԭеĿʡëСãΪõˡ 
һжںתҲøʡ 
˵ľƽ¿ʼתһһյ㡣 
۰ǰҵơڰ̨ϣǡ 
΢ЦŽӵݵǰ 
عһڡǣ㿴Դ֮ǵöˡؼ˵Իǰô֪ĺôֻҪǰһڣͲ¾ưɹˡ 
ûǵķ༥оߵĲѰ̧ͷǡ 
ֻ۾һգգǰ 
ʲ˳ǵĿȥһɫȹɫŲ̊۾ɳˣƽûŮӣֱ·һֱСģλ֪ʲôŮǸ߹ʣ׺͵ϢֻǰͿðˡ 
ʶЩʼɵǡ 
ʶǵ˵ɻǸŮӡΪʲôܾʶȴ벻ļŮӸĸо˵ϤϤҲů 
ˣŮȵʲô߹ȥԹԵȺҲ˼ǷԸ⡣ 
ŸһŮ۷˻ĵУɵúЦ治ôԼ͸һˣѹͷǹĸоҲ˹ȥ 
쿴Լӣûԣһ˫ɫ۾Ӧûϲġžֱһط£ѾˣûһšѵĸоˣѾʧ𣿲ģҡҡͷᶨظԼһţһǡȥ룬Ѿȥˣÿһε˼ֻԼʹࡣ׼ضģѾôˣҲ֪ˡȻÿʮҪһΣ1300һֱల£Ϊʲô˵Ĳ 
̲ס˻Ҫڵĸ 
ŻµǣһĲ治֪һǲģÿ½ʱҪһţһ˻ŹȻ󣬵ȷʵаʮˣ 
ǸͻȻһƬհףҲŽӲһԼ£ֻԼһþֻһΣԼֻ޾¼š 
컺̧ͷѾɺǧһȫӿ˳ҲΪҵزš 
С㣬û°ɣæסվȴôҲվİ죬ǵʡ 
ûĻһȫڸǸϡ1300ˣҵββġ 
ߵӣһһεشڵϡ 
ꯡ 
ǿżѵİ죬סˡΪʲôôģôࣿδʶΪŮȴʶǧꡣΪοᣬԼ˵ܣԴǸоһжˣȴ˵ȻһЩֵĻԺһҪץסȴѾʧֱе㲻Ծȴ벻ﲻԾ 
ǧٸʺһʯԺʹѵ 
һлһϡΪʲôֺϤΪʲôֵʱ񵶸һʹ 
ʹرͷ 
ꯡꯡ 
ǣôˣɫôѿæתȥסʹ಻ǣôҲͬиǧٸʺţΪʲôǺŮҪꯣΪʲôǺʶŮȴֺʶ.һֱǸӡܾͣǵ㺣ϤˡȻܵʮĽʬֱһв򵥡 
ɻؿ򰽺죬Ҳܽ⿪ɻֻΪʲôǻͻȻܣô벻ͨ 
ꯣôˣʯһɫӰߣ˸λ÷סǡ 
ѷǵİ죬ȵŴ졣ֲòҲ֪Ůӿ϶࣬뵽ؿŰ졣ǵѣڵ״ȥðաοëǻû 
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ǱȾǵҲƵ΢ЦͻȻоˣˣݸˡ 
ֻΪʲôܾŮӵЦﻹһ֣ĶͻȻһƬǿ־˫ۣŮչֵĻ 
ͻȻоԼú뺰ȴûܹȥȴôҲˡ 
ͻȻǿաֻϺʮ̫ת 
ϵĲݿʼȼգ漴һʧ 
еĿ־ԽԽŨŨ޷ɣǸоȫʼͻȻñ쳣뺰ȴκֻؿŮӣǿҵ»ɻҽ 
һɲǣֻһ󶴣һŻĳȼѸӿҪʼȼգʹҧأˮһεδӶͷð 
ΪԼҪ˵ʱһֲֻ֪ǵ֣һдǸоʹ˲٣ҪѰʱͻȻſˣʧߡ 
Ǳܵȥ׷ȴ֪ĸֻվ 
ԼԼһŮӵôģôΡ 
˭ΪʲôҪôģǾǹǦ쳣ͻȻԼϣǸģ·ǧꡣ 



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       ҹյĳҲȫȻȥƮ⡣еĵƻͣ˸ʹĳһ̲ͣرյ㡣 
Уɸ߸ߵعţɫɨءڵƻ¹ĻӳԵøٳλá 
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飬̫嶯ˡӰֵؿźӰüĿЩŭ 
飬㣬ɱЩԹ޵ؿź飬ԺּΪ 
𣿡ؿź飬Цš 
㡣飬㲻Ҫ̫ݡԺɫһŭߣ޺޵ؿź顣 
ŷŭĺ飬ֻؿۣ㲻ٿ 
飬㡣ŭؾ֣ȥ 
һһתһɫƮѵסĽ 
ˣ顱һϬĿֹ˺ٴι 
źĿ⣬߷ߵջյؿź顣 
ʲô˵ļƻݺݵؿź飬һһ˵š 
ҡ黹˵ʲôڿԶƮӰ졣 
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ˡ 
ˡ鹧ǰϾǾ֮ɫ 
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ʲôûУŮӿź˵ţȴŲݾܾϡ 
ĹѾwaiting barҡԥؿź鲻֪ôڡ 
Ȼ龭֣Ͼһǧꡣ 
Ĺû뵽ϢôͨʲôŮӸָϵɫָ˵ 
Ĺײģǰ֪鿴Ůӽ͵ 
һΪ˭ҵϢͨءŮӼŪŽָϸЦ 
أŮ̧ɨһսսĺ顣 
ӴŮӵĿ⣬漴ڵأ忪ʼλƽºͣŭȴĺ 
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һ㣬ŵؿŮӣҪվ 
ŮһֱûгŮӣûؿɷɵĺ顣 
ŮӵĻһվ͵͵ز鿴Ůӵɫûʲô쳣һ 
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ڣŸվȽŵĺ飬лһûֹȥ 
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ǰϷҪˣⳡϷ桱޷ 
ţŮ¶Цһתзȥ 
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˿δûжıԼǷ˰ֱ絹µһ̣֪ԭôҪ 
ǰԼ軵Сֻ֪֪ܶ 
ǧ꣬࣬Ҳȥ˼֪ȥϧ 
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ͥ  
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ˣģѾˡûлͷɿԶԾ˾ߺͽԼڻɽԲĸӼҲǰӣȥɽļԽԽ 
Ϊǣǲ뵽˾˻С˼ں޾һɽѹ޷ 
ǣʥĸȮ˵ʲôȴϡ 
Ȯ֪Ҫ˵ʲôĲ࣬ģΪΪ㣬о˾˸СһƽġЩǿǣǣοų쳣Ȯ 
㣬ʼˡȮ뿪֮ʣ߸ѹԶƶ 
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ʥĸؿ˴ȮԽԽꡣ 
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ˣԺٸɣʥĸ룬˵š 
ȥҶɡ˵꣬ƶȥ 
ϣ㲻Ҫʲô¡ȮʥĸԶȥӰ̾ҲƸȥ 



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˫ۣ۵ĵƹʮգһʹϽֱϡҪȴֱץסȥֻſһˡɫķ˿ɢشڴϣӰڵƹԵøˡ 
ǿ˯еİ죬ظһͷĽ𷢣ϲظЦ⡣ 
·ɫͷϣ˿ԵøУ˸ġԵһۼһĸоǰʶЦݣܻеǳرһϰߣϰߵԼҲѿơ 
Ű۱øᣬ˯еĺҲڿɢ 
İһֻ̫ýӽ˶̲ס뿿ø 
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ҲǸоͷϵĴ˫ۡ 
ڿǵЦݺ漴ѣҲһϼε 
ͨ죬쳣̲סĵЦ 
Ц⿴Լǣһ£ĿٵҲӺˡ 
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족Ǻס׼ӳȥİ졣 
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һɫҲ漴İϲʼꯣֻһĹ 
оǵı仯عǵؿǡ 
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ð죬ɫҲʼָ 
ôôңָžëǡ 
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쿴쳣ǣͻȻо֪Լ˵ˣǲܽǸʵ 
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waiting barڵƻͨȴһƬϣؿͬʥĸԼһԼ 
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Ĳ𣿡϶𲻰еá 
ȻģӦԼûһȥ㡣 
õĻ϶ĲЩҲȥܽϾһжԼɵġ 
ðɣã߰ɡ¶ģ϶һ½ȥ 



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ôĸ˵磿ɻʵ 
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Ҳá߸ͷҲֻˡ˵ʵڵңĲ֪ô죬Ҳֻһһˡ 
߳Զĳ㣬߸ҵ˼ƽĽһۣ˽еĺӣǹȥ 
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ιģǡǡѿʧȥǵȮЦɲؽϣһĴӴһ졣֪⹷ôڣԸûȤҲùⱻһ蹷׷ܡ 
ȮһȣȮôԸҲֻͣ£ӵ۵ؿѶ㵽ǱĸＫζ 
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϶㣬ɣǽҲһǧû˰ɡʥĸűŵ϶һʹ겻ԣҲڵĶ϶һĽɾˡ϶ҲòĿ࣬ҲǷֿǧ֮áһǧ޷߹ģÿ뵽޷ԭԼ 
á 
϶ĽлʥĸعЩεؿǵؿԼİ϶ǿؼһ΢Ц 



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ǵͻȻó˼е㰽첻һ漴ָֻƽ߹ȥһǵ¹⣬ȴþòƽ 
ϣҸһǵƽֻǼɵ¡ 
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һʼҡΪʲôǻ˵Ŀ϶Լֵ̫𣬻Լġ 
쾲˼ϸǧѱġҲٿֻǾصȴȴһûĴ𰸡 
ǵģҲϣ쿴˵żᶨȻѾʼˣʲôȥӱܵء 
ΪʲôҪҸ϶ءۿ򰽺죬һһ˵ţĿŲ׾ʹ 
ҡûǻһʣ쵱ᡣ 
ΪһֱҪġǶؿŰ죬Ҫ⼸Ĳȷͳͳ׿Щ鿴Ҫ϶ġ 
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ǡҡҡͷЩЦؿŰ죬֪ʲôԭ˵϶ĸ顣 
ֱԼĶ䣬Ծؿǡ 
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쾪ؿǣЩδȥģҲȥġ 
֪𣬵һۼ㣬Ҿ͸оůġǰԼһŻ˲뿿Ҳָ֪󣬻龰Ƿ񻹻ŵȥ׷Ѱǵ¹⣬ؿ϶ڵĸ飬֪ʲôԼҪġ 
оԼھҵһƬհף֪ȥ˼κȥ 
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߸˳һۣûǰߡ 
߸ҲԾûȤεؼǰߣȴѽ˸顣 
ʲô ߸ͣ½Ųɻؿǰ 
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ǰԶһ̸ͨŵˮʯ飬ԼԼһ˵ӰӣǸŮӡ 
ʲôƯɿܹȥϸضˮʯ飬סطզզĸ̾ 
ס֡һֹȥʯ㡣 
㿴Լڰе֣һɻؿһ侲߸ 
ʯ鲻򵥡߸ߵߣ̧ͷˮʯ飬ȴҲﲻԾ 
򵥣ҿͦƯġ ҿҲʲô⡣ 
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Сꣿ߸ԾؿʯлվŮЩɻ̧ۿ㣬ǣ޷Լˡ 
ŮתɻؿǰѴյˣɵһʧ 
С񡣡㲻֪Լ˿̵飬ֻүͬǧ˼һΣԸԶҪ 
ιʲôųħƣһٵ 
ҡʹؿһؿŮط½ֱڰյ֡ 
ʲôңɫǣŮһ˵ؿʹ˵ĳ㣬ǳģû뵽ȻһȺСɫǣղŻΪǺء 
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Сôˣû°ɣеؿſ˼Ů 
ҲСŮعؿųᶨ˵šͻȻԼǣ˼Ҳ޷յĸо 
С񡱿ŮתҪ뿪Ҳ˲϶룬׷ȥ 
ŮԼĳ㣬ȼŨҵŭɫҲԽԽ䡣 
Ůŭ𣬳εɿ֣ؿŮ 
ܸʲô𣿡رۣٶʱѲ˸ղŵ 
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ҽпġŮؿ˵ķӦĵ 
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ΪʲôǺúõ𣿡ǰ϶ 
ûʲôҹ߷϶ӵؿһۣȻ˵ 
˿ɻ𱸵Ŀ⣬µغŲ衣 
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˾ôףҲ۵׵ĽĬ 
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ҾͲˣӱءǷ²豭΢Цſ϶Ҳʹ벻ᡣ 
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϶㣬Ҹһߡʥĸס̧ȥ϶ 
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ʥĸĻŲ豭һɫҲʼ԰סһֱȮ˵ɫģ́ͷǵؽͷյֱߡ 
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ʥĸɲɫǣ϶ߡ 
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㡣쿴ʥĸȴ֪ôӺ˵ 
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㣬ҡûϵʥĸֱӣһʱҲ֪ô˵ 
һ˵ĶˣʲôҲֹ˵ġʥĸ૵˵˵˵ԼתͷŰ죬Ͽҵ˵ãûֻǲǵǰˣǻ϶㡣ʱ㡣 
شۣĽﲻ֪˶ٱ顣ôôһˣֻҪҸˡ 
֪ģһĵ뿪ػǷҸ 
áʥĸ֪Լ˵ʲôһᣬʹرŰ졣ɵ 
ŶˣҲ¡ãŴʥĸĻ̧ͷĨᣬһ˵ 
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ġ 콫ӦĹʥĸ˵һ顣 
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Ҳûĵؿʥĸֱġ 
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ʥĸʲôˣзش۲͸Ůﲻ֪𣿡ʥĸɻؿŰ죬ʵŪΪʲôؼĲΪʲôͥȴƺ֪顣 
Ҹо󲻼򵥣Ϊʲôͥ᲻֪飬Ϊʲôǽʬ̫ˡоĶЩ 
Ǹô죿ʥĸҲŬķƽʵ 
׼ȥͥһˣڡ 
֪úչҶ磬ȥ顱ʥĸ˵ֻ꣬Ƕ磬Ѿû˿ˣܰȻȷʵܵġ 
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㣬ҲҪģԽ֪ԽáһůֱðֻҪܰȻĶȹΣʲôֵõġ 
ʥĸᶨصͷһĶ־ 
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       ֮ 
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Ѿ˵ʮˣǣЩܲ˵ؿų㣬¾Ŀˡ 
ǡõһεķ񶨣ֻоԼ񱻹ǦԽԽ 
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ԡڲ˵СˣĲɵһˡ 
ģĸĸ˭𣿡 ߸Цţ۾ȴһֱġ 
ǻǲţ漴ʧ˵ 
ĲʲôСҰְǿӣһʦСᡱЩ˵治ΪʲôһҪ˵Сءʲôþϲðˡ 
Ϊʲôﻹʯ ߸ЩŵؿģָЩѳƬʯ˵ 
Һ˭֪һĪʯˡԼ֪ΪʲôҪЩ˽ôࡣ 
棿߸ۿѿ췢ģ΢΢һЦСﻹ۵úܣôͿܲˡ 
㿴ſһģʵв̡ĲС޷ȥ 
߸߸֣Щҡҡͷ 
ģ㣡ǰᶨؿġ 
ģĲ֪ΪʲôõΣԼ˵Ŀġ 
ͷаЦݣɵһμСʱҲ棬Ŀ֡ΪЦ˫Ҳʼǳ 
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㡣 ߸ǰס㣬˵ʲôȴֹ 
ģĵ֣ؿ 
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̫ŸմӶҲһƬϼ֮С 
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ǡ Ȯ˵ʲôȴڰ۹עӲصͷ 
Ҹתȥ 
ĹһҪҵˣ ȮؿŰ죬֪ĹҪһɡ 
عͷȮᶨصͷǿؼһЦݣת첽ſȥ 



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ˣʥĸ϶Ѿ뿪waiting bar΢΢һ˵ 
ŶŮӽӹŮӵݹľƣؾһ˿ζЦ 
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ô˵°ܽˡؿɼѵѪħӰЦ 
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һǿԶԶ˦ǣԼûˡ 
ѪħӰսĺӰʱɵһ㣬ϵЦɢȴûע⵽ѳӰ 



ʮ һ

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һߣӰۿҪƷѪħӰȴڿߵһ㣬漴ͣ֡ 
ӰǷŭһ߱ܽ 
ɱ˵ŵƵøˡ 
Ӱǲϵĵԥš 
죬ߣǳӰ 
ؿǣҡͷ֪ͨĵ˺꯵ģ̲סģ̲סۡ 
ǲߵģǰɣĹ ѪħӰǣߵĸǰ 
㲻ɱ㣿ԼվһѪħӰ˵ 
£Ȼ£㲻 ѪħӰָŶõǣЦ 
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Ĺ֪ʲôͲ˵ˡ ѪħӰЦſŰ죬ȻỹܲƽƽȤֵܶĿ־壬˷ܵһԼҪĵһǶ뵽޷ 
ɫ΢䣬תͷؿѪħӰ 
ɲ֮ɱɱ𣡡 ٳǵ˿еĵиһĨ̵Ц 
ɲֻ֮ͻȻ˭ȥ˺üɫҲʼס 
ĹӦţ˵ǶҲ޷ֵ ѪħӰ¶ݶĹ⣬һؿŰǡ 
ӴѪħӰ¶׹ʱһҪ֤ İȫҲüǿ 
˵˵Ԫ飬ǿԳϡ ˵ѪħӰ￪ʼ̰Ĺ⣬Ҳ˷ܶŤ 
岻ˣؿ̰ѪħӰ嵱ɮҲ֪ô˻Ƶ¡ѪħӰӣԼô˵ǲŵġ 
ǾֻС ѪħӰǿȥٳǵҲеĵеĲӣһһѪ˳ŵ¡ 
Ҫԣ쾪ĿĵѪһݺݵشϣֻҪƽֺη 
ܺãѪħӰ˵ʱҲ΢ƿһ㣬Ѫȴ 
Ҫ죡ǹ˲ϲϴǵʹؽк 
ǵĻ̌ͷһЦ 
ꯣˣû뵽ǵԵ˵ǳһΪ϶ҲףǣֻԸԵ 
ҪӦһ£ĵؽĿջأؿѪħӰ 
ã˵˶ãѪħӰհεصͷӦһҲύԪ顣 
ҪŹꯡļᶨɾܾ 
ãֻҪԪ飬ʲôԴӦ ѪħӰе˵ǰһҲ룬ֻҪõԪ飬ֻ볤ϡ 
ؿһۣ漴˹ƳԪ顣 
ЦһЦֻһƬհףʱʵǰŮӶԭôҪ޷ʧȥԼ 
׼˹İ죬ǽԼĲײȥֵþؽг 
û뵽Ȼ˳鰡 ŰĽѪħӰǲɵһ㣬漴 
һѪħӰЦں䣬ŵصǰֱֱص¡ 
һ뿪ǣͷɿرȥ 
𣿡켤رŻûӦǣΪǽˣãүеġ 
أ΢ЦҡҡͷؿŰ졣 
òʱ򰡡һϷʵ 
밽һͬʱ̧ͷ 
ֻһ޷ݵŮӣվǲԶĵطЦŨؿǣɫװɫ£Եøҫ۶λá 
ǣͷɵʬ壬ԶڵϵѪħӰʵ 
ǲлңֻ·ѡŮӺϲЦӳֵʼչЦݣ̬Ҳ׺ͶԴƤ 
Ƕлľ֮ǰһϿҵؿŮӡ 
ؿŮһ㣬漴Ц 
˿ڻѪɲ֮Ȼ鴫ǲϻʵѪҺŮɫɵһһӣһѪҺʼɺԣ˿Ҳʼϡ 
˭Ҳ֪ɲ֮쾪ؿŮӡ 
˭ҪֻҪǵֺαʵôŮӿ˰һۣ˵ 
ɲ֮û´ĻӦǶ򺣱 
ȷǶ򺣱1000ǰͻȻʧˡ˵ 
һҪˡ˼˺һŮӲŻ̧ͷ 
ǰһסƶȥŮӡ 
ŮţعͷӵؿŰ죬òչ¶һ͵Цݡ 
ҽ飬ϲҲϲӡ˵꣬һЦƶȥ 
ʶǻعͷʵ 
ʶֻǸоһɹȴ˵θַղǸŮӣ첻ɵÿʼüղŲһּκɲ֮ĵˣķټġ 
ǰͻȻ֪˵ʲôΪҪǶΪڱֶ뿪ĺֻһ𡣿һ˫ۣԼʲôҲ˵ֻĿֱԶ 
ȥ𣿡ǵͷ𣬸оôңԶ 
أû̧ͷůĻʵ 
ҲȥԶĵ˵֪ԼѾûзˣʵڲΪԼƽ 
ʲô¶룬ǳΪһû˿ͨҲҪȥػÿһػˣ뵽˺һʹʱϣ˽һ㣬¶ΪԼһ㡣 
Ҹһ𡱰̧ͷᶨǡ 
ؿŰ죬òŵͷ 



ʮ ʯ

       ֮ 
Ҫ֮ģЩŵؿų߸ 
֪طĵĻеЩ⡣ 
ǽȥġЩص˵š 
Ϊʲô㲻Щɻ 
Ŀɽ񸫲𣿡Ŀ˳һۣ˵ 
㾹Ȼ֪ǿɽ񸫣㵽˭ͶЩ߸˿̸Ӿ衣 
ҵȻİȴǽСЩ޹˵ 
Ϊһ޹߸Щߡ֪Ů򵥣һðȻس֮ĵ²˵Լܸоϵһɹħɳȴ 
ҵȻ֪İסһյ߸һ漴΢ЦתһԵġ 
ǳ㣬ϵĸͷȻǿɽˡЩƤر죬ί˵ 
֪ңĽлԼ֣˵ж࿪ġ 
˵ǳġ ߸ؿģߵ 
߸ʵЩΪʲôֵϲô֡ 
㣬Сǿ߰ɡ ߸ʵóûޣֻ뾡Ƿ֮ء 
ҵȻ֪С񡱳Щŭ˦߸ҵС˭Ҳܷ񶨣˵ 
߰ɣҪҡĵɫϣ߸ȴһ顣 
ģҪһ𡱳ĵ˵ 
߸Ժ󣬲ɵε̾ 
֪Щʲôܸ𣿡ؿģʵ 
ǲɼؼϵķɼɵġҪֻһ취Ŀų㣬ҪҪ¡ 
ʲô취ԵЩȲ 
㻹˵ԼǺײģŷ ߸ߵؿġ 
Ҳ֪ʲô˵Ȼ˵滰ˡĿ߸΢΢Щŭ 
Ұְ豻棬ǵģȴôȥѺܾûĸĸϲɵһƬȻ 
ģģǻġģһʹӵģᶨ˵ 
̧ɵ˫ۣصͷ 
ʲô취أӵˣ߸֪Լòȥš 
ԱлعԼڳĻһƬ糺죬æӿ 
ӿģ㲻ɵһʧ䡣 
ֻвڤеʯܴ֮ĵĽ硣˵ 
ڤؼ估֮أҲϹʱĴˮĹϽءڤһֱŲ˼ ߸ӿڵ 
ڤڤ֮ϽеʯػšĲ޳ص̾˿ 
˵ڤ֮ߣƢ죬ͥҲûޡ ߸ 
˵ǵش۵֪ΪԵڤСĽ˵ 
֪ò١ ߸ɵؿġ 
ҪȳҰְ裬ȻҪŪҪԵЩŭؿ߸治ԼˣԼȥ 
߸Щֵؿ߸ 
Ҳ˵ˡ ߸Щٵؿų㣬߿ 
߸ȥģ㳯߸ 
ȥģȻڤˡ ߸ͷҲؼǰߣ治ףԼôύûԵѡ 
߸Ļش𣬳¶һĨĵ΢Ц 
ģ߰ɡ˵꣬ǣĵ߸ʧķȥ 
Waiting bar 
Waiting barɫ޺ɲͣתյдĸֹ֣ͣӪҵ 
ûϢ𣿡֪Լǵڼˡ 
ͷ󺹵Ȯҡҡͷ 
㡣治ףôôһûõĹ ߵѲ֪Լ˵ʲôѾˣѾˣûһϢββѾʧȥôѣĳܲһεʧȥ 
ëǲؿŸ֪֪ʧȥҲӲư 
ȮЪЪɡëЩʹؿѿ޳Ȯ˵ 
ҲۣҪҵˡ Ȯᣬᶨ˵úԼúޣΪʲôǰﲻ˵æΪʲôҪʲô¶ԼѵѾûзˣҪļڣΪʲô㻹Ҫء 
ëЦЦҲ˵ʲôһĵĹΪ꯸еˡ 
֪˶ãеһ˿ϣҲĥ 
Ҷôˣô޾ɵġһһļž 
壿ǣһرȥ 
ôˣ˭۸ˣ谮Ÿͷʵ 
塱ëǵϴ˿ҲѵõЦݡ 
ǲˡ 
ˣɻؿŸ 
Լˡëǽӹش 
ȥˣѾˣǻûϢЩŭ˵ 
⺢ôԼ̾˿۵˵š 
Ⱦ˰ɡȮ塣Ҳ취ˣֻҪҵˣҪʲôԸ⡣ 
ȮʵǰڵظҲ˵Ȯ¼ǶߵһȮǿһЩʧɫЩеǱ 
Ȯֻûͷͷ 
׷ҲҾ͸ûˣһɵظȥæ̽ĻȮֽͷأҲɴ͡Ļ󣬲΢˵㾫 
壬ôпﰡ֪² 
ұǵҲꯡǵݣ廹е㷴ӦҲ˰ɣ˵㡣 
ǣؿ塣 
뵽еĿģɫء 
ظˡһ仰Ե˶ȵ̧ͷ 
ôˣëǷԼЩõزشصӦòС¡о鷢ֵ̫ˣҲʼ 
⼸죬ظĶһֱڰطðȥȴ鲻ȻֱǰãȥزҲ̽ 
ޣ岻֪Լ˽ԽزǲӦãѾ޼ƿʩˡһңͿزڵϡ 
ڶοޣһǰõزǰһ档 
̧ͷһ˿ϲá 
ôˣԵӴͻȻ޼ƿʩ 
û¡΢΢һ۳ؼ 
ǡѹӣ岻֪ǺáزѾˣزΪܵľֻʣˣҲ 
˵ һſڵϣת۾һһ˵ 
罫ҪټѣڵظĵȪѳˣұ׼ȥȴ޷䡣ҪȥWaiting barҵҲͥĵһսֻΪսܽ⿪ȪĽ䡣 



ʮ Ľ

       ȪôûڵظҲˣëʵ벻˵֡ 
˵ˣҲǸող֪뵽ղһ˵꣬ͣڵظ˭֪һ 
һֱûгȮͻȻ 
˶תͷεؿȮ 
ظ̹ſʹؼ䣬ظҲΪأΪĵط֮һȪһֱǵظһء˵صؼԹ֮ڡάؼЭһͻлص 
ȪŸտʼͿõظаĶհıǺֱ޷ص˵£ľѹ˿鼸ǧĴʯͷ 
ûбͥ Ȯʵ߼ǧˣôҲѧ˵˼ 
Ѿϱˣͥڵ״ܹܵùûȥͥҲظ̸۹ʵǲұ̫ϣ 
ǰ֮ҲˣҲ֪ôˡ ȮҲ̾˿治Ϊʲôϲպһѵ˵Ļ 
֮ģɻʵôһЩ׵£֪ĵط 
֮֮һͨڡ ȮҲ֪ôӺ˵ֻü˵һµ 
Ǹô죿Լ˵ӰҲõһ仰ΪŸ˵꣬Ե˶ĿͶ 
֮ǵøϿҵǡ˼˰˵ 
Ȯ鷳Ѱҡ 
鷳һ㶼鷳 ȮæѰҪְ𣬿ǽ⿪˻Σ 
չȮëȥҵܵܣҲ԰æظһҵøϽȥ˵꣬õͲˡ 
䲻ȥչһһôŵĹȴҲ벻ʲôֻñ첻ôԸشӦ 
ɫһƬžֻнŲڲмϡ֨֨ 
ŵסҪϢһ¡еؿǡ 
ҲǷ˵ԵʣôһսֲͣϢظô·ǸоԼѾʼͷҲֱð亹Ҫй˵־Ҫˡ 
ʵڲΪҪҪظϣȴֲԼ÷һ̡ 
û¡΢Цҡҡͷһûµӣȴʼ㡣 
۵طǼǰߡ 
Ҳ˶ã˿ͻȻߵĹطΪǿͷ 
ꯣ㿴л˼ҡ켤ؽ 
Ļ̌ȥȻл˼䡣תͷ۵׵˷ܣҲŸ 
֪ڵԼ壬ȴ˽ԼԸԲûмȰֹֻǽ벻ѹĵסǺεºܾλ˽ĺ֪ѡֻиԼݣܣ 
𣿡ĴŽյĴš 
һͨ˼ңЩªȴҲɾӦһͣɾˡ 
ãŲš֨ѽһ򿪡 
һŻ̽ͷؿǰˡ 
ţһ𣿡칧ؿڡ 
ͷ˰죬ľȥҲǿǰ˲ǻ˰ɡ򿪴ţðǽȥȴû뵽ǰǻˣĻ죬ֻΪˡ 
ڣ֪һ仰˲ò࣬ˣ 
СݴĽҰ⣬ȥªȴӦоС 
Сڰɡŵݸһ裬˵ 
һ㣬֪νӿڣҲŵ仰ߵ̧ͷ 
Ѿˡ뵽ʲô£޸иŵ˵ 
һסôͣʼûٿڶˣĲסʡ 
ŵĽˣͽŰɣɷſȽϿʣһĵطס˺ܶˡ 
밽ҲûгŵĽҲǺܾûߣŵĻö˺쳣ġ 
Ѿס60ˣӳˣܲ徻ȥ˴УҲûлϰҲ20ǰ뿪ˡ˵ŵЩЩˡҲ˹ɷɡȶֽ˵ϰ뿪ͻȻúüįҲȥ˳Ҷӣ˭֪ԲѾһ˫ۡ 
ѹв̡뿪ڰοȴס֪ЩѾж꣬ܶ˵ֺγһ£ 
˭֪ӣϱŮһеҲġҲ֪ѴΪһͷˣôһõأǲЦ𣿡Գ˵ 
أ̲סһ䡣粻֪ĹεĶӼ飬治ףѵһαͱĸĸҪҪ𣿵һΣԼʵĲ࣬ǿЦαĽڡ 
ſ˰һۣ˵Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻЩ£ΪһӶ˽𡣿ɿˣ񿴵һеǰδеůͳ羴 
Ҿ뿪˶ӵסΪûǮһ·֣һصһססڣЩɽϵĸԺÿġÿ¶̫һΣÿζܶණ˵˵ѸỨ 
˵꣬ɫѾʼ 
Ŵɵ죬̾ 



ʮ Ϧ޺

       Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ裡 
ϼԣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ뵽һʫ 
̤СݣͿԶԡϦµǡ 
ϼɢѣĿĲʹ⣬о۾ᣬҲһƬʪһŷֲ֪ʱԼ档Լһˮ¼ǧûζɡǵõܵЦϷԼΪء 
Ҳ֪ʶָΪսĶ־Ҳʼѡһսһֱڸ߶ȽУ֪÷˵־ָΪŲҪػˡֻҪԼҪػ֮һȥʣȴֺµõ𰸡 
õ𣿡 
ǻعͷ΢Ц֣űϼԻҪ顣 
콫ַǵϣ߹ȥ¡ 
ǽӵڻر˫ۡ 
ꯡǻ̧ͷ 
ôꯣ˫ÿγˮ 
ꯡһɬͷȻҲûпһȻ 
ʵԼǣҲ֪ԼôͷĴסҲԽҲ𰸾ԽȥҰɡ뷨ϼıˮҸʱ׵¡ȥʣȥѰңȴÿڿ֮ʣֱ¡òԼµõ𰸣Ҳ֪𰸣ֻǲȥԶѡԭڸǰټǿҲôƽҲῪʼ 
ꯣôˡҲǸоĵͻȻ 
û¡΢Цҡҡͷ 
ΪʲôȥѵûĵĶӰãʡ 
ɵѾͷҲкޣȴûйֹĶӡֻҸ߶ѡǳظŰһͷ˳Ľ𷢣Ц 
ҲһҲкޣҲԹȴ᲻ȥκˡΪǶˣԸίԼҲҪܰ˺ûԼûҲΪ㵣ǣΪˡ 
ꯣӦңҪƴԼ˫д˲ 
ѹĵŰ˫ۣǲû˵ʲôֻǽøԷֱԶǣǲϲԸ 
һŨⰡһ 
ѾʼϦɽǰͻȻ쳣ϼ⣬ԭȾһԡ 
ؿǰŮӡ 
Ӣ˾ŮһѪ·Ϧ¸ġ 
бԾ治ɫһҳ 
˵˾񴦱䲻һءŮӿЦţźĵĹ⡣ 
ˣҲЦ⣬ɫסҪŭİ졣 
ڿŭҲһ˲ʧɾ 
ȻˡŮӵӽĶջ 
㻹Ȼ֪߲ƣŮĵʱֻԼڻ¯գҲʼʹ 
ǶĹɡŮӳЦſŰ졣ôǸС۹Ҳδ̫˵ɡ˵꣬զզ¶һϧı顣 
㡣ҲԼûǣһֱȽԵһƽҲʼȻ󲨡ڻû˵ǸСܵģǰ 
ŶҸأȤؿŮӣŰȴ˿ûи 
ҲӦŮЦǡ 
һǱȽϲŮӻԼһʱǿˣķƵ 
㡣Ůӵɫɲر࣬ΪһŮӱίؾܾȷʵһܵ¡Ůֻľгһܣǽŭǿѹ£ǿǣǡ 
ܾôŮӵָŭȴھҵȼա 
Ůһ£ģˣһ߳ 
ţԾغȴûֻãؿһۣͷȥ 
ôˡȥ۵ؿš 
ûʲô͸һССĳͷѡŮӲΪȻؿŰ졣 
ֻԼһʹǸȴּǿǵžͲܽĿࡣͻȻúԼΪʲôûзΪʲôǴ˺ 
㵽÷ҵ飬ָֻ˸ղŵ򶨡 
Ծǵ򾲣ŮӲɵľ 
Ҫ󲻶ֻ࣬ڵıá 
һ㣬˺ֿܶȴû뵽ԷΪƶڱڣ˵ʵԼҲ֪ȡá 
ֻ˵ҰﲻʲôæŮһһ˵ 
㲻Ůָɵʹͷš 
ҪɱǶؿŮӡ 
㡣Ůȷû뵽꯾Ȼ᲻˰æһ̫̫ʵ뵽꯳ܵе⣬ľĺ 
ʧ㣬ܹҲ˰ɡŮ¶һĨݶЦѵʹͷͻȻ̧ͷٶȣǯ˻Ӧİ졣 
㡣ôҲƽ֪ǼٵģȴǱͻסˡ 
ڻЦóŮߵǰĵЦš 
ȷʵЦǳϵصͷһΡ 
ǱأɡŮӽ쵽Ǹǰ 
ꯣҪ˲ȫʹҪܡ 
Ұ㣡ܲסɴһƽڵϣһҲ 
³ڵѪĶˡ 
ȽƣɱŮаĵؿǣݺݵ˵ 
ŻûһѴ󵶣˯ڵصİ졣 
Ҫǲ֪ŮԶԶ˦ͬʱһɫĹڷγһǿɢ 
ʹط𰽺죬ʱֻһƬһ 
ƣŮҡվŵؿлŰǣһ˿־塣 
ߡŮԥǰ˻ 
̫ȫ䵽ɽ£ɫʼ 
ǲ֪˶ãֻǾرŰ죬һҲ 
ꯡһ΢ĺֻͷһȣæͷ 
ˡǸоԼЩɳơ 
ˣ֣ƣû뵽ΪԼۣû뵽оҸҸȥҲ޺ˡ 
һʪʪģŷԼڲ֪еᡣ 
νж᲻ᵯֻδʱ 
һεؿŰ죬ͻȻ޴ 
ˣҵˡȮһӳҲ˲ϻڷεͷ˹ȥ 
̧ͷŷ֣֪ʱǶվڲԶǰˡ 
ôҲġǸȮͷ 
˱ƵϢ͸ϹˡָȮ˵ 
ģע⵽ǵĺͣһɫСγ 
ӲҪġ Ȯίǵ֣Թ޵ؿСҪˡ 
ǡؿ밽һۣص˵ 
챻һ˵ɵһ糺죬Ҳʼ˼ 




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ڶ Ȫ
һ 

       ظ 
ǵȪǰһŲʹıɵø̾ѵԽΣյĶԽ 
ǵȪĽ䣬Ȫڡ͵ 
׳գȮ˸һۣѵõĻᣬôúñһء 
㡣һʱᣬȴֲһֻ 
ˣëʵܲһԻˣʱȻ 
ǿһۣ䣬أļ 
ꯡǿӽʱͻȻ 
лǻعͷ 
Сĵ㣡ЦЦ 
һһ⣬ǶʱůЦһǿǵĲɵûԾ 
ǵ䣬Ե˶ɵ쳣š 
ֻԼҲһʼ䣬ԼǵǻǺ¡ֻѿʼĲʹ⿪ʼ 
ŸһС 
ǵѾȫû䣬ҲʼѸٵתɢ 
ǵӰ˿ʼǣꡣ 
ͻȻ䲻תǷųҫ۵Ĳʹ⣬һǿϮ 
ǹûϮǱĳס 
ؽָƽǱֱֱصڵϡ 
ꯡ 
ˡ 
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ֱֱص˰ĻУر˫ۣһ 
ֻǻȥˡһ͸ص˵ 
˸߸Ҳʼ¡ 
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ûн⿪岻޳ص˵ 
ʲôû⿪ֻû 
˲ɵýĿ⼯ϣʱҲѾɻؿ塣 
ûУҲ֪ΪʲôӴͶĿ⣬Ҳ֪ν͡˵ֻΪս꯲ܴ򿪣Ϊʲô˼⡣ 
Ҫȥʵޣ 
˶޳ɵصͷΨҲֻеܸһˡ 
̫أѾչˡ岻òΨһϣ 
ô죿οڵȮǣһ˫Ѻˮġ 
ˡˡ Ȯĵغš 
ҡû¡ĵȮǳֻ̧ظȮͷҡҡͷ 
һֱΪİ죬֡ڿָѪɫɫʱеġ 
ɺʱһй롣 
Ȼȥɡãſڡ 
˻ȥʵ벻ʲôõˣһŲʹĽ䣬תȥ 
Waiting bar 
ӵظѾˣҲʲôͷⲻڴء 
Ҳ˵仰ôҲˡһֱûпڵǣ̲סȥֻôôеᰡ 
ͷҲû̧ͶĿ⣬ɰŪϵĲ豭 
ô㿴˲˼ǧˣȮ֪ڵ˼ⲻ֪ôСʬȻ뵽˲ڵ⼸챻۸ǸңȮͺ޲ǰҧһڡ 
ιˡҲʾضȥ 
˭ء Ȯֻûһ޵ľǱ˵ôΪĹôܱأ 
ﻹһǱ޹ؿΧһۡ 
 
쾹ûֹ˵ֻһһ˿ɺֿЦ 
Բǽ첻Ӫҵ򿪴ţǰľ󣬰쾹Ҫ˵Ļ 
ֻվһɫӣӢƣ롣Ⲣô˾ȣΪƣ̫ࡣȵǣӼϾһӣһԲѵӣ졣 
ҲʶſڵĲԾҲֹͣſڡ 
ƴ磿Լ۾һʱ 
ĽкһվʱҲ 
ҲɵЩʡ 
ƣôˣϵӣëǾ 
ղطɳϣصǳ 
æһŵˣɻǡ˵ķشǸžȨӣǧٸʺͬʱϯ 
ʶɻǲû˵ʲôֻǰοһЦæȥ鿴ղƵơ 
˵úء̧ͷ 
صصͷ 
ǻо𣿡⻰Ѵſǻ֪˶ٱٴμǵ龰ôҲ벻ȴǲ˵ϢǷʲôСӴأǰֹ۵û£ƴ綼ˣʵûʲôˡ 
ʱûСҲصˣɫҲ쳣ĳء 
ؽĿͷ֪ûʲôϣ̲סȥڴ 
Ŀ⣬ֻһʹȥҡҡͷ 
ҲΪһٶһ㰧˵ɫʡ 



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        ͨ 
ͨЩ˵˵Ҫ˼Ҹõסʱ뵽ĵط 
صͷ 
˵ǰƵסŪ˵ 
Ǹ˼һ᣿ʵǸ˵Ҳܾȱɣֻϧɷ𾿾̫١ 
ǰŶԹкô 
΢΢Щü 
ɱҲҪ˵ЩغȦеˡ 
ˣˣһעġԼʵѾͷûͷֺγϢϢÿ뵽ѹڷӡµĸףܾѵˣֺγϢˡ 
ˡų˵ 
ǽɡɳϣ۾Ҳ 
ˡ 
ˡ 
˫˫ڵء 
ɣʲô֣ 
ˣܣûõƣ𷣡˵ 
úܺãΪʲôҪ㡱΢΢һЦ 
ˣЩŵؿǰˣ𣬻˱ˣ 
ұûдҪõƣѾ˱ƣ㹻ˡЦš 
黹Щɻ󣬲ΪʲôͻȻҪˡ 
ӦѾ˰ɣ鲻ɫʵ 
ˣŻԲѵղѾwaiting bar˵ʻ鼱æش 
ǱأЦŵͷתһԲĺ顣 
ʥĸѾͥҲûȥֻ鷿Ҳûͥһ糣϶Ҳһֱڹ㺮šϸϸؽͥ⼸Ķˡ 
ãһжƿУȥɡ ΢΢һЦֵ 
׼һ£ͿǳˡЦ 
ǣ˷ܵصͷһ߽ݡ 
ݺ 
źǵĺϣһ㱡欶á 
ݺ㲻Щɻ˵ɾԸš 
Ϊݺ͸ظһİĺЦų㣬˵أ治֪ôġ 
ĵļЦ㲻ɵ 
ݺҲɾĵط߸Ųͷݺĵ˵ 
Сӻõ㳣ʶ߳һ׺ӵͷͦؿ߸ 
ͻȻͷһ²ݡ 
λɣݺ֮𣿡㼱ȷɵݡ 
ҿɴӵ۵ؿų㣬ǼƾͺҪˡ 
һʱ֮䣬㻹ûӦֻЩίؿɡ 
Ȼˣ˧ءļֺõɵı 
ģҾ˵ұͷ˧ɡĵĿޣһ˫гһߣ˿ûһΪ顣 
ƢôŹһݺ֮ˡСֹȴǱɸˡ 
ͷܹŹ֣ҾͲܰˡֱţҲǰָųһٳ 
ĸĳܵ⵱ڵҪ߸ˣⲻˡ 
ˣôסôɾʹ° 㡣ֻԼķζըˣѾǷħˣͷȻѵ 
㣡֪кηԸ ߸סֵĳ㣬תͷɣ̬Ĺ 
ƺϲ׼뿪תؿ߸һۣЦ 
Ķӣǿ֮šλɵ۹߸תóͷƤֱ顣 
㻹̲סʵ 
ϧˣ꯵һƬġɼҡͷ 
꯵֣ٴ˿Ҳɢˣеǻں 
ʶҸף ߸Ͻʵ 
εؿ߸һۣ˻ǲܱġٿں޵ĳ㣬еҩȣͥǸðվȻëﺢ 
йһ֮ԵʯģѾ֪ɻ̲סʡ 
ǵģɳȫ˿ѻָǧأֻάֶá 
ʲôȫȫΪʯҵģεطۣҪûͷԵĺӸˣôô 
㲻ݺ֮𡱳˵ 
˭ݺ֮ˣͷʲôá ֱš 
ɵһԣ˶һȣʡ 
ʯҲ˵þõһжҪԼĻ˵գԶȥϵҲɢ 
лǰָ㣬߸ڴл ߸ͻȻϸһĨ΢ЦԶȥķݵ 
лͲˣǺΪ֮ԶԶЩǺܲϲϵĿס 
߸ΪʲôЩֵؿ߸ʵŪ߸¡ 
㣬㿴ָǰϾ 
˳ָķȥҲɵþ 
ֻĺϳһ߲ʵĹ⣬ֱ亣ס 
ǣ 
ΪǴͨݺͨǿߣʹ߸ûоȣ֪ƵġԳҲֻǵһЦʹȥ 




 Ȫ

       Waiting bar 
ؾɫĴط£һƤĺִͯ˲ƣ 
ղƾڴϣһҲǰ׵еµɫͺļʱҪȥ 
֪ԼǾ£Ѿ˵ûŮأǰһҪСӸ粻֪ȥǡͻȻо÷ҡΪʲôõĶһȥجȴܶʼ 
ҸϵʱѾˣң²ˡ˫дƣΡ 
Ϊʲôʱ֣ʲôĿģëüͷɫҲÿ¡ 
Ҳ׼׷ȥȴַŲ²ơĵؿԾɻԲѵĲơ 
ΪʲôҪɱأôҲ벻ͨģǲ֪ʲôǶвëֻһͷڵһ飬ôҲͷ 
ꯣô˵˵䲻⸴ⶪһֱûпڵǣԼͷˣǼһȴûƵģ 
ꯣһ㣬ɻؿǡԴŲƽڣһֱΧڲ뽫ϡȻû˸ἰйݵ¡ 
ǳ΢΢һͷǴкҲǧʺţһɽѹҲеѡѾǼټȴ˵ĸоֵֹԼҲΪԼݱˣĸҲͬ˻ǡ 
Լĵͷĸѽȥ 
ؿǣȴһʲô 
ʦôˣо̲סԣԶǸʦ 
û¡ʶԼʧ̬Щεصͷٶ̧ʱɫѻָ 
ȴûӹһֱעһеİ˫ۣûвμǰĹ£ԶЩҲֻƾԼʶжϡΪʲôо£һĪĺ¡ 
оһжˣԼ֪ǷȥšһЩһЩɵòȥ롣ǧǰꯣһ֪еҲһŪЩµԵɡ 
Ҳ֪ˣ뵽ﰽ첻ɵ̾϶㣬ѵ˵ģ 
ʲôءǴӱ󻷱ס죬ʡ 
Ȫ¡ǸůĻҪ𣬸һн˸еôĺ£ܸѾûзˡҲҪκһˣǧǰһһ㹻ҲҪڶ顣 
а취ġ̾˵γ֪룬ֻǾȻԸ˵ֺαǿ֪޷еλãҲûͨ󡣿һԼػ㣬Ժʲô¡ǵ˫۴˿̸ӵ 
죬Ȯ˵ַûΣգȴǻԲѡ 
ҲڿɿˣҲ˲١ɽĵȴôЩɫµ͹ȡ 
ȪԽԽȶˡ岻֪ȥȥѲӹѺĵȴֶʧȥ˳̬÷ 
Ϊʲôǻ򲻿ءʳ˴кܾõʡ 
Ҳεҡҡͷ˵ʵҲ֪ΨһԸǴ𰸵ĵҲչˡΪĵܵҲӵ߿Ը𰸡ȴ˼һôҲҲ 
ȥ䣬ȷʵʷΪĽ䡱ȥ龰˽Ҳеľ 
侭ǧԹ֮Ȫ 
Ҫô죿ǲǵ˵ˡһĻǸ 
ǲġ϶˵ 
˵öԣټڵز߶꣬ҲֻƳ䡣һۼ˵ 
ϴΪʲôƲˣӦΪʶ뷨ûѵԵʰɡ 
ҪָܻһֱûͻȻڣǵ˶ȵؿҲǰԼǱʶųݣҲܼضҪԼΣҪػԼҪػˡȥָ󣬻һ龰ֻҪ˲ܵ˺Լкη 
һ˵ĪȮڿԻָˣڿԼԼˡҲΪǹԶû˿̵˵ʲôζҲ֪꯻ָָԼǸñǸϲ 
Ҫ̸ָסһ仰дƶصˤȡһ仰˿ϣ 
ڵıϹӵĴȱֻҪ÷߶ڵıƾͿԽ⿪䣬ҷûȫָҲ֮ʢʱҰ߶ƣʱͿԽ⿪ˡ 
á΢Цŵͷ 
쿴ǵЦȴ쳣ѹ֪ԼΪʲôѹľ˼ΪʲôĻ˵Ĳ 



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       ظ Ȫ 
߲ʵĹ⣬ǰһʱֻǸ裬αǨҫ 
ʼ˰ɡǽĿӽ 
á΢Цŵͷ˹ 
ꯣҵ㡱 
תͷؿŰ죬΢΢һЦתȥһЦ̫̫࣬ļᶨ޷Լ 
ѾʼʩΪ˲ܵţýӡ죬ëǣȮվڽ۾һգգضˣÿ˵Ķϸߡ 
Ĵ߶£ǵ仯͸ԼԿһյɫĵĵƣصԽԽó塣 
˶ȵʱ򣬵ͻȻһɫĹ⣬Ǵۡ 
ڶʱ̹ѾʧǵҲѻָǵ߲ʵıҲʧ٣ԼԿɢ̹⡣ 
û°ɡ켱æǰ鿴Ƿ˫۴˿д˵뽹 
û¡ظŰͷӵڻ 
ˡȮҲеίǶʼɵؼǵߡ 
⹷һָֻŪȮë 
һγһķ羰߿ĺг 
棬ɵ뵽СӴ磬Ҳ֪Ǵ˿뵽һᣬҲۿת 
ôˣëۿ޳ĸ 
ûʲôͻȻ뵽һЩ˶ѡһ㣬عԼëǡ 
ëЦЦĿͶǰһĵĳˮӿMaxһ˯˶ٶȳԺΪԼˣû뵽ԭѱؿİϡ 
û°ɡһлŽ 
û¡ɫ˿̱ǿؼһ΢Ц 
ǽȥɡһ߷һʾҲҪġ 
ߣӳһ̶̵ĺˮЩĶΪֻһ䡣 
öǺǰľɫһ 
˫ȴǸӳأǡ 
ȵˣ綼ˡؿ۱̵ĺ档 
ΪʲôȪһ䡱ȮЩɻʡ˵Ȫȴû㾰 
ѽΪʲôæͣǵһμͬЭ 
ڿĲˮɾһԹ֮ЩԹ֮Զʱʹˣټǧ֮ѳΪ̫Ȼ෴һԹ֮顣Կ쳣Ưһʯ 
һ龰»Щ֪ĽȽϺЩ 
Թ֮ͻƷӡֱʱؽᱻԹ֮֡ 
ǻоԼĶڲ 
ؽΪһħ磬û̫ûůеֻǱа񡣡 
˵ûǾ鷢ǿȪĿ쳣ļᶨ 
壬ҪֹȪҪʲôתһԵ壬ںϣԼѾָָ䣬Ҳ԰ЩʲôæأֻĿš 
Ҫ̫𣬻а취ġֺγ֪뷨ǼģǵõزǧҪǸ࣬Ҫڵ̹֡ʲôûӺõزּ⣬زشԲǡİΣǵļô 
壬·ԼѡġԴӦԴ߶ƽһֱֺγȻսôԼڲأôΪԼİΣڲأڵز߼꣬رزֵգĲɷĴȱĻжԼҲôΰ󣬵ͬϣԼһˮе顣 
һʩȴȪϤأֻ֮ûصwaiting barԲߡ 
ȥˣûһͷ 
ҹԽԽ 
ëվڴǰ˸ŵҵƻ 
ǵѾþˣһƬǽȴûһΪȴ˵ˡ 
ǰһо죬maxȥһڸشϡ 
ǵõԼСķԣûʱȻܾˣЦŰµԼꡣ 
֪ԸԼһȴҪҺúûţ֪֪žζŲǣ޷¡ 
ôˣһԱ𣬲ûͷëҲ֪˭ 
԰ϵ˫ۣëͻȻ˵ǵ˰̵ĳ嶯 
ǰʥĸ֮սǰҴص۽СһæѵһԶԿﷸսSDU 
£˵ҲûдֻǾš 
һСʼܲҸСᾭͷۣȻҲСúܲҡ˵ëǵϸһĨ΢Цһõʱ⣬һĻ䡣 
maxǵĶӳһҺܶˡҲ֪ϧһֱΪһЩǰǣ衣ֱһ죬Ǵһ¥˼Ϊ˹ˣԼսѵǹ¡ʱҲ֪Լĸ飬ԭԼڲ֪аһѾˣԶˣ˵Բ˵һǿëѳһ˶ 
ļ磬ԼļϺúõطйӲ֪ԭĮȻı»һ¡Ϊʲôǻ£ǰǽŸëǽرš 
Ҿ˵СóС᲻ϡҲ֪ԭʲô춼Ҫ㸶ۡҪһ˵ȡһ˵Ѿmax㸶ҵҲϧСᾭסҵĿ󣬴Ӧһ䡣maxȴˣҪ 
£Ҳʹ֪أֻˣ֪Ƿݿ̹ǵʹ 
ˣϣúõػţĵػš 
𣿡ȩ̈ͷЩһֱ˵оɶˡ 
ӦÿֲǣΪҲҪǷݾʻ 
죬лл㡱ëǸмؿŰ죬ǵģӦûþһݣŲmax 
ëǵЦݰҲЦˣѾ⿪ĽԼأֽȥδӣ 
ʱһһعȥëǵѻָƽɰȴ޷Լƽ 
죬һǧһֱ𣿡ƽë̲סʵ 
ǰҲϲëǻʣһʱ֮ûӦ 
һǧʱ˼֮ʹǲǺܿࣿԼѾܲˣοһǧꡣ 
ʱ˵һǧҲǵָһӡ˼ʹ࣬ҵĸʵɫʡһЦЦݼж˭֪ 
˺ãٿҲֻôʮꡱëǵĻȴز˰ĳþòƽ 



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       ҹˮ 
վ¥Զĵƻ洨Ϣĳһҹǣһ˻˵֡ǵһҲϲѤҹȴϲðϲȶ˵İ£ٵమɱԼҲ֪ЩЩǼ١ 
ʲô£ĽŲعͷ 
ԶȮվ 
ʲôĿģ뻹ǾÿżɽȽϺá 
ĹȻˬ졣һ㣬漴Цһ֮ɫ 
ҲӦˬ찡Ȯû˵˲ˣȮһͲŹ 
꯵İȮȮ 
Ȼ֪͸÷Ŵ㡱ᵽȮ޵ 
Ī㣿ȮЦЦЦ 
ס˻뷢ȮǲĶ֣Ҳ˿ 
ֻ֪ǵлѡ 
ѣǵзѡֻ˵Ŀǰ˺ǡܸ޶ȵı֤ 
ǺãȻ仰ҲͷˡЦ˵ 
Ĺ ȮĹǸˣǸԳǷش۵ˡ 
쿴ȮҡͷʾҪ 
ɷ֮еĿġ˵ 
һΪ˵ȪǽҲΪ°ɣ 
㲢Ƿءᶨ˵ 
Լãû˶ݱʾɣ 
ΪشõĲʲôؼǷذ󡣡 
ƾһ㣿 
شۣȻѾǲòˣȴܼǵϢϢȴİġ Ȯ 
أ˼صͷ 
شһϣȱػʣȴûС 
ã˵úãȻѾô϶ֺαʣѵɱǣ 
㲻ᣬΪ㻹ûеõҪģοеȪ£˭Ȫһ˭ҲӲ 
û뵽Ĺԭ˴ 
㵽˭ʵ 
˭кҪֻҪ֪ʱǲǵˣͺˣұ 
ǺãҲ˭ֻҪ㲻˺ҲҴݡ 
㡱һ仰ڿնȥ 
ĹĲǷأߺȮʵ 
Ҳܿ϶ĵ̾˿ 
Ǹô죬İܣ 
ɵǶܿ϶ôȥñŰ˵ڵȪȶǻҪİοһЩڰĵˣټ꯷ûлָǲܹȻȥѽڵĴôҲ˲رꯣô࣬ķǲָĺ££ 
ղɻԲѣȪĽ취ҲûҵϴεԼ˭ҲûΪ˭ҲԸڱϵİ 
ÿصwaiting barһΣ˵ظ״ 
壬˵ô죿ȪĶԽԽˣһĸҲһ 
忴ٿصҡҡͷ 
ʦأȻѲǸʦˣǸĲ 
ʱûСɫҲ쳣ء 
ﶼû˵ưɰ̫ȵĺҲ 
ͻȻűײһӰײײֱ̨ 
һ̧ͷŷ˾ǰȥëǣֻɫƣҲ˸С 
ôˣûҵ𣿡ЩŵʣܵǸţֻļǲô˳ 
ëεعһˮɫҲʼָ 
ʲôˣԼĶðˣǵõϢܼܵǰϲһСϣԼ޷ëǰȥ 
ҸϵʱѾˡ˵ǰҹͻȻʧٵģȥû֪ 
ΪʲôֻԼѿܲˡ 
һµ¡Ŵëǲ֪Լ˵ 
ëǵĻһ͵ض̧ͷؿëǡ 
һ·ϣҷԭзֱӲ߻ǵİëǶ˶ٽ˵ңҸյõϢ۳֣Ѿʮ 
ëǵĻһըףصشڴϡ 
ô鷢һӦòһżȻһֱڳ˼ͻȻڡ 
кθ룿Ե֪ǵݣһֱ 
ҾЩ鶼ϵ 
ʲôϵʵ 
Ҳ˵֮ҪСġһܴıĿ˿̸ӱ䣬һǿĺɢ˲ɵһ 
ıᵽֻ֣ˣǰǾ̹ŵıŪڹ֮У˵ĿΪ׽ˣȴ֮ࡣ 
鵽Щʲô𣿡ߺ󣬰̲סʵ 
ûУֻǸоûô򵥡ǽ£Ȼĵ˵ 
ʲôˣΪʲôҪôؿǵؿڣһΣڿһ 
ҲǺʼû¶档Ѿûзˣ޷ȥһĲѯǵΡ 
Ҫˣǲܹ㣬ӦҪΪԼ֪һֱΪ¹ڻһŵ£ͻȻ֪ô졣 
ɵϣҲµġǽ§Ű죬һ˿ʹ֪ҪʮǰٱΪ˲ģ˷ֻý֮ز 
ꯣߺ𣬲Щˡо꯽Լø֪Զ˵أͻȻҪһеĳ嶯ֻҪû£Լν 
ҾȻǶôܶԼְأİͷ˵šֺγ֪ĺ£ĵġֻôܶôö 
ϵ˻شҪȻҲԼǧӡֻΪʲôôʹôࡣ 
ʶرǣͺһͻʧһ 



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       Ҳϣǲþʡ 
ӭ벻ƺwaiting barӭһλˣһҪұըԵϢҲwaiting barעƽפĿһƽ֮ķҲ˼ġҲ˱ͲƽԵʰɡwaiting barѲڴƽַֻǷЩƣ 
ͬһڰ̨ǰؿ޼ĿˡҲû˵ưɿһƬ 
ſڽһŮӣȫһɫĽۣҫϵ¡΢ĳϾɫգŮ·׹˼ľ顣 
Ůһţ˵ע⡣ʶˣҲرȥ 
ŮӲûҸõλ£Цس̨Ŀ겢ǾƶһȺûüӦˡ 
֪СкιɣǵһӦģҲûгȥΪȻҲǿŮӣĿȴҲϬڳ˼ڹŮӵݼʵ 
ǵһ仰ŷӦ׷׽Ŀջء 
ǵСŮ𣿡 
ŮɨһۣǣһĨ˵΢ЦŵĴ΢΢ؿȵҹݺɽȪˮö 
Щɻ΢΢üԺѰŮӵļ䡣 
ӣǻĵڣѾų 
ĹãӲҵͽɡ ΢΢һЦȴǡ 
Ǵ˿ҲǰŮӾǵѪħӰоԼһˣڽɫʣڼϸеԶûпŮӵգȻҲνǵˡ 
ȣ꯻ûüлءǿԼ˿Ц⣬ĿҲôϬ 
ԺԻлĻᡱǵ΢Цһɲǵʧ漴ָֻЦ⡣ 
ҲȹǣҲرǸһղŵĳƣ쳣Ծͣʳʶ̡ǽɽ׸ıư 
һͱɳ£ԸĹҲֻ΢΢һЦ 
뵽˵ĿģɫͻȻóأĿҲдǡ 
ǲǳ¼ Ŀûԥëϡ 
ëһ㣬漴ɫ˵ǵģкܶطС쵽һһ˵ 
˻ˡ 
˲䣬ưһƬ 
ûԼӦٲʲô 
ŴӸղŵлع׷׽ĿͶɫͬЩص顣 
ұ̹ˡ˵ƮҲԼƮһĨԼ΢Ц˵ʥĸ˲ûʧǵ̹ʥءıԽԽɻ΢΢һЦһòһ䣬̹ʥزûб٣̹Ÿû塣 
ʥĸ˵̹Ѿ𣿶СҲˡһֱĶͻȻ˸ǶǼٵģ˵Ĳ߻ıԼֻһſп޵ӡǰһӿͷëǸоԼҲʼȼ 
ëҵŮ˹ȻǰĳȻǵڡſ볰 
ӴԲֻ࣬˵̹̫˵ˡסѿըëǣ˵һ˿Թȴ˲òȥں 
֪ͲϼȥϾ̹иˡ 
ЩϷСӿģֻ˲ܹһء 
أҲָ֪˵ 
ܼΪҲ׽˵֮һ ˵Ȼ˿ûκξжԲס˼ҵĵط 
̹ǡ޷Ƶش 
ţûһǰȰ档Ϊﶼ֪Ŀ־뵣һֽܵڸСϡúõطйɣĲúõطйҲû˵ֻǾؿŸЩϧ 
ҲǿˣͣҲʼ˽̹£ȥͣҲȥ⡣ÿжһѺĳƣҲֻĳ 
ʥĸսʥĸ̹ʥءΪ޷̹ųֻý˹Ѻ̹źĻСһ£ͻȻˣ˼䡣ص£ѲεģΪںĻеõı塣 
ʲô壿Ҳֻи⡣ 
ⱾشģҲھΰɣ黹Ǹ˻ش 
һ˵Ԫ壬˼˵塣ҲǺĻĺڰɣȻ˱塣˵ǰǿ׽бˣҪ˵塣صǣĻһкڰԴҲǵܱȵġ 
Щ˻ǵ𣿡 
ıɲãȫ˼ǵԹõ̲Ʒ 
Ǹô죿ʱ仰Լ˵ġ 
ֻܾȥֹû֪ĲءοķѾ֮ˡ ˵쳣ҲͬΡ 
ʧı飬ͻȻ뵽ʲôԾǸһ΢Ц 
һҪһϢΪ˻ʹҵصգգۡ 
СӻšŸһƬ𾪣ʾסеϲáֻԴһƬհף˫۽ض飬©һ֡ 
ǴδսСˣΪ˾ҧҵѪС̹ʥˡúܿģǻһܿɰŮŶпġ˵ĵʱдЦ⡣ 
ǻţ̹ʥأһŮпģŵ飬ֻһΣֻǿһ˸š 



 ٻ

       ˵𣿡˿ëҲס 
ȻģҸҪƭǡ Ȼ֪пԭɫЩѿϲľǱ˶ɡ 
𣿡ʵС 
ȻġӣоԼ޷ֻεظͷһ̾ 
Ȫ˵ǵȪ𣿡Щʵ 
ǰ˵Ϊļеɻ 
صصͷ̹ʥصʥһž̹ʥ֪ȥκεطκ顣عڵȪһЩ£ҲѾ˵˰ɡ 
忴ЩƵصͷ 
˵һ·ӡȪֻǡЩɵض˶١ 
ֻʲôߵȮæ̽ͷҵķȻ˫޳ɣɲϣʲôʧ 
ֻҪĸȽǿˣķԽӡȪ 
ʲô ̲ס 
λش塣 
˵ϹʱڣĴضϣķศˣ 
סãһԻ 
ûϵֻҪ׾ͺáЩЦؿԾҲͷĸ 
ӣĹټӦÿˡ忴˵ 
һ԰ɡ˼ãŻͷ 
ָϵ䣬һЩûļС 
ûȻȲĴĴٻǿԵġ˵ŽеһסѵõϹ֮һûĴǼҵΪʵѡŸĴѷֱߡ 
ӹͣԼǰӡ΢΢һЦתˡ 
ǰ׻ȸ죬ȴͣȮǰ 
⡣⡣ ȮȵؿǰźޣȴôҲȥӡ 
ʲôģסѡǶķûлָ޷ֻѡߵȮţ͵͵һۣµԹԵžƣ˿Ϊ治һսʹû˷ҲӰû 
ô˵Ȯæϲεؽޡ 
֣ȸ족еȸʱ鲻ɻ 
쿴еӣ˵ʵԼǰͣȸʱҲһĳԾԼˮˣôҲǴ֮ȸ찡ѵΪԼϲԺɫԵҲδ̫˵ȥ˰ɡ 
ظ Ȫ 
Ȫɱ䣬ֻĶȴԼЩ 
ǵȪָһ̶ı˵ 
˼صͷ֪ˡ 
ǿʼɡߵǰ˵ 
ãͺ֮סȪɡعͷɫһɨղŵ쳣ࡣ 
ƻУĹסϷȸ֮λ 
һԸվϷȸ졣 
Ȯڶλϣ׻λرλ˵䣬ȮѸվԼλϣ 
ãʼɡķغã˵գ۽ӡС漴ӡһɫĹ⡣ 
ͬʱȸҲ⣬Ȯеɫĺ⣬׻ҲһƬԴİ׹⡣ 
عâԽԽԽԽҫۡϵһʱγһ߲ʵϼ⣬ֱȪ 
ϼӴȪ̵ıʱͻȻһǿҵİ׹⣬ǿҵѣԼһӣ׹ʧĴҲָǰӣỌ̈̄ΨһͬǣķΧ֮ղŸӴˣҲˡ 
ǲûͣ£ӾĶı鿴Щɥ 
ǻҰ취Ȫ岻ԾҲ̾˿ 
ͻȻתһӣĴУ±һö



ڰ 

       ꣬¡ 
Ŵϣһ˻ 
سһƬУ·ϵĳҲϡ˺ܶ࣬ЩؼҵĻǱҪ汼ģʹذȡһ˲ֻõ 
һһεشڲϣ¡ 
˿ϡٵwaiting barһƬյһ˵ţͣҲûһwaiting bar˲ûע⵽һ㣬ҲӦ˵Ǵע㣬ϾǲˣǮǵĿġ͸ӲעˣΪһҪٱ¡ 
Žرţ˵ıӦѾر˺ܾá 
ضţʱؿеıСֹʲô 
븴Զëǣûи鼱ûнĿ˵ʱĳּУ԰Ρ 
ڴǰʱǡǴ˿̲û˵ֻؿŴꡣ 
ʱʹͣסˣֻŵꡣ 
һſˡ˶תͷſڡ 
ſˣûмһˣֻһЩƣ 
ˣɡ 
ǵһȥģǵûǰ⺢Ҳǵ걻Ӹ߻ˣôððʧʧôҲѧ侲һǵ˶ȥˣǵż 
ڣһƬЩɫֻøѡ 
ѾûˡŶͷϵĺЩοؿڴϵĲơ 
ģһܵǰ 
ΪʲôûѣԹκζԾʼʧ 
ҲͬЩɻѾǰ顣 
𼱣ȻͻġЩŵؽӹëǵݹһغ 
ζеıӣȴϡ 
ȻϲǾͶȵ㡱ǵɨһۣЦ 
ôϲǰĿðȴ˿ԹҪ˼ 
ȲϲͬҲϲǿԵĿһۡ 
û뵽ļ˶أϲ𣿡¿ȱЦŨؿǡ 
ǲûлشֻ΢΢һЦ 
ǲٻشҲûʣ𿧷ϸϸƷ 
ƴ磿ϲؽҲˮ㿪ʼġ 
ơһʱ䣬˶ĿͶ۵Ĳơ 
ǿǣǣЩѾس 
ƴ磬ҡҡٸнҲ뱧ŲƾͿ 
ȡȡһѹƲסĿڵܣʼʹؿ 
ƴ硣 һͻ¼Żˣæɿ˫֡ѱĲƣҲͻȻضصˤڴϣһͻȥˡ 
¸Ǹɵˣֱۿתȵ顣 
ⷭҲߡ 
ڴأϸؼ顣 
ãŻعͷ˵һ䣺ûµģֻ֧ȥˣʱ֮ͻ 
ô˵ᵽɤŵĲ¡ 
ǰȥȴֺŪ˲ƣֻޱίվԶԶġ 
ҲǺܾûµԵʣֲ;ǲݵơһֱҲûҪͣ˼ 
ͨ 
һȵݵϣʵһϲȿȵģô죿 
ǲһûŪͲغȵ 
ֻǹض죬СԼҲȴλ̹һʲô紵ݶĶ䡣 
ֹֻЩεЦЦתֻѾͷûûˡ 
ôˣ˵£ɫ 
ղźһУС 
ûʲô°ɣ̲סСʡ 
á 
ѵùȽϺãôܶĻأһתͷ 
Ǳߵ˶ 
һڿȣĵ˵ 
á 
ãʲôʲôؼʡ 
Ƿǹвأʵĵģϣκε˺ 
вڡһжƿУֻǡ 
ֻʲô 
ֻꯣûƿءһº󲢲⣬ȴʱ̶ڹעһ㶼ۣҲ޷֪ﵽʲôüë΢壬Ҳ͸¶̾Ϣ 
ȻѾû˷ǲ硣һɱĶ 
УǵļƻҪȱɣ㲻ɫЩ 
ǣЩȥͷǣô죿 
һᵱĵġʶԼղ̫ˣЩεͷҲΪԼ밡 
ҲԹô²š 
ԶҪµöࡣǵ1300ǰ𣿡 
ָǼ޸£𵱳̹ʥп龰 
ƻĸϷŪһɼǻۡ뵽Լ̹ʥпģĺоȻǴ֮ˡһֱΪɶֻЩҷĴȱȴֻǸ߸ߵ̨ϡ 
Ѿûзѽ 
ʼꯣϻǲʧġǸˣЩ¡ܸеµˣûмˡ 
ǲãɫأ̲סڡ 
ɵҪһ˿ӦЦЦʵ 
ȻǶˡ 
ûһ־ֱ۾ֲ㿴Ǹˣʵñ˭ֻվھܿøְܳվڵơ 
ǹ 
û˵꣬ЦŴˡ 
ģǵļƻɹġҲʧܵģҲʧܣ͸¶ǰδеļᶨ 
˵꣬ߵǰµԽԽ꣬һƬҡ 
ʧܣҲʧܡܸĴۣҪֻǳɹ 



ھ ʧȥ

       ÿҲȥͻȻղŻֱ£ھѲӰֻвϻˮΣγһ쵵ĺۼ 
峿̫û¶һټ硣 
һ˵С 
ղЩѾ˫ۣҪŷȫѽӲǧĻʯһɴ̹ǵʹϯ޷Ծг 
죬Ī̧ͷڽӴʹЩŤҹûҪЩҲ򼤶ʹȴвһ 
ı飬Щ۵ؽе 
ƴ磬ˣˣ״εؽţһ˫ּ֪÷ 
ơŸĽҶˡ 
һʱ䣬Ҳȫѡڴҵİ£ؿڴϡ 
λǣƵ۾ŰЩɻʡ 
ǶĹ죬ǵѡ˵ţںһ䡣 
Ŷ˼صͷλǣĿ漴ɨǵϣҲѹ᲻ʶ꯵塣 
ǰ 
ʲô⡣ƲŵؿŸԼ𰸵塣 
ģԺٸɡô˵ģ֪ĴҲǴõĴ𰸡 
ô˵ģŶˣ˸ʥĸˣͻȻ뵽ʲô塣 
˵Ƕû 
ŶҲ֪ǿĻźŶһ 
ô˵ģǽ𣿡̲סһ顣 
ʲôҲ׽˵Ĵս˵ŶСأû°ɣ 
ƻû˵꣬Ҿһֵؿ 
ôˣʲôط˵𣿻СѾ 
ûУû£̹ʥȥ 
ǸһŶȻᡱ 
ᣬȥ𣿡ɻؿŲơ 
ǲŸ񿴰׳һؿŻͷԵĸ 
⡣Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ 
ˣ⡣һȺ㿴ҿˣȮ̲ס̧ͷһֱԹ۵ˡ 
ˡǵǣǣ۾ȴſһˮתĲơ 
ˣȮɻؿٿȺˡ 
˵ЩȻؿǡ 
ûļӦûͣǴδսʱЩ͵ؿŰ죬˵ 
һ仰һڴͷϣһɻ𾪺󣬾ؿŲƣһԲҪϣѰʲô 
ôǣﶼؿԼֱֻë 
ǵʲô𣿡ëʡ 
ʲôʡЩ˵ȴڽӴصɫҲЩػش𡣡2004갡 
2004ꣿһѵѵ 
ʲôСֵģ͡Щܲ˵϶䣬ȴִ￴Լӹ죬ѵ 
20066ˡ˵֮ɫ 
Ĳǵ±ߣ㱻׷ɱš 
±ߣ׷ɱŬԺѰйصĻ棬ȴǾҵͷۡ 
ƴ磬ôˣǰʹĲƣʵ 
ڲǰһ漴׹ڰУ˯ȥ 
ô죿·ڴϣתˡ 
ѾˣҲ޷ʲôˡЩɥ˵ 
Ӧ֪Щʲô£вʲôˡ˲𡣡ѿ߳ŵͻȻתôһ仰ϬĿȴɨһۣȻתƵ¥ȥ 
ӴǵĿ⣬ûһţ漴תͷ⡣̫شӶƲҲȾһɫϼ⣬Ҳ 
µۣ糿Ϣ˿ǳһƬ 
ѾҲŪĿǰڰ̨ǰһûһš 
Ҳ˲ƵΪ˲ûǰָ¡ 
ôˣһſ 
عͷֻһԵվſڣ΢Цſǡ 
ҲŻعͷڿЦɲʱϡ 
ˣ㿴ƴˡڵؽǰҲţ۾ȴһض顣 
Ҳע⵽˲Ƶȴһ΢΢һЦƽ¡ 
ѲɲƴҲǼŮ͡û˵㵽ëǵһǱ 
㻹ǹĲ˳ԡ 
ŮӲ˵໰οֲǹǡЩ۵ͷϽëǵĻָߵȮ 
㡣 ȮôҲû뵽սĪյԼͷϡѸӵŭȴһ૵ĻϨ١ 
 
ʲô˵ʲôЩԼǲˣҲʹˡ 
ڻˡƵײײس嵽ǰһץס֡ 
ؽˤԶƵ۹źε 
㲻ǵǲư˲ȫʹٴվ顣 
ʲôҸʶϼıɽ 
Ĳʶ𣿻ǵ800ǰ򡣡ɲĵҪԼ800ʱ޿̲ΪʲôүҪʶ 
ϴˣҲҲǱƵж΢Щ¶ȡ 
ǡǡƲŵ飬ֻεؽĿתǡΨһ¼ˣҲΨһһԸԼ𰸵ˡ 
ǿò˵Ǻûǲͬһˡ 
ģƱһ˿ϣš 
ġеʹ࣬ǲ̵תͷȥԼܸĻǸ𰸣ǸĴ𰸡 
ǵĻһƾһйƤϵȥȴһԵĸס 



ʮ ɫ

       ʱһعȥwaiting barû˵Ӷӵ侲 
ϲѾ鲻ʵһһᶨǾֻĳԭʧȥ˼䣬䵭෴лд˻ᡣ 
һ죬վڰ̨ǰŵȪ¡ 
űͻȻ򿪣һ۵Ĺȴһ˵ĺ 
̧ۣǰӣһѩ׵ĳۣ쿴ȴ˴ĵ﷢䡣㿡ϸһĨ̵Ц 
ʶصڰǰ俢Ŀ˿ϬصŰӡ 
վİ죬ǰߴıӰиһů 
ˣ˵ 
Ľл˸һ 
üԣܺáǣһĨ΢Ц˵ܺõʱĿͣǵϡ 
 
Цţ֣һɫ 
ɫ䣬ŲزסĿ־塣ȫҲΪ־ 
˺ķӦ΢΢һЦת۾ʧˡ 
˻ûüӦʱҲʧˡ 
ôͻȻͻȻЩʲô 
⡣⡣Ŀɿڴʧĵطþ˵ 
ȪԽԽȶˣظĶһһ˵ŵظԽ˵ԽﲻԾôˣ 
ˡ̧ۣԹӸղŵлָ 
ˣֻԼҲʼҵزǴûôɣ 
ûУֻóһɫ͸ˡ 
ɫҲˣôҲ벻ô¡תͷǣǣһ˼ܣأ 
͵̧ͷԼĴ΢΢һЦ 
ӦǣʲôˣȽ׽ĵˡǶ˶ٽ˵һġ 
Ը˰ɡһ̾ 
Ȫôˣʵ 
ԽԽȶˣظһЩҲƲסˡ˵ĳءһжԽԽȴ޲ߡ 
ǲܵˡ૵˵¥ȥһȺؿӰˡ 
ҹ£쳣Բ 
̨Ǿ£˫ɫ¹£ǡ 
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֮ǰĿۡ 
첻Ծؾȳ 
ʲô˼ֺʲôıüë΢壬˼š 
һüëֻһʹϣ˿Ĳģϣ֣ϣҸϣԼܸƽǣȥеĲ졣 
ᰴס֣űɫҪᡣ 
һŷԼ֪ѷ˿Լ֣ЦӯӯؿԼ˫ۣһ޴УֻԼ޷԰Ρ 
ɫһ𣬰͵ؾѡ˲䣬͸˵ķѣæִгЩҵصͷ 
ſտյ֣ͻȻԵʧУ΢ŭؿˡ 
ԭӡתʱǵ˫漴ñ䣬Ҳղŵᡣ 
ŵˡ˿еĲãЦš 
𣿡ǲǣ̫ࡣ 
鲢ûпڣֻؿ˰һۡ 
̸ˡ˵꣬Ҫȥ 
һ¡һ٣ͣ˽Ų 
߹ȥӺرס죬ӡһǡлл㡱 
ѣеİһ仰ȫһ١ 
ллһֱߡ컺ػعƮһˮˣĹˣ仰޺ˡ 
ɵϣôֿˡ氽ȥˮᣬСһСŪƵġ 
ǰˣһᣬڻ𺣡 
㰮ߺʵ˵⡣ 
ǵġػعͷᶨ˵ 
ô϶ҪǣоԼҲˡ 
Ҫʲô𣿡 
鲻֪Լʲôܣĺһһ޷ȵĶ俢˫ۣΪʲôԼʱ䣬ʱᣬΪʲôģģ 
ʲôã˫۾ͿҪð𻨡 
Ҳõģȴġ 
ǵһ仰ΨһһϣһҲˡֻȫһƬģţ 
ѵͲ 
һ㣬عͷؿ飬òſڡܺá 
Ϊʲôҡ˺ĳεغ 
ҲǱļ𺳣Ҳû뵽Լи飬סˡ 
֪ǧǰһżȻĻ̹ʥϿ㣬ҾˡǧھǰΪ˶ˣΪĵ⡣ֺص̹ʥأھǰӡֻֻоǸ°ĮĳޣĵʹĳֶɢΪһ۵£ΪʲôȴộΪʲô㰮Ǹһ´ı 
Ҳ׼ô˵ǽץס֣˵ 
ΪһģϸһĨ̵ЦǲûԼ˼롣ǧҪ£ûֹˣҲ⡣ 
ԡĿµҲʼ亮һ仰Ǵ󲽶ȥ 
ȥıӰ޺޵ս˫ȭ 
ꯣҲʹ˰ݵġ˵꣬Ҳ߽ڡ 
ߺ̨Ϻڰ߳һˣ˫̲סĵʹ 
¹ûΪһЩ˵ı˶˿ѷɫ 
ƾվ̨ϣһһʯĵԹǻڣԹĲ̻ǻں޵ѡ 
ѵûнԼҲͬ졣 



ʮһ ǧ

       ͨ 
龲ɳϣŴ⡣ 
ѾʱˣһֱţҲûиıһ¡һǳʲô£ĵһӦŹ˵Ҳмǧˣǵһμ˷ββǡ 
̽Žš 
ڽеʱ͵ػع 
ʲô£ҪѿʼЩʡ 
Ҹˡ૰һµС 
ˣķӦãŷӦӦ뵽ֻǿĹʧ䣬ֻǡ 
ңȻһҵŮӣҺúޣ 
ӵЩ飬罫꯸˺ˡ 
ΪʲôǧĸֻĽΪʲôΪʲôңҲҲƯΪʲô鱧ʹ 
û˵ʲôֻӵĹú÷йһ°ɣĿȫйǧкγ֪Ŀ࣬ˡֻǼĳò̫࣬òԼʵĸ飬Į顣ʵֻ֪ĲûΪǿ෴ıκ˶顣 
Ҳǿˣ̧ͷᡣ 
Ҫ´ߵĹһʹʲôʱߣԼΪ꯻Ĺޣúסֻǹ㣬ָη飿 
ҲĵģҪõҵһСᶨսȭͷ 
֪˵ҪȻҲǸǿʤĹˡ 
ҪģƴҲġ˵ǹҲĽ죬ο⼸ǧһֱԼ׽áˣкζ 
ʹؽš 
ġҲԼεģκʱζǵһκʱ򡣡ڸҲڸԼ 
ĹȪӿһͱ˵صΡû˭뵽ҲŮӣҲҪ˵ĺǻ뱣ԼֻһѾͷ޷﹫еֻðңͬһ 
ͥ  
ǧʱӵϡ 
ΪʲôҲأʥĸؿǰԼ߰翴϶ὫԼһ١ڵĶ磬ȻǵԼˣǧ飬ʱĥ 
̧ۿɫ»ԣҲ֪϶ڸʲôǷģһǰһ϶ԼĽã޷ѡ 
Ҳ֪½ѹ˶ˣֻȥϾæˡȻ˵Ҫ֪ϾӦǿɿġ 
Բ϶㣬ԭҲܽ¸㣬ԲٿĨɫһۣתƳʹȥ 
ʹ 
̹ˣϾȵؿʥĸһĲš 
ʥĸصصͷ 
Ͼ̹ʲô˰ôû 
һϾ֪ôӺλشֻ˼òŻڡ 
̹Ŵغĺ˱Ϊ̹ˡһͥΪһ̹ʥأ̹˻ħ磬ͳߵĵλһǧ̹ͻȻʧˣ֮ҲҲǵټ 
ȥ 
֪û֪ȥҲ֪Ϊʲôʧ١ 
ǽΪʲôأ 
ҲɺϰɡϾЩǵ˵ϣνûйϵҪȻϾ૵˵ţ쳣ص̾˿ 
Ͼһǧ϶ûгԶ𣿡ȻЩţʥĸ̲סʵ 
϶Ŷûаһֱڹ㺮ÿ춼糯ϼϾʥĸΪʲôͻȻ϶ 
Ŷû£ֻʡʥĸæιȥֻôùƻϺء 
ϾҲûʣֻؿڳ˼еʥĸ̾˿ 
Զʹ볯ȥʥĸ֪˹㺮 
㺮һƬɫıУƮá 
ɫϢʥĸԾҲһսǰҲȴоıͺûһ˿ 
طָ⴫һɴ̹ǵĺʥĸһ֣ܵͣһ¸쳣 
ǵǧǰ糣ңŹĨɫӰɶأɴţȴԶȥꡣ 
ˣôȥ֪ʱ϶ߡ 
ʥĸ̧ۣ϶һɫĳֻۣ϶һصš 
ҡͻȻʥĸ֪λش 
϶һ٣ؿɫЩŵʥĸ 
ǵǧǰһҲشһһ޴룬ͬųǵĺΡ϶֣ظϽصȱڣյľʹ 
治֪δȥЦ硣ɱľҲһ統Ҳȥϧ飬ֻүΪʲôҪȵʧȥ󣬲뵽ҪȥϧǺܶʱȴֻһλᣬʧȥ˾ԶҲȻΪɣڸʱȴ˻Ҫ 
̧ͷƣ̧ͷȴޱߵĲ񷣬޾ãûб߼ʵĲǷҲһƬԳƣ 
϶ӣʥĸֻһʹҲֻһһظãҲ޷ȥϴеʹ 
ĺýã˵ġϣ˭Ҫܵ˺һ˺һᱻ 
ʥĸҳһŵģɳڿе϶תŶȥȻһı䣬Եɡ 



ʮ ݺ֮

       ݺ 
˳ǵ߲ʵĹ⣬һµСǰ 
̵ĲƺɫʻڵеسŲݵ򡣳ʹ۾ڷⲻۻҲλʱԾҲͬЩ͵߸ǲߴˣ 
Ȼûгʧ̬ҲͬǰľɫסԾһ̾ 
˽ԲݵСûоֻܿؿһۣĲݣͺû˵Ƶġ 
򶼲ˣҲ̫˰ɣָ򾪵 
ĻƵģ̧ۿ˳һۣͺ˵ǣ·û档ؿ¡ 
һħ񾹱һֻСľ̲סЦ 
ĸĳܵοǱһС۸ʱ򴫳ȥͥˡܲ˵ǣҲԼ÷ħôİǰأ 
ԽԽ󾹾񸫾Сȥ 
߸ôҲû뵽㾹嶯СۿСҪˣҲǱŴˣСûҲûжֻؿŸͷԼ 
ͻȻһ㾹Ӳ˺һԶ 
һͷ׷۵§űŵС򡣡ûŰɣ鵽Сûʲôˣתͷųˣ۾˵˿̵ķŭ 
ʱҲ˵Ҫ˵һ˵ȷʵе㲻Ϊ˿ûµĺۼһ˫۾Ҳںڶ 
ҪɱҵС˿ˣ̲סݴ 
Сһʱ֮㻹ûӦ 
ֻСڳ˵ 
ҡ˵ʲôȴ˸ϡ 
ʲôңɱҵСɱ㡱˵ɱ 
ǰ˵Ʋ߸æǰһڳǰ档 
˭Ҳһɱ˿ûһ㽲ء 
ġ˶֮ʣĳ˵ 
һ٣ջɱҲȫ˫ȥ߸ҲͬʱһЩмġ 
߰ɡͷͷҲصرССȥ 
㿴ңҿ㣬Ŀ˽Сݡ 
ݺǹͷ˭ɻʵ 
û´ĻӦݺ֮ ߸˼˵ 
ǻʲôǽȥѽ˵꣬󲽳Сȥ 
ȵҡһҲȥ 
Ϊʲôļ߸˼ؿǰģദҲһʱˣʼһĪĵжԸУһصĵħͥҲмǧˣʲôħûмǶǹħȴİģħħҲ񡣿ǹ龢ѽС񡣰ֻϣԼ˵Ϊ˾˫ײǣֻΪʲôȴ˵Ĳ 
С 
˾ۡҪʱʱָŪеС򣬻Ϊ˯ˡ 
ǰݺ֮𣿡 ߸һ 
ɸŪСûۣСƵҲûиı䡣 
ݺ֮𣿡Ҳһ顣 
˻ûзӦ 
ݺ֮ǲǸˣûзӦ뵽ղŵҲٷֻЩŵ߸ 
Ӧû˿߸ҲЩ̫϶ˡ 
ɣ˵ݺ֮ͨӦòǰɣҲǻһ˫ŽýĹ⡣ 
ѽݺ֮ҲҪ֣ͷ 
ĻŸ˾͵ۣЩЦؿˡ 
Ǻܴüҳǳɹˡ˵ɣʲô£ 
ǳ㣬Ҵɽʯһá 
߸ 
ġ 
һǶͥ·ķħһ䶯߸̫ӣĵӡ ݺ֮Ŀͣϣò˵ǽݺģ˵ݺ֮Ц˼˼ 
˵ʲô˼ݺ֮˵ģ̲ס졣 
û㣬ǰ˵ĵ𣿡 
ҡߵսȭͷ뵽ԼֻӲرͷ 
ӣݺ֮û˵ʲôֻЩϧ̾ 
ɫһ䣬ɫЩš漴лָƽһбȴȫ߸С 
ʯУ ݺ֮һ仰һҲ˰ء 
Ϊʲô㲻ʵ 
ȥΪʲôڣļΪʲôѭҾ͸Ϊʲô 
һйƤ˵ľɥ 
֪˶ݺ֮Ǿ仰裡鲻˿ء 
ľɫˣҲ˻ݵķ㡣ֻһƬȣʱҪȼղŻµĿ˿Ҳȡ 
ι㵽׽費裿ȵıվҲ˲ʲôˣֱӽ 
ôħҪɱͷ ݺ֮һؿŭյĳ㡣 
㣿߸ͼסʧȥǵĳ㣬ȴͼ޹ 
˿˵Ͳᷢ¡ûУֻǾؿţһеķ 
ȻôҲϽ裬ֻ衣˵꣬ͷݺ֮ȥ 
ݺ֮ûжֻһ񸫿˱𴦡һҲûḫϣţšԼǶսʤյͽܣΪսľ˾ҲΰԼţһ־ͱ˸ռϷ֡ 
ݺ֮ûҪ˺㣬ղֻȥûгֻֿ³ѵ˵϶ǲġڶ˳ݺ֮ŭˡСӻǲ֪ˣȺ˼ֱ޷ˡƾʯֱΡԼøѵˡ 
ݺ֣֮߸ؽ顱˵꣬صذһǡ 
㣡ĸоһʹҲϸȻһսΧС 
졣 ߸гѴһšۿľҪһƷɨ߸һҲżսҡ 



ʮ 

       ˴ڴ⣬ݺ֮˳Щ˼ɡ 
ȥ治֪򵽺¡ΪĵϷݺ֮һݼһɨȥսеˣû뵽ݺ֮ͻȻӿ칥һʱú޻ֻ֮ؿԼӿ 
ɨ֮ʣһʵϮǵסڵһ 
ͷôԼСôصְҪǵ ߵָݺ֮ 
ⶼģ ݺ֮񲻴ʡ 
ǰôݺܼ˰ 񲻷عֽ 
ͷ֪ʲô𣿡 
ʯ𣿡 
ʯԭһġ Լദ˼ͷʱԼβ 
ʲôҸһģͷǲӺͿˣ ֻûۡ 
ӺͿҿӺͿ֪ʯζʲô𣿡 
ҵȻ֪ͷѾΪʯһˣҲҪֵʱˡ ζ˵š 
֪ζʲô 
ҵȻ֪ǺͷʯһֵģκҲǶ㲻ġοѾû㹻סˣ֪٣ȥ˵ԻһҪĺƽ١ 
ݺ֮ЩؿΪͷʲôںû뵽ıԼҪ͸Ҫֻܵ⼸ӣܵҽôصĵӷǼ 
ڵǵ ЦʵʵֺγģֻҲֻܶһˡ 
ʵ벻ʲôҷĵġ ݺ֮Щؿųˡ 
˵ʲô㳶ߵ߸ʵΪʲôһ仰 
Ҳ֪߸תͷ˳һۣ˵ʵڵҲ֪˵ʲôֱֻһش¡ 
Ҳ˽ݺ֮һ 
õʯ ݺ֮ǴԶƮ 
Ȼ 
ҪĴûУ 
ݺ֮һϯóһ㣬ǻҲȴ 
㻹Ҫ𣿡ı飬ݺ֮Ͽʧǳ 
룡˶ٻصͷ 
Ҫеأ 
ʿˮΣͷǲڸЦģӦǵģֹԼõʯӦġųù˺ܶ࣬ɫҲ˲١ 
롱һγ˵Щ 
ԸǸ ݺ֮૵˵ 
˻һݺ֮ٶȿڡ 
Ǻãûа׳ԵͣӦöɣ 
㲻Եصͷ 
ȻҪһӦһ֡ ݺ֮ؼɫ˰ף˵ʯؼԵıɣϵĿɽ 
ʲôҪҸ㿪ɽ񸫣ôҲû뵽ľԼɽ񸫵⡣ 
ôϰǾذɡ ݺ֮ɫһʼ 
Ծؿһݺ֮治ͷôȷ黹졣ղŻӦʯҪߡ 
תͷȵؿȴ⽫Ŀתһܵı顣 
ãҸ㻻һݽϵ񸫵ݵݺ֮ǰ 
ݺ֮ӹϲָŹ񸫡һ͡ 
治ͷĿȻͬ졣 
ԼǧıѳΪ˵оһʧᡣ 
ʯء 
ʲôʯ ݺ̧֮ͷؿɫѿʼ׵ĳ㡣 
㲻ҪӾͲţȻҪҵʯֻԼѾ챻ˡŲ֪ͷ治ǹˣ 
˵ʯ ݺ֮ȫںŭ˿˵š 
㡣Ҳ˲ôˣֱݺ֮ȥ 
侲㡱߸һס㡣Ҳ塣 
ʲô壬ƭҵ񸫡ҲʶԼ̫嶯Щֹͣﻹǲ䡣 
ݺ֮εؿ˳һۣתͷЩ͵ؿ߸ 
˵ʯܸģҲþõ˵ġʯֻܰ㿪֮ţܷõ͵ÿǵıˡ 
лɡ߸һϡ 
лͲˣһﻻһܹƽĽס 
ǲŹƽɡʱⲻҪֹ䡣 
Ŀ˽񲻽ʵ 
ͷΪʲôҪõأ֪ޡ 
˵꣬ͱݺֱ֮شϡ 
ѣѵôңȻҵɡ 
ͷʲô˼ʲôв㰡 ҲƢ 
ѵ㲻ΪʲôҪõ𣿡 
ѵȻ 
ݺ֮Цŵͷ治ദѣôһס 
СӣԴ³嶯ӡŵûȱ㵹һѡôȥеΰԾ͸øѵ 
޻˺ǡ ⲻЩǡ 
ضˣôȥԺĽѣʯһͻǰδеѣʱ¡ ݺ֮̾˿ 
ˣҲˣһоͽǰɡ Ҳ̾˿ 
ǰͷˣҲϢˡ 
һЦ˻ѹصͻȻоǰδеС



ʮ ⿪

       ̫һȼŵĻһֽΪҽͷ 
warting barһǰʱ侲ͻȻƲѵҲЩæһǳϢ 
һȥˣ̫ƻʱwarting barһعţһ˺󣬽ֹͣӪҵӹ⡣ 
ڹŵͬʱͻȻڴһ£ֻϵıϴθˡ 
ȪˣȻıѾ˸ţƻ̲סһ䡣 
ҡҡͷһʯͷѹţ쳣 
ѾԽԽˣǾͿƲסˡ 
һʱ䣬˭Ҳû˵Ϊ֪˵ٶҲ⣬ֻԼӿ塣 
ûˣھưôһԲĴε̾˿ɵת˸⡣ 
˵Щ֣⼸ⷴˡҲЩο 
ǿЦЦûʲô 
һԵȮ̲ס˸һۣʲôʱˣĻһѳƱûʶ 
ιʲô鰡еɫʵ鱻Ȯһ׶ʱ˾Ӻڰ硣 
ҲǾû˼Ÿտؽˣwarting bar½ƽ 
ĵƹԽԽϵҲûΪĺƽٶӰ졣 
Ů֪ޣȳͥҲˡ 
˭ѽûֹͣӪҵӡЩŭشţڿκ˫۲ŵصţҲչ¶ĵ΢Ц 
ʥĸ 
ŸĽʥĸ̤ưɡ 
Ҳһл̧ͷڿʥĸһĨ滹һ˿ԼҲоϲáʥĸһ㣬漴ĵӭȥ 
㡱 
󿴵һϲãȻֻһɲȴһը硣 
硱ֻԼҲЩ 
ֻǾؿʥĸһۣչ¶һ΢Ц 
ݺ󣬻ûʥĸ£ͽʡ 
㣿 
ʥĸ΢Ц𰽺֣ϾһЩ˵һ顣 
˵̹ǰ񣿡 
Ͼ˵ġ 
Ϊʲôǽʬأ˵ӦҲɵѽɻüͷ 
ҲΪмһЩʲô״ɡʥĸ˵ֻҪ֪ǲǵ˲ˣ 
һһͻȻ 
ʥĸһתͷ 
ֻվſڣϿκα顣 
ꯡ 
硱 
ǿһ΢΢һЦɫ˵ڻܿ϶˵ǲǵˣΪ̫޷͡˵ҸղҲˣΪʲôҪң֪֪Σա˵ţвԾһĨϧ 
硱ʥĸһ죬ֵ˵ǵĻ 
һ㣬رʥĸ΢΢ 
۽һжؿǰһӵáһʱ䣬ȻûҲûᣬ֪ڵģڵΨһáȻû˼䣬ֻصĳȴûĥĵǣңû׶ϼǧѪ֮顣 
ᣬһۣ΢ЦϷš 
֪˷վڷǰ˷紵ɢĳ̧ͷһ¡ 
֪϶ʲôǷҲͬԼһ϶ʼŻӲȥǸ⡣رǴ뿪Լ뿪Ҳ 
϶һֱڹ㺮ʥĸߵǰ 
𣿡ãųʡ 
Լʱ뿪龰һʱ䣬ʥĸ֪˵ʲô 
𣿡عͷؿʥĸʹ࣬Σ 
ûйֹ㣬˭ûйֹ㡣ʥĸЩ۵İЦ˵ûɵá 
Ϊ϶ͲԴڹ㺮Ҳѹˡ˵ﰽҲЩˡ 
һǿôҲˣʥĸۿҲʼˡ 
㣬֪ܾ˱϶Ŀ֡ÿһģֵʱǻ϶Ȼȥ龰ôҲӲȥ 
ǵģðԼġ㲻ҪҲҪ̫ࡣ϶߿Ҳϣÿ֣ǧܹ֪𡣰˽ģҵΪ˰ϧ硣ʥĸԽ˵ԽͣԼҲ 
㡱Щǵغ 
û¡ʥĸҡҡͷʾⰽ첻Ҫġ 
ãһѡ񣿡ʥĸͻȻʵ 
һ·ԺΣҾڡ˵󣬰˫˸żᶨĹâ 
ҲǣҴӲҵѡ񣬼ʹһʥĸ΢΢һЦͷſе£Ҳ˲𣿼ʹ֪ǻ棬һ޷ˡ 



ʮ ʥĸ

       Ȫ 
ȪĶǰվ˺̵ܶ࣬ȪտˮʹðŰݡ 
ôˣëǽüͷ 
ãΧ󡱸Ͻ 
ΧˣҿҲҪæˣŵˡȮЩܲ˵طۡ 
Ȯ 
ǵһȣȮͷԹԵر졣 
ʼɡǿʥĸ˵ 
ǣ㡣ʥĸͻȻԥѾۻĻУǿÿھ߶Ҳᷢʲô¡οڵĶѾû˷壬ܷġ 
û£ҪġŲݿܵļᶨ 
⡣ǡʥĸЩΪѵؽĿ͸򰽺죬֪ԶĹĳ̶ȾԲöı⡣ 
㣬ھɡ˵֪Ҫ 
ãʥĸŵŰ졣 
ꯣһûµġԸɣܷʲôҶߣ¶ġֽţʵº¡֪һ˵£ͺȥı䣬Ҳı䡣ֻһֱţֱҪΪֹ 
ǲû˵ʲôֻرŰ죬ӵ˵ĸм۵սЩ֣ر˫ۣٶʱ俢ȡ˸ղŵᡣ 
طſ죬ߵȪߡ 
ʼɡ 
ʥĸһߵԶĵطͣ¡ 
ſھƿʼȪӳ̹⣬̹ԽԽԽԽڴΪ֮ʣͻȻˡҲص¡ 
硱 
ꯡ 
ˡ 
ǡ 
 
һӰס˵µǡ 
Ҳǵز鿴ǵʥĸֻһƬհףǧǰһĻ³Ժ 
һǵϣЩ˫ۣӳһ˫ۡ 
ޣû¡ǿķڵˣ̧ҪΪȥ۽ǵˮ켱æץסǵ֣ˡ 
磬û°ɡʥĸһ˫ۣǵʡ 
û¡Щվǿؼһ΢Ц 
ûʲô󰭣ŷһϸߵġ 
Ȫɣû˿ĸı䡣ƶƽϢ˿ѵֻصȴȪı 
Ȫôˣ׼ظ֮ʣһŮͻȻڡ 
 
ʥĸ 
ЩӭȥûǺŮӾʥĸǰսһʧʥĸ 
ʥĸһĵĮЦӯӯؿŴ 
겻㳤ˡʥĸ⸴ͷЦ 
Ҫѯʣȴʥĸֹˡ 
壬Ȫˣ 
彫ʱȪʥĸ˵һ飬ȻҲ˸ղŵΡ 
ƶû취ôȥزҵİ취һﾪˣ뵽ǰزµĵزѽôˣȥ˵žʧˡ 
磬ȵֱ̫գ·ߵҶҲأš 
ҵʥĸ֮ҳʥĸվڰ̨Ȥžơһÿǰһʥĸ֮ᡣ 
ĲᣬԺȡȮ񿴶ҩһؿǰľƱʥĸЩƵѡ 
Ÿ£ȮһЦضӺܲˣһҪѲʥĸζ 
ôεĲˣȵؽ 
Ȼľͬëǽڵ 
ëǵĴȤʥĸֻ΢΢һЦתͷһۣơ 
ʱһɫĶ߽ 
ƴ磬ôȥˣףõʲôȥȴɵض㿪Щˤڵϡ 
ҲḴֱߵǰ 
飬̫ȣƵЩŵؽŵϡ 
ӴɫһĴĶʱҲ˵˽⣬ӦһѰı 
ӹؿŲƣҵ𰸡 
ˣƵľһ֪ȣҲһֱҵĶֱ500ǰһżĻᣬһȺħõʯȴȥлὫ⼸ǰ͵ 
￪пյοѾˣЩκβҡ˵꣬תǵߡꯣˣáǿڣͽС 
Щؿѻصλϵ飬ٿϵ 
Ʋ֪Լʲôܣղŵϲþˮ˴󺣣˲ȥ 
Ȱɣǿߵİ죬˵ 
ҡĪ͵Լϵ첻֪Ǻá 
û£֮Ҳǿ˰Ĺ뵣ǣǳͷЦ 
ɫ˲쳣ѿһ˫ɱڵضŰ졣 
һӽסˣЩ¡ 
ôҵʥĸġǸת⣬ƽ֡ 
ǵǴǴδĶ𣿡 
ɫ 
ǵģǰģ˻ˣû뵽ǵһ۾ϳˡʥĸ 
ԭ˽ٳסʥĸҪвҷȪӳˡǣʥĸ֡ 
ǳ󣬾wairting barǶڣ֪ȥ˵Ȫͼظ˹ȥ 
ǡڣȴˡ 
壬ˣʥĸЩʡ 
ԵǶꯡؿһۣǵõز뿪ʱһٵԼǱ̫࣬ڡ 



ʮ Ե

       ظ  
ľһʱ䲻Ҫôʹ𸴵ġһ˵ 
ľˣ˾ͱˣѵЩƤ˵ 
Ե˾Լʱ˵һ仰Ե˱ңԼһĵεΡҪһȥس׸ıһ˭Ҳ֪ǻǺûǻҪĿǡǵõشԸȥʱܡԼʲôҲ֪ĲʹϧȥԥΪΣҪеġ 
⺢ӡҲ͡ 
硱ʥĸؿǣžӨỨ 
ãҪޡѵ㲻̧ȥϵᡣתȮ 
ˡȮѹؽůϡ΢΢һüźۼؽֳǵظȮЩҵͷ 
ꯡ첻֪Լ˵ʲôǧ˿̻ĶӡòײŽԼĿ춨񡣡ҵ㣡 
֣ȴǵĶʱůȫ˲˼ 
˵ĿУ߽ţװȥš 
ֱصعϣȫ˳ȥƵģʹһ 
ãû°ɣʥĸһѷס죬ǵʵ 
ҡҡͷ۾ؿȽŵšȥſ龰Ҳ뵱һУǲ׷Ѱǵ¹⣬ǲǡ 
ʹԼҪȥ룬ȴʹתһһϡ 
 
ﻯֿ䣬ÿһ䶼Ϊһ޷Ļ䡣 
ӺģֲָоμʣãƯ 
ͻȻһǱܵرۡٶʱǰѳһ޴Ļһд֣꯵һ 
ûü룬ĻѾʼ˱仯Ļһ޴УٵתɢһǿǱܵطͻȻʱĶ 
ʱҪߡ 
ţ˷ǹԼߡǱĻ˲ָֻԭģһƬ 
ٶʱԼѾͣһƬĲƺϣ̵Ĳݣ޵Ļķ硣ܰϢ 
Щܵرۣη紵ԼϡѾþûܵĿˣҲѾþûɹˡ 
磬ȵҰһͯɵĽк͵ۡ 
һСŮسԼ 
ҲˣСŮһԵڵϿЦ߹ȥ֪ΪʲôСŮԼȴŹĪϰУúõرκεί 
Сã𣿡ǶСŮǰʵ 
СŮȴûпһšεЦЦ뽫СŮŷԼȴһʲôôҲӽ 
뻭ԾǴ硣޷㣬Ҳ޷ıһЩ¡ 
ĻŷԼǴڲͬ硣ţЩεЦЦջһ˫ڿе֡ 
ãôˣһӰһȵͣСŮǰ 
ſˣһԼ߰ҵк۵ĵСϴ˿д˽뵣ǡ 
硱СŮĵ˵кĻ 
кĺڵĿʼɫ͵Ĺâ 
ڵأȥɡкǵŮͷ˵ 
áСŮͷ˰죬ЩԸصͷ 
Լ𣿿ѾԶȥˣЩɻ 
䡱һоҲʼѡ 
Щȵվô£˻ǻɽˣ 
һŷԼվĵطѳ롣ھ֮ʱ鴫һҵĽк硣 
ѰȥϵǸղڲƺϿǸСк 
˿СŮţžӨỨ 
꯶չ˺áմһ漴ָֻƽ 
кֱСкţҪ׷Ѱǵȥ 
֪˶ãҲ֪ܹ˼ɽ 
磬ҶСŮһлʱûܵСѹ͵ͣ½Ų 
СŮһռĨĨʡ 
磬ʲôʱؼҰ 
С꯵һԼΨһŬһЩɬЦ 
ԣǻҵġ 
𣿡С˷̧ܵͷŶ硣 
Ȼģ㱣֤С꯵¶ޱȵļᶨһĨ䲻Ĳɣ 
˭С⣬ķǣѹ˺ܾõһһεص 
һġֻǴ 
ǿſСꯣҲǦһء߹ȥڻǻǲһˡӦúϣõ˵İοɣϾһŰĺӡıʣĿأ 
һ죬Ǿۡ 
ӳǣһƬĲݵأĵ⡣ʱһͬʱоĲܰǵѪʹ 
̧ȥһȫͨ׵ŮӣݵϣƮȫ 
ΪʲôôϰŮеΪʲô𶯡ͻȻۡ 
ǸξʮգʮաЩŵ̧ͷʮ̫ȵĹ⣬տٵת 
ǲ֪ԼΪʲôô£ô־塣һǸʵξ 
Ůʧʮ£Լȴֻؿšú޺úޣΪʲôܰʲôæΪʲôܸıʲô 
ʱһ 
ûͷҲ֪˭ʱԼɳߣħĶһδεصһδεһеһֻΪ죬ȳĸףڡʵ޷ȥ 
һǳһģһӣضŮʧĵطѪ˫ۺĺޣŭˣʹ 
ҪѪծѪ۹ؿ죬еǹʮȥ 
ꯡҲǷڲͬ磬ԼĽлģ׷ѰʮնȥꯣҲԾȥ 



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       ʧȥĸ׵ʹ࣬꯲ûе»Ǽǿվһ·ȻԼҲԼİο붣ϣܲ룬ϾҲԼ 
ǿǰߴطź⣬ýӽ˲ɵȫ 
˷սʮ˵ʥӦһĽ£ȴ㿪ģֻÿǵͬɫѡ˻ص཭ڣһǼǧꡣԼȫ鶼˿ѵİգֻڱ˵ЦŵõЩĿ֡ 
ֱ˰ǰմͥշйűͥΪ˾ֱʥĸŮ洵ĵӣȻҲĸ׵·Ϊ˱ȫǣ꯺Ľİѹڻɽ¡ 
˶ΪΪȨΪ˾λáֻһ·ֻ֪ܾãĸ׵ʹࡣؼ侹ûһ˶ǧǵ¹Ҳмϡ 
ʱ꯴Ҵҵ߽д뵣ǡ˵ʵڵģǧˣĸʮСʧû˽ı飬֪ñ˼Ҳû˽ţǸˣ̲סҲ˽ȥ 
ĹҪסһΪһ 
ĹǰΪǴһռ䣬µǵûʲôãܿǰֻͷ󺹣ǡǰĨֵĺӰص꯵Ļ 
Ǹо﷭һζ뽫뿪꯵Ļ˫ôҲǵǷˣֻεվһԣŭؿŵˡ 
ϲ꯲𣿿ѵ֪ǣҵʼĨɫΪʲôҪɵճյһԼˡһʱԼ꯵ʵ 
һסңİ쿴ǰ١üĿǳȴʹѡǵõ꯸ʱûһ˿һĻɣˡǵãʱһ㣬Щؿһλİ졣ʯ㾧ɻ󣬸мһ˿㺡 
ϵİ죬ǵĸʹҲů 
Ϊʲôǲǳʲô£㲻ôɣ˿ûע⵽仹˵İ죬ǵؿŽŵš 
ôô𣿡ĵʣҲǷõ 
죬ôˣô겻ģֻûѣ¸أ˼ˣս񣬲µġԾ˿֪Ա߻һΪѹΪˣΪʹ 
ĿҲŵţȻ֪ΪʲôûлΪѾûзˣڱĴ׷ɱȴΪֻվΪ 
һ֪ûнİΪʲôҪȥֺγǣ֪ꯣһ޷˵صȥˡȻ֪ԼǰϾԼҲǰԵʣأ֪϶ܰǰˣôҡҪ˵ǲǰ޷šֻ룬ԼоȻԼǰ˵ж໬ж໬ 
ɽΡͦţ˿Ϊǰĳҡ֡ 
ꯣҪΪȥ󺦡ͷ׺ݵؿꯡ 
Գ۵ɱ⣬ֻοЦЦ 
ǲû˵ʲôֻǾؿǰһС֪ҪֻһиѾ̫࣬޷ȥܡ 
һ⻮꯵ˡʧȥĸҲµڽΪõˡǵľǧأ֪ΪϧΪο 
꯵Ŀ⴩ˣǵϣǣһĨĵ΢Цǵһ㣬΢ЦѾþûˣԴĸױץߣҲǴ棬Ц΢Цˡ 
ؿϵ񸫣ŵؿŵڵϵꯣһʧ䡣 
һӰǰ 
㣿 
ĸ 
㾪ȵؽ 
ݺݵصһۣʹҡû֪ꯡǿӣҲʹһεεµᣬǴϣȥȥ۽ǵˮƽеʹܣΪǴڲͬʱգ֪Ĵڣʲô顣 
һ˵ģǿŴｫ꯵Ļǣȡ500һ 
꯵ĻǷúúֻǰһ룬ǰһƬڰٶʱһط 
ǰľɫɫСݣԭҰͻȻоһĪϰСˣ800ǰ 
ͻȻǰһˣһϰˣ˹ȥ 
ͷ磬û°ɡһеʺǵ͵һ٣ȻǵԼûǴĻС2004Ǵܽ 
ǣģû¡ͷʹοǵļ硣 
վӵؿǰˡ 
֪Ů忪ʥĸµңʵǲʲôңһجεĿʼ̹ŷӡȥղƾͻɽʬҧˡҲһƬңΪһʬ硣 
Ҳ޷ǣĵսбɽʬԼҲǱҧڳΪʬҪͷɱԼӴڵظ 
Լ۾ڼͷĻʱһ˵ĸо֪һսʤʬҲ֪ղƽսʤڵĽʬָǰǶȹѹءҲ֪ͷᱻС2004꣬Ҳټֻ£ûпڰ޳ԼĻǣһ⽫Լظ֪ǵǵزģԼǰûиزʲô飬ΪʲôһǣԼԺ󻹶ԼôãԴԼĶһ㡣м500꣬˵ԼĻ嶼ʧˣΪʲô500ˡΪʲôǵǰ£û˷ԼģӶ˻벻Ȼ 
ĻָֻһƬǳճյվĻǰŸղżĵεΡǧٸʺųһ˺ɻԽˣҲᶨǰľ 
֪վ˶ãͻȻ뵽滹ڵˡ֪ȥ˶ãǷѾ˺ܾã 
ꯣҵ㡱ͻȻʱĻ 
ꯣҡĺС 
˦˦ͷ뽫Եĳȫ˦ 



ʮ 

       ݺ  
㿴ʯָǰ澪ȵؽ 
˳ָķȥֻһ±ǽһɫĹ⣬ñҲʼЩ 
һ¡߸סҪȥġ 
ͻȻסıֱ˦ȴڿ߸Ҳž 
ôˣǡû£һֻͨѩ׵ľ޳ǰ 
վʯǰؿǣʱҪ˹Ƶġ 
ô죿ضžʵ 
ӦþǴ˵ػʯޡ߸۳˵ػʯǲȥǲ˺ǵġ 
ô죿Ǿʯİнüͷ񸫱ͷߣôᱻһСС޸סأ 
Сǵˮ񹲹Ŀ۳˵ 
ܾܲ۵С۰ɣյ˵ 
Ȼǡ˵꣬ľ͵س嵽޸ǰ 
ġ 
߸㻹ûüӦľͱ޸˻ϿסЩĲȵģǵز鿴Ƿˣȴĸˡ 
һЩŭˣ쳤һ͵س 
Сģۿ޾Ҫײˡ˲İΣƿԼȴȵس޵һ 
㡱 
߸ɿرȥطڵϵĳ㡣 
ĳԾؿų㣬Ÿղŷ¡ǳڵµľԼڹԼǲԼأԼ˵ĿģҪȳĸĸܸĴۡ 
û°ɣûУʹǰĵɫĶˡ 
û¡Ĳͷػӻ֣ΪʲôҪôңΪʲôҲСأ㻹֪֪Ҳѣǣʹغ뺰ΣĿ־塣 
ι㡣һԵ߸ʵе㿴ȥ̲סָȴס 
β죬Щεؿվʯǰޡ 
߸Щƣؿ㣬۾ȴεضŵǷޡѼǲȥٴΣȴһذ顣Һ޲ûһȥǱˡ 
Ϣ˰죬Ӧÿ˰ɣ߸תҧҧסʹǬȦҪٶɱȥ 
һ¡һֱûսĳһס߸ 
㣬㲻ܡ 
ҲҪȥƴЦҡҡͷڿ߸һɻ󣬽˵ҸղŹ۲˺ܾã޵֡ 
֣ 
ûֻɫʣǻһͬʯƵĶһ߸ҲŻȻѹÿιǺվΪʲôеأԭ 
ԡ߸һʯڵıȥ˲չʱסʯ΢ĺ⡣ 
޸ťͷǽûԭӦеĺһ󾪻š˫צҪǽץȥ 
˵ʱʱ죬߸ֽ仯һʯСȥ 
˫צҪǽ֮ʣȼŻķǰһһתͷ׷ȥ 
ѳɹؽ߸еǬȦǽ˲䣬ǵıǽʧʯ³ǰ 
˾ϲ֮ʣһӰʯѰȻĵС 
ģ㲻ŵؿʯ׼뿪ġ 
ԲʯҺҪұõ˳һۣת뿪 
ߡ߸һǰ 
㲻Ҫҳ֡ؿȥ·߸Ҳɱǡ 
ٷϻҪʯɱҡ߸Ҳײ 
ǾͱԹҡ˵꣬ķԾУһס¶ż۾ҲɫͷҲһϹ⡣ 
ģ߸㶼һͬʱȵ˫ۡ 
ǽʬ߸ŵؿġѹܾйħԭǽʬεǺð˵߸ˡ 
ʵԲ֪ģֻǡɫ˫漴ֱϬ 
Ǻãְɡ˵꣬߸ǹݺݵش̹ȥ 
㽹ؿŴսˣĵûӦۿ߸ֳһƣҪȥµ𣿳ʹ 
˵߸ܵסװĹһСıĵƷɨ÷˳ȥ 
߸һ˿߸ȴ̫һͬˤ¡ 
㡣߸ҪץסǣȴֻץһſԲҲǹģԲ𡣡 
ȥ۽һᣬ׵һۣʯתȥ



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       waiting bar 
ҹûҲûճһƬڰֻгеĵƻ˸ҫһء 
գûɫաһ·ҲƳ˹ȥ޷γ 
վſھؿյǣѾСʱˣһͷԴӻݳüͷһֱûչ˵Ļع⾵صȥһͬĵΡˣһˣô׷ǵ¹𣿶Լأǲո˻Լ磿ȥȴôҲƲŲ 
˾վţҲ֪˶áͻȻתͷſվŵİ첢ûиеȣͺ֪ 
㰮𣿡ߵʱʡ 
һʱӦۡ𣬻ǲþˣ 
㰮𣿡ٴһ顣 
ҡע£ϷһϼߵصͷǾţûнĿƿҲûеתͷ 
˺һǿѹ﷭˳ٶ̧ۣؿǼᶨصͷ 
˫˲һƬڰ컹ûüʱͽӵڻصر˫ۡ 
첻ŵؿűԼǣΪļζ뿪ľǣΪʲôѵûмҲĺϣԶҪԶԼߣ˽ϣ֣ҸԼغԸȥѰңȻĻʹ 
𣿡췢ԼҲڷ 
صͷ챧øˡ 
㡣ϲ϶𣿡Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪôʣѾʳˣ˵Ļóˮֻþصȴ˵档 
͵ؽƿ˫ַļϣؿµİ챻ͻȻļƸһһʱҲֻؿ 
ڻҿ꯵һ߹ĿҲĿ࣬ʹĺޣԹңȻͬһˣȻҲҵѾûĸ顣˵ţ̾˿˵ڹȥڡҲʱ䲻ͬɣľҲг롣 
쾲ţþã̧ʵ˫ۡ 
ȻˡЦͷҺԼĸ飬Ҳ֪ԼҪʲô㲻ٻˡ˵ŻСض졣 
Ժٻˡᣬ̧ͷǵģʱסЦ 
ЦˣҲŸһĨοЦ⡣ǵúþûЦ˸ȥЦҪȥزˣҲֻ֪һ龰 
ƾ·ϣ·Ϸɳ۶ĳѾҹˣδ˻ôĶࡣĵ˲ֹһΪԼǣΪʲô컹ҪԼΪʲôΪʲôΪ̹ˣΪʲô᲻ǵǵĳŵǵĸ顣 
֪һƬߵĲݵϣƿܣ֪waiting barԶһС԰û˳ӵоҲ泩˲١ 
ͻȻһƾվ׷ȥһŴܵǰʧˣһԭһǹƾԼĶȼˣȻʶǹΪǹ˼ĺ׷ҹ档ǹǹϲСǹ 
ڲƵֿӴǹʱһɾιǹһӰС 
磬ڻˣ˶𣿡ӰظǹǹȴƵصػ 
 
Ӱл͵תͷݺݵؿŲơ˵˵һҲʲô 
˵õĲСǹ𣿡ĮƸоĶˣΪʲôԸϣΪʲôװʶԼΪʲô 
ǹʲôСǹߵսȭͷֻǱŮ˲óôǵ֡૵˵š 
ȻСΪʬĲȴһǵģûǣǵãȻô֪ء 
֪Ϊʲôװʶңǲʲôԣ 
¶һĨ̵ЦиεģղƱԹңԼҪƵġ 
ǲư˵Ҫ޵ģ㶼ǵ𣿡 
˵ģң飬Ǻ飬̹顣Ҹ㣬Ұսꯡ 
ļ仰Բ˵ò͹˵Ĺֺαزɢ˼ҡ 
ɢ˼ңӲںֻ֪Ұǧ꣬ǧ갡ǸĹʲôʸᲢۡ 
Ĳ㣬֪⻰ģΪʲôҪִԲΪʲôӣ 
𣿡ɫ˱䣬³֣ת뿪 
һᰮҵġ߳ԶͻȻתؿŲƣ˵ 
Ŀ뿪ֱƲջĿ⡣ղĮᶨĿһڸݺݵشϣΪʲôΪʲôҪŪˣͷʲ죬ȴϻش 
Ҳ֪ǲش𣬲֪ļҵͻȻƮһ 
õĽ֣Ϊһ㡣 
ʱıǣ˵طҲ޷ʧȥ㡣 
ĵļΪλҪѵҾҵһҵעǲˡ 
ΪȴһʼεڣҲͬòܡʲô֤δһˣҪô̲֤档 
ƾڲݵϣš֪ʧﻹǳԼƮϸҲ졣 



ڶʮ Ȫ

        
ҲΪزԵʣǴڵظȴ͸¶˿˿ů⡣ôˣԾ 
ǿʼɡ忴վԼǰһ˵ 
ʼɡ˵ţǱֱֱۣվڵزķǰ 
ʾ£˿Զĵطվšعͷس˾ϣĬĵĽɫĲ֣ذǵĶϣз⣬㽫ֻƿ˲䣬һǿҵĽԷ˫ֱǵϡ 
ԡڽɫµǣһٲַ϶¡ۣĺڵĿڽ£ʯ⡣ 
ԽԽǿңյҲŽ⡣ʼ紦ڵһ㣬ڴΪǿʱͻȻֹͣˡһƬȻһд֣ 
 ֣սաȪˣ֮ 
ɻŨһϣʾʲô˼˿ÿһ˵ͷѰŴ𰸡wairing bar˵ĴڣֻڲϵһһΡ 
֣սգ૵š 
˵ǱƺͶ硱ʥĸһԲһۣӿ˵ 
ɱƲǲȪƽ𣿡ɻü 
ǰϴѾԹѽëҲͬһɻ 
ߵȮ̲ס죺϶ʾˡ 
ܡʥĸͬط 
ֻ˵˵ѡϬĿ⣬ȮԾͷЩί˵ 
زһǰز֮ǵõģǼϹ֪ȥʾδûȮ˵ 
ѽƽȪӦҪս뱦ƽһС֣սաҲ˵־ζ꯻ָսݣ 
˵û˼Ӧˡͷ 
ٿңﶼͬصͷ仰ϸϸĥҲӦˡ¶Цصͷԡ 
ҵķﶼɵøȮҲĵؽͷǵϣȴǸһƿȮί̧ͷ۵׵ʱһۣЦҲɲؽϡ 
Ȫˣ֮૵һ䣬ܾʲôԾΪʲôƽأ֮й𣿶֮ڶǧΪʲôû˵ 
ĹͬҵĿ鿴һֱüͷİ죬̲סơ 
쾪̧ۣһ˫˫ɻֻ̽ۡǾЩԾ 
ʲôԾĹ˵ʥĸ 
Ǵ˿ҲŰ죬仰ҲòףҲòô򵥣ȴ֡ѵĹҲ 
Ȫˣ֮ΪʲôҪ˵˶ƽϢأĹɤ˵ 
ĪĹϷ̵Ц 
Ϊʲô˵Ȫˣ֮ڶǧû˵ж֮طҲļЦ˵ 
Ĺ˼أָƽϢȪأ 
ļεҡҡͷʼղԼλ̹ӣΪʲôоԼйƽĵ⡣ 
ӲĻǷ׵ֻǵɻ󣬽˶ѡһֱûзԵǣʵܲͱˣ˵ 
㡣Ĵ֮ͥӣʵ£뷢飬ڿĺһĿǰǲҪַĺãű㽫ڵĻǿȥ漴¶һ۵Ц 
û˵ʲôؽת 
ûǳصѹȸУ͵͵һ꯱ˣԽԽ䣬ھ￴ 
Ȼ벻İ취ҲֻˡȪѾ̲ݻˣһЩƲסܵ˼ˡٲȪƽϢ罫һѡ岻޵ǵ˵ţǲأǵˣӦ 
ֻҪһϣӦ÷Źǵͷᶨ˵ 
оЩὫԼģ¾׵ϸһĨοЦ˫չ 
ڿ쵽ʱͻȻͣˡ̫ʵ˫ۣ̽ͷԵøϵҶҲ£Ŵ۵Ĺ⡣ 
磬ģһȪǰջֻСΧ𵴵Ȫ˿һտˮȪһɫǹ졣 
żѾˣһһǸɻǿ־塣 
һûٴһϲ̧ܵȮ˿Ҳŵؿž𵴵Ȫ 
ղŵһңȪ8Ҫˡʹر˱ۣղȥޱչصĶڣֵվȪº󣬱صصڵϣ˺þòϵĶţһϯҲ֪ʲôʱٳҲһǧҲһ꣬Ҳ 
塱 
建˫ۣӳһ˫˫ǵۡû£ʼɡŬؼһ΢Цɵ˵ 
ꯣңὫԪķӡ򿪡ʥĸ˵űͬΧһȦΧм䡣 
ǵͷ˫ۡ 
˽ϣγһ߲ʵĹȦصذס 
죬ʥĸٻơʥĸ 
վǰʥĸ˹ȦеһۣۣĬĬſھ 
ͻȻ߲ʵĹȦ͵ѣҲϷǿˤԶ 
ķվ˵ 
㣬û°ɡʥĸǵʡ 
û¡ʥĸҡҡͷɫǿǡ鵹ڵϣһŸϿ챼ǰҪȴ˦ 
ʱǣͨ巢һ⡣ڽҫ£ű仯˻ʱѾƮľɫףɫĳۡ 
һ仯оȣ޴롣 
硣ʥĸץ֣þˣþûм˾ӡʱҲ˵ʲôоֻ֪ĶڲһƬհף֪βκȥ˼ 
˵侲ȮԵø˵㡣Щҵͷ˿̸ңһ˫ôʹðˮ˹һֻ 
ؽȪϿգĶ䷢һǿҵĽ⣬ֱȪ˲̹ʧˣҲʧˣҲ˵ϡ 
ꯡ 
硱 
 
ǡ 
 
ĵطϵǣһһεǵϡȪѾƽϢˣȴʼղ 
ãҪѹˣûµġʥĸᰲοĲѵİ죬ǰôѶ綼ͦˣҲµģһµġ 
ǿŲƵһкȪߡֻȪ˿ȴһտյĶѨ 
ôɻǰյĶѨȪƽϢȪӦûڰôͻȻأȥôʧģ 
ͻȻһȵͣǵߡ 
ǹʥĸϲؿͨ巢źǹǹҲָ֪˲Ѱ 
ǹʥĸĽлһɵУһīڵȣǵߡ 



ڶʮһ Ƴ

       ֮ 
ʯͣڵظϵ֮ģ㷢ĵطʯɢسڵϣһо졣ɳֻԼһƬʪ󣬴ݺ֮ĵ·ϣجһһֱˣ᲻£ΪʲôԼѹģǧٸʺˮӿǵԴеģ塣 
һƬʯģָ£ԽԽʯӲֽǴģҲֻҵ˲Լĳǵʹ 
֪˶ãţ˺ԼһϣģʪʪġˣһƬ죬ٿǰĽ硣ôĿģΣĸĸ˫˲Ҳš 
վߵǰһɹģְ֣һȳǵģһᡣŽǱߣһһﺰš 
ĺԥߵʯԣĬһسиʯСĶѨϲ߹ȥеʯڶѨСǶѨרΪʯ׼ģиպǺϣһ϶ 
ͻȻʯʼҫ۵ĺ⣬ʱ֮ҲһƬҲʼתԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ 
žһ죬ˡһǿϮӦıˤɶԶ 
סʹѵؿѾƿһ󶴵Ľ硣 
һʵһɰɫľȵ۾һգգؿһŰ 
ɫԽԽԽԽߡڸߵʮ׶ʱͻȻֹͣͣɢԼɼһˣԽԽ 
ʱһԻδƵĽϣʼһЩӰһʱ븸ĸ龰 
ְ֣衣૵ؽţѾˮĵ˫ۣ˿̽ضŽϵĻ棬˿ûиоеӰѾԽߴ 
裿̧ɻؿһǵ裬мһֱֵúֹۣȻ̤ҲһüΪаְְţ 
ǽ죬ȴǽ˫üƽЦҲʼǳ龰ҲԾʼץĸ׵Ҳʼð亹 
ģҲˣЩҲòˡС᲻ĵͷʹرۡ 
СᡱһԵӵķСᣬϧ˫֡ 
ְ֡һ侲İְִ˿ʧ̬Ҳ侲ˡ׷ʲô£һǿֹ۵İְ֣ѹˡ 
ģҪһ£áӳصرۣ̾˿òؿԼΨһŮ 
һ㣬࣬ĸףصصͷ 
ӣĻôСңҡ˵˵ţСᾹſӵļϿ 
۵ؿӣο֡תͷģᶨ˸Եʹ 
ʥĸһսУˣΪ˽Զߡ˽ҧ֪ҵѪ񣬿һˡ˵ţʹرۡ 
ӡСɷ֣΢΢һЦǧﾡڲС 
𾪵ؿ໥ֵĸĸû˵һֱ趼ڼظԼ£Լ֡ǴųȹϲǮϲЦΪһֱúܿģҸڲ֪ԭŬԼ֣Լʹ 
طӵ֣ЦЦ˵ճϣҸ̹ʥءǾȻ裬Ǿס̹ʥءΪһֱȥǡӶ˶ٽ˵ǣǰĶַˡҵʯ֮ĵĽڴƽ磬ýȻСᡣͻᡣͻᡣ˵ʹ˵ȥˡ 
ȥʯĽ˵ 
ʯǼؼϹ֮һο鱻ݺУݺǽʬֵģֻ㣬ħǲܽС 
ְȥɣһûʯȻġĲᣬᶨؿŸס 
ǺðɣӣҪСĵ㣬סݺ֮ƢܹŹֻ֣ȡػʯޣҪǿǵĴ֮һˮ񹲹 
ǰְ豣أȥˡ˵ű̧ߡ 
ģ̹ʥȥǰһסߵġ 
ģҵŮҪúչԼ治Ҫκˣ֪𣿡Сʹؽıڻš 
ʵصͷ 
ģ·ɡ˵ű㽫̹ʥУͣڰյʥһİ׹⣬ϡ 
ְټټְ֡衣ʹػ֣غţʧһƬ׹ 
׹ʧʥҲʥϸһĨЦһֱӻС˿Ҳվˣؿʧķ 
ſڵϵĿ续ϣְ贽ߵЦд̹ǵĺ˪ôԼģšؼǵԼʱ¶Ĺذְۡûʲôʾȴְ֪Ƕô᲻ôİģһġĵ̧ۣŽ硣ϣֵĻǰְЦ⣬Ŀ⡣ֻԼ綼תǲԼĸĸԲǣ˵ôһ£һ˲һƬհףҲߵӣһһδڵϡ 
еӰѾɼһɫ۵ӡ۽ţӢһǿӲҲӦϬд͸ɡ˿ţ鰲꣬ƮҲȫɢơ 



ڶʮ С

       ˭Ůôˣһ 
裬裬̧ͷĻϣȻ裬һŭĿһĮ̡ 
˭ŮأΪʲôҪǵкĿģСߵضŷڵС 
ڵСתͷſڷŭСᣬЦ 
治ҵŮˣôˡڵС˵תһ䣬һ׺ӵͷ 
㣿ӷŭս˫ȭ 
صͷʱһԡӡҲתһ䣬Ȼڽٳϡ 
𾪵Ž۾գҲգһ£ѵԼĲǰְ裿ڽλϣΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪԼȥȡʯأ 
ŮأСǿסĵĻʵ 
ˣѾˡ۽ǸһĨ̵Ц 
ǽŪˣСоԼˣûд˿ôߣôĹ 
ǲ֪ǱǵģȥģȻȥݺȡʯˡڽؿСЦ 
ΪʲôҪôǲɹģġĵغ 
Ŷ𣿵ʯһ磬̹峤ͻƷӡʱ˵Ҳ̹ŵˡڽ˫۷ڴĹ⡣ 
ΪʲôҪôһֱģ̹ıϣֵܿسϣֹ۵һСϣǵΪʲôΪʲôҪΪʲôС˺š 
СᣬһӦøлǣǵļƻǰʵ֡ЦСǰ 
ô뷴ѾǽʬݣҿɽʬҲˡһץסϮСᣬ˵ 
СᡣСᡣ㽫ôˣӽסصµСᣬĵؽš 
ûʲôֻ˯ᡱ˵꣬ӵǰӦĿҲŽС 
ˣǴط䡱һ仰ڽﳡȥ 
ְ֣衣˽ŵĸĸߣĺ޲ֱӳȥĸһȺħоȻءֻǽӡֵһӰôŬҲı߲˻ļ 
ڳˣһЦĴӱ˼Ҳʼع顣 
ЦУȫˡҲһɸǿҵˤԶΪˤøصȴһĻСһҪȴһϤ 
𶯣ˡ 
ЩŵؿűԼĳ㣬𣿻ԼΣԼʧɱҲˡһֱҳϵһȫӿ˳ҲʲôԼǷСˣֻҪߣһо㹻ˡ 
ű˵Ļؿ 
ôˣǲˣĿޣһʱ޴Ҫĵ˿ڡ 
û¡һȴֺŪʹģľ̲סͨһЦ 
ЦˣһϸߵҲڿԷˡ 
ôãĻǺʳ 
ݺ֮ǣһ黹񸫡֪͸Ÿˡû뵽ȴˡظĵĳЦ֪ΣҲ֪Ĳ̡Ҵûйֹ㣬֪һĿԡ 
㣬ҡ 
꣬˵ˣҶʹرġ 
ڳ㻳еģ˿ҲһƬů۾Լ飬ְֶһְ֣ǻףһһǼġ 
ιͲҪˣǸѾҪǻǿ߰ɡ߸˵ 
˻عˣȫŽ⣬۾Ҳǽɫġ 
ǿ߰ɣҸղŹȥˣķܸߣǾ֡߸һ˵һǼƶȥ 
߸ǲŸߣ֮ľͳһȺˡ 
ӭ峤ءӰ쳹֮ġ 
ۣû뵽ɣ˿˽µȺһۣЦĺƲɵ⵽ÿһ䡣 
ͥ 
̫ϾʥĸĻԽԽԾ 
ΪʲôͻȻʵ̹ˣ˵˾꯶֪ϻ̹ˡô֪ģ 
ǽΪʲôأһʥĸȻʹֻԼʱû̫⡣Ļ𣿿ʥĸӦ÷˺Ҫ¡ 
й̹˵ͥһֱһޣԴǰʧٺ۾˭Ҳ׼ѵѵ귢ʲô£ 
ǷʲôĻǻǲǡĴйأ뵽еĳҲʼȥĸˣϾͷŽƲʣ֪͵Ϣֵܻʱ 
 
ĸһ˿ţ漴ָֻˡʲô̹ˣҲ֪ 
̹ѾˣѾˡϾЩܲ˵ذװۣʲôʱ 
ʲôѾˣĸɫرףҲʼ־ţ־塣ܣܣ 
ĸ䷴ı֣Ͼӿ϶еɻѵķʲô£ 
̹˲Լ𣿡Ͼ϶˵ 
ĸؿϾþòһԣɣŭȻһεĳ̾ 
ͥйأϾʵ 
ĸĿͶԶĵصͷħսһǧ̹꣬ʩı۴Ĵ񣬷ħһǰȥǳսһ£̹ųϼ˱ӡ֮⡣ 
ͻȻһ죬ͥҲҡΡĸһʱվסڷϣʲô 
һָֻƽĸЩǱѾ䵹ķڡ 
ϾǿȥһŮŮĸǰ¡ 
֪ˡĸ˵ű㼲ȥ 



ڶʮ Ƕħ

       wairing bar 
Ѿȥɻš彫ظҲ֪ȪڵԹ֮ȥΨһЩοǣȪڽˣҲΣȴ֪һ 
û𣿡Ŵ¥ʥĸ 
ʥĸҡҡͷߵ̨ǰƱһھơѧ˺ȾƣѧþƾԼȻЩƶԼûʲôãԽͷԻԽǧǰٵСʱΪӡΪʲôΪʲôҪ߶磿ΪʲôѾˣΪʲôһλ᣿ΪʲôоԼĶˡ 
һһεڱҲȾɿɬ 
ˡëЩߵض¾ƱӦô 
ġվűߵͻȻ 
ʥĸתͷؿ飬мˮȪӿ¡ 
ꯣȥꯡͻȻ¥ϴ쾪ֵĺ 
˾㵵תͷȴȵվ¥ݿڡһϮµ˿̿Թ죬ġ 
硱 
ˡ 
ǣʥĸȮϲ׼ȥȴʥĸס 
ǿ۾ 
ŷԭϬĿѱһźƣģֽ綼ĳ 
⡣ʥĸǵؿϣܸԼ𰸡 
ꯡһӰվ¥ϣ۵ǡǰ찡㲻ʶ𣿡 
죿һ㣬ϤֺϤһǣңܹĵˡŬѰңѰйֵļ䡣 
ǵºͣǼǵԼģǼǵԼġһᣬҲ 
ڴҶΪת֮ʣһʹĽݰĻ롣 
ꯡʹһ˰Σܹȥסʹرͷǡ 
硱 
ˡ 
 
оԼ壬ǻط̧֣ͷҲһƬе˴ҳһŵעǵı顣 
СģĻû˵꣬ѱɡ 
á 
족 
Ĺ 
 
ʥĸס죬ʥĸС 
ãˣʥĸôҲû뵽Ķ԰֣Ĳ档ΪʲôΪʲôһȴǱһˣ顣 
ҡûû¡վȴʥٶסǵе䣬ҲеҶɪšǵǧǰǹļҲ䣬 
˿˫еīȣ͸ź⡣ǣ翴һȺСϣмεسǿϡ 
ͻȻһǹ壬ǹѳ˴ 
Сģ 
ǣʲô 
ˡ 
ˣȮ 
 
һʱ֮䣬ưҳһţֻƿˤһ£ۿҪʧȥˡʥĸ飬ղĹ£һڽڵذˡ 
ô죿סغ 
ʱһӰͻȻڷм䣬忴״͸һˤԶ 
塱һԵĸŵؽ 
屻ˤͬʱһɫĲƿڵȴûƣֻڹĹУƿǱˡɽɫƿƮǵϣʱеĺȥҲԡ 
һƽһһһ֣һ±һϡ 
Ȫ²ŸҪһ䣬ʧȥǣֺû˾ɱ 
һ⣬ּڰ̨ǰšϼ죬ǵȴ뽹ꡣžȻĲͬ 
壬ƿӻ𣿡ؿ塣 
εҡҡͷزֻһƿѾùˡ˵Щò 
һƬĬưɾģֻ͵͵̾Ϣ 
ѵûа취ô죬οǸͲ֪ʲôʱƵǵ˵ 
ǰκһħ£κһв 
Ļ˵˴ҵĿϡ꯵ķѾָˣе¡ 
¥ϴһŲ̧ͷһԭʥĸŰ¥ˡ 
ô𣿡͵ǰȥ 
ûСʥĸҡҡͷת˵ȥͥһˣϾ 
Ҳֻˡʥĸ˼ŵͷ 
ĿʥĸƶȥҲֻе̫ϾˡһһƬһŶ롣 
ôͻˡ˵̧ͷȴڿ˺һЩ־ˡ 
ĽҲôﶼעſڵǸǾǽʬʲô 
ЩЦؿŸŵı飬׼ڣȴڴʥĸɫͻر쳣ѿ 
ʱʥĸҲվؿŽû뵽㻹 
ߣʲôģֻǻվסˡ˵ 
Ŷ˽ʥĸһ㣬漴Ц 
ıܻѵһ죬Ϊ޷ꡱ˵ԱߵĿ˵ʥ˰ɡ 
һʥʲôʥ֮ܳΪʥľֻһˣѵ 
棬档һ𣬻룬мͳһˡϽɫսۣͷϽڣһ˫ɫ۾ͻͻգšǲʥ˭ 
ʥĸڼպɫһ䣬漴ָֻƽ 
ʥ쾪ϲܵǰԾꯡ 
Ĺ𰡡Ÿ˵꣬һµ̨ܵǰץһƾﵹ 
ʥæȾꯡĹҲ˲ǷʧһѶյľƱ 
׼ؾƱգ꯵ֺͣһǧûǸСӣǲû찡ԭԼҲóˡ 



ڶʮ ̹ı

       Ǻһ̬İֻԶ˼ʲôΧԱߵһ˵ȸӵĽ 
ˡȮʵܲա 
ȥ̸˵꣬㾶ֱſȥ 
˲Ҳֻøȥ 
ռ£ſڣСôˣ˺صֺûʲôˣһûôֵ¡ 
ʲô취𣿡ʡ 
տ˴һۣҡҡͷ벻취ǵϾ˵ɡ 
һʱ䣬һƬž紵Ŵ졣 
ٿǸͻȻĿͣڶĽϣղֻȥˣʥĸҲˡ 
ʱĽûΪӰ죬˼ؿʥĸ 
㡣һԵëҲо˽ʥĸĲѰʡ 
һ仰ǳ˻Ž̽ɻ 
ڶĿ£ˣĮĿߡ 
Ӧûǵ2000ǴŮսɡ 
䲻⽫Ϊʣȴǵ˵ͷôǣһսʧȥ㣬һȺɰɾѡҲһδս̹˵İ±ɳ˵ġ 
ս˻ص̹ʥأһ죬Уҷ̹ŵܣŮ派ȻǼٵģĴ֮ĸŮ洣̹һλŮ˵ｫʹرۣһĻĻ糱ӿϮ 
޲ȵŴ죬ٵģһжǼٵģôܣ̹ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪ˷ѾĻɵ뵽2004ʥĸǳսΪֻԴӰ쵽࣬˭֪ߴң̹ŵһƻǶֻǼƻеһӡ̹Ҫ׽ˣȻܺߣɽȴŮ洴սҲǼٵģŮҲŮ洣أʥĸأ滹Ǽ٣ 
ԴɻЩŭ񣬽ֻؿһԲʥĸһۣ˵֪֮ͷǳȥҳ˭֪ȴǸ˻ؽ̹źĻʱһⶼղĵطûκεڡ֪̹űضиıѾˣ޷ӳȥֻɺڰʳҵꡣҾˣҲȴɢ١嶼ЩޱߵĺڰڼʳꡣһʲôӣŶôļ尾 
أȮҲ̲סһ䡣 
Ҳ֪˶ãֻ֪ԼѾҪɢˡһ죬ͻȻĻʼҡΣҲûټþһ˿˺Ļ֪ԭ̹ΪСӸüʥĸ̹꣬ 
ϬĿⶨضʥĸʥĸҲɵñͷȥ 
Σҵ̫޷ӳ̹ʥأ޷֮ĵĽ硣ʱҼһѣǾѾ˺֮Ŀӡ̹֮еĶ֮һ̹ȫ޺ģѾɽʬ˻ġǣԼڵ̹Ԫӽȥ˺֮ȴû뵽ɴҵķҲָһ㡣ҳȥ֮ǰһҪ̹ˡȴû뵽ǱǸóˡ 
ؿŽ˵ʵĲ֪˭˵̫еˣоԼѾڷˡ 
ãƲʣôʥһأ 
⻹㿪ʼġؿŲ˵ 
ңɻָԼôҲ벻ԼйأѵԼǶοհ׵ļ﷢ʲô£ 
ӳ̹ʥأѾľˣֻҸطû뵽һ꣬ҳ󣬲ŷʥĸĴսѾꡣ뵽Сӣȴڰ·ղʥĸ׷ɱҸϵʱղѾһϢˡ 
ƾ˫ۣʹԺѰǶοհ׵ļ䣬ȴҵʹ 
ƴ磬ôˣ׼ȥȴѽ˻С 
ƴ磬ƴ硣һؽţŸոɵð˳ 
Ǳ߽Ҳʼ˵ҲսУ˵Ĺɽ£Ҳʱ²ûѰҡɽµңһ뵽濴ŷɽѾ÷ˣ޷Ʒӡ㲻㣬ҲΪӡȴ˾ʥ 
һԹ޵ԼЩ̹ͽҲ̫ΪԼ˰ɣ 
ʥĸΪǵıͿԵóҲ̫Ц˰ɡҲʾضȥ 
 
㿴ңҿ㣬˵ʵҲ֪˭ֻ֪иӶѾһƬݺ˸˵ˡ 
ڴһƬʱͻȻڴ 
㣿ЩŵؿͻȻڴӡ 
ĸô˷ܵܵǰ 
㣿һԵȮҲ̽ͷ 
Ȯ壿Ҳѵҵ㾪ϲرȮͻȻһѽϲеȮƿ뵽ʲôʡ 
Ȯ׼شʱĵͻȻ𡣡̹ˣ 
ǣǴ磬飬СᣬѵᵽСŮģ 
ëǰǿġ 
ģģԼģġļӴСŮ 
ģǸҳ㡣 
Сˣǻ𣿡 
Ǳ̹˸ˡ˵ű㽫֮ķֵ£һ顣 
ıˣǻְġëĲȥ۽ǵˮʹؽӵڻ 
ʥĸǻʲô˵س 
ƣһлתͷȥ 
ֻѾۣݺݵʥĸˣʲôˣǶհ׵ļҲڻصԺˡ 
ղƵ֪ԭһǰͻȻӦΣաǵñڽٳϴȣѵ˵ȳˣʣѰңºĴһСϷӰɵҵʱѾҪˡ 
һ̣һΣ̹Ŀ磬ҪΪİԣҪû˵꣬Ψһþ뿪ʥĸһˡ 



ڶʮ 㲻ʶ

       ûһ˵һ̸ 
ʲôˣڳˣֱ̹岻򵥣ȻֻϾΪʲôûаʾʲôأ 
ҵȻ̹ˣĹҲδ̫˰ɡȵһЦ 
Ӧòô򵥰ɣ˫ֻҲЦ 
ꯣǽ߳īߺѽ鳰Ū졣Ҳûϵ̹峤Ů鹫 
ԭ鹫ؿһЦ顣 
̹ʥôãû𣿡ëɻʡ 
ûУҴ󲿷ʱ䶼˼䣬˵鹫ĺıԶ 
Ȼûмһ̹ͽôܼĹأЦ˵ 
ԭһֱңֻҡŭغ 
֪̫ˣʥĸȫʧЦˮ˫͸¶ɱ⡣ 
ǹ 
ʥĸϮ 
ɱǻ˵㣬԰һеĹӾͳȥ˲䣬һƬǽ塣ʥĸԲգ㣬ģ죬ƣۿҪһԵȴ˿ûҪǰæ˼еض豭һһڵغţͺǰĴ޹ 
ĸСģһУſԼϮĹ򣬿һѾˣûϵͻȻ֣˭Ҳûϵһô죬ôͻȻͻȻйķӦ챾ܵرۣؽܼһ 
ͻȻһƬԤϵʹҲûн١ۣӳһϤߴӰᣬ˲ۿ 
ꯡһصĺǻתһ˫ڵɱ⡣ 
СģһȣѱδһĲǽʱҲһѲһƬ 
ѾǵڶˣѵĲʶ𣿴˫ҲԼӰӣеֻǳǵĺ׶ĵ䡣 
ιСʥдģ 
˾ˣҳ㰡ѵ㲻ʶ𣿡 
һʱ䣬һƬңǺݶĹﾹ޻ֻ֮ǱӲء 
ͻȻһŮӣҵĳ棬ֱߵǰߵＸ䡣 
漴¶΢ЦĵŮӵ֡˵óѵһЦŮһʧʥĸҲȺʧ١ 
ˣսȴûнһƬңʧȥԵ꯱κһֵ˶ÿ£ü֡ 
ιСʥǿʧȥˣΪˡһǹݹһǹһҲĥˡˣ 
ó汾죬ֻ˳սΧȴʦҾ˾˰֪ʦһ˵˾˾ȴⲻҪġ 
СʥʲôʱôˣͲˡۿֻм֮ˣһæսΧ֪ԭ˾ˣ˸ߵķһԸʦҲʰ·磬ǰԼΪ뽾Ц 
ģҲˣȴ޷ס 
ҹҲ 
쿴ǰĴ򶷣ѾһˣѾһˡȥĲ֪ǸʲôĽ֡ 
һֱûôָһֱȥһΪ̫˵ġȮؿ 
ȮĻðһǰȥ˵ġ·Ҫܵκε˺ 
ĹһУôҲû뵽Ĺ׵رסǡ 
ĸҲžС 
оǵþԼеķرסϣܽƽֹͣҲôӲϵ𣿰쾪ϲ̧ͷҲиӳȴһ˫ĮۣǵϸһĨóѵЦһӦѱ 
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ѵ̧ͷ˫ĮۡĲʶһȹĲǵꯣ 
һҵʹϮر˫ۣһ¡ 
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𾪵ŻԵİ죬һĨʹҲĵŤš 
һǹڵϣ 
תͷȴǵȥӰ 
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ڶʮ ˭

       ڴһƬ֮ʣһ𡣡ôˣôˣ 
һͷԭϾˣֻһ£ųǵس 
磬Ҷôˣһۼڵصǣر 
Ͼ쿴СʥôˣȻ˾ɱռϾ 
㼤رʥĸ 
㡱ʥĸǵظųͷᣬһεεµ 
ãĸôˣʥĸתͷͬԵİ죬ץס㼱ʡǵȥʱ򣬲ǻúõΪʲôȥͥһ˾ͱ˹⾰ˣ 
ĸ˵ţ㽫ղŰܲסǵ˵һ顣 
ãôôɵأʥĸظŰգȥ۽ǲˮ 
վűߵ϶𣬽رáһҰף֪ʥĸȥϾʱҲ˵ԼԭѾ㺮ĺҲɢеĽ뵣ǡ 
һǰȴڿԲѵ꯵һɲǣŬǽ˲Ӱ١ 
Ļһ״ϣôѾãô飬Ůİñκ˶ǿңԼôģôĲɢǡһˣһõĽá֪ô죬֪ýǸˡֻΪʲôôʹôܣ߿صƬ¹ɽȴ˸ôҲƲ 
Ҳʼף˿ƤƶŴҲ˹ųص壬ǰ 
һ1300ǰ죬ҲΧƣǳһƬҲ֪ΪλƽǧǰҪƽ 
ؽת϶ϣǸõ֣֪ĵ뽹ǡˣҲԼ뿪ʱˡ찡죬ôǣǧɫ찡ԸԼȡǵҸһҪҸ֣ 
ϾôϾһſǣձ㼱ʡ 
Ͼһۣ̾˿ 
ϾҾ˾ôˣץסϾ֡ 
ԭѾԹڸǣϹﱦҲ˺ɫҴûôԹôЩԹģϾɻʵ 
Ȯ㽫ƽϢȪ˵һ顣 
⣬ⰡϾ૵˵ 
ʲôⰡŲţ˰ղͷػӻ֡ 
ӦƽϢȪʱ򣬲ⱻԹšԹ࣬Ųڻɢ 
ϾһҪȾҶ硱ʥĸϾɢĸ֣һǾ״Ŀڡ 
Ͼ㣬Ⱦˡ 
취һϾòſڡ 
ʲô취 
ֻмܻ⼫Թ 
Ͼ˼ǡ 
ûøǿķ꯵ļٽԹںϡԹʧͬʱеǷݼҲ 
˭Ҳû뵽һ֣治֪ǸΪ꯸еǸеϧעˣǷݰվҪĸгȥ޿ɸı䡣⽫Ǻεȵı 
Žرţûһ˿Ҫ˼ 
ʥĸؿǽߣϾѴգ㣬Ļղƽ뷿䣬ˡ̧ۣŴİ϶Ǳʲôһ¡Ļ˭ǵ׷Ѱǧ¹⻹ǳϦദĺӰǵҲ⣬ֻǣ˭עҪ˭ҪʧȥǷݸ顣죬ΪҪ˲̣ʥĸһﺰţ졣 
⣬԰׵ѿʼֺϼ̫Ҳʹ棬ǵҲһƬ糺졣 
϶𾲾ظã֪ǽŵţĻһôĴ𰸡ǷܳܵסǷܳе𡣲䣬ĿͶһԵİ죬ǣҲͬڿĹǿһĿĹ⣬ļ䡣ôȥԼһҲʹҲΪ⼴ĽãȻ 
Ŭһ΢Цϼ£ԵøĽޣġ 
رۣٶʱϼˣ̫Ҳ˵ƽߡЩȵĹء 
̫ѾˣĺڰѳˣҲѳ˰ɣǧˣҲõعʱˡԼأעҪʧϼ⻹ǿһֱ磿 
ȥʣԺ·ֻ֪˭Ȼ֪ԼȴĲסȥ룬ȥڴ˿û뵽ҲעԵġ 
ŻɽţעЩĴεšش죬ڰţϧ 
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һ ޷ı

       ̫ѾһĨ͡һȥˣСʱǰϾ˲ŴӷȽյŲûдԤϵĴ𰸣ΪŶӦ˵ˣɴڻУ 
ﶼΧϾĻѾ£ֻȮߡ򵥵ֻˣֻһҪȥˣҲҪȥ˼ʢ˥ 
ôû̲סʣĬĴʣ޷һ˼οһƬݺŪ˭˭Ҳȥ롣 
ϰ˾ŵ㣬ӦÿϾϵĳ 
ָ𣿻û𣿡ЩǵʡܽΣѾȥԣֻҪû¡ 
Ͼ̧ۣһ˫˫ǵۣͻȻЦˡ 
Ȼûˣս񡣡 
ﶼһһεõϾĿ϶ֻձ죬ŤͷȥȻҲ֪꯵ķ֮ϣҪսǲܵġο1300ǰĳǻء 
̫ѾȫˣһĨҲʧˡһƬҰ֪ôģճеĵƻñƽ٣Ҳ˿ƹ⡣ҪǷ仹ſյת˻Ƿ۶ͣ˵硣 
ȻڵıƱԹʧȥ˷ڵز߰˰ٶ꣬ôҲӵ˵زشȱķһϾȻеزԪеļټЩԿԵֿԹ֮ġһ̫ģϾֻò䡣 
ŶǾͺáϾ϶ 
ϾȪȥأ䲻سʣȪһֱļ⣬Ҳ̵ʦܸ𰸡 
һֱһΪصĵط̹ſؾѾˡȪеؽ붫֮ά֮һ𱻳Ϊ󲻿ɸıҲ޿ɸı䡣ϾתͷԶ˸žӨĹ⡣ 
ʲôϵأ̲סʣڲŷʵ̫ࡣ 
Ҳøˣֻ˵ά֮ţΪΪسֹ֮֡ 
ʲôĹϵҲ޷⡣ֻ֪Ȫ붫֮ά֮ͨġ 
ͨģʲô˼ëǻɻʡ 
Ͼֻǿһۣ˵ҲµûȪԹ֮ӦѾ˶֮֮ͬά֮ͨġĻǡ˵ϾɫЩס 
ôˣû°ɣһԵĲƸæסˤϾ 
Ͼ԰ҡҡͷӸˣҲȥͥһˡ 
Ͼôˣ켱ʡѵҪ 
Ȫ֮ά֮ศɵģΪزƽ⣬񡣡ֻΪʲôö˶˵ĵȪͻȻأôҲ벻ͨͥһʱû˼Ѿһ龰ˡ 
ЩʣΪȪƽϢؿƽˣ˭֪ 
ȪԹ֮ԹγɵģϹﱦƵã붫֮ͨȫ붫֮ʱ 
ʱʥĸҲ̲ס׷ʵ 
Ͼ׼֮ʣȮײײس¥ˣ 
˵Ⱥȿˮ˶ΧȮȴض˱ˮ͵Ȯǰⲻ֪Ǳ˭һƿ 
ƿĸòײվȽŸ׼߶ȴֺһʧǰûüգۣһֱԶԶվŵ϶Ҳˡ 
ιǡŸտڣֻʣһһ΢ȵʶһɵѻ治Ǽ¡Σһͨ࣬޷ǱٶȡֻҡҡͷҲ¥ȥ 
 
ЩۣȮķΪʲôͷôۣҲʲôӲõˣⲻһʧ䡣 
ϾҶЩʹرͷʥĸ̲ססϾʵ 
Ͼڰ꯼󣬳ЦЦ 
İɣû¡˿̲סһ䣺ܽ 
硱ûˣһֱҲڿʼˡһʱرסꯣǰһڶĻؿ 
һ㣬طõ㷢ǵѾþˣѲΥֻܰص˫Ҳسˮᡣ 
һԵȮҲᣬͷƫ˵Ļ 
˶վţ˭Ҳûг˭ҲĴŨ顣Ҳ§ʥĸܰ 
˾ˣڼ˾ˣ˾Ҳڿˡ˾ߵĨҸЦᡣ߹ȥĻһ˾ˣĽȴǧأ뵽ǧǰԼε˺˾ˣεεɢû߹ȥҲ֪ôȥԡ 
Ͼһĳ㣬ʾǰȥ 
㣿㻹һشϾ̲סߴ١ 
̧ͷʱʥĸҲ 
㣬о˾ˡʥĸֽߣ˵ 
㻹ɵɵԼЦ˵ôʶ˾ˣ 
˾΢ЦſԼһ𣬼ǵõһμ˾˵ʱҲЦԼᣬô顣 
˺þõ˳촽˶ڽг˾ˡ 
һ˾۶˳ŶټѪᡣ 
һӵһغۿ˳䡣 
ߵſڵʱһ 
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       ˶ͣסŲЩػعͷҶ֪꯱ɥʧһΪĸ飬ѵ 
϶һ˲һƬհףЩɵתͷ 
Щ˫ۣѵһֱĴ𰸳ˣѵ 
ͻȻĪһ˫ڴۣͻȻޣشޡ 
лĳ ΪʲôôΣѵô 
һ˫ԺǧۣĲˡת߿ȴεغƱҲ֪ԼģҲ֪Լʧȥ뿪ҲĲûǵԿԼĸ飬ҲǰῪģܣǽȴеһǰδеıʵĲԼһŮӣһΪѾ˵ˡô죿һݸ飬ָúȥδӣ 
תͷһߵİ죬ۿѾѪ˿ɫһƬҡ 
ҲԼһûϲҲ˵ǣֻΣĵı 
϶ˣ㣬𣿡֪ԼôڵģҲ֪ʱһֱ顣ֻһֱŵؿԼʥĿڳһ 
е˶ȥˣֻʣˡ侲Щ£Ҹô죿ýܻǸþܾҾܾ𣿿ˣǸʵֻһؿģô죿˭ܸң 
ãأҲ֪˵ʲôЩشһ䡣 
ǳʱĳĬشŴ 
̾˿Ƕ˶ջû˵ʲô϶Σǵõǵʱ϶Ѿ˺øУΪʲôأѵǵߵԵʣͻȻﾹԼǸתȻ֪ǷȴסȻǹɺ⡣ 
ش˿⣬첻Ծؽ˽ɼ䣡ô䣿̧ͷҹձƻҫҲЩ⣬ɢҵţⷳҵԵøӵΡ 
֪Լģֻ֪һл磬˲ת 
֪Լÿ޻ǸЦ֪ԼǸñǸϲԸȻûнԸǴûпʼ 
ѵĴĲһԼ 
áʥĸʹŰ˫֡ 
һæزᣬתͷǿؼһȿ໹ѿЦ㣬ôˣ 
ǿջЦʥĸĸӵʹˡסͷ˵޾Ϳްɡ 
̧ͷǿر죺˭˵Ҫˣ 
Ÿ˵꣬ˮӿʥĸĻʹ 
ҹԽԽ 
Ҳ֪˶ãƽᣬЩ˼վ 
Щ𣿡ʥĸְﰽǰЩҵķ˿ 
Щмصͷ 
ʥĸؿŰ죬֪Ҫ˼ 
ãſڣΪԼԽܣǵٵʱ򣬲֪Ҫ 
ʥĸ̾˿ǰ뵽ףҪĺѺѰ 
ô죿 
û뵽ĻԼû뵽˵ʵڵģҲ֪Լ֪ʱǱϲ֪ԼԼһģܺ㡣ǡһ˵ұ룬϶һ뿪õҸڡĲ֪죬Ѿ߲ˣ֪ҺѾ޷뿪ˡ㣬Ҹô죿˳£̲ڵϡ 
ãһǿһֹۡʲôľԶֻ֧֣ǲҪԼ̫ί𣿡ʥĸʹ氽ȥߵᡣ 
컺̧ͷеһƬõĵƻ£Եø 
ǰ죬ôˣ㲻һֱǿһֱֹ۵ʲôʱôˣ 
Ŀ⣬ʼǿɫҲղֻصϡ 
԰ӦΪǷݰеˣеοΪʲôҪģѾˣһߣػֻҪҸֻҪԶԶؿһʲôĵģһʲôأһĨλð΢Ц 
ڴӱ߳ҲůҲðǿҲҲûʧȥʹҲԼĸѧѧãֻԼʥĸԾԶǧˣ㻹ûͻ 



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       wainting barֹҳֹͣӪҵӣúܶصظĿڿſڵӺҡҡͷЩʧ뿪 
ϾѾȥͥ̽ϢԸڴ˵Ⱥ򡣱Ҳ׼ȥģֻϾ壬ӲҪ¡ֵȴ϶ס󣬻 
һţֻڿ϶ʱ򣬲żЩᡣҲ˵ʲôʱһƬž 
ٿǸʵܲˡǸŶӦҲ֪ôˣ˭ǷǮƵġ뵽죬һʱӦڽһǣ˾ؿһɱҪϾǸϵ֪ԼǷڡ 
һΣеǵĺĵ䡣Ҳڷһ˫µ۾ײеĶħҲᵨ֪Լ֪ 
ǽһ 
ôˣȾơ˵žƱһڶ 
Ҳž𱭣Ҳʱ꯵ı鲻Ҳо˲١ 
꯽Ʊյʱһ 
ꯣ廹ûôãҪڿ꯵ܨסˡʱʶԼ䣬䣡һ˿ôоǱ˭Ӳ˺ˡ 
Ĺ̫ܵ˵㡣һ˫Ϭضİ죬ڿһ¶һаĵЦ˵ң꯺еİɣԶ㣬ҿɲ˵ڶ顱˵꣬Ҳܣɲ˵϶֣󲽶ȥ 
硱ʥĸܻس꯺磬ôĶ 
ĻеĮ׵ľˣΪԼԼߣΪԶԶؿΪʲôΪʲô 
ǸȻȥӰòײŹļǿ˲ֿˣ׵ؿˡԺô죿һʧȥȥѰң 
˿ûͣµ˼ʥĸ߲׷ôûǷݸ飬Ůôģ 
ãȴ߳һ󣬿쵹µӰ 
죡 
Ĺ 
 
ڻȥһ̣˴Ҷ꯵֣ƽҪҪ뿪ڣȴ 
ˡǵõʱĻʹԼڷ죬ǲţ꯻ 
ҹˮ 
վڲݵϣ¡ 
ԵؿҶķŭҲָû뵽ǧãһĹ 
ЩŭսȭͷܵҲǸӦķŭҲó 
ͻȻһ紵ش⡣أˣӷŭ˳ 
ôˣ׷ŭɱ⡣ 
˭ͻȻоϢ״˵䣬ѻûɱǹָˡ 
ҡһСС 
͵תΣյҲĮ쳣㣿 
ͣǰǹЩǹɱڵشԼʱΪԼٴǹ£еЩɡֻû뵽ڿӴƤʱͣˡ 
Ȼջǹ˲ѻûһڵȣС 
𣿡תεرĲӭ 
ҡǿѹĴʹСң 
û뵽⣬ֱ룬治ʵĶĹ 
꯵ע£첻ؽ֣ԼΪʲô⣬ΪʲôסֻĮĿʱһͷȻ˼ڶˡĿΪʲôûж 
͵͵һۣӲ 
ᡱ꯽ڵЦ 
ڰЩοʱ꯵ٶϷʵ޵׵Ԩ 
Ǻᡱ 
ڿ쵥λ˻κЦˡ 
ǡȻ뵽ܻһ𰸣ǲԸȥš 
ǡشϰ죬֪Ҫ˵ʲôϲǰãǣꯣҪٸˡǰǵķϣηŹ㣬´βҪûͷԣ顱 
һ𣬶ؿħаĵꯣһĴ𰸣һ 
ٸһʵҰ϶𣬲Ѿͷ ؿʹı飬̵ЦЦҲ֪ԼΪʲôôʹԼ顣ԽʹԽģԽˡѻƬ񫡣 
ЩըװϣһֱǿŵҲ仰󣬳׵ؿˡ˲һƬң֪ںδҲ֪ȥη 
عڵϣ꯺ʱ뿪ĶȻ֪һȥˣֻʣһƬãʹ 



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       һʧȥľżڲݵϡ쿪ʼˣҲЩʪȻ֪߲֪ʱ˵ӰҲ޲ 
ÿĹҡͷһֻ 
ؾѣЩŵ̧ͷڿ˺ɫʼýӲ 
ô󲻸˼ңü 
ֻǾǿתͷһԡ 
СٶЦ죬˵㲻뱨𣿡 
ԾתͷһЦ飬ʲô˼ 
һ˵ı飬ЩЦ 
ֻҪǺұ֤ԸԳôҵɣ˵꣬ջؼۡ 
ԸԳаƵ 
û㲻ԵõꯣϾаĵЦţܾˣ⡣ 
õ컹ξ˫ҲһƬãЩŵսȭͷͻȻĴһɴ̹ǵĺεؾѣֵҡͷ 
ѵ㲻ѵ㲻Ҫ𣿺αŰԼֻҪӦͿԵõ 
ٶ૰㴫ʹرͷ죬㲻ջ󣬲ܣ 
ͻȻһˣ۾Ҳʼ峺ؿЩ飬һһ˵ǵģҰҸԸҸ 
Ӿлָ飬ĵؼ˵òкãȫֻ̹ܰ壬ѵ 
˿Ц˵Ҳɣϲֻܸ𰸡ǿкãǲ㡣˵꣬ҲķӦس·ȥ 
ԣû뵽һȺûõķѾԶȥĨӰЦͻȻתһƬڵԣ۾Ҳ쳣Ϭࡣ 
Īǻû 
һӰڳеĵƻ£ˡֻۣķź⣬ϼı 
㣿ۣܵһ 
ҡ޷ݡ 
ҲʶԼʧ̬ǰһЦ㲢ûֵô顱 
鹫ʧˡɨһۺЦˡ 
ǸЦ鹫ҲԾ˸ûм˭Цջ˿־塣 
һ˲ʧ漴ָЦΪɶģǸ⡣ 
鹫̧ˡ˵ɲκα顣 
бҪô𣿡εؿһ˪ꯣҪջЩͷۡꯣȴظǣġ 
ûʲôҲֻε̾ϵķӦԼʲôʧأҲȻˡ 
ҪشҼ⡱ͻȻڵ 
ΪʲôҪش㣿꯵ӲԵΪ̹ĹܵҲû;ͺضײȥ 
ʲôĿģҲĽʵ 
ΪʲôҪ㣬һҿԡû˵꣬ǹֱֱָʺ 
ꯡ㡣쳣ŭضǰǹôҲû뵽֣һ˾ɫŮ֣ûзʱ 
øҹԹԵ˵򡣡ǿ㿴飬һĨЦ 
㡣ɱң߹ݣ 
ţԡȤü 
㡣һγΪе̹幫ʵҪȴּɹǹɣֻҪ΢һǹݺݵش̹ǲҲˣǻġ 
ãһش㡱Ƭ̣ЭաǵĿģ㲻֪𣿶ҡЦ˵̹ʥ۲ǧֶ֪꣬ˣȴû뵽Լ˴⣬ǱǰľٶԻˡ 
ֻҪشСش 
ðɡЩε˵ǵĿ硣Ѿ޷ֹˣҲı䲻ˡ 
ǲǶħΪʲôҪͿ̿أ֣ԼѾָˣȴǼǵǵļ䣬Ǹ顣Ů洵ս񣬾ʶ̹ˣһȺΪȨĶħΪʲôҪˣһֱԼʵ⡣ 
һЩԾؿꯡһһ˻ΪʲôͬħˣҲͬһͰɣ޷ݵ磬ıԵ 
⣬޷شЩӲرͷԼҪվͬһϵˡʹҲΡ 
Ҳû˵ʲôֻһ̧֣ǹѱһīȣġ֪ѾҪвˣɹشһš 
ȪҲǵĽɡ 
ǵġ˿û⣬֪ǰʵ̫͹ѳ˯ȪõزʹñƽȪ֮ȴû뵽زʾңϧǣǶûо쵽ǻǳɹˡ˵꣬ЩЦ 
ԭ෢ʳ£ġ˵̫磬˭Ҳ֪ʲôĽ֡Ц 
ꯣ㲻ҪνˡѾ˭Ҳֹˡҿ㻹̹ɡ 
Ҳ쳣ᶨ˵ 
ôôԽأߵ˵ţǰǣķҲʼȫ⡣ֻ֪Ҫض֮ĻһʧȥԹͻֱά֮šʱά֮Ŵ󿪣ʧȥƽ⣬֮־ͻᡣͻȻʶԼ˵̫࣬Ͻ죬ŭؿһꯡģôˣʲôʱ˴ˣһ򾲵ôʧأ 
лָ㣬˵һжδ֪˵꣬ЦŴ󲽶ȥ˿˵ 
ꯣΪ֪ЩͿԸıʲôҲδ̫˰ɡǼļƻ˲һ飬עʧȥЧؼȴֻΨһһšο㶼Ѿѱˡ 
һ죬ΪҵĽģҵһĵ 
 
ЦҹɫԵøĴ̶е졣 



 ٵΣ

       ĿĵȺ֪ԼҪȥҲֹ֪ͣһֱţߵ֡ 
ǵõ˵Ҫߣû𾪣ֻһΡ֪ʲôǵģֻ뿪Ųڻÿ϶Ĺģľ絶ʰʹˮʪڲ֪ʲôʲôǿԸ鶼ôһҲԼΪλ˷ŲΪλִšûʱ˵ôȣôڲ֪Ҫ 
һ䲻һƬƲʣȴһʵġ 
һİûбף˭ҲΪ˭ͣ½Ų˭ҲΪ˭ͷôĮ˰ô簡 
ǿҵ̫գȴо䡣 
߹һ꣬һͣ˽ŲϸϸƷλ 
·˴Ҵҹû˻ͷһۡ 
ֻǸڴϵİˣҶ˵ҲֻǸİˡ 
ҲΪۡ 
 
ΪαİЩҶ 
ԣηŵ¡ 
 
׸ǰҲȴûһ𺳣ǿҡͻȻоЩʪʪģһŷֲ֪ʱԼˡ˿һѻһʡ 
ղҺ󿴵һŮӣһҮһ˵ 
ѽѽҺҲˣһһҲ͡ 
 
Ǻ˵һȵ 
ǰǰǿ϶ۻˣʲôҪˡһ˵ 
ҪſѧҪΣ 
 
ȺɢҲΪԼۻˣһС֮ 
waiting bar 
ҹѾˣЩԵЩ䡣 
̤ʱΧܲ©Ͼ侲߹ȥ˵ʲôϢ𣿡ؿʲô 
ҶͻתꯡֻȮĵر׼ǵȴƿ 
ĿǰعžҲʾʲôɻѵ£ֱѳ£Ϊʲôعžأ 
֮Ѿ⡱꯽ӹݹľƱ˵ 
֮ϾɲرûҰףȻҲ뵽ȴôҲš 
ϾӦ֪֮λá 
⡣ϾΪѵؿޱꯣ֮һֱصĽ֪ȷλõûмǣ֮һ򿪣ͽ޷δ֪ѣ֮Ѿ£ǽΪΣԥˣҲǻ̫õԭɣʧȥ 
Ѿûѡˡ꯷¾Ʊɫ˵ 
Ͼٿˣڵ飬ĳôһ磬עĵͷ 
ãȥԸֹһеķΪʲôôĲؼǰδеս 
꯵ԼһĨ΢ЦվҲɻĿ⣬ֱ¥ȥ 
϶ԵؿȥıӰΪʲôоˣ󡣡뵽Ҳȥ 
϶㡱ʥĸҲ׷ȥȴϾסˡ 
ȥɡϾΪε̾һ˭Կó꯾Ǳһˣøݣˡô£ϾôҲ벻ף˵ڵԹӦѾɾ˰ܳʲô쳣ġ 
ôо˺ܶࡣʥĸ૵˵ǰĶηоůܸоһʴȵϢɶĶȴ˴ĵеǿ־塣رǶ˫۾ûпȥʵǲ⡣ 
ĸ׵ĻҲͬСΪǾ˾ʱҲо˾˾˵ĲѰ 
ҲԹµĺ֤ɡϾ˼˵ 
𣿡ʥĸʡ 
صģʱͻȻõġϾЦŰο 
Ǿ˾˾ͲˣϲϾ䡣 
ǵģǷİɣѵŲͷͷϾЦ 
ߺ󣬽ɫصʣֻô𣿡 
ϾԾػعͷһϵĽ𣿿ϾǸʬϾ̹ˡ 
ԽϵĿ⣬ڣϾѡš̾˿εҡҡͷ 
ϵԹѾȫˣҿԿ϶ı仯ʵ벻ͨ 
Ҳ֪̹Ŀʲô֪һıҴӺܾǰͿʼˡңСᣬʥĸǼƻеһӡʹ˵š 
ϾĿ⣬ƽҹӭǵֻĴأȥ֮ǶԻǴأ֮ĳ£ָͥأѵ˵еǳҪ𣿡̫⣬̫ɻоԼͻȻѶû¹ʲôһͻȻо£һεĺ¡ 



 ޴Ķ

        
һ㲵صϣΪˮͷûн޴ǵǵǺεȵ磬εȵ׳ۡҲԴ롣ˮ湲ΪĴ֮ףضҪη֡Ϊ󱲵أȻҲˮ䣬˾ȴò۵Ľ¡ 
̧ͷԶ 
ڹŭײɽ۴ŭҲ֪ǲĹϵ۲ǡǹˮȴǱ޷ѵļ 
洫һ֣üͷ 
˭ 
ر£ǰ̫ӡһϺǰ 
ǺסˣҲաɡ 
ΪʲôͥһϮµİһžͷʡǼΪĲ 
Ҳ˵²ЩسѾ۲ֹһˡ 
ΪʲôҪԭɡ֪𣿶ˮѾʼˣϺҲʼ𽥵Ƕɿݵġ鼱غףǲΪʲôܱ֪ͥѵǶҪŻ 
кܶ£㲻סŷŭĶӣ̾˿ 
Ҳ𣿡ߵؽļңǧĵطܾ 
ȥ 
ȥĽ㡱 
վס 
תͷɻؿ쳣ŭΪʲôÿ˵ҪȥĽʱôߣôܡ 
㲻ȥᶨ˵ 
ΪʲôĽ֪£һĵġóĽ֪Ƕôġ 
˵׼ȥͲ׼ȥûУȵ 
һ㣬ɫҲһһףûߵһŤͷתȥ 
ߺһĸ˴۵ؿſϵ 
ҲǳһƬ⣬㲻Ҫ 
֪ʺлл㡱οĸ˵֣ͷ˿̵Ǹĺһǵĳĺˡ 
Ϸ޵ģлʲôѽһᣬر̧ۣĺˮ뵽һ龰̲סʹ˽ɣʧȥһҲ޷ܵڶˡ 
ĸ󣡡 
쾪ŷԭһΡĨһ¶ͷֶǺİĻİĸо 
ǵԼһеϷɱţη˺ʹֻгǵʹʱȴеˡҲ֪ʳ˶ãҲ֪Լɵֻ֪ͻȻǰһƬڰһ޵׵ԨУУо˽ŬȥˣȴôҲۡ 
ܵظͷﻹһƬ֪ǰʹǸղŵǸΡͻȻ뵽ǸΣҲԾһƬһƬصʧȥǰҰʹţϺʬ壬ƴȥ 
ӭһƬļžŵؽźţ־壬ӿͷ 
ˣһ 
Ծ̧ͷֻſվһɫӣһԭɫҲôƯɢһֹΣҲ˳ݡһŲ꯰ӢͬǴ΢Цϣ˲ط 
ǣ˰㿴΢ЦԼ 
磬ܸˡѺõ֣Ц˵ 
ǰ족ɵɵڴϣһʱ֪ȥԣѺõЦҲϰ꯵ȻɣԳЦЦ 
Ҳ˿ⰽĲòΪν֣޹˼ɵڴ¡ 
㡣쾪ؿžԼߵӣȴڿ̹ĿҲ˵ʲô 
ô⣿ʵ 
µ͵ⴲˡһһŷּ˸Ů뿪Ц˵š 
ҲǱЦȾɣҲо鿪˲١ЦҲȻա 
ллңҵûؼˡ뵽ղŵǸΣһֲҪŷɢ˰ʹ 
𼱣ڷѾʧҪæһѽס 
ʲô첻ŵؿ磬ķŷѵȻ޴ˡ 
ʱͻָġģʧı飬ľҲԽؾ 
ҶҪؼҡҪվȴصˤڴϡܾȥкܶºļҲĲꯣﲻʲôæٿһԣһҪȥ 
ڰǰһֻǰһڣԸٶȵڰ羲ؿų˯еİ죬İ͡ 
˯ɣϣʱٿЦ૵˵ţЦȥȡ֮ǵˡȴôҲû뵽ԺŮ׵ĸı䡣 



 ̾Ϣ

       ϶𾲾վ⣬ȴֳˡ֪ӭʲôĮļǵʹʼŲȥ˭ϾߵֻԼǣˣҴúܳס鲢ûԤϵǰ㣬ԽԽĮԽԽĥ͸ʱߵӵǲʶǸꯡ 
ǵҹ׷¥ȥȴĮ衣ҲţЩǴ˵ġҹ컨壬ֵ︡Į˺µۣôĹǵĻ 
Ӽס㻹Ǹзˡǵõ仰ʱ𾪣ľǵģǸзˣʵûǡÿҹʹһǶԺһǶ꯵İʹһѾݷ·Ҫ˺顣 
ȻҪͥˣصǱĹ㺮˼ʹأȴҪŴȥҲԼ߿ʱˡ 
ʹرۣһ 
ûһ϶һϽᣬһŶ롣 
£꯾شڴǰԶûлͷ 
ҡ϶ͻȻ֪˵ʲôղõĴ˲䲻ɡ 
ûʲô£ҪϢˡҲ϶һֱۣȥ 
϶𶨶ؿſڣǲʲôԣҿԡ 
ԣͻȻתǿĿ϶߸һ̵ЦΪĻҲûϵҲںЬ 
㡣϶ɲرףû뵽Ҳ־ͳ꯵ȥ 
ץס϶֣һһ˵´ͱ顣˵꣬ˤһʱûվȵ϶صص˵ϡ 
ᣬվһȥ 
ûлͷ˰ͣ϶߳˷ţűٶȹϵһ̡꯵ԼЩζԡµĳУʹرۣ˵һ 
û¡Ŵ⣬˵ڰοʲôˡ 
Լһ̾Ϣ 
ĶԵر֣Ϊ첻Ͼǰˣǧ겻˾ҲͻȻ˶ֵ£ȲҲʲôҪӣͥôͻȻأһȺİˣǲǳʲô£һЩϺзϸϸš 
ѷԸةǰȥЪϢʱټĴֻʣꯣϾˡ 
ǶǲǳˣϾżɽʡ 
Ͼ˵ЦˣǶһһ漴ƽЦû뵽һбѾ꯵۵ס 
𣿲֪֮ô꯹Цһ˫ȴעһһ 
ʲʲô֮Ҳ֪һҲˤ 
ûѡ꯿԰׵˵ 
㡣뷢ȴֲҷǧǰɱŮ£ûأھȻ 
˵֮ǶѾ֪ˡϾ״ϽԲ 
ɲסˣɫһһףò³һ仰Ǻðɡ 
˵ű㽫´˵һ顣 
ǵȥ֮ˡϾ˼˵ 
ǡ˵ʲôȴϾˡ 
ҲɡϾһ˵ѵڲ𣿡 
⡣һʱᣬҲһֱԭ򰡣ǡѵص˵ͷðɣҴȥ֮ϣûд˵š 
˵ˣһ̲ͣȥ 
㡱ЩؽţѲ֪жˣûм档ԶͲȥͥҲټ㣬Ѿȥǧ꣬ôĳҲʼˣǵõֵֻܼ顣 
ǰǸԼһͥˣܨܨؿԼİӣһǧ겻ˣҲˡ 
ʥĸӵһֵܣڱǰˡһ̣ʥĸҲ̲סĵЦˡ 
ڼʥĸĵǰѺõ֡С񣬳ҵˡоЩʧ䣬ǰСҲѾˣĶأںη 
ĳɵؿŰôСʶ 
ġڳ׼ĽЩʲôʱëǴӲ߳һwaiting barģʥĸӲҪëǸëأַĲģҲʹӦˡҲֻһǰˡ 
㣿ضԼģǧˣĻ 
㣿ʲô㰡ɻؿǸëǶӡ 
㣿ëܨضе˭ΪʲôоֺϤһ˿۵ĸо 
龰ʥĸһЦŸȥ 
ιҲҪߣҡ߳ǰкš 
㣿ǲΣǰһ§סëȴëǸض㿪ʲôЦëʲôʱϷŪ 
ιҲ˭㲻ǼһڸʲôҸҲʲô㻨ģħëҵĴëǣסˡ˵Ҳ˵İ;ٲȥǼһðȻϳңëҵŮ˿ɲô۸ġ 
ëǣһ¡Ͻ׷ȥסëǡ 
ι֡ëߵü 
ȻĲ鲻ԸǷſ֡ 
ë˦˦Щʹ֣ŭ˵ңҸ㲢죬еôȡ 
ҽʲôСĵʡ 
ëСɡ˵󲽶ȥҲ᰽һε顣ǸǰһôףôԵ뵽¶һĵЦѾҵ˲ 
ͻȻоҲٷˣҲˣãЦʻ 



ڰ һα˵İ

       Ͼꯣײ㣬һªüûʲôװεĶڡǺһƬʲôҲһεѹ 
ָŶ˵ 
֮Ȼһ˲۵ĵطСУΪ 
оɵĿ⣬Ͼ˵ͷתͷ򿪶Űɡ 
εؿһۣ֪Ѿȥѡˡߵ붴Զĵطҡһ䣬һڿһֱڷȥ漴ûޱߵĺڰ 
ڴɻ֮ʣ˲䣬ǰһϼ磬˼ɾ 
˸£߽Уŷվһźʯǰǡˣȱ̩ɽ¾걻յߵĶҲưɡͨ巢ź⣬ֻЩǱһ㳾ҡ 
ǣѲǻ飿ɵʡ 
ǣػĸ֮һϾ˵ű㴩ʯߵһߡ 
ſĸһģһݶһмȴһԲεСأӵһСһŻǶСϣĹâҲúϼ졣 
顱꯿ǿŻ飬̲סصĻǿŽʧȥĻ 
ǵģǻ飬ؼΨһһŻ顣Ż飬૵˵ 
ΨһһţȵؿϣԼˣɴȴǻʧ 
ǵģؼеһšᶨ˵ 
ıԹȾˡϾĻڳÿһ˶ɵһ 
ǿϾָ㣬ſһ˿˿ɫߺشڻڣһѿİ̺ۣ׻ 
ԹǵȪԹ֮һ˸ӣڻѿ󽫻һԹ顣Ͼĵؽ⼴Ҫ£ǸҪˣѵڽ 
ûа취𣿡ǵǵʡ 
ûУһȾֻһǾʧȥϾ޲˵ 
޷һעͻȻоǱǦ쳣 
ɺǴʻģϺеεţĿ֣ڡ 
Ǻ˲𣿡һе 
ûлͷΪ֪˵Ż˭Ҳֻһ˸к׽ 
ûлش𣬽Ҳ⣬ֻЦЦվߣƽĺ 
ʱоһʵҲͦġ˵š 
꯻عͷؿһۡЩŪЦû뵽һʬĽһ 
ҲָĳЦţԽ󱳸ҲԽ࣬ʱ治һС㣬ٲȥںôࡣ 
û꯿϶˵ 
һ㣬Цòſڣܶ飬ʵҲס 
Ҫ̫һ仰ӶԷһսһǽʬһĹ¶ҲͬһսġʹػҲ 
ǲ顣һƣˬ˵ 
ãѵһ֪Цǰ¡ 
˾һԾδĺѡ 
һֱܺ棬㷴̹壬ֻΪƭԵ𣿡ȵһʱʵ 
滰ǼٻϷʵЦЦ 
ϻûĴϡ 
Цشӽȥȡ֮ǵǳ۵صʹ 
㻹ǵõŮ洵Ǵδս𣿡֪ǻָսǣǵļȴûȻҲ벻ͨô£ȴΪ꯵ļǵöοҲԸõӦǿ̹塣 
꯵ͷȻʱֻǸССҲûֱӲ룬˵˲١ 
ؽԶĿҲʼ롣 
ǵһǰд̹Ž磬һƯŮȡӴͿҵĵǣЦһǿĴεؽסϿʼչ¶ҸЦֻصһǰһĻҲ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻһߵĳ嶯һΣЩĵ׵£˵˳ 
ֻǾţһԲΪ֪Ҫһõڡ 
һ˵ֱǧǰֹͻƷӡҲ֪˭һΣҲһУ׷˼䡣ҲΪ̫࣬ԵúʱһֱչҲûΪǽʬԶң෴ϣҿʴȣ˿ݡǶʱ䣬һҸһΡǣþˣûֻƬʹرۣѾǧȥˣĻ統ǰʹѵҾһֱס˼䡣ÿҪȥѪʱоͻḡ˫ʹϧۡĬĬع˰ǧֱ꣬1999̹꣬ͻȻҵңҴ֮ĸϢһգһͬ£˫û˵ʴȣеǳޣǶĳޡңʹ磬ʹ֪ࡣڲ֪ǸһˣʱҲǱͷȻЩɻ󣬵Һãûгʲô£ټˡǴ֮ĸǣҵģҪػΪ֪ʲô£һģϣľġ񣬶ȴԹΪĽʬ֪нһֱǰɬЦš 
£꯵ҲǦء֪ûн֪һαİһֱǰϧǷ˺۰쵡Ҳͬ˰ɣڽͻȻĸо 
գعһھƣɬЦΪոһ 
ٶһҲƶ߽ 
꯿ϵĽγԼرʱ̣ҪѣҪֵѡ 
˼ؿ˯еĽһۣȥ 
Ӱʧһɲǣۣþõؿʧĵط̾˿ 



ھ ٶȷĿ

       ȵ͸Ӱڵ棬ֿһ磬е֪Ϊȸһַꡣ 
Ѳ֪ǵڼˤڵء 
СġһأַסΡ 
Ҫܣ˦֣壬ѵǰߡ 
һˤˣٴηס 
ſңԼߡǿţһҪȥһҪ 
Ҳſģһûٷſᶨקκε 
㡣㡣ſҡѣܻغ 
ҲٷſģһȥʱˣͻȻ㡣һ̣֪ˣϲŮǿŮ 
ҲȥҪؼң첻һеغΪʲôؼңΪʲôҪԼȥ 
Ҳȥġһһ˵š 
ҾߣҲҪ߻ȥҲͬᶨؿ׵ 
ҪԿ 
ʹȴôҲǯƣֻϧѾûκηҪҲ˷ʱˡ 
ʲôʸҡؿ޺š 
ᣬ羹޴ޣް 
Ϊʲôһؼң֪֪Һõǡһһź磬Һòãһض𣿡磬ǸһֲԤУ££ 
ҡ˫εۣԥˡ 
磬֪ҺãҺ𣿴һȥʲôһǿߡ 
߰ɣǽҲ̣һ뵽һꯣľǱա 
֪ꯣ˭ؿʡ 
ͽܡڼҪˣΪֻǸꯡ 
񣿡૵ʡ 
ǵġ 
֪꯵£֪һУʵ 
ǵģǵһҿЦȻǵ겻СĿ꯲ѩİ죬ڵʱֵ£Ҳ˵֡һ˿ϧǰȻֻһû塣ǱˣΪüĿ棬ĲһС 
ΪĳЩԭò뿪ΪֻүȴٶΪȥļٶȸա 
͸ôһȥ֪⣬ڵֻȥ֪ĵƽ 
֪ѾˣΪʲôģȻû˵ʲô֪ûǼǹǸӡ 
ĬĬգòſڣ֪ˣǲҲ˰ˣ˵Щˣǻضɡ 
Ҫȥ֪õĻĽ̲סһ䡣 
ǰ㲻𣿡 
һСİ죬̾˿˵ʲôأܾܾľܾһˣԺ£Ժ˵ɡ 
˵أǵͷϵһ£ڰ֮ǰɣҴȥ 
Űͬʱѳ˱ʡ 
ȮҴҵظɫЩ԰סҲ֪Ƿʲô£⹷ġ 
ˡȮӵؿһˣôҲ벻͸Ϊʲô˲ˣǰһԴ󣬶һֱ䵭ѵѵѾϲˣҪ 
ʲôޣؿȮһ 
ȮˣǸΪֵܣΪ 
ҲŵؿһΪȻꯣɻ΢΢ķŭϾҲһĲ⡣ֻһʬ꯵ûɻ󣬸ûзŭеֻ̽Ī⡣ 
磬ôôҲǡʥĸ̲סʣʧʧĶ羹һħ 
ֻһѣοң㣡һһ䣬شʥĸϣǳʧˣˡЩ䵭԰켰϶ľһĻĻͷѹ˵ԶΡ 
˾ˣ̫ˣͦվ꯵ǰһҪƴӡ 
ôܣɲһǧǰ꯲мؿ˳һۣЦ 
ꯡۿҪˣϾæǰȰȴ꯸شˡ 
ߣҿɲһǧǰǸꯣɵΪһӣԸɢҸ㣬ͱң򡣡˵ţǹУطź⡣ 
羹ı顣ʥĸס㣬޺޵ؿꯡwaing barʱ֪ԲĶ֡һ˾ֳ˳ˣһǧξ޴档΢ϸһ㣬ͿԿصʹûУǺһС 
˼£۾ȴɳ˳ޡֿʼ꯵׷ɱ龰Ҳʼѡ뿪ĸףڻɽǧĸףСǧķ롣һжΪǸΪ˾˵ˡжĻһǧѾˣҪӰ£Ҫ 
ꯣһ죬ģ޺޵˵ĳˣһǧǰҪҡ 
㣬ľ˾ˡ̲ס˵һ䣬һĪиСоĲĮһʲôԭ 
Ҿ˾ˣǣغѾܹˣͥǶӣÿ˶˵һж꯸ġӣ³ɺ޷԰Ρ 
㡣ʥĸ۵رſҵĶӣؿ 
۵һ˿ʹŬرͷȮǸǧĹ 
ʲô¡䣬ɫҲ࣬ͺһжûзǱһӵſĸŮҲֻɵˡ 
ۣ˸ϾǰȥȮֺõ˵˱ˡԶĹԶǣ 
ȮĻŸ˵꣬ȻתȥóߣʥĸҲģ 
˼ؿʧķͻȻ뵽ʲôɫԽԽء 



ʮ 

       ɫϼⲼīվ£ڵȴʲô 
ˡ꯵ؿڡ 
һ㣬漴ЦˣתԼ꯵˵ͷ֪ҪһӢۼĬУСǧҵһͨˣѵǼ 
㲻𣿡üЦ 
ô֪һҵҴءЦʵ 
ģΪ֪̹ 
ǵģ֪Ϊ֪һȺôµҲֻмط̹ʥղģ֮һЩش̧ۣʱָֻ˸ղŵɡҪ֪̹岻ô׶Ըġ 
֪Ϊ֪žһ 
ǻǵ͹㡱ζؿЦ 
Ҳͬ͹㡣ҲͬŽ 
˾ţûгޣûƫеֻӢۼĬ괦Ĺ 
ߵߣһɫĽָ꯵ϡ̹䣬ֻֿ̹ܵʥϣ԰ﵽ㡣 
꯿̹Уֱȫʧ̧ͷõ˵һ䣺лл 
΢΢һЦһ꯵ļ򣺡Ϊǰ׸ģԺҪġ˵꣬Цȥ 
ĿͽӰʧ꯲ջĿ⡣Ҫͥһˣⶫ֮ʱӦòʲô¡ 
˵䣬һŮӳ꯵ǰϾǵǡ 
ͻȻֵŮӣ꯲ûŭ΢Ц㻳ɣ 
Ůüͷ˼˰죬̧ͷֻʶãΪʲôôš 
̾Ϣſ⣬òſڣѲʱġ 
ŮͬеصͷǰЩֵܸ㼸ǧ꣬㡣øǡŮֻţȴû꯵ѱ쳣ѿ 
ˣģȥ 
ˣҲ˵ʲôÿ˵Ĳʱǻһ֪̲סҪ˵ر뵽ղţǾҪƻļƻ˦ʥĸ⡣ 
ֵ𣿡̲סˡ 
꯲ûзֻεؿһĵؿڣûʲôֵֵõġûʹԼֵֵãҲҪʣΪػΡԴĸߺͷҪÿ֣Ҹûйֹ֪Ǳô࣬Ƿɢ 
㵱ʱá뵽Ǽ£뵽Ҫֵ£ľͲɵѹΪҲᡣ 
ûϵ㲻Ҫ𡣡ߵǰȥ۽ǵˮ 
磬ҡʵؽͷ꯵ǰĵĿ 
ġͻȻ䣬֪ȥοֻļ֪ΪǼ£ھΡȴ֪ο֪һжԸġ 
Ҳ֪˶ãĲ̧ͷ 
磬̹ô𣿡 
ôģˣЦۡ 
ûأдڣҲŲءֻǴҲҪۿҪ޳ˣ治֪ԭᾹôĶࡣ 
ģ˵ǼĲ̫ˡ꯹ü 
ǴûоңԼҲᡣֻһյûĵĵƶѡ 
ǧǰʹˣֻʱֻһǿķû˼룬ûоꡣֱʧȥ˵ģһ˵УԼʶȴ쳣Ҳ֪˶ãһǿҵĹ⽫ѣãȻۣһԼ۾硣 
֪ԼԭǵزҲ֪ԼǶԿ̹ΨһϣΪ˲κ֪Ĵڣز÷εطͬһꯣͬһĵΡ˴Լ˰ٶֱ꣬ȪԹ֮꯵ڣˣҲ֪ĴڡԹ֮űƣԭԹ֮רԱƵġΪ̹Ψһ˼ɣΪǵĿģҪ׵ϾյΪ֮ʣ꯾ǵķ޸ƣԼĻǽԹ֮ѹڡҲΪǴΣſʱ뿪ƣ 
û˷ֽţҲû˷ѾϾҲΪѻ١ 
ģҪоԸ̹ţľͲҪˡ֪ǼˣСͻȻôҪܣǲ̫˵㡣ڣԼʲôأǵȱ֮ǰԼĻĽøӦǺ͸˰ɣ˿Ӧָ϶𡣡վǵ¹⡣ 
硣ԽԽʹı飬̲סг磬֪㻹ˣǶθ黹ǱõˡǵС˵ʧ黹ǻڡļ仹ڣû˵ȴǰ飬ǻٻһ 
ˣģҪͥˡһ˵뵽Ƕ뵽˵ĻĶʱ絶ʰܡ 
Ŀһۣ̾˿漴һ꯵ڡ 
εؿһҡڵؽԼڣϰҪ󷽵ؽɡ꯻ûô£ţҡҡͷȥ 



ʮһ һ

       ԰ 
ԭںҲܿ˵ޣԭҲԲҪ䡣ȥоһĴ 
ǵϲϲĶ̹ʥʱǻһЩҲ˵ģԺʲô㶼Ҫһӭ⣬֡ʱ򣬰ְҲǻ߹Ҹӵǡ֪ԭԼʹȡĳɳǵ⡣ 
ְ֣裬ʲôʱܼǣĺǡ 
£óһӣħҵĴұǰʱ䣬ëǰøġ 
裬Ҳʧģһǳġ 
ֳħᶨԶС֡ 
ģ㡣һĵĴ󣬳Ҳסˡ 
ʲô𣿡ȻһЦΪȻ˵ 
ô֡òײĴС·ڡ 
Ҳ֪ҽģҪֳҵΡǰʱ䣬ŬϲСҪԼҪеԼˡˣһһõĻҲ͹ˣֻǱ˵ 
ǣġ㻹˵ʲôȴĸˡ 
㣬ɽĸףҲҪҵİְ衣 
ǿ԰㣬㡣 
ļشϡԼҽΪҵˣҲӵħ 
ģѵҪ뿪𣿡㼤סģһͻʧòײε꣬ҪҪʧȥҪٳ׶ĵۡ 
㣬վһˡʹرͷ̹ħǣĴֻΪְȻڻְ֪𣬵֪һνҲ֮ʧ 
г㣬㲻Ҫľ˾ˣǰǵġܷʲôǧҪ˺ˡᣬ۵Ȼ£ټˣεĲᣬվҪ롣 
ۿԽԽԶʧһηĲССŽȻͬ顣ãˣ֪ԼǽĵС𽥰ģǸ̹ŵħǡ 
ϵʱ꯵ȥͥߺ󣬳ҲͬʥĸȥˡֵһȺˣֻʣ£ᷨĸǿµëˡ 
˴к󣬰ҲҴҵȥǣһθĸû 
վǰͻȻ֪ô죬ýȥܽȥԼʲôʸȥأ 
Ļһڶ𣬡Ұ϶𡣡Ҳ뿴㡣ôãĻʹһ統ҲѾ˫˫˰ɡ 
Ҫȥ𣿡ʵ 
һο˸ߴһۣҪεؿۣٶʱһƬ峺 
ȥǰɡԳ㵱ϷħûȥݷùأҲûطȥ˳ȥǿɡ 
ͷŰ־ҪƶȥķѾָһЩ޷ԼƣҲҺߣ治֪ôˡ 
ת֮ʣȮˣʱЩ˵ 
ġĹ 
һ𣬻תͷͻȻ䣬еЩ£Ҳǡ 
ֻȮһʱһҲԼЩʧЩȫУϵЦҲȥ 
Ĺ㣿Ȯĵȥ֣ȴ˴ֱش䡣 
㡣ߵ̧ͷŷ߻һİӡһ˫Ϭۣ˿ݺݵضԼȮ̿ˮԾ߿˿ 
Ŷ硣쵭õؽţŵؿſڣ߶ް㡣 
Ȯע⵽Ϊ˵ĳ֣æ˵ŶȥȻͻĹҪȥɡ 
ˣˡһȻҪ쾪ŵҡͷ 
¼ڿ쵽ħʱʡ 
ûУ˭˵ģһرš 
㻹֪ĵ˵ţΪʲôҪִţ֪ǣȴ޷˵ؼǵˡԼֺγˣ֪ᰮԼһԸΪһԸж 
磬ǲҪ˺𣿡ÿ˵£ֵܻò졣޷˵ԼꯣҲ޷˵ԼȥҲһˣԶҲ֪⣬޷ȥرΣ֪վҪˡ 
磬ҡ 
˵ˣ𣿡֪Ҫ˵ʲô֪õĻĴ𰸣ǲԸȥɣԴһΡû뵽Լ䵽һΪһŮ˽Լ 
еһʹ찡˺һ˰˰ȥ˺κˣȴ˺˵һûдĻǴֻ˭ 



ʮ ͥΣ˭˽⣿

       £΢ص˵ͷкˡ 
ϵ۶ʱɵۣһĲš˵һǧһֱڵزߣԵزĴȱӦѻȥ˵ΪΣھǧǰҪ俢ǰȻĲ鲻ԸǻԳһС񡱣ɽ졣 
ۣĸѱĵҲȻһĨ־塣֪Ѳҵģ˵ǰꯣ֪ôԼ񣬾һ̣֪Ѿʧȥİաͬһ䣬һΣյźţΪĸҲЩľ 
ڣÿ˶ڿĸÿ˶ڿһϷ˭֪ǧǰĸһֱڻһ˫˫ۣڴĸ꯵зȻǧδȴûطĿ֣෴еֻǿ־벻һǧû˾ûЩ˼ʵӰǶôɣôѣȫȫΪһɵĿ֡ 
㣬ΨһҲǳ޵ؿǧѻԹ޳Ŀ꯾о£ڳ޷޶ԡĬĬĵ̾˿ҲãԽǺԼͻԽȫ뵽⣬ҲͽȻˡ 
ǣüؿվߵǸŮȴ꯵ġ 
ֻŮɫСףɫȹǰɫƤѥսħһ˭ҶơȫͥΪ 
ħʮ˿ġԺš 
ԭħġĸؿһۣĵ˵һ඼ͥʵ 
￴ࣿɱˣǧǰҪôܴħ磬ΪͳߣĲʾػؾ 
㡣ĸûôӱ뼸˭ָ 
֪кιɣ꯲ͷؿĸŮ˶ʲôʱˣƽЩ¡ 
һ˵ٶҲٷˡ֪ͥʱҪ꯵İҲǰǿԷƢڻΪáˣʾһ㡣 
ղţ̹峤ħһ빣Ҫͥʱڳ磬Ѫϴͥ۵˵ 
ȥ氡Ҳ֪˭˵һ䣬һƬͥϰ 
Ҳڴʱӵͬ빡ĸ 
 
ʲôô죿 
 
¶ʱһƬڣǾʧ룬ǽĿͷ˿ꯡǰǺ޲ýȴ˾ǡ»û˻¡ 
ꯣ㡣꯰죬۲ſڡ 
һһֱͥ꯵һ仰ʷϲһ䡣ɶԼͨһҲô 
£֪̹ͥԨԴŲݿܵĿ϶Ըо̹ͥһξףҲԭ˽ľ档 
̹ǧǰһͬΪ̹źˡħ磬Ϊס̹˲֮£ؼаħӴ˶Ϊħ塣۴ĴΧ̹ħ壬ǴӴ˷֮ڡҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ǹ˷ӡر 
Եز̫ţ֪ĸһʲôҲǡؼġ 
ʱˣѵ˵Ѳɣĸŭغȵ 
Ըˡ˿ĸŭЦ 
Ҳ飬Ҳ꯵ƣĸر죬˵ʲô 
ԽԽȥ˴ĵµƣôҲѧġҲǰһֳݣȴоޱȵķޱȵᡣͻȻһҪ˺ĳ嶯Ҳ֪ꯣΪʲô˴ĺ⣬ԼҲоЩ˼顣 
ꯣΪֻſԡƵؿꯣֽš£Ҳԡ 
ĸ׼֮ʣȳˣԣ㣿ҵ 
ꯣ㡣Ҳ˵ˣһ˫һ𣬺޲ý꯸ճɻҽ 
ˣ㣬ͲҪˣ˾˾ͺˡۿ˿˵ 
Ҿ˾ˣŭطΪʲôҲҪǸˣ 
ãһ治˦һ仰ﳤȥۣΪѸĸкûС 
ĳɵؿ˳һۣҲȥ㰡㣬ѵо˾ڱ 
ĸɫɰת࣬תףḻƮơ 
ɥصͷɼĶĿ࿴ģû뵽ȴһ衣ꯣһŹġ޺޵˵ 
Ҳ̫ᣬûоĥ֪뿪ԭ֪꯶һģ 



ʮ ƫɽ

       µƻƮݣһʱʲôڱ䣬ֻпеƣǧǰһҲѲǵǶˡ 
Զ˿Ȼ֪ĽʱĻǻʹǣֻϣܹȫضⳡѣԼһĨЦ 
Ҳ֪Сˣ뵽ģľͽסѹһôǿôǿŮҲǧǰԵʰɣ縸װĹذ 
ֵ𣿡һ 
꯻عͷһŮԴ˵ؿԼɷġ 
ʲôüͷ塣 
ݸһЦ֪ԼҲͷĵسˣ𣿡 
꯽üһɨĿϬ顣 
εգգۣ״ͣ£Զĺãϴ 
˵ɣʲô£һۡ 
Ҹһ桱򵥵˵⡣ 
˼صͷ֪ˡ 
꯲Լε̾˿治ף㣬ΪʲôҪôάǣ 
ҵ¡꯿Ҳûһۣ˵ 
ɶõʱ㣬ù͹Ӳţô꣬ѵףҲ꯵ĮȰ˵ 
˵ô࣬޷ȰĳͶ̹ɡתۿ飬˵ 
˵ôֻҪ̹壬ػˣһᰲȫõشߡ꯱ִˣ㲻ԼҲһˣ𣿡Ȱ 
лĺ⣬ĳ֪ɽлƫɽеˡ 
ҶֻΪˣβһҵĴ£ͥѲǰֺͥαأ 
ΪǡЦ˵ 
ȻִˣҲ޻˵ϣ´μʱǲǵˡϧؿһۣ˵ʵʵڲϣΪС䲻Ǹϵˣл޿ĵλҲ˿ĵȰȻ֪ܣ̲סԡ 
ȥ㸸꯺סҪȥ顣 
û˰ˡˣȷʵ꯶ԼʲôɫҪȻҲԼǹҵǸˡ 
ҪȥͻȻ龹Щϣȥ֪ԴꯡȻһʲôѲ꯱ȼ廹ҪҪʶҡҡͷҲѹĻ͸˵ŰȻƶȥ 
˼Ļӿ϶̹ͥйڡ֪֪ˣвȥ֮ 
̤ħŷ϶𣬰ٻڣʲôÿ϶һӥرǳ۵׻¶˿˿ɱ⡣ʥĸһľܵ˴Ĵֻ϶𾲾ߣʹͷʲô顣 
ǰٻۼ⿴˳ſڵİ죬ã 
ʥĸ㶼ֹۣͣתͷ죬ֹס 
˵ӵ£¡ 
˵飬϶ԵЩΣϾwaiting barǶβ˵ġ 
ףãλ˭ܽܣٻس켷˼ۣԵ˵ 
ǰѣǽͺˡ缫зȵ氽ش 
ѰŮѣǣٻĵʡ 
ٻ㣡Щص˰ٻһۡ 
˺ˣǾúúϢ°ɡʥĸע⵽˰˵˾乫ֹ˰ٻڻ 
쳯ܿһۣʵأǵԼʱ˵˵ʥĸȥ׷ˣѵû׷ϣ 
˲һգ߷ߵ˵ʼղףΪʲôһһ˼룬統ƶһ뿪Լ 
㣬ô˵˾ˡŭ֪ʱ䷢£ȻҲͲ֪꯵Ĺˡ 
˾ˣߣ䣡㲻м졣 
㣬̫ˣŭҲǵͨ죬Ҳŭš 
ã𼤶ʥĸæһѷס죬ȴ˦ 
磬ôô˵ֻоԼĶˣΪʲôô࣬ϧɢҲҪȫǡõȴĽΪʲô 
ʥĸһ㣬ȦҲʼˣ뵽ǰĶ磬Ҳţ羹ȻϧñָԼ 
㲻Ҫѹĸ̫ˡοĸ׵ĳ㣬Щؿ򰽺졣 
ǰãͲ֪жɶ񡣡ٻİļ硣 
ΪǸô࣬Ǿ˵Ĳ˽оһĺΪʲôǲǵõǵʱôôΪ롣ΪʲôǾǲ϶һأ 
ã㣬㾹Ȼ˵ٻҲЩ 
Ҳǰʵʵ˵Ҫô˵ף 
ã㲻֪ҶѾˣȫĵرˣҶЩ־塣ʥĸʹرֺۣγԸ⿴ǰĶ磬ֺγԸһ˹ӣ 
ȻˣҿҲûʲôġ˿΢ƽЩ 
áʥĸҪסȴַҲɣҲա 
ڰ֮߳ʣ϶ͻȻãȵҡ 
عͷЩȻص˵ͷ 



ʮ ̹ʥصѪ

       һ·ţ˭Ҳûȿڣû뵽޻̸Ľã쾹˵İͻȻͣ½Ųһ˿ңŽµĶϼƣžԼδָܵ˿ŷ粢ûиȥˣɻü˼βŲߵ϶֡ 
϶ûע⵽˫ԶƮˡҲͣ½Ųתͷ򰽺죬ŻңΡ 
Բ 
̧ͷ϶ɻ󣬲⣬ǻȻ 
϶㲻ˣ벻ûжԴ첻ҡҡͷЦ 
϶ЩؿŰ죬ǰ벻˭ܿƵ˵أǹΪɣӲһ֡ 
𣿡ԳЦЦ 
á϶ʹػţǸ飬һеĹΪʲôоôİ 
ʾҡҡͷ˵Ҳ縴˵ģǵĺĶ죬ڱˡ 
϶Ҳ֪˵ʲôһ˳Ĭ 
϶㣬Ҳ𣿡뵽ղŷħһĻ컹̲סˡ 
϶ĵ̧ͷ֪ԶҲһ磺ΣΣ 
͸һοܿĵġͻȻ뵽ǧǰЩҹڼį尾סܶ룬ʱߵ϶㣬һܿģҲһһĽ֡ 
϶ҡҡͷʼ޷簽ȫĵΣҲǰ޷ˡҲ縺̫࣬Ҳ 
ͻȻ뵽ǰãΪİ޷ˣԹ޻ڡҲֻ˲վߣЦı 
ã㡣 
쿴Щգ԰׵ҲЩѪ졣 
֪Ҫ˵ʲô϶𲻿ŵؿЩİ졣 
֪϶㣬ȦʼЩˣȫȻ϶Ȼ۹⣬˵šϲҸԸ⿴ġʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳǰ޷ҶˡϿʼ¶ЦݣһַĵЦ 
ԭѰ֮ͻȻ뵽ԼҲȫֻҪģһ̵ĸ鰡ͻȻ䣬˭Ҳ˵˭أŬ˼ţһ⻮͵ѡ࣬Ǹ飬ǿӣôһĻĻ糱ˮϮһǧһֱһӣ绹һ˰ˡ 
࣬ǧĺٴļ䣬֪ʹ໹εرۡҲѡǿѹĵ׵ʹУغһ 
϶㡱϶ԶȥıӰȥ׷ŷԼ޷ƣֻաؿĨӰ󻯳һ㡣 
ôˣ૵Լشգһ˿˿⡣ 
ͻȻоһһĨŷԭ档㵵ؿеᣬԭԼݵ֮ 
վ̫ࡣòˣĻʹǿԼǡ 
Ҳ˸Ӧزң˵֣ظ 
࣬ꯣѵУ˺ 
ţʹţȫȻûһ˽һп۵ס 
󲢲֡һ 
϶һ͵ۣУѵ¡ 
ֻһĪľţôˣĿڣŷྐྵرĿ졣̧ţԼʧȥ޷ƣ뻹ȥ硣 
׼תʱѼƶǽΡ 
ôˣ쵣ĵʡ 
ûʲôһ£ȥ£Ͼͻǵñܰ缱š 
ңֲᣬȥˣֻʣ۵Ľˡ 
ʲôˣȥķ򣬰૵ʡ 
һͣ£һͨĶںڵİģŶʬ帯õζ 
Ҹ棬ԼСĵ㡣鿴Щǡ 
лл꯵˵ͷ;ֱȥˡ 
˭Ҫл˵ȴһĨ˵Ц 
һƬžֻнŲŲмڰһǿŷ־ѵȻ޴棬Ҳ޷ 
֮ʣͻȻһƬۿȥһ⾰ϼ磬ƣɽҲˡ 
治Ƕֱ츮̳ 
̧ͷȥֻɫʯ̳վһˡһ˵ģȫɢһ֮üĿźε͡ 
꯼ŵۡ꯹ȴǲ 
սϲŵ۴ЦüĿ֮ɫȴǸΪŨء 
ŵһߴꯣһЦҲѹұŮ˽ġ 
ŵۡ˵ʲôȴŵ۸ֹˡ 
أкܶʰɡŵ۽Цݣɫ˵ 
ŵ۳ȫ˵ 
ʲôʰɡŵ˵ 
֪̹ͥĶԹ 
ŵһ㣬Щ⡣ĸûи𣿡κε 
ҡҡͷŵۿ꯰ſڣðɣȻ֪Ҿ͸㡣 
ǧǰ̹һ̹źˣһ̹ʥءҲһš۲ʹƽӣһƾͥǾͼס̹ʥءһ屻ֳݣûʲôȴҲһֱల¡ֱħʢղУħͳ硣̹ʥȴһֱһ龻һͻȻ̹ʥأһħ硣ǻǴӦˣû뵽ȴԼٲԨŵͣͣ˵ţһδսУħܣҲȻȡħλͳ硣Ҳٴλ̹ʥأΪԼȴû뵽һǵεؼĵסŵ۵нֳ⡰һǧȥͥμͥʢᣬȴû뵽ʵ̼ġ뿪󣬾Ѫϴ̹ʥءǻʥأѾ̫ˣ͵ʥһƬ档ֻǿģʣһĻꡣŵʹرۣǰһĻٴγԺ 
ôҲû뵽һ࣬ŵʹŤͻȻв̡ 
ŵ˿˵šʱҲĴ񼰷ħͣսһսӵ֮ġɱңֻýҷӡҲ£ֻǽõطӡ֮ġҲȥƷӡȴŮظϵǾԼԪ·ӡû뵽ǣ̹岻ôģ£ؼʼаԹħǸԹѪӴǳΪ˽ʬŵ۵˫𽥵طŹâµµΪɣǲ֪Ҫǿٱ 
ɻعŵۣ˵ǽʬȴϿһ˿ûʲôԹ 
ʶ꯵ɻ󣬹ŵԺЦЦһ⡣ǵȻмħͬ裬ƴͻˣﵽ˵ľ磬ӴҲҪѪҲûԹ 
ԭ塱ŵеǵ꯻ȻҲЩǡ 
ǸˣӦ֪ôˡŵصͷ 
ˡŵ۵˼˿Ҳֻװɵˡ 
ŵۺشЦȻ֪ھܾϣ˵Ȼ֪ǱҪ˵컹ѡԲؼŻؾҡ 
꯳ʱ˿һؼʶ˹ŵ۵׵طסԼķҺ׼÷Ʒӡǲ롣 



ʮ ǿ幫

       ڻͥ·ϣ꯲ͣ˼Źŵۻеĺ壬ԽԽоľ 
֪ԼЩڰʾԼ̹ͥĶ֡Ĵ񼰷ħͣս춼ֻܽǷӡοǽȣͥҲѲǰ㡣 
¾ǷҲǵĶ֣ǵý˵һƻѲ߻꣬Լô򵥣бƿҲʤ㡣 
ͥǰ˿ûָˣ뵽ľǦءȻʱжпɿŵ۶ڵ̹ʥصѪǶôʹĹǣʱҲ޷֡ 
֪Լ֪Ѷˣǲ֪̹岻Ȼˡ 
أһƬյͣǰ治ԶǷħͨĵƻӷʱʱʱЦûңǹúܿģȻصͷҪ߿ȴʯ㱻ס 
첻֪Լ˶ãֻ֪Ŷվˣ罥Щ⣬̫Ҳջɽ֪˼һȻǶԣֻһµĿʼɶԼأǷҲˣ 
ʶؽ˽˫ۣǰЩչţûڲ֪ԭʧȥ˷Ҳ緲˰䡣 
Щ˵˫ţűԵţڴЩҲ֪ôˣ飬Ʒʲô£̾Լʧȥ˷ͬȥ 
ԶԶغǰһˣճյؿŷħоԼĶˣͻȻ䣬ӿĳ嶯˫ȴʹؼվǡ 
Ҳ̫ûзԼţˡһ룬ݺݵشϡ 
һƬžֻпУƮЦ쾯ؿǸӰ֪ԼϿ뿪عͻᷢԼȴƲٹԼС 
ˣˡһӰر֪Ȯʧ̬ǳʲô°ɣ 
ôˣЩա 
ϡ϶ʧˡȮĻôܣҲ˲Ƿ꯷ֻ֣һصˤڵϡ 
ĹȮ 
Ҳһ㣬һšʲô֣۾תȮ 
øҵģ˵һ˴һֽ˵æǰͳݸꯡ 
꯵ɫԽԽ࣬Ȯ̲סһ䣺ˣʲôˣ 
ȮһʲôϢ̱ҡ˵꣬ȮкηӦͼƳ½ȥ 
ꯣȵҡһҲ룬ȥ 
Լʧȥ޷ƣֻ̫ؿԼٵµû뵽Լʷһˤɣ治һͨЦ 
֪ʱǲǻᱻԼԳûǷŹģû뵽˻ҪǸָָ㡣ŮТԭŮ 
ꯣ뵽ǸˣĻһʹҵ϶ģûԼǻֵܿġʱǱˣοһصԼ 
 
ȥĻһĻĻɿתŶХķ磬رۣȴӴһ˲ 
Ҳֻһ˲Ҳ˺ܾãͣˣʹҲûдǵһ޻С 
ɻۣӡһĿ˫ϤȴЩİĿ 
ҡҡҪڣȴֺлհܡ𣿻ǲ˻þ 
㲻ΣҲǻþؿڣ˫ȴûҪɿ˼ 
ź֪ط֣Լ꯵Ļ˫ֻץ죬ɲرͨ죬Ҫȴ˫ȴø 
ˤͱ𶯣Զ˵ 
ûֻýӲţȴڰ㣬ƽϢ 
꯿˻еİһۣѹͷͻУ·ΪʲôͻȻ䷨ȫޣҲʡ 
Լˤȥ͸ɴ౧Īĸдȴ֡ 
컹ûдѣ˾һּС·ϡ 
ô𣿡𡣻ûӦζ˾ѱصˤڵϡ 
ʹűˤʹƨɣŵؿǰӡǸղǸԼ 
Ӳˤһ仰¼ƶȥûʱضǰһСԼԵģһ֪ͨġ˵ţһҡ 
ԶȥҲʹֱֱ׷˹ȥƣֻһ·š 
ֻ֪ԼҪ뿪Ҫߣֱҵ϶𡣾ﲻʲôæٿͬʿࡣ 
վƲ꯲ûȥ뿴ȫǡϾû˷һŮӰҹЩȫɵ˰ΣھбʱŸЩůɫһƬ̣ĿҲǿ߳㡣 
ϵİˤһʣѲ֪ǵڼˡ꯽ȭͷĿҲ 
ͻȻһתٵԶȥֻʣһŻȴ 
ᶨԶǰȥȫʹǾǿ̧ͷֱһ׶༪٣ҲҪߡ 
ҹԽԽڣûҲǡ 
Ұ޵˺žҹĴ̶ֲ 
쿴˿ǰĴɽ֪ԼѾû˷ȴ緲ˡһӵĳɣǿ˫š 
Ҳ֪˶ãſʼʹҲЩҡΣǼǰšУطһԽԽ 
ͣ½Ųؿǰ˰ɣ 
ڴʱһӰдܳһ˫ںڰз׹⡣ 
һһǡǶˣһֲžԼû˷ô죿˺û뵽ΪҰǵ 
ҲᵽϵٳٲǰᣬȥҲֻǿûж 
ͻȻоЩ쳣һתŷԼѱȺΧˡȺرƽǺټѵҪΪҰǵ 
˹ʱ͵ͷһͣûк˶ǳȥҰôҲû뵽ᳯԼһʱͷͬˤһ 
ʧʧæǰȥܵùбܵȺۿҪ׷ˡ 
ͻȻһһ˺ۣһֱֱڵϡ 
⡣ɻתͷĿһ˰ɡҪǸͻоǰһڡ 
ֿطסҺĸϻˣҪһ幫һȺҰǸǲЦ𡣲ͬȺѾͷġ 
ŷȫûһǸɾģɫȹѿɫϣҲѪ߰ߡ 
ɫԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ䣬Х磬ҲηǰɨʬһۣŰƶȥʬҲȥ󣬻һʧ١ 
ɢ湻ݵģڰ߳һˣ¶һǿҵĺ⡣ 



ʮ 

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ʮ ĸŭȮ

       ǧǰħսħսܣҲһҹʵǣù󣬿ʼû䡣û֪ڳʱ顣 ʱ޿̲һ̵ĵƾԼͳһħ缰ͥҹ˥ʱںڰǰſ˻ӵԶŵ̹˶ɻ˰ٶǰǰ˼ػߣռŮ̹ŷӡһٶ̹ˣҲͬʱΪǵģһˮӴ½ԼǵټֱҲû֪˳ࡣ 
Ѿ£ذòκιߡ 
ֱԼɼӰһֱͦһգʲô 
áҲһƬֺ֮ɫ 
Ǹˣͦţ۹ɿԶ⣬׷ʲô£ 
ҪΪͨһڵء 
ôˣϵ𣬿Կóϧġ 
ɱµˣ˵峤Ҳɱ󡣡ߵţһ֪ҵ³ȴ֪»ǣ塣 
дߵս˫ȭҲ׹⡣δϲ֪ԼĻͿˡҲ̫˷ˡ 
ֻôģ 
ҡûɱҵ˵ġһ㣬Ͻ˵ 
ɲǺǵġζ˵ 
ߣʲô˲ģѵ廹ɣⲻذͷ 
˭˵ֻǡһʱ䣬֪˵ 
̹Эɣ䣬һӰǰ 
ǣɻü˼Ȼ֪̹Э飬򵥡 
Ŷ̹ǡϲæŸܡ 
¡ڰ֣Ľܣ۹⿴һԵĻ˵£Ӧþʮ֮һǻĻ֮ 
֮һ㣬漴ЦȻ̹ˣ֮ 
лЦˡЦŵ˵ͷ 
֪кιɡ֮Ӳرͷ״ҲֻЦЦ 
л̹廹Щᡣ 
ߣ֮ɴ˫Ŀѹֵŭ 
ǹϣɱߵλ幫ɫ˵ 
ΪʲôԼ֣֮ʵΪҪɱꯣȴû뵽һʧȥ幫 
̹Ӧһˣ˺οǹҲԳ档 
ΪʲôҪɱ֮ʵ 
лûʵ̫𣿡 
Ҫᣬֻǲɱ޹Ϊ̹ǸЭ϶˦ͷȥǻ衣 
ɱ޹û뵽Ϊײе廤оҲ˵ĸ֣ǻ֮ 
֮ɫһһף˫Ҳյ̫ 
ҲЦˣҲǸоûʲô˼ֹͣЦǣһĨءɲ򵥣С 
ģ嶨Э顣֮ҧгݵ˵ 
һۣЦǾ;˵꣬ƮԶ 
С֮һۡ 
ãһ֮һо˭еŭûأⲻײǹϣ²ѲƤŹ֡ 
ҲƲʶһ㣬ѾˣΪ֮ŭؿ 
ͥ  
ʲô꯲ˣ۵ľ̶Ȳڵմϵ 
µȺѲ˵ʲôֻǽͷ͵øͣһСľͱ㵽Լ 
ȮǰʻĸϾ֪Ȯһ֪꯵ڡ 
ͨ˳ȥ󣬳ǰһ߷ߵ˵£ΪûꯣͥҲɶȹѡ 
㣬֪ģֻ㻹֪̹˵Ͼæǰһס˵⺢ôô֪ߵغ̹ģ 
ˣ㣬֪ģȥɡҲ˵ 
ǡ㲻ض죬ȴְ۵ϣֻò鲻Ը¡ 
ʱȮˣƽһܲأ 
ȮȮ齫⵱ˣ۲ͷȵ 
Ȯһ뵽ۣĸڵϵȴĻػأ鼱֮£ϰԵһ߿˿ŷԭ˲ڡĶʱˣȫҲſʼ 
Ȯ֪ȥȮųһʱ뵽ʧȥǹҲǺܣʵ 
ˡȥ϶ˡ 
ʲôֻûϷ꯼ȻİΣȥСС¹ӡ 
ĺĸҧгݵ˵ 
ʱһƬڣղŻһʹͷھ̧໥ϸţš 
ˡߵһ˦䣬¶ʱһƬྲ 
Ȯȥһĸ 
˲ȥȮܵط 
ʲô˵ʲôĸŵؿɫŵ÷׵Ȯ 
һƬڣβֻǽͷӶָȮһˡﷸ 
ҡҡȮͷܱˣܣͦͦءҲܱˡɵֻ֪ܵΣսܵʲôΣղҪȥ˭֪˵ĸҲɿڡ治֪ǸôһֻĵĹǸñôһֻ 
˰ȮҹؽΡĸŭɽҵغȵ 
Ȯ壬ȥҰ߽Ȯ˵ϾദһǧȮĸ顣ڿѣҲرܡ 
УȮ֪ôȰſ˵ĳޣǶ˶ֻ³֡ 
ɡ״Ͼæǰһ 
ɣѵѺһȨû𣿡ĸڵõڵ˶Ծ˺һ 
ǹѺİȮʱһ֮ô죿Ҳ˵ĸˣһʱ䣬ûз 
 
һ־ˣֻгھκ꯵ԹǸΪˡΪγͷꯣԼȴֻĬĬظıޣסԼеĹâÿֻ˵Լ꯵ͺܵϷħҲմ꯵Ĺ⡣ 



ʮ ı

        峿һĨƵƽߣʾȨ 
˯ۣѾǵڶˣͻȻʱúÿ죬ӦҪ˰ɡţʹӴЩ۵¡뵽ΪģͲ˫һ糺졣 
شŲľķ㣬£һ졣ǲԾ΢΢ 
СݵһĴᣲΪܻʱġ˿ڷУţһƤĺͯ 
Ϊ꯵ϸĶжţҲͬʱΪЩ˸СǼͺƸŲᣲûȥʲôʱǲܳȥᣲ 
͵һԼЩʲôϽ˫ֻЩ̡Щҵĳ 
һʰͣᣲҲǽţ־Щ 
ƿӳһ˯һžµҲҪ̾첻Ծڴ£ؿ˯еˡȥյĮ˿̵ǸӤȫɢѣĿĹâ 
۽رţĽë΢΢Щ̡̲ס뿴Ľëһ˫˵ۡ 
ΨһЩЭǣüëܺÿĽüȴǽšʲô£Ϊжǽ˫üԼܷƽü壬ԼǸչˡɡ 
ֿ촥üʱ͵ؾѣվæջԼ֡ʲôžķֻԼҵܵؽָؿڣ޷Īļ¶ 
غһҲƽࡣߵԼĴ߱һӣظϡʮµ峿Щ䡣򿪷ţº͵̫ϡ 
Ĺһ̶ 
תͷֻվˣһһңԼ˵վԼǰĺӡ 
ǣ쾯ؿˣʵ 
⣬λлӵؽš 
壿ͻȻ뵽ɽϮԼȺҰǣԾһ 
ĹԲסˣ⣡ ֮Ǹس쿴ۣʾж̲ıԣֻ̹Э飬ǲƻҲƻ 
ʱû֮ĻΪ˯еꯣ 
Ҫʲô챾ܵס⣬ȴԼûУҲѲǵˡ 
ݺݵؽƿڿ֮ûز뷿䡣ǵ˵ƽϢȪʱһЩԹ֮Ͼǲ֪Թ֮һ壬ԶҲܱƳֱһ 
Թ֮ѾʱҲˡ 
˻ǵԼʵġ 
Թ֮Ὣסһβһγֱ 
Ȼģɡ뻹Ǳյĺã⽫Ųأ۾һգգضŴϡ 
Ҫʲôꯣ꯿ڵϵİ죬ҪŷѱʩȫãֻʹغţɴûκεĶ 
²ˣ֮Ҳ쵽꯻˯ôʲôıΡ 
ԽǰԽزٻˣԭһ˵ 
꯰û뵽ӢһȴҪʬѴ档 
Ӧøлңлʹ࣬㲻ȥԸõĽ֡ţǣһĨпЦ 
һһڿ 
룿쾪ֵؿ꯵롣룬һΣħ缫ײеĶ룬˵רΪԸ͵ġߣ걻ڶ㣬 
ꯣΪʲôûҲֻһ˲ȴоǧرۣȥ 
һһڿڵصڵϣ̧ۣһɫ·մվ꯵Ĵǰ 
㣡ıƻ⵱Ȼһŭݡȴ˿ûнͣһҲм 
ƣڿ˺󣬰쾪ϲᣬ뿪waiting bar󣬾Ͳټû뵽쾹 
Ĺû°ɣƹеʡ 
û£ 
ղƣʱ֮߹һӵؿŲơ 
ǣֱᶨصͷ 
ռղƣ ̫֮ҿ϶ 
ǲһֱ𣿡Ʒʵ 
Ҫ治Ǽ׵¡ ֮Ц˰ΪѰռˣǷϾ˼ҪǴͲӦó 
Ӧ֪ĸԸץҲûá 
֮һ㣬ȷʵǣҪǰ˰Ҳ˱˵ѵλĸԸ 
ԸߣҪǡ˵ţ۹ɨ˴ϵ꯼ڵϵİһۡ 
˵ģΪǣ ֮ŵü˰ûдӦڿ 
ҵѣΪѣʲôɵģ 
ô󣿡֪öʣ̲֮סˡ 
Ѿû飬˵䲻󣿡Ȼشۡ 
֮ԥҪҪȥ 
 ֮ʼҡ˵һ꯵ĺûᣬɲܾװ׶ 
Ӧ֪ĿǰĴֻҲп 
ɣ֪ҪܵĿࣿǿɲһĿࡣ Ӧò֪ٵĽ龰 
ҵȻ֪ҪŹǡ 
ûҵʱֻϣҵɶҵˣȴԥˡΪ˺̹ԼֵʱֲԸأǼҪĸԸ 
ŵλᣬԺͺˡѵԶؾ̹֮£׹䣿 
˼˰죬̧ͷżᶨ 
ãҴӦ㣡 
⾪ֵؽгţǵĻ˺̹Լ 
Ѿˡ 
ллƸмЦ 
ƣڲҪȥʱ쾪е 
úñأӵؿһۣһĨ׾΢Цһš 




ʮ Яֹ

       ʧ󣬰طԼܶˣ˲ɿܵ꯵Ĵߣڳ˯С 
ôˣôĶûǲǳʲôˣԽԽǼȴҲķ 
ʱ꯵Լһ⣬͵ۣһżİҲһ 
ꯣ㡣ˡմӾлָİ죬Ҳ˲ǷĻС 
ҲûжţϿ 
Ҳǿˣ̧ۣŷڴϣʱ͸˵ķѡæվҪȴֲ֪˵һʱ䣬εվǡ 
ûŵӰ꯾оһĪʧС 
Ӧİ죬뵽Ӧýղŵ¸ߣ˳Ϊβ¡ 
֪꯵˵ 
֪첻ŵؿΪʲô֪֪һ㣬ûˡѵԼڿЦ 
һֱѵġ֪ԼΪʲôҪȥͣĸо 
Ϊʲô֪֪Ϊ˾ǱץˡȻ֪϶Լԭ򣬿̲סȥָΪʲôһάѣֵܱ䵭 
Ҫġɨһۣ˵һ޲ص¡ 
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôʹĵš 
Ҫô˺̹ԼأվߵſڣϸϸԼϡԼҲûзһ̺󣬶ů˸᲻С 
ǵѡͻı޷ȥ˼ 
Ҫɴ£ʱӦòֶΡ꯵˸Į 
ǾͲ첻֪Լ˵Щʲôֻ֪꯵˲쳣䡣 
Ȼ㻹ʲô˲סһߣĵһи 
ҡҧģ˵Щʲô 
ҵϿǵӰӣõ ꯵ǹ˵Ļȣ͸ΣյЦ⡣ 
һرƽһغˣܿ챳ǽϡŽԼȦסꯣΪȴоİرǵĨЦݣЩ 
ɢеϢֻԼҪѣˡ 
ָ°ͣǿԼӡһ˫峺ۣԿԼĵӰ 
㡣ҪʲôۿĿԽԽкȴԼ 
˵أȻǴǸ㲹ⲻ׷ԭ𣿡꯼ü 
˵ţĴųͷζ֪ǶǶԼ 
㵵ؿŴ˺üĿݣٶţһʱ侹˷ 
һỬգؿ 
ԼǣԼĻش 
ǵһεĽݺݴʹġأԼѲ֪ʱУۡ 
Ȼƿİ죬Ե̧ͷĲм 
һʹĵ͡ 
ȭͷָһ˿˿Ƕڣȴ˿оʹ 
žһɫָӡӡ꯵Ŀϣ첻ŵؿԼ֣ؿ꯵ɫԽԽһſȥ 
ˣҲٻˡﵽԼļƻΪʲôȴ˿ɣſڵۣ˸ŨŨˣطѾͷֻء 
Ѹٵƣܿ͵硣 
ɨСһۣûлҲȷ͸ġ 
ϷţҲ·ˣǧһˣһȴЩϰߡ 
û˷ô죿ˣ֪ȥҳԵѾˣЩϡվƶˣ۾Ҳʶ½硣 
ѹĵ׵Ĩ嶯· 
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ʧĸоεռļ䣬վ£Ҳоů 
ˣһԶ 
Ʈһϲõתͷ 
£һϮ£Цӯӯؿ 
ô⣿ϰԵüȴоκεĲá 
ҡڵ㡣ŵҧ´Ҫô˵Լϣľġ 
ң 
֪㲻Ҹ㣬Ϊ˾϶㣬ֻҪһþ뿪˵ţɷµؾַġ 
㲻ҲУ·ֲҵģǸ߸ġ꯺ûҪӦ˼æ˵ 
첻߶ʮһͳɽȥͲɵúЦҪȥҲôˣȻֹˣŰɡ 
ô˵ע⵽ɽɲͨɽԼȥһҲȥ 
꯽ĿǰĴɽһɽ˲ûһƬС 
ǣ쾪ȵؿǰ㣬ԼһƬ֡ 
֣ΪصĵطһеûзӵĿռ䡣Ҳǵıؾ֮·꯽͵ 
Ҫˣ죬ǲŻָմӷ˵ѳ 
ô㺦ˣ˸Ц⡣ 
Ųءǿͷֱۡغ󣬷ʱ࣬Ļǻʹ 
 
ǽӺɢȥɽָֻԭǲֹʲô 



ڶʮ ֮

       ռŨŨһз·ξԼɼǾڸǰȴôҲ߲ͷǸһڶôҲֻԭ̤ 
밽һǰһţ龰ü 
ǴκǶػرǸ⣬˭ҲûٴһǷƽ˾˵ദҲǰǰ衣˭֪ǵĻ˿ǲӿ 
²֪ʲôһ£һʱĲ˾ֱֱǰȥ 
˻ûӦ͵һĻ̧ͷϵһ˫ۣ˸ںҹǣԾͳˡ 
û°ɣãλõĸо 
ûû¡ԼĻͨ죬ϽҪ֣ץø 
ǣ㣬ˤˡ꯵˵꣬תǰߣչ¶ЦԼҲ 
ҹؽ٣𽥰 
ķҲʼ⣬ԽԽ䡣СʱѾǺХ˲ǵһߣȫֻд̹ǵĺ⡣ 
ȻӲ˷Լʥ㺮˲ġֻǣŽĿ˻ſڲϯ˯İ졣һ󺮷紵˯еܵر˫ۡ 
һᣬЦ߹ȥɫظϡһ֦˲ѣůس 
ĻһƤĺͯ趯šǵֻΪһ裬ֻ˭أ𣿻ǻߵˣҲûΪˣֻΪϲ 
ͷų˯ɫĻһĨˣҲǺƯȴڲºġ 
вԾᵹӳĻ棬úХĿҲɵ˽Ųתĸ 
ͻȻ䣬ĺһɫеҲȥֻڰǰ˯˯ø 
תͷѵһѳһӰ꯵ĮϣһЦ⣬ǿʲôܾ¡ 
ԭŮ鰡ѹǲԸҡ˻ŵرֳһĵı 
һû֣㾹Ǹĸ硣˵ 
ˣ˵ˡܲ¡۽͵͵һۣħƾҪȥԭĹ 
ڿ촥Ŀʱ꯸һץס˾͸ˤˡ㻹Ȼȥɡ 
ҪҪÿ仰Ұ꯻ǵģ֪ǷľھԼİѱˡ 
˵ɣΪʲôزɫôҲû뵽⽩ʬ˷͵һˡ 
˵ôûʲô¡ ˿꯵ǰ˵˼ɣǴڶһƺ֪꯵ƢȡҲֻ˲ʸѡ 
һ֣ܣʵ 
 
㻹ðգҴȥȥ϶£Ѿ˵ˣԲдһʡ 
ôˣûлش𣬽ֻ˸⡣ 
Ѿȥ壬ã׼ȥ 
Ҳд⣬ֻߣǿ̹壬һʵǲġ 
ģҲµġҵĲǵԶ 
ðɣȥﲻƣԼҲҪġһеǻ˼һᣬ˵һȥͽļŶܾæڡҲ֪Ǻӣһľžȳĸĸ 
꯲ɵ˵һɽĸĳ㣬Ǻһ룬ԼҲҪôѪˡ 
һڹͦõģ㲻̫ġ޸̾˵ֻǺһôõľ˾ȴ֪ϧӦ˼һ仰ڸв֪ 
ϡοص˵ͷʱһ 
 
꯵˵ͷС 
Ѿʧ𣿡ɻʡ 
ǲƽҵģȷʵѾû˷ѾעռѾ800ˣԸ׵ҵơ 
áе˵ͷ 
ǾͰˡڽӰʧʱ૵˵ҲĶһҫ۵Ϲ⡣ 
Ѿˣһָֻ컹˯УȻ֪ı仯 
ܰ㡣Ů߳˯İָָ 
̧ͷŮӣٿ˯еİ졣ݰҪԽԼջ˺ 
磬ΪʲôԼҸأһ仰һֱУ800ǰزԼʶͬһС 
ҸӵҸӵĸҸõҸˣ˻̸ŪҸʸ 
ӣֻоһֻһյûеĵĵƣĬĬţѲ֪ԼΪЩʲô 
ӣת˻⡣磬廹ðɣ 
û¡ǵظͷЦ 
Ǵ磬ڵԩ꯵Цûɳڶ١Ȼ󲿷ʱǴڳ˯УܸоĻҪܰﵽ죬˭ 
ˣģҪϢˡ˵ţǿƵؽƽԼڡ 
ѻȼţĻ˷ܵţֻ˺ܶࡣ˳ץһѿ֦룬Ѹٵظ趯Ҳˡ 



ڶʮһ 

       һº˲߳֡ 
ڳˣ첻˷ܵظ̾ڿĵ⣬ڡֻ治ǴģꯣԼһӶˡţ͵͵һۣ£һÿĻߡ 
һµͬʹ࣬Լôų⣬ȻʱǰһҪǰº˺ܶࡣ 
߰ɣǰ͵ˡҲû룬𰽺֣ƶȥԼҲûзѳΪһϰߡ 
һͣ¡ 
϶㣬棿쿴ڲ׵Ķʵ 
ûлشֱȥ 
붴ڣסЩˣ滳Լǲֻصͥ 
ƣеڽƯţŵ粻شšİҲҪС 
ڰ˯֮ʣһֻץסһŷһؿԼΧҲһ⾰ 
ǰ治ԶվһһӰŨŨţɫ 
벻㻹ˡŷϷƮ 
ٷϻĿһɨ˲١ 
϶㣿ſǸ˾϶һؿߡ뵽ԼֻУæų 
ؿŰӣеĺܽر⡣ 
ֻ֪ɽ˭أӺе⣬һΪȻ˵ 
֪ˣЦ 
ϧѽ̫ˡһϧҡͷ 
ҪˡĿһǹС 
һ䶨ˡӹЦ 
ߣ𣿡˵꣬һǹɨȥ 
ڰ׼ʱһӰɹ϶ѵǰܿǻɱҪһ˵£ǾԼɡ 
࣬Ҫ 
ࣿࣿǺࣿۿоҪ϶壬꯲˷ΣգӲؽջء 
ôҲû뵽ڴʱˡӦһ޵׵Ԩ 
ꯣһҪסȴ̫󣬶һε䡣 
ûָֻ 
ꯣã 
ˣ㺰ɤҲûáǵ˻ݽ磬溮쳣ħһ⡣߹ڵϿ϶ȴ˦ˡ 
һа취ǵ𣿡϶͵վźʡ 
ôʹؿһظա 
ǵģֻǲǷ𣿡 
ݽĺĺһϮĲǻǡԾ꯷ٸߣҲջɢǸһĨ̵Ц 
ǵصϮҪֿȴûůЩǸΪĺ䡣һԭԼҲ˵䡣 
һɫѿʼ࣬Ҳ⺮̲ס´ 
ôˣꯣرꯣ뽫Լ¶ȴݸΪʲô꯵ȫǽ˱㺮쳣ԼȴһҲûСǺƾʹͬ磬ôŬҲܽӱ 
䡣䡣ɫҰ׵ֻܺ³һ֡ʶʼںɢŬץסȴͽ͡ 
ꯣꯡѰꯡѰۿ꯾Ҫ˯ȥؽţҡţšôѶûн򵹣ˣţ 
Ĺ𡣡꯷ȥᣬԼһźСܵ£ܾ£кܶûУкܶĲģ 
ꯡꯡһҵҡΣһηֻۣһΣӰ 
һҪһҪͻȻ뵽ԼѽԼΪʲôûиоأ 
һϲļ䣬켤طꯣԼǰ꯵ڵϵǹ׼Լġ 
㡣Ҫʲô ꯳ȥֹȴȫ᲻һ˿ܣ 
ҵѪԵֿ 
꯿Ŀ⣬һѳһʺĵۣѪһεε˿ 
ؿѪһһεԼڣȵѪҺ𽥵ɢźȫѲƸղǰ㺮䡣 
ʱһһعȥ紦һƬĬС 
Ĺ꯼ʱطסȥİ죬˿Ѿ֪ˡһ̵ظоԭԼڱ˵УҲҪĵλѪҺڵһ̣ůˣҲˡ 
ˣҡϲչЦգȴһС 
ؿŻеŮһһֱ鿴㲻µģһ㣡 
ĿһȻ󿪣Ű죬 



ڶʮ һҪ

       ٿˣϲˡε߹ȥʹؽ϶ӵǰˣһúñġ 
ģǲġ϶ʹؽͷںĻţţǾȥˡ 
ҾԶ˵ߡӹŵûһܻ߳ݽ磬Ҳͬܡ 
˵˾ԣ϶Ҳˣˡ 
شĳ 
ҲǿˣҲڽʵˣ̧ͷ࣬ΪҪӡ 
࣬뿪̹𣿡ѾʧȥꯣҲܲʧȥˡ 
УҲûһڻؾˡ 
ࣱѵҪκεĿ 
Ȱ㻹İɣǾԲᡣû˵꣬סˡΪŰվǰ 
㡣ô᣿ܣֻźĲš 
ɨ˺һۣ󶨸϶ϡҪߣԸԸ⣱ 
һ֣ѴӸղŵлָؿ˵ȻܴӮȻ㡣˵ţ϶һۣʧˡ 
뿪ˣ»ָɣ˵Ӧø˲ǡΪʲôȴ˵ʧ䣿ǱõЩʲô 
ôˣعŷ꯻еİ죬ǵʡ 
߰ɡûлشֻؿ˻еһۡ 
********** 
һ·ϣ˼ٵظ·˭Ҳûٿڡֻкķڶι 
꯻һûޡ 
һγп˿԰׵ɫһˮصؽϡµģһµģԾؽ˱øüͷҲǲչ 
϶𾲾վ꯵ߣһԽŵֱȫ 
ƲʷɿǰǻҹĻǡɫȥ 
********** 
ʲô£ô˵ôأϾźݳڿ˺ʵ 
ôˣ϶ǵʡ 
Խź󣬾һԲߵꯣ˿Ҳ̧ۣеϾ 
治֪ǷСʲôε˼ҡ 
ͷڣǾͷİɡ 
ϾĻԵһ 
ѾûʲôˣȻȥɣôãҲˡ 
վߵ϶ǰӣȻȥϢɣҡ 
϶ؿòŵͷõģౣء˵꣬سȥ 
϶ȥϾǿһؿꯡ㻹ǲͬˡ 
Ҳûֱȥ 
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쾲ڴϣɫɲ԰ףǰͬǣһһֱģɳ˲١ 
ڴ£ؿŴϵˡ 
ôظĿصǳ 
ִ֣Լġ˫֣˫֣һδεůͷԼ˫ϡһҪһҪ 
ȻϾѾΣգ̲סȥģȥ 
ͻȻ⴫һһžͱײˡ 
ȥ𡣡 
ֻ̧ۣſһӣĽǡֻ۾ڿԼʱķŭ 
ǸһĨЦ⣬ȻʶӣǵʱȥħӰλ 
ꯣſһͳϮһ˫۾ͿҪ 
ɵضӵĹȴŴϵİ졣 
ιǱˣҵĵ̡ϾֻûţĻй 
һգ۵Ĺ򣬷һƬǽ塣ΪҪ˼Ŵϵİ죬һܴ͸Ƿڵİˡ 
ҵĻƿû꣬ǡ顱һһƿˤ˵ϡ 
һα˳׼ٶȳǰȥʱȴϾף 
˵磬ɣڴܻں۸ͷ 
ꯣſɨڵ龰֪ٴȥԼҲû 
첻ص 
㣱һȥ磬һȴϾ뼸ͯӸܳȥˡ֮ǰݺݵصһۡꯣҲģ 
ʱ㣱³һ仰ûٿһۡղŵⳡ־ԼЩ⣬ղϾǾ㵵òۣͲɵһЦҲǲͬˡ 
ϵ˶ɳ˯ţͺֵһɡ 



ڶʮ һŮ

       ꯣ 
һ͵ŷԭһΡ 
һεεԱ£˯еĿ־廹ûԺȥŬҪȥ䣬ȴκǱһƸףμʲôԼΪλᾪ꯵ 
оһ˿⣬һԼᡣ 
ܵҪȥ룬ȴԽԽࡣ 
˼ػصԺ 
ꯣأˣǵԼѪڣУƿУһҪۿˣġ 
Ÿ뵽Ҫһɾ޴ʹϯŷȫǱѹ 
Զͷðһ񣬿ʼⷿ 
ȻȴǾ¡Σǽڣذ޲͸¶ׯȴʧŵĸ 
ĿתǽϵļֻǼɽˮͼ͸¶һ׺ͣաֵǣôÿͼȴڲ۵ĲǽǽϣȴʲôûС 
Ӵ룬Ǳһңǰǰá 
һŲϽɣ˾бſڴء 
һѾߴŮ˽һƯŮ۾һ£̲ס࿴ۡϴЦݣһַĵϲáһ۵ĵСһۣͷԼϲŮ 
Ůڿһ漴ŲЩңЩˤ 
ˣŮŰ֣˵ؽšڷԼʧ̬æɿҲøƵġ 
첢û˵ʲôֻһЦؿŮ 
Ҳǿ첢ûҲǰ׺͵ϢȾҲˣŮپ 
ˣ֪Ϊ㵣ˡ 
ꯣΪҵģԼˣŮ˵ˣ 
ΪҵģŰɵʡ 
ѽ㲻֪жںأһ͵㣬һǺܾŶŮԵؽţ˼ȴѲ֪ɵĸȡ 
ŮһУһŵڰǰζ 
ʲô£һŷԼ֪ʱˡ 
㵽ûŮ죬Թ 
Ȼʲô֣Ů˵ô࣬ȴûнܹʲôط 
ŶҲˡŮ˼࣬ƤǵðһЦҡŶū澽ĵ澡أ˵󣬻ͷ 
ͲýūˡȻŮﰣ 
һֻö죬ȴҲûֹֻǾһηԭ߶Ҳһܵ¡ 
̸У֪꯵ľ弰ĽѾ޿ɸӵĵزҲ֪ԼѾ˯˺ܾã˼ʱ㣬Ҳˡ˼ʱ䲻֪ô㣬͵˼һ꣬һ졣һʱһ¡ʥĸҲΣȴ꯳ź 
֪ﻹ׼һŮźأؾˡ 
׼˵ʱһ 
ãˣ 
̧ͷһԭǰٻӣʥĸ϶ˡ 
ãõˣʥĸһץס֣ĵʡ 
û£ллλĹġ 
ã治ףΪʲôҪٻһ򱧲ƽӣ˵ʱ϶סˡ 
նʱ϶һ˪ʥĸȴһΡ 
ûã˶һһ뿪ˣһɢ 
ޡŷֻʣԼһˣۣͷؿڴϡ 
Ҳ֪˹ã˼Ưڽ˯δ˯䡣 
ͻȻסܵҪȴֶԷ֮ 
ӳһ˫ЦЦۡ 
磿㣿оһ˿ԼҲʧϸĵȴ쵽ˣһ˿ 
Ŀ󲻻ӭŶʧشۡ 
˭˵ģȻӭˡ˵䣬źۼسԼ֡翴ֻǿɬЦЦ 
õûԺҪ˺Լ˺𣿡Ű죬ӱܡ 
磬֪ҡ 
Ҫ˵һ𣿡ؽ챧ڻһ֣ͻʧ 
ǣҡŽ˿̫찡ô죿 
Բң㲻ֹȥϲ㣱綨ؿۣᶨ˵ 
㡣ҡһʱ䣬쾹֪Լ˵ʲôǺαأǧﻯһ͵͵̾ϢΪҪ˸ӣΪⰮ˵ȴҪִţ 
ؽڻеİӵڻĵ˵ֻʹֻ࣬ҲܸҸ 
ſһŭȣ̧ͷֻһӰӦԼѵһĻС 



ڶʮ ڭߵķ

       һµꯣεؽڻУĿ˿ض磬Ҫˡ 
ꯣſм˱оˣʵһſֻû̵ð̡ 
첻˵ 
㡣ҪǰȥȴϾǵ£֪Լǲܵ֡οڵһҪԼ顣ʹ˰֣ôҲġ 
ֱһúΪ缥Ц 
Ҿܰ꯲ü 
㡣ֻûѪⱲӿ»ûôˡ 
£ˣҵĵطҲߣ 
ãݣһ˦䣬ŭسȥȴߵſʱ͵ػعͷ 
ߣûţ˵꣬꯵һЦƤ¡ 
Цؿˣһʱ֪ˡӦ˻꯵ĻУĹһº쵽æվȴ꯻˫˿ûҪſ˼ֻˮ˫Ŀһʱ䣬סˡ 
ôˣЦˣҲ˺ܶࡣ 
ˮҲ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôǱ˸˰㡣 
ҪˮѽŸȥˮֻһϵĲ豭ѱ˲С 
һˣֻյһԣһ÷ȴ᲻뿪 
ʹ࣬Ҫ˽Լѣôˣƶײаˡ 
㡣һƸմɳĮӣ̲סš 
ȿȡںȲİ죬ˮǺסˡ 
ôõ𣿡˵䣬ź󱳣һ˫ۺݺݵض硣 
û°ɡ߲û£ʶǰ׼ȥ֡ 
üĿһһʱ磬ֱֱ˳ȥ 
ܻԵͻȻסˣҪȥջסˡһۣĲ鲻Ըˡ 
ꯣһὫ͵ߵġ 
ߺ󣬷ָֻ 
ջĿ⣬ʶԼ꯵Ļæվ 
һΣûֹֻǾؽڴϣԼߵ¡ 
ڣÿ˫ 
ҡ 
ҡ 
ͬʱ 
˵ 
˵ 
һͬһЦ 
ͻȻ첻֪ԼǷýʥĸ¸˼˰죬ջǾ 
ղˡ 
Ų豭һ漴ָֻĮȻһУֻʹ̾˿ 
϶Ҳˡ 
һ㣬̧ۡУһ˿Ц⡣ԭ 
ڭţһǧǰ 
ʯ㣬Ʈϡ 
εصڭҲ˻ 
ڭߣӰվڷ˻һʪǵ 
ʲô£ؿꯣղŵ£ûôǡ 
㲻ͽܡ꯵ڭߵķ磬顣 
һ㣬ЦûҪҲ֪ؽĿͶڭ桰ҵȷѧա 
أ̹岻ܶĹҲǸµľɣһعͷؿꯣҪ͸ô֪ѵǡ 
˼ıûӵó꯵˫ۣĴ߳һĨ׾Ц 
˭ֻ˵ûе⡣ 
ҵȻ֪ЦҪȻ²̸ֻôˡ 
֪ɻؿꯡ 
ֻЦЦڭ˵ 
һһꯣʲô·硣ߣرղڷڵ£Ű棬ܵ˵Ǳ 
ꯣ̫⣬ĹվңҲ˵һȴʮİգΪֻб 
𣿡ۣؿ 
ֻҲܸҸأֻġ޺޵˵š 
һһ䣬һݺݵش꯵ϡʹرۣһ龰ҲڰЩ⡣ 
͵ۣޱȵļᶨǾ仰룡꯲սܣ̫ˡ 
޺޵սȭͷƣ˦һ仰ȥ 
꯻رۣηХڶ߹ι 
ʱڭķ羹˵ľңѵҲԣ֪ؽҪشսҲ֪ƸˣǷѰȫ 
̹޶ԽԽͥҲǴһָ߶ȵĽС뵽ʱҲϴԼĲŵǰɡ۾ʱʱؽԼйȥԼῪƵġ 
΢΢ǣһЦ 
ۣ¹Ŵˣһصԡ 
Ǵλƾûȥ¹Ҳ֪Щûܶ飬˵˱ȽϺá 
ţһת¹ȥ 



ڶʮ һʧǧź

       ظһִ̹ǵĺֱָļ䣬ܵ֡ 
ʱо⣿Ҳһǧʱ䣬ڲ֪иıʲô 
ɬڴߵһθҲ׼һٸоˡ 
㣿϶ȵؿվߵꯣһĻþ 
꯻عͷŻõ϶𡣲԰׵ɫʲô顣 
˾Ĭţ˭Ҳû˵ҹ¹쳣侲ЩҵҲ 
գ꯴Ƶѹ֡ 
ӣõ𣿡 
ò͸¶ŵ裬϶һõ˫ҲʶսֱõŻ 
öˣлĹģͬòҹȴ˸о 
ֽĿͶֺйɵ˿ϣšͻȻͣסˣĿҲ϶ϡ 
ɵţǸ⡣ 
ȻѲµ⣬϶ǲסˡǱ˸ݺݵ˺ȥһ飬԰׵ɫһ˿Ѫɫ촽Ҳס 
һֻʣҲһ䡣 
ӣ꯷ɿطסϧ 
ԭҽֻϧѡ 
һĻҲŷſ֡ 
⣬϶סɬЦ 
ܹ˭ͬ龰ͬˣһǧǰԼĮȻĿɶһжˡʵܹƽܶ飬ҲԼǣ˿ǣȴɼǵá 
ؿһۣþõûһת 
׼Զȥʱ 
عͷ϶صµӰһؽڻȥȴûз֣ڲԶİһ˫ۣؿ 
      
꯻ؽ϶ڣ󣬲һ 
ʱûʲô󰭣Ըü뿪ˡ 
꯵Ӱ뿪¹߳һŮӡ 
Ӧ֪ô 
ˣ϶û̫棬ֻεصͷ 
ҡ 
ô뷴¡ŮЦ 
϶˲ŸΣҪջ˳ˡ 
һʧǧźޣ仰̵ᡣ̶һδȴԼݵø 
֪εصͷ 
֪ͺãˡŮЦţȥ 
ŮӲŸ뿪һŲ˿ϣʱһֹͣϣĽŲܾʹȥ 
һվҪ˵ԸԭܸıʲôһתŲȻ뷿䡣 
      
϶㣬ôˣһ̤ţԶԶؿ϶ڴϣյ˫ۻ˸Ứ 
϶ģȴؿ϶µһĻʱѿϵһˣһűˮɢɳӣҲ£ 
ԭð˵žҪȴһˤڴϡ 
϶㣬¡켱æ϶¡ 
϶һڣȴǸһ飬׼ӸǺãȴ϶ͷ߷һڵīȡ 
ϤɫʣһѼ⵶شʹģ 
ǣ뻳ɵʡ 
ʶĿ⣬϶æӲ뱻Сҵҡͷᣬⲻ꯵ġ 
϶ķӦðĸһ˵ 
ԼʲôʸȥأѵʱԼĺãΪľͰԼ𣿱̫ˡϲĻ϶㣬Ҳֻ϶ 
ǵʱ򣬲ǳŵֻҪһȵ϶㣬뿪ôأ 
ãû°ɣ϶סǵʡ 
û¡͵һڿ϶ǵɫǿЦˡ 
ҲֻһΡҲʱˣԼҲ˱ˡ 
϶˵ЩʲôѼǲˣֻǵԼһֱЦЦЩ 
ŰȥӰ϶૵Բáһ۽ǻ䡣 
      
Ÿ߳˾Ǳ˳ȥ㣬ڵء 
ۣɬɬģһҪըѵĻ 
ʹգһۣѾûᣬҲɿ˰ɡ 
ô˽֪꯰϶Ҳ֪϶𰮵ꯡҪмһšԼʹޣƻ˸ĵ𣿿ɽ죬Լȴƻ˵ĵߡ 
ںʹѼĵʹĿ˺š 
Ҳ֪ʱǰѳһӰҲȥһ˿ңϣܾʹ˽Լ 
߽ڴţڴһ̡ 
һһɫ˿ǰ̧ͷһſ۵ 
ɡ˵ 
ûᣡǿͷΪʲôÿĵʱǰ磬ΪʲôŵǸˣ 
ǽ룬촽ϵѪ 
ûж̾˿Ҫȥ촽ѪָҪ촽ʱ쾪ֵ˺ 
־ڰգЦţ˿С 
磬һضҪؼҡԶ૵˵ 
ض粻ŵһ䡣 
ǵģضתͷ磬žȻ 
˼˰죬ڻǵ˵ͷ 



ڶʮ һŻ

       һƿϵЦҲ˲ȥ 
Ӱӱ۵룬Ҳѩͺ˽ٹָֻǰ侲ܣָоǰЩͬﲻͬأַصĹΣһܾµĹɫⷿҲһ˿⡣ 
˿ּ们䣬һҡҷ˸ 
ȥǳȥ𣿻Ǳøˡ廹ûãôܵأ 
£Իѳһϰߡܶʱ⾲ؿŴ˯Ժһػطʶ֡ 
˭͵̧ͷ۾Ϭſڡ 
ңһСԴ룬ӵ˵Ǳеŵ 
һۣȮ˵500ǰġ 
Ĺأ 
Ĺ˷̧ܵͷȴڿ꯵۹ֹԹԵش¡ȥ˵ǻضˡ 
˵Щʲôʱֻöһ΢ιæع񣬷Ļ꯵Ӱӣ 
ִˡԹ˼䣬ѧ꯵ģ£߻ǳǳЦ⡣ 
ף⻭ʲôʱˣ̧ͷзڲǽļ֪ʱѱƵǽ 
վϸǻ죬ЦŸÿ˵䣬ɲµΧתȦɫֱȮеһƴ 
  
Ÿ̤ĴţǰһӰٶ 
 
һ꯵ǰҲ̫ܵ죬ɫЩ԰ס 
üͷ΢΢ɨһۡ 
ʲô£ŵķꡣ 
ǰȥһˡð죬̫׽ǲŻ 
֪ˡ꯵ӦһǰȥҲ̫С˵ɣѵԼһȥ 
ǰȥҪ뿪̫׽ǻæ׷ȥ 
ǰȥѵʲô£͵̫ͣ׽һʱˤϡ 
ʲô£̫׽վúʵ 
ղ̹һͨ뺣˵ǡû̫׽˵ֻ꣬һѼƶȥȵҰŷӦ̫׽ǣæ׷ȥ 
  
 
վڻӼ䣬زŪʻ 
ѾˣΪʲôȴоǹ֪͡Լʧ𣿻ûע⵽϶ӦúҸһɡ 
һᣬл£ڻϡ 
ްպ죬ڼʹҲееһ죬䣬ֻ֦ʣһƬήǸǺη⾰ 
ѵľû˵ӵеܻɢֻʧȥ㣿 
ʲôأһ𣬲ûͷҲ֪˭ 
ɬΪʲô۸ӣͻȻ䣬֪ȥǸˡϣҸҪƫƫġ 
ûʲôˣȥĸЦҡҡͷŬԼɡ 
ŰԶȥıӰɵѾͷǰοҲҪǿջӭЦԽԼģľԽʹվǸܸ΢ЦˣŪŻ֣ʶս̺Ļ֭е£ҲȾһΡ 
  
һصضŲʱʱս˫ȭ 
һߵؽţҲͬһˡ 
ô죬ֵᷢġͣ½ŲеӣϣиõĶԲߡ 
ǰ֮ķӡ򿪣ʧȥĻ鶨ỽѺǱص֧ͷѪ˿˫ۣˮ⡣ 
ˣҲҪ̫ģǻҵİ취ġģ߹۵ؽӵͷӵǰ 
ʲô취ôˣǻûҵĵرɷʵؿ 
ӽرӣҪԼ˫ʹ̧ͷһ˳۽Ȼ¡ 
ã̧ͷ 
֪ˣһԼġ֪ŮĪĸŮʲô飬ˡҲΪŸΪۡ죬ΪʲôҪһСŮеôصΡ 
ʵһ̣Ҿ֪˻н죬ֻûô졣ͷ˵Ůأ˿Ѳ֪ȥúޣúΪҪ˲̡ǧˣΪԼѽʵɵʱŷҪ 
ɷֺ֣γ֪ɷĵΪĺػΣǵŮΨһŮ˵ͿԸģ 
ѵϾûе𣿡 
ûУǿض֮Ļ⣬ؼΨһһšΪ˶˵Ҳʵ˵ȥˡֻǽ§ӣһǾ;زȥ⼸ǧǷñ£ûҵŮķ 
ĹȥģлžһԶȥĽŲ 
󾪿ֵվһ˫ֽץɷ 
򿪷ţһƬž˿Ӱ 
ղӦˣô˺⣿ذοӡ 
ɷ˵Ҳ˿汻ƢܽʸǲݵģԼˡ 
ˣ˯ɡ˵Žӷߣתߵűߡȴڹŵһ̣ʹرۣҲЩ㶼 



ڶʮ 붫֮

       Խ潫һֱػڶ֮ģҲһ㣬ֳַħʯϡ˫Ŀرţƽȴʱ̲עԱߵĶ 
Խһֱûгȥ֪ĸҲסûǰȥ֪ԼСȴСȥƺߵˡѵϣԼСΪ㻹ǡ㱵˦˦ͷԼ޵׵Ԩ 
ǰǧһҲ뿪֮ȻΪλ࣬ˣΪ֪Ȼ˵һĵ 
ˣվ˫ֽշħһ˫˸ս⡣ 
һֱֱħҪ¡ 
ӰУֻһϲô£ѵһղ߶ĸæ˷ħҺղûü 
ǰȴûһ˫۽ضĻ顣 
ġ׼ʱһϤϢĹһŷħҲؼӴ 
תͷֻһϮµԶڽ 
һǰ㲻ܽȥ 
ͣ½ŲϸشЦİɣ 
ô֪ıܵطһ䡣 
㴩øû˵꣬סˡ 
ĲԵתͷȴڿǰ龰Ҳסˡ 
ȫɢһҫ۵ĺ⣬ңӳŶӦһɫ硣Һⶫ֮ûнй 
ǣǡ૵ϵı鿴Ǳ˻˷ܡ 
۵߹ȥӵڻ 
ǳ˰ӵſȥɢĺ޵õ塣 
ĸۿ߳ڣֵǣɢĺ߳ʱҲ漣ȥʧˣͺƸղֻһþ 
  
ڴǰճյؿ棬ĺˮͷżҲһֻϺι. 
֪Ϊʲô»ݽĺΪʲôǻȸѡԼԭһоΪԼеһŻ. 
ˮѾʼĻǣʱҲϺ.һ޶?Ȼļֵ֮ڲ? 
ĸа˵չţԷģҲǻģʱǸƽ....... 
ظһװɫ˶װЩȴǺܸɾĻɢ. 
ΪϵģҲ֮ԼĵһҲΨһһ. 
ؽ·УѰյϢ. 
һԵûаԼһл죬ǻһʴ. 
϶Ҹ?Ҳֻ֪ҸˣܸΪĵȥԼ. 
˳۽£·ϣʪһƬ. 
㣬㡮⴫һ˷ܵĽк. 
һϽᣬٵؽ·ͷ£װµ. 
űƿˣһӰԱ£֣д˷뼤. 
㣬ڻˣһΪСƭҵ? 
С?ɻüʲôʱǶ˸СŮ? 
˵ܣǡ 
˵?С?첻ȻʧЦ󵽰˵ʱı飬һȤ.ദúܲ. 
㣬Ǵͥ?һֺõ. 
ǰ첻ԵصͷȴڿһЦ̲ס˵ʲô? 
ܲ.......ûȸ˵꣬һط. 
! 
㣬ȥͥ.ͨһ.ڰϣദôã֪Ƣ?ֻҪһ׼û.Ҫ㱾¶ûУǻʲô˾? 
㲻Ǹմ?û湻?һ˺ܶ. 
ܸͥȰôûǵˣ.뵽ǰȮЩ£̲סЦ. 
?˼ֻwaiting barǶӣҲһõһΣڣ 
㣿ʹȥ 
عؿһĸòŵͷ 
㣬꣡˵òû 
˿ģҲŻ˲٣⺢ӣ˵ȴʱ޿̲ڼǹСӴ磮˫ۣ޷ԼܾԼҲҪȥϾ͵ҲȥɢɢİɣֻµĸҪʲôӲźã 
  
ʲôҪȥûɣָŶڰߵĸС˿ûע⵽⣬ʧķȡ 
ôаΪʲôܴȥĲʾضȥ 
зԼԼơһˣԣƯ˸һۣЦ 
ܼô?ܼƾ˲𰡣ʥĸܼƣǰС¡˵СӴ磬ͲԾͦͦء 
㡣 
ˣ磬ҪȥϾǣʱ鷳ŸˡһԵİܲ˵ؿˣ⸴Ƹ˭ܳ 
ʲôҪҸҲҪָ磬ؽ 
ҪôͲȥҪô͸Լѡ˸һ仰û˵ʲô 
磬ٿ죬֪Լûе·ˡȥǲȥ˰Ժ﷭ 
ľ𣿡⣬ĵʡ 
ضһͽͷȥա 
Ƕ˶ڻû˵ʲôؽĿͶգƲ˿˿ƵǣšģҲģһᣡ 



ڶʮ ĩ֮˵

       һƬžббԴ룬һļįĻӰ 
꯾аһͨĶ̵ĺڵ˫ڻ 
̹һĵŵۻҵҪ˲뿪ͥ벽ֱǿЦЦعǣѵ˲뿪ܱû 
Ϊʲô̹Ҫһδεͨ뺣ѵΪҪǳȴζҲ䱻Ϊ˭֪̹ʥںηأο̹ʥؿеκһعžҲԿơõķԾƶҿǵǺξġ 
ûȫİǰ׳֡ο벻ƻûϢҲ֪ôˣǷѳɹ 
̧ۣϦŨ˼һ죬Ҫˡ 
һͷеĵ 
ɲ֪֮֮ѻָ˼Ϊʲô֪ԭһͲʧ 
ΪʲôҪǶΪʲôҪضͻȻŮӵ˼Ѳ²⡣ 
ͥ½ˣһȥġ 
ƫ뻳Уվ׼ߣȴڳʱһɱĺӰæһǺӰֱֱˤϡ 
һһīѱС 
ʲô£ôçײÿüëҲ΢΢ 
ˡȮҲ˲ʹæӵǰ 
һȮһǣ⹷ʲôʱѧԵ㣿 
ˣȮίؿꯣȴֿ˻þˣ˶ûùˣֳ˱õζˡ 
˵ɣʲô£ȮһҪ޳ӣһȣҲࡣ 
Ͼ˵ҪҪ½ȥʹһˡ Ȯղͯ˵һ顣 
ãţҲȥ꯲Ÿ˵꣬ȮԴֲܸȥԻ󣬾ʹӲš˲ϲ𣿻ûˣ̧ͷԶȥıӰˮת 
Ͼڻ£ǧܸԶҴҶӰ켱 
Ͼ˿ٿԽԽӰ̾һðɣ 
غһϵĽŸҲȥһֲȴѸĵӣͻȻ֪ȥ 
ʹ뿪ˣΪǸӰѾǰ 
죿ڿĨϤĺӰͷһϲȸԾԾԾüԡ 
׼ȴ˫ʱ̲סһĻţ±æҵصͷ 
ķӦ꯵ĲԾһһĨʹ顣ѵ˵ģϲ磿ǿѹͷǣװµתͷϾ 
֪Ͼк£ 
ǸղŰϢֱϾ˲ð쿹Ŀ⣬һҪƸ졣 
ʲô£תŰ죬ҲԾر 
̧ͷ˫ۣһĸоļӿһȣҵؽĿƯ𴦡 
ղҴͥʱ˵ʾ2012ĩս˼䣬˸˵ҪæȥѰѾʧ塣 
2012ĩգŨüϸϸ˼ 
ѵ̹йأΪʲôҪȵ2012أϾʵ 
˼죬ҡҡͷֻÿꯣܸ𰸡 
ɫԽԽӵҲԾ˽״Ͼ밽Ҳһš 
ôˣǲǷʲôϾͲסʵ 
ߣҲϾ˵Űš 
㡣㡣ֻʣϾԽԽˡϲˣǰǸֻˡţԾЦ 
Զʹ˾ţ˭Ҳûȿ.º͵ϢƼ磬Ҳ˽Ų̴ѵõ. 
˫ĿԶһƵǳǸ. 
ͷرǣ.һֱǣţԶظ......ϣʱһֹͣ...... 
һֻŵս۾ת˺üȦӲסûе. 
͵أԼ֣ٶĿ죬ҲЩȻ. 
꯾㵵ؿԼڰյ֣ٿʱһⲻĵ. 
ô?Լƽ. 
ٴιסʱһĵǿԼŶ㿪. 
ͫһĨʹ꯸оҲڿʼήѵһ˵?ƺڣ侲Ű. 
ڱֽţָǶڣŵѪ.֪ԼĴֻҪԼ΢һͿԿ.ԲԲ!ҧҧԼû¶. 
˿á 
ʲôʱں˵۹ˣ꯸ؿһʲô顣 
϶ġԼҲᵽŨŨζ 
ԭǳԴˡţ꯵ɫЩͣҲЩ 
㻹ҵ𣿡 
һ̧ͷӳһ˫ĺˮۣ޿ɵֵϮ 
ǻɣѾıѵˣ˵ЩˣҲȻظеΪΡ 
̲סȻ䣬֪ĵ׵ĸоϲûǱ˵Ļ˵İûлضûĸĶԻǸǶô˵ʱ̰ûһѾˣ飬ĲпᣬûѡҲѡ 
ΪԼԷĵ߿ΪĲԼڡ죬ΪʲôҪộΪʲôһҲ뿴ľҸأԼȴҪͱһܵѾˣΪʲôܷŹΪʲô 
ôˣǲǷʲôˣʹ࣬꯵ҲƱڽʡ 
òһ㣬˽ԼԺ·УʧȥĸܣȴζǲˣʮʹҴ£ôԺڹ¶įʹжȹã 
Ҳܸȥ顣 
Ϊʲô꯲Լġ 
Ұ硣ԼƮѾоʹˡͺƵһߣѳΪһϰߡ 
ܣ꯲ֻʵ˺һϵѪɫɲرɡ 
ܣԼ۾ԼİһֱǿġأĻ϶ 
ǻäĿ˿塣ʹɵǣһǸ񾭣Ҳ쳣 
ҲǰǺܰ㣬Ҳڶڰ㡣˶٣˵šһǧˣҺۣĺۣݰҲټˡ㣬ֻܣģֻҸҵˣúֵ£ɱɱӣˣˡ 
վţЩһһ⵶ϸǰֻһˣٵĸ׵Ҹ˴븸ףüˣ˻ʲôʸ̸Ҹ 
ľƣҪٵĽһܿ 
׼ˡԼĻѾãԶʹһֱԼܽеʹƽȥ˰̵̣һΡ 
𣿡꯻һ䣬֪һˡ 
ǵģܰңҲΨһܸҸˡؽĿͶߣ૵˵˿ǶҸһ롣 
꯻ظߵһԾؼӴ˲ѳһӣ 
ʱһعȥشȴŹȵϢ 
͵̧ͷĺڲףϢѸٵӣ˲˾εذΧ 
ָֻǰú佫ԼһĨʹĵ𡣰֪Լ˺˺תԶȥһɲǣ˺þõ糱ˮӿһתۣϾһƬʪ󡣡 



ڶʮ ǰϦ

       ǻȥɡʹؽִڰļϡʲôʱѧ᲻˺Լ 
عͷ΢΢һЦ 
һ·˶û˵ڿ쵽ʱͻȻʣղ˵𣿡 
һʱûӦɻ硣 
ղ˵Ҫҳ𣿡һ顣 
⡣֪Լղ˵ʲôĲųڶġ 
Ȼشۣɬǣǣǡ 
ûʲô֪ԼһԸ 
̧ۣؿ硣Ƿ̫̫֪࣬࣬ȥѾ˺һĻ˺ڶͻȻ䣬оۣĺۣ 
վ鲻һ૵˵ţ۾ãȻؿԶ 
һץס֣ðĪؿҲʶԼļŲطſ 
ҲҪңֻϣԼ㡣֮꣬ܰߣѾҸ 
һůֽҲԾزؽͷһߣһε䡣 
Ǻαأ 
缱нתԼȴڼһ㡣ʹΪȥ۽ǲˮȴԽԽࡣԼҲʼ 
һᣬչ㣬𣿡 
һ˫ۣǿȴ͸һ˿¾ܾ˵ڵĻһα˻ȥԼ˺ĻǸ 
𣿡þûлشϵЦҲʼʹ 
ƹа֮ãڵ˵ͷ 
˷ܵؽӵڻ˵ţлл㣬лл㡣 
εرڻеİͻȻоһǿҵĿ⣬ɻ̧ۣȴڽӴǵĿͷȫһ 
оĵʣôˣ 
𶯣ҡһֱŵ˫ֽر磬˵ 
Щɻ󵫻ԣø 
һ̧ۣȴϿյǵϤӰʧļһǿҵʧСȻ䣬׷Ѱȥĳ嶯 
ת뿪Ļǻȥɡ 
ƸգϲϢ 
ϺзҲæòһֺĹةҲźĹĴš 
쾲ڷڣḧװɫ˶ǽӵʱˡߵӱߣ򿪹ţڹŵһ̣Ĳ̡þõأôҲ˵Լϡ 
׵ӣȻѾˣΪĻʹ 
⴫һϽϣᡣ 
ûºؿڡ 
ſˣʥĸٻӵˡ 
ϽվԸѾϲ衣 
λ㣬ôпˡһ潫˵ǰһʵ 
˵أúûȴ£ҲҪǡٻһڲ裬߷ߵ䡣 
ǰǵġҲš 
λ㣬ⲻ𣿡ڶһ󣬰Ц¡ 
ǺøôһλɾһλӣĽسޡ 
ɲǣꯡٻŸһڣڵؽ㡣˶εؿŰ죬ٻҲŭԼʱԼ˵ôǹܲסأ 
ǰ⽩֣Цλôˣҵϲô飿 
ˣҲͶЦˣֵؼš 
ףãϲ𣿺Ưǰٻۼ⣬˷ڴϵϲĸ󣬾һֱǣԼҲ򿪿 
ʱٻѽϲ򿪣󣬸Űϲ쵴ڷڵÿһ䡣 
ƯӲĽظ̾Ƕϼ˾ 
쵭ɨǷϼһۣŵЦˡ 
һֱûпڵʥĸع۲ŰһһֱһǱô򵥡 
ûãӻõ뿪ˡ޷ǶЩʲôúϣ֮ġЦŹϷţϣʹرۣһξȻ¡ 
Ϊʲôһڶ𣬰쾪㵵ۡ 
ʥĸһеĿɬ 
Ϊʲôûߣǿ˶˲ŹŵġҲô࣬ǿǣǡ㣬ôûߣ 
˵ţȥȴʥĸסˡ 
ãΪʲôҪôִٵسףΪʲô磿 
첻ҿ˫۾Ϊһ˫ͬɫۡ 
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ףҺΪˡǣԼأ𣿿𣿡 
˵ﻰҵȻˡ첻źۼؽͷһߡ 
𣿡ʥĸŵطһ䡣ʲôֲǲ֪·Ҳǹˣֺγ 
ȻˡæҸλ˫ҲڡҪ׺ĸѲֹһεطʹÿһ˸СëҲԼѵѱֵǺŬŬԼģԼ֣ 
ʥĸؿ˰þã̧ۣһСľͱˡǹһͣʥĸһ仰ҴҶȥ 
ףҸ 
ʥĸߺ󣬰һһηԭҪƭҲһ£Һջˡ 



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ȮϽԱߵıͲȡһ֧ϣһۣӹʣȥ 
ˡ Ȯĵؽг 
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ȮôԸҲֻȻ˳ 
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ڵԽԽĿһһʱϲлһ̡ 
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꯵һĨʹ࣬æתͷʥĸһʥĸȴǶĮ飡 
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Ǳ˳ȥصڵϡһֻֽ࣬һֻȵ֧š 
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¹ڵϣ⺮ҹɫһ䡣 
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㲻ҲϣҸ𣿡תͷŮӲõü 
ϣҸ㡣 ɫŮζ˵ļ磬ϣԼĹǡ 
֪Ұ˲طɫŮӵ֡ 
硣 ɫŮٴνִϣỽ 
Ȱңǲ뿪ģŴδйļᶨ 
ɫŮתһɫʵľˣ 
ǵġ϶صͷ 
ɫŮ̾˿ε˵ðɣȻ˿϶Ҳֻ֧ˡ 
ģͬ𣿡˷ܵɫŮӵ֡ 
ɫŮӳͷЦˣǣͬˡ 
ǡ 
İɣһ㶨ģôҵ ɫŮӹذ 
ô᲻㣬ͨ鹫أŵ˸ݵƣŪһЦ 
ˣȥӰɡ Цͷһǡ 
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ЦҡҡͷصЦٸһϢ 
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Ĺǻɣʵ 
㡣ô֪羪ֵ̧ͷԵЩ֪롣 
ʲôҲ֪ġûذһۣô㾭鶼ûУءҪãôĶ֪𣿡 
֪룬绹Ǿʵش 
ؼǿܿסȪԹԱά֮Ųַ 
Ͼ˵̲סӿڣȴ㵽һۣæ죬˵ˡ 
ؼһŻ飬ڵĻȴûбʱǺȱݵġ˵ɨһۣ½ֻҪڻ鱻ǰףôڵĻͻԶʧ 
ģ׺ԶߣϣҪǻ飿һԵš 
ǣ˰ɣ 
 
Ѿʼϼ⣬ľҲɼ 
ȥɣ׵ӡЦһѡ 
翴۶æеǰˣǸûȥˡ˵ţѼƳȥ 
ԶȥӰЦǳˣ˵꣬һתɳ۶ȥ 



ʮһ Ѿʼ

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ǰæꯣ͵̧ͷеϬȮȫʼҧûߡ 
ԼŰɡš 
Ȯ֪Լٲʶ˳һͿǱˡ 
εطеıʣ׵ӣһĨЦ߸֡ 
ͻȻһ͵һսٴС 
վ߳鷿ңǵסĵط 
ɰǵľۻ궦ʱĻһʹ˷ǣ 
ЦƿĿ⣬üĿһѱӡ 
ʲôϢ¶ȡ 
䣬һӰѾڷڡ 
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һжԣİɡɫػش 
꯵ͷһߵ¡ 
Ǵ˵еľۻ궦ɡƻһЦ־Ҫȥǰڷŵľۻ궦 
ס֣һȣۻ궦ѷ꯵С 
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Ĺİɣ͵Ц˺ðĽ¶ĺβ͡ 
ʲô˼ؿ˫ĿϬԢ 
Լ꯵ĸǿӲܶǲԸڱǰչʾġʵ£˵ҲΪĲ£æ͵еع 
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㴼ľ˱ǶͻȻҲһݵĳ嶯ӹ룬һһѵһ 
һһںΪұԷ治Ųκξ㣬Ҳκζ 
С뵽ɴԸƴһתۣһƬǽ壬ǱˤľƸ׺Ͳľˮ 
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Ҳˣڴߣؿų˯еꯡ 
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һϲµнӹ죬ظоŵֻЩ飬οģ̧ܿͷʵϲ£ƿ΢Ц 
ֻѶĻǡ˼سЦЦԵô 
ڵڱҲ̲סЦһߵ϶Ҳһ˿Ц⡣ 
ֻʥĸëǼڸõɰһ 
Ұ˫ʾ⣬ǰ￪ʼ񡣡 
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˶һĻˣ꯰Ĳ϶ôͻȻĹĻ 
վڰ϶𶨶ؿ˫ۣպ͸֪վԵҲΪԼѾȻɵ˫۲ԼӰʱԭĻǻʹ 
վһߵʥĸëǶһۣοЦˡ 
ڰֿ꯵ʱͻȻǰһס 
һ־ͣڰաػعͷ˫Լ͸һ˿ 
ֻʵغһȻԼܵԼŹ֪뿪͵ȥҲᣡ 
ѵҪʲô𣿡 
ҪʲôͻȻһǰôأôˣҪػĶأ˽ 
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ǸһĨŵЦҪȥ죬ԶԼԶ˭Ҳ޷ı䡣 
ͻȻһӵһߣźεĺ⡣ 
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꯻طſ죬ЦҪԼŰ졣˵̧꣬ž;ֱߡ 
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Բ磬Բ𣡡عͷ磬˵šҲעҪˣԲ磡 
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ŮЦҡҡͷڰһãȻУֻһɫƮվһŮ 
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ʲô֪ķ𣿡켱ʡ 
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쵭ȻЦˣͻȻ뵽ʲôʡ 
ģֻнˣ𣿡˵ţĿͶꯡ 
ĵ˵ͷ 
Ҫô콹ʡ 
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ŶĿּɨ 
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羲ϣͷ˫ּ䡣΢زţĻãȻȸ 
߹ȥַļϣ˸ŹС 
ľ𣿡͸ΣԻ񱻴Ϻ֪ 
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ѵ㵱𣿡ʹĵؽڻΪʲôҸʸûУ 
룿͵̧ͷʹЦҵѾˡ 
硱ʹؿˮ 
㣬Ҹ㲢սɡ̧ͷ飬ǸһϣԼҸĽ㡣 
磬Ҳϣ㱳ϳ޵ĵӣһѾˡȲߵߣȻ˵ʥسʱ㻹СûĿã㲻ظݽرδʯϡϣҵҸһͨһĵ֪𣿡 
վߵߣشļϡ㡱 
齫ָģЦˡ 
㣬֪ӦǣˣͻصеҵΡ 
ֻ֪ҪԸ⣬ǵҿȥϣ·ǧѾ˼Ϊʲô޷룿 
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ǣǣǧļ϶˵ǾԼԶޣԼܹһͨ˵Լ͵ɽɵвƣ㣬ջʧˡ 
һл£΢綳ں 
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ǵ˯ʱ˺ܶľƣôȴûһ޾Ƶĸо 
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ԶԶأк߳ӰΪĹϵǵ 
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꯸ӵؿһۣصص˵ͷ 
һʲô𣿡ͻȻʡ 
յ飬ӦǸǹйһοܲؽǵԪģ֮£ֻһˡ 
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ǸǴڲͬʱաû˵꣬ͱһʹĽкˡ 
عͷֻʹرͷһ˫һգգضǰ档 
ղŵӰѱһŮһֻŵ˵СˮĴؿߣȴҲ㡣һŮٻϡԿľǿִš 
꯷Լδյı飬ŮӦǷͬһ㡣 
뵽ѾڣɳƣŶ⡣ 
ϡϼ 
û뵽㻹ǵáŵЦ 
һϵıصŤš 
ǲһǲģǣ 
𣿡ŵ۷ʵ 
ҡһʱᣬ֪ηҲ֪ԼϣΣʵ 
꯵ɫԽԽڵֲԾյøԼֻǲ֪ǶԸԼĳֻʲô˼ŸֿܣǣԸοãҲȻסͥǻ˭أҲǰ죬Ŀǰͬˣ̹ǲٶԸˡ뵽Ļ̲סһʹ˿ߵյߣؽִϡ 
ǶģֻķΪֻһΣӦøлҡڿصڵϺЦˡ 
ؿһۣһ֣Ůʧ 
ûش˸򧣬һ˹ŵ۵ڱصãͻȻһ͵ɫ䣬ѵѵ 
ҵ̧ͷŵ۵ѳһһŮӰ 
زһԾؽл 
زߣվǰŮȴֻһӰֻоһ飬ǱӰϤϤǿԺ֡ 
ôʶŵһӣŮ泯ߡ 
΢һڽյùףԼƽ̣ 
ŵ۽ƻЦꯣΪùңֻ𣿡 
ڵָѿʼ죬꯹ЦŶŵ۴ͽ̣ 
ŵһסˣһӣ漴ֹЦ 
ꯣȻǲ򵥡˶٣˵ҼȻóƣȻ֪ݡ 
ؿ꯵һӣ 
һ仰һ״꯵ϣֻźһɫҲ˲ûҰס 
㵽һ䡣 
ŵɨһۣһӣӰȫʧ 
ǵĻӦ֪Ҫô졣˵꣬һ䣬ɢȥǿӭûüӦʱ·ԶԶȥ 



 жѾʼ

       оеֻ΢ضһ£ȻֻǺ΢һ£ڰȴȻɽҪ𺶡ϸضɳ˯ꯡĽëʱʱ΢ţյ˫ҲڻŲҪˣ 
ĪؿţҪĿڰ㡣֣ڴصȺ 
꯳ض˶صƤʶҪȴͷصЩ񻰣صشϡ 
ôˣĶ𣿡һ˫ָİ˫磬ʶԼ˫־һֱš 
𣿻ֻԼĻþŬҪۣҲΪղһˤȻ۵ûˡ 
˫Сĵؽ𣬻ϸĵԺһͷؿڴء 
ŵؿڳ˫ۣͫһɲǣؿ峺红ͯûκװʵʵطӦĵĸܣǱʲôصػһ¡ 
꯾ȵؿǰŮӣеİ 
ʩ֬۵ƽտΪĶǶһ޿ƵؽĿĹȦڡ 
ˣˡ쾪ϲ˵Ļ᲻Ծع䡣 
һ㣬漴ӵϲԾظһĨЦ⡣ 
ꯣҡеİܸоԼӦý͵ʲô 
꣬˵΢΢ҡͷرۣӽӵ 
ʱһֹͣˣ˾ţŶԷ 
㡣ã꯻̲סʵǸκԼڵĴʲôȻ밽ߣ 
͵شֱ˫ۡһӣ𣿡 
һ㣬ɫҲ֮ɫѵĸ˵ʲô챾׵ӣǲġĸԣĸ˵ʲôǲܸıԵġ 
𣿡 
ĵ£ҲһƬġæı绤ģ»һӡ 
֪ٶӵ΢̾һ 
Ϊʲôأ콫ǰԹܿǾԵˡ 
㲻Ҳһ𣿡ɱۣ³һ䡣 
ؿꯣãſڡ 
֪ҵˣ𣿡Ȼʲô֪ΪʲôֹҪǾˣô죿ѵһûΪʲôǲԼһ£ 
꯲Ȼض˶죬ֻεص˵ͷ 
ŭһȼŵĻӣ޷ȥ˼ԼҪʲôʲôĶΪţΪʲôȿǱˣΪʲôĬĬسһУ 
ое˶һ£ô£ѾûĨоǰġĪʧУ˲䲼ȫÿ䡣 
ˣһеظܵľ 
ʶ֣ػš 
ˤ֣ջǺݲǸģֻȻؼڴߣ֡ 
ˣЦŽ˵Լط㷢 
ûС콫ͷһ𣬽Ӳ˵ˣȴڻ꯵Цˡ 
--------------- 
ԶԶؾͼ쾲ڻ԰ʯߣֻ֧ͷڿʲô 
ЦʾȮ£⽫ŲŵЩ߹ȥ 
ʲôأͻȻ 
Ȼ쾪̧ͷεĻҡڿ꯺󣬲˿͸صĿڣߵҪҰ 
㷢Цʲôô񣿡˵ţԱߵʯ¡ 
̧ۣһ˫ˮĿ峿⣬ͫתɢγһѣĿϼΣͺƳϼ 
ð죬ǿԼعĿڱŵ˫ϣȴ֪ôӺ˵ 
ͻȻ˽̧ͷһؿԼĶʱһů˼ҲͻȻ 
Ҹȥ˶֮о꯵΢ز£οЦЦ˵һҸоκε쳣鲻ټڵΣȥĸģǷġȴظо֮ڵϢǴɢֻҪͿظӦһΣȴʲôҲо붫֮󣬲ŷöڶɢˡ 
꯵ؿʼ³̹ѾʼжˡΪǻӺ֣˺һӣȴû뵽ǾȻڶֽ֮š 
˵ĵǣҲɵһͷԼǰ 
ڣûµġ 
ص˵ͷرۡ 
ڴʱһеԶˡ 
ʶٵֱһ˫ĴƯţҲطų졣 
ЦſһۣؽĿתˣʣʲô£ 
̫׽һ㣬Żعʷһ꯵Ͽܰı飬ûȵҲڱôһɣ뵽˵Ŀģæħͥˣ£ǰ 
ɫһվҪߡ 
ꯣҸһȥҲϽվ 
꯻عͷŰ죬˼Ƭ̣ãߡ˵ţסֻӰһʧȥӰ 
Ĺȵࡣ̫׽ǷӦ԰ֻʣһˡҲ˲ڷɱȮæţ׷ȥ 



 ؾɸ

       밽ϵʱŵѴ̹γһԲظΧס 
Ҳ̫ţſڵ˾ҪͨҲڿ꯵󣬰һæǰʵôڲ 
ؿһۣĵ֪ȻᣬǷ񻹻ʺҡ 
ĵεЦЦɨһۣսĿڹŵ۵ϡҲԼָһЦ󣬽Ŀƿˡ͵һŰֲԾؼӴ 
ɻؿɫǵҪʡ 
תͷһοЦ漴־ؿ档 
ˣڷĵ̧ͷŵǰĻͻȻһĨϤӰԾ޾ѵǣ 
ٶȽӴǵӰʱע⵽˫ĿҲһգգض⡣ 
ǱʲôͻȻһ£ҲûˡǸһչĴк𣿻˧еĲ΢Ц׶ĵĿЦͻȻɣ˺ܶ࣬ůȥȡ֮Ǳȱİˡ˾Ǹû˸ľżΨһ˿˫ۣ˫峺ǿۡɶĳ˳ޣǾ 
һԭԼ˵֮ͻȻһûʱһ˫Ѽʱؽס 
̧ͷһǵؿЦҡҡͷԼӵş̌ͷҲظоĺһٴڶΡȻδҪ˺ȴվص˺ 
ɽҲˣܺãܺãһ 
һæ̧ͷŷ֪ǺʱѴյءæϸ 
۵Ϊشк̨ϵųŵòص˵ͷŵۣ 
ŵһ㣬Ȼû뵽ŵۣһֱǸʮĹħзɿһ˿漴Ц磬иġ 
˵䣬мɨһۡ 
һֱעŹŵ۵ꯣȻûдһŵֻüͷ΢壬س˼˺һչ 
˫΢ϣĿȱһ䣺зԿ࣬ͷǰڶҲ˫ֺһһ䣺з 
ǵĴȱȴûлŵ۵Ļ⣬еĵһѷŭĻ硣Ȼܵ꯻ǿˡ 
ߣҼɡŵЦһǰʣҲˡ˵ţɨ˴һۣڿһȺëë档 
ħ̫⣬¹˭ֻ֪أڿ˺ĸԵеˡ£Ҳóͳ߸е 
𣿡һԵЦŽӿڣͻȻ˫һơʯ䣬վڹŵ۵һࡣ 
Ҳɵһ㣬һϵõǾǺ࣬һüĿһӢͬһϮ£ȴиоһɽڹŵ۵ѹȸС 
꯲֮ʣĸѳڶࣿ죿 
ࣿ죿ҲȵǺ£յս࣬Ϲս죿ǲȥôͻȻڹŵ۵ߣһʱ䣬һƬɧңҶһһСš 
ࣿ죿췴ǣȻ֪ƲǺϵع˼ͥ档 
Цɨһۣǰһмصʲôʱֵң 
㣡ĸߵǰһȴΪǵͣ¡ꯣ 
ðҲǰ㲻Եתͷȴɫ信Ƹûŭȴٽһ 
ûκα飬һҲûС 
ڵɶڿǣĸоҲһƬġΣŭԼҲŪĵȼŵľһʲô㺡 
׼ѵʱһӰر 
ġһֱûбĳ㣬¶һĨЦաһ룬ЦȴϡΪĲûгǵȻؿһۺվ꯵ࡣ 
ôˣоӺʥĸǵصʡ 
ûʲôĿһҲû뿪ģͻĸʣͷŭشһ䡣 
ʥĸһ㣬Ӻ˽Ӳģǲǳʲô¡ţ˳ųĿ⿴ȥʹĵ̾˿ 
ͻȻŵ۴һӣڹһ硣ɶʧɫҪŸȴǳ˲ӬƵģ˫ֵۣؿ̹ˡ 
һƬˣÿ϶εдſ־塣 
˾ϵȴⲻһȡӽŰģãǶû¡ֻãۿȥȴʥĸҲȺڣŬҪȴΪġ 
ġ꯿ٵסҪȥģʾҡͷ 
ǲǸоˣŵЦʵ 
ɾ󾪣ݺݵضŹŵۣеѾµ˫ѿʼ 
ֻùŵۣȻûʧȥȫĹЧȴвԹά֮šǵķҲܿҡ˵꣬Ц 
ЦɵĶĤû˷ֻʹԼ˫ 
ɨأԼģ죬⣬ֻ߸϶վšԼΪʲô᲻ά֮ŵӰ졣̹ħԼΪԹԿԲӰ졣ǻ飬ȻҲǲӰġʯ߸ȻҲݡֻ϶ΪʲôҲά֮ŵӰ죿ѵԼݣ 
оһ̽Ŀ⣬϶̧ͷꯡȻһæص£Ҳ쳣Ȼڻʲô֪ʲôľҵţ嶶ҲеĲҶ 
ꯣǵɸȫˡŵ۵һס 
ʲôɶֵصһԼͬؽĿͶꯡвмҲзŭ 
΢һһĨʹͣ˴ԼһӡſģһȥһκҪٲˡţЦԳ 
ꯣޣ 
ꯣСˣҲŹġ 
ꯣ㲻ú 
 
ʱ𣬶ûɫĮֻڵѽճȭ 
̧ҪȥɸһɲǣһͻȻ𣺡ţ 
߸ʧؿꯣ΢΢طˮʹҡͷ꯴磬ǰ죬һصͥ󣬿˵ˡһţû뵽㾹һ̰Сˡҿˡ˵ţһĨᣬ׹ضꯣݺݵصҾҲóѣУ˵գŻǹ꯵Ҫȥ 
һīѻǹ߸Ĺ 
ڴĸغϺĵ߸²ӣ¡øϿ콫ˣźáͻȻǹһᣬһѳ߸ɨȥ 
߸ӲһѪ鲻Ըص¡ 
߸ɴ󾪣˭Ҳû뵽꯾˺µ֡ 
ꯣСˣʥĸ޺޵ 
ȫһоһѪӿϺ䡣 
û°ɣһַֻסǵʡ 
̧ͷԭǰ죬Լ峺ͫУؿ⡣ 
кˣ꯺ǿǣǣſ֣سȥ۾ɱˣԼȥǧˣַһɲǣɿسտһۡҲĿͬʱԼһס 
ɫĹâڷɳֱ꯵ġŸ׼֣һɾѲֻһʱѷŵ۵ġͻȻһɢһĩ 
ǳ׵ľˣɸѻ٣ԶҲٻˡǱˤڵϣûɸҲٹ˼ʲôɵϡÿһ˶ɵˣؿһѷĩƮڿ 
ꯣҺ㣡Һ㣡Ӧĳ㣬ҵ˫֣Ҫȴ϶סˡ۾Ѫ죬͸¶ǿҵɱ 
㣬϶ţͼóƽϢ 
ʱʥĸҲҧѽŲ˹ʹرų㣬һεϡ 
ҺҺҲѳΪˣܿˡſʥĸϡ֪֪ʥĸͷʹرӡ 
 



 

       ǵ˭˵Ƿֻʱ 
ֹͣˣҲȻػعءһδ֮ʱҲ̽Ʋ΢Цʱʱ˻ĨȥĲмҲʼȴˤµʹʼһεİ裬ȴɻǵó䶨ı 
˭ǳ˭ֽǴأ 
̹ȥ׼¡صľε߸ǸĺӣվǱǹȻѾԼˣ̹廹ûзŹײݲ紵ĻΪ̹ȴֻ˻ȥɸðյԼǸ˵̫Ը̫⣬лʲôأ 
մŷˣǺûյĸꡣ˲ʱؿԼһۣзɡ˵Сʥʱɱ˽ϰ 
΢΢ĵһЦȴ̧ͷɲǣײʼһʴȵߣҲһСȻѾɸҲǸ̨ϵķ棬꯵ȴɸоǷݼǹҲ 
Կ࣬ҷȱһͷˡ 
һ̸ͬѵ֪Щʲôû˷ôͬ˽̸ 
׼ʱǵٶ 
Ӧз𡣡ԽԽԶκ졣 
ֻȺԶֻʣһįıӰæۣԪƮȥĿȥһɲǣƿ΢Ц 
ԭԼԪغ͵һͻȻ뵽˵زǸգĲɷˣĴȱлŵظֻǲ֪ĸˡ 
---------- 
վʥĸͻһ 
ڳ㷴Ӧ֮ʱѼһһֻѽʥĸ 
ãôˣ꯽Ҫ鿴ʥĸȴһԵĳŭƿһ˫͸ɱ⡣ 
꯳һ£˫Ŀͬһŵƿû˷ĳ㱾ǲƿģȴΪ˺ʱܵرܿ 
㡣̾һתͷų㡣ܹ𱣻Լͬõ 
סڣ㲻֣ҧгݵؿ꣬ĸͷҲص߹ԼĶ֣ҲԲȡЦڵֻϿĸ뿪뿪ȶħҪ޳ܵˡ 
쵽һʱͣסˡȻѾѡǿΣʥĸķ˿꯵ָ 
˿ߣǺͷеɬĸоǵչչ 
΢ض˶վֻƾŷ˿ָ䴩һ䣬ֱһֵĲã 
ḡͻȻһ˫ůָס̧ͷеؿ 
΢һߣһָֻ˫ֵ棬һĨůֱĵס 
˾ˣҡĳ߹˫ʱʱƯʥĸԶȥıӰ 
ȻصͷȥɡҲãĿţҲǿԷˡ˵ĲҪ˵ 
֪ˡ˵꣬ټҲü˵ͳķȥ 
߰ɡ̾һǣ𰽺֡ 
ȥģʡ 
ȥȮ 
 
ɴׯ϶£ 
ôһҲûˣɨ˿յĴһۺʵ 
ûлشֻɫѰʲô 
ҡڰ׼ʳʱһɫӰӴź󱼳 
һۣɫĹ˿ϲΧ꯴תҲͷ 
Ȯô 
Ѿʧȥ˷ѱ䲻Ρ ꯵ػش 
һʹҲŶȮЩҵë 
ˣأ𣿡ͻȻ뵽ǸɰŮʵ 
 Ȯؽһͨ 
ѵˣæվҪڱȥȴһָסֱֱˤĻ 
˲䷺һ󳱺죬æȴƮţǲҶĺڵ˫ͫ 
Ȯ˵ǳǰ뿪ˡ Ц 
뿪ˣȥˣæ̧ͷȴڶ˫ۺѸٵص¡ 
ûлشֻ죬վ߰ɣ 
ȥģǲǽǳ෴ķ 
˼䡱꯻عͷһ䣬漴һơ 
ɣ֪磬ˮ֪캮 
ХıɨܵĴҲɪĸѽѽذСİı䲻˿ˣ粻û޼ɵ 
꯱֮л࿹ȻǸо䡣ȮͲͬˣֻСѿһţɫƤëѸԶȥһֻɫĴ⬡ 
Ӱ쵽࣬꯷ʩֻɪµȮ 
ůĻסĺ磬Ȯ̧ͷһȻˣжȪӿ 
ٿޣͽˣ Ȯ㽫ϲ룬æؽƿõŭ 
仰ܴЧȮֹͣ˿ίʹգۡ 
һԵİ̲סЦҲɱ˰ 
ǣʶѽһ˵С·ϣ쿴˿ܣԼʶ 
뻪ɽԶһСС꯵ش 
ɽ쾪ʣΪǻȥ۵waiting bar 
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תۼ䣬һƯıǰͣ¡ 
ǣ췢Լƶһ 
ǵļҡ˵ţһΣѽһԿ׵ݵǰɨۻ˯Ȯ 
ſˣڵİ͸¶˵ĸƷλ 
Ÿ̤ţ꯾һɣؽ˯ŨȮӵϡ 
Ӳذ˸ܽӴõҲˤˡȮ۽һ˵ίգۡ 
Ҳؾֱߵɳ£ͷԼϡ 
˾˯ɡ˵رۣظͷ˳㷢 
ڵϵȮ״æɿرҲ뼷˵м䡣ȴԼͷ̫Сɳ̫ߣôҲȥֻò鲻Ըؾ˵Ľűߡ 
ѵõܰХĺҲȥţֻڴǻ 



 Ҳ

       ŷѩˡ 
ϵʱŸָ㣬ȴһƬ԰׵ 
һתѻһװɫзߵڳĲţһӣ˱ȿȣɳϸϸƷ 
ƵһצСǸ߰ڷɣջǱ 
һڣɬԼ͸Ÿ𡣾ͺȻ֣ܶǷĸȴֻбɬ󣬲õ 
ڴݼ磬Ƿݸ 
ߵλã꯻عͷվİ졣 
İҲѻ˼·ɫţп㣬ɫףȻŭŵõ塣 
ʶԼ콿ߵصͷ੹ֵʲô 
һ㣬æع΢΢Щ죬Ȼɤӣȥǣ˳㽫˵ţӱóһ͸˷ϴһſһԿףһűǩֽ 
ǣӹӣԵʡ 
һпȡȥҰһưɣҲи֮˳㻹Щ⡣Կ׸ַ 
ԭ㶼ǰźˡ˵վȴ߳һعͷЩǮ˵գеĴӣָָķӡ 
ЦŽȶ˵ߣһڲŴ֪ʣǮǲƵġ 
Ƶģ쾪ȵʡ 
꯵ͷƵӳһ䣺û뵽Ǽһ￨Ͼôࡣ 
ųOΣþõҪϡԵô꯾ͬǰЩͬˡ˺ܶ࣬ҲԽԽ˼仯ˡ 
꯵ı飬ûƵǮǮɣֻǲ֪ƻʱˢˣֻһ鰡 
ʲôôİһЦ⣬ֵˡ 
ʶԼԹԵЦ˳̧ۼһĪؿԼ㽫ղ˵һ顣 
ȴһ㣬漴Ȼص£޹أ 
֪ش𣬰΢һЦ˶еĴӣ˾䣺ˡ 
˵͵ġڰʱ³һ䡣 
һ㣬ֻͻһĨʹС˵ĹǣȴʼûһԸȥ 
Цŵͷţ˳ȥ 
ѩ£ƮƮͥԺƮӣ 
꯷еıӣվЦ˲ȥһīѱУɫзѱź 
ǹŵͥεӣԼҲӦ֮С 
׼뿪ʱͻɼűһӰ߹ȥȮͷԸĹģȥȥͻءͻȻ뵽˷ݣƺƮгиֻҪߵͷйޣŲͲҡ 
ʱϰҪ˽Լ٣ʱѲپǿطգ 
ЦվһӰʧԶȥ 
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ѩԽԽǧƮĻƬëơ 
ǧѩ߹ȫɱƬỹ 
챾ܵعȻ䣬ѩ뾱ζɲܡ 
·ûʲôˣֻһЩĳڼе׷š 
ûдͽСҲƼˣ˼Ǳ׾˶߼ΪطС 
һѩϣĸо˲䴫ĵסδü壬滨ѻһˮ͸ָ볾 
²̤ĲǷҷǽӲĻ塣һƻĻҲֻø֮ˡ 
һƾɵİڣҵ˼һǡϵʱΪĳ¶š 
ҿֻ÷ˡڿȥ϶ǰҪʩȴĸһְס 
У˺ġ 
ܲǶɣһɲؽϾ͵õһƬĸ͡ 
УٴΰסҪʩ϶𣬼ᶨ˵ûһء 
϶ΪѣҲԸ˺࣬ѾûзˣһûԶˡȥ¡ 
Щͷĳʥĸķ£߹ģ档ĺܣ͡϶ĸʩʩɡһڣ̲סݴ 
ʹطų㣬ȴǼЭ 
ʱסˣѩҲҪһţڷĻ£ڱĲмֱƵôһ󲽡 
嶶ɪ纣ĲΣ 
ɼ˵ؼֻյؽĿͶǽǱߵĸǵùִľͷ 
ĸûпǵĿ⣬ؿŴѩǳĳּСȴһĲڣȻԼҲ䣬ܶ۵ǿذͷ 
ĳںеһݣˢˢؽĿͶ 
ôˣʶղԣ΢شкתĵֵġ 
ĳڣͳʣĸǵ𣿡 
һ˶գգض֪Լ˵֣ͻᱻǵ۹ǧ԰ٿס 
ȻˡҺҪ治֪ȥˡ㣬ϣеĴӷС 
ɻؿеĴӣʣҵͷ󣬲Ŵ򿪣һпһưɵԿ׸ַ 
Լҵģǣ꯵Ķͽˡ 
һ㡣һʹԼҪ˵ΪŵģǲҪֻɬһЦȻҸˡ 
Ǯأ㲻ĵʡ 
ôô첻źۼתͷ˵Ҳ֪ÿʮͻ˼һˣûеǮôأ 
ˣûʲô˼صͷ 
һһ㾹˵ѶԸ㣬㻹𣿡˵գʥĸ֣ʹĦŰȡů 
áʥĸмЦЦ 
 



 ɾư

       ưʱѾ𽥰 
ûзټûǮ˵ֻͽߵ 
һƿţͷӵظλõ£˿ûƽš 
쵭ɨһֻۣбţŴʱ߰ɵҲǱ΢΢Щͣʹգ˼£ڽǿˮǿ˻ȥ 
ϸشžưɣ񲼾ָwaiting barЩƣֻزŵļ֣ҹľưɡ 
֣첻Ծüͷ໹ûƷλҲǵʱһжҪҪɡ 
Ĵ˿̴¥£ߣС˵¥а˼䷿²á˵ţȺ˯ˡ 
콫ĿͶ⣬еĵƻѾȼһƵ·䣬Ǹ׵ľһ㳾 
νԼǾ˵Ĳ֪εҡҡͷջĿ⣬Ҳˣͽ°ɡ 
ĵͷ¥зȥ˯ɡ 
һʵۣҡ¥ 
ưɶʱҲָ࣬Ųǽϵļ֣˵Ҳ̫ 
ͽwaiting barɡЦŽӿڣWaiting barֻ֮ȥĹƻ̫Ļ䣬̫ 
ãͽWaiting barǵǰǳ𡣡 
ġһϧ 
һ㣬عͷһֱ۹⿴ʹϧ 
ôûȥ˯ͻʥĸҲˡ 
ڳ׼شʱ¥ϴһҵûǷӦ 
顱һˤ 
ǣʶԼĶ䣬ûб𻵡 
̫٣ĸۣϾֻʣˡÿ˶Ҫһ䣬ֻãԾ͡˵û˵꣬һȭͷôŰҺŵľ幻񣬷Ҫˡ 
ǣҳ컨Ҳҡ 
룿ﲻͥ Ҳʾػػ 
ã㲻ǰɣţһһ 
 
ԽԽ˼תţҺûжﴫҡţ˼һΪпֲϮء 
첻õüͷĵ˵˾ٻͷҲصţҹɫС 
-------- 
ѩ£һƬƬڵҹƮ䣬һ׹뷲ľ顣Ƶĵȹ⣬ӭⶬһѩ 
ȥͥһˣ˼ѹڡ֪ǷڵģһεǰκһζҪ¡أͥһЩ챦⣬ǻ̹ʥش˺ܶϹ֮ 
ƬĺȴԽظоµ 
˾ҲǶսʤ𡣸ۡҲŵһ£һֻͥȴˡ 
˷ǣָ̾˰ɡ 
һһͷʱǺȴɷ̵سЦν 
üͷ΢΢𣬼ӿ˷ٶȡܿ͵˼ſڣĵƻţһůûԿ׿ţԷٽڡ 
Ƶĵƹ⣬Ʈš 
ϤĺӰббصɳϣ˫ۼ䣬ɫĳк£˴Ϊһɫٲ 
ĽűſһɫСһԵôĺг˲ȥ 
Ųɳߣؿ˯еļˡ 
޳ָɢϵķ˿Ƶĵƹ⣬ݿĶһ·ϵУڼ󣬲ƽ͡ 
ԭڲ֪裬ǲԾعһĨ΢ЦҪ 
ȴʱˣʵۣһϲʹۣȷκ󣬲ϲץ꯵֡ 
ڻ֪֪ҺõġҪŶʱĲȫйӵſ꯻ˡ 
֪ʹıȴ֪˵ʲô 
ͻȻ뵽ʲôæŵҲһ㡣㻹ûԷɣȥ 
ˣҲȻʧЦΪǸ˰˵ţ㽫ߣԼǰԼͷķ䡣 
ͥһˣŵۻıĿĸͲסûгɹ㣬ȴ˲Ϊյĳš 
УصһкƶңȻֻܷͥʱݵһݣȴĿп˻ķ 
ѵҪҲֲԾս 
ꯣ쵣ǵʡ 
ҡͷʣˣ 
ʱϵȮҲ˵Ľű̻ 
Ǹڿ¿ǮҲò˰ɡ뵽Ⱥˣһӵ֮󣬲ģ˳ɵļӡ˵ȺΪư̫֣ǵ߼￪𷿼 
ϴȥһΣȴҼͬ˿һĻ˵Ѿûʲôˡ 
治֪Ǯˣʲô 
ͷۣ˵ʲô 



ڰ 

       ѩҲ֪˭˵仰 
ҹããѩȴաѩһڻڵһƲİ߼ˮܵ£һεδڻ졣 
밽ڵͣȮؾſڵϣʳ 
ͻȻһӰſֱ˽һġ 
ģʲô£ڼһ󣬰쵣ǵʡʱҲ˿ӣ߿ 
ĸ˾ˣһҪȾȳ㡣˵ҲҪˡ 
ֻĿһǱ˱ݺݳһޡ̧ۿꯣϵţ˫дǳ 
ôˣ 
Ǳץˡ 
ʲô쾪㵵ۣȷԼʣΪʲôҪץ 
ɳϣӹ꯵һˮ˵ϣưͻȻһȺˣǳҪƣɵʱ̨ѾˣٻӾ͹ȥǰ˵˭֪ЩȴŰٻӣҪǺȾơ 
أ̲סһ䣬ٻƢģ¿϶Ҫġ 
ĺ˿ˮ˵ٻȻϣֱЩ˵ͷϣø⡣ߵ˾ʹˣһЩ˿ԣʹ绰ڳϾ⣬е˶ˣҿڻû͹Ҿ˾ˡ 
۸ĸҲץ𣿡ڼĵͷ󣬾ȵʡҲμ˴ܣɣ 
Ⱥץǵʱĸ۳ΣȺ˵Ƿ˾참Ҳץȥˡ 
ꯣعͷһ˼ꯣ 
꯰οسЦЦ㽫ĿתģһὫǾȳģҪwaiting bar 
ңĪָԼʡ 
꯵ͷݸһɫƿӣһűǩֽһп 
˾ˣǣɻؽӹƷʡ 
Ȼwaiting barôƾƣľءɫƿľƵԭϣʱĩֽдıõķ 
лл˾ˣſأ 
ЩǮưɵĿٸһ 
صصͷ 
СôˣҲҲȥ 
ǵȻĵü̹ʥأǽwaiting barĵεζˡ 
˾ˣҪȶݹƶȣ° 
ã 
ȥֽʡ˵ɿسұȥ 
ôоҪˡ 
Ц֣Ǿ͵ſһϷɡ 
ɬشۣ˵ͷ 
Щôǰûأʡ 
֪ҰɼӵĺǲġЦھ֣Żġ 
ѵǣ쾪㵵Ҫվȴ꯸һס 
ʲôˡҪĲҵöɡ 
ֽʶˡķɿرһҲæأεؿۣһ糺İ죬߷Ըģдд 
ġһͷ 
վߵߵһȲ裬ݵ꯵ϡ 
лл꯽ӹ裬һڡ 
дˡ˵䣬ֽѳе꯵ǰ 
ӹֽɨһۣһεͷϸ 
ʱһһعȥˣĽŵؿꯣգҲһգ 
ģôţֲǿԡЦصݸһ裬Ȥ 
̧ͷ˽ŵһۣһ䣺СŮ 
Ҳ˵ˣڼ꯵ͷͷȸԾ 
С顣ҡҡͷվ 
ȥءҲվٲȻһλ᲻ɷŵӡ 
˾Ҫȥģ˷еģԵʡ 
ģȻȥȳˡЦһǣѾͷһʲôˡ 
ҲȥһҲŷɱ 
Ҳֻǰſõ˲õЦգֻһȴҪеôصΡţ㲻Ծ̾˿ 
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콥Ƶ·Ҳͬ⺮ҹɫš 
꯴ſڽӭȡ£һԵ¼ϡ 
ôȳ𣿡 
꯽ӹȲ裬ͷ 
𣿡ɴߣʡ 
̧ͷ˰ãֱ첻˼صͷŵİɣˡ 
꯵Ľ֪Ⱥɾھܵ˷˵Ĵ 
ôڵ˶ûʲô첻ֹ 
ǻûʲô𣿡꯵͸¶ĺ⣬ǧֻԼְ֣ء˼ҲǳԼµĶҲǻá 
ˣǱϾɰ衣裬һܲܰɡ 
ᣬǲ֪ʹġ߸ϵôĿ˼˰ٶ꣬ʲôıӶˡͥػħ˻룬˼Ҳ 
һ㣬ǰΪػߵڷ˼λСɾ˵С 
һлġоĵΣ꯰οӵŵ˫硣 
صͷŻġ 
ղ˵ٻ㱻ؽԺˣô£ 
ţɣ˭ҲܶڵܲؽԺ𣿡Ц 
ûнȳ𣿡 
мɡضһ䣬ͷɳϡ 
˼˰죬վȥǡ 
˼һ£Ҳá뵽㣬óʱǽӲ飬е㲻ġ 



ھ һĸ

       ҹϯŴأһҹߣⷱĶеƻҡҷ 
Waiting barڵƻͨʵĲż֣ͣӪҵ 
Ŷ룬ԭ˶ڣʲôûע⵽վΧģ˹ָȺˣͽһߵ¡ 
Щ̫ɶˡһɱڵİ 
ԣǻָ˷һӿŭ 
ָ˷ĸŭشλˣɨ˽磿 
ʱưһƬžû˽ӿڣҲû˸ȥӿڡȻѲͥɶĸľǧѳΪһϰߡ 
ڽߵİҲĪضԿһۺشĸôԽԽýĸǰЩͬϾҲһĪ⣬ѵǣ 
һֱ綼һָ߸ϵ̬ࡣأĿɨ˶ɫ˸صͷ˼䵱ǵֳ˾Ͷ漸Ȧ˾÷Ĩȥļ䡣Ϊˣִ˲ƣ𣿡˵ʱĸŭĿԲɡ 
ĸ֣̾ϢĴˡ 
Ͼ˼Ƭ̣Ŀ򻹴ĪеɡôҲû뵽龹ϷԵһĻû뵽ɷ˺ĸʡ 
ԷºҾһֱѰ˼ΪʲôΪʲôǻߵһ𣿡 
ΪǸͽûӭһƬĸ͡ 
ŭսȭͷȺͷ£֪ᵽ˵ͷϣû뵽ԼǷй 
ͻȻžһһӱصˤڵϡ 
˴󾪣ֵؿŭɽҵĸ 
ǳжΣʲô 
ĸ³һǿɶ񣬿ԼûУȻؽַڱ󣬱߶Ȳߵѵô࣬ʶԼĴ󣿡 
ؿĸһۣӿڵһǧֻͥ޸ȴ˶ԼΡ˼Ϊ޵Ĵ˵գ̾˿ 
˶ȵ˵𣿵һΣĿʣһο¶ڡ 
ֻȫǱ紥˰㣬ڵڣþòͷģҲԼõȥ 
ǣ˫һգգضĸġ 
Ļͷ˰һۣüҲҪҵĹƶأĸʹ¥ˣž㿴ˡ 
Ҳ˵ƶȶû˵ʡ 
Ѿˡ˳ָķһŰɫֽƫƵع¥ݱߵĲǽϡϸԷ֡ 
ĹĸͻȻڣеĿˢˢתߡɻؿ˰һۣԼͷ΢Ŀվ 
ĸ߹ĵǵʣƶƶȱأ 
Ī̧ͷȻĸΪλһʣǳǹֽŵλָָ 
ĸȻһЦߵ¥ݵĲǽߡ 
Ͼڶҩҵ⣬˭Ҫȥʳġ 
ȺɶʱһɧңˮͷӶŸԵȥ 
ԼһӣȺ߳СԸΪ·ǣʳ 
СҲԸ⡱ 
СҲԸ⡱ 
 
waiting barֻ²ʮˣĸѿյľưɣ૵£ǲ̫ˣô죬ǡ 
ʹĸ֣𣬾˼һ׻Կп࣬Ϊˣ 
Ѽ飬˰ɡĸǧʱ飿ʧ֪Ǹ 
ԭĸиģÿһ˶ĵ׿ʼ 
⡣ָǹǽϵֽţ˵ʡµ˶Լͬظۡ 
ĸعȻؿɣŭԼôˣǲûзҲôˣ 
Ժľϰ壬˭Ҫ°¡ĸ 
ʲôҪһ˵ģһؿ顣 
ԣǾ͸ҹȥĸָŴţŭ 
εôص죬̧˫Ҳɵ˻ 
Ȼû飬Ľƶȴһ 
ã˷ܵؽֽ˺£ 
waiting bar£һwaiting barϰΪģκһwaiting barµ˶ϰķԸΥ߷100Ԫ 
ʲôƾʲôҪġһЩ˲ؿ飬ȴĸĿ£ֲòĻӲ̵ 
ڶwaiting barµÿһ800Ԫʡ˵ɨ˴һۣû˳˵ȥ⣬ÿÿ¿õ400Ԫ 
㡣һЩ뷢ȴְĸϣֻɱٵضģ޲ýˡ 
ģĸ 
ʱ˵㵽ʮһ㣬ճӪҵڼ䲻٣óٵÿΥ߷200ԪһΡ 
ɶԾصһҲһؿġ 
һ㣬ȻرͷѵҲ֪ΪʲôһᶨĹᣬԵ˸ŬգۣǽӲƻȥ 
ɤӼֻȴҲκεĸ顣 
ͬһη100Ԫˤһӷ100Ԫʱ˯100Ԫѵڷ̻һڰȺҲҡ 
ʶعǣɫ˵űߣţһۣõسŶȥýϢꯣһʱΪҲٹġ 



ʮ ս

       죬įļڡ 
ҶӣΪ̫ǳƮİɣ 
վ̨ϣһر紵Ĳ 
˵һջļڣҲ죬Ҳ˽ˡ 
ˣסⶰѾˡ 
ʱ䣬Ҳ̣ȴԷֺܶ벻¡ 
ϾӪҩ˵ǲȻˣҪǧɵǰ 
Waiting barҲѽ죬ȺҲվˣ˵ھĸҲԸ 
һö 
ߵڣϵĵ绰ιλǰ귢ݸ绰Ӳһ 
 
ôҵ𣿡ߵɳϡ 
ҵŹ£ھ̣һںӦþͿԵˡ绰ͷЩƣ 
Ǻá꯵صͷ 
ͻȻ绰ͷһɳɳǵ绰һ˸ȥ 
Ҹ꯸˵䡣꯸磬ǸǵҰɡ 
ôðɣ뵽꯲Ծ 
ˣҲ뿴ҡظСһӦϳɡ 
ҵ绰ʱҪ̸һɳɳ绰ͷѴ 
Ǳˣ 
ǰϢ˵ѾɹˣӦͻɡ 
ãҲϻʱ˵ͷѹҶ˵绰 
һ绰ѴʧվߵߡХţǸӦǼֽ١ 
·ǳһֱΪĲȶսʱᱬÿһ䶼ս̣ûһ˵ͷ־ռݡ 
ߣƵس֣һαһһαһ޼ƿʩ𽥵񣬾ĴѰŸԴȴǰʱ䣬һΪ˵ܣԾ˵ٶ˥ʧȥ˼ 
Ͽҵôػָϵķпܻڽͳ׵ 
ȻսʶĿڡ 
ǽֵߵ˰ȴ֪Ѳ֪Ǳصߣ²õЦǷܳ죿 
еīȣ˸ս⡣ 
˼ػǰ 
--------- 
ҹ׶ 
쿴꯽粼ú󣬺Цʣ֪˽ 
꯵ɨһۣûֻŵ档 
Ȼû£ˡĳǡ˵գͳڶȥ 
΢б£ǣһĨҲȥֹΪ֪Ȼֻ۷ء 
Ȼŭرȵꯣʲô˼ 
˵أںطһ䡣 
Ϊ㲼˽磬סңҲδá 
ԡ꯲ɫش졣 
㣡һ㣬˲ûҰסղѾԹˣҲƳ֡±յվǣɱڵؿꯡ 
ɱңԶҲȥͻȻ˫ĿϬض죬ŽŵҲû͡˵꣬㲻ٿ 
ꯣ̫ݣŵ˫֣ͻ˵ŬؿԼ 
꯲𣬷һֱ۹⿴Ŀһ֪϶꯵ʲôϷȴ̲סʣ㣬ʲô˼ 
װĵĿͻȻĳһ䡣 
иŮѯʣǿ϶ 
һɻ̻ԤϮͷȻһô֪ģ 
ǼѾȥˡô֪ģǵõ˽ͬһŮమһŮҸʱȴ֪һƽ 
һ죬۽ͥȴ֪۾ʱ˽סǸһѻپʱȴķ羰ѲɻҽƴѰŮ˷㡣 
䣬Ѳһ˿ĺۼˣűͥ 
ʱ۾ȻҲȰع˵ʲôһȺԻħ 
һ̣ɬЦЦ޼ɴĸʳϡ 
ǲУѹڲɽ¡ 
ŭײɽͳû˳⼸һֱûзѰŮת˵ĻҲûС 
ѵ֪Ů䡣͵սʣǲ֪ʲôŷԭЩ 
ϼӾ㵱ʧŮ꯱³ôһ䡣 
ϡϼܣ صһΣֻʵغһɫҰס 
ţԼ顣鰵õġ 
˼˰죬ǻЩʲôĿģ 
治ϹսľУĿغڡ 
һеȱؾȳǹŵҲϵᰵˣ 
ôȷҾܾȵó 
ѡ񣡡Ц 
һ㣬ЩشۡǰѡϼŮҲὫȳ̹壬Ҳ֪ԴҪЮνһ˫񰡡ȴǺݺݵضһ䣺òƭң 
--------- 
һԤһºһǶУͬһȴνǸ˾ȳ 
ǰϢǳɹؽתƵһطһûо̹һ塣 
ѾЩ׼ʱſˡ 
תͷԭǰ죬ºʣȥ֮ˣüͷԾš 
ץ꯵֣˵ꯣʱҺ㡣˵ţЦҲԼΡҲվһ𡣡 
ؿŰ죬ãһ̾ͷ°ɣҲǿ㡣 
лл㣡ǰİ죬ͻ۾һᣬһҪ¡ 
꯲̾˿ΪվҪԵ 
ˣ 
͵˫ü 
³Ųһˡ 
ô죿Ÿձ۵ꯣ͵ 
ȴҲԼķɥ̾ 
꯸ӵؿһۣûֻؽӵڻС



ʮһ ɱ

       ϣϰϰӰ߲ 
¹ˮˮ죬һɿص 
ǵװҡҷˣһɫŮﻹݡ 
ҲֹͣžɬӰ 
üͷתǵؿʣղŵĻʲô˼ 
һ紵˲貽絴㣬ա 
ûлͷֻ̾ 
㣬һֱ֪ļƻԲԣǰһץ֣ 
תãŻؽֳ 
磬²Ǹùܵġ 
һǰ棬ĵ˵ѾõҪģΪʲô㣿Ҫʲô˵ѳΪ˺ĵź 
ͻȻɫ䣬һѽش⣬ûʲô˿𣿸˵ 
ŭ˦֣ǿذͷΪʲô˵ 
⼸㴦ȥɱ죬ѾʧˡŸͼɫػҰסȻ֪Ȱã̲סȰһΡҪ˺𣿡 
ߡһתͷճյŹӰವĺ档 
ʼꯣǺαأ鳤̾˿ȴԾظһĨЦΪǽȴעܰˣͻȻڴ̣ʶظĿڡ 
ûлͷֻ΢һŵֻؽա 
бˣְɡ 
͵ת¹£΢΢͸ˮ⡣꯲ߣ 
磡΢ŭ 
㣬Բ鲻á˵ţ;ٲ߿ 
ֻάһ£Ҫ֪ǲŹġ 
׼߿磬⻰ͻȻͣ½Ųȴûлͷı΢΢ͦͦҲû˵һٶȥ 
ĿӰʧ鱾ܵ뻽סǶ˶ֻһεĳ̾ԼֺγΪȴ޿԰Ρ 
Ϯɢ羵ƽƽ͵ı棬Ҳѵʱ˰ɡ 
------- 
ҹһֹĺڡ 
һ˯µİվڴǰþõԶ 
֪ΪʲôҹйѰѹ֣µϡȴܸоܲ 
ͻȻһë޵ĸоͷȮ 
ϴȮ˫ںڵۣЦȮôˣ 
꯸ȥܼͥӣҲûüʡѾôˣӦǲˡ 
ԾظȮ˳ë·꯽ôһֻСڹ󣬾ûٽ仯ȮҲϰˣֻеʱȴǻᱻϱĹ۸ 
ˣȮûȥ˯ˡ·Ȯһֱ˯꯷ĽôҲȥԼķ䣬ʼ꯺ܲԸ⣬Ҳˡ 
Ȯҡͷ˼һſڴ˯ 
⹷⸱鰽첻ɵһЦ˼󣬱ҲٹҪ˯˯ɡ 
˯кһҵĿⶢԼ͵һҵۡ 
һӰվڴǰԼ 
ڰУ˸һĨĹ⡣ 
͵ս˲Ծؿʼ󿿡ͻȻžصһ˵ƣڰ˲ȥĹߴ̵Щ 
磿㣿ڿ˺󣬰쾪 
һ˲ȡ૵ػһ 
׼ȥͻȻоһ˿Ծ 
ȫɢŨҵľԼһµ˼ 
㡣Ҫʲôڿǰһ󣬰ֱ͵һҲüҶ 
һֽšпٵһ˿ʹԲ𣬺ֻҪƽҲںӡֻɿž⣬شȥ 
ӰһĽлһǰ 
ͻȻһȮԭȮҧסȽšü΢΢һ壬һ̧Ȯһߣſ˲Զĵذϣһ 
Ȯ쾪Ҫȥȴѱסȥ· 
磬Ҫʲôıƽһغˣȫǽϡ 
Ѿ·ˣһεεع䡣ңң 
ǵһѻ𣬷ȼաȫһ־ͣڰգظϰΪȥᡣ 
Ҹô죿ͳŴԵɳơ 
һ㣬̧ͷؿ硣 
ֻҪһ컹ǻ飬ͷǳɣһڶ 
ȫҵĽΣһѽ챧ڻļҷ 
ſңſң־ţȴôҲѲǯơ 
Ȼûж㡣ҲֻС 
ڰ컹ûӦǰ 
ӱѸٵֽ裬ȴѲ 
ꯣꯣң 
дһ˿ҲһֵĻȥɫ˫һƬ硣 
˻һѱȥһ룬ֱۣȻ֡ 
ҵضţľس䣬׹٣ 
ſͻȻһŭȣˤ⡣ 
ʹرߣȴ쾪ֵץӣԼεعš 
ͫ΢ʶս˫ȭɱӿȻ֡ 
ʶΪֵһŻعɫҪӵڻҺͻȻоеظ˻򡣡 
һŵС򣬱ܵؾܾһС 
ͣڰգʹ޷꯻غţ꯰ 
ꯣž̧ͷ㯵ؿꯣòĻˡ 
£⣬£Űı 
ʱڰų˯еϻŲἣڵ͵սͫ׸ɲ⡣ 
ص磡ۣ˯İ죬ڿնȥ 



ʮ Ϊһս

       ҡҷſ֦ѽѽ죬еһЩҶҲ䡣 
ʣҶƮڷ׷Ĳ 
Ƿ׷ҲãĲҲա 
վߣʼջݣҲֻû 
˺ܶʱ·վֻᵽһյ㡣 
羲վţһսӲĵ񣬵ȴԼĽ֡ 
΢΢ڶʾǰ 
̧ͷ־飬üԾ信û˵ 
Ľ죿̽ʣȻֻ˵һ룬ȴ˼ 
ɵ֣ԾؼӴ 
ЦˣŨҵĿɬ 
յذڹԼΪһţôæظϻȥ϶ǸӦʲô 
ǻˣˡ 
磡ѽѵ㻹Ҫ𣿡ŭ 
عͷؿ飬ˮԼ֣ǿٶȱͷȥ 
ղŲҲڸǰ˵Ѿʧȥ˻𣿡ǽ϶֤ŸҲ 
˵Ҿˡ 
ֺγ֪άǿĨǿɢʵ૵ΪʲôΪʲôҷѾ˼Ǹı䲻ˣΪʲô꯳ٻһɹˣٰ첻ȥǲпʹҲνֻҪţĵػš񡣡 
Ҳɡ˼˰죬ֻ̾һ 
Цתͷ̵㣬ʱҲˣ뵱Ǿ׽һϷʲôˣֻµһɽѡ 
ĳŪҲûзֻεؼһЦҲʥĸ˵㯵ʱȥ񣬿ʱָȥʲô 
꯶ǻɱģߣߡ黺ȥ磬ȴԾ˿ƲƵػعͷʱȴ緢һס 
ҪʲôſңʹȴƳǵ磬еĵĮȴرҪ磬Ҫ£ʹҡͷΪʲôΪʲôΨһĵܵҪԼΪʲôúޣ 
һ۸롣֣ȴһʱ͵ͣסһֱǿĽ㣬쾹ΪˣȴҪʧ㣬Բ𣡶Բ 
תȦû¡һģŤͷȥ 
磡˺ƵźȴûֹȥĲرۣصصڵϡ 
磬ΪʲôҪԼΪʲôΪʲô 
ɳɳظţһڿ 
------ 
ҹߣӰ߲ 
еŨҵİĬΪ˭Ϊ⼴ĩջΪɢȻ 
ɫطź⣬п˿ 
Ū˵ķ˿ 
۲Զ磬һǹѰȻ 
ޣȻǵޣǰƻһҸӡĽ֣ͬҲȥǲпˡ 
ʣδ¶ı 
ΣǧΣػԼûʤİգҲϣԼ꯵С£õԣһֶ͡෴յȴѣǴδôѹ 
Ц߸֣һֲһеĵĮ 
ģк 
ꯣͲߡǵģ䣡޷Լ㽫Ϊص䱦ǻŮӱ 
ҵߣҺΣǹֽ˽һʲô䣬Ե 
㣡ѹµĻٶȱĲʣʹһҵ˷йֻһ顱һ˲ҡβԶУһЩûǨ񾪿ֵĴӴ 
䶨ɫĳްظŵı޺ۡеǹҲҪΪ֮Ͼ㣬΢΢ҡΣ硣 
ɨ۵ϵı޺ۣޣǸþϹʱͬ޲Ϊްɡû뵽ϹűĵҲѹǹ˵ȸԾ 
ߣޣδɨ 
ߣЦŷȴǹɨ˲һĨѽΧƾɳʯذҲһˮĬ޲ 
Ѿɻ˳Ѩѵƽҹ 
ǲƣӰ޵νǵˮ©ǹһĨЦӥϬۣضϮıӰ 
ͷµһ˲ͻһǹɨ˲䣬ɢصڵϣѶϳء 
ֻʵغһʹؿŵϵޣصĲȴ̵ڵϣıһս 
ٿȥʱƮ裬¹·ź⣬ͫҲһƬ˸Ȼۼ𣬽塣 
˵ʬر쳣߼Ľʬ꯿ҪǷ 
꯰ؽģǹͻȻһٰ㳯Ӱȥ 
絹ˣŻǱ϶ 
ѪĿѵٶ̧ͷǿҪȴֻһصˤ¡ 
ؿһۣһֵǵʧģȥ 
վˣЦţԼڵϡǱҲãҲգһжҪ˲ 
ףһֿʼˣҲͬȥɡ 
ǰδеɣ˾ͷĸǲʹ˰ɣͻȻ뵽ǸŮӣǸŮӡ㣬Ĳ룡 
һ۽ǻ䣬Ƽس 
㣬Բ磬վʧˡ 



ʮ ı

       ѻһװµڴǰؿŴϵļˡִ֣ỽ̫˵ƽߣڲӳһƬϼ 
һϸСĵͷһȴ˫üأ 
 
ͻȻУֽ裬ͼʲôңҪ 
£ꯡͷʹӵŰ˫ۣԼĻ£ 
΢˫ۣҲ㣬ֻűѰҰȫ꯽ҪԼ㡣ػ˶Ļϸϸ 
СĵнŰıᣬᣬСôߵϼҲȻȥ 
======== 
ʯ 
齫һű̵ʯϺǽߣرۣһл䡣 
㡪ỽ͵ۣæᣬת˫֣ؼһЦ 
˵úϢŬƽȴǴŶ⡣ 
ЦҡҡͷԼԼ꯵һ㣬ޡžҪȥ飬۽ǲ顣 
һץ֣ܵܵͷȥԼϲˮ֪ȴԽԽ࣬档 
絭ջ֣̾ϢҴԶֻˮ˵꣬ëϣһȻ¡ 
硱ٵزᣬǿԼЦòã㿴ⲻЦ𣿡˵̲꣬סת΢ 
ɬؽĿƿؿżʯصĶУƿϤĺŮ΢ЦԼ֣һȣһҵĿԡ 
硪硪æתס˫ۣԼķڡð죬Ұ׵Щɫҵ˫΢ϣȴʼûзһ 
ɫ䣬ӴʱһعȥûɫҲɫҰף亹 
ڣۣ㡣㡣𡣡˷㡣ķˡ 
ҲģҲܷԷش󺰣ɲͦŷ 
ҵĽʬѾ٣ûˡĮĿ˵һԼ޹ص¡ 
һ𣬲Ұ׵ɫӹ죬꯷ٸҲܻٵĽʬ壬ѵԼ翴һۣѸĴ𰸣ΪʲôΪʲôٵԼΪʲôʣʣɵһ˫ۣٴŭҲɢ۳һеỽ硪 
Ҳķ֧ţɫԺ˺ܶ࣬Ҳղǰ㶶ɪ顪ʤһеĽ㡣㣬ӦҺúȰȰС𡣡 
˵ЩϽӹͷӦȻҲԼȰ˸ġ 
㣬ҪúõҸ𣿴Ӧң 
ҸҸҪҸһĨɬĵ׵ǿɬ̣ǵ˵ͷ 
ƣرֻۣʣһˣҲΪǣңǵ¡ 
Ҫ˺ 
Ծؿ磬ŭʧУΡȻǧԸջǿӲԼӦˡʯߵ֣һսָײڣѪ˰ŭŵɳ 
ڱۣس˯Ҳȥŷҵĳ۽ΣοǲкȻѡ뿪ոǲɡ 
ڣһƬžؿŵܵܳ˯ú˯ɣ磬һжõġѪļʣ̧ͷɫŷı 
仮еľʯɲǼ仯ΪСꯣʧȥ׵ʹҲҪ㳢 
========= 
紵Ŵɫ纣㲨ѾˣڴϣûжƶһҲûС˾ѽˣĵؿŴ⣬ָٵ㷢 
˵Լֻ֣нӵеĸоʲôʱԼûʧˣǺÿͷΪом˿Ҫˡ 
˫ۣҪȴһ˫ָš 
֣һ亹ҵ̧ͷȴ˫ЦĿС 
ô⣿ٵͷԼһ׷ۺ˯£һæץӽԼιס 
Цţһ콫˴ǰҲˡ 
ߵͨİ죬⻰ͷһůؽԼĻСôоһˣʲô 
ǵõؾԼ˯ˣ 
£оȫʼ꯽ȥˣһжȥˡ 
Ϊʲôǵ췢ʲôأ룬Ӧûʲô£ҲͲٷȥˣͷ¶һõЦ 
˿֪£ⲻ˽ϸߡ 
ǽɡڱʱͻȻ³һ䡣 
һʱӦؿꯣһƬհס˵ʲô 
һ֪Լ˵ʲôϰ˫ۣ 
û˵ʲôҲûʣƽĵȴ˳ӿǸԶԼҪԵˣǶԣɼ 
======= 
ʮµҹǺڵúܿ죬Ű˵㣬 
ɨ˿յľưһۣƣص͵ɡ˵꣬;ֱһԡֹͣӪҵӣſȥ 
Ű˵Үۣǽϵʱӣھ͹ţǲ̫˵㣿 
ǰҪڰ̨æʥĸҲġ 
ûʥĸ˵꣬ʹش˸Ƿ߹ĸ׵ֺ֣õҺŶָ¥ϣ㿴Ƕ˯ˣҲȥ˯ɡ˵꣬ҲʥĸǷͬ⣬۳¥ȥ 
㡪ʥĸҪסȴһҵĿӲˡ 
һ޼ɴϮ룬һĪѹ֡ 
졪׼лȥŹϵʥĸͻоЩԾ̧ͷȴһʶ˺һӲײ̨ɲǼ䣬ƿƱһء 
㡪ǣŷҲЩɳơ 
鹫סҪĳ㣬ص 
鿿ڰ̨ߣָ΢ڲô΢΢𣬸һĨЦħǣȻüԣ 
㲻ĵǰһָ 
һ漴Ц 
Цߣ༭裬ҲǱЦŵ¥ϵҲһȴڿɫһ¥Ͽ֣СĸɴͶط䡣 
Цͣˣɨڵһۣʱɱͻһǹѷ֣سͼ顣 
ǹ̳ʱķɿؽڴ״̬ʥĸ룬ֻһ죬̨̼仯Ϊһ̲ˮ 
ƾҲ뵲ңǣһĨ̡ 
ĽʥĸһһǿҵֱϮȥǹһɵؽ֮⡣ 
ٿȥʱȫɢɫĹΣڵ˲ɵһɫͫףͲػػɫ˫Ŀ 
Ȼͳȫ㡪һԾУǹɨɫҵسϮ 
Ҳŷɫ֮࿹ԼʮӣͻȻһҽУصصڵϣʺѪ 
ġʹſĸףıȥ 
ͻĴһعͷȴǹشʥĸ塣 
˲䱻˺Ƭʹųʥĸȥ 
㣬ҪĽкһ̧ͷؿԼһǹѴʥĸڳֱ 



ʮ Եʥĸ

       Ѫ˲˳˫ۣŭŵı˰ѾĵĿ޺ͷµǹֻĸ׵µӰȥסȴ˸㲻ʹ 
һҪȴֻһεĵ£ʹ˼㣬˭Ⱦȳ㣬˭Ⱦ 
ۿǹҪһδڣҲرۡȴɲǼ䣬һɸǿ룬Ҳֻʵ˺ü 
ã꯷ɿطסʥĸʹ 
ʥĸۣڿ˺һ㣬漴ʣ硱 
꯴ʹСĵطãǹַ࣬ɨһۣɱ 
ðŻعڿ꯺һ˿£ȴֻһ㱻ڸǡȥҲһоͲᷢҲ֪ԼĽ֣񣬵ߣãʾһ㣡δǹ꯴ 
һʥĸУվͻĿһwaiting bar Ѿķѡ 
㣬ҪסۼʥĸɫԽԽ԰ף켱ֱ䡣ķ΢Ѿ޷֧ˣô죿̧۳꯿ȥͬ鶷ѷ֣򲻿ġ 
Ѱһţʹ޺ 
ﲻµģȦȴظ졣 
ڰΪԼ֧ŲסʱһҲŽʥĸڣɳ˲١ 
ѵꯣϲȥԭ˹쿴һĵЦ 
ֻ˸һߣһſŻǡһƬǽУһɹɨɢ˼䡣̻𣬱ըϣ죬붯ԱһĪѡ 
ҽ죬ÿһ˶ڿ־壬־ⲻܿƵһСżմ򶷵ˣŭˣĩˡҲ˲мط̣ˣҵսսˣĩˣ 
һƬңҲòȥѾսʮغϣһ꯲òķſյɨ۵ãͬѾ֧ŲסˣõҲԽԽ͸ȥĻ췦ˡ 
ȫķģݺݵسȥһʱ飬ӲذһƣʱѪصص¡ 
--------------- 
һ˲ĿĹһʹֻһһҪ֧ŵ꯻һҪһԴԴȴǽһ޵׶Ҫ£ʥĸͲϣԱ֮֡ͷ󺹣ȴ޿κΡ 
ۼʥĸԽԽ͸ʱ塣󼱣㣬ҪסĶһۣһͬʱӴǽʥĸһ㡣 
ſһߣʹúޣԼΪʲôûзΪʲôﲻһæֻؿĸԼǰһʧȥ 
ͻȻһʹͬ˫˫ڵϣʧȥԼĻǴʥĸƮԶȥ 
Ҫȥץܾ뿪ܣ߽ӣصڵϣؿĸһԶȥ 
ڴҶʱһ£ʥĸĻǸӲ˺üס 
ꯡϲվߵ꯵ߡ 
΢΢𣬸˰һοЦתصؿʥĸûصȥںһֵĺͯ簮дһ˿ʹ 
ʥĸֹͣȴûҪصڵ˼˫ۣã૵³һ䣺硱 
ãһͷһȣֻص˵ΪӡԾ֣صȥ 
ʥĸʹҡͷҪȥȴֱ 
󺰣ΪʲôҪ뿪Ҫ뿪ǡ 
ʥĸعͷؿų㣬ֱһл䣬ŽĿתꯣ磬İãߡ 
һУʥĸ 
ʥĸ˳һ̾һ㣬ҵĶӣߺҪ˾˵ġ 
ҡ 
˵꣬ʲôչ˾ˣűۣһ£㣬ѵΨһһ󶼲ϴӦ𣿡 
ҡһʱ֪˵ʲôԥ 
ӦңʥĸԾ 
ҧҧ޺޵صһۣĳּУһк޿ɾ졣 
ڼͷʥĸ˿ĿãȻؿԶ 
΢һ֪õһ˵ģҪΨһʹرۣãѵľ赽ز 
Ŀȥˡ˵꣬һײס⡣ 
꯿һαأָſ޺۵ĳ㣬ãѵǺ𣿡 
뿪ң 
ʥĸ۳㣬㣬ѾˣҪﵣˡٽĿ꯵ϣߺһֱʹǼĳŵûȥڡڿԷһУȥˡıŶδ 
һֱûгİ죬ǰһ㡪 
û˵ͱʥĸˣãӦÿҵ顣һ¸סˣ֪˵ʲôֻýĿͶꯡ 
ɫĿŨҵŭ𣬡𣿡ô꣬ȻûѣԼĶӶԷ£˵䣬ӴʥĸεȦסлӡ 
ûз裬෴ҺѡʥĸͻȻһ˦䣬ʧؿưĶ磬ΪʲôҪһδֹҴûһôѣ磬ߡ 
붼룡һһٴνʥĸסһ 
ǲȥġʥĸҲǿ֡ 
ۼʥĸԽԽ˶ᵽɤۣʥĸȴ֣ԽԽǿҡȥʥĸûлصڣͻɢġ 
Ҳεջ˷ʥĸԭءҲ뿪 
þ˭Ҳ˭ţΰ죬ģôȰʥĸǼᶨ 
һĨǰףɫ䣬ʥĸȴһ⣬磬Ȼ㲻֣Ǿ͵̫һҷɡ 
ɣˡ־شУʥĸ΢΢һرͷƵؿꯡ 
------------- 
ۣŶιķѾо˿ڵʹ꯵һƴļΨһһ۽䣬ĺ 
ɣһ¶룬ôӵԼ 
ΪʱȴһůĻһĸо˲鲼ȫŬ֧ŵļǿϰ߽⣬ԭԼҲ˴ 
ëȶȴûһΣԼԶ˯ȥɣ벻ʵлʲôֵȥ 
顪ʹؿŻеˣڶȴڼ۽ǵĲ顣 
΢΢һۣ㣿˵οʧ 
Ȼ˲ָֻ˵ͷ˺صˡ 
΢ĿԶƮ졣ˣͲںˣҲںˡԶƵĵƻҲҹɫɢغۣûп۵Ŀ 
ҹžˮֻз˿縧 
߹ִڲƵļϣ㡪û°ɣ 
Żع񣬿˽һۣҡͷû£ȥɡ˵գֽĿڻеϡǸǿһŮӣȴĻʱҪȥʹر˱ۣ򽫳ҿܡ 
ûȲ˵꣬ļ磬Цİɣġ 
ǣǣлл˵걧飬ȥ 
----------- 
ϵʱͬʥĸڽУ˭Ҳ˭ 
ǣǰȥһֱŵġ 
ı㽫ľµؽһ顣ͷʹؿʥĸһƵؿꯡ̾ϢôһΪã 
Ű𣬡̫ˣ 
̧ͷȾһϼ⣬̫ųƽߡعͷʥĸĴ߳һĨЦ˿ãѡ𣿡 
ʥĸһ㣬ɵؿꯣǵ˵ͷ 
꯺һ˺ܶ࣬ǺãӦ㡣 
ʲôʥĸŵؿꯣǲԼˡظһɵģûƭң 
ȻûУôƭأЦǰһ̫Щ㡣˵ţƲʥĸԣʥĸ˫֡ 
ƭҵġʥĸҡͷǰ 
ôƭ㣿Ŷ磡 
ʥĸվԭأԥŸòš״ߵߣ˾˲ƭģ 
Ļʥĸڷ˹ǣһسȥ 
ÿ˴Ҵ¾ƶʥĸƵġ 
硪ߵǰ󣬼꯲ûʲôĵ߽һüĿһһѵͷʥĸ¡ 
ʥĸ󾪣ƴƭң㡪û˵꣬ͻһڡ 
㾪Ҫǰȴһָֹֻˡعͷǽü㻹ҪǸͱȥ 
㳯ǰ˿ڰʥĸ̶ڡعͷʵǽ 
Сӣóˣ 
Цŵͷζڳļģһ仰ͷҲصسǱȥ 
 



ʮ ֮Լ

       龲ڲƵĻ΢ۣѪ̫ȴһȥɡ 
Լǣ£һľĬȻ 
顱Ƹر飬ʵ 
ִ̧ۣŵˡδйθУͷѵ֮ҲƣЦ£֣ŲӢɣӡ 
һ㣬Ὣָ˫ϣһת˼Ȧǻ䡣 
Բ˱ۣӲ³һ䡣 
彩ֱڻǾܾԼĽŬؼһЦûϵ 
赭дͻȻһĨѹһ㣬źۼѹ²ʸУҪ 
˫ָļ磬ԼҲԼͷڲƿĻСҴûԿһ˵Ļ￴ճ龰Ψһͬˡ 
ظ㷢һͷͷһ˰˰Ůӡ 
𣿡 
΢Ƭ̣أ𣿡 
ȻشۣЦʼղҡ 
һҪȥߵᣬȴ쵽һ󣬻˻̧ͷ̫̽ͷҲԡڳϼ 
µһ쿪ʼˡ³һ䡣 
̧ͷϼ˲ӳ˫ۣǰһֿʼˡ˵Լȴû졣 
顪Ƶͷֱۡ 
鲻¶һЦڲƵı䣬ľҲˡ 
֪Ҹ£𣿡ʡ 
㵵صͷ飬þ˵ 
ȻһЦƣرۣϢ˺˰ٶǰ 
---------- 
ԭ˰ٶǰ̹忪ʼʵʩǸƻʱ֪ͨ꯼תΪҾһԱΪ׷ѰǷѾõİЭƻĽԼתΪɵŮ 
㲻㣬Ȼ˽졪ղơ 
ʱʱĪǿԳؿЦʲôʱҲʼˣ 
˲ƸоǱ˸ݺݵشһҪοȴҲֻøӽر 
ƻˣҲص˶٣û뵽ȴ˵̧ͷƣϻδɵᣬڣ֪ΪʲôôԸ˰ɡ 
ƿɬһЦǣ𣿡ƽȴڴġ֪ԼҪõһʲôĴ𰸣Ҳ֪ʲôĴ𰸲ˡҲʣҲ 
鲢ûʶĵìܣֻǵȻһЦޣҲɡǲ㣬Ҳûɴ˭أ𣿻ǡ˵һƬ 
飬˵ˡҲҪЩǷǷǣ뿪𣿡ӵ飬ص 
齫ĿջأŲƣò̾һһһһ̫ۣ̫ۣ 
飬Ҫ 
ҡͷһȱĸףؿ˲һۣҪúõؼ㣬һοǧŪˡ˵꣬رۣһ۽ǻ䡣 
ʹ˿һ˳¡§Żмˣͷ̫Ѿ˵棬ؿãݴء 
˯ɣúõ˯ 
ţںһİޣһεεشڻŮӵϡ 
------------- 
ͻȻûһף޿׽ 
꯽ĿӴջأ߹ϣ΢ǣǣߵߣ㻹棬˵Ҫʥĸ 
ĵɫЩţ۵ؽڻḧ㷢 
Ϊưɱ𻵣㽫ôסıȾͷǼҡҲ֮ڻδΪԼԸǺ͸ˡ̾˿ 
ꯡ 
꯻عͷһǵؿɵѾͷ΢΢ǣǵطŰ˳Ľ𷢡Ửĸоʱɳ˺ܶ࣬û¡ 
عͷڶϵĽ 
ؿ˫ֻأȤڿˣ 
غһۣЦգɫǸˡ˵ŴóһɫĽУݸꯣҲõϡ 
ӹд򿪣һ龧Ө͸İ˽ʯ͸ʯѪ˿ĴǣγһʻɺѪɺ 
ͷؿꯣ֪Ļǲ١ 
ҲʯϸꡣһԵĺشչʲôѪɺһʯͷ 
֮СӲ˵Ŷĵͷһ£Ʒ˾ţ֮ŵġ 
ʶ컳㣬ֲֻǺ΢һ¡ꯣε˾ˣ˵˵ 
Ǻʮı飬꯲ʧЦǵͷȥʯͷɵʱȴһѪɺ֮ѵһ˲䴥Ǳڵ֮ӵ㡣 
صͷЦͷһģС˰ɡ 
ŸһöŮ𣬡㾹۸ҵŮ˵һιĻûüӦѱһůϤĻ 



ʮ 

       عͷȴŮһϮɫ£Ŧûȫ۷⡣洩һװɫĳȹ޳ȰʤѩҹԵøѣĿ 
Ŀ信Ϭһֿĵľڵķ˿߸ߵ𣬸Ե˰ȻᡣֻڴߵӼеĺ󣬲΢Щ 
ŵӣһͷɫ΢ĳ˧ϼһɫīǴһ˿ǳЦɢŮӽȻͬº͡ 
վɫ䲻ϲ֮ɫ㣬Сᡣ 
СŮӣüһôӭ 
ôòôд̰˵գּһӵļϣЦӣŮôˣôŻû̺á 
δ˵꣬ͼСеķħ볢ħζǲǣ 
СᣬһǿҪܶǮģСᡪ 
Сɫ˽һۣӵľɳ¡һźɫǣǽʣһˣϽʬе㡪Ҳ⽫Ŀ⣬ȥˣûˣҲ֪û 
ͦ޹ü˫ֻأСǰǮëǡ 
û˵꣬㵽Сһǰۣɨܣۿʼһߣģ 
һ㣬Ϊдһʣֻش˷Ӱ죬ҡͷǡŲһ䣬꯵ġ˵գһۿǵһָ 
ꯣСһɨղӸ飬شǶǸ𣿡 
ӹһȲ裬һڣ³һ䣬ʴ۵ 
һԾСһϷȴ꯵Ĵɡ꯵ɫ˲࣬ɢű˵ĺæǰת˸⣬ˣôġ 
ӿЩյСᣬٿ˵ꯣҲ˳ŽĻǡ 
죬Ϲս𣿡쾪ȵʣؿһۣûаı䣬֪Ƶġ 
ӿ˰һۣŵеزӦÿ쵽˰ɡ 
ȴ৵ؽĿƵӵϣϵı˱仯 
ͻȻһ׹ѳĸˣŮ 
һйɼߵŮǰʣ 
鮣ɵؽĿͶһӵĸϡ 
ֹסеᣬָŹĶӣ꯶һ˿ɬĸѣѰ˸¶ĲԺɣ 
վڲԶؿţʱĨᡣ 
زһ̾ȸӵǶϸĸӡ 
ߵߣɻô£ 
ЦſһۣһŮӵ֣Цϼߴȥλˡ 
ϼɬصͷֱʧŻعӣ˵Ů𣿡 
СὫ豭˵ߣ˿ڲ裬ζص˵ʷš 
һֱСӵŵģŴҸлعҸԭĿԴֿɼ𣿡ֻһΡ 
СһʹӶһۣȰظĵͷҲ߹ӵĸŮģְԶߵġ 
𣿡 
Сһӵĳɣ΢΢ЦȻġ 
ʱ꯵ķ£ͬزɳϣ꯵ϥأ˫ַ̡ǧٸ⿨ĿڣһʱٸнȴҲûʳվһߣҲҪȥ˲裬ؿš 
ʱнŹ¼ŵĳĬ 
ǽЩĳƣϣ˫ֻأº͵ǳЦǲʹ°ɣ 
С̧ͷذһۣȻҲ֪һ̹ӣɵǳսǾ˵ģοˡѶ˶뿪Լ 
ıͻСᡪ 
ǵһͻСӹȥ̶˳ɷЦˡ 
ڽԹԳЦЦ㽫ĿƵزϡ 
̾˿ΪֻǶĴ꯶waiting barڷĹȣҸطչء꯶ǲ㣬𣡡ʹظ꯵û뵽ȴ̹ˣץ̹ʥء 
꯽̵֣۵ 
ЦŽز꯵ϣ꯶ 
ǱУסˡز˫ʣЩؿ̣ԭԼ 
ѲµЩȴǲ⾪ȳ⡪ 
ԭزһγħʱʧȥ˷˺ڷ䣬 
ֱһ죬ͬɽ־˵Ķȴ׷ɱħ˵ӡڼ䣬վ飬زҲвĿ㻯ΪͬӽΪޡ 
Լݡһδλڱߣֱ¡ʱԽоԽءöҹѣһԼɷ͵ÿҪȥʱ˯һ˵Լ 
ƶԲ𣡡 زʹظӽ̵֣شۡ 
ҡҡͷЦŷס֣ҲǰƭԼͬȥеɾκѽһп 
һЦӵģҲЦЦ 
Ů󲻾ãзԼķػָӲһͨŮ۵áɷѵȻ˫ۣȴûбֳǰһͨƽ 
ֱһ죬زͻȻӦظѣǰȥͬʱȴ⵽ӵǿҷԣ֪һ뿪ͲٻļֹҲûת⣬ߺͥΪ꯵Ŀ򿪶ҵǡ 
һֱܵ£ڵˡһΣǸ˲صĴۡ 
̰οسزһЦӹ˵꯶ɽҾȳΪԼʮյ»ҷ𡣡˵գ˱鸴ӵÿһۣɵʱŷ־ڵ֮ġ 
˭Ҳû뵽Ǽ䣬һι¡ضǣҪЩʲô 
Ƕ˶ز£ỽһ 
زֶЩȫƽյ򾲡ꯣԼ˸ˮ⣬꯶ 



ʮ ȫԲ

       쿪ʼףӦصĲһƻҵį 
طϲȻȴھãĿɬﵭȴһ޿״ĸоѾͣˣҪΪóһ̨ϼѾеգ΢΢زţᣬҡҷ˼£ȥ 
ջĿ⣬鵭дطȥĳ䱻ǣվߵߣ֣ǺġˡĹ 
ȻսꯣȴǵȻһЦӽ֡С¹ײϼƱ鲼ɬشۣȴһƬհס 
һȡЦڲƺ«ˣҲᣬûҲֻȤҲ˵ 
ŶЦվ֣¶һ꯵֣ҵĶӣȻǺ۹⡣ 
΢΢һЦ÷񡣰˫΢죬ɬһ䣬ӡ 
ַ˷𰽺㷢Цôӣ 
һ죬ꯣȴһĪǳЦֻ³һ䣬ĸɳûĵز 
ز΢Цŵͷ㽫ĿƵ꯵ϣ߼״ҲǻĵһЦ 
ӵŰɳ£ЩʲôʱȴһŲȴ÷ǳ 
عͷȴһͷ߳Ȼش£ûпڵˡ 
ϲرȥ㡱Сһ㣬ͬӶһۺ˼עų㡣 
̧ͷŷڲ֪ʱЩˣɻģȴصһЦ˹ 
꯵㡣زǰ⹫š 
⹫ţɻ̧ͷ˶һЦؿҲ鷢ֵ̫ͻȻˣҲûдӸղŵлعסˡ 
䣬͵㣬ôˣ 
عǿؼһЦȴСĺĪһǱرͷ 
˫Щ죬ضų㣬ȴꯣĶӣ 
꯵ͷڳĶϸ⹫š 
ͻȻоѣͨһڵϣ⹫šԾЩʡ 
ͷʹظıҵĹӡ 
ǲ٣Ӿе㣬Ҳѹ˳˵ʤ۶ء 
زʣأһɲرûҰףɥشͷ꯵ҲֽȻĶ˸ 
ʶЩԾҲһ飬ǰôû 
Բûչ˺ã 
ز߹꯶̫𡣡̶̵һ仰ȴ꯵һůͷ 
桱ָȾͷһ䷿⹫һҪȾ 
=========== 
ڣʥĸ˯ڴϣһޡ 
زع˵òء˶٣ֻԼԸԾе㼬֡ 
ΪʲôԸأ꯶ǲǷʲô£ʡ 
һԵĳŽȥ˵һ飬ɫ΢ŭ֣˻ô 
ⲻãûչ˺ 
̿ã̾˿꯶̫ˡ 
վġûг֪ڽһйԼļϣҪȰ⣬ȴֲ֪˵Щʲôദ˰˰ٶ꣬ӵĸԡɳ˯Ů̾ΪͲܳЩأ 
ϧҵķޡ ز̾һΡά֮űԹķҲ裬仹Щȴ൱΢ƳһԵСᣬӦСᣬҿа취 
Сͷ취С 
δ˵꣬ó㼱ĸȾ 
˭㲮ĸô𣿡 Сɫһȵ 
ǵġҡ⹫СᣬʱࡣԿ϶ǰŮӾĵĸס뵽Ϊţ֪Դ롣 
衪Ĳ졣 
Ů⣬СεؿһۣһյĳҪҾҲԡ 
ģ˷̧ܵͷҪǰһȴСĿһɣֻӲ 
Сһۣߵߣ˶Ĭ߳ţֻг㻹ǡСعͷôҪѽ 
һǡĹһͬ˷š 
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˴ԼһСʱſˣһȥʥĸԾڴϣûһѵļ 
ôû 
û˵꣬СͽһƬӵһǧԪңۣڽǮʺϡҲ˳쾪ȵųOͣźۼصסҪģعͷضһ䣬㣬Ů⣡ĳŶȥ 
ٶȿһ磬㻹δӦѲӰ⡣ؿˣÿһޱ飬Ҳûһۡҧҧת׷Ķȥ׼ٲʱ꯺ȵ 
һ𣬻عٵرߣЩ졣 
̿ų㰵̾⺢ôûԣҲΪ꯶ˡĿƵϣеעŴϵʥĸ 
ʥĸë΢΢ЩɫԾؽţڴߣʥĸ֣ͻá 
㼤غ 
˵ע£ʥĸۣڿ꯺Եһܵ󿿡Ȼ֣վЩį߳š״ֵؿʥĸһۣųȥˡ 
ͬزεضһۣŮȴǲ֪˵Щʲô 
˾ܹ㣬㲻Ҳȥ̲סڵ 
ʥĸһ˳ãմۣҡ 
Цڴߣַķ˿ʵûģֻϰ˸ĸ衣 
㡪ΪʲôԼͻȻֱĸ۰ĸо 
⹫š㿪ĵؽܡ 
ʥĸ㵵̧ͷȴײűߵꯣ˵ͷʥĸȷǰԼĸĸ 
 
ʥĸʣڿƲס˵ĸ׵Ļ 
龰ȻعϷţһǿѹĵͻĴʹС첽סĿУǡ΢سһЦתʱ÷ڴһ̾ûһְȻģκһҪѧж 



ʮ û˻ͷ·

       ҹǱʱյС 
³³һжڲɿƵµ𽥵ر䣬Ҳ޾졣 
˫һѷֲˮǱʲô 
зţÿһȥЩʲôȥץȴʼֻһƬޡ 
ޣԭִţĳպղ޶֡ 
ЦܷЦҪ˰ĳգ˰ִȫעãһЦС 
ֱЦᣬֹͣ 
¡һ˲ǲҰ׵ϣȡ 
رŻеˣõܵˮʪ 
Ѿˣû𽥱һϣҲڷϨ 
죬Լ֪а취ùˣȴţ뺣 
ϵһƷ˿ٻʱϯڶ𣬡һûκˣҲͬ룬ԴӦұȥˣء뿪 
ֶŸûһ㣬Ǳ仹ǻȪҶ֣Զᣡ 
֣ʾļᶨ 
һϸ΢ĵһڲƵϣһգգضŻˣȴھҵĲľǡ 
ǹаֻͣһ˲Ľë΢زţǷһֻɵĺ 
ĽŵҪ 
ۣ峺ãЩʲôǶ˵ġ 
飿ŷɳ쳣 
תۣŲƣһ˫дɻȴ峺ס 
£ɳʱãȻתΪϲ֣ϲ㲵ƣҿĲƣ 
һһϧƾϲס֣̽ỽ 
ЦŵͷؿڲƵĻòŵҼˡ 
һ𣬡𣿡 
飬Ӧˡ̾Լҵ 
ߣһȴûֻŵˡ 
˵ϧʲô̾㱧߰ɣҲ⳾ 
ˣʲôҳޣļԶȥڵֻ밲 
===================== 
̹ʥ 
ѪԶԶعߣʥǱһƬѪɫУǰ̹ʥһҵĻζ󣬾ͱ 
̫ĵĵɫѪĿĺ죬û֪׷ʲôĳȴɽѹ˵ϡǧǰĻڼžʥϻһѪĺۼ쵴Ŀ 
ҲȥͥȴҲһָԸغѪɫϢರ 
ǰһŸߴص̨ 
ʥأϵĵط峤λߵĳ˭Ҳܽ룬峤Ҳÿ 
뵽оǱ˭޺޵һѡǧ׷棬ȴ֪ǣ 
뵽Щ꣬˶ٱǰһȴһޱĻס 
м峤鷳ͨһ 
ǻбһۣ峤λڱչأ˭Ҳš 
峤ˡ 
ǻƬ̣˼ĻмֿɿԡˣֻûöţҪǹ峤иʲôܵ𣿡 
ǻһ𣬡ţȥͨһǰҲҪ𵽴ܣ򡪡 
===================== 
̨ 
ŵվطһǳЦ 
ˣҲվһǰЦ峤ڳɹˡ 
ŵתɨһۣ׵գ 
һ߰ȻЦߣʱһ;ˡֻսƿء 
ϾֳЦʹѪĹһ졣 
ŵḧŲ輸ϵıӵλ϶̫ķͻȥϢ°ɡ 
һҲš 
ŵ֧ͷбϣȴ˱չǰָ 
üͷԾشؽĵ̾˿ôͲ׸һƬأ 
ԺԼչˣҲ֪ûҲ³ɹ˰ɣľ쳣ƽһпʼ˾ԶٻͷΨһľǵȴȴʱĴ 
һϥأ峤Ѿ 
ʲôŵü΢塣 
ɡ 
ǡ 
˳һʹ峤 
˵գһʾǻ¡ 
˳㡰ͨһڵϣ峤峤 
ŵһ𣬳ôˣ 
ŵôҴ¹ŵһĽˡ 
˵ŵȣɨһѽѹڵء 
ţ֧֧ؽ֪Ĵ˵һ顣 
ŵ۵ԽԽѿ˵꣬һƬࡣ 
űӵ֣һ¶ɱꯣٶɿʱѻΪУҲһ˿ 
ڹŵ۷ȥʱ󵨵ס 
ŵۻعͷΣյϢۡ 
ҵ֣һֻûٴιȥһ뵽иҧأӻóһöɫĽָɪŵϣǹҽ峤ġ˫һ㣬޵˵峤ھ֮ǰȿһö䡣 
ŵ۵ŭڿöһֵıǵöǵ̹ʥػûʱ͸ŮöٶȻصԼУȴһֻĸо 
Գӡ󣬾һļƻҲǳûԵʰɣŮ侹һԽĸĤ 
ֻսĴǵģǵõʱ䷺һ͵Ĺ⣬Ӳ÷ʹı 
ת첽ݡ 
ҲֻҧҧתɱȥϣԼüȹźáĺܲףΪʲôԸҲҪ峤 
ŵصϣл䣬صصڵϡ 
ǵѡΪʲô 
ۿʼһɬʹĸоۣ˿Ѳ߳ƵĹŵۣһʧȥŮĸס 
ѵøһ涼Ը 
ӣɫȻ 
·ԼѡģĻǣͱȥ˺ǰˡǵһΣҲһ㡣ְɡ 
ΪʲôΪʲôԼĶŮҲĿģôϧһлΪ˸һԵȣΪʲôǾ˵ضΪʲô 
ѵĴ 
ĴҪġҸҪʲô𣿲ûûŮĻٶڶ 
ڵϵʰḧţǶһĨ 
ԭһʧܵĸףԭڶŮ˵ĲְԭΪõһжùЩΪ˳ľͻ֡ǼƻԽٽʧȥľԽ࣬۰һ˫ŮҲѡȥĴ 
ԼһԼ 
ʱ͵͵ߣԼĳ˼С 
ͻȻ̧ͷ¶һǰδеȻƻѾȫ˭Ҳ޷ֹĲҡҡͷһЩһʼ˾ԶҲܻͷǲ룬ǲܣ 



ʮ ս

       ƣҰһʱҪͷµ޵ 
ʮһȴǽ°㣬εòԶĹҡҷ 
Ŀǰ»ǷֵĶУȴ·أֻпںɨС 
վڲǰ˫ڱš 
ĸѾһˣһȴ˺ܶܶҲ޷ƿص¡ 
ʮ³ˣҲСǻĵڶ졣 
緢ΰı仯һֱάϵźƽıŦ׵ĳϡŽӲľһʰڱ 
ϸСڿкḡðź 
ꯣһͻ꯻ع񣬽ӹһȲ衣 
ʮӢĵĻս֣ʬҰ 
ڴ𣿡ʣΣɥ 
ɳϵĵزһգգضŵӣɫҰףǰҺսûдģı򡣡 
˭֪ģֻһʱ⡣ڵѲǰˣǵԻ磬ѵĩ 
ŵز˫֣֪ĵǣıʹѾûˣҲȥ˵ظֻܵȴزشϢ 
꯽ĿӵĻƿͶڲ֪Զ 
ͬ˵͸ûˣԼʱ䣬Ѿȥ˴£ûϢ˵ȥˣЩġ 
Ų豭ֻսⳡսԸ̹йϵǵļƻˡ΢һֶսĿһ˳Ϊᢵġ 
һֱشˡ 
ǳ㣡ֻڴڵشɫΪִٶԵ΢졣 
üëԾ߹ȥæųıʲôҪôܣг𱸡 
ҡҡԽǼԽ˵ 
üͷ΢壬õòܲˣ͵͵ܻ˰ɣ 
ǵġ㼱⡣ 
Сӹwaiting bar ΪڻЩǮͱСھưӻҲܲˣ͵ΣСץ˵Ǹҷʹһ˺ҲûֹˡȻԼ˼ѵԼŮҲûο⺢ǸиѹѹˡҲͱֻ۱ֻˡ 
˵찮ؽ¡ôô 
˵꣬ѾһȿˮϣЦŽӹˮڳС 
̱ûʲôɫȴùңյĶЩ 
һȷسɫҲָ˺ 
̿ˮĸġ˶٣˵Ϣǽȥһˡ 
˼صͷ 
㳯ʵ˾ˣأ 
һû˵ֻǿŴ⡣ 
̾˿˵ڡ۳ڣյɨɨ 
ͷҧСʲô 
վӷŵ輸ϣΪҪȥ̽ĸף˭֪ȴ˵Ҹûȥˣ⹫ţ˾ˣĸˡ 
㣬˲ȥ𣿡ڳŶʱ꯺ס 
عͷ˽յһۣЦ˾תˣͬǰһֻڻϣҲ߳˵գһתŶȥ 
㳤ˣʼˡزο 
ǰСа취̽ͷڵزļϡ 
زڵɤӣ͵ӿءɫΣȴûнƿ 
ںɷ￿˿ȻصʲôǵĶӾ͸ϰߡǰɣ꯶ 
ŰĶӣزЦظ̵ĳѽŮô󣬻Ǹǰһ䣬˵ĳ硣 
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ҹ𽥰Ƶĵƻд 
ưڵƻͨȴ侲쳣 
أ컷ܣʡ 
ϳȥˡСߵ̨ǰùһƿ 
ϳȥˣ 
ѲһҪǣڵǮɲС᲻ΪȻü 
ЦŽӿڣİɣСѾһ׷ӣ첻Ӫҵͷһ١ 
ˣ꯿żɽʡ 
СοΪÿ˵һƣŵ㵽̹Ϯ 
Ȼ 
ˣ𣿡¥仰æǵʡ 
СὫߣͷİɣ㸴岻µġ 
Ǿͺá˿ 
ʱҲˣͬСкһԵ¡ 
ӽСţ֪ʵԼһ£¸ᡪ 
ЩǲǸøˣͻȻ˫Ŀؿŵز̡ 
ꯡѵʲô㲻ɣһȴҲװһ΢ֵı顣û¸Ҫô 
𣿡꯲εۡ 
Ȼ̼Ϊڵصͷ 
ز̾Ȼˣǡ 
˵̻ҵش˵ز 
ƶѵ㵽ڻѣ 
ҡǺܲԸȴҲӡ 
زһɻİ㣬һֵ꯶ǵ׹˭ɣ 
ѵǡȻ 
زͷȴǣһĨεĿɬ 
ǻһе˼ϣܸı꯶վŤתˣԼ; 
˿̶ͬһۺ󣬿ڵƫ˽Ľ꯶Ԫĵ֮ġûнǸԭ˵ֻؿһۣҵ꯲ûʣ˼ʲô 
ˣҲ˿ҲƸղǰ㽩Ӳ 
˰꯶Ԫʼգ꯶ԪһЩȱݣұû壬ԲԪ񡣡 
Ǿ˵ǲǶתСʡ 
ǵģǾ꯶ֻû˼ 
쿴ĵȴӿһĨϲԭͬһˣ뵽Լ 
ǵԸôͬСֹ 
زҲֻ֮һЦûлش 
ϧؿ꯵꯶һúӣֻǡ˵ţҲˡ 
ʹ 
ҡҡͷοЦЦ 
ز˵ҲһΣҵ֪̹ı 
˶ȳ 
ô᣿ 
زɬЦΪһǣңҲòϷ 
ʲôС᲻ŵصŵز 
СᣬӶԲһƭǡ 
ס˷ŭСᣬһЦ 
СᣬʵϵѪ˵Ѫ 
СʵҲ̹ѪǲܸʬѪͻģѵزһ˵Ǿȡ 
ǵҵ𣿡ڼ˶ͷ󣬵ҵʵǷǰİ˲Ļһֱ̾ڷʥϣ1997Ҳֹ̹壬ֻǺĳԭ򲻵ò˳ԾĨǵʱļ䡣 
˵ǧǰ;ħ֮սƷС 
ز̾˿ûб⣬ֻǽŽ 
ǴΣҷ̹ı󣬱ȥ棬֪ԭѾ֪ˡһԼһξѪһ壬Եֿ̹˼Ľʬֱ1997̹꣬޺ǣ˰еķ档ɴԹȪǵĿһֱǵȪȪΪ񼴽ٵĺƽ١Ҳ㵽˽Ҫٵĺƽ٣ûм֣Ǽɽеغƽٵ٣ǻʧˡ 
ƽʲôһߵĳ̲סСʡ 
ز˱ۣص˵ٵ𣡡 



ڶʮ Ź

       һף˵ϡ 
ǲҪ 
ûٵ𣬳Ľʬȫʧ 
ʲôֹ 
زصҡͷûСɫҰҹ۲죬ѾǹŵԼҲֹˡ Ϊ˱̹˲ϧ̹ʥΪ 
ز˵ûѾûκֹˡһŮ롣 
عͷһŮھưڣͬʱҳӣǸ 
쾪 
Ů΢Цŵͷ㣬 
һߣͬ꯵˴к󣬱㾶ֱһԵϡ 
վҲʼ 
ӣС㡣 ˵ӵĻرһֻһƬȻ 
ӰظŸͷ˾ǧﻯһỽ 
С״ȦҲЩˣʮˣͿް 
С㡪 
ˣɡСὫ£ְȥ۽ǵˮ 
Ź£תͷСнӹƿĽ 
ΪԼһ󣬿ǰıѿգ㽫ƿݳһ١ 
ûȥӣֻǿνջ֣ƿϣŵ¡Ŵͳһ飬ǱһԼ 
ʲôһԵĳ㣬شչȥȴĿһᣬæ˻ȥ 
ĩյļء˵ 
ĩգͻȻ뵽زղ˵Ǹƽ٣ɵһ 
ôûСʣѾë֪ͨˣôᵽڻû 
ɫȻʥĸأѶΪ˾ǣǸ˵ 
СظŸͷ 
һֽб˵塣˸ϸŵĳ죬ʱһֹ̾ˡ 
ֻǿٵ̧ͷͷ־СǲûʲôֻֻžȴŰס 
𱭣ҡžƣڵƹѪĿ 
ʥĸʱ˾ڸΪʲôûΪʲôûиϾɱѵ˵ǹŹԼֻʲôĿǣ 
оͷҪըѰ㣬ͷһһ 
ʱѽ꣬ɫͳĿǱһʲôס 
꯶Σ̵ǵʡ 
ûлشֻǽĿƵϡ 
һǵĿһֱ顣Ծ̿ˮڵҵ峤 
-------------------------------ĵķֽ------------------------ 
ԭ徹̹һ֧ 
ǧǰ̹˱ƻͬԹħΪ֮ĽʬĵҲǵʱϦϡ޳ɱ𣬵ԹħվƵֹѷ̹һ壿 
ۿͬԹħڱУϦһҧһЩԸͬԹħˡ̹̣򿪽練·ȥ 
̣Сó̹̣֪о˵ȴû뵽Գ忪ĴĽ硣 
Сϵһۣǲ̡̹ԳһеΡ˶٣ŵȴֻһΣһʩߵΪĸΪˣԼ̹˲һֱ̨̲ڣʱʱ֮򿪽硣 
˵Ĵ򿪾Ů洣أǺ·ӡҲ˼ 
һסֱ꣬һ죬̹ƾԼ忪磬ҵ˵·̹ˡҲǴ˵е塣 
֪ڽӣżϽ̹ıĩյʽ¼ϣҲһҹ䣬ֻʣһˡҪɱÿ˵ֻڹ¶ 
̫̽ͷӾ̧ 
꯵ͷ彫ʼշΪֱ̫ͣκƽ٣ĸƽѾȥһ̫Ǻˮƽ٣⵽ˮĺƽ١ڶ̫Ƿߺƽ٣ϵĽﱻߴ١ 
̫ǻƽ٣콵֮ĸ̫ǵƽ٣ǿҵֻ̫ĩգ̫٣̫ʧؾҡΣ𣬵᳹׻𣬰һһ꣬ΪǶһʮ¶ʮա 
̹ıʲô 
20121222գ̫Եʱʱ򣬶̹ļƻǣڴ˿̵ڴʱѡؼĽʬѲκε󡣡 
̫ˣ֪˭һ 
ûз磬ȴоһֳǵ䡣ưڣֻпյشŴ 
ͻȻڳһӣɫĳۣͷϽڡϣдŴҡ 
Ľ㡣Ľ㡣 
ع񣬡ôˣʲôˣ 
ӲǱˣǰĵܵܣ 
Ҳûϵڻôˣһ㡣ܿعˡ֪£֪ΨһһŻ顣 
£Ǳʲôݺݴһ£æץס֣ܵܵʲôˣĸأ𣿡ŷɳơ 
վˡվŰ΢˫磬Ĳµġ 
ˮѾ˺ɫϺ˺ܶ࣬ĸҲ֧Ųסˡ˵˵ţ᲻Ծػ 
һҲƲסҪȥȴ꯸һѱס 
侲 ȥҲﲻʲôæǻ취 
꯵ĻǵǰȥʱֻˮڣûʲôԭԭǸĸһֱ 
ǲǻȫʧˣͻȻʵ 
ѵа취Լǻ飿æϲزᣬа취оһǱ¡ΪԼ罫ˣԭظ˫֣ԼůĻУϤϢΧԼ 
ͷ 
 
 



ڶʮһ 

       ǿ߰ɡԼͳſڿȥ 
ﲢûƲֻǳЦͿˡ 
⣿һʱûзӦ 
ͷ⼸겻ܽ˶֮𣿡 
˵쾪ȵۡ 
ûɨˣ֮ѱ̹һˡԷӡĻƱػᾪŵۣԡ˵ţһɫ ѩȻϢؽ붫֮ 
²˳٣ǿʼɡ 
áͷ 
ڶѩʱһֱڳ˼еĽͻȻȵȣ 
ôˣﶼعͷɻؿ 
ܸое㲻Ծֵ˵ͷüǻ̹ļơ 
Ｅ齩ʬ˵ԽʬûʲôøУοǽʬ 
˵ûزһ٣ǣǲҵԴ飬Թͻֱʹά֮ȫ򿪡˶١ŵʱ򣬺ֽ֮˼䣬صǣԹ̫֮ܣؽΪһħ硣Ǳѡ񣡡 
ưɣͻȻص˼įĺڶѸٵɢÿһ䡣 
ʼɡ꯿信˿ֻǵ˫Ŀȴ̵ʹ 
ʱš۵һƿ 
϶꣬ǿӲȵÿյɢҲ˺Щ롣 
ٶȱϣ˲˼飬һһϾڵʯ䡣 
ûü壬ͼӰǰ³ۣɫݣʧ϶ӡ 
϶㡱˵ػһ 
϶Цų˵ͷ㽫Ŀ˵ϣ̹ѳˡ 
ҵ̧ͷʶһԵӿȥ۵ļ磬ɫǣûˣдӸСڣ£ 
ӵĻŸá顱һ죬ǽһƬص䡣 
꯷ɿؽ󣬺һӣĲƬ 
ʱСᣬӣҲضһƬҹա 
ߣ ꯺˻ڴеһۣȡ 
һæعʼʩ 
عͷ¶һЦİɣһ㶨ġ 
꯻صͷʱһУ֪Ǳѩûʱյ 
ڽ˶ʱյȴתһɲƳ˴һԵ϶΢Ƭ̣ӣҲȥɡ 
϶͵סˣһʱ֪Ǹǰǡ״ֽ϶һʧ 
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ʥĸôҲк𣿡Ц 
һˬʵĴЦĲǽǰѳһŮ 
һɨһۺЦþò 
ߡСһħѽ֣ƹ˸Ĺ⡣ 
мŮӣһϮīͫںŨҵɱһ˦߿򡪡ĿСɨ 
δ䣬ŮһĳȹԶȥһ˰ŭŵɳ 
ͻȻһ֧֧¶Ƥڣһϸ΢Ĳ 
ҹҲǡ 
īĻֻԶƲƵĵƹ⻹ͬڰš 
˭˭һأСᵲģ̲ס˳ 
ġСɫ䣬ͺȡ 
ŮһֱûİӣɫȻǴһűߡĳ΢һתͷλأϻô֣ϣѷϮ 
С巴ԵؽĻضˡӣڷɿضһۺ󣬷ӭȥ 
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ŲŸأͳڳȥ㡣ֹȴȻѱһ˳ 
ң԰ǿԿڵĽ磬 
æǰסҪȴڿеڲ̡ذȥߵĲᣬ 
֪ĽǡѵվҪʧȥ𣿺ʹȥɽȴ˸㡣 
ڽӴеʹһǱʲôҧһڣʹ޷ 
ꯣԲۣĽëڸסһˮ 
̾һͷԼĿڡɵѾͷ 
Զ϶𾲾ؿһˣȻش¡Լ˿̵飬ĽˣǱʲô 
زο§̵˫磬̾˿ 
ѩһѻûΪһ侧ӨĻ 
⣿ȵۡ 
΢΢һЦ붴СɲǼ䣬ʹ磬ܿ죬һʧ٣Ǵûзʲô 
Խȥˡһٲȥ 
һϲҲǰ 
һƬһס 
㿴顱һ˶˹ȥ 
ǿźĻ飬һƬšѵ 
ǰһϸһѾһŷˡ 
˴󾪣ǰŷֻһͨĲˡ 
ά֮Ѵˣ֮־Ҫ˼ˡ ز̾ 
Ϊʲô޷ڵĻʡ 
ڶ˷ûһ󣬵̹ע˽ʬѪǽԭ򡪡 
콫ʬѪ 
ûõģʬѪһԶҲܳóز 
ܽԭæʡ 
ѪֻбѪܽڵĽʬѪѹ£ָ 
ʲôǱѪ 
Ѫ̹һֽʬڼ֮ɣһҪʳѪȻɨһۣڱ˵ǱѪͨĽʬѪҲûСȻؽĿͶԶңһӹʧʱѰñѪҲ޲ 



ڶʮ ϶

       ž޾ļžˮһӿ 
϶΢ҧ´ʲôشľģǰһ԰ɡ 
ȴ飬׷׽Ŀ϶ϣɻ̽ 
㣿ʡ 
϶һۣѵص˵ͷΪԶû뵽ԾǶ㲻 
ô£⡣ 
˼Ƭ̣ʣ϶Ҳ̹ˣ 
һĿⶼ৵ؼ£һ̵϶ֽűر˫ī˫֡ 
϶㡱츲֣ǵʡ 
϶һˣ̧ܻͷѽĿƿɫ˲²͸Щʲô 
ûҾ˵ıѪǶȵۣ϶̾ 
ôܣ첻ŵץס϶֡ 
϶˶٣㽫ִӰгĿԶ 
ǶΪ͵Եҩ¹ġĿ죬ʵһಢûдκεҩǴһˡ˿ʹر˱ۣĸûиҩһˡѣ˳ĸӺңðΣո˻ 
أʣû뵽϶˵һࡣ 
϶˸һۣŵҼѪʱɵˡֻ֪ޣһƬհףôĸ߲ʣںǰȴһѪܵʵ˵Ҳ̲סڻָ˵ʱһˣ˵Լ̹ˣԾȻ࣬ǣұΪ̹ˣһҪסڹ㺮 
ΪʲôҪôĿʲôأվһĳ߹ɻ 
̧ۣгһĨֵο㿴ڳɳˣҲǷˡ 
زЦЦߵǰظͷ̹Ӳ£ͬҲӲûüֵˡ 
ۣȻΪս¿ƲסԾ϶ĸǣƣ 
϶΢ԭ̹Ҳǣ𣿿ΪʲôȴôĲʵһ˫ůס̧ͷ˫峺еǣᣬǿ޷ˡ 
ǿǣָϰ֣ĿƮǰ治ԶҵĻ顣ĵÿĺԵЦˣȴһǰδеɡ 
Ũü΢أȻֻǺܶݵһ£ȴҲһֱעİСһЩȻشۡһ𡣲ҲҪ뿪Ҫһڽ˺źҲֻóϸ㣬ûһ 
ô򵥡 ꯵䵭ڸǲۡ 
˼Ƭ̣ѵ 
Ц³ļ磬߿ˡ 
ɫ䣬ؿһԵĵز⹫𣿡 
ز˵ͷ 
㲻ţҪǵļƣѵ֪ɽлƫɽ 
زЦǻѡ𣿡 
ǵģûСʹԼҲԾֻǰһ̨ݣǻǻȥ޷ˡΪҪӣΨһİ취ԼΪĽݡ 
ǡǡ㾪ֵغˣꯣİšݣ 
꯸оǱʲôݺݵسһޣһǿؽĿת⣬ȴˮӯ 
ֳ㣬κһ˶д˷Ӧĸ׿ҲɣġĿһһʹԾü塣 
ꯡ첻֪ʱߣ֣ʵЦ 
꯸мؽӵ뻳У૵ɵѾͷʵЦպ󣬼įİֺγù˫ۣѶͨÿһЦģĺҶ㣬ֱԶ 
ǸӦ꯵˵ͷ 
˵ʲôΪʲô̲סʡ 
û˴𻰣ھЩ¡ 
ʼɡ϶𵭵һ׻˵ġ 
꯵˵ͷŰ˹ҪԵվҪȥԣǧʱ䲢ܼʲôֻԽԽ֡ 
ɨһۣͷߵ϶ǰ֪㽫ҪԵĺ 
϶ͷ 
ŵɹ㽫ѹƽʬѪɹ㽫һʼ· 
϶ɵͷֻжһĨǿһֱΪԼǽʬڻȻΪ̹һ壬Ϊ̹İšģȴʱż尾ּ尾Թĸĺޡתϳһ֧Լļ䣬޷ѡȴ֪Լֻһöӣһö޷ƿԼ˵ӣǰǣҲǡ 
Уס϶ĸֻ֪̹ļƣȴǡ 
㡱϶ͷЦЦܶʱǱȻģκεĳɹҪ㸶ӦǼĴۡԶնȴСתͷʼɡ֪꯲װôһ˶ԸߡԭҲ˿ǰᣬЦˡ鶯ƽ塣 
϶𻺻֣꯵ҽнࡣ̯֣һѩ㾧ӨĽУͣһӣ˵ҵĴ𰸡ĿԽꯣξ 
꯽ӹУͷ֪϶Ѿģֻĳأֱĵĵײ㡣ˣղڴʧŸӽŰ졣о콫ͷļϡ 
һȣ˫һʱҲſ˰죬һԲĭ򣬻ȥ 
϶ؿ۴ĿⶨƮԶԼģȴһл䣬һѱһɫĹ⣬ĭ 
Ϲĭһ˲ĭѸٵرСһС򣬷ɿ 
ȥϹ⿪ʼһ˫˫۶һգգضŷ΢Ϲǹһֻͣһ˲ϹԽԽѸŻҰܿ죬ϹơеĶһһ϶ɹˡϲûûвͱٵıʹûˡ 
Ϲɾγһɫ·ϡ 
ͬʱںϼ縡Ϸҫ۵ĺ⣬ǳŵĻҲ˷ܵ˸һ£㻯ΪС 
ϲõĴֻĿĺ죬ȴŨصѹ֡ 



ڶʮ 컯Ϊ

       Ѿָˣ֪ǸԼ뿪ʱˡһɬ۷ɿشһ£̧Ⱥˣõعһȣˡᣬȴúһŵս 
쿴΢ĽŵȭͷĴָۡ׺ݺݵشģһʹؾѣٶ̧ʱѿκ۳ĺۼ 
ꯡỽһЦʵչ֣ɪȴأ 
͵һ羯Ѻ΢΢鶯£ָܿӵסþȫ 
ҲĬؿţⱯʹķΧ޿԰Ρ 
һ꯻ƿֱţҪ㡣һᣬҲƲסص䡣һ̣ŨҵʹϧذȥߵᣬȴǴһӿȪøס 
꯲֪ӣ조ͨһЦˣ꯵ĻУԵؽȫɾϡˣؿꯣһֻ͵ȵè 
εƳ۰ವ䣬оưһϸҧ 
£Цתʼɡ 
һĨʹϢڶ𣬺ܿձÿ䡣 
ûбİ취̲סɷ֣ʡ֪Īĸظо꯶ѹֵĲۡΪʲôӾͲʴЩΪʲôҪһһεؽԨȣ 
زս̵֣صҡͷΨһİ취 
ĵ˵ͷߵûߣɨǷʲôܿ죬ԭȷûĵطһƺ⣬ԽԽǿͬɢĺӳյǱ̫ǹڷɢһΧͻȻһһǿĺߣೣʹõĺߣֻΪѣĿΪǿӲ 
գۣǹʹ˰ϣͬϵĺڳһ塣ԽԽԽԽ࣬Ҫ˶͸ǡ 
鲻Խǰһ 
عͷЦؿȴˮƯ 
Ľ㣡ԽһֱĬİҪץס㣬ȴôҲšһֱ֪ô£˵Ҳһ֧⡣ֱǺ⽫ΧסҪߣ͵ؾѣѵǻ飿Ǻȥס 
˵ܣ㳤ˣҪúչ˸ĸĿԶĸТ޷̷ϣԲ𡣡Ų֪Զﺰš뵽Լɻ󣬶ָĸҲûΣˡţ΢̣һЦ 
ȫסѾ˵ʲôڸ˵ܵһοЦ󣬱ɿؽĿƵ꯵ϣ뽫̡ 
סߣԽԽŨкƼǰһҪץסʲô壬һƬڰʶҲ硣 
Ľ㣡ʹشУҪǰȴһԵĳס⻯һŻ飬ڿлһȦ󣬼һ 
꯱֣ܵҪץסȴֻƬơʱȵϡֻ̯ʹر˱ۣվʲôץס𣿻ҸˮеӰȴʵ 
꯶̵ǵظŶӵı 
̧ۣ¶һЦû¡ȥظϣḧŰ˳㷢˫Ŀ纣ˮᡣҲǸӦİƤ˸š 
ڻһɲǣز̣㣬ойǿҪƼ˴ԼһӣҲ̣ǾͶоѣȫҲһҵĸо 
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һ˿ɫݺݵؽڵҹ˺÷顣 
˽·磬ۿҪСķħ¡ͻȻʥĸ˷ɿضһֿۡС˵ķȫջأϣתͷ뷢˲䣬һǿ͵سһԵϮȥ 
СôҲûϵǾ᲻Լתһ˳սҵġҪֹȴѾˣֻؿţܶһ١ 
ʶǵѳ㣬˼ܵһȴ̫ǿһסǹʱʶȥ 
顱һ޴᳹ʡĵˣʥĸҲͬʱȥֻǵȴһĨóѵЦ 
С˶סˣŷħ΢΢˲һ󶴡 
Էɿٶȱȥס˵µŮᣬвģġеؽлȴ˯˰㣬ûκεķӦ 
Сһ㣬ŮţֶɬظŮ۵ỽġġ 
ĵϣκ˵ĺۼһ˵ĺӣС 
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