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       һ ǺãǰҲ˵ңȻҲ˴û˵֡ 
ϾѾܾûгڰ´½ˡ 
棬ҵĹ¡һһսʿ֮Ĺ¡ 
һֱһĺʧܡû취顣˱ҪȻҪӡͬʱĹʿ֮УҲеʵѡGSDǸϹͻıǿˡȻҲ˱ǮԼ۾ŪϹˡ׻˵һָһջһ㶼١㿴˼84Ĵ󰵺죬ÿǽɹɹ̫һȺĹʿΧд˾ͳݡңȻ˵22꣬Ҳֻ80ңûʲô 
ʵѡȥһһ 
Ȼ޷ѡԼˡ 
һҸļͥһĸ׺һ衣һһɰáһڱ˵Ѿ 
13յһ죬һжıˡ 
ǵҺܸˣ͸ҵһոµؽһкӶΪ֮Ķڸĸһ˵֮ҺȻе㲻ĸΪǳԵ̫ҭˣһطȥϢ 
ڴϣͷģӶȣҰȴƵʹԽԽǿңշתࡣҽ֮󣬼򵥵һ£˵ҿˣҷһҩҩ£˯ˡ 
֮ܶҲ֪ǲķա 
ǿۺ֢ 
Ҳ֪Լ˯˶ãֻ֪۾ʱѾҹ 
ҵļѾһƬ棬ҲԶĵطǰְòȱʬ塣ҵϽѪֵƤаϺɫŤ 
ǰѸ͸ҵĽ֮УǺĸɺԵѪ 
һҹϡ 
˺֪֮ܶڣҶ䲻֮󶼷ʲô顣˵˾˾޴ʹ֮Ϊ˱Լ飬ͷԻǿнμĨ룬ҲǷϵ顣 
ҵļǴſʼġ 
ҼǵһСľľú̵ֺܴܼľͷɵģֻŻ߹ţվ 
ҵصһʶ϶˹ϵķġһ˨ҵȽϣӵһǡ 
ľµƺһϡһ񷫲ҿͷ 
Ҿúܺ£ܿʡ 
֪˶ãľĵͣˡķ룬Ҳŷ֣ﲻֻһˡľһ䣬ҲһСкֺһŴֱµʱ̧ͷңһӣɫͷɫͫסҲ 
˭ 
ȫʶʳ⡣óҲʶػشҡ 
ҽᰡ 
ڽʱǱ׳ߴ˴ϵժ£ϵȴһֱšǰһƬïܵɭ֡˴Һһ᫵ּС·ŹһСʱҿӡ 
Ӵװεʥƺһ޵Ժߴ󣬵ȴɢһֵׯϺ¡ȫͬҴǰκ޵ԺáⷿûҰɫʯͷɣݶȻ֪ڣҵļУӶǺɫġ 
һ·ڿ־壬Һᰶû˵ǵҲһԲʱȫһ13к̬ߵһСҲ˵ȫûԼʶ뷨ƾΧһвԼˡ 
һϵĴ۵Ů˰޵Ժʳɾ·ˮ 
ȻǣǵҪӴ˸ıˡ 
ֱ룬ֻҪֵ磬ͻϣõΡ˵ĺӣɳȥʥְǸոձʱͷǡֻҪƣȬϣֻʧȥĶҲܻˡ 
ҵİְ֣ҵҵãҵļңجΰһ졣Ҽǵҿ޵úҲǡ 
޵ԺƵӿʼˡŮÿΪζĲҩǵֱۡʥְѾǹеа 
֮ʮꡣ 
ҵֱѾȫˡڰǰѾѾ˺ܺõѡ 
ֹһʱ䣬ᰵһҾĵڶκѵķ롣һηҿֵ졣ʱҺģǲһκѷ롣 
ҲˡΪѾףϣһԶǹ¶ġжˣжѣжٻ飬ĿѺͱˣԼԿ 
ȥںնҡûбˣֻ޵Ժֹһ꣬18յĵ죬ҷԼҳ϶Կħ壬Աʧȥ䰮һС 
ҳһϰʥְߡ 
ÿǶʱ⣬Ǹпϡ 
Ϊϰʥְ֮Ůҽеôδй鿴ҡŮûֱҽ֪˵ĻһҪ 
Ѿʹӣҿ԰һܸˡ 
Ů֪ʲôأҵŹȻҸеһᣬССķ俪ʼ³ȥǰӲ֪޵Ժ滹бĵطء 
һܣ޵Ժǲ֪ġڰܸ㣬ϣԶܡ 
ǵģŮģؽҵܡ 
ͣһδ򿪡߹һʪȣһȺضʴǰͣ¡ŮóһѹϵԿ״ţŴ̶һССʯͷǰ 
ﳱأǺܸɾǽϵıл⣬ҿһһŴľһš 
˭ʵ 
ŮңһʴǷʱѾ̫ˡ 
ǽϵһͷɫĳɢļϣɫһ˫ɫ۾˲䣬Ҹеҵһ¡ 
ôˡ 
ҵһο¬ 
¬һ顣 
Ůң¬Сһֵ꣬ʱ򣬿޼ȫʴ塣޵ԺһʥְߵŰƷʱƣ޵аѹסȻʱܻᱬΣյŮѺڵص׵ʯ֮Сûзκ 
ŮĻҵ۾ȴһֱ¬¬ҲڴϣĿתҶ 
Ŀƽ¶ 
˺ܾãҲ˵ 
ܲƽ 
Ů̾һң¬Ըġ 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊ¬ȻӹҵĻҪɳһЩһֵͳ 
ΪҲ˺κˡ 
Ըⰵյĵ£ҲκΪҶܵ˺ 
û˵Ҳ֪˵Щʲôֻ֪һ˲ѾΪԼĽһĿꡣҪΪһʥְߣԿޣԿһа񣬾κܺңᰣ¬һҵˡ 
ʵҵĿ꣬ȫͬķ 
ֶһÿΪ¬ȥάʳǺٽ̸֪Ѿһĸ顣 
ǰء 
޵ԺġżбʴĺӱֻһϰʥְߣûΪħֻʥְʩʱ֡ӾһһĹȥֱ22ĳ＾硣 
޵ԺԺ񡣺Ȼ޵ԺԺű˺ֱܴ˿һߴ󡢽׳˴߽ķϳһʥְߣʵǸһǿ 
һŴֲڶŨܵĺ룬ִֵüëбޣ׶ıϣһˣƺˣѪ˳ļͷ 
˭սеĸͷʡ 
ŮҪ飡˴еɤ֮Ҷֱ졣һͷŮѾˡôɤţҲѡ 
ӣŮƺܾȡ 
šŮ㻹֪ôвӵʥְһ˵һѿڼϵǸ˷Ǹʮҵˣͷϡ裬ı뺷۾ 
۾һƤˡֵıԵ¶˰̡ 
Ǹäô 
ںǺܼ١ؿһµ˿ڣһֱ쵽Ҳ߹¡˿ƤƺѪͣӿʥְ̿ʼʩȣŮ˵ 
ɵţȥһͰˮҪɴͲҩ 
ҴҴܽҴҩˮʱ˵ѪѾֹסˡвӵʥְ˳ֽӹˮͰȺһڣŰˮŮϴߵ˿ڡ 
ɭˡţͷ˲Ȼɧңܶţͷ˶ʼţͷˡҸŻţ·ϿһýżָָϵϹӡΪ˱粼ֶһȺţͷսȻȺţԼҲ˵Ĳᡣ 
ҶȥŮ߰˿ڣʱע⵽ϹһѾĶ̽ĻϿĸ 
GSD 
ä˻¶մѪڰǰ˿ںҺŮʼϴӡȻҵ͵͵ľһ 
ϵѪϴȥҿŤۣڵָףƤѪܡ 
ԶҲʲô 
֣ 
Ȼ϶Ŵֱֻǲֱ۵ѾˣҲûһʼͷ֡񴥵һӵڵϡ 
ΪѾجΣָԺУ·ŷ顭 
Ѫʹ࣬䣬ƣŭˣޣ񣬺ڰ 
һҹϡ 
ҹڵϣڴڵŻţһ˫Ĵְҵļϡ̧ͷ˲ӵ 
ʹ࣬Ҳ˵д̲ݵζңŵǸҲһ޿ʴǵ壬ǲҪʴ顣 
ӽǰĿͬʯҺȻеƽͷ 
ġˣʲô֣ 
ҽа 
ǲӡҲ޵ԺʥְߡֻҺٻ 
ʲôС١ס˿10ˣǵһμðɡ 
Ůϸؿä˵Ĺ֣ 
äۣ֣ѵˣһ𡭡Ϊʲô޻ֵط 
ʱä˵ĺ﷢һصĴϢţ 
ƺҪŮᰴסļ 
ǰ˲ᣬ𶯣˿ڻѿġ 
ä˿˵ˡ˻ƶǣǵȻ㡣 
޵ԺԺʲô֣ǡ 
һޡ˳һ£Ȼ˵ҺǰͷԼ֡ԽҡGSDͺˡ 
ޣųһ׷ǿ䣬УҲĹʿ𡭡ŮȻתͷ˲һۡ 
ҹ֮ѾָһЩԪGSDǡ;֮Уз˲֪ιʳ⸽ǵı˷ҩͶţͷ˴ˮ֮Уôӻȡţͷ˲ഫıGSDͼ֯ˣȴΪäڵθӵĴʧȥǵټڶһ磬Ȼдţͷɭɱ¾ 
еһЩţͷˣǸոɱһ粼ִ䡣޷֮ҵǲ 
ϢɡŮ˵GSDҡҡͷҵҲᱻġ 
ŮĬһᣬȻ˵ 
ǡ 
⣬˵ 
ѾȫˡһʲôҪŲߡ 
еĸеŮƺʲô֮һֲײĲҲ˽Ů˵Ҳûõġֻǵͷ 
ڶ峿ҵĵȻˡ 
һʼֻţͷ˳޵ԺΧǽΧȻԽԽţͷ˳ˡЩµľޣߴӵôߣСҲҸ߳һͷǳĬؾۼţֻõصĴϢͼӲ̤ڴϵ 
Ҹе־ǵ۾ 
նֻѪĿ 
˿Ҫʱ޵ԺţͷѾۼ˽ͷҲ֪޵Ժ﾿ʲôЩµֻǸе¡ 
ʥְҲܽţֻŮ򶨡ȴ˫ʵҲ΢΢ 
𣿡ңû˵ͷ 
Ҳ¡˵ҪѧԼĿ־壬ѧӿ־ 
ֵͷʵҸûȥĻʱȫͷţͷɢֳŵɱˡҺʱ˲ӵĻܹӿ־һĻ 
ϧ˵һдûС 
Ůҵ֡һعͷŮ΢Ц 
ס˵Ļ 
ĻˣΧǽ֮ţͷǺȻʼͬʱһʼֻǵͳĺܿͻϳһƬëȻˡ죬ܵͳȴ·ǴӴġ϶䣬۾ֵͳȻ͸Ƥ͹͸ѪҺͼ⣬֮С 
Ŀɿڴվڴǰͷţͷ޵ͷͳ̵ĴţҼûصŰʱţͷ˾еΧǽһʯͷΧǽں߽֮⣬һƬǡëƤ⡢͸ͷĳˮӿ·ǵءҴؿǰһУߡͷû 
޵ԺӵűΧǽӲһһͷţͷһȭͰľ顣ʮͷսţͷͳһͷƤëǳɫţͷˣڽǹŰĭǿˮ˫ĿѪ죬Ÿͷ 
ƴشԼ˵ӣҵ˫ȴͬ˸һʯͷذϡؾ޸ͷ߸߾ҼԿ岼ڵĸϵÿһϸڣȳȵĺҵϣҴؿ⼴ȡһͷ£ֱŮӲһײ 
ԶҲһ˲䡣 
صľ޸Ů紦ȥͣٵһֱʺѪͬڵı£ҿŮҵûʹ࣬ûоţûп־壬ֻдȰ͵ǡҵϣϣ˫ɺȵѪ꣬һ˲䣬ҿŮ촽һ¡ѾٷˣȴĻ 
Ժĵ·ҪԼȥˡ 
ŮȥԼѪ֮Уһ㶵ؿǰһСţͷһλͷ˹ǲӣҷͷϵĲѾܸˡ 
һŭֵֻһѾ޴ͼڣ͵һսţͷ˵ĸͷҿһȭݺݵţͷ˵ıϡͬʱţͷҲ߳ 
ҵԴһƬհס 
Ůˡ 
Ůˡ 
֮ǰҹ 
쵰ܣ 
ӴصĴϢŭȣеһֻĴֽץסҵļͷ̴ֲִֵָֻͬҼͷļ⡣ 
Ϊʲôȫоʹ࡭ 
ڻʱֻŻˡĿ־ԭʼĿ־壬ܹܡ 
ڲͼҵʱţͷ˵ĸͷҲӵǿһǸͷǻϻһܳ˿ڡѪҲҵϣŮѪһ𣬻գǡңǸڵʹޱȵܵңԾɵɵվš 
ţͷΧ 
ǺܾԺ׵ġʱֻеһХͷţͷ϶ʱǿķѹ˿ڣһͷɿﴵ÷˸ţһ̶Х֪ΪΣ΢һ㡣ŤͷҿһվڲԶĵطһѶ̽ǰ׵ıƬѪܣƯ΢΢طĿӡ 
GSD 
˷·ȼգ޷ӵа⣬ֻǿһۣҾ͸еɣȫƤ 
һ˲ʲôɱ⡣ 
еĶ̽Ŀ·ֹͣ޵ԺɱţͷǷ·Ҳµɱ壬һʱͣеĸͷ 
ţGSDһͺȣŶ̽£һۿɼʵʵľ޴ǰ 
һУֻΪ׷ǿ 
Ҹ˴ۣҵõĻر 
˿ɵ 
аն 
׵һͷȫţͷޣͼеĸͷ赲ȾѪľ޸׳ʵͬеѹӢһֱ֮ɱͷ޺ǵٶȺ˿ûмХĿɿڴţͷȺСûһҽһз̫죬ʧʱѾʮͷţͷʬ͵ء 
ӣߣ 
Ӳɷ˵һѽҿڼϣҵ˿ڣѪҵ̹ȡŤͷGSDٴξǰѶ̽ƯߵķĿӡȻ뽣ͬմ¯ȡһȵĹâŶ̽һӡһž޴ĹâӽϷɳ͸ղǵͬŰ׹ɵúǲ赲ţͷŹ⣬̲ҽƤѣѪ糺ɢţͷ˶־ؿŹâɢ׹ƮƵǽǰʱȻ˺ͳýϽĸţͷڵءǽҲըһȱڡӿңϵţͷʬ壬ǵȱг˳ȥ 
ҴӲӼԻͷţͷҪ׷ǣȴȻʲôӱסһ󵹷ɹȥ 
GSDһ 
˫ 
Ҹе·һ£ǲûѾԽļޡ 
޵Ժ߽⡣ 
ҿһСסʮ޵ԺҵļңҿҵļһΪоȻûһ㱯ˡ 
ֻľȾ֮ľ 
ֲ֧ܳסһӵڵϣҴˤڳ֮У۴ؿա 
Ůˡ 
޵ԺҲûˡ 
ת˲֮䣬ʧȥһС 
ҵƺһһεʧȥ䰮Ķֱ죬ȻʹԼΪʲôܸǿһ㣬ΪʲôԼ˫ȥЩҪ 
ӴڴڵشŴϵ˿ڻѪ䶨һʥְƿ˳Ƕˣ˵òᡣ 
ûпGSD 
ţͷͬھô 
ȻҵԺֳָһһŰɫףһ˫ɫ۾ 
¬СȻ͵¬¬棡¬ 
޵Ժķ棬ûܼͱһʯˡ綼תµڵϣֲڸɳĦҵ 
Ȼʧȥ֪ 
ڰ 
һƬޱ޼ʵĺڰĿĺڰԭʼĶδ֪Ŀ־ĺڰĺڰУҵ·һССĺڵ㣬ĺڰ֮С 
ȻһѪɫĹâںڰš 
һʶҵиֳ 
ʹ𣿻ں𣿱 
Ϊ̫Сˡ 
㣬ȴҵ 
ڣҸڶλᡣ棬İҵ 
ǿǳ޵ 
ǩԼңҾͽ޵㡣õУȫȫؽⴿ޷赲ĳ޵ɣ 
Ȼ󣬵ڶŹâһŴĽ׵Ĺâůںڰ֪֮Ůػҵ顣 
°ɣޣ 
ύ꣡޵Ȼǿ󣬵Ǳؽܣ 
˵úð޵ʶЦױȵĲΪʲôȥأ 
ûŮ˵ҵڰȥ 
ڰһɢȥҷһЦſڵϡվʱҸеһҵʹʹܿʧˡ 
ҿԼ˫֡ 
һ˫ôְ 
ǸʱҷģһҪǿޱǿǿػ˵Ҫ 
棬¬ڵ¡Ľס˵ηͨףܿͻġ 
ܶһʥְ߰һԵʯֻѾһˣ˿ҵĵذ壬˳ȥ̳ܴһ߿һ 
¬ǧҪ 
ճ߹ȷ·ޱ̼֮ҲûдŻֻһ·ǰߡƿǵϤʱĺܿ졣 
һƿǵţҾ¬ 
 
Ҳ֪ô˵Ҳֻг֡ 
¬ 
ʲô顣ĺÿ죬ɫҲܰס¬ӴŽվϡǰ¬ֱֻ̰һƽԳһ˿ҡ 
ҪҡҺȻоܲáҡҲ˵㡭 
ҡҡͷ˵Ѿȫˣ߰ɡ 
ʲô飿 
Ů˺ͻںֲӿԼˡ 
Ȼ¬֣תһԲߡҲ˵Ҳǰᡣ 
ǻص֮GSDҲһʯ˳ǰ˿ѿˣ˺ܶѪҴʥְǶѾûΪƣҲֻܴ﷭һҩƷΪ򵥵ֹѪ°ǰ˿ʱGSDС˵ 
ģдҲһ㡣 
ҿΧȫлŵţͷˡ 
ҵ˫ֻɱЩţͷˣǲܰ޵ԺGSD˵ǱˣǱġ 
˭ɻ 
һˡGSD 
һֱĬ¬Ȼ̧ͷ¶ȵɫˣ 
GSDͷת¬ķȻȴܸоϢס¬Ρ 
ָоҲӵйֵˡ 
ǵġ¬ش𣺡ֻҵֻ֣ΪȾ˿ۺ֢ġ 
¬˵Ļޱ𾪡 
ֻ֣˿ⴴġΪ˶ԿͿһлеһѰԹо֮һ 
Ϊصʣһ壬Ѹ˥ǿʼܽϣ˵Ϊ塣ױʴһʴɣ뱻ʴΪһ壬޷ãǰȻױһʴȴԱסԼĶʶֵʴֻ壬γԼĶʶ˸ 
ֻҪгۣͿԴ֮һоáһİʧأֵʶͻûǵ塣࣬ƾԼʶƹ֡ 
˵Ҵؿ¬ֻŤ֡ 
˵ҵ꣬ҡ¬ȻЦЦǳЦת˲ţֻһĨİˣңҾһ˿ֲĹ15ֵ꣬ʶһҵ壬ɱҵ˺ˡ;ҴׯʥְǽƷѹѹסҲʱ˵Ŀơ 
GSDüͷǣϿµ˺ۣѵ˵ġ 
¶ˡϹ 
Ҿתķ 
ûˣһ 
ĳе 
ţҿԶɭһȺĶҡҡλε߳ 
ǼʮϥǸߵķιһ˫͵ľ޴ɫ۾ûȣĴ 
⼸ʮŴ̱ǵĻҩͻ͵ζȻƲɵӿ 
ʲôGSDȻҲˡȻäйȴΪҡҡͷҲ֪ȥĳе



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       GSD˳ӣɫˣ˹õԱеˣҿɢǧܿǣ һ˵һҪվҺ¬һһҵزGSDͷţһС˵ҽӴˣһǸǹʦһӦǻеʦҪġ 
Ļû˵꣬Ȼ·ʲô͵شһȭһȥҺ¬ҲˤڵϡGSDһؾԲ˼ץס̽ݺݵشԼ磬һѪɽһӲýѪ˳̽һӣ͵ذǶɳȥͬʱһſű 
ǶϸСɳԶһѿ治GSDûŪﱬըĻʲôµĺɫɷ׵ؿһĻ촽ʵʲô⡭ 
ѻǹGSDҲʹͷ亹촽ɫ޺޵ذżͷ˿ڣϢ˱ӵǵǣȴкܶµġ 
ȻЩƽĻеһͣΧһԲڵС 
Ȼһ졣 
µĴȻһҵ÷Ȼը˽ҳڿзصصڵϡǰһƬս˫ۣҡҡͷ۾ӾŻظǶȻ졣ɢҿǰʮԶƽϣѾһεľ޴ 
ȻǸղըĽԿȥҺãȻܵ˱ըĲƺûˡһڶվľȻǲӡ 
ȻGSD¬ĲҲվ 
ûɱǡȻѾˡGSDţ˵ðź̵Ĵ󹵣ҲòGSD˵ 
ܶԡϹǸҲϣֻ̫ҪǸŮһ˾㹻ˡ 
ϸӰ߳ԣȻǡ 
ҵһοˡ 
Ǻܸߣбɫͫס˶ͬһʽǳɫ£һڱбһ޴һ˵ƯһŹֵԼͷСͭɫߵƺ죬һת۾͵ǵǰ 
ǵֿտյģ 
ʲôˣսеľ޴ͼڡ 
ûҪ㡣˵вεİһǰֿһ¬֣ 
ǻȥɣܾˡ 
ҺȻղ¬Ļ 
ֻҪгۣͿԴ֮һоá 
֪һ¬ǰ˵ߵģ 
ЦȴЦ⣺ǲɱˣǲζǲɱˡҵġ 
֣տյкȻһָңûʲôֻǶǰ˻һ 
Ҿ͸еǰƺ˺ݺݵһѣһӵڵϡ 
ȻܵʹҾͷԼһĶɫѪӿֵȻʹȴûие־ͻҡ 
¬þԼ˵Ӱɡ 
ʧȥʶ֮ǰ˲䣬¬GSDžζĴ󺰣 
¬ܽ⿪ 
ٴʱɫѾȫؿڻһʹÿһκںһŻǿƵʹֳŵǿ＾ˬ΢УŨŨѪһƬס 
¬ҵ֡Ȼ̾˻Ӧ 
 
Ҳͷ¬ҲԶĵطվߵǰ£ҵ 
ϣһƽ֮£ڲıˡ 
ʲô¡һܡ۾ûӦڰΧһз·ںڰ֮Уֻ¬ɫ㷢ɫ˫⡣¬ҵ֣һӲĶ档 
GSDĶ̽ 
Ȼҵ֣Ѷ̽׼Լš 
ɱҰɡ 
ҳһæ֣Ѷ̽ڵϡؿڵ˴ǣʹǰһ󷢺ڡһְס¬˫磬ʵ׷ʲô飡 
¬ͷĬһᣬȻٴ̧ͷظǾ仰 
ɱҰɡ 
Ϊʲô㵽ס 
ʱע⵽Լ˫ȾճɺҺ塣 
Ѫ¬ϵѪ 
ȫѪ˫ϣϣȫ£Ѫ 
Ȼע⵽ԼҲȫѪ 
һƬѪ 
¬ң׷ʲô飿ĸо¬Ȼ˽ҵĻҵļϣ 
ɱҰɣҲٻȥˣɱҰɣ㡭 
ţںڰ˲ӵ 
ɱˡ 
ˣһʱûзӦʵ˼ 
ɱˣһӶûôײеɱ˷ʽȻɱҴʥְߡԸҵʱGSD⿪Լϵһηס¬ֱϵĹ񡣵GSDԼҲ¬һ˸Դ 
Ҹеһɺ˳żȥؽס¬ 
ԼÿնʵGSD 
GSDһȥ֮ǰùһûôǱ 
š 
˵ĲᡣGSD˵ңûҲѹƹܳʱ䡣뾡ȥŪһȻĻҿܻһ 
ȥŪһһ𣿡ʡ 
ʲôЦGSDҵؿϢ˰ż˵һ˷Ҷʹǵȥ棬ૹˣֻǲܴӡ 
棿üԶ 
ڵѹƹҡǸϵˡGSDִϢ˰ΣȻ˵ȻòǻҪˡȷ£ǼܶˣĻȥҸʲôġ 
Բ𡭡¬ţҵĴ 
ĴGSD˵ϹӵĶ仹飺ǹռ塣ΪԼµжĻӦŬȥȥѰҲԼķ 
˵Ķԡ¬ĺ󱳣ɵˣҪչGSDһȥɡ 
һСʱҺ¬һеСص޵Ժķ档ʱҪһܲףҵƺ־Ϳ·һӭʻҾط֣ľȻͨƥ״е 
˵աҺ¬˵ľȻͬæȻܴ󷽽Լҵ޽ܣһˡҲҪȥȻ˳·ȻӦðæˡ 
޽ܿᣬ20ͷݸߣΪżɽӣҼΪҲǸˡ˵˵ǲӵġ 
ĺ䣬ڲʡӷֿ䡣޽ܰѿźĳǰȻαƽͳһŻĴGSDڴϣ¬Ӻ;ǰŵϡʱҲŲò֮̾ʱ¬޽ڳҲúܿյڳＷˣȻҲôִ١޽ܰᶯ֣еע㹻֮ʼǰС 
ҹ·ˣ˯һ¡ƥ·Ѿ趨ˡ޽˵ŴӻһĽ˿ûĻҹ̣ͿԽĹˡ 
ǲ֪θлźáGSD˵޽ЦЦǸˣŲװ׵ذء 
⻰һڣǼȫɵˡҪ˵ǮЩ޵ԺĿһֶûСGSDжǮ 
Ҳ֪磬ֵǮҲǰѱ¬ߡȻͱһԴĶ̽ˡ޽ƺǵ˼ЦЦİɣ׷Ǹ档ȻǸʿغૹ˺ɣ 
GSDͷǰмѡ 
ξǺȥһʲܰĻڼǮҲ˼̫ǿӲɡ޽ܱ˵ߵԼСӡ 
ƺװźܺõļװãܸоƥеܵĺܿ죬ǳȴƽȡƳصGSDͲӲþͳ˯˹ȥ޽ԼСˡؿڵȻʹں޽ܸҵһƿҩˮ֮Ҳһ㡣 
¬ߣһֱ˵ãȻסҵ֡ 
Һܺ¡ 
ôˣ¬䣬Ҳɵһѹ 
֪ôGSDסҵ֮Ҫɱ˵ǣҵֻ֣ܹܲܶҵ塭Һܺ£ 
ңһʧȥƵĻҪɱҡҲ˺κˡ 
§סļ򣬰ĻѪҰģ˺㣬Ҳ˺ˡһҪҵƷķ 
ڻһеľĺԣǰǶô 
еźĳᣬԤ·߲߲ݵرš֮Ѿܽӽˡڻƻʱ֣޽ܺȻͣס 
ôˣ 
޽ܲ˵򿪳šѾûд󰭵GSDҺ¬ں档 
һţһ̱ǰľ󾪴ˡ 
ﱾӦǸӡ 
ڣֻһƬ𺣡 
ҳϴʱ򣬻úõġ޽ܵڻӳ֮ô 
ҿGSD˵ܸо桭ϢʮֵĿ񱩣ô£ 
Ȼ޽ܻһɫò԰ޱȣѵɣ 
ôˣҽ¬֡ 
ѵ˵õ˻֮ħʯ 
֮ħʯʣGSDӶһ£ȻһĿӡس֣ǵڶ 
Ȼ˵ĻΣˡǻصȥ 
˻ûȫԭҵĵؿGSDûлشֻظһ飺ǻصȥ 
ԶĻȻһɻȻһŰеʯŴ̶ĺGSDһ¶飺ѵȼյĶħѾжˣ 
ʯ֮Уͳıը˳ŽµĴش𺣵ȻǣȻҷ߰˸ֵĶǷٱƽƺһƾƯĻ棬ڻ𺣵ıֱƮ˲ܿ塣ЩСŷ·ǻһɢסǡ 
ǡʲô¬ץҵĸ첲޽˿ĭ¶ֵı飺һֵͼĻϵ飬ǵסǡǵںǺֵǮĶء 
治Ǵ˰һмֵĶ˽⡣ 
ҾãЩһƺԼֵǮں͸İɡӽͼվߡ޽˿ĭҲ֪˷ܻǺ£ɸɰͰͰɵ˵òҪǣ̵ġ 
ĻǵȻ£һڿͣһ£ųһţһһͳӵͺһ˫ۼ𣬾ҪͼӭȥҲɵһüøľͷһȥ飬ⲻô 
GSDĶȴ죬һúãӭסڰɹǵףж̽һӣһ̹ǵĺһһӨ͸ıǰĵðеǵڿסһĴ 
ҲɵõһȻܹ棬ʲôĽ 
ǵǡҲųһз˹ֶʺͻϮ԰ƻһϡȴǡΪGSDĽƣȻһû©һŶڱеĻⳡĹ졣޽ȴеֵúϲ£˼һӷˡ飬Ĵشܹȥȫûгʱ塣˼ƺҪÿ飬ǵǡֵǮĺĿٳ 
GSDƺе㲻ˣһӵȰڵϣ̽Ҳߣֽ߬Ϻɫ󣬶ͷϴŵĺ·ҪԼִӼϳһ 
ɶûȻһʹòҪôҧأ˻ȻƯߵķĿӡһһرȥÿһӡʱͷꡱһ죬ðһɺֱ̡ȫۣGSD˿ſվӵϰ̽ؽ 
û°ɣ޽ʡ 
ãòʱǿѹס˹񣬵ǲսˡGSDش 
޽ܡŶһҲĺܹGSD֪˵ôġһGSDϴ¬ռһΣǼֻ¶Ҫ군󼪡Ȼ޽ȴȫӡôǵסֵǮĺó 
ΪGSDһֽɱľ̾ѵʱ򣬸ҾȵһĻˡ 
һ˲䣬ԶӿĻȻ̣һƬ᾵ıɽ 
˺ѿĺХȻʧһƬžžҸе쳣Ŀ־塣¬ץҸ첲ֽ˽Ҳûʹ 
˰ΣӲų³һҵﰥ 
𺣵ȻɢȥֻܸеһҹĴ̹ǱҲΣȻʵǡʲô 
ܹ˲˴ĺҽ𺣶ᣬֻ˿GSD˵оȻ˿ο 
һħԪʦһ֣ǺһʴȴԷù֮ΪԼսˡ 
ùΪԼսҲɵÿ¬һۡ¬Ŀӭңһ˲תͷԼıƵ֡ 
ֿùĽʿǳ֮ΪGSDһ£˵Ǹƺţ 
 
ɵıɽȻ·ĺ⾧âУ߹ǰĿߴ󣬴һǳɫߵĳгۣһѱһʿ˽һɫȫɢһȻĪ֮ĺš 
Ǹע֡ 
Ҳһֻ֣ʴ֤Ҿȵֻû⵽ʴһʵ֮ϺɫļӡԶŷģһöķתٻɫ΢⡣һ˵ʴĹֱֻ۴׳һЩֱֻҲˡɲǴ׳һЩֳֻļצ⼸ϥǡ 
߽һЩҿ 
ⱾһӢȴһ˲ɭɭ˫ڶǰӰ⣬ͫ׾ȻǼΪĽɫͦıݵһ飬촽°ͣѩס 
ߵһСŮ 
Ůȥʮ꣬һͷĺ췢ĺ췢Ժһβѩ׵ϴС䲢ƵࡣµϹĺɫƤף˫ֶָͭףڱбһ˽ɫߵøһЩҲŷ֣ǸӲǱϣǱһδ֪ţ΢΢͹ǰװһöɫĻ£ҲΨһװƷ 
һϢĿǰͣ£˫ĿɨʱҸо·һ˫Ĵָ֣ҵӹһ㡣 
ţĿGSDϣ׺Ȼ¶Цݡ 
Цת˲ţһǿĴ䣬·ķâ 
GSD벻ҲǱʱ򰡡 
GSDҲЦˣ 
ÿ˶鷳ʱ򣬲𾴵ټˡ 
ĿӴЦҿˣȮݹȻҪܶ࣬ 
ЩҵѡGSDָ˵ȻתСŮλǣ 
λħŵų&amp;#8226;롣һЦΪһGSDĹ֣Լ÷ǿѹ𣿳ĻԷĲġ 
ĻGSDĹȻ˽һȻѸСϵİöһ𷢳ҫ۵⣬ּȥ 
ˣһ֮ڹ񲻻ᱻˡ㻹Ǿȥһµɡ 
GSDͷȻתб&amp;#8226;ŮǿϢͻ˱ȵĳƺţѵð 
&amp;#8226;һ࣬ػشѾһʮˡ 
ȻGSDҲеΣЦЦรòµħˡ 
ħ壿ϸ건&amp;#8226;롣ȻĶҪһ˳ܶ࣬Ҳܼ⡣˫峺۾ʵסȷ·еҵעӣҲӭҵĿ⡣ 
ҵʱһĿԡΪȿһ֮󣬺Ȼ˫Цˡ 
ЦҸеͬѩǵĻԭϣһ˲䴺شأʻʢͬʱ첲һʹ¬ݺһ¡ 
ɵıɽȻ·ĺ⾧âУ߹ǰĿߴ󣬴һǳɫߵĳгۣһѱһʿ˽һɫȫɢһȻĪ֮ĺš 
Ǹע֡ 
Ҳһֻ֣ʴ֤Ҿȵֻû⵽ʴһʵ֮ϺɫļӡԶŷģһöķתٻɫ΢⡣һ˵ʴĹֱֻ۴׳һЩֱֻҲˡɲǴ׳һЩֳֻļצ⼸ϥǡ 
߽һЩҿ 
ⱾһӢȴһ˲ɭɭ˫ڶǰӰ⣬ͫ׾ȻǼΪĽɫͦıݵһ飬촽°ͣѩס 
ߵһСŮ 
Ůȥʮ꣬һͷĺ췢ĺ췢Ժһβѩ׵ϴС䲢ƵࡣµϹĺɫƤף˫ֶָͭףڱбһ˽ɫߵøһЩҲŷ֣ǸӲǱϣǱһδ֪ţ΢΢͹ǰװһöɫĻ£ҲΨһװƷ 
һϢĿǰͣ£˫ĿɨʱҸо·һ˫Ĵָ֣ҵӹһ㡣 
ţĿGSDϣ׺Ȼ¶Цݡ 
Цת˲ţһǿĴ䣬·ķâ 
GSD벻ҲǱʱ򰡡 
GSDҲЦˣ 
ÿ˶鷳ʱ򣬲𾴵ټˡ 
ĿӴЦҿˣȮݹȻҪܶ࣬ 
ЩҵѡGSDָ˵ȻתСŮλǣ 
λħŵų&amp;#8226;롣һЦΪһGSDĹ֣Լ÷ǿѹ𣿳ĻԷĲġ 
ĻGSDĹȻ˽һȻѸСϵİöһ𷢳ҫ۵⣬ּȥ 
ˣһ֮ڹ񲻻ᱻˡ㻹Ǿȥһµɡ 
GSDͷȻתб&amp;#8226;ŮǿϢͻ˱ȵĳƺţѵð 
&amp;#8226;һ࣬ػشѾһʮˡ 
ȻGSDҲеΣЦЦรòµħˡ 
ħ壿ϸ건&amp;#8226;롣ȻĶҪһ˳ܶ࣬Ҳܼ⡣˫峺۾ʵסȷ·еҵעӣҲӭҵĿ⡣ 
ҵʱһĿԡΪȿһ֮󣬺Ȼ˫Цˡ 
ЦҸеͬѩǵĻԭϣһ˲䴺شأʻʢͬʱ첲һʹ¬ݺһ¡ 
ɵıɽȻ·ĺ⾧âУ߹ǰĿߴ󣬴һǳɫߵĳгۣһѱһʿ˽һɫȫɢһȻĪ֮ĺš 
Ǹע֡ 
Ҳһֻ֣ʴ֤Ҿȵֻû⵽ʴһʵ֮ϺɫļӡԶŷģһöķתٻɫ΢⡣һ˵ʴĹֱֻ۴׳һЩֱֻҲˡɲǴ׳һЩֳֻļצ⼸ϥǡ 
߽һЩҿ 
ⱾһӢȴһ˲ɭɭ˫ڶǰӰ⣬ͫ׾ȻǼΪĽɫͦıݵһ飬촽°ͣѩס 
ߵһСŮ 
Ůȥʮ꣬һͷĺ췢ĺ췢Ժһβѩ׵ϴС䲢ƵࡣµϹĺɫƤף˫ֶָͭףڱбһ˽ɫߵøһЩҲŷ֣ǸӲǱϣǱһδ֪ţ΢΢͹ǰװһöɫĻ£ҲΨһװƷ 
һϢĿǰͣ£˫ĿɨʱҸо·һ˫Ĵָ֣ҵӹһ㡣 
ţĿGSDϣ׺Ȼ¶Цݡ 
Цת˲ţһǿĴ䣬·ķâ 
GSD벻ҲǱʱ򰡡 
GSDҲЦˣ 
ÿ˶鷳ʱ򣬲𾴵ټˡ 
ĿӴЦҿˣȮݹȻҪܶ࣬ 
ЩҵѡGSDָ˵ȻתСŮλǣ 
λħŵų&amp;#8226;롣һЦΪһGSDĹ֣Լ÷ǿѹ𣿳ĻԷĲġ 
ĻGSDĹȻ˽һȻѸСϵİöһ𷢳ҫ۵⣬ּȥ 
ˣһ֮ڹ񲻻ᱻˡ㻹Ǿȥһµɡ 
GSDͷȻתб&amp;#8226;ŮǿϢͻ˱ȵĳƺţѵð 
&amp;#8226;һ࣬ػشѾһʮˡ 
ȻGSDҲеΣЦЦรòµħˡ 
ħ壿ϸ건&amp;#8226;롣ȻĶҪһ˳ܶ࣬Ҳܼ⡣˫峺۾ʵסȷ·еҵעӣҲӭҵĿ⡣ 
ҵʱһĿԡΪȿһ֮󣬺Ȼ˫Цˡ 
ЦҸеͬѩǵĻԭϣһ˲䴺شأʻʢͬʱ첲һʹ¬ݺһ¡ 
Ϊʲô˻ᵽأGSDָָѾһƬĴ䣬ʵϵЦ̲ˣ޺޵صΪ׷Ůˣ֪ԼǶ֣ȻûħʯٻȼյĶħбȰæҲ鷳ˡ 
һʣ޽ܵȻһɫ·𶼱ɫеԾ޽ܵӣʵ֪˵˭ 
޽ֲ̧ͷšŶ֪֪ 
Ҳڷ 
˭ų 
û´ĻӦǡ 
޽ܵú¹£ѵ˵Ǹ֣ 
ˮ˿ 
ˮǸֵĽзҿ޽̵ܷʵôܺ£ʲôأ 
޽ܸЦһشңô˵أһϰյ˵Ǹţɣٸƶ֡ 
Ǻܺð¬ֵʣΪʲôܺµӣ 
Ϊ޽˵ѵǺôҾǱ١֡ 
ʲôǵĶԻһΪ壬ΪĲ֮ͽˡ 
˵һָǴׯķ棺ΪѷɵƲãϧٻȼյĶħסǣȫ˼ĺŮˣһҪ֮Է 
GSDһ£ô˵Ǻò˿ŮˣҶҲЩ˽⡣¼Լ˵ʵҪƷҲǺװɣ 
¶˿˺ëֱҰްЦݣħŵİ˵ȻѾˣΪֵܻĳԱ֮ɣ 
GSDҡͷЦ˵йһ֮ԵҵĵǣǼңֻҲ 
סĻҲѾˣҲҪȥݽ档һͬаɡ 
һ档 
GSDૹ֮ĵȥľưɡɡһ£ʵǿҪֿˡȻһʱ䲻GSDѾξȹҵˡҶҲһĽĸ顣˵Ƿɣҵﲢƽ 
ư֣GSDң¬Ͳ˸¡˼زˮ֮GSDһḧոµһǣԺʲô㣿 
Ҫصȥ˵ҵļҲ⵽ħˡҲġ 
㡭ǰͼ˰ɡGSD˵Ȱһ䣬ΪʥְߣҪսڵֿħĵһʵеġܺãҽ㻹ǳһ½ʿǵսʽ 
Ȼתңأ 
롭ԥһ£ΪĵӣҲǿ 
GSDĬƬ̣Ȼ˵²С 
ΪʲôҼˡ 
ʲ޵ĽҿԽܸʦ㡣ţ㽫Ϊһǰ;Ľʿɡ 
ҳĬһ£ûҴС޵Ժʱȫûʲôᾭ飬ҲͬGSDİš 
¬˵ҡ룬һӦ뿪ɡ 
½סҵָ֡䡣 
Ҳ֪ܲܿסԼϵĹĲʹȥ˺ˡа 
ˡGSD˵ûƶֻ֣֮Ҫѧƹ񣬹Ϊã 
ǣĿԱסô 
ˣѾɹذѹסôҪϣGSD˵¬û˵ͷ 
ʱֱԺܳһʱ䣬ҶޱGSDĻΪ¬սսʤϵĹ񣬰ǵΪԼȻңGSDһ¡ 
¬ಢһϵĹѾǿˡ 
Ҳ¬Լʶһ㣬Ըʵ 
ֶӿʼһӺȻˬʵЦˣվ¬֣ 
¬Ҫ𣿡 
ţ¬һ¡ЦҾҪˣ͵Ϊаɡ 
УžƱؿһɫȹ¬ڲӵı裬Ц΢Ц۲תƮGSDȻ¾Ʊҳȥһ£ܿ 
ûֻǿӰŮ



ڶ1

       ȻһӹһĸŮӺߡ ٣С˧磬֧𣿡 
ǳɫĳƤпˣָͿޢһʱд硣ûЩҲǸɫˡ 
ŵ˵ҼŮӡʹ¬ļµǰҲҪʧɫ֡ţұţͬŭŵõ塣һʱûӦֻɵɵؿ޹ס 
ǺǣС˧约ء˵Ȼʳָҵ°ͣĽë£һ˫õɫĴ۾⡣촽뿪ϣϢůҷܾŮʿ룬ܲòŶ 
˿ڿˮҡᡭ 
˵ʲôɵѧ¡ɷ˵شװŰ뱭ˮƵıӣһںȸɣѱصһգҵ־ȥ 
ҵ֣ԼĺϣȻôٰı§סҵĲӡұ׾رһ·أҳһࡣһԶȻŮӹǧ¬ 
֪һʱͷˡ 
ŮһһִҰԵķ㣬˲֪ͳС˿ŮЦˣô 
ҵʱ϶ˡŮӳԳԵЦţöèĶˮܹء 
εŲߣŮȴһ§ҵĲӣ𿴱ˣҡ 
ֱ۱ȿˡֻÿ֮䣬ҳôδһŮܹǺ¬ҲûСͷȫǺˮ 
ҡڰ˵ʲôȴʲô벻ȻΧĹһֹͣ¬ľ 
 
ҡŮ˵ţɿӡһǣҾ;ת 
ȻɱǵϮŮ˾ưһ˦ǰһƬĹâͷ£Ůְҵļ򣬾ұֱӭȥȻ죬ұϵƤӻƬ·ɢ¶ĽŮЦһһץâɢȥһѺɫ 
Ǽ 
ɫ࣬ƺܵγˮ 
ȻܹӲɵһ治ˮ 
ȻŮʿʱ͵Ϯ治ټ˰Ů˳ְһѳ£ֵػشսսվĪؿǰһĻ¬ٴҺ 
뿪 
еȺ֪ʱѾˣֻʣҺŮվصУһɱټŤͷ¬վȺ֮УҪǲӽץļ 
ôˣ 
ڻǺʱԼȻûзӦʵںҲôٶ۵һˡ 
Ů˾˿ӳɤŴ󺰡 
˿һعͷӭ˿˫ۡ 
һӶǵ 
׺ݡޱȵ׺ݡһƬһ޼ʵĺڰɭУһƥѾ˺ܾõĶǣֻǿʱõɫͫʺƺһֻŭҰޣʱ˳ҳƬ 
ʵţ˿˵⻰ʱȻ΢ЦЦ׺ޱȵҸеһ񺮡 
㲻Ҫܹӵˣļһ񳤵һ𣬵ֱǵķ򡣻谵Ĺ£ҿԼвӰӸ֡ 
ǹô 
˿⼪вһֽϵԼǰ˳׵ָḧҵʺ 
Ҳһ²һ˸᣿ 
ˡ 
Һ˿ָܿ뿪ҵĺȻסҵļҸеսҵĶߣ 
С˧磬ҵඡϵ㣬ҪӳȥĻ̸Ŷ~ 
֪ǴҾȻһ䣺ҲŲҪ 
ٺ٣С˧约ء 
ɫˣһ޹ص˸ҳȥ 
Ȼ̧ԼĹָ֣趯еϵķһһ⣬ΧĹӻ谵 
֮ô˿ЦȻҸеԽԽŨңֻȥһ㣬Ҿ;ͷе㷢衣 
һжġ˿ע⵽ҵ쳣ҪˣһҸʣ̫鷳 
Ļû˵꣬һŴ̶ĺХӲɨ˿һһ죬Ҷһʹ˿ҲָȻҵļϡ 
Ӳ˼һӻζΣһȴ˿ŵǣӳһˣȻǸȥѩɰı&amp;#8226;롣 
֪Ӻδֵıһ࣬һƮƮڵϣеĽɫֱָ˿ͷ­뼪ɼн֮ơ 
Ȼ󣬵Ӱ߽أ˳ΰ˿ΧС 
ſ־ܰɡ 
GSD 
˿üëһƨ 
ֻеҼָһ˱˹ȥ˿ĻžͶԴ档ϧǵʱȫûȥ޸˿ƹҵĲӣ§ԭһתֻӳһƬɵɳɳƮƮӣȥʱȻ̶ƿGSD̽һӣǰһƬԲιâɳԳһĺɫϢϢؽɳˡҲûжɳɵǰһʱȻһƬĻǣƺǱĳֿ̯ 
˿Ц˼ 
Ȼֻһıв֪ʲôɷżһŹֵĶ⿴һͭӣԵ⣬Ȼޱȡɫһ䣬һеĳһײڵϣΰҲһΡǷȴأһ֮£˸GSDGSD۾䵹Ǻ飬˫ס̽һݺݵؽǷ䡣̡͡һصˮĥʯԼһ룬ɼط˿̺󿴶§һתٴεһȴһŴԵϲ˳صĽ񹳣צȡ 
Ȼ׼𳤹һƬޱȣײϹӵļö񹳾ƽӲס񹳺谭طɹȥѱȲ˸ʵ 
˿ЦҹһȽС̱˹һᵶ˿ıкصöխУһ´˱ȵš§סҲӵһ죬żļһö룬͵Ȼ˾綾ü֮ʱȴȻˢһʧһ㣬ӹûڰ˿еģǹӰ⣡ 
˵һԾ˻ץסҵҲקֻýһ۵İ׹⽻滮˿һԶԶ俪Ҿûôõˣֱһƨڵϡ˿˿պգҪйӰҪڡ 
δ˵꣬һȣ 
ƣ 
Ǳȣ 
⧲֮£˿мʵʵذһ¡һܹ֮ӲӼһ˿ҽһǰɳ岽صڵϡȻһһǿѾѪ 
ղһصıȾվߡ 
ô˿̧ĨǵѪ޺޵˵¶׹顣ĬȻôľ룬ŵһ󵭵Ѫζ 
ؿڵƤխѿڣֻɫƤסڲѪ 
ԭˡ˿ЦЦҲûȫ㿪 
˵üͷһ壬ְסؿڣһӿһѪӲȥȻЦ 
仨ƣҺǵڶΰһˡ 
һֱûгֵGSDٴ˵ֿɣӲˡ 
˿Цõɫ˫׹䣺Ͷģ 
˵ԾҺͱڰգһȭȵͷȵһ㿪һȭ˿ֱ֣һȭڵϡȭ֮£ʯͷذ徹Ȼˮ㵴ֻýһΣһɸ˳ȹֱϥһʹȫĹ·Ҫɢһ㡣 
ֻ֪һ˿ҪǱűȥġ̲סҽгͬʱ˿ôһ֣οסǱ˵ıȵĺGSDͬʱУſ£ 
Ȼ˿ĿЦ 
ף 
¡ 
ұȵƷ֮ǰһ뷨ǣ 
ѵҺ͵鹵Ե𣿡 
ȽСҵرըüɳȥײưɵǽϣ˳ǽڻͷڵϣһҲˡ 
ˡ 
ޡ˿ݺһڴѪĭûôء 
Ȼתͷ򼪸GSDһ˭ 
ȻղŵıըԼҲӰ졣ԼֹģıƣŮǷ 
񳤵һᣬǰȻִԲɱ㣡 
ƾ㣡˿ӱһһĲм֣ŤĹϣĵĹâ 
Ҫ𣿡 
ĻǰһɫӰԼͣǼֻϺ̹ǣͬȻ仯ĺ䣬һ֮սаޱȵадıޡһӰΪԲɢȥ֮涼˪ 
쵰˿ŭش󺰣һҲһɱ𣡣 
GSDҲǣڻֺܲ 
ɫĵһȣҪʤһҹܲô࣡ 
˿һ죬ñסնԼӵһŭƨȡʤģ 
аĺѾʼ͸ҵ壬ҵʶҲģڣһγ˺ڰ 
ǹ˵ 
ңҿ԰Ҳ͸㡣 
ԽһеΪΪ޵е 
ֻҪң 
Ȼ޵ʶȻʧ 
ԸǱһϢɢͬڵĴѩɢ 
ɱǵصĴɱûб壬ûзֻ޿ƥеǿ 
һ 
ֹǿ޵ʶֲɱɢǴ̹ǵĺҲɱ֮±ѩڡҵʶӺڰȴ̱ǿɱ塣 
һͳϵŮұ 
˿Ķ֣ҡ 
ͷһۣ 
ҵ·ѾҵˣҪ˵תͷѡǿɱһȻѹͬǧѹҵȫҽʯ 
һ˴߻ӹ 
һߴŮӣһͷĳҿҲ뿴߾һ˲䣬û˱ȽϺá 
Լ޷ǰȻȻľĿ겢ҡ 
ҿ˿ʵҲ֪ղһ˶ãǴʱ˿Ѿһ˿ڣѪӿԳأŴϢɫڡ 
ǿޱȵɱ£˿ȻЦ 
ˡְ˿ڣֵĽգ 
ȴˣ 
Ǳȣע⵽ϻǼɫƤףֻƤ׹ߴԵ̫Сˣ¶ʹѩ׵ļǰһĻҿ˿û޵ĸоֻѹ־塣 
ֻܴѹ 
Ҹһᡣ˵ߣȴԴҪѿ˿˫ȭգ˵ɵ˿˿ûеѡ񡣡 
ȵƽôɡ 
ϵѹȻʧ 
ΪȰȫɱе˿ϡܹ߻谵һǿȵƺһ͸״Χ֪ۼʱĿռŤ 
һı·һ޴ķݱȻơûжֻ˿Ȼŷ˳ȥɹ·ϣһѪ 
ȻȺȻʧ˲˿ǰԾûж˿ȴͬܵϷһֱֱ׹£ʱѼӲʯͷҳһƬơ 
ҿ˱ȵסƮɢĳ£ѩ׵׷ѩɣȻȴû˿顣߸߾֣ŤĵĿռ䷶ΧѸСгһӰС塣屾ûɫܿΪԴԴϵذΧĹչȥԵޱȡ 
GSDͼͬʱ󺰣ס֣ 
ǵг 
ʱһ˲ֹͣˡ 
ҿ˿泯ڵϣŤͷңϴǸ΢Ц 
ҿGSDס̽һơ 
ҿֵ߱Ļɼ 
ҿ¬Ҫܹӽرס 
ҿȵһ䡣 
ûԺ䣬ǵõʱκֹ֪ģĹض춯ءΪʱҵгӾ֮⣬ѾȶգӾҲóٻɬ 
˿һɼԲȻһһȡµʯͷ˲仯ɳӣ򱬳һʺѪ 
ǿ˳ŴشҸ߸ߵˤϡ֫ŵصسվȻոֱһɿаҴ˳ȥݺײǽϡ⻹꣬ϵѹԽԽܡоԼĹͷž죬ڶĴҴܡĺǽҲʼҪֱʱѹʧˡ 
ưɵ컨ͷɵ֪ʲôطȥˡ¹ҫ£ҿȶ弱ٵСԭСŮΣȻȻһͷԵڵϡ 
ҲŻ˹ȥ 
ʱ̫ûϢˡ 
һ۾ʱ򣬷ԼһʵĴϡϸ̺ӡһķ䣬࣬ıѩס¬ڴͷһϣ˺ܶࡣ 
ѹˡ 
ҡţ˶ã 
¬Цˣ۽ǣʮ졣 
˵߹ǣ˫ҲѾˡҺûˡ 
û°ɣʡ¬ָ̧ҿұҲ˼а壬ű 
أģGSDأ 
ûʲôˣǰѾȥˡGSDͼҲȥ׷˿ˡ 
ʲôҳһ˿Ȼӵˣ 
ֻܵһʮ죬ʵ벻ֲһ˿ġǲ֪ΪΣ֪˿ߵϢҾȻеһЩ 
֪ڳеĵӴˮϵͳȵһ˿µʯͷذ˿Լܵһֹת»׺㣬ˮˡȻʱҲѾˣǱһֵGSDͼֻȫԱ޷׷ȷһ֮Ҳľԣ˳ߡ 
ôҳؿڻеʹ˫ĹͷѾӺˡ¬úʣ 
¼ҡ 
űƿһľ׳߽ʮ£ǳɫĳۣͷܸߣɫĶ̷ӣ˫Ŀݣӥ䣬ͦ촽ܱȻǸ־ǿˡȴŴȺ͵Цݣ˱С 
ҽա&amp;#8226;ૡҽܵGSDίиңĽʦ 
ҿʼ 
ûʲô˵ģƽҲࡣһȭңȴԽҽһ˵ﵽǸ֮ʹʲôѾûзֱˡνһͨ򷨽ͨžҼǿңʹڣҲԶԶﲻˮƽ 
˵ÿ켦һʱ𴲣ˮԡŶͶʱԶٱͿʼϰֻĽһʼǶľ׮ؿԺյûпĶ۽ͺҪһߴһսĵá 
ˣˣˣͬž˵ҵʺʺϰؽõϰýرصģȱͬѧһһʼ࣬ҲϰΪˡ 
ƽˡ 
սˡ֮ìͻ˫ܵٽ㡣ҵĹնҲսոңһӦøԼΣҪһȥΪ羡 
Ҫ¬¡ 
ŮϵĹһֱܲȶսһٴλԾ鷳ʹˡ 
յĽܸ͡оܻбҪ¬¡ⷽ浹һֱǸˡһѡ˺ޱա 
ٱʱսһոµľ޽ҡ 
͸츳ܺãǿʼѧϰʱѾ̫޷һͬ谭Ľί૵ĹΪѽͬϵƣעĴƯĽ˳ȥԼҵɡ 
һҶʮꡣ 
ػҪ֮ٵʱġ 
Ҿ벻ǰʲôڵȴҡ 
ڶ 
նҵĹ硣ҶʮΪֹҵһʱȹǵһ̤ʱȴеǳİ 
ʱ䣬Ҽȫһˡ˵ƺҵĹ硣 
֪ˣͬն˵ҵ˾ͬϵƣעĴƯҲһϵĹ硣˫̤֮ҵļҡ 
ڻصնĵһϣסһСùΪսĲһƬʵ󡣿ⲻϢվùݶ¥ĴڿȥܿԶķ档Ǧܲʹƽ£кɫѻ 
ҹСꡣڻ谵ĵƹ³˼򵥴ֲڵͺһص䣬ڴϿʼеĴʱɵϰߡҵľ񽥽һƬƽ͵ĺڰ֮Уȥ綼뿪ϲ־Ե 
ǺܿҾͲ׽һ˿ϢȻûɱ⣬Ȼҹвʶˮ棬۾պÿһӰݵشӴ﷭ 
ۣݸߣɫĳ¡Ҳִġ 
ˡ 
ֳڴߵĴ󽣣ָšͬʱһصĶСҲ׼ҵؿڡ 
ϵǹ˹õ޴ 
ֻҪָһͿ԰ѵͽҵţҲֻҪһۣһ̴ࡣ 
ͷߣһյ綹羲ȼţʱԾһ¡Һ˶Ҳ֪ȿˣ 
ûж⡣ 
ҿ۾۾ͬ峺ͷëµڵס 
ûж⣬͸Ž˵˵Ǵ۾ȷʵɱ˫֣쿪ƣǰǹͲУȻظһ飺 
ûж⡣ 
ҷ½ָŷӣ 
ºĵһ仰ҺܳԾ 
ǲǽа 
ҳϡ 
ĵڶ仰Ҿȡ 
¬ 
ҷʣʲôˣ 
Ѹëµ¶һӢףеľ֮С 
ҵĴǡԡ֯һܣܸ㡣ҵĴųƺҡ˵ͬ飬͡ɳǰ⸽ĵطʧˡϱһνӴ֮У㡣 
ˡֱ˵˵Եɫ䣺ǵԤ֮УұҪ¬ϵĹ 
Ҳ㡣ҵսûжԾֲƽʵΪʲô 
¬һˣһģԼ˺־ˡ˵ǵĹߣ 
Եͷ֪Ҳ⡣˺һ˵ǷǳʱڣǱ¬ϵ㽫ҡ 
ңվڱ˹֮¬ô 
Ҳƭ㡣˵Ѿϵúܽˡȡع֮ 
¬ҵѣǶҶԺҪˡ˵ңύ𣿡 
ԳĬӣȻ˵ᡣ 
ܺá˵ҵĴҲһ 
ܲԸûа취Ҳֻǿ˵ˡԵȻû˿Ѿ̧룬ҸհѴ󽣵Ľǰǿײ棬һ𻨡 
ȻҲǹ졣ž಻ϵһʮǹҰѴ󽣺صĽͬ糵һ㣬ӵҿȥʮǹ֮ʮǹСľ˫ǹĶ֣һʱҾȫûл̷֣֮ǹֻӵÿʮǹдԼͣ١ 
룬Ѿ㹻ҰһԵĵʮǹ˲䣬Һὣǰǰ 
ƾ 
صĽԹȻٴοǹֻ˫־ǹǰǿסУȻ޷ֵҵȫͻײµķѣȻľǽ 
ǽ飬ľʯҷУһͬɳùݵĶ¥ˮҹ£ˮ׹ȥȫڿԶһ£ϵصĵطһֱȥĳˮһɫâ·ٵԲһ㿪صһ̣ǽͬʱҵҲأʪĵͬ޴һ𶯣ݵӵϵ̤˫ۣпͬˮһ谭ش¶ն䡣 
ԸóĶ֣õķ򣬴 
ԵֳϵĺãȻǼ䲻ݷ˲ֵǹҵĽԼм䣬ֶվһǹұܵһͷһʹͬʱΪһ㣬ûȫԽһ֮һȻڵϣɫѾúܰˡ 
ǿҿӮ㡣һ̹֮׵˵ЦˣѵΪܴӮңҾͻ¬ĸ𣿡 
̾˿˵ʱǿԳΪѡڣǹֵ巢ģһҪ¬ȥġ 
ЦЦԺʵˡ 
˫ƽ٣ǹɶң¬ǶжҪ𣿡 
ֽսн䱸㱾ףôƴӣҲһɡ 
˫ɫ۾һգգؿң˺ܾãȻ˫ۣ͵ΪֹҲġҲ¬ĸ顣Ȼһ˵ǧǧ˵Ҹȣأϣúһ롣 
ˮϣ˳ҵպֱȥ 
˳ҵĽȥ 
¬һ˵ǧǧ˵ҸȣĸҪ 
Ҷԣ˼ġ¬ȻҪЩزʶҪöࡣ¬ԼأԥΪЩ˶Լ¬κ˶ҪΪˣҲŸҪ߾ȫر˺ 
˵ҸɣӦԼȡʲôȨһŮΪ 
ǵҸɶ 
ûлشңӿڴͳһ̣һ֧Ȼֻһȼͷҹ𲻶˺ܾã˵ǵġûκȨҪΪǶΪҵͬǣԸκ˽ΪУҲϧ 
ƽᶨһǰ 
û˵û˵һˣʵڲ˵ǴġˣȻҪվ˵ΪԼͬǡǾͬҾЭҾύ¬ҾҪ¬ܵκ˺ 
ֻܸȻұɱ㡣˵޹ء 
Ի³һ˵һϣ 
Ȼǹ 
һ̳ͦصĽƿնȥûκ谭ֱ̽Եؿڡ



ڶ2

       ʶҴˡ ӵҵĶ߷ɹղŵĽ֣˽Եǹ־ƫġ 
Զĵط׹ڵϵһعͷͿڱʮԶĵطһȫڵİ򸩷ڵϣȻǸմϵġﻹһѳԿǹУҵĺѾһ֧ 
ԵѪ˳ŽϵѪ絽ҵϣ絽ҵϣȡұס˫硣ԿңɫøףҰסѵشϢţǿ¶һЦݣ㡭ˡ 
˵仰Ͱͷҵļϻ˹ȥסȥι쵰 
ǧ 
Ұϰ뱧ذŪùůĻߣԾһʵĵϡǰ˿ںж߹ǣعҲơص˿ںܴѪȪˮһӿȻҲҩҩ۸һȥϾͱѪȪ忪 
ǰɣұĶɱġҵĽ£ұؽû 
ùݵϰǸʮˣҲսĹϵԴƺо顣ҽѺûжʣһԵƺֱ˳һۡ׼翾õġҩ۲һͿԵ˿ϣʱֹס˴Ѫ֮ǰѪѾ̫ˡϰҰѻŪһЩԱ£Լͳȥҽˡ 
ʥְ᷽ܶ࣬սʱڣϵʥְ߶ȥǰˡ⻰Ҳ׼ȷսչֵزնʵѾǰˡȻ޵Ժ˼꣬ȻһֱԼϰʥְߵЩɨ֮ȫʥ˿ڡ 
ֻܰѻյģҽ 
ҽܿˡڼԵ˿ںüëһ 
鷳˺ܾãҽ°ϵɽôһ䡣ҵһ 
˵˷ΣѪѪѹࡣóȻѪĻпܻڳѪҪѪʱ仺ҩرѪЧҩܾҩͲ࣬ǰʱֶǰˡ 
Сͷ˽ۣ֮ҲҪҩģ˾ûˡ 
ʲôҩǿһץס½ĳ嶯þƽʡ 
ӫèĹĩţͷ˵ࡣҽ˵ȻҪܴ󣬵սʱɭﵽаĶ 
Ļû˵꣬ѾŽ˳ȥ 
Ѿܾû߽ƬźնĴˡҵļУƬ֮ɭĴǸƽĵطȻڣ߳ÿһΣաҲǸһǹɱİսɱ˶ԷһɣȾ档 
󡣵һǰͷĶñ¡ȻˮͷϺܲҲöñҵĸ֪ʱһܻҪ˵ϺҶͿ֦ˮݣѥ淢 
ֻʱ䡣 
졣 
ʱͣ¡ɭĿ¡һһԿĵطѾʪ͸ĶšɣȻһѻ𡣾һҹˮĿ֦Ѿʪ͸ֻҼɣøٰѿ֦ڻԱߣǿɺͶСڻѱߣһ߿һ߾ǰǼţͷ˾λáǼ̫ңԶҵֺңôҲ벻ûϵȲѵĻҾȥһܴţͷ˾䣬ҵ 
ҺȻΪԼ뷨еġЩţͷ˲ûзκҾҪȥɱǡ˵ԼôɣȻţͷ˵ĽǶ˵Ҿһ۲۵Ĺ֣һаıͽ 
Ե¬µ飬ǲҲйһ뷨ǱǶˣһУҲŷɵɡ 
ԣʲôȨȥ¬ԼʲôȨȥţͷ˺èȥҽɱ޹ѵҿ 
޷شԼ 
šüë˼ʱһ΢ĸоҵע⡣ 
ûûζҲκ춯յĽ̵£ѾһĶΣյԤСұһеˡָо·һ̣ҵĺһ£ңвļһڰпӡ 
һأþԷŵĶվȻȫ⣬ٱ 
ʲôˣ 
ܵĲݴ߳ 
顣ʮ͹䵶һԲ߳ΧڵСͳһʽƤӦǰһЩƤڵļһСʵһ۾ҡ 
ûж⡣˵ûеõӦȻսֳ̬䵶СұƽЩȻѵأϹܳʱ䡣ǵĲȫһ£ҲͬһµĶܸΧס˺ܴѹ 
սҲɱ㣬ɱҡһ࣬ЯҪɱңЩɾ㹻ˡ 
޷ܣսƽһӣס󽣵Ľʣƽţ£սԶ뻤ֵһˣĬĬԷľ롣 
ԷʮˣһеĻҾûеڶλᡣ 
ĳߣҪһЧĻҪߵȡ 
߰ľ룬ҲǶԷԽնɱڵµľ롣ʱһ˿ԥͳɣ͵ڰԼϡ 
ǾңԼߡ 
ұ۾ĬһƬ 
߰롣 
߾ 
ĳߡ 
γ飬һġ 
߰롣 
εն 
νն滯һ⣬߻һԼһɵԲΡ 
ȡĿʺʺȻСǸ 
Ȼһ˲仮ŸʺŹѪȪƬ֮գֱߵ䲻ݷɲǾٵסһȻεնն켣ϵĿ꼸ͬʱнϾϸ΢Ⱥ֮ 
һ 
ʱһѾйʮ֮ţҲһ˲ʱ䡣 
ܷӦһ˲䡣ҲԾһ˲䡣 
ٵһ䵶ѣ̶̵һѾ㹻ˡĶѸãˢһû˸߸ߵĲݴСὣ׷ȥžʬұˢˢصȥûȥһۡ 
ұ׷ 
УһʮΣյġĵȻѣймʱڰһӡ 
ͬ飬Ǿ͸Σա 
ҺƽԹ޳𣬵һҪɱսʴûд֮ʱҸȥɱ֮һ᲻Ϊ¶ڡֹͷѶϵĻһɴֱԼĨ˲ӱȽϸɴЩ 
ὣأһǰ֦٣һֱ׷Ĵʵ̫ܣкüҶЩʧȥټҺҪֻ߱ܣǲܵģһһֱסλá 
ͶĺôʼֳƣȥԴԴӿ׷ԼһСʱǼһͣ 
ҲòȥٺõïܵпһСʱҲܲˡ 
عͷһֳһŴö񶾳޵鿴ҡ۾ˮʹҵ˫ĿҲգۡ 
֮ľ볬һɣⳬҵ󹥻Χ 
ڣ˵ 
ǿ 
ûлشѾɱһ˵̫ĻǺɱġ 
ȻЦЦһЦݣȻתܡ׷ȥǸתҾͣ˽Ų 
ǰһƬȻֵĿأʮͼˡ 
Ӫأ 
һֱ׷İڼֲסڵϣ֧ſڴڵشȫЦݡ 
ΪڿԻȥˡ 
ԼʮƤ׵İ뻡ſеĳ£Ĵ㶾ҡ 
ҲԶ£ëһǵļա 
Ҳ֪ЩƤڵļһô׼Ӳ֮͵ģҲǱ׷쵰˵ʱҲ֪ķźţ 
ôˡ



ڶ3

       һɫİڹֺ档һ㰵ҪߴЩϴŵĲƤףбɫ´ɻװεɫؼסȥƺδЯ˱һѳʵ޷ݵķâơ ң˵Ƿ²ˡ 
Ҫ½ô 
½һᱻҼһֻ⬡Ƿ½Ҿ͸ûлᡣ 
һǷ˽ 
ҲֻڻֻҪţлᡣ 
ܺá˫־߹ˣǰ˵ĻʿŤסҵĸ첲ҷúɫĲסҵ۾ұһ·ż汻һƣڵϡ 
ðɣҾɥذοԼһţҲûбһ٣ûбֽϥǡֻҪϵлӳȥڳĵһᣬȻΪ˫۱ڱжѡҲͼжϳΧĻǳ˾Ӫе֮⣬ʲôҲֻЩе㷢ƣƺҸһ㲼ҲӦһ 
Ų߹һ˫ֽ⿪˫۵ĺɫһĮİʿѲųһڴתߡһ£ûãסҵƤǽ͵ģĺܽϵᡣ 
Ǹʿ߳˵ 
ھӡ 
һͦҷתһƯ𷢵꣬һ˫֣ĵϡȥ಻ʮ꣬ȴһòʥְƷƷǰİɫʮּͼѾ𲻿Ǹɸɾġ 
Ĵ磬ǹµشң·ǸʲôϡĶһɶզᱻЩڹץסģ 
ػص 
ɶգգˮɫĴ۾ظһ飺ҽа 
Ŷһһᡣ˼ܸˡٺٵЦţҽ¡˹¡˹&amp;#8226;ǡǹֱľŵʥʿ˵㲻ǰڹ̽ҿڷİɣҿʲôŶ 
ǡӦļһһ´ûп԰ҰǰļһСܿտʲôûУֻҺ¡˹ˡǸרŹѺ²η 
ұڡȥģܳȥֵȥҿԾСҩأ˵ԼСҲǺס 
˵¡˹Į̬ȣʮּغҼڨӵ԰ɣ 
Ȼа취 
˵أҪа취ֻһ˿¡˹˵žȻëһһһ߿۾ŽĹ⣺ʵɣҲĻʳͦõģٶ⡭ 
ҪʲôСһĻЦҺȻеĻš¡˹Цţ¶ѩ׵ݣҸ㿪ЦءֻһˣҵȻܲΪûҧԼϵɶתȥ 
Ҳе¡˹ȵĺ絽ҵϡĴϢͼѵľ׽˺ܾãҵȻһɡ 
ɵϰһû²Ҳû¡˹ƣЦ˵һͷѾѣҲϵѪҺȻеĳĽ䱻һ£ɵȥϵѪۡ¡˹һһ㣬ЦҪɶҿûðֻȨ֮ưˣɰ󣡡



ڶ4

       ıĻҪҲ˺ܴŽ⿪治֪¡˹ôֻ͵ţƤӲҧϵġ¡˹վڸ㶨ˡԴڹҰҾһֱٹһ˽ΰ֮һͦչ˵ 㱻ˣ 
˰ɡһǲͣػӪء˵ŶȻǰȴһֱڱǵĲսҡ¡˹¶һҲֱ飺ƺѰʲôӡ 
˵öԡ 
ҵһľֱȥǰ׷ˡϵĲһƣǴɫؼ׺ɫİ齫߽ 
㣬ô˲𡣡 
ƽͣŭҲɥǳһʵѡҿַŭ־ɥһ濪ʼͱһסֵضûУҵرе޵ѸҲǿ¡˹ŵʵ֡ҸһŪϾͱץʵջ߬ȭͷ׺ݵؿ齫ҡҡͷ㲻ˣûж⡣ 
ûж⡣չʾϻδȥٺۣýߵϵţƤ齫ɱҾ¡ 
Ϊǲɷ˵Ҫɵң˵ 
ӦǸᡣ齫˵ǰ㵱һˡǸղҼĽϴˡ 
㻹ʲôҶһ䣬齫϶ϴﲻ 
ûʶˡ齫Ƭ̣˵ﲻ˵ĵطҵӪȥҿҪ 
ҿ¡˹һۣһҲˮ۾ҡ֣Ҫһȥ 
齫ͬ⣺á 
߳ӪʣӪ鶼Į۹⿴ҡǵ飬Ͼɱǵͬ顣齫ӪʿȥûʲôͬʩҲܼӣһоһ׼ܣһŰиϯضһƤֽڡǽ̧ͷһۡ 
Ǹӡ 
ҵһ˲䣬סˡ 
Ҳסˡ 
һӱѰײҲû⡣Ҳȼˣô㣡 
齫ʶ 
Ȼ˿غһڵصİ嵽ǰֽסҵ֡ 
Ҳ֮˰ɡҸпǧ˵ϴηֱڣʱʵǹ̫áǶιͬѾǰѱ˴˵Լֵһ 
Ȼʦľѣǻͺ˵ˡ齫˿˵ᰴһӣϻˣɲӰȥþУаҲҪһݣ



ڶ5

       ץץͷƤΪѵصûʱȾư Իùء 
Ҽ򵥵ؽһԵ飬齫ɲӰᰶһۣᰵҸһȥϸ·Ϻ˵ 
Ҫҩģϲ⡣ЦЦûУһ¡˹ļ 
ŶһﲻǸʥʿôʥʿھ˶Ƶİ 
ɲӰ˽ҵĳȻ᰼ͬɲӰ˼䣬Ǿ̳ϡ·ϣ᰸ҷֱ⼸ļ 
ص֮ҾͿʼѧϰıȽ츳Խĺܿ졣 
츳ҲΪҺᰡ¬н츳֮ˡףֻҪʴˣնްһּǵѪУڹУ;СǹϵӡֻԱκãӡԶҲ޷ġֱһһ˾ѾעҪΪսעս֮Сǿѡһ޷ܾһ޷ɢ䡣 
Ƕս֮ļƷ 
ǰһɲӰ 
ǰ黹ûпʼĵطɣɻʵ 
ɲӰǰ顣Цˡ 
ôǸڹ¡˹졣ҡҡͷķɫȾġΪ˸õĺͰһʱΪ˼ΣȻӵʦᰲû˵ĽɲӰʦʤӦúˡ 
Ĳӣô鲿ӵĽ죿 
Ƕʱ֮ǰͰ黹ͬ˰ɡ˵쵼ĲȻڰһ֧رĻಿӣսϺ͵ԿģһԲС飬ר׷һЩΣ 
Ҫ׷ʲôˣʡ 
һصļһ¡˹ӹͷǸΣյˡΪõĴ󽣺õĿ࣬ŻЩڹİɡ 
ô֪ģ¡˹¡˹ʼ򣺡ҵ¡ֻڲݵǼһˣһΣȺڹ˵ͬıץˡ 
ЦЦֱ˵ͺˡ 
˵˰¡˹죺ǵŲаһҧѣôáҿûɱǵˡʥʿʥʿҲдô 
˵ûʼԹ¡˹תңһôã˸һôŮ𣿡 
ҴͷŮǰɱˡ 
ᰳĬˡ 
޵ԺҲʱٵˡGSD˵ᰴҵĻGSDʶGSD 
šô 
˼Ƭ̣˵ܲȷ鱨֤Ҫ׷أܿGSDʲôϵ 
 



ڶ6

       ˵ѾܾûGSdϢˡԴǰֱһʼżдŹԺͺѶҲ͸ʦĹϵħϵҲ֪GSD١GSDȺͼҲӴʧ١ ܻڱ˿ɱɡھưɵһսȷʵĶǡ˿ʵȻǿȻһһܺռGSDϷ磬־;Ҫ˵һʱܻŮΣħŮ 
᰽ͣغGSDһǰޡǵ鱨Ѿ֤ʵǰҲħŵĳԱ 
¡˹ʳǸҲҪʵ⣺أʲôأҼģǸŵء 
˵ǺħеһܳԱ˿ִɱ˿ĵܵܡ˵ȻһΪӱܿ׷ɱܵ˰أ˰ഫıѪɱ˼ҳԱ 
ǻһΣշء¡˹ƲƲ졣Ȼǰȥֵشǿɶ 
һֻҰáѾˡ 
ɭӲ֡ҲҲ֡ 
ֵֻӵ 
ָһӵʬ塣 
䣬Ӳʪëϻ˪ 
ֻǶġ 
ǳġȻǺȣǾ䵽ܰҰö˼ʱ򣬺Ȼһȡ˵Ǵȣ˵ǡ⡱ʰɣǸŮɤ 
ǿУ 
ıҾһʡһ¡˹Աһ㿪һӰѸ۵ղŶŵĵطغŷʱĹ켣˻ȥҵҲֻǿƺһֻСè 
̧ͷҾͿֻСèˡ 
һ˲䣬ֻúҪͣͣһӶֲֿĸо־ǿ޷ֿ 
ȣ 
ǺܿҾͷǱȡͱȳʵ̫ˡһѩ׵ͷСŮòϸֱܿ𡣱ȴǺɫĽƤףһˮɫпɰĿɳۣȵ۾ǽɫģŮ۾ȴɫǰŮȴЦ⡪һŭ壻󣬱ȵƮŵһ˽ɫȴкһǳɫ˳ȣͷһֻ΢Цè 
ιС㣬ǡ¡˹˫ҡҪͣŮȴһ˳ޣҪС͵ƭӣǿУ 
˵һ죬ƽţĴѸһٺɫĻ档ʹôԶҶܸе濾ҵŻ֮УֳһЦʥϹͷ 
Ͱǰһơ 
ΣգҴһ 
¡һȼŵϹϿȻ޴Ȼ׼ͷмɹȥһŴըǿŲ˵ڣУҶǰͷǵô˸С֮ˡ 
Ůһ࣬Ҳ֡Ҳû˵óʲôŹֵȻŮһģȦһ졣аһãѾۡһ޳ 
۸ˣء 
а¡˹ȽóС򽻵Ĩͷϵĺ飬ε˵һֱڶǳְɡ 
۸ңء 
ǸԼа 
۸ңء 
¡˹˾ţ֮ŽǲҪҲֻĿӡ 
ߣСĨĨ۾Ĺĵ˵ҪǱҲڣûˣ۸һûûߣ 
Ȼͱйϵ 
æʵʶȣ֪Ķô 
С˫һɨһۣҵȻʶųˡһ̩˽ 
ųˣĪҲǡ 
СҾħŵϯԪʦжҲ 
ҲĨһ亹ͬħŵĸ߼Աλж˺ͱҲ̫˰ɡ 
 



ڶ7

       ôħŵˣնΪʲôأʡжӺһءܣܸǣ ¡˹ЦЦû´ĻӦǺᰴһΪ׷زİɣ 
жһӵԲ˫ͲСĴ۾ô֪ģ 
¡˹ٺٻЦţѲ°ɡ鱨ָǼһĿǰӦ⸽ħŵĸ߲ɲܲΪ˽Ρ˵Լһ׷ǼһΣء 
һˡ 
仰Ƕһ˵Ȼվ󣬶һֱǵĶԻعͷҿһȫɫеӾվ߸ס룬ȫֻܿһ˫۾ 
ʱվ˶ãҾȻȫûв 
ң᰺¡˹ҲûзȻһˡûһ˿һ˵Ϣûз 
վλãҵĺ󱳲ʮԶǵ˵Ļֱ롣 
жг˵֣ʲôʱģ 
һˡ˵ܵͣܳơ 
Ϳ۸Ұжô˵أǡɡǿѹûֵͳƵʵҲΪ׷أƬ𣿡 
ᰵͷҺ¡˹һҡͷ 
˫۴ӶñµӰעᰣ˼Ӻ˵ǸҵġǲҪ 
ȻתߡжһϵӣҲ˹ȥкͰǶԭط 
˵¡˹ԴЦЦ߰ɣħŵ˶Ƣܹ֡ 
ĵĴֳʪȣҹʪԵڣȻ޷͸ͷï֦ܵҶҲûһ˿硣һȻٵĻаһӰȴͷ 
أҲƬɭܲǾҪĺáԻͦأǧ 
һʼ¡˹˵ЦҲ¸˵⼸ľǺˣֻͷ·ʪճܼˡССĲ죬нٶһ㶼û˰ʱ֣Χľ￪ʼϤڣƹһƬľ֮ǿӡ 
üüɣԣͦסˣ 
¡˹֣ԽԽ죬̲ס 
ɶɶҰ¡˹鲻ԸؽţҲŲֱùݡ 
ùϰûڹ̨ϣҲûܣ¡˹ֱ϶¥ҵķ䡣ߵſͣһ£ȶһºȻš 
ǹڶסҵţҲ˼ֱڸ޲õǽϡ˴ǰǹʼղҵš 
ǴԵˣԲԡ 
˼˵ƽҲߵˣ߳ͷźͬһʽĳ£ɫīԺɼˣɱǹͷһ 
ҴðɣҴ˵һҶ 
ҿóһġ 
ֻǲǣ˵絶 
ǡǡ 
ܺãȥɣ 
ʲôǲ˵ô¡˹һĪ 
嶼˶ݺݵ˵ 
Ȼ۶˰



ڶ8

       ڻµʱ򣬳õʡϾ˾һУҸĻĻʹ벻ҡһֽ֡ʵ֮вûСĴڡҪȥһҪΰסߵÿһᡣ Ҳеġǲҡȷ˵ 
ʱûнҺ¡˹Ѿ˺ܾˡ 
˿۶ͬʱһӲһ¶ϽǹӵҵͷƤ컨塣 
ץסᡣ 
νʵСĻҲҰγֻܵתýβصײظ֮䡣ΪҪƽ󽣳صĽѽĩһص飬һײ֮ش˵֮Զҵ󣬾Ȼһ֮һС㿪ұΪеһȻһֻҲһǹ˫۽棬ǹڷƽȫƾ豾ܽǰһᣬֻ顱һĴ죬һɾ޴ĳײڽϡǱǽڡһ֮ԽƷڵء 
ȻĽȻϾǶơֻǿסؿڣͷ͸һľʹѾеˡΪոһ˵ǹӵأҼҲѪ 
ʱ¡˹Ȼһһס˵ͷס򢣬һ򷿼ȥȻײǽϡ˴һ̧ϥǺݺݶ¡˹ϡСƺһڵأɫ࣬һϰߵ浹ڵϣȻǰһһ̤ס¡˹ؿڣ˫־ǹ׼ࡣ 
ûܿǹᰵĳѾѹסĺҵĳƽǹں¡˹֮䡣 
̫ˣҲ̫ˣǣ˿ڣʹѪӶͷ˳űǣ̡ᰵҺãõģұشࡣ 
еĵһ˿ 
šڣҿ˵ûҪ 
˴Ｗһ仰һɱ㣡 
ҲҧгݵصŲɱ㣡 
¡˹ڵϣ˵ѽ̧̧Ҫˡ 
ᰵһ̧ţ 
˺ݺݵصѵÿȻҲ 
ҴŭŲҿȣ 
ˣ㽣һҾһǹСӣ 
ᰣҪ۸ɴɱˣ 
æеǧ𣡡 
Եͬ飬ҿɲɱ 
ȴɱҡҺ϶ˣȥǼֲ˶õġҸеǰʼڵʱ˺Ȼ̧ţȻؾ˫֣ǹڵذϡ 
Բһ˿ƣҸղš̫嶯ˡ 
еò׼ǲĹơ¡˹վһһǹ߿Ҳֱغ 
ã븹ӵƺû˼ࡣҲ𵶣³һڷۺɫĭ˫Ȼˡ 
ղֵöܴ󣬵ڴϵȻ˫ĿգԲѡ 
ҡԺҾֵһӣûԼ˴ͷ 
¬˺˺˾ǰҲ侲 
˵Ǹûá˵Сӣʥְ߰ɣϡһƨڵذϣºͼͷ˿ڻѪ¡˹ģ˸һȻᣬ˺üβŵȺȻʼΪ˿ڣҡ 
ڷŭ֮»ˣҸᰵȻѪܶ࣬Ƕ򵥴֮¡˹ȥԵơһȳһյ¥ȥõϰ壬Һһĵؿ¡˹ı飬Ȼ˵ԲѾˡ֮Ļ 
һᣬ¡˹̧ͷ 
û̫İաֻܾΪˡ 
¡˹ʼΪʩȵʱ˸ݡ 
ҵֽɳᡣܷͬ֯Ҳ͸¶ǵ飬Ҳ㣬֪̫ûкô 
롣ԥһ£Ǿ룬ǵķҵΣҲ¬κβҡԸԵѣҾκ˺¬ 
ɳƣЦЦڡõѡɱǣȻҵ¬硣ȻԣȴûɱΪơβֵܶ顣ҪԿͿıҪй 
ʱһŭݵùϰˡ֪ɳ˵֮ȻŭѵùùϰκĺͲӼһھƽܷ֯ǮɳͳһĽ֮ϰɫͺÿˡ 
˵¬֮ԴһȻң¬ԼԸΪ˰˶԰ɣ 
ҵͷ 
ɳ᣺˵ʹùôʹ÷ 
ɳԥһ£ðɣһΡⱾ֯ĻܡңԶĹȥǵȱΪ˶ԿͿΪǲӡľ޴󻯻еսͽĳǼӲȫ֮ǰͱͿ֣ӡһԪռ֮СȻĻеʦҲͨͨԪϱڣȻʹõԴޣ˱ܻԪϱͷšǲӡ 
ᰵıң˵¬ϵĹѺΪ޴󣬵ȻԱٶȷӡ԰ɣ 
һʵ˵ 
˵αһҪ¬ֱۣԸɳĻȥͷŹ֮ǲ֮ټԷӡͳˣ 
ɳҡҡͷ̫ˡǲҪʮ־޴ҪȫͷųôĸҲӱûˡ 
ᰴԣô֪ܱɱ¬Ҫǿɣ 
ʱһֱæ¡˹̾һ 
һůĻɫâȥȻתһµؿǡ 
Ѿˡ 
ҸеɳԵһɫ˲Ļɷס



ڶ9

       µĵ·ʧˣڵ޵Ԩҵص׹ȥ ұϾɱ 
ҲʲôȱˣҲȡ˵ԱɱʵȻҵ޷ܵġ 
γΧһжƬûôΪҿסԼĳ嶯ʱһᡪΪһ 
ûˮ 
仰ͺһâʱ˰ĺڰҵ˫̤˼ʵĵϡø첲Ȼ󿴵ǡ 
ôҲ 
㣡һȥǺݺݸ¡˹һȭȻһѾס졣¡˹ʹ죬ЦЦ 
ȻѾˣͿ϶û 
ɳ촽ֱ£˰ɤӵ㡭ԺٿЦҸղŲһǹ֪֪ 
֪֪ûĬеļһûûصġ¡˹ץ֣˻˻شǳԼļеⲻȥǰѵʲôĬУ죬ҲЦ 
Եָ൱죬˵ڶ磬Ϳ߶ˡҿʼ¡˹Ŀ࿴Ҫ֪͵ʱ˰˿ڶֱء֮¡˹Ϊ˼ΣʱԿѾûдˡ 
緹Һɳõݶɹ̫ 
ϲ硣ֻԺڱ̫ɹůƬϣľɫûôɵġ 
ͿʲôĶ֣ʡԴӻͳ̣ɳᰴס֡ 
ؿڣպã̡ܳ 
ЦЦҲţҾ͵šͿźܲϰ߰ 
̵ǣ˫ۿգͿ˵ǵھŸʹͽΪĳЩԭ磬˵ʱˡʱֱڣҵ˾һֱűū۵ǲϵˣūͺͿױпᣬûͬ飬ǿаͳߡ 
̾һǶôãô㽰Ϊ˵õɣѾѪĴۡǰͿʵ̫ǿˡҲ¬һĻᡣ 
ת鿴ңϣ˵ڲ˺ͷŹ֮вͨΪҵˣʲôµ 
ҴֻҪ˺¬Ҿԭ㡣 
΢Цһ£ô֮ɱҡҲԹġ 
һֱĬɳῪڵǳȥɡ 
ûлش 
ҴϿɲԺҵʵ޷ȷһ¬˷⣬ֽܷ֡ 
ġʱҸ޷ʧȥ¬ǲǻȥڣѾʧȥһǻˡ 
ĹѧУһ˼롣Ϊһ˶ֻǹͣӵеһжݽȥʱʲôߣһнҪ黹 
һĬȥݵƽ֮£ӿ˲Ķ޷׼ȷĲ׽סָоȴԿ϶ֲĴڡ 
һֱ˽ȥڣԴšɳЦЦȴ˰Ϳ֮˽綨 
ҲЦˣǰһӭ 
ôأɳ᣺ʤ֮ʲô㣿 
ɳ̧ͷű峺գĬ˺ܾãȻ˵ 
룬ǸʱӦѾսˡ 
 



ڶ10

       ƽֻжԼĿ꼫Ϊᶨұб֮ĵ˲Żƽ̸ΪԼյĹѾη壬Һɻ ԼʲôΪʤ˻᲻ϧһСĿԷĵذ¬ 
˵Լɻⲻܲֱ˵ȽϺáɳƽ˵Ҳ˵ǲܳŵһ֤ǸŮȫҿԱ֤ˣһ 
һ˵ʲô¬ҲɱһǧΡԸ⽫ѣ¬޿ȡġ 
ǰ¬ɱˡҲԺɳĻ飬ǲҲԺɳһΪԼ˵ĽŶϧһУǵġΪҳ¬ϧֹģĻҡҲǺԣɳһ¸Ҷ߹飬Ѿˡڻʱǻ߲ûҪɱҡǵʵɳӽĻ൱ӽľµذһǹһʱͿˣֻǰһС˰̡ǹǸֻԲСӵһǹҪҵ 
Ȼ¬ɱǡ 
ҸԼ¬ɱǵģ¬κ˶Ҫȥ˺ˡɱ˵¬ϵĹ񣬶Լֲ¬ġֻǳԼеĺ 
룬ĿҲôôߣֻԼƭԼ 
Խгҵ֣ʲôأһࡣ 
˵Լ뷨Цˣ˵һܻһЩ¡֮ķֱڶԴµ̬ȡе˻ƭԼѹøˣе˻ᾡֲشĺһأ 
ûлش޷ش 
ǵڶˡɳҵļ磺ǵһˣɱԡֲԼĴҲ¬ֲĹȥ 
¬ûдվҲûд֮ûǷǶԴֻͬ 
ˣһͬѡңҲͬѡ 
Ҵȥ¬¬Ըȥ硣ǲǿķ򡣵ȻҿңԶ棬¬ҵĿⱻ֮佻һû 
û˺ܾŻشңԲ𣬰ϣǲܸκγŵ 
Ǿڶ档ȥ¬ȥӭδ֪ˡ 
ϣùһλˡ 
ϼ£һͣùſڡϵĿ˸˳Ǯ߽ùݵĴšʱһ¥Ĵ 
˸ͷܸߣǺݡȫһñڶܿ·ӣӦһŮˡ 
ҵ£һеŮˣǺעĿġһ̨ۣһ䣬Ҫ¥ϵģҪԴ֡ 
һ˵һŵذѶñƵԺ¶˳һͷ㷢 
ҿסһ˫õɫ۾ 
˫۾ͬʱҡžһıӡ 
˿



ڶ11

       ֻǰһ棬ദʱ仹һСʱ 
ţκμ˿һ۵ˣͲӡ˫ƺɫ۾ 
ʱ֣ײʱɡ 
˿תͷңȻ¶һǳǳ΢Ц߹ 
ǺɰС˧硣һΪءɳԣƺǰҪһЩ 
˵Ҳ֣֪һ׼ŮˣΣҺͼGSDҲӦͬһߵĻ飬Ҷ˿Ѳ⡣ 
ɳᡢԺ¡˹֪ܲŮ˵ͷȴһվְ 
ƺɫ˫˿ 
ŶʶҰ˿۾Ľëšֱϵ͹𣬵ڵ۹ͨҪڶȻû㣬Ǽ춼üĻô᲻ϵã 
С˿Ϊʧصʲô˼Ҳŵڶ 
ó߿ӣӣҪ׽鰸 
˰Сӡ˿ΪȻЦЦֻɣܡ˵һ£˫жǰĺһҲҴġ 
˵ȻѱߵӷȻᰵļ 
ҿóʱ᰾ͬһűĹκ΢ĴĻ仯пȻ֡˿ȴ°һУ᰾ȻҲ͹ԹԵ 
ֻΪ˿Ķ֮¶ɱƣѾȫѹᰵĽơµǣɳᡢԺ¡˹ңֻܸеᰵɱ⣬ȴȫо˿ɱ⡣Ϊ˿ɱⶼ£һϣû˿й 
ǰǿˡǿöࡣ 
Ȼ˿ԼҲһӣ£ùһƬһͿƻһЦǶˡôٷС˧Ͱɣ 
ΪһѾƣʵô 
¡˿ҧһȻһھƳȥʹò;ߵĶǳΪţȻǴҰҲŵġ 
ǰǴΣұҸᣬü䵥ʱû뵽ȦסΪ㣬Ĺͷʣˡ˿߳Ա˵ЦЦңʱҺʲôûɣ 
ǹ˼ߣGSDǸϹһֵĻܲġ 
ȻڻǰһսGSDȷʵһֱûг֡Ϊ˼ҵİΣô 
ô˵Ҳҵľ˰ɡ˿߲ˡͿ⣬ʵ˵ûԶôҪŮˣȫ˸е˼ǣ״̬Ȼ˵ 
Ҷ˼£˺õòʱˡ⼸Ҿһֱǣıӵתû뵽㡣 
ô˵ʣҲ׷㣿GSDأ 
ȻˣǼһۣô׷Źҡ˿һںȸɱľƣָ˿һ첱Ӱʳ̵ֲһţҲѧˣڸGSDħŵӰ룬һҲָɵĻᡣ 
˵ħţҵһħŵˣ⸽Ҳл 
ţ˿á˵˵ңǻһϸϸ˿˵˿ж飬˿üëš 
ж㿴Ǹж۾ģǺģ 
İɣ治ǵж۾ʲôɫˡǿԿ϶Ǻɫ˿۾ƫɫ˺٣ֻҪҾǡ 
ǾͺãҲ鷳ġ˿һڣش޷ȵıãȻȻָŮӣĽͽǡ 
ħ˼ɵˣҲֻĸ˿˵һжá 
ǰɡһһ£λжʵûʲôµġ 
Сˡ˿˵ɫ۾жеãж&amp;#8226;ѩ衣ã׷ĲжеĽ㣬ж&amp;#8226;͡ 
Ǹжôһе㲻šħȻԸȫǸСӣӦúܺöԸɡ 
һԪʦֻܾͨ⡢𡢱ϵϵеһϵſԾͨϵǼûܹͬʱͨϵ˿ҲΡ 
ж&amp;#8226;ѩ辫ͨϵħ 
˿ҡҡͷΨһһͨϵħԪʦ 
ʱҶħȫ˽⡣ֱܾԺҲ֪ϵȫԪʦζʲô 
ǿѹ˿ֻܣҲ˹˼ɡ 
ǸأҲϵͨԪʦ˵仰֪Լ׳һΣ˿ո˵ж&amp;#8226;ѩǡΨһһϵͨԪʦ˿ûЦңֻЦݣǸٻʦ 
ٻʦ 
šˣȻһӦ֪Ϳɣ 
ҵȻ֪ɳ⼸ҶѪ߰ͿСɳԣҺȻ֣Ӹղ𣬲һֱ¡˹ûг 
ע⵽ڣĸһϣ齩Ӳֻ黹תǻš 
Ҳ˴ɣ˵ԵҩģֲƼûиá˿˵ 
ûиãһЩġ˿ͷһ͵ĳ룬۾ʵô㻳ҡʵô 
ҡҡһ亹Ͻתƻ⣺ղ˵ͿͿôˣ 
Ϳƾһ֮ͳ磬еʹͽ֮Уֻھšж&amp;#8226;ͣȴӵٻʹͽ˹ 
˿˵֪꣬ͳССĴƿǰ 
¥˯ȥˡǽҩĨһˡǧ죬Ȼûζܿġ



ڶ12

       ˿̤¥ʱʳǸʡ ˵ħУɵĸǸղֻ˵ 
˿ͣ½ŲҴδЩ飬֪ĻȽҸ 
ƿҩǳɫ΢ķ㡣ڿԻ֮¡˹ץҵĸ첲ʵιιǴ˭Ŷ 
ᰵɫͺܲˡһԲùƿһȵСƿƣȻαҲ֮ǰһУûǿĶ֣ȫûл֮ҿ־ɥΡҲûʲô˿ȻǰѹԵƣȻǱȲϵıȡ 
Եͷ˼Ƭ̣ɳύһɫվ 
ҪȥλŮʿ̸̸ 
˵¥Ҫֹϸһ룬˿ƺҲǲ׼˾ɱŮħͷԸӦòҲûнס¡˹Ȼʲôһ˷ܵضɳιιиⰥ 
ţ˵ 
ղλ˵ǸʲôиٻʹͽȻ֪ʹͽɶȻ˵ǸͿǵھʹͽæĻǿɵشܰͿ𣿡¡˹ɿһ˵ꡣɳЦһ£вͨġ 
ΪʲôʣҲ¡˹Ǹð취ɳȴ붼ͷˡ 
Ҷħ֪Ĳܶ࣬ٻ϶ħһ֣ȷɵġɳͣʵͿҲ֪ǿٻʦͨʹͽǩԼٻʹͽⲢûһǰ̩Ŀپ뿨˹ǩԼΪӦвͿħκħ綼޷ʩչҲΪʲôҪڹԭ򡣹ħ÷ʽħͬЧ 
¡˹ʧ˵ 
ɳ޳ָӣȻ¡˹ 
м𣿡 
иá¡˹˵һ˵áʣСҸ۰顣ӣҵĺȻ鴤һ¡ 
Ҳиá˵Ҳиá 
ɱ 
뵽ǰ¬ɱ˵ʱһԼ¬֣Ϲ񡣵뵽Լʱ֪޷οԼ 
ġɱҵãɱҵĸףɱҵĸס 
ֻԼҸǹΪҲǼֶ֮Ϊ 
ɱԼĹ֮ǣɱԼѪ֮ѪɱеˡҵԶ޷õȥһ죬ɱĳصҲҵ꣬Ͻ޵׵ԨֱԶ 
޷α 
û°ɣɳᷢҵɫãҡҡͷõ͵Լû¡ 
ǰʹ޷ֵģ˵ô 
ɳ˵ҲмˡһһܵܡǰҵĽںͰͿµİʱսˡȻǰ 
ĻҵıøǰΨһĵܵܵ½ִ񡣵һȥûѶ鱨ʾһ¬ 
ҳĬֻгĬ 
ɳվߵұַҼϣҲ¬ȻҪȡʤһҪۡܵܵܵҶһ½ﶼûкøУҲǡΪ֪˭˵֡ 
һҪ򵹰ͿΪԼĳޣΪҵı磬ԼǧǧѾı磬˵ĺݡ 
ԣϣܹӦңңҲеˣͿ 
ûлش 
ʱԴ¥ 
ϴ顣 
ǺǡЦǣλ㻹ˬء 
ʲô˼˵ɶˣ¡˹ʡ 
һԿͿû뵽ϾʹӦˣǸˬʵŮء˳˵ʱһֱ˵᰺ȻһЦԭ½ˡɱûǣ˿Ůҿ֮ԴӦǣֻҪȥħŵ׷ˡ 
ôһͶһɳЦЦ᰻վңҲһȥġ 
㿩ʼ磬ȻңأԸ𣿡 
Ը⡣˵ 
ߣԶٵһҵ



1

        󰡣¬ͷžڿо޴ 
µշתǻص棬¬ȫûԥʹӦԺɳҪᰴ¡˹ص˲Ӧһж˿ȴһֱۣ֡ҵһο˰ķɴ 
ɴͷβİٲϸϣɫվŵǶȿװ壬ܿΦзɫڵˮʰŷ¡ǵĶӯɣƵı֮Եøʻ 
Ǵ˰ķɴ޵мվȻ֮ͨǵĸͿԵˡ 
ܰ۹֮սڼΪҪ˰Դ֮һɴҵȻչǲŲں໹ˣֻҪǮû⡣ 
ֱӳ𣿡 
ܵġɳҽͣķɴħΪǽӽĵطħ޷õĽ磬ɴһΧͻ׹١ҲǰͿ͹ǵֿ֯ķ޷˽ȡðͲ 
ôģѵֱģ¬Ŵ۾ʡЦˣָ߶ˡȴ֮ǵĸߵ絽˽֮һĸ߶ȣȻС޵ġΰɫͽۼأٴ˲͵ɵ˽ 
еͨǰͿǸʲôûô׷ʡɳҡҡͷʲô˶ܹ֮ͨǵĸġͿװ֮۵ճƯڿмӸפӴĲӡваͿǿ³˹кųһ͵Ĺ֮ءֻܾСĵԽϱ֮ϰΣҪת·ˡ 
Ǵ˵ķɴڵڶ賿ųԵǻסõꡣǿնĸۿڣΪնǳǶڵģǷɴҵҪۿڣԽЩģ𽥳˺նսʱڣǵ۹ӻǰĲӣս𲨼˫ͬľطʱԵĺƽ 
һҹҺ¬һͷߵķϣͷǿա 
Ҫȥ𣿡¬῿ҡҵͷҵг˶Īǰ;¬ʱһ᲻֪ؼǿ 
ģҪڣұʱˡ 
󰡡¬˵ȷֻҪĲ֮ʱҲеظеĹ󣬺СĹ֮䣬еһжԵ΢ 
δʲôӵģ죬죬ᷢʲôأ 
Ҳ֪ҳؿͷǹ⣺Ϊ֪ԲҪȥһ 
㻹𣿡¬ʣǰ˵Ļ 
Һ¡δ֪Ŀ־ÿ˶еĿ־塣˵ҪѧԼĿ־壬ӿ־ 
ʱֻڣ̫ˡʵʱҲ 
ܶһҪһ£ԸѪʹĴۣס 
ڵңѾʹĴۡʹ޷ԡңǷйˣֻܸҲйҲǵá 
ΪʧȥԼ֮Ҳʹļ尾 
ôѾô 
Ҳ֪ 
£ĺáҺ¬˵ˣֻһ𣬾ؿգҶֻõ¬ĺһƬΪ¬Ѿ˯˵ʱȴȻ̧һָ㿴 
˳ָķҿһǻҹա 
ţƯ 
ʦ˵ǵˣʧ֮ǰԸôԸһʵ֡ 
̫ˡʲô˵¬ЦȰԸãȻǳʱԸ¡ 
˵־ͳ 
ûм˵ȥ 
ղǻĵطڶǳˣȻǵţĿš 
Ҳ꣬ⲻ꣬еǼͬһλãһʧˣһŲų֡ 
ʲô¬ץҵֱۣҡҡͷ֪Ҳǵһο 
 



2

       ڶ賿ҪǴʱȫڻҶ˿ų֡ ȥˣɳᲢû¶ã֪˿һе㲻˿ںȥ磬֪ܻܲȻҪһЩճ 
ɳû˵ʲô 
ǴҲŷ֣ɴĹģԶԶڵϿҪöࡣװµĴշ㣬ÿһ㶼һɶߣ˿ûֻֽͨȵĸоײǻѹϲǿͷʹԱǵĲҡڼװϻŸ߸ߵĶ¥ȻⲢһ´ΪһĺͬûܹηݵĺʴԲǴջǼװ嶼ԵúɾǼ̵ľƳɵģǼװͲȻŴĴʯذ壡װϺͶ¥ɫɫǴɺɫͷܵþ޴ͭíӹ̡ҹһ£һöíһأҴõíнö 
ĲͬұΪɴúĲġʵϲõ˴íľҲһֺܳصľģҪ˵Щصڽµʯ顣ɴĽ׷ɣ׷̡ҺƣôصļһﵽôģڰٺòҺ̲֮ססһλ鴬Աʳ⡣ 
ԱЦŸ˵ڷɴĺĲλһ޴ᾧֽᾧҲǰճǡ޴ĽᾧṩĸᾧһɿصķħΧǿʱ½ǿȼʱϵľ޷ռ÷ɴܹƶ 
̫ʱ򣬷ɴˡɴϵ˶ܲ˼ѹˡ⿪ᾧΧķħʱҺ¬վڴͷļװϡֻûзеֻǾһ£ֻýһһӳоԡ 
ָоǳ泯ŶպÿĳһΨһһ̫һָо 
ؽԶȥʱҲ׷ɴĴΪν˼ˡּ̣ܸڴϵһְȫС໹ǰ飬Ͼδ뿪´ص塣û̵ּİȫУ۶ôȫ񾭣޷뿪Ŀ־塣 
ӿ¸ӵĸоȤϵľϤİǰҴûǶȿԼһֱĵط˾ռߵĳȻʡ 
˿֪ʱ󡣶˿ҵЩ֡˵ӦGSDͼͬ飬˿ҵĵˡʶ֮УҷΣյŮˣҶ¬ǵڱȵв֮£ҺҲͬĻô 
¬ʱұüǿ˿ʱаȫС 
ʱã¬ҵã˿ҵĽ㡣 
Ҳǣǰʹʣս֮ʱԲҡʼɣһŮˣǼ˵ֶͽô 
һ𼪸ҵԼֲĸоǹɭȻףɫ۾Լ˿ʱǿѹֵķŭȫŤĳĹ֣˸е 
ҹʱ򣬴ͻᵽޡ˿˵ϴ֮ѵǼ񣬻ƽ˳˿񳤿޲ȣĳȻпɵĳ䡣 
֪Ϊ˫ӲµıŮˣȫ¶ 
ޣ˵ܶˣǵʲô¬ʡ˿ַ̧ǰҵļƷ˿һֻ޴ħޣǷǳϵ˵ԴγʱʹˣһֱƯ֮䡣 
жأ 
˵ıһŶ˿ЦЦҲûմӱĴԱ˵ġѧ 
ɴΧľ¿ʼģҲóʪ 
ڽƲ㡣شհɣվĻһϾʪ͸ˡ˿˵ 
ʱ֪ƽտƲʣʵƯڿе˵ŵˮ 
ŷɴߣҲԽԽ󡣵ŵҵʱѾȫƲ㡣ϴһƬ谵ĵƶ 
˰ɣɳ˵ǳ緹ȥ 
ʵ˵ͷһ뿪棬ź˷֮ܵȫ˳Է¡ȻˣҪԵġ˵ǰ¡˹Ҳ˵Ļʳٶ⡱ 
ɴĲвܿûжڡҴϵĳ˿Ͳ࣬󲿷ǻ򷵻޵ġΰɫ̽ͽЩͽǶмⶥñӵĳۣϴűضߡжٻʱܻ 
߽һ˲䣬˿Ȼͣ½Ųҽ󣬲һͷײϡ 
ľ£ܸеȫļⶼȻֻɿ 
ԭҲɰ 
˳Ŀ⿴ȥҿһŲһɫ۵ӣûվֻתͷǡ 
ɡ˵רġ 
ȻǼ񣡣 
 



3

       £ε˺ʾҡ ҵĵˡ 
˿Ҳǡ 
Ҫ˺ƽദ±ԺɳͿͽ⻹Ҫѡۼ˿ֿ̹ǵĺ⣬ڵGSDϧһɱҲҪɵ˿ 
˿ָǿĸԣȻܶԼ 
㲻ǺܻôַϣĳסĹ֣͸ᱡϣȻԿֱϵķڷ⡣Цţɫͫݵϲ죬²ӵأҿôܡ 
˿ҲЦˡ 
ΪʲôҪܣߵ˱Ƚ϶Ŷ 
ɵӣҲܿ˿Ĳ⣬οɳԶɵӡӼ˵һ仰һһҵվ˿ߣ˫ֲڿڴһĹôУǸ㡭ңһҵ֣аɣôֺŮ˻һû£ 
ұѡ 
Ǽ񣬻˿ 
ѡ˰񣬾ζҸɳᣬԣ˿֮ĹϵҪһϡζҪʧȥѡ 
ѡ뼪ΪУζҺGSDħţҵʦվ˶档 
ʱһãҵ··Ǳ͹滮õģҸûѡȨֻ˵Ĺ켣ȥǵĿԼѡԼĵ·ʱҲ֪ѡ޷ѡʹࡣ 
Լѡ񣬾ҪԼѡһ·ĺҶҪԼеٲܽѸˡ 
Ұγ 
ָ򼪸 
Բ𣬼ˡ˵ 
ҵĻ飬ҲҵѣҲ˺ǡ 
ЦЦ 
ϵȫûжżʵľȴȻһķѡվγǰѳɫɵ 
˶ȵؿߣȻһһʶȤߡ 
ֻ 
һˣʱѾסҵжһܹȥ۲ˡ 
һλãȫһĺɫСǰһҿҲһֱһţ·ʲôûзһ㡣 
һڱ뿪ʱҲվûߡȺоۣע⵽ǵ˶뿪Ҳŷ֣źͼʽɫ·ֻս񼪸ĳƮݡ 
ĵָµĵ棬ӵָһ͸ѪӰģ֡Ϥˡ 
ޡ 
Ȼͬɫ·Ǹ˺Ȼ߹Һͼ֮䡣 
ᣬܱһҪСϼꡣŨܵɫһϲ 
δЯ 
񡣡˵ˡ 
ֵطʹù֮սĻ㲻ûӰ쵽ԼᾧķħһʧأǴһһ군ġ 
ȼܶ࣬ǼȴءĻһ˵꣬ĵʹ£޵Ťζ±ʧˡ˶ЦЦ 
˵㡣£Ķְɡ 
ƽͶֻӸλȨ˲Ŷеġ 
ʹγʱ治ɫ˿ȴȻסҵļ 
Ҫ˴򡣡 
Ȼе㷢飬ҴûмΡǰˡƻɱ⣬ԶԶ 
˫֡ 
ҵѾǰˡһɡ㡭¬ 
˿ԥһ£㻹ǵôʹңħУɵĵ˭ 
ͷ 
ˣҪ⵱Ľ 
ҵͷһὣ 
ɣĶ֣ 
ɵعĵʣ˼ֶ˿ɳԣҲ˺˼ 
شϳһһߵĶ̹ƺǽƳɵģƯĻơζǿΪʹõĶ 
ҽء˵˵زùսҴ漪ʶһ¹⽣ 
ˡһ̹һһǳɫĹâɢγһԼߵİ͸Сصֳָֽҵؿڡ 
ܵҾ㲻



4

       κˣԼӦһѵʶʱҶԼҲһĸһһֵĻʹ˿򼪸ҲаյסԷУҲࡣ Ҳ޷סȻ죬ǽǽκνĸԭͨġ 
һֳֽͷ࣬صĹԡЦЦýʽյĵӰɣ 
ûлشֻʾһ¿϶ 
ýǺܳĽֽҪʹսĴͽʽ򵥶ֱӣǺЧܴʽϱҵĽѣǾȻܿҵʦУҲòӦˡԶԶһĽ͡ 
Цݣһ 
ǰʢұܵػӽһϸոոоһǰļһžһʹ 
еĹУҴ󽣵Ľ棬еǰѾ̽ҵؿڡ 
ôܣסһģ 
Ϊʲô˿ʵȻ˼ɵ˿ĵͼɻǿٶϣԶԶءһһľٶȸ޷׽صĽ 
ÿ죬Ĳ˼飡 
һ˺˿ڻľһʱ䣬Ȼܸоʹǹɵ˿ȴϵĿ¾ʹʱҵͷȻѣȻҵʹҵ岻ľҾΡֻƾ־ס 
ѾˡЦ΢ЦԵ΢ЦдԲӺͲм˿ڣûѪȴðһһƵ̡ᵽԼⱻζᵽԼѪҺ·ҲµոɣԼֻǲͣس鴤 
 
¬žĿ޺þеعͷ˿סҪ¬Ȼ¬Ķͣһ˲䣬ҿɫ۾һ˲˿ֲʺɫ 
Ȼһ֣סԼ˿ɨ÷˳ȥ˿һ˺ɳʮԶײڲǽϣӵһ䵽ϡ 
¬Ҫ¬ 
г¬֣侲Ҹ޷ڡɳԲɵ˼ͬʱȡǹȴ֪Ӧ׼˭ 
Ժ𣺡ãɱˡ 
¬һԼֵϡӰһֻеһȵȷӹ¬ѾҺ֮䡣ǰƸʧˣس齣ˣȻһ¬¬ɳȵĹûԼСٴӱ͸Ĺڷ·Ǵһһץصͷ­Ѿȫ¬ֲϧͬھ壬˶ѣٶ֮ľ¿Ҳ㲻һץ 
ܿѪУܿصԴץסȻһ𣬷ɫʱÿݻƣ·ȫѪѾȡؾ£кһСԭҪϸҲһЩǸ 
һ̧֣ڶд¬´̽ȥд·ȫж̴¬󷽴 
¬ 
ҵĺ¬һͳбһѪõɳȥ뿪ص˫֣ѹʧ̹ϡ 
Ѫ¬ 
¬ 
¬תɫҰף˫ֻظɫ 
Բ𡭡 
ҵĻ 
֪һ̳һ̴ҵ壬о಻һ磬˷Ҷڶ͸¬ĸرܿҪҲͨ¬壬ֱ磬Ҷܵ˺Ȼû˼ࡣȻˣȴûһ˼Ҫ 
һ֮ʧȥ׼ͷ£ʹʧȥʶƾҲ׼ȷشжԷࡣʶڶ̶̵һ˲ˡ 
һεմӵذ˿ȥʧȥʶ֮ǰʱ̣žһ졣 
ǹ



5

       ӦòûлԺܾáֻͻȻش󱣻ԵضݿˣֻмӣΪһָʶʱ¬ſϡ̶̵ļһ˺ܶ顣 ԺɳᶼڵϣɳῴƺûˣԵİӶ͸ѪһҪվ·˻һȡ 
ҾȻ޷ƿ¬塣СɵʱȴóޱȣȭͷڣԼҲøأҺܿͲⲢΪΪҺ¬ıˡ 
ҲԶĵط˿һ൱Ʋһ˶ڵϣĳ˲Զĵذϣ˿ֽסؿڣżȡȴŤһֵƣǶϵˡŵɫı֮УԿһǰδòĹӰǶȿףԿǸͶΣϲ˱ǴɢġЩϵ˿۳ɸСһЩĹʸ塣˿ϱСĵطɫȻǱʴˡ 
ʲô¡˿˻ٺЦǹйŶ˿ᾧ 
ǻҪĹ֪ͷųôǿĹ񡣡˿ŭغһЦҵ첲ֶˣ߹ҲնѾûٿƹˡٹһɲͻῪʼʴһʴҵ塭 
ˡ˿ĸ첲һôԶؿͷ֨ѪЦô˵ץסˡ 
ȥֻԽԽ⡣һֱڽ˺ȻվѵǼصĶ¶һͷĳ 
ᾧԼѾȫʧأλڽᾧϷԻе´ö˱˵򼪸˿߹ȥǣڷɴΪʧȥԼڼ֮ء 
״ԴϢšȻѪ죬˵ƺû̫ص˺ᱧ¬Ťͷô 
õĻǻֱײ޵ĶϣɴƬֱӵȥɳЦ˵벻ͨΪʲôʱЦĳ 
õĻԽӹͷǻ޲ֱӴ׶˵ķħ磬ᾧͨʯͷǻɴһȥ 
𣿡˿Цõʵͷ˴еġ޵Ǹ߶ȵȥĻȻǣϸƴһµĻܹʬڣǴ׶ָ߶ȵȥĻǻһˤɱֽһŰɡ 
˿ŭʱ˵Ц𣿿취 
ͷ˵취У㵹ȷſ˰ɡ 
˿ޡһСӣ˵˭Ǵ 
Ƿſ֡ǿƽڵϣ̱ߡϷĵĹâȥɫеĹҲ֮ʧ 
ƭӡ˿һߴһý˼һ£ⲻǻܿƹﲻӿѪĭЦǲΪһҪӵˡ 
ߣ㲻˭Ӳˡ˿˵˼һţˣǲң 
ץ鰸ҵְڡ΢ȥôһᣬҵı⡭ 
Ȼͱ۾ 
ô˿һţˡӻһ£С˵أҺۣ˯һᡣ 
ĵĻΪֹɣҿɲ췢˵Ŵӱ󳶳һѴ󽣡ɵһҲǳɫϲԾϸСĻǣת泯ҵķ˫ָ߾ٳ 
ҿ˫۱һƤס֣ǰ 
GSDҲ֡ 
ĪҲǸäˣ 
һ⣬»ʯͷذѣƿһ޴Ŀնһȥ 
һ˭˿ʵ 
ûΪء۾˵ 
µˡԳֳһŷӣվɳ߹ȥһҲµ˭ˡ 
һ׷ǸˣصǼһ



6

       ȻҲǽʿǶħһоȥ֮󲻾ãҾ͸е忪ʼᡣԼᾧغϵķɴʦĹͬ»ظⳡսʱ̣ܶģҲ󣬵Ǻ⡣ ˶ˣ֪ǱٻĹʴ壬´Ƥ³ѪɳһȻûˣ˫ȶ񾭴Ѿңֻǿ߶ѡ˿ܵʴ˺֮⣬¬һۡ 
أػ¬Ҫû𣬳ѪҲֹܿסˣһֱԲѡǣĹҲʼήɺԡ͹ƤµѪܶˣұͬһ 
һߣ¬ȫһؾȻûҲֻʣ°ʱʱѡ˼߹ǣؽڶ˿ŤѾʣ˺ܾҲ벻ͨ˿ôŤѼĸ첲ġ˿˿ֻǼ򵥵˵һ䡰¡˿ظ֮󣬵һʱ䡰ûա˼ǰѺɫɵ 
Ϊ˫ʧȽϲأֻʱս 
ôʲôȵ֮˵ɡ 
ڣң˿ɳᣬԣΧһԲߡЩܹһ˵Ǹĳ档һֱ˿˿Ȥ˫°ͣż񿴡ɫԽԽǿѹŻʵ㿴ʲô 
˿ûشĻЦŸߵɳ˵㿴һʱ͸ûһ 
ǵͻءߡһڳһӾǲ㡱顣 
Ƿû˿ƺŹ񣺡һʵû 
ȷʵӢӢܲŤ·ʱһһɻضϣصҿǸϹӡ 
ûϵ˿ЦšＷһ仰˿ţһҪ㣡еԹߺ˲˿ǺںУ⻰߰ǰ˵ˣڻǻͦô 
Ǽû˿һЦһ뵽¬ڵӣҵľͺ񱻷̿ϼ尾ɳԿҲܽ 
ʱȷʵ¬ӣ㵽磬Ҳܷɳüͷòȡơ 
̾һַҵļϡ 
ڹұǸоҵתƻĻ᣺ҿǰŮΣաܴʱΪ˱岻зסڶٵУԭˡҲǹȫռĻᡣ¬Ȼڻ֮Уʵʶʶս 
ɳŵʵЦѹ֪ˡúʹǰһǾ־սʤ˹ȫɱˣǾǹ־սʤ 
ҪԶãʡһۣ鸴ӡ 
֪ҲϾѹҲʮꡣΪ͹־սǼ򵥵ô 
ؿˡһһֱɽۻģ֮Уʵǿ˵أֻȥ޶һȺȻˣҲԵָһ·ɡסϵġΰɫ̵Ľڣˣ˵Ǿͨҽ񼼵ˣǲȥæ 
Ժɳύһֿҡҵͷ˵ֻˡĻ飬Ҳȥ 
һ˵أɫֻǵͷû˵ʲô 
ڰʱ֣װϵ 
վڼװϿԿˡ˿˵žվ߳ȥҸųȥ֪Ϊʲô˿ʱһúܰġ 
̧ͷʱǵķɴѾƲϷˡϿȥֻܿһƬɵա 
ģơ 
˿û˵ֳԶһָ˳ָķ򿴹ȥȻһǰδеӿͷ 
˵صľͷǵƽߵĻڿģǡƽߡ 
һĲ񷣬֮ڣͷϷĻɵգ޵ĸ档 
ӴѾļޡ 
⡭ǡ 
ţˡһԱ˵һο 
ҵͷ 
ɴֹͣʼ޵ıԵȥСʱ뿪޵ĶƤ£Ӳ濴ȥ޵ͬһûоͷĸǽɴٶֹ˰Сʱǲſ¸ǽǽͷ 
һƬһ޼ʵƽԭչǰ޵ļ谵ɫԱǸң޵ط̫ԶġﱻΪ硱ǵĸۿھط 
ֹʮӣҵ˫̤޵塣 
 



7

       ǵͷϻֹģĳСΰɫڽ̣Ҵǰһ֪ʶ˿߳ĽҲ֪֮١ȻڵĬĬŵĽɣȴ޵ıϽ˾˵Ľȷ漣 еĹģն£ҪһЩķƫӼࡣ洦ɼ򵥶ŵĵ̡ԺɳǰбȽϤҲǺ˽ΰɫڽ̡Ҳѹ֣ĽֵУͽҲǴסȫĶϴźصߡǶȻǳĳĬʲôǶ򵥵áǡߡǡش𡣵ʱֻǾ˵ֳȷʵжһׯµգȻδ̫һЩ˿ĸ첲ż׵ļа壬ֻ¬ؽڵļغһصָȥΰɫ̽Ѱָȥõ·֮ؾͺǷˡԼĻ˵ΪͨڼȻ˿˵ֻǰϻԸԼһж 
طû𣿡Թҷ˿˵һ㶼û˵ʱȻȫû䣬ȴûϵţøһͨˡ 
طûнͨߣһֽжķͧټһͻĻ˵ġڽᳫΪ󲿷·ֻߵġɳ˵ĵ˻ûȫã·ûʲô⡣ƵظҺͼ󣬲ʱС̸š˿ǵҺͼм䣬Եͦ˷ܡĸܡڵϣпȻڴϵĻᣬʱ䶼ǰԼݲڶ棬Ե 
˿ԥ˺ܾãھʳ⣺Ϊʲô· 
·˿ɨ˼һۣȻң˵ΪʲôΪͨ𣿡 
ҵͷ˿ЦЦǰΪʲôΪ˺֮ǵͨأΪʲôأԳĬһᣬ˵ΪʲôеͷʳȴһҪ̼أΪʲôе͸߸ϣȴӶͱأΪʲôҵܵҵĻﱻʱеȴůķƺͼأ 
ⲻ㷸ɣгкܶ࣬Ƕȥ˵˿ЦȴЦݺ䣺ǰǰҳﷸΪҲԸһǵѹԸһߣҲԸһȥﷸˣ԰ɣ 
ҳϡ˵ҳкܶĲǾԵĹǲڵġ˿ı죬ֻҪԸ⣬Իĺܺá 
ߡ˿ϼ񣺡ȷҿһĺܺãѹͰЩǰһ˶úܺáңҪҲеһԱ԰ɣŶûУҸ㣡֪ûоԵĹǼȻ˶ҲҾͻһ𣿡 
ûСƽĬһᣬȻ˵йһܵܡҲйһܵܡ 
û˲ҵĻڣ˿û˵û˵ҵĵܵܽһϿۺ֢֮ҽҸ׵ְλ˵˹ʼӵһԱ 
һǵ۹߹˿˵̾ϢһȫҵĽκ󲻵һ꣬ͳˡʱƤǰ˹·ʣҵܵΪӳƤش˵ıȻԼΣƤŵ˻Ǳɱˡҵĵ֪ܵشΪ˲ǣˣɱˡ 
˿û˵˵Ϊ˷ĲսΪʲôҪɱƤŵˣ 
˿ΪƤŵʱȥ˹˹ʼǢ̸ҷ֯ϲһ¡Ҳš 
ȻһЦǰÿ˶ԼͺɱƤŵһҲһҪɱΪܸܵΪ˸ҵ㣬ҲϧǩԼΪϧԶħšϧһдҲҪץ㡣 
˿ЦϧúܣѾ군ˡҪɱĻ㻹ܷô 
ͷǵģҪɱҵĻҲֻһ·ֻ֪ȷʵзɱ㲻ɵɡ 
˿ͷȻʵҪɱ㣬ûܹ㡣֪Ϊʲôûжô 
⻰̽Ů˿ǧزĵطɱ˰ 
˿˫ȭҼǵܵܡ¸ҵˡʹǣ¸ҵˡʱұһɱûôºɱûϵġȻѾ˵Ҳ˵֪ĸ磬ҶһֱеܱǸѾ˼ʮˡ 
񵭵˵ʹˣֻҪһлᣬһɱġ 
ܰ쵽ɡô˿˵żӿ˽Ų 
쵽ˡɳָǰһΰĽ˵Ӧþһΰɫڽ̵Ľá 
¬ҽŻŮ¬ĺһƬë 
 



1

        õĴ̺ܿ˹¬ȴ޲ߡ 
ֻһˡ̸źص˵ҿ¬ڽ׵޲ϣôС 
ɳߵ󣺡е㻰Ҫ˵ 
תһʱܵγˮģȻ˺ܶࡣض˵ǸҪˣΪҶԼ˽⣬Ƕһܹͬĵˡ 
ʲô¡˫Ľɫ۾ɳᣬɳرܵӭϼߣ¬ڵκ⡣ϣܹһ֮һȥ硭 
һﻹﰡҰ롣ɳҪˡü룬˿ͬ£Ǹܵɡ 
õġҴӦ㡣˵ 
ʲôһԼǲˡȻӦˣ 
صӻֻڴϡú΢˵񡣡 
ǣߵصĴǰ 
ʲôˣӦʲô飿ÿһ⣬һΡ¬İ˵Ĳᡣ꣬شϵΰɫ̽ãǵѰ練Ϳ˶ĳԱҴӦҪһȥǡ 
ôһΣ˿֮䣬ͣսЭô 
ֻˡ˵֮ܵˣڲ˿Ķ֡ΪİȫʱͣսȽϺһЩ 
˿̸һ̸˵Ȼܵͣ˿ˡҪתѾԼ˹ 
Ǻǣ˵ʲôأ˿ʽ񡣾Ѿദôãÿο˿һǽסȫ䡣֪˿Сʱܹܶʹľ벻ʲôʹһӵ 
ȫΪ˿Ȼȴϵ˵˿֪ͼ֮Թ޲ҿһʱ֮ԻġҲ֮ĶԹΪֱϼؼѡ񡣼ȻԸ㹲£ϣҲʱ¹һС 
С˿Ӹµؿڴϵأ֪Щ⽣˾Ҫӣڶ˻ǰڳһүļ 
Цˣ˿ʵһֱֶΡ 
˿һƨصĴͷϣһǡ㣬֮ԸЩˣΪǵֿ˶һţֻΪ˶㿪ЩǼһԸǣҲҺͽ⣬ֻǲȥʱ׷ҡ 
ְؿڴЦ˿ĺ㡣ðɣҲٳȰ˵ԼһЭ顣 
˵ 
ڷص֮ǰϣ㲻Ҫ˺ԵģһԼȨڴ֮ǰ˽µһС 
ǡ˿˵ңҾЩκγŵ 
˵վתߵǰҵ־ߣлҪ˵ 
߳ңתսǣȥ¥¥ݣ¥ݵתǴվס 
˿ҵ۾ǰκˣֻ㡣 
ʲô£еͷԡ 
һ֮УкܲõԤС˿˵ŴժһöĶǸĽɫұΪһء˿ŵҵģܸⷱӵĻƣˣص֮󣬴ȥնĸĹִ壬ҵӸĵţһŮ 
ҵһ˿̸۹ԼҲ֪˵ʲôá 
Ȼˡ˿ЦˣܻŻȥ㻹ðҡ 
ҵͷʱ¥´һ 
ˣ 
Ƶߺš



2

       ˿ҴҴһصӵ˶ؿһˡ˺Ľͽȥƺ޶£һһϮͷڵŵĳۣһ׾ĺߡֻһվ¬Ĵǰ˸еһׯ϶ȵơָоͽҲ޷ģµġ ֪һΰɫ̵ĽڣСߡ֮Ƶƾһ֮Ͻ˺ΰеĴ˽У˵˲࣬ǵ̤֮Ҿͱ⿰񼣵ĳˡ˶λˣҲһֱǾ塣 
ûгҲ˵Һ˿ҲһԲע 
˵֣˲䡪ֻǿӰй¬ǺͲһɨա 
˺ܾãתʵŮû 
Ⱥƽȣͬ⡣ 
˶ҡҡҡͷ 
ߺĬƬ̣˵أľ־ĵײ㼤ҵĽ棬ʧܵıԵһľ񣬺Ͳˡ 
һæʣûа취԰ 
С˵ҪһΪΣ־ǳᶨˣ񽻷档ΣաһҲʧˣ˵궼ᱻûҲɹŰĹߡȻҿǱû˲ͻֹĽ٣˶ 
ҵʱԥ 
Ҳԥˡһӣ߸̡һǰһôɡ 
־ļᶨҿ϶˿۶Թ˽⣬Ҳһ缪񡣵ҲΪ¬ðδ 
¬ҵġ 
һҵġȻιΡ 
Ҫôҵˡ 
źߣҿܸеĿ͸߿ҡڣ¬ݵĹ֣ҡ 
ҵ֡ 
֡ҵס֮ǰһ˲䣬˽ҵ֡ 
 
˿ԡɳᣬأǼͬʱгҵ֡ 
Ȼסҵ֡ 
ΧһӱתѸ٣ҸûӦʲôԼôӣҲŷѾһֵĵط 
ƺһΰĵ¶Ѩͬһ㶴Ѩȣг궯ɫĻռ䡣ԴǵСһĿӶӶ鷭ĺɫҽ 
 
ֻһ£̾һشң 
δ֮һ 
һعͷ˵ˡ 
һߴӣ˫ۻǰĽ׳ݺύİ̺ۡϴһйЦݵߣֻһɫ㣬վڹȵʯͷϡɵϣһһĶ̱սһһ˫ 
һƺϤϢ벻ʲôط 
ǡʲôˡ 
ұΪϳءߺЦţǿޡ 
ޣ 
ȥνȴԼֿտաҺһô¬أʲôط 
ҵһЦһôš¬ܺáںܺáԺҪıˡҸղ˵ˣδ֮һ 
ʲô˼ 
ÿ˵δĿУֻеĿҪһЩеĿСһЩһδҲ˵δܷϵ顣ĵظҽ͡һеͿʲô˼ 
һָԼɡ 
˳ָķ򿴹ȥ 
һڷӣźɫĶ񣬺ɫºͺɫ㣬һѺɫľ޽ 
վҺԶĵطһǿڻ¿ 
һϤİ 
Լ 
ûУǾ㣬δ㡣Ҷߵ 
ǸҵߣһСӰֻһͷҾ֪¬ 
¬Ҵôˣôط 
ûõġ˵ǿǣҲǡͬģ޷ǣҲ޷ǡڣ޷ֱӰǡ 
δߣˣǶعڵϣϳһӣһᰡ˺ᣬûס 
Ϊʲôʲô飿 
һֲӰڻи֣һߴŮˣƺƵĺɫŨɵġδ̽ſɲĺĽ籡䡣 
δһǿ𣿾޽ķѹХӹҹĤʹɱƤϲֵͬԶĵطпԸеǿĽĿδ 
޷·˼޷ɱҵļ򣬵㿴δ㣬ӵǿԶԶ 
ĻǿɲӰ񹥻δҺȻֹͣ˶Ȼһȥ޽һԣδʹֱסͷ­ 
ǸŮ˵ 
ź࣬ӵкҲµģϾġ 
δң𣿡ҵʵûлشҡ 
ҿԭڵϵ¬վ 
ʼ⿪Լϵһ 
Ҫ¬Ҫ⿪ 
Բ𣬰ԼȣҪһЩ 
ȥֹ¬ôܣҲ޷ٽӽһľ롣ֻؿ¬߸߾ֻ֣Ϣи 
ѾԵңޣҽԼ彻㣬Ի 
㿴ҵˡұ˵ 
¬ϣʼѪ˫ĿֲֿĳɫϣһѳصĽɫ޽һѲж̽Ƶɫ𡣵ڣѪȫסǰѶ̽ѪᣬһѺںɫĵ޽ 
Ҿش󺰡Цˣҵˣעҵˣ 
¬źһѪĹ켣¬еĽɫ޽ںɫʱƺֻǴһźӹǰѪɵľ޽ȴʵʵп˺壬ɺѪӵ·¬󽥽ɵѾ޽ѽ󣬸¬󡣺ѪԽԽ࣬Ѫ͵˲䣬¬һе˫һ̽˺ڣȻץڱѪ 
ϣˣʬ޴ʧɣ 
ѪһĻλ⵱ͷն¡ 
Խն 
һжʧˣΪϣˡĺͷһ룬һ޷ӵĽɫӿ˲ɻҡ¬ȫҵزţʧҲһͷԵʯͷϡ 
¬¬ҴҪܹȥ¬ôңԶޱȵңԶ 
ȻΧֱһƬڰ 
ңѨδңӣᰣ¬ˡ 
ֻҺͿޡ 
ѾȫѪƽ˵δҲ¬δΪ޷˵ģ¬Ҫ 
ޣ쵰ŭ𣬷ŭͱһӿͷ޴ЦңǶҪңѵ㿴¬ԸġҪҵҪԼΪƷ 
ΪʲôҽȭͷֹͣЦֻҪԸ⣬Ըıδ 
 
ϣҲ˵ʵ£㻹˵ġֻҪ㲻˵ģϣ˾ͿھϿ㡣޵гջ󣺡ǿõİɣ¬Եþȡ 
İɣΪ¬



3

       Ҹô 翨һ㣬飬ôδ¬֮ȳ 
˵ھĶԿڿޣҺ¬ᱻƿʹ 
ҼֲԼģ͵ĬҪ¬ȫԼ 
ų 
һһΣΪʲôҪ֮ѡ񣿻ϵˣڴȫǱҪһЩܼȥ 
ɱǣܶණֻڷ֮Żʶı󡣵ǣһҲòˡ 
ôǾڵ¬δ¬ 
¶˾ġ 
ҰҵĽ㣬ܴӦңڷŹ¬𣿡 
֣ԡҵĿ걾㡣ֻǸؽɫѡ 
ΪʲôңΪʲôңɻʵԴӰ˹֮һֱңʲôر𣿡 
ǵġ޵ͷر𣬶Ҷԣˡ 
޵ҵţָҵȶճɬܸеһҵڲֻסеĳ 
ҵˡ޵кε˷£ҵ꣬һˡ 
ʱһֻץס˿޵ֱۡ 
һֻ֣ 
¬ 
¬ң۾гˮһͰˣҪĽκˣӦֻ㡣 
ؽ޵ִҵг޵Ůˣ޹أ 
¬ûῨޣȻĿעңģҲϧҲҪĶںҵͲҪҵװ׵˷ѵ 
ҴӾѳһȥڣҲҵ塣Σ뱣顣עһһȥҲ΢ЦӭҵĽ֡ 
¬ҺͿ֮䣬˫ӵסҡĻůУ·һԾ޴һ޸ڸңԶĵط 
ѡ񡣡޵ÿնãΪԼѡۡ 
ʧˡ 
ڰҲʧˡ 
վſҵ֣ҿڴϵ¬۾ 
˵ҡҡͷ 
ҡ 
֮¬ȫˡҲ˷ӡҪһͨճǵĸȥ磬᷵˽硣ڷֱ֮ǰԼҳȥ̸һ̸ 
Ȼ벻Һλ⽣ʲô̸ģһǴӦˡ 
վϣϿո˸е־塣·޾ĺ֪ʵľһƬڿе֮ûƣǵĽ¡ 
صƻָҲˡңһӵĿ⣬ĿҸеȫȻҵĸܣ°ҿ˸飬Ȼ˵ھ뿨޽սʱ޶ʲô𣿡 
ǵġҾ˵ʵ˵Һر𣬶Ҷ˵ر𡣡 
Ȼر۾ƺ˼ʲô˺һᣬ˫ۣ˵ȻħŵĸɲʹõĽڶΪӦñܣҾ㻹Ȩ֪ʵ顣 
ʵ飿ʲôʵ顱 
ġ˵ǸĿɿڴʵ




4

       ǿޡ ʲôһΪԼˡظһ飬ӹɡ 
ǿޡ 
ҽȭͷ˫۶ص۾ɫ˫ɫ۾رܵӭҵĿ⡣ 
˰ǰ˹۹Ľ޳ΪζƷı֮³˹³ɽʷУ˼֮Ͳˡʵ鲢ˡ 
һıˣʷмصǵ۹ͥฮۡҲӶѣĻʹǵʱѾΪ˻֮İꡣǰǿ޵ֿѣҲ˽⿨ˡݺޣֻΪڿȫ֮ʱȡڿޱ֮󣬰ɱ˿ޣҲתΪȻʧȥ˲䶴쵽˰ıĻ޺޵ܾ˰һͬ飬ΪתΪĹԹݳֵĿ޷ܰġΪ˸𣬿ޱһγΪˡ 
һ¡סصĻҺ˼˵ǿ޵תǿ޲δȥһֱԹ֮εôתأ 
΢Цǵ鱨㻹ʥְߣôⶼ벻ͨ 
κ壬ɵġʵĴڣǾĴڣǼĳءһȥ帯ಢֻأڤ磬ںϽޱߵʶУȴµϣɢ޳Ϊ˹ɽһܹԼļ;ȻҪظˣͱҵһʵ塣 
ڣҪ˵壬Ҫ˵δȫ֮ǰռ壬Ҳ˵ֻʴЩδȫĺӣǿ޵ľֹǿһĺӵ޷ܡԿޱҵԼ壬Ǿ󣬺ǧͨߵһֻص塣 
ȻϵڼƣÿӶ˵ȥʹΪҲҵԼ塣ΨһķһһȥԡЩ޳ʴˣǿۺ֢Ļߡ 
ǻ˰˰¡Ȼҵ㡣 
صЦɣ۾ѾûЦ⡣ 
Ҳҵ㡣ҵĺడ 
˵ǡҿʼ׹صĻζʲô 
ҵ壬ڿ޵ġֻҪҵģ޾һλص֮Сʱһڴ֮ϣᷢʲô飬˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ 
㿨޸Ķǰ꣬ҪԿαװ߾ŵ䣬ҲؽϯȫѪȷ硣 
ûصͷǴ򿪻֮ŵԿס 
ΪʲôɱأһڿˮҡҡͷҪɱĻкܶᡣ㻹޵Ժʱ𣬽͢ħžһֱڹע㡣ɱûõģΪ㽫Ϊһͨȥ塪˵޵һνֻءʱҪҵ͸ˣοҲ֮ѵûзôô౻ʴ˶Χߣ 
ҵǰGSD񣬻¬᰺ͲӣΣǶΪҵĻ顣ѵҲǿڤڤʹĽ 
Ҹ漪ǰΪ˿ҵĿ㣬˵͢ҲãħҲã⽣Ҳãǲɱ㣬ǿ޶ȵر岻ص޵С 
ѵ˵ҼʹĻ֮űƿһС졣Ѫ 
ǵġصͷɯ&amp;#8226;Ůǵˣʥʿпǿ޵ת֮Լȫ壬Ůչ㡣ΪˣΪ˱ţͷ˵С 
ɯ&amp;#8226;ǡҵһ֪Ůǰ޵Ժʱ˶ֻǽŮѡ 
ΪʲôҪЩء 
˵ΪȨ֪Щ顣˵ڣҷˡǿȹ̣ʱڿӦûпɳ֮ΪԼҲΪӵˡ 
סҵ֣ץҪذ 
Сʱ׼ˡ˿¬ʹ˵ʲôҾǱܡЩʹ࣬Լһ˳еͺˡ 
һǴ˵һָС͵ķͧҲɳ˵ġַͧṩܷɵúܸߣҲ޷ɵ½ֻΪˮƽƶĽͨߡ 
򣬷ɴСʱ֮ܵǵĸˡ˵ͧĿռС˼һ˿ͼһһҰҼм䡣 
Ȼɡϵ̡Դ֮һֱ̾ǴҲûеȼ 
ʲô¬ʡЦˣҪϰͿĹ֮š



5

       ΪΧûƣҲûκβԴϴпȥȫоͧƶΧֻпãһƬޡƺһƬоֹɳ˵ʵƶٶǺܿġ ֮Ļ֤ʵˡ͸ʯӢϴҿԶһֵĶ 
ǿƺһߣߵĵطֱֱ´䣬ϸͬ˿·һͻϵȻܿҾʶʵߡֵľˣϸΪԵʡֹ˴ԼʮӣѾָϸˡ 
Ǿ֮ǵĸ̾Ƶ˵ 
ⶫôģҲ̾Ե˵֪Ϲʱ˽֮䡣е˵ΪǴ֮񼣣ҲѧΪԶĴ 
ĿأʣҡҡͷûʲôҲ 
ֹһʱ䣬ѾԿһˣǸϸȻ塣ΪǸգҶԷͧٶѾ˵ĸⶫȷʵǳ졣 
ԽԽҲԽԽẓ̌ҿʼ̾⽨Ĺģ֮ΰҲ񼣣޷ƾôܽ˸ߴ¥ܿ죬ϴǾͿı߽ˡ޴ͬһ¾ǽǰبѹȸҲǰϸе 
󣬶ͣʱǾֻһҵľˡɳƿĲţķ̹һʱ伸޷߿еķ䣬͡иԲվ˵Сƽ̨ǷͧļװˡŷͧһܴĴڡ 
ͷ޾Ĳ񷣬޵׵Ԩ 
ı⻬ףûһ˿ۼҿĲʣҲשʯƴӵķ϶һ塣ǲ˼顣 
ôȥʡɳЦЦ˵ǸľĴ𰸡 
ȥ 
ЦɣҿĿѣԨе˫ȶе㷢ұһ¸ߵˣ߶ȡҲδ̫һ㡣ƽϣһɵľ˵ʲôطһɿǸҪľ밡 
ûЦ˵ֻȥΨһķٽӽĻܻͧᱻ·˻ʲô䣬Ǿһ군ˡ 
һڿˮʱҲģ 
ԡɳƵ˵ʱΣգȥûץסڣҲµˤһű֮ǰ϶ڶĴڣȻԽ²ͿľԽ࣬лȥϣʱǴӴӦķͧϵģֻҪһʧ֣ͱˡ 
ǵ󡣡ҸɰͰ͵ЦЦһµ̾ҲֻΪ˴򵹰Ϳֻô 
ðɡ˵˭ 
˵Űѳµ°һһӣȻǸССĴڡᡱش˳ȥҵһᵽ˺ȻԵ׼ȷطɽǸС˼ӣԵĺ 
ɣһںûˣ 
¡¬ץסҵĸ첲ץʲôãҲ° 
û¡˿Ц¬֣۾С𣿡 
¬û˵˿ֿңأ𣿡 
붼û͵ͷ֪Ϊʲô˿˿ЦˣСӣӦһ£ 
ȻѸײڶ֮һѱ¬һֱӰ¬峯Ǵڶ˹ȥ¬һУǴһ˫סӣһϽȥҸոضĲĳ˿һץסҺ󱳵· 
𣡣æУԼԼ 
˿Цŷſңѧһ£׼ڵλá 
ԥֻҪһ˿ԥҾˡ 
Ȼ˹ȥ 
ʱƺһֹ̾綼ʧǰǰССĴڡ 
һ˲ʧȥ˷Сֲϣ¡·ֻʣҹһˡ 
ڿйһӶǶ˵ȴһôǰѸ 
ȻԵִӴг֣һסҵ죬ҴӴ˽ȥ 
һӵڵϣ¬ߣСҭңһ£Ȼһѱסңĺ󱳣Сԣ޲ޣûˣ²¹ 
ȻŬ¬վûüΧĻһӰӴɳᡣ֮󣬺˷ܵظԶԻһƣЦ 
Ȼһ磬˿ҲӴغ̱תǰ溰٣ҪǲҾˣԼȥҲЦģ 
֪ڶ񡣼֪˵˾ʲôû壬˿İɣҪݺҲڣɣ 
Ȼ˿һС 
鷢һ˲䣬Ǻһ˿γԼһֱ漪񱣹ܡɵӴе˳ȥȻ͵һһϡ 
ųһΣӴ˽ɫҰֽ 
Ƿ硭񾪻δ˵Ȼסˣ˰죬ص˿Ϊʲô 
˿ӴڵݳȥǵԼ˫ֽŵ档 
Ѫ˳ŵ¡ 
֪һʱ򣬺Ȼһǿӹִſۣ̱ƫ˴ڲƮȥʱȻܻصͧϣҲᱻ紵ԶҲò˿ķӦٶ֮˼֮ݡʱǾ뼪ˣֱΨһĶɵ 
ŵһݹȥôѵʣһɡͳǵ棬϶᱾ܵض㿪 
ͷĵʯ֮䣬ȷѡ񣺰εʣݳ񱾾ɵˣ붼ͱܵһס 
ɵΪ˿˫ϣ˿ɼǡ 
Σյʱżһ˲䣬ΪʱҲԵʱɵĵԼšֻҪһܴࡣ޷񵲣Ҳ޷ܡ 
Ǻԥôˡ 
ҡ¬ɳԶؿˣһʱ䷴ӦȻ󣬼ɿ֣ɳϡ 
л˵ 
лҡ˿˵ҪллԼѡ˰ѹĵˡ



6

       ҴóֹѪҩۺͱ˿˫֣Ȼʼڵһ㡣 еĿռԤҪխĶࡣվŵĵطȥǸԼٲɵη䡣εһǽϣÿʮһڡ濴ʱֺֻ꣬һ϶ֹһ䡣Ӵӿȥڲܺ񣬶Ҳκ֧ŵᱡɵĽṹȻܹԶضͷݿ̮ǿȣ̾ΪֹӴⲢܳ㣬Ե΢ڹ⻬Ļǽϣģе϶һצŭͿĳƺ 
˵˿󣬺ѪҺͨСӣͿһ𣿡 
ɳͷ 
ʲôӵģ˿ʡԺɳɫȻȥ֪ûмͿм˶Ϣ֮¡ 
˿Ц˵Ҫȥһ˲ء 
ʰԼĳݵ˿ǰ˼ʾԼԸ˿˵ʱ֡˿ûнӣ׾سϵĵ˵ˣ⡣ԼŰɣˡ 
Ӣϣ鶯£Ȼ˵һǷһһǾ仰ֻҪлᣬҿ϶Ҫɱġ 
֪˿ͷذѵһû꣬ϻ˵ʮˣҶ䶼ˡ憪£ǶƵġ 
εؽӹʣûٸ˿˵ɳļ¶һֵܱƸǶ㡱ı飬Ȼ⣺ڵĵطǾ԰ȫ߰ɡ 
һһкܶڵķ䡣ÿһﶼĵؿһˣеķżεӣķ䶼տյҵһͨϲݵķСʵаͿľ𣿡 
ûϣǡɳ˵Ȼ̤¥ݡһһϣ 
ߣǴҪܵ磿̲סʡԸң˳Ļ߰ҡ 
͸ֿȥȻһӲͬڵÿһ㶼вĴСʯ̳ɵĴֲڵ档Ҹоʱţû仯ҲûԼʱĶ˾ǲͣظѰ¥ݺ¥飬Ҳ˵ʼϣʲôˣǰͿľҲҪźͿտĸоֱҪ˷衣 
˵ʲôɡһ¥ݺҸɳ˵ط˷裬飬˵Ҳԡ 
ûʲô˵ġɳ˵Դӽһֱе㲻ͷƺǸеĵط 
ţʲô˿Ȼͣ½Ų˳Ŀ⿴ȥİķһ޴ӰһҴŵ߽֮󣬿һ޴ε񡣵ƽڵϣֲܴڣվĻôߣļªͷ­һŲɱĴֻСС۾ļ׳ľޱۡµĲƺûɾͲݲչˣΣ⻹ҸеһĪѹȡ 
ⶫˣˡһЩҷⶫƺĳʯͷƳɵģҿǷǳӲɳȻͳǹ 
 
ֻǸ񡣡˵ 
ֻǸ񣬱̫ɳػܡҲóԼǹСĵš 
ںڰУѹ͵Ц 
ʲôˣɳʡ 
ЦһɳǹָЦʧˣţһִͬЦҵƷ𣿡 
˿۾ղǲǿˣǸһ°ɣ 
𣿡ҿǵͬʱν֣ûаɡ 
δ䣬һ̶ĸ֨죬޴ĵǰվ 
ðɣû̾Ƕˡ



7

       ڼ֮ǰһҪе鷢ͺˣұ֤Ҿϣ顣ȫվ֮ҷʱҪߴĶࡣ ˵ǡվʵǿΪûȡֱֻͦͦǰֲֻڵ۾΢ĺ⣬Ӹµظҡ 
ʲô⣿˿ʡ 
ʦߣɳ˵Ҫһʱ䣬ܲסһＸӣ 
ðɡ˵һ￴ѶԸôĿͷƶܲ 
͵˫ֱۣȭͷѸ޴ȫơ֪ƾڵҪ浲סһֱǳ˵Σ˫˶ȭͷʱķѹҺ 
ʱˡǰһһĻȻԾ𣬾֮ҼһȥĽ壬ϴĸожϣһӦӲճ֮Ķɵġͬʱ˫ȭݺϣһͳװĺ˿ͼܿһ 
ҵľ޽䳤ҲֻȵһҡҲ֪һܸܲеʹıֿʹȫֳ˿ڣ־ڵһţ¬ֱײȥҵĽļϣҲǰ˹ȥ¬ѾĶ̽Ǿٶʵ̫죬ڸ񵲣ЦҶסܵסôƫƫطﲻæ 
жֵʵˡһﲻԤϵĻٶҲĿöࡣ 
ھײ¬֮ǰһ˲䣬˫ŵأ۷˻һӰ¬ײ˿ȥ 
ֱײ˼ 
û죬һӰӰӾΪխ¶˴سȻݿȥǰҾͼһУ˿֮ΪӰƾŬ޷ʽģؼһǽ˹һ㡣¬˿һѽס˿˫ŵסļȻƷıһֱȥǰ˿þұۼּңȴȫںҵ˫ŸһأͷҲصҺɨһƺûйؽڣ첲κηκνǶȻӻҾٽһ޴ȭͷݺںصĽϣ˴ҵʮȻɹһҵؿڻһʹظһľƺҪѿˡºͷо˼Ⱥ 
תתϵ˿ۿԲٶϡƴûʲôã˼ŭĻ 
鷳ˡ˿¬ƵԼüͷ˵õǴӲһԱжСԾʱҵľ޽ƣϵ˻ûã޷ 
ʱɳȻһ 
ҵˣ 
ǹڵĻһһȻըһСֳǸ಻Сӣһͷҵĳֻ¶һֻаĴ۾ݵմճСȫڵعڵϣһȥһŲסԴһǹӵС鴤£Դһᣬˡ 
滳ⶫҲճɵģΪӵʱûѪҲûбʲôӦĶ 
ʦֻҪɱǾ͡ɳĻû˵꣬ͷִѹֵĵЦ 
ǲң֣ɱ֣ҪǶʯͷ 
ķҵЦʼ˫ֳŵأҡߡ 
ߡúƲɵ 
 



8

       ΣסӭľȻһְֻҵļϡ ɡһﲻܶԸġ 
Ȼ󼪸ǰȫûע⵽ʲôʱߵġ 
γ쳤ƽǰֱϵķĹâʢ͸ĹӰγǰʰԲνֻϳмǸӰǿޣһΪ㲵ŮӣҰɫںİɫ֮УҲĹò˫ǣͭ壬׳аı׻𣬿ȫһͷҰ޵ģ 
ǴôҸеƺһۡҲȷϡ 
ͣһ£ȻȻ١ұܵˣȴӭһǽѹľֱȥڼײǾɲ֮䣬кɫĵȻɫ¹⡣ 
ңң£ 
ûеƿʱ˺ѿ죬Ļ֮һֽɫڼһţһұ۷ɳصϡֱۿһأʧȥұ۵ľȻʧȥƽ⣬˹ȥסŲ˫ָ߾ٳɫĵѸٱһź֣Ϥаһһն£ͬʱŲǰƽĺȻײھ࣬ͬʱŮòĹҲһ˻𣬲԰׵ĺӵĺ°ȫΧеˮգۼھɺıǡһ춯صľ죬෭أӰһ˲ƺ͸ģԾӴһΧͲĹͬɵĵչȥһøһƬİ֮Уâھһ 
һжκʱڡղŻƺսʤľűʱ죬ؿڴϳĽءһӾĶϿеڵϹһξžһѳ롣 
һʯͷɵࡣ 
Ǽʵô˿Ǻսô 
ǿĵЦƮ 
ǿǿŪҵߣҪҵ桭 
飡 
еǹˡǵʹļУȻΧ 
ˣʡ 
ߣ뿪üͷ˵ڷĳİĽﴫʹɳǹǸ߹ȥǹֹ֮ͣˡɳĮޱ߻߰ɡ 
ĮףһֲԤи֡·Ʈе˿о޷ץסûֲԲ˵ 
ǽɳԵ˵ٶȱ֮ǰöࡣû˵ʲôҴǵĲҲܸоյĽšҺȻʶǼԼԿһֻӣղǳҼ޲ߵĶսֻһССѡ 
ġԿҵ˼ͿУѶԸĻɫࡣ󲿷ֵĵ˶һѪļһ˶٣ǿԱһ㷽ɱļһ 
֮ǰʲô˵ұԹ˺Ȼ֣ȫû׼ǼȻͬˣٽ¹ͬĵˣеװɡ 
֪ҲࡣǸ˵ϾҲֻ߹һͿצ¿ԷֳࡣղǼǱȽϡٵһ֣ǽʦЩСóһЩսҲǺֵܼġ 
ˡɳӹҷԺɳ֮Ĺϵʱ˵뷨ϾһĬһ˵ϰ䣬һͽ˵°䣬ȴͻأŤĸо 
ǰͿã˺񡣾ǳе󡣡ɳǳ鶯һ£ЦЦЩһﲻѶԸĶЩûĿס 
ûĿףһʱûзӦʴĺ塣ɳҲ 
ֻǵ˵ʱˡ 
ƽƽУܸеһгݵʹޡ 
 



9

       óһ·ûκ鷳ûоûżʦûˣҲûɳ˵ġûĿסǵ񾭶ýġΣССؼʶ˰Ϳµ ߵ÷·ûоͷҿʼǲС硱ڣ˵һֱͨĩʱԺɳͣ 
ôˣʵɳָָǽϵһȴ 
һһУܻһЩԼ֮ǰδĶһЩ;ԲŵĶҴӴڿȥʱ򣬾Ϳô 
ǵĸ߶ȿ϶ѾܸˡӴϿһƬ·ܰ˵ȥɫ˴·һеʯɫ¿ʲôƺֻܿߵ죬ԽԽϸԽԽԶʧ޵ľͷ 
һƬ֮Уҵһοճǡ 
ճǾԼһǧԶһߴ׳ıݣ͵ߴΰĳǱһɼ̵Ĵʯɣи߸ߵ¥ͺصĳǽһײľϣųǱڿС 
𾪵ǣǱ¥ˣǵϵ¥ļⶥһƽ̨ƽ̨ϣһ˫˶īɫ׶״ĶҿԿ϶ǻ׶渲кƬ˸ŶĵĹƺͿźһճҺÿһ׶Ĳ涼һֻ޴۾ҿǵʱҲעǵķ򡣼ʹôԶҲظܵɢа 
ǾǰͿ֮ۡ˵Ǳˡ߰ɣʱܻ 
˵ճ𣿡ʡɳͷйΪֹͿԸļӣ˵ȥƻ֮ۡ 
˵⻰ʱֳּĺ⡣̾Ϣһˣ˵ûġ 
ɳû˵Ų¥ϵݡںԣ˭ 
ɳĽ㡣֮۵սˡ 
ɳ˵顣е˶ѾĽڰͿУɱܵܵģ¬ 
¬ߣס֣һۣû˵ǰߡ 
۷ʲô飬һҪػ¬ 
ҿʼͿµİЧʡ֮Ѿǣ˺ܾãҲûпκεϮļ 
֪Ϊʵ̫ߣҪҪܳʱ䡣ؾǵ棬Ҫ׷ǷǳѵġǺܲңʱһֻ˲Ӿϱߡ 
ʮ֮Χľб仯ڱһŻҲӳ㡣һ¥ǰɳỷΧ˵ûˣʶǿ쵽ˡ 
ȫ𣿡˿ʡǾһֱûϢ߾ȫʵǡˮͳԸҲǱ߱߳ԡ֮õģǾֹʵǣҲѾ˾ƣߵĵزҸǸе˫ȺǦһأÿǰһҪ޴Ŭ 
쵽ˡܻ߰˲ĸ߶Ȱɡɳ˵ 
ԶҲˡһͷ̧ͷȿһ˫ⷢĴȣϸŵɫϸСƬ 
˵ܳǵȹؽ񹷵ĺһǷŵġƶʱڲŵƮС 
ǰͿãˡ 
ǰγˡ˴¥ϺϾһ˳ꪣͷصķžž˸ϸСĵ𻨡ı󣬸һһ֣ҿǵĳ඼ֻ࣬ıȵһҪСһ㡪ҲҲߣϵƬǰɫġ 
ˣС࡭ټɫ˵Ҷ˽ⲻ֪࣬ϴʱı飬г˸߰ӣҽһ£ΰ֮³˹µһӶӳ׻˹죬˵أǵ֮أңΪ뺯ˡ 
һ˿˫۱ϵļ̣˸͹⡣ 
ȻԴߣȻԲ˿˵Ŵǰӭȥ 
ʱҾ˿ǷˣΪ˴ʮһڲࡣѾ˽ˣֻҪѪļһͲ¡ 
¬ѿҵУ̽ڳ̽ʽԺɳҲѾ˫ǹֻ֡мһվܿ˫ڷɿ⶯ 
ðɣĿĻǾɣ 
 



10

       ǰҸոտʼѧϰʱʦ͸ң һֽ֮ˣҪսƽʱôĻʺһսϣͱԼò顣 
ҵһս 
һʮʱֻǡսѡǵʮٱĵˣսˡңսµĶʲôĶ֣Ҫ㣬Ĭĵµĵˡ 
һԲֻ໥ײʹصĺǵ۾ͬһ򣬿׻˹Ǹ˳ꪡ˴¥һҪˡǲڽĵصȴ׻˹ 
һ¥ݡ׻˹ꪣָǣ 
ˣһʮһСʱڣǻԮӡ 
ҵĺƽҪʼˣʲôܹҪ 
ɱǣǵѪ⣬Ҫ²׻˹ƽ˵ 
˷ӵϡ 
ߣս֮ǰ󼸾䡣 
ѪɣɣڴϼƷ壡 
˵ܴ󣬷ӦҲݡʹõսɲһһſ׻κһˡ 
ⲻһһսÿ˶Ҫͬʱ˷ĹֹƵѹ£ǺȻؽ˱Եӿ纣˰ĵˡ 
¬ұǼ˿мԺɳᡣһȹ̵Ľṹһʱ֮ǻ޷ǵ͡ȻͲδ֧̫á 
һ˵¬һһͷ˵Ķ֮˿һ׿˫ֽ߬ס¬˫ۡȻܴ¬ûѿֻ۽ǵ⿴Щһ˴һҲһȥնǲס¬˵˫ۡͬʱһ֧ꪵꪷ濳¬Ĵ¬һӲȥҸҪסһֱƶұܵزͷһʹꪻһ˿ڡҵķӦѾ˲ӡ 
ѪӿҽճǰһͣȻֺնҵȳ͹̵ѪӽӿȻ˫˵ĽŲ档Ҷǹꪴ̹ͦһԵصȥһµĵط̫ˣǰץסҵŽס 
ȻǾͱɢˡ 
ɳԵǹ˿ŭĵҿǡ 
Ҳ¬ 
а˫ۣصսꪣƬˣˣˡ 
¬Һţһնһͷ­ 
¬Ҵ̴һš 
¬¬¬شңҷؿɱȺ棬ǻԴԴϵӿǲʹ࣬Ҳηһ˵ȥ˳ϵ˿ڲϵӣؿڣȣֱۣÿһطѪ 
ʲôʲôսֻսȫЦֻǳҴһꪣȻҵĽ¡ҲֻǱܵɱһɱһ˶ĵսսӣ͸ӡ 
ʹ࣬ʹࡣƣƣһ˵ս˵Сһ˵ս˵ıҺͱնɱûκεĲͬɱս֡ 
˳ꪽŵסҵĽ棬۽ǵס˽ҷ齣ͬʱһһ߿סҽ֮һһбնһ˵Ӽ貿 
Ȼҵͷһ˳ꪵͷһСҵĶܸеĳ뺮䣬һʶѪӿ⡣ְסץסǸ˳ꪣһѳꪵԴ룬̵ѪԽУһꪴγȥʹǰһ󷢺ڡ 
ҲҪȥҲܻȥ 
һ˫ִӱסҵ壬ǹڶɳС 
ͦס 
û¡ҽҧס˵仰ûҪŻѪļ󣬿һû˼࣬ҡҷҿ̹֧ꪣϢţ¬أ 
ɳַſˣû˻شҡǰķڣұܵػųʱܸеʲôǴʱ򶼻ӿˡ 
ǰɫӰһ׻˹ 
ǸʿھҪ 
Ƶꪷ漸ҵǰʱһ 
 
˿ֱ۴Ӳһץסꪷ档ž죬ᵽ˵ζȻһصķש˶զ׻˹ųϣҵ÷顣 
䲻һ׻˹һ˿Ѿǰһ򦣬һŵ֮۶ϵ׻˹һҽжûü쵹ȥ˿·Ѿɱۣϣ˳ֽ׻˹ĳһͣꪱһ˺ȻѾ׻˹ϣ˫ϥסؿڣȭ޹һػ׻˹Դÿһȭȥһһʮȭ֮ͣվ׻˹ԴѾ֮ܳΪԴˣԭǸԴһ̲ǡճҺѪۺϸСƬĻһö̲ۻм䣬ɢͫעҡ 
ԭҲôס 
Ȼ֮䣬ʶһˡ 
Ӯˡ 
Ҹе˫ȷ 
һַֻסҡ¬Ѫ۵վߡϵ˿ڻѪҲһܳ˿ڣš 
ղΪʲôشҡһȥϵѪһʡ¬ߵһʬϣó޻Ұϵ˿ڣصˣҲġ 
Ժɳһȳһյؼսʱĳڳ鶯岹һǹǹڿлص̶ 
ߵ˿ߣ׻˹ʬһۣЦԴǲܵˡ 
ʶ˼ûʲôˡ˿ϱһǳǳĻֻۣؿڵĳ۱˺һѿڡǿ൱ƣ 
㶨ˡɳߵҵߣ˿ҶϵˣղˣΪ군ˡ 
ûôų˽һ˵ʬһ£ʬ˻ΣûκηӦ͸ˡ 
˵ԮӺܿͻ𣿡 
ҵͷ¬һվ 
ղǼһֱڱҡ¬Ҷߵ˵ 
ҿ˼һۡע⵽ȻûˣɫҪƽʱܶࡣղŵսҲɡ 
߰ɣϾҪȫˡɳ˵ֻҪ 
ס˳Ŀ⿴ȥ 
ŽĦʱĴ̶죬ȫеδǺ 
еĳֽеĳꪣеճǹǰ˵ļɫģһҲİ 
һѹ⽣ 
ۡɳڲΪ־ƣΪ޺ͷŭ 
 



11

       ЩࣿҲǰͿ£ЩȡҴû˵ľΪͿҡҡͷⲻֻ࣬ǻĿסǿյġ ðɡǿ𽣣µѾûʲôܹҾȵˡ˵һҪط군ĻƯ㡣 
Ѿսˡɳᰴסҵ֣ԣŴߣסЩһ 
Ѿƽͬ¹µĳƽȻȴͦǰ档 
ɡԸûѪļһҸóһЩ 
˿ϵѪ⣬ЦܵļһҰæô 
ԼӦɵǰĵذϣ˫ֵϰסʼ 
Щ׾Ѿܽˣɳԥһӣ򼪸˵мҪأ 
Ȼһ¥ȥ˿¬һǰһرǡ̤ϽݵʱһܼƵ죬µ̨𶯡֮ǽʱĴ̶ʬĶ 
ͷҪ˿˵ 
ʲô 
ڤаͨ˿˵Ļ²ҵġ 
һĲ֮һ´ɳҧ촽ʵ񲻻Σհɣ 
Σտ϶С˿˵İɣǼһûô 
Ȼ˵µѾûʲôܹҾȣһһǾһΡ 
㿴档¬ҵ֣⿴ȥɵôһ¡ 
桭ˮ 
ԣɳЦˣ֮ 
ϵĺ˿ɴ˾ƺɫ˫ۣˮȥ𣿡 
ġϵƣ֮ˮ䵽ϡ˵ҲӴֻܽΪˡ 
⿴ȥһ޼ʵĺˮͬһγ䣬Ǵϻ¿ɫ׵īɫ˿ߵıԵˮУȻ 
մʪˡ˿Сĵָ⡣ 
̵ģǺˮ 
һ֮ûϵ¥ˡ 
ˡɳ˵ҿΧ磿 
ЦЦһָ棺ȥ˲𣿡 
˿˵ôأôˮѵ£ϲȦΨһķ뺣ܽˣһҾͿԵܼס𣿡 
ҵͷȻʣô죿 
ɳ῿һ£ 
ܵ˲Ѫܶ࣬ҵЩģԵʱҲܺĻֻܴһЩƬΡҼǵ¬Է߽ĺˮУˮϵĺůϸΧһƬ̡Ϊ˿ڣ޷ܾáˮ͸˴İηִ̼˿ڣʹ 
ΧĹ߽ˮҲԽԽůҵͷˮ棬һʱһֻĸо 
硣 
Ը¬һһҵ߸Ȼ˿ 
ڳǺȻͨ 
͵ߣǱˣֿ͵ػУ 
һɰɫĿͧǲԶĵطȦӣͧ߰ɫƷˣеĳǹеǡ 
˦˦ʪܵͷͿĹ 
 



12

       һӵǰԶˮϣĵˮͬһźȻֺȻʧʡ Ǿ档 
ҵһУֹһһġ 
ҵ˫ĵ档˿ھʹֱŻ¡˿ˮεǰ棬ǰĳʪܵںϣźˮĲһһ 
ԺȻЦˡ 
ʱΪʲôЦĳ 
ȻһĹǱķӹǵͷֱ䵽ҰɫѲ߿ͧϡת˲ʧĺܳһʱҵǰһֱһɫӰӣͺʵ翴һ̫ 
֪Ĵ˽һֽ򡰷ĻеΪͷԴǳ֮Ϊȼ͡ĺɫҺ塣 
ȼȼԱڽСǵ߾׼ȷ˿ͧȼ͹޵λá 
ǰһֱΪ߻ʲôɱصĹ⽣ıҵĿһΣҶԹߵ˸̵ʶ 
ǵʧ֮󣬿вһɹζͧϱеĲֳһԵСΧǺɫģǱպĽ 
һͳıͧһŻзϰգͧķѣųĻ̵βˮ棬ƬƬˮ͵ĺˮӿһһɵİӿˮƶǵ塣ѵĿͧƬܿˮ£ϻȼܵ档 
ˮ֮ҴδҲδ澰ˮлĵӰŤתΪ졣ԸҽͣΪȼͱˮᣬԿƯˮȼյԵʡ 
һҸСһЩĿͧӺʻǲ棬Ҵɫϣһ𷢵ŮӰȻɫͷͶȹ޳˫ζҡβļװϡļһڻؼ׵ߣǸӡ 
ĿĻǸԼҪߵľʹǹɫĽǹа͸ɫԲۡıϻһͬ޴͸ӵǹе 
ѲͧԱڷγ𺣵ķΧҿͧϵŮӷɿشеľǹϲ¼صֲرŵľǹϣȡһЩװеǹϡĶ׼ȷܿ죬ǰǹһӡԭİ͸۲ˣ֮ϸǹܣǹڼϣ۾׼ǹһΪ̴ֵԲܡ 
ȡǹں֮Զˮ̴һƬһعͷպÿһˮԽѵĲ״ 
ǹЩˮĴԱһһĲ¡Ĺһ£ǹ֮ļ಻ᳬһ룬ûһǹա 
µļװġ 
ڣⳡɱֹͣˡŮ˷ǹЦЦ 
൱ƯȻȲ˿Ǳһζ˿дžǿ֮Ůӵ˲ͼ㡣ߵϱߣһֻ֣סԵ֣һᣬ־Ͱ˴ 
Ȼץסҵ֣ҲǵһᣬҾ˼װ塣ͬɵصְ¬˿ϴ 
ֱݶϸҸҴģȻ˿ֻҲ١ 
ڰǶϴ֮վţ˶˵¬Ҫʵʲô˿ʳָ촽ϣȻ˵ 
ŮӺȻһ˵Եϣ˽ӵһ 
ϣڻˣŮӳҭšĺ󱳣㣬Ҫˡ 
ȻЦЦ 
ҹ裬ӡ 
 



13

       ˿۾ɵϴ󣺡û˵˰ ҹŮӺʶǵĴڣЩ˼شԵĻ۾ԣ⼸λǡ 
˿Ůʿ¬Ůʿаһһܡʵ˵һ治ϰԼֺĳνǶԿͿ˽顣 
ҹ辪ȵסͣ¬¬ 
ԵͷʱСͧĲ֨ѽһˣһŮӴ߳ıһ԰СһЩһͷ֮мΪټĺɫͷǸƯŮˣϵɫȴǳࡣһɫĴӣǺɫ˿¶ȹϴһܴĽ˿۾еѧͷԿַ·ЩԾ£Ҳ 
µŮ˸ֱʵ˭¬ 
ɳƵͰ¬ǰһǡ 
Ļû˵꣬Ѿ̧֣һ;ɵǹǹڵ¬Ķͷϡ 
ɣ¬ΪɳᣬҲΪԼ 
¬һӴסˣҲסˡ 
Һ˿ûдס 
ԺɳദôãҶҲ˽һǹĹ졣˿Ǹ㰵ɱרңǹеȤԹǹе˽ñҲࡣ 
ʱ¬һ 
¸˵Ǿ仰һ˲䣬˿磬һץסǹĴָεסǹϷĻۣβָס˰󷽣һһŤһײӵһأǰǹѾֻʣһǹС 
ְ¬Լ棬ǰץסµۣˣ 
žһ»Ծһ⣬ӢС̸ֳ׵ָӡ´ʵҷˣҷ˻ˣɱҵܵܵˣҲɱɳܵܵˣɳõѣȻֳΪͬ飡 
Ҳӡҽͣҡ 
ȻߺһۣҪԵĶ⣬ҹæһѱס±л˵ 
˵ƨŤӣϧҹı֮ʵڲֵһᡣŤ˼£Ȼͣסʵɳأ 
˵¼һԼȻ 
һ¡ 
仰֮һӰ 
Ϊ˵仰ɳᡣ 
ɳԴ棬Աͬʪܵļ 
ɳᣬû°ɣ´ɳЦˮĻϾҪˣȥ 
ҹſ£Ѽɳϼװ塣ɳῴ˿ɢһصǹֿϵİӡϾҪ޳¬üʵô£ԣţ 
ѽܲˣǷɵӡԳ̾һʹرԴڼװϣҹߣһ濩Цһı˿һεԲ˫ۣţȻҲˣ 
ǰôˣɳ˵һק£§˵һǣȻסתһȦţҿûС 
ˣͱһɨգ֮һСŮĽ̬ɳļɳ£ҹλǼҲǴ˽Ļ顣 
Ȼ§µ¬ǵĻ飬ԭԺ͡ڣȻػذɡ 
ҷ֣ص֮ɳһӱÿˡ¸ղǸɱ¬ĲݵӣٻһμɳʱΣҲɵøпǷޡ 
СͧĴͬһˣվڴºҹȥɳȥǽǺ¬顣ҹ֮ǰǿԿһǽվš 
ûлϴĸ·ǷȽů͡ 
Ȼůͣʪ͸·ܿ͸ˬˡҲ֧Ųסڵذϣ¬ҲأڷĺУ¬ļ˯ˡ 
ˣ񡣡˿˵ġ 
ţûʲôǼĻش 
ǷɵӣɵӡԻԹ 
У󼸾仰 
 



1

        磬Դҵһ˵һط֮󣬾εӡ 
ԺɳĿУĵط 
ȷʵǸĵطաڵϣǿ峺յġǡյաÿ̧ͷγĲҸе𺳡 
˵ǲҵġ뱩ͿĶѾ£˸ԼڵһУǰͿͳֱȻι̡ 
ͿħûħҪԿǿ֮ǲܵġΪֲ޷ʹħȱ˷չ˱ѧȡħ˽磬ħͨħƷͷã磬ͨΪеĴõġ 
ѾΪ˻ܰͿϣ˻еʦ֮Ƿǳصġ 
ɳ¾һеʦɳĻ˵ǡ֯ڵĶеʦ 
˵˷Ϳ֯Ҳ֪кܴķֱ˵ĵֿ֯;ľͳһĽײṹǵطֲĸ䣬ҲûһͳһָߡɳǣΪͿצ鲼磬֯ĴȨеĻһ⼸һڣô֯ͻ⵽֮֡ɢǵ֯ṹ÷޶ȵرʵ 
Ϊ޷̳˰ͿѪ򿹺⣬ͿĶУ˴ʹǹеΪڶǹеʹõĲͬҲͬ˽У񶷼뽣ʿƵĲࡣսڵһߵ˶ǾͨרңҲǱԼǹʦˡԵҹһǹʦһЩøֲͬӵըսǼɵʦԳΪҩרҡȷ˵ɳᡣ 
⻹мΪǹеǵҩʵսжԶԼܹΪЧͨĶսɡǹеЩ˴ʹýṹι̵ǹǽսǳǿҽֵԱ֮һ 
ķ֯һԺɳڵսСҲûй̶ĻءԼ30˵λӵľݵһεڹޱߵ֮ϵĴ󴬡ҹ֮š 
ҹ֮Ĵ£ָӹɳᡣ 
ҹ֮źܴȥʱ˵ķɴҪһЩҴɫڴϻŽɫͼ 
Ҿվҹ֮Ĵͷװϡ 
ѾҪˡҵѾȬѾԭίһֱоν¬ڵĹתΪеķ¬ÿ춼ڼװһооҵһֱšӡ 
ˡָңָɳԣָ˿ָҴˡ 
òϣȷʵǸˡȻӦԺɳᣬͿսƽҼԼĿġңҴϵ˼ÿаʵһ㶼ڰͿˮѹեµĲ֮ˡ 
ܸоλһƽ֮£Ǳһɾ޴ʱܱµƽ׷顣ͷ·һͰҩֻҪһССĻǣܹɾޱ䡣 
˫ۿŴ󺣳ʱɳߡ 
˵м飬Ҫ鷳ˡ 
ƽӽˡ 
ھҹ֮ŻԼʮ֮⣬һڷ֯սѪǾޱţ糿ɳյ鱨Ϳֱ˵źµαСӽһѪǾޱŽΧˡΪѪǾޱҹ֮һֱǳ֮Ƶֵܶ飬һѪǾޱݣҹ֮ҪֱӶ԰Ϳӵѹ˾ҹ֮űҪȥԮڣѪǾޱϵ˷ֻ֯ʮˣҹ֮ĳԱҲֻʮˣΪ˷ֹͿĲӳ鹥ҹ֮裬ܹɵֲࡣ 
˼ǣֻʮˡ 
Һ˿ʮɳֻһȥ˿֪󣬼һȥԼĻ˵ͷﶼгˡɳֻдӦ 
ҪˣЩͶ˰Ϳ߹ҲŲͬѰʵ 
Ͽ֮ͧǰɳҡ 
ֻԮСӵĶӳһǹʦĴǡ˪ 
˪ǸпЦݵСӣǳɫͷһ³ӡһļǹһЦݵ߳һû衣 
Һխĳϣڣ̲ס㳪ʲô 
˵衣˪šһССĽӣ浹ǳɫĻͣȻһ˿ϸذѻͿһѴͻǹǹͲϣãͬ˵ļ 
裿е㾪ȡ 
ǰ˪Ц˵Լ衣Ϊûˣս֮ǲ˳ҵġ 
ǵĶԻǶһֲֵӡ˿ʵѵ𣿡 
㣬ңʲô˪ʡ 
˿סһ£ش𣺡ֻһεıĶ 
Ƕԣֻʵִ򵹰ͿĹߡ˪Աߵһòľеɫͷ˵ɳһһҩרңԵͽܣСطһ˵ţһ߰ѵϻֲͬͺŵӵԼϥϵһֲϣȻһ޲һһŵز 
ҵһ䣬ЩˣΪԼҵһһǲҪķӡ 
˿־𾴵ķӡ



2

       һСʱǾͿԶƽϵѪǾޱšһҺҹ֮ͬһͺŵսͬڵĴͿװֻǴ׵Ľ±ʺɫǾޱͼ֪֮ϵķ֯кܶ಻ͬͺŵĽΪأڰͿӵǿѹ£ֻּ˻ԵսࡣǴ֮Ҹܵҹ֮ȫͬաÿһ˶Եýšװ໮Ѿ򿪣ССԲ̨ݳǱæµţս֮ǰÿһϸڡмװ󣬼ӭǰǸĴ׳ͷ׵ˣѾ絶̵ƣ۾Ȼ񡪡ֻһֻۣϸһӶֱյĳ̺ۣƤɱݡ ʮָл˵ʮ㡣˪ҡҡ֣Ȼֺգ׻ض˵ˣӦķ֮¡ 
Ȼ˽ǣɳὫ˽ǵĻ飬λ˿Ůʿ 
ߵ˿ǰǣһֱֻ֣һǣȻתңһܱ׼ĵ۹Щȣֹŵڼʹ˽磬Ҳټˡ 
лǵİѪǾޱĽ֯ѻսˡ˵ź֡־ܴ󣬶潲ʱɤҶһ֪ѻʱ˽סʮʱ䣬һڵ۹ʼ۵ľȻǲǽʮǰˡ 
ѻΪǰһңȻ͸ˡͬһеʦҲȥæ鴬ϵͻеװáһҲ׷ȥսǰ׼Һ˿˵ĺսһϲͨļһֻҰѴ󽣳ʣϸá˿һŴϣȻʵ㺦ô 
Һô 
ҡҡͷûʲôҲµġ 
˿ЦˣҲ£㻹Ǻܽ 
ҡͷûа 
˵ûУ㿴㣬һطÿҪܵˣԱߵĵطһ㶼ûء˿ͷңһܰɡ 
һҪҵܡ 
ս֮ʱһҪȥôʮа˾Żһܻȥ 
Һ˵йһʦ 
ҺСʱֻһСŮʱҾҪڼͺʱʦҡ 
ʦҺܺãڸսķ̸ķͬҵĸסҲǸʦһ˷˹۹ķ֯ġ㿴ҺɳǻͬŶ 
һΣǵľݵ㱻˰Χˡǵ۹ľ񲿶Ҷʮһ꣬ѾһɫսʿˡǶ˵ҵŶħѪҺΪҴ 
ǵģҲʮǰҾӦѾˣ֮ÿһ죬ҴġȥֻˡǣʱҾ뷨ں͵۹ľսʱҺԼֻϣʦܹߡ 
ʦҵʦȻǿȴһȰˡ᲻ңҲ᲻ͬǣǲսʱܸоĲ 
ˡúܲңһʦһһսʿܣ 
 
ԼںôôԸһҪսʿأΪ˻ȥһζķضܣ˾ͻĴ󵨵ع㡣ܵĵڡ 
ҲҪΪһͽֻϣףֻηˣսվ 
ҵͷҶ 
ֻáܹ֮ľ룬ǺңԶġʱ֮ľ롣 
Ŀ޾ô 
ҿԲں¬ںѺͻǣȥηӭĹô 
ĺҵ˼ҵһΣ˿һվڵ£յűһ̽ͷ󺰣 
Ϯǰˣ 
ȥװ壡˿˷ܵһӸ첲˳ȥæ󽣸ȥ 
 



3

       ѪǾޱŵļװϣѾսλáҺ˿ԵеࡣվŵĽǶȿȥսϷɫͿװսʻҶԽ˽ⲻ֪࣬ʲôͺŵĽͧµļװһ𶯣뻮һĺ̨ڹܣͬʱ⡣ֽ֪˻ѧеĽڿ԰һʮصڵ幫֮Զһ˿òϣ൥ƾܹġȻˣƾõҲûƷͿͳΣôͿʵȷʵʮ־ˡ ԤĻҪ찡ѻ֪ʱߡʮִݣҲҰ 
һٺͶλܽսķʽġѻ۾ԶڵĸߴˮµսԴԵнϮķΪ˾СԷ׼ķΧѻĶо䣬˵ɣʿˮ׼ϣԷ߹ûпɱԵġǽڵҪǵսҲʮѡǵսһǾûѹҷڻ𡭡 
һڵĺУ߸ߵˮһӿ£˸͸ʪѻЦţе飬ҽ˵ǻᾡӽǵĽȻ˵ϼװ壬ⲫսѹǡ˵ʾڼװսв˵Ķ֣һǱߴܣûϿǡڿĺϣһԷĽΧ£ûϣˡ 
װϵ̨һ䣬̵ζŨѸٱ紵ɢ˿һšɳһʵôľ飬ζԷɶأ 
ѻס۾ϵĵн˵ΪһҴϵԱٳʮˣÿΧʱԷ˲ᳬʮִģΧˣҲᳬһٸ 
˿ҶһۣǶЦˡ 
ҵн֮һð˻⣬Ȼǹĺ̡ٶȷԽԽžĽӽԷӵʼܼòߵһ̨ܡѪǾޱһת׼ӲƿнǺܿ췢ڴһຣҲҵ˵ս 
е鷳ˡѻüëǱΧ˰ 
˿ЦЦǵǴɡ 
ʲôѻȵؿ˿˿ֵָڰø°죬Ц˵ǵǴɡǺǴⲫս 
ⲻܣŮʿҸ˵˵ʾ;ⲫսв˵Ķ֡ 
Ҳˡ˿˵ 
Ҳ˽ѻ˵ҲŮʿǿĸڶʱҲûơ˽ĸ 
ҲЦˡ 
ѻҲ˽ĸ˽˿ 
ҪѪĶͲ¡ 
ûϵ˵Űγڼװⲫ԰ѽ˺͵ҩĽͣǵǴǵǴ뷢ڻĵнˡ 
ѻԥţǾʱҵнںƽϲѸٿĵнʵȱưΧǣܼڻУнԽԽҷΪҷֶԷʹõڵȻʵĵĽ裬ڵԸľʽǶѪǾޱҹ֮׵սɵ΢΢ºҵ֪ΪͿձ齫µ˵ѧʣͬʱҲǷߵı־֮УеʦǼĴڡ˽ִսеļˮƽȻԺͷ֯࿹⣬ǵҩǹеԶеȽϾܵĶǸ֯ȫûñȡںսУõǿԴʵĽ裬֯õĶǼ׶ͣװ˱ըпڵ֮սлֶܱԵȵʵΪ֯ܵԴʮޣ˵Ľ֮ʡ 
ڣһҵнѪǾޱš 
ֹͣˡΧһƬš 
ô£Ҳɵѹѻѻγһɫǹɫ£ 
ҪǴˣҼʶһλŵ״Ӻζɡ 
ȻǹϣǹһͣҩζδɢȥǾ͸еµļװһ 
ˣѻһǹ˨ӵš 
˿һ֫תתӣĹǽڶ졣 
Ц⣬Ǿƺɫ˫ȴһθֳҰްɱʱ俪ʼ 
߳壬װϣʮͷªǵķ 
˿ӭǰȥ 
ĴԱڻļһˣ˿˵ 
 



4

       º˿Ǹ쿪ˡȫ޺սȻָѻսʱ˵սǺܽóȻڻԷĻ㲻ըʱĳн³ʱжܰǾȥǵʱǶûпǵЩ˵Ǵ󣬵нڻֹͣˡЩͶ˰ͿҲѪǾޱϵ˿ڡ ǰͷ˿˿֮һ£ȻһͺŶֱ˿΢΢һ˳֮䴩˫һţֵԵͷ˵ĺϡ 
ʵӣҲǺܿ죬ֻʱǡôϴлսʱȫֻŷսڿ˿սڽҲʾ 
ͷ˵С۾㵵صɵùԲһԵڼװϡ 
һǵľУֻҪѾǴζʤȯաһΣȻûԤϵڼװսǿС 
ѪǾޱŵһ࣬һս£ѪǾޱļװ塣ת𽣡 
ѱ󽻸˿Ǻܷĵġ 
˷ӵһӽزһսꪣ˳ưѳͱһ˵ؿڡڵѪγҸŤһգ˲ҽ˿Ѫ졣 
Ȼ䣬ҷϲɱ¾ĸоⲢ˵ϲɱ¾ѧϰʱʱʱ̶̿ڶҪҴӸ϶ɱ¾ǷСԷˡҷҵȰɱ¾пĴд˫֣ŨҵѪƮǶˣҵ˷ܶսͬ޾ӿѾͬܰҵĶһһֵڽ£ҺȻѵʶǿ޵塣 
ңȻڿޡ̳˿޵ıԺͶԻȻʱҲûʱ俼ǹࡣ𽥳ɱ¾֮еҷػųصĴ󽣣ϹѪ 
Ȼ䣬һһ䵶סҵĽ档 
µȻлסҽһټɱ֮Уҵܻܿڲ֪֮䱻ɡ 
µļװѾΪ͸˵Ѫû岻ҷƿһʶѹ 
ֻǺ֮ģҵѾʮˡڣվǰġȻһ飡 
ǾȻһ飡 
һʺɫƤףǰйƵĻ壬һͷԺɱӣ˫ִ࣬иһ䵶 
ΪʲôͿľла飿Ҵ˿ָţ 
˭ 
ЦЦ࣬벻羹ȻܿࡣĽܺãĽ 
ҲǺóڴ𰵾ͣһҾȻһˣҲѾꡣ 
Χɢƺܸ㶨Һġȶٴʵ˭ 
ǰұں󣬰ڳһҴδĵƣ˵ҽ˹ʲô 
 
Ҹո˵Լ֣ǰһұܵؾٽӭһ˹մͷתһ˹䵶ӭҵĽ棬ڽһ㣬ԾߣȻ˫Сһ㿪棬ǰ壬δվʱüݺײϣײõɳȥ˹һڵϺһվȡ 
ಱһĴʹѾ䵶ĵ滮һ˿ڣҺòֻƤ֮ˡ 
ڣ壬ҵҲ˷ 
š໡һҽУ˿Ǳߣһ˱۶˾ǣſſصڼװϡ˿عͷءסһ 
һ˭ⲻǰô 
ҺͿ˹û˵ 
˭ģ˭ 
 



5

       º˹ĵҵĽʵ£ѷҡٶȱҿһЩ ֻܶ࣬һ㡣 
һѾ㹻 
˹׷ͻҵĸоУա󺣣ѪǾޱŵļװ壬˿ǣʧˡ 
ֻп˹䵶ĵ档Ǿһ˲ȫ 
˹ȶһһ·ִ߲໮ҵʺ¸ûпǣûԥֱһֱӭȥ 
ҵĴ󽣣Ҫ䵶ܶࡣ˹һҵԴҲһжϡ֮ǰضᱻһġ 
 
ڽض֮ǰɲǣ˹Ŀ־ˡһգ˫ѹһѼӲѹסҵĽ 
̶̵һ˲˷ӦĵȷʵͬСɡϧȻʧͣ˫΢Ȼǰ̡һ̶Ľ˹䵶𿪣޽Ľֱؿڡ 
ʤѷ֡ΧֻصߣҵҵսĴ˷һǵһθоָоʮ˲С˿Ȼ󣡡 
һؽšɨѳꪱһɣ͵ϮͷУǰѪ䣬һһõ˺üˤڼװϡԼҲһֻұܵػؽôô 
Ѿ֪Ĵ𰸣ⲻҵǿ޵ڲϵսУһһľѡ 
һʹƺߡһͷ˿ִӱڿ˹ϡȥ·ֻڱżкǿ˹Ѿͷ亹ش࣬˫ȶڴµǻĻ̸˼Ȼһת뺣С 
˿ЦͶͿ߹ִô㿴㱻 
˹ȻҲЦˣΪǵѾˡشԵġѽ 
˿ָһ˹̴ҽУˮˡ˿ǵץסļ򣬿϶˱ʲôַҿûȤ֪ 
£ѪǾޱԱߵĵнʼ룬ڱƽĵнҲͷʻԶһӴ󽣣˦ϵѪۣν񣬾ɼʮȻ𣿡 
˹Цǻǳٶۡѵһ㶼֣ΪʲôҴϵĴԱһûٳأղǴÿ൱ļŶ 
һ䡣˵ĲԴ˵ǴҺ˿ֻ˺Ϳ˹սûע⵽ѪǾޱϵˡһʼһѻҲ֪١ 
޴ļһѵΪͿֻԼµôҪ͹ǻ۰˹ڵӶɲҰɫˣڵЦ˿ɿ֣һƣſ˼װϡ˹Ϊҵʹ໹ڳ鴤ȻЦ 
ڣЩѾ䵽˰Ϳ 
߹䵽ǵ˿ýżſ˹巭˸泯졣˹Ϣ˼Σ˵ǴˡҲǰͿ߹ѡ 
ѣ 
һͳıͿѣ 
˿һ̤Ͽ˹ţ۾ѣáȻѣͿ㲻ܰɣ 
˹ҡҡͷǻ̫СͿˡѾϻ£ǻ۾ƥС 
ߵߣͷ۾ȻͿôΪλ 
˹Լġ˵˽磬ֻܻûϵǻˡ 
˿üëһ˵ô˵ͿҲѾ֪ˣ 
˹ЦһֱЦĿ˿ÿؿڵĽţƽİѰͿһͷҰˡ֮ͳѾڲϵķƾõʱ⡣Ҫǲ̫Զˣ 
ȻҾЩͷֱһֵ֮֮ǰҡ 
˿Ҵ³ 
 



6

       ӴϲӿѪǾޱŵĴȻ俪˲ֹһƿڡʱҪȥסĵطѾˡڳ߶ȵԭ򣬴³ٶƺ죬֪ѪǾޱų׳ûֻǼ֮ڵ顣 쵰˿Ŷſ˹һӡһȻ˷ִ硣˹ҽУȻǺЦʱôӵɣ޴Ůˡ 
˽սһѪǾޱҲоͧͧʵڼװͧϡƿžͧķüԿӦѻ 
ͱˣСӡ˹˿߹һ顣ҽ¾ͧ˿˹һۣʵһô 
һϡ˿˵ȻԳǰͿѣô 
ҷѾͧƳϣСͧһںϡ˿̧߿˹䵶һӵϣȻҵһϾͧ 
컮˿֮һֻݸңҽӹˮѪǾޱųû֮ǰԽԶԽãܻܿᱻʱоȥ 
ңѪǾޱŵĴ׸߸ߵͬһԱлĻȻȻس뺣֮¡ٹ˼ӣһƬƽղһз·һλá 
ˡ˿סһ֣ʡɡɳǻӦǵġ 
˹ЦҪˡǵĹǺͶҹ֮ͬʱչġǵܹԱͺܲˡ 
죡˿ͺȡ󣬵ɱȻ˹һ𣬹ԹԱ졣Ҳһ˲䱻˿ɱѹȵúѡ˿ѪǾޱųûķ򣬵ˡһһ 
Ҫ쿪ˡ˹ŴͿѾͳǧ꣬ʷȹ̵ĵ۹Ҫƾ˵Ǹܻġ 
˿ָһһڹһöŰɫĹĳֱ뿨˹ྱ˹˫һ͹Ȼֱͦͦصȥ 
һȥͲٶ 
ҲϢϢỰˡ˿ְγ룬ָһѾ˿飬ŮкһݺᣬӲκ˷УȻħеļĴɵҲûгԹʲôȻһΣȷʵеҡ 
ʱҲɵȥ˵ 
ɫʼ谵ȥȫڰǹ£ҾڴϣźˮĦڣ˿˵ˡ 
𣿡 
û¡˵ʵе쬵ģ䡱ĳɶ˿ںڰЦһֳ˹°εƤ¶ҡ 
һԶã 
͵İĻһݰɡ˿˵οĴ˸ս 
˿ǡûµģ԰ɣ 
˵ûеˮ˿˵Ȼϥһš 
ҹʱ֣ʿʼĥҡĬı磬ڴϣ߾޾ˮһǿʵҪ 
ˮǲܺȵġ 
ڿˣ˿ʡҵͷһһŻ˿ںڰ֣ 
Ľ 
ʲô 
ҡһֲݿܵĶҳݹȥ˿ӹҵĴ󽣣ƽڴϣȻ˯ţ˵ˡ 
͵Ľг˯˿ҵŪʱѾ峿˿Сĵ𽣵ݸҡ 
žӨ¶顣 
٣ֻ촽Ѿ㹻ˡԺɳῴҴһѽȥЦƶƤ 
¬أ¬ƽ 
ûгܾãպܿ˼ζûڱҲûˮҵ촽ѣѪ˿һͱԼˡ˿һţֻǵңҪҪི 
ûʳ˿Ի졣ûˮ˿Ի졣 
һ޼ʵĴϣǿԻãҺȻĽԹȥĿ˹ 
峿ִӽ˱һ¶ˮһ¶ˮҶԶʤϵһƼȡǵ磬ѾʼҸеҪ衣θͬһһȼգȼϾҵǡҿ˿ϴһ˿־ľ˿ʶҵĿ⣬Ҳתͷҡ 
ĿвҰްײУȴһļµıˡ 
˵ţŲһ£йһܵܡûܱҵĻġ 
ͷͬһﱵһƬɰֽ 
Ұ㵱ԼĵܵܡҲˣԸ㡣˿˵ҪӦң۷ʲô飬㶼Ҫȥʲôµ飬㶼Ҫȥ 
ҴˡšһǴӦѾ 
˿ŤͷһѾڻ㲵ĲӵĿ˹Ȼ˵¬Ѿ˰ͿУһҪĳ룬Ҫ 
ҵֳһֲԤףȻͷΪĥѾľˣ޷׼ȷذա˿ӼװϼҵĽѽݵҵʶؽӹ 
ںܾǰӦˣ˵ѾǺݳ޵ˡԡ 
˫𽣷棬׼Լؿڡ 
ɱҰɣҵ⣬ҵѪȻȥʵɡ 
ҵֽսûԥû˼ûоǵжϣҰѽгء 
 
 
 



7

       ƽ׻ӶĴ󽣴ʱȴóޱȣصشף˿ⲻ㡣 ԭ׾ˡ˿ǳǳһЦҲҪΪ¬һ£㲻Żȥ𣿡 
Ҫ˵ˡʹţʱ˵Ҳһѵ顣 
ҿա 
磬ûơȻ棬ں档 
һ޼ʵգʹʱ̣Ǻ 
Ҳ֪ԼֶܼãҲԸȥ롣ֻǿԼڤ״̬߾ȫȥ弢ͽʵĥ֪ʱĲ֪ؽһֿ״̬֮Сûգûд󺣣ûСĲҲԶȥֻһƬƽ͡ 
ס 
ҵ£޾ԨҷԼ׹䡣׹ľͷյ㡣ҽһκԼļžۣһŮң¬ 
ȻҸеһ˫סң͸ɿʵʹͬʯˮ棬Ҳӹ˽ߵ˾ȵǣʱҵǺѣһʼΪ˿۾֮ҿԭûжѪ˿۾ճյؿԶ콻ӵһߡ 
ҺȻ˫Ԩ֣ǿ޵ġ 
ԭˣҲϣҵһֻء鶯ǣЦ 
ٷϻ׾;Լļޣͷ˵ͬҶš 
Σ漣֣ȻǻˡҸ㣬Ҿᶯ˿һͷġҶݺݵšҵʶЦ 
Ҫ漣ãΪ㣬ҲΪԼҸһ漣 
޵ʶʧˡֻһΣһеþٵʱġ 
ȻҸеµͧζ 
ǴƽĴӿұܵһץ𽣡˿ȵؿңԼҲһ 
ҾȻ 
ȻԶԶƽգǴʱҵȻ 
Ȼҵ壬ͬڳˡ 
СͧԶĺϣӿȻ䣬һ˸ĴԾ棡Ȼ㷢һСͧھСͧ岽ԶĵطһԾˮ棬ֱ˹ 
붼ûͻӽһն̵Ѫͷ£һ˳Ĵ㱻նϣСͧϡ⶯ľͷԵճѪ֮С 
֪ǿԻˡ 
ֲܴڣҲȣϸ׽᷺һе֭ϵζҸ˿һһѪܵͷͷ϶ȳѪۡһ߳һЦЦ 
 
ִԵӻĸоûǾ޷ġ 
ڽĴ֮УҺȻ֣Ĳ֣ƤϺɫŤѪ͹ 
Ҳİ־ӡ 
Ǳ֢״ 
ǻþҲϲԵľˡ 
ǿ޴ҵ漣һΪһȥ漣 
ѽڣ˿е⣬ĨĨͣشЦЦңȻȻһ졣 
ղŵĳֱ࣬һ񹷡ȻҲòȥ˿ݺݵһۣ˼ԣͱ˵ 
ҵͷһ⣬˹֭ͣιȻһʣµгɳСͧĴϡ 
ٳ졣˿һպźˮϵѪһ˵ 
Ƭ֮ǰǻھԨ֮У˿Լҳ 
ڣȴֳϣͶ־ܲԸһΣҪúõĸлһ¿ޡ 
 



8

       ʵǲûеôã峿һҾͿ˺ һССɳ̲Ǹʵ¡Ҹ˿ѿ˹ϵϣȻһƬҽвغþͧҪǵõ˵ϢҺ˿ݸ߸Ҫαװ˵Ҳѡں̲ϢϣȻҵһ塣˿ᳵ·͵˵·һЩĻҡȻҲ޳͵ֶΣǳʱڣҲ޿κε顣 
һе鷳˿ҵĴ󽣡ȷʵûκ彣ҿ˹ڻԲѣҲܾܲô²ܡ˿һȻɭɭһЦʵιûȤһȥо˵Ĺϰף 
ĪĹ᣿оʲô 
ȻʱҺ˿һһ֪ŪƳװһڲ֪ĸ˵ķĹٳոµ˵ĹײġײҵĴ󽣺Ϳ˹ 
ôģ˿һľְ취ƺҲ֡ 
ȥӿ·ֻˣŲܺ˱ųӡ˿ȻЦˣɷô˵ˡ 
ҵ̺մ¯һͰ͵صǡײôͣ 
Ķز¡˿Ȼһݵı飺ҿĺӰΪʲôҪʱȥȥء 
Һ¡ 
һ죬ǵαװɹ·ˣûκעǡҹٴٵʱһϡΪȫ죬Ҫ鱨ǺסҺһ㶼ǽͨ֪νġʵǰͿõһ˶뻹ͨġҺ˿˵˵ǲ֮еˡһùݣסʱһС鷳 
λǡϼŽ۾ϰɵؿǡ 
ҽЏϣ˹ȣɷϣ˰ա˿ɫĲں˵һͷĹŹ֣ǵĶӿɭϣ±ǲȾ磬ڴźӵϼҰᡣ 
ڵƹؿõϰĶһκеıʼڵǼǱϰҲûȥڣϰεЦЦŮʿܲ˵һɷ֡ 
ҽЏϣ˹ȣɷϣ˰գǵĶӽпɭϣ±ǡ˿Ȼظһ飬Ҷڱ߳ԼȻһֲļס 
õϰ¶ˣ񰡣ˡ飬ѵǼǱͱʵݸ˿ŮʿԼдɡ 
һ¥ϵķ䣬պϴˮ˿ͷҲ̧ķܱʼ顣õϰǸŮʿײĲܴ 
ѵҪҵĶ棬ܼͺ𣿡˿װͰ͵˵õϰϵļŤ鴤ŮʿѾȥǲܵͺġ 
˿۾׹䣬ֻȭͷùǽڸ°죺ô֪ģ 
ǻǰװſ˹ĹײĴ˷䡣ҪŮ˽Ϊһ䣬һμġ 
¥˷֮˿Źغã˵Ķӣҳȥһ鱨 
ԼȥûɣҵĵʡϾ˽硣˿Цˣռ鱨ҵǿֻҪԹžͺˡϴɷɰɣȥȥͻء 
Ȼƿӣȥ 
ϴ裬򵥵س˵㶫Ȼǿſ˹ҵʱ϶˺ܶ飬ֵǣȫ䲻ʱЩʲô 
Сʱ󣬴һ죬˿ˡ 
ɫࡣ 
ǺϢǺϢ 
ϢģǰϰͿµͻϮ˵ֿ֯ĺϾݵ㣬нңзʮ²֯߼죬һߵࡣ 
һࡣ 
Ǽ񣬻ǡǡ 
޷˵¬֡ 
ֻ֪ڰºǻ׶幫˿˵ 
һվȻȻϣϢ˹𣿡 
ȫûС˿˵Ϳ£ǵˮ© 
úϢ˿סҵ˫硣ϸͿ֮ҪڰºŴǣ޷ϣȥͬ飬һ򾡡 
ֶΣ˽̫ˡ˿۾Ŀɱ磺ҾԸԳһΣ˵ҳһģ 



9

       ǵڶһͳȥĶǡ·֮󣬿˹˹ǹײıĳһڳϵĺޱ˿ҩ˹˽ƣ޷Ҳ޷õƵҩ۰¶ƤȾף˹ʹǡȥĶӡˡǲصĶӡó˿ó飬Ҳ൱ϲôڿ˹ ֹ죬׵׶֮ǡڵ׵½ġ̵ǣΰĳѾһƬߡ 
ʱ׵ҵ𺳻ġ׳뻪ӾԽ᡾޺ճǵĸΰĳУеľ󲿷ֽľƳɣװԻƽѩ׵ѩʯࡣ洦ɼΰĸȪͼŰͿ̩սľֱĿֵϣ洦ɼеңһһͷӪǧĳС 
ǰͿѨ 
Ȼﻹкܶ˾סġҺ˿ҲܹɹػұΪڶĳչ˿еܼ֣Ҵˡ 
κγжӲһз棬׳ʵһ棬ͱضưһ档ǰͿѨҲ⡣ 
˵ݻǽ˵Ѫ׹֮ϵġ 
ֻҪĵط˿ܹչԼгɳѧϰճΪеͳߵˡ 
׵ùסҪ֤ǼǵģǵȻû⡣ûйϵ˿ܿԶĵһƬҵƶκδжĵطҵһʱİ֮һխͰľ͸磬г˸ֶõζʹҶֵطҲüͷȻ˿ֻȴΪȻԵá 
ÿǶһĵطŵùĿ˹˿춼ں˯ȵҹĻʱͻȥֱڶһŻʳˮԼٵĿһϢ 
˵ĶĿ޴ڣһҲ֪ࡣͿĹɭϣΨһĻڹ̵һ춯ˡ 
жİգ 
ûԹ֪ 
ڻǶʱʵǲпļ尾ÿ춼ڽ֮жȹҵ¬ԺɳᣬҲżҵеͬ飬û㹻ǡļ尾֮У̵ˡ 
ǰһϣ˿͵͵ȥһ̵Ĺ㳡ҹĻ£Ѵǫ̃ɭɱ꾡ؼƻһеģȻȥѿ˹ڸһҵ˲֮ɷϣ˿ѧܶ࣬Ժľ档 
ҲԸĻ䵱ʱΡԼѼвʲôĻ䡣ڶ磬ڶʿʼ̳Χ֮ࡣźԽԽ˾ۼ̳ΧЩȫһ־ľ顣Һ˿Юſ˹Ⱥ֮С 
̫ͷʱһͷߴ̨չһݾᣬż֮˵߸ߵĽʼϣѾ׼ 
Ȼʮͷ˷ӣͷźɫ̨ҵĳնеĽ 
̵ָ˿ʼߵ֡ÿһ֣һɫĲͱժ 
һɳᡣ 
˺ܶĿ࣬ݵϲϵٺۣۻšĿȻƽꡣԶԶؿҺȻǰ˵Ļ 
ʤٵʱӦѾսˡ 
ڶԡͷϵĲժ֮ɳһ˶Цˡ 
⵱ȻõĽ֣Ƕ˵ҲĽ֡ 
Ȼºҹ衣ҹ֮ĸ߲ǱһˡͿֶιȻͬѰҵΪѾһȻſηҲǸŮˡ 
¬˿Ҷ˵ҸеǵѪڲһӴӿ 
Ҫ˿˵ 
ɫĲժ¡ 
¬ǰˡͷҲʧȥĹϺޱ飬ͷԼĽ¡ 
ţһʱͳȥȻʼ̤ԵǸ˹֣һסˡ 
ľȻصͷ 
Ҫ侲Ҫš˿˵ 
ǿʼѽǵĲӡɳᡣ 
һ 
ҿʼĬĬҺ̵Ĺ֮ľ롣 
ҹµĲҲ˽ 
 
 



10

       ӵȺȵĿ䱸ɭϵʿһжҵʶʧΨʣͷվڽ̼̤ǰ˹֡ ֻʣʺš 
¬ĺֲڵϸ۵ļϣɫͷֱ档 
 
һһȥ 
ʱҺ͵ֵ֮䣬ʮԶľ롣ȵļƻУҪԽʮľ룬ֻһ˲顣 
ܶʱƶһļƻȥȴΪһССʧһССĿǲܣȫʧܡ 
ǵģʱһССʧ㸶޷صĲʹۡ 
ж֮ǰļƻУҺ˿Ҳжеÿһϸڣ̨ľǿȺ͵ӲҲڼƻ֮ڣϧǻǺһϸڡ 
ˣ֮ǵĸѲ߲ӣֱڱͿ˵ĵϵ 
ǵķӦٶȺѵԶԶȵĹơ 
ҸոճȺѾĸ趯ӭҴȣӽֻһӭĳꪣеóꪵꪷѹסҵĽֱӴҵؿڡ 
ֻܳ齣ء 
ڼ䲻ǰңռƻʱӦѾ˹֡ҾĿ껹нʮľ롣 
һװĵ죬һ˱˿һȭúɳȥһ漴һźڲϣž׵ѵȻ 
ǸѾǳ˹ʮҲǶʮҲ࣬ҿ϶и̳ᡣ 
̵ָĸߴ˾һֵֻ֣˫ס˽ʼ̤ˡ 
̲ΪǵССֹͿҪڴ˵Ĳбϡ 
ͺܶĲ̲ͬǰѷ˵סǵĺʹϢȥ 
÷أһ˲Ϸ˵ľ׵ 
̤򿪣˫ڿյ˲䣬˾Ѿˡ 
ֻҪǸһˣҾͻԶʧȥҵѣʧȥҵİˡ 
ʧȥ¬ 
Ҿʧȥ¬ҿʧȥһУҾʧȥ¬ 
ұѡ 
һ߿ǰˣһҵĽ 
һնɱ˹֣ߵĸֻǿˣֻܿϽ 
˱˴֮ľ벢ֻܽܿһͷϵĽ 
ԭңԡ 
ԭңɳᡣ 
ԭңҹ衣 
ԭң¡ 
󽣺Хתɳ¬ͷĽжϣȻ󡰶ᡱһббزһ׳ľϡ 
һŵߵһһδҵؿڡ˫ץסͷȴŽ̨ϡ 
̵ָ˰Ѹ߾ٵһ䣬ˣͬʱĸ˳¬˹ȥ 
ǽµ̤廩һ򿪡ͬһʱ̣һɫĹâƳգһѣһɫӰӽ̨һӶɫĹâһš 
¬һڵϡڽ̨ǰʮʿȫһһȥ 
ֳɵȻȫûп 
һ˲ûȥ¬ 
ڿǽǸˡ׼ȷ˵Ҳǡ޷ֱˣ֪˭ 
һӶָо˳׾ϡ 
޿ɱۻɱݺתɱۿɼΧܡڵĳƮɢߴڰգ·ͷһâ䡣 
ȡ 
һƬš 
㳡ϣˣˣҺ˿Ǹոǣȫȵɱ壬޷ж޷޷˼ 
ھԼɵĸ߶ȣֱµĽ̨ľʵذѾʼȼա 
񣬴ߡ 
ȵͬ񴸻ӣ峺̨£ΨһԺͶɱ֮ˡ 
ڶж˿سѾɱסǶ޷жˣʱѾ˹߿һۣȫ޶⣬ǱĿɨĸоȻͬϺݺݴһнɫĹһҵĴ󽣱ҵɻһѽסȴȶ࿴ҪῪڵл 
ߡ˵Ŵ߳Ժɳǽڱܹȥס¬֡ 
ֱ䣬ڷ 
㣬ˡ 
ѽлȫ˵˿һѣȻȺ 
û׷ǣȵɱȻǡ 
ڸżһС֮ǰɱȺ 
ȥ߰Ϳ̩ȡˣ 
 



11

       ƺ׵ĴСʮϤҲ˴ŰСʱҺȻԼѾ˳⡣ Ҿȵǣ˿ȻûŰĿ˹ 
ѾһǡֻгƤĳԵЩƾɣûҲûκοĶ 
ϳšԳҹͷȥȻɳҲȥˣҺɵؿһۣûüʲô˿ѾһѰƽȻһ̲һĿ˹Ҳᡣ 
ֳǰ֣Ǽںϴһռûӣǵмӡ¬˳ҲעǰСǲֿռӵģһһˡȫãعͷЦЦ 
Ǹ൱СӣܲʮꡣعͷʲôأȻȻǰȥЩɳϡ 
ȵȱ𣿡ʡһЦҪĵľǱȴˣİɣͿȥҲаȫ˵ġ 
ȽһǸѾͷΪʲô硣˿ɫࡣ˵ȵĳ־ʲôֵҵ顣ɳڵϣԼڻɫ仵оǵĻҲһãʵôղλµŮʿǡʲôͷ 
ԸҹſųţһḧŪҹͷһЦҾ˵˿費ᶪǲܵġ 
˿ø첲һ£ŭ˵˭Ǵ裡д㣡 
˭¬ץҵĸ첲ָŵϻڻеĿ˹һǰ鰡 
ǣڳӵĺУ֪һֽĻеɷĳ类ػ˵ԭίĻǾȡ 
ȴħĵĳԱ֮һҲħŵĴʼ֮һħűĿ꣬ǻͿ 
ȴ˺жöħ硪Ŵ̩ǡȫͬһ硣ͿҲʱ֮ǰͿȡ̩֮Դ֮ˮ̩˶ء˫ĶУ̩ˣ̩ǳµѣͿһС֮ˮӵ磬ж̩ͨΪ˷ֹͨħ̩˵׷ɱͿħ̩˾޷ٴͨµͨ 
ǣ̩˾Ѱһ·ǰĵ· 
ҵһΪ˼˿˵ʱ˿ݺݵһۣһҲΪ֤ʵ˽絽Ŀԡǵ󲻾ãΨһԲ練ħЧӦӰıȴҲ磬˿ԵʣûϵֻǰмǵĶҹ֮衢ѪǾޱźһЩϵĵֿ֯ͿͻϮ֮ʣȴ˲űȳ֣ڵʱ£ҲֻѡߣŻǡ 
ղչֳʱҪͿľӦҲ°ɣ˿޷޵صҡҡͷȴ˵֮ԿԲ練ħЧӦӰ죬Ϊڡ޵ģ޷䡣ԵʱΪ˱Ϳսûбֻͨսʦ̬սȳ֪֮λҪԣΪȷӪȵһʧŲѱɶġ 
ǵҪԣҹ̧ͷʵͷԱȴ˵ʵҲ޷ܰͿȻ̩ϣȴĶȴ˾Ѿɱ˰Ϳˡǵ 
ζ£ǲӵ 
 



12

       һֿ˹ϣͬˮ߿ľͬ迴ʳɳ۾૵˵ źҳĲϴߵѾָСŮòıɵ˽ɫһ䵭ˮŲεƣʱڸٵʻ֮УҶԱȲǶ̬ʱʵҲµʶȺߵ˿һۣȻӻͳһݾŵƤֽӸ˿һѽӹȴ򿪣ֻʵʲô 
ƽĲһ˵ػص˽󣬵һͨ⽣ȨΪŪǰڵ˹ڼһ⡪ֻҪԸǡ 
ȥġ˿мһ˵һ䣬һҪѾ˺Ķԥһ»ǴŰɣԺ˵еá 
ûתͷʵ˭£ 
ºɳύһȻǡ 
ңùٻǲӵоչˡֱ˵ʡһ£˿ɳᣬɳͷ²ſڵչĻ˳ֻʣʱ⣬֮ǰϺ豸Ѿȫٵˡ 
豸ҿ԰ṩȺޱ˵ԼӦüǵһЩҪÿɣ 
һҰɡ£һ¡ 
áȲٴֿңȻЦһ¡ 
Ҽǵ㣬˵Ȼģһ 
ѽҿЦҿ̫ˡ 
ȷҵʵǰһμȵʱ˺ܴĽǱҲԽԽϤǲҪ˵ͱλȣǺͼ˿ȣҲԶء 
˵ȥʵŵҺ˿£û˵寧 
ԺɳɫȻһĻɷףȻ̱糺졣ǼȼŻ󣬵벻ʲô˼ 
ºҹֶһ 
ҡ¬˿ȴһͷˮ 
ֻ֪һֿ֮ܺóԵķݣ˿Ҷ֪⿰ķ 
һʱ˳Ĭһɳ˵ 
һǧ֮ǰͿ磬ħҿʼūˡʧȥħ޷ͿԿֱѧ¼𡭡 
˵ǽһ飬ǱһʷʫͬӹĻΪͿʱλеʦˡͿų򣭴Ÿǲӡ 
Ȼҹֱӣµؽȥ˵еʦΪеս񣬱Ψһϣ 
£Ȼ֮ıѺȻ֣ս֮еڰͽǼӲĴڸ֪˰ͿҵѪս֮սΨĿŷӳ졣 
˵ɶ˿ץԴʡɳסµļ򣺡ŷΪ˷ֹǲӱͿȡؽһռ֮СȻ󱳸Ѫȥ 
Ȼأ¬̲סʵɳЦЦŷǱɱˡΪһԵ֮кټĺͷ 
˵ķɫһ㶼ǳ򵭽ɫģֻһкڷˡ 
¡ 
ԡ̧ͷҾǿŷֱϵ 
ҵ˴ڸǲӵϡ˵֮⣬һЩϡһ˵еսķ֯žͽС寧 
 




13

       ڸǼӲƻʧ֮󣬰֯ҲˣֻʣһЩ˵ɳͷһ۾ȻȵĻְ۾Բˡ ǼӲƻûʧܣҲһֱڵ˽졣 
ôܡԲ֪һͰ͵̵ǡ 
ǼӲƻֻǱʱֹеսĺҲһֱѰ֯չڡƽ˵ 
еսУֻпŷһһضԱ˵ǻеսΨһĺˣҶ֪顭 
еսлһ˻˵ 
Ĭ 
ڰ͡ҧ˵֡ 
ԣڰ͡˵߬ȭͷͽ 
ˡҡͷڰͲǱߣڸǼӲƻˡһͿıˣе˶Ӧøм 
Ȼ󣬱˵Ǹñûʷܡ 
ڻеս֮УеõĵȻǿŷۺͼ㷽棬û˱ȵڰ͡ǼӲ֮е˷߶ΪʤϾͻᵽΨڰûбϲͷԡһ˽ǼӲѾյİͿݽ˷ıȽϣ˽ǧεģս㣬óһ˾ɥĽۣ 
ǼӲ޷սʤͿ 
ǼӲȰͿֻһ㣬ȻһĲü޷ԽġҲ˵ʹиĽǼӲҲ޷ͿƥС 
ʹһпɵϸǼӲͿսĽȻǰͿԼ΢ȡʤشͿĴۣǸǼӲԼз֯ĳ׻ķˣ˽ԶͿūۡ 
ǣλеսȴԼִĸǼӲżţǸڰ͵ĻΪֻǹڽˡڰҲһǼӲĳĽֱض˽ɥʧ򵹰Ϳϣ 
ֹǼӲȻûƾԼҲ޷ֹλеսʱ뵽ΨһֹǼӲİ취 
һʹѡ 
磬ֻһʵֹǼӲǾǰͿˡڰʹľǼӲڵ͸¶˰ͿʧȥԼеսѺѣ˽Զ䡣 
ǱǼӲΨһķΨһʤĻִȥķ 
ΪͿսڰо˺ܶڰͿϣҲ֪̩˵ĴڡΪһ̩˻Ϳչ𣬽ʱ̩˵ϸǼӲǻܰͿϣڴ֮ǰǼӲ뱻ӡ 
ԼսѣԼҵҲԼ 
ֻΪңԶδʤΪԼԶ޷Ŀõʤ 
踺أ͵ϧ޳ܵͽǻеսΰһ 
˵ˡû˽˺ܾã˿ŴƳš 
Щ飬յ粻õıȴô֪ģ 
ͿոӵʱһС̩Ҳ׷ɱˡͿ漴̩ʱͨħЩ˱硣ʧȥħ޷սʤͿֻ뷴Ϳ˺ڰ֯ڲҲ̩ܴڡУʧȥħԴ̩һһȥһڰ֯ںͻеս̩˼ȫ֮ȥѰЩ̩µϣ˲ŵ֪ǼӲĴںࡣ 
ô˵ڰ͡кˣʵȵͷڿŷɱ֮ڰҲɱкһֱܵŰ֯ 
ھȥܻص·ϣܿͿԼˡ 
 



14

       һ鸡֮ϵĹƽԭɽ УûСɽְСһϾɽ 
ûľľҲϡ١˵ǰйïܵɭ֣ڰͿħ֮ɭҲ𽥿ήΪΪȻǿƽضϵĽҲħ֪˵ĶԲԡ 
ĺģɽϵһصɽȫиɽǿһʯͷϰʲôһɽųǰûлطʱȻ֡ 
߹һȴƵİһǽǰǵ˾ͬһ鿴ʯͷᰴһ£ǽھͷ໬ʯ֮С 
Ȼûκ 
ͻǿҵ۾ʧһ˲䡣Ȼ󣬰ĺĻչǰ 
һʮֿĵ¿ռ䣬Ŷǧ£ߴɡҾ̾ǣռ䣬ǵ桢ǽں컨嶼ǹĽƳɣ·һȾ 
ĿռУһطߴĽռţһźɫĳ壬ÿһһôһռҵذڷһЩҽвֵĸӻеʮЩеǰæµš 
ҺȻһֵֺĸоǽ󻺻£ǽں컨һЩɫ͸ṩЩ˽һЩֵ֮ĸоӺζ 
ǳöһ 
λ˾Ҳǳһȫһ 
ϡڵ̾ 
Щǡеˣɳ˵˿ššüëеˣ 
ԣЩǻˣǡеһʲôļ 
Ȼǵһֱ¿ռһ䣬ﱻĽһССĿռ䡣ǸСشȫǴԹæµĻеǡ 
һŴͷһ̨ӶܵӺߣڴϵ˵ϡ 
һˡϺϵˡϵƺֻʣһڹͷϵƤ˵ֻʣһƤĹͷ 
һˡ˵ 
۾ 
һ˫ɫ۾·ȫ˫۾ʱܶȻ˫۾Ȼġ 
ˡ 
һΪʱ˲û졣ƽ䣬ͱȵмơҾ˵ңƺǴ˷һġ 
ҽǺܷ㡣ǡ˺Ȼһض¡ 
ͷ 
ʱҲע⵽˵ĺһСԲεĽƬ滹һɫ塣ÿ˵һֵʱ򣬾ͷһ¹⡣֪Ѿ޷ƾԼڽˣֻͨе 
ɫͷǣǡ˵żǰһǵġǿŷĺ 
˿ڣǶ˵ƺ԰ⴹ˾ŵ˵۾¶οɫܺãеս񣬱Ͼȥˡ 
ҵҲڰ͡Ϊڰ͵ĺڰ͡ǲ֡ʱʱ̿ǣ顣 
Ӧһڰˡҳ֮ǰҵĸȴڰ;սˣĸΪһ¹ʶˣҲúҲȥˡҵͺ޷º 
ǸĸµĻе󣬽ʹûеƾеһֱ˽졣 
ѾһһʮˣٻˡܼеսĺҺܸˣΪ֪ǵҵʹ˶ϾеսĻֽԶҲΪڰ͵ĺûʸ˵Ļɡ 
ǽʱģĵһڰͣڰŲһйϹʱڵھʹͽͿͰͿų&amp;#8226;ԹþսǼӲϡЩҲȫ棬ΪУǰͿԪռеĸǼӲǶ޷۲⵽ˡ 
ڣŷĺҰһУԼ֯ȫˡ̩˵ĳҲζţͿսӭյ㡣 
ҵߵյ㣬֪Ǳؽȡʤ 
һУӱѵ̣ӹٵ裬Ǻġ 
Ϣ˼Сʱ¾ͺ¬ʼ˽ŵокܷḻʳˮԼҪļһʡΣϾһʱܾݵ㡣 
˵ȴˣôҵģ˿ʵȿ 
ҪҴˣҸоҡ 
һΪ㲻ںء˿ЦҡҡͷӦͬɣ 
Ǿͱˣ˵˵ôһҵôصĵطģ 
ȴ̩µϢָҡ 
ôô֪ȴ̩µϢģ˿ɵʵʵ˵ҶҲеȤ 
ЦˡЦЦܺÿ 
ѡϢһֽϵļˡȴ̩һַʽµϢһϢ¼֮УȻԼ֮ǰ꼴ڤʶ֮ǰ˲䡪˲껹ʶѾķħӡһħ֮Сħ䱻һռڣȻͶһͶӰ硣ͶӰܴ󣬸硣һ̩ˡҲңʱͶӰܵҵĴڣǽͷųֻ̩˵ĶʲܶеϢ嶼޷ܵ΢仯Ĵڡ 
渴ӡ˿Ȼ󿴿ǣѾͷ˵ɶô 
һҡͷʲôʲôͶӰ֮ģȫİĴʻһͷˮֻɳҹ¶˼飬Ǻһҡͷ 
˿ǲģʲôʲôһֽĻжд֣ 
٣ֻ·ǳ̵Ϣ˵ 
ܻصĴںķʽ²ǺٵϢܹ˵İɣ˿ʡ 
Ҹ㽲°ɣһŴ̩ͯ¡˵Ȼ󲻹˿ҪҪֱӿ 
ںܾúܾǰһλĹһӢమǹĸ׷һ𣬾ͰŮһͨĸϣֻһȴڡûҲû㹻ӡΪ˾ȹҵܳܳһϸһ΢һЩһֺܴܽʵȴءùϸٰԴֵϵϸ棬ȹϸ߰Դֵȥٰ֮Ѵϵϸ棬ùϸ߰Ѵȥ˳Ŵһܵˡ 
ðɣһճ˽ӹС˵byߣ 
Ƚ¿Ƕˡ 
еǾ仰ϸߡָȥһطиΪϸϢ 
Ժڰ;뿪 
 



15

       ҲΪҪΪڰ͵𣬵֪϶йϵ ֮ԼŻһٶ껹ֻΪмŲ¡ 
£·ˡǣңȻ御ȥ˵δһ¡ 
˹ˡ 
ˣԴӺ֮󼸺һֱڰԵ״̬У˿һһȥʱȻԵ˺ҿ²ϵġȻѹ֮ȻϲֻҪ˿һۡһۣ̱졣 
¬ʹѾȫˣҪôһأһԹ˿ǡ 
һͰͿһģǹˡһıʼǱζضţͷҲ̧˵ 
Ǿ֪һûʲô¡˵ҲҪ濨˹˵֮ҪһΪ¬һǰ飬ܸо¬ϣ˹ 
ԴСͺ˷룬һֱŹֵĥ¬˵˹ͬȻԼͬͬϾͬ 
ȥɡɳƱϵ۾ԭǸ۾ѾڰͿļˣ⸱۾ǰҵġ֪ɳʵûʲô⣬۾ϰʹȻһѾܾòˣǵһ֧ûеȼ̡ 
пǣȻԳǰͿѣӦ֪һЩǲ֪顣ܴ̳õ 
˹ôƽδˣϴ򶨵΢Ц 
󣬵Ƕ˵ˣһʱŵص֪ʲôҶ˵һҪǣʲôܴ򵹰Ϳġ 
Ϊʲôţҹ費ɫʣ˹΢ЦΪѰһ˶ԼܸЩŵĶԲԣ 
Ȼһ˶ԼܸЩš 
˿ЦѣΪֹֻһ˲ͣ˵ǰͿѣͿûжκαʾأ 
˹ЦΪǻϰԵ뷨ȥƲͿ뷨ɵǣúһɣͿ࣬һһѾ꣬Ѿͳһǧ 
òϿ˹˵ĶԣҵǱʶУһֱѰͿһͨ౩ȻҲ֪һҶûоĸҲΪɳҲ˵ǶûмͿ 
أҹȻ²ʵ˹ܻãʮꣿһꣿ˶ֻܻô̶̵һʱ䡣ʱǻ˴ϧѵĴڡǶڰͿ˵İֻĽӽУһ΢Ĺ͡ѣΪǶĳЩйͬȤҪҸʲôңǣ磬˵΢ĶΪǴڵʱ˵̫ˡ 
ھǹʮڰͿԣû̫𡣡 
ȺȻڵ 
Ϳ·Ҫߵͷˡ 
˹ΪȻغһҪ˵ʲôȴû˵ 
԰׵ĵƹ£ȵļ׵ý͸ 
ڶһ磬º¬ڼͷо˶뿪˻أֻҿſ˹򵹰ͿɲֱӿǼӲȻȱֱȥô򵥣һսǳȥϴҴ֯˿ΪַḻҲɳȥ˾ʦûʲôжϤļһȻ֮󿴴ŵķˡ 
¬ƽһŽϣĹܵ·ϣͼ̨ӵĻеһЩеϲͣذᶯһЩأʱʱһЩɫƽ϶ȡһЩȫĶ¬ʱʲôо 
ֻǾúۣÿ꣬úۡ 
Ҳʹ£᲻¬˺ȴֻ˵ֻܾ¬ 
ʱ˲



16

       ڶ̶̲һµʱɳ˵ͳ˧˸һ֧ӡܰͿϣó˵Ѫĺڰ֮Уڿϣϣͬҹ֮еĻ⣬ͬɶɳ¡ սܿͱˡ 
ҼսװսʿϣͿµ˲ӶԶԶ޷ɳ쵼ķȣսǰڣǼһֱȡѹԵʤĴ󲿷ֳжܿ챻ƣֻ׵ҪȻڰͿСȻǶĵֻǰͿˣܻܰͿĻȡõʤֻӰѡǰеսĽѵɳڸǼӲͱȵһֱҹšһ޴ĶĲע˵δһⳡĲʧˣɳԶҸδɡϺһС 
䡣 
ȻΪͿľսҪʱսַ˱仯Ϳͳǳ˯֮õսˣ˺ӱ֮ǵĸط˫˽ŵ״̬֮С 
ⳡսУҺͼ¡¬һ𣬶һֱսԶλáսУһ˵ĽٸҲûôº¬ڲϵǼӲķɳᷴһҪһʧΪǼӲĵʮ־ˣֻڵĿռдں̵ܶһʱ䣬޷ΪҪʹá˱ؼʱ̾׼ؽܴﵽĿġ 
ֹһʱ䣬սֿʼԽˣɳŷḻλ˿սڰֶ˺ܶЩ󲿷ǰƵģǾɳĶĿͺֻ࣬Ҫڻָս֡ 
ⳡսҵĻ԰׶ζҸ˶ԣսֻ֮似ĶԿֲĴģսҵңΪǼ飬ҿܸͲҪ̤ս 
ɳͺܽꡣһΪʥ衱ĻڱͿľӼΧڵսУɳֳȥΧԺҹ趼Ѿһ֧Ͷսʱɳ᱾˵ӣֻңº¬ҪǣʥһЩΪҪļаɳͳķҪԼصλáЩϱǴתƵսԶһȥڻС·ʥظʱͿˣȳʥصСȻǿֿȻڲԮٽʱɳ˾ 
ҪȥһΡ 
Ȼס 
С˵ڵش󣬲ս̫Σˡ 
ЩϲͿСɳƿ£ȴס֣ 
ȥңȥ 
ɳĽҲɷȻдŲݷļ 
㲻ҵ𣿡¶ɳ۾ɳҡͷҵȻ˽ʵȥ϶ʲô⡣ҪǹڸǼӲġ 
Цˣ֪ô˵ڹװѾӽˣͼֽƷҲһ룬һ˵һһزκһеʦ԰ 
˵ʷϣɳᵱʱıдһ˵ɳԥͬµҪһ˵ɳͬġ 
ʱڳɳԥˣԥ˺ܾá 
ǴӦˡ 
´һֻһʮ˵Ԯˣһʮɳȫӵһ롣ڹη磬ŵϢ֮ǰ¬֣֤Լܿ׼ 
ҪżûҾͻˡ 
ȻӯһԽҰȥ 
һο¡ 
СʱͨߵͨѶ㱨ս 
Ҫ⣬̫ˣǰͿӣֻڻû£ʱҪԮܶס㲻żûбĲܵæ 
ߵͨѶвʱǹͱըսǳҡɳ۾ΪѪúܿ£ڵʱҲİٹ֮⡣ֹ˴ŰСʱɳ¶ģ´ 
ļ޷ȫĻ;͵٣ͻΧ̫ͻΧɳ˷ɫ԰ֽȥӦ㣬ס 
Ȼ׾ҪоԱǰס 
㲻ȥ˵˵㲻ա 
ܲôˡɳ˫ĿѪ죬Ұסļ磺ȥȥ 
ɳԥһ¡ҵʵεģҪȥȵӡʱһֱĬļҲߵߡ 
ҺͰһȥ飬Ҳһ 
ɳضҵ۾һӣȻãһҪ´ 
֪Ĵ󽣡ɳĳŵһûֵܶĳŵ 
Ȼ֪ʱɳȥˣҲһȻȻ޷ֵĳŵޱȵΡ 
ɳʣµֳһ˸ǡʥؾشԼʮȫǰĻһСʱܸϵǰһϣ˾һʮˣɳʿ֮һ 
ȫûȥ;ľߵһֱɳµĶԻתʥصļսըͺڶµһֱƽ 
µĲˣ󲿷ֶѾѾʼöڽзأģͷһļ֤䵽Ϳ 
סȥӦˣɳἸǳŲӺ 
𣿡µߵЩģ壺ţҲأҪһ㣬ǽӽʱҪעΣİΧƺһ㣬Դͻ롣ԣˣǴ󲿷ֶˣӦӦ 
Ȼߵдһ̶ıȻȫˡҸеȫѪȼգ޲ֱӷɵʥء 
˴ʮ֮ѾԿԶ̣ǹڵˡʱǾʥѾʮʮ֮ھܸϵ 
ҸҪһʱߵдµ 
ҵĲѾȫԱڵĵҩþսеѾ٣ͨߵ豸ĲоĻеʦΣʹõǹƵͣĲ롣 
ȻɳĺУҪʲôסϾҪˣ 
Ҳߵ𣺡ټʮӣӣϾ͵ 
µڿлصѾͻʥصĴţܿҪҵˡҲ²ġ 
Ԥͷƽ˵ţҪԷĽǹ֮أɱɳǸˡҪɳˡ 
ס֣ɳߵ·ѪµȴȻƽˮˡɳᣬҰ㣬ˡ 
Ȼ֮һƬͻļžʥصķ򣬵ƽϺȻһǿ⡣â˵ҫۣһ˲ȫʧ֮µļʵĵͬڵˮһĵͳŴش 
ʹߵ˾ɫȻڷʹ 
ХӭʱͬľŴӿд֪ʱǾʥصľֻʮһһ㣬ȷ֮ڸϵ 
ϧ̫ˡ 
ʱ̣˱ʹԱеʹʥΪԲģ뾶߹֮ڵһжΪɻңرͷӵһ֮⣬Ľ˺ǧΪͿЧҵ˶µƷ⼸ǰͿ²ӵȫرȻûʹıըҲܵشһֱͿ򵹣Ҳûٻָ 
µͻȻɳĴҲܴ󡣶Һͼ񣬸Ǹ޷ȥԼʹеɳᡣ 
 



17

       ΣǻҪȥġʹķŭƽϢ֮ǸϵʥԭڵĵطϣܹҵµһʲôҲϵɰʯȵ̽ţʹźѥҲܸе´ըĺ򣬵ѾҺ̺һƬһ⻬ƽأճӰʱ޷̤㡣һƬɫģԲΣпȥһֻ޴۾˳֮ۡ ãȻվ֮۵ıԵ֪ʲôźáѾӦɳҪ°ȫĴȥ嶼ҲҺͼ񣬻кһɳʿǣվµȴǵҲԽԽ䡣 
󣬳ϵߵˡɳ 
ɣҶɡ 
ǰʥԮʱʥ෴ķҲһ֧ӣ֧ӵͳ˿յµԮ֮һʱʥأ̫ԶˣϵصĸʱӹƵԡҸصʱ˿Ѿڻˡ 
ˡ˿ֱӳ߹ҵͷҪ˵ʲôȻǰһһתһعԼѾ˵ذϣһȫľˣǻѪȵϢŷӦղ˿һ⡣ͷ 
ǸʲôԵģ˿ʧ̬سҴֻܵͷԲ𡭡 
ҵǸиƨð˿ŽţһѾסҵӣҺӲקسɫҰ׵ɳǰ˵˵ 
˵ʲôɳ˵ңȴΡɳᰴס˿֣ⲻǰĴ 
Ǵһ𣬾ûԼƽڴϡ 
һֻҵ֣ҿ¬۾û𱸣ֻıһЩʱ򣬸Ľ춼ϻ˰ءһλڹƵµģ󲿷˶֪ʲô顣 
ûȥοɳᣬû˸ʱ˵ֻԣɳһССĸţʲô˵ֻһ֧һ̡֧ſţǾվ棬ƵſƮ·Ļǡ 
˿ºûңҲⲻҵĴκ¶µ˭ȥһġÿ˶飬ÿ˶ûҡ 
Լ 
һٵĽŲϢĳţҹ豳ǸشŵľǹҴҵشΧڸȺߵſڣվסȻ棡 
ɳƵʲô£ 
ǸոյϢάѾǵĲӣɳὫĵǲ 
仰ΧǶ̷׷׵дźͱղЭ˷ܣɳҲ˵һ䣺̫ˡ 
ҹڣʵά˭ 
һǹ֣˳ǹˡͬػشҵ⡣ 
ҵ֪άǸһˣԼȻҲǷߣȴܾκηֻ֯һƮĴͿĲӡ˵߷ͿһӪľսǸ֯£ĶȻΪʮָ߰κһ£мһˡ 
ڶʱ֣άˡһҹδߵɳȥӭ 
άشԼʮ£һͷ޼룬źɫĿ£Χһѩ׵ΧļߣòãӢ䲻Ͷ֮䶼һ˵ơͬһâ䡣 
˵˵飬źάɳᣬ֡ɳҲ֣лл 
άûк֣һѽڻļ 
ǰͿǷµѪծǻֻ 
ʱﴫһ͵Ǻ 
˵̫СͿˡ 
˹һǹϡάȻӵɳᣬƽ죬еǹһƮ 
˹ʹһ֪˫һӵֻҲһ 
ҵʱֻһǹ죬άظûһۡ 
 



18

       ۹άصǹͬΪǹֳԵǹҲǿ֣֪ϱȲάء жࣿʡһ£ʵ㲻ֺ˿һܣжʤ㣿 
ҿЦʣĹͷˡ 
ԵͷԣҺάصĲҲô󡣡 
Ҳǫ飬ҲٵʱǹȲάءȻʮԵŮѾΪάزµǹ⵹δԤϵġֻϧȻг׵ǹȴȱȣǼ̳ĸ׵ˬֹ۵Ըѡ 
һάõǶǹǹһǹҪţأװžĻơάظңΪ貽ǹĻرǿģѰǹǹԽϡ 
ҵǿҪ£ɳͬҹͳķֶǰǰߡҾұȥʲôҲȷʵڰɳᡣάȻɳĶ飬Ȼֶκһ֧ӣҲͱһж 
ʵάس˸֮߰⡣ҲǸܺˬϸĵˡʱ˿ˣһάءԸ˵Ǻܿ޻˵ѡ 
Ҳ쵼һ֧СսǰߡͳħŵıȿȥȻֻŮʵѾ֮꣬УսḻġĲҲһֱǷ߾еƣսһֱλս˿˿ܲȴҲ޿κΡ 
¬ҲҪһȥǰߣǱȰֹˡ£¬İȫҪǲðһա 
ʥ֮УΪ۴ݻ˰ͿΪӮ˱սȨ֮ͿǽڽڰˡҺҹڵĲԼһŵı׵ƽĹмûмԱͿе˲һһЩֱ˲Ȼֿǵ̫١󲿷˶ʥһΪˡ 
ڵսϣߴԼһٹ֮ǱڵĶţǰ˿ͳļ⵶ӪͿ֮ԲһҪԭ֮һڴӴ֮ǰǵͳ˧Ѿ˿ɱ˿ڰͿͳĺĻҶİȫһֱΪġ֪޷ʧȥκһĴ˿ԼȴּΣյĹ֮¡óǳֶںڰĽȻ䲻ض߰ҧһھܵսʽ 
żǻߵ졣˿ڿرԹ 
άǼһȥҹϮͿĵʮߺ͵ʮžָҴĸǱ룬ԼһȥԮˣǽ˻󰡡 
ġ 
ȻҲһ˳żҲӲͷ 
ǰ֮ڣǾһ顣һཨƵļǿţֱأа˸Ӫıǵһ󲿷ˣʯˡ 
ʯǷͷʹĶ֣٣𣬶Ҳ֪ʹ֪־塣 
ͷǣЩ˾ھϾԷڰͿÿһ˶սʿ챻ɱҲʿ䣬սзֱǰȴĲսߵһһ֧ͼҷսƽãʱϾҲֻܵԶ֡ 
ǣһƬһƽƽԭش޷޷յС 
ֻӲƴˡҹŷһֻѹϵսͼ˰Сʱüë޿κε˵ 
ʯ˵ںˡ֮ǵĸкֶսµͷ֪ǵĻѴʯ˺װ׼ȷںˡĽһЩҪͬʱԸôʯˣҲͷ۵ġ 
Լĵˣֻƾ賵ʹҴڳĺǵսȻŻɢˣһ𡣵Ȼ˵Щ̸ֻֽʵսսֲǵƾȵļƻܹҵġ 
ݲеʦ˵ı棬оѾͦҷʮﴦĿǰооٶȣһСʱǾͻῪʼӴ 
ҹ߳´ָʾȻĬĬһ¡ 
Ȼҡվҹûпңֻ˵ЩԶûжҾҿԶ˵ 
Ҳ֪ôش𡣺Ů˴򽻵ҵǿ 
ҺۡҹгƣҶ𣬾һֱսһֱսڡ˵ģҺĽ£һӢȥҲ˵ɥֻѹܴ̫ˡʱһ룬ܹսսҲһҸɡ 
ԽԽͣʼ״Σ󣬱ϥسҾվ󣬿ǿŮ˷йԼıˡֹͣ˿վᣬתҡ 
ղ˵ʲô𣿡۾еףѾҹп޹ĺۼҡҡͷʲôû˵ 
ҹЦЦţͰɡʤ֮ҿܻȥ˽Ŷ 
ӭ㡣ҲЦЦս˽ 



19

       ңԶĵƽϣսƸաһߵķҲ׼ϡҹһǹʦӪŸǺװ׵ĳ׼ҹߣǿѹšз·һϸϸıңһͻ䶯 ʯ˵Ӱսи֡úԶȻܸһǿҵѹȸС˾Žʯ˱ʯ˾޴Ϊڻǵرƽһ£ܿľͽӽһٸʯһͻأֲجΡ 
ǧסҹ۾żⷢ׼ͨߵǹʦ´ 
缤׼ 
ʼᣬһٸǹϷĹâгƤľ硣 
ʯƶٶƺ죬ǴΪǵӴĹϵʵȫǰʱٽӽʮܿˡԶԶĿһĳǽ 
һǧף׼ؿڵĲλλһĿ꣬ÿһ˲䣡ҹƽš 
һǧס䣡 
һ£мⷢǹͬʱˡһ˲ͷţҫ۶ĿɫƳֱȥʯ̵ȥһƬǸʯȻԭƽ 
߰ʮףڶη׼ܰٷ֮ʮ壡 
еľһž졣 
ף䣡 
ڶ֮ʯ˵ĳǽ˼ȱڡ־Ѿܹʯ˺ǳס 
׼սѻ֣ 
ܼǹ𡣸ֻǹսϿֲĽֻǹĶǹֻṹܹһڷһǧöٳǧ׵ĸٵ裬ʮֻͦǹһԽκ档Ǹֻǹӵʯ˵ɱǳޣӵԹᴩǺصܱͬһʯ˵ٶȻʯ˵ڻºХųǹƽ֮󣬾ѻǹǵ͹ԳܶԶֻǹǾȼߣÿһǹһ˵ȥȻǹԶǹǹΪⳡ»һ 
ӵ˽̵ʼսⲫһֻвӵʱ䡣ڼҹֳһսָӹٵȫʣȻһʼս˵ֳǹͲǹڽսƲڵٺԸ˻УٶӦԲϾҹ轫еľѻǹز֣嵽ŵĴǹϣȻڡǹݻ汾غʵͨһ̶װù̶ʹߵϣ̺ܽȻͷϴʺҹֱڵս 
ڽⲫս֮ǰһ˲䣬ҹȻ˵һ仰 
Ѿˡ 
ʲôͷϵ亹ˢˡҹ˵Ի֪ˣ͵յҵʬ壬ҪԿ 
֪ҹ赱ʱѾҵУϻҲ֪ԼҲս֮ǰŷġҹ躦Լս֪ԼѾ˺ӻ޷ܴԲҪȥʬ塣 
һͷҹǰճǣеķꪵͷ¡ҹڻһ˵Ӷը÷飬ȥǸԽʯ˵ڻʯҲ֮Сͷ˷һҹһѽҹ賶ԼֳһգͷͬʱѪ¡ҶԸҲѾᳵ·ˣǶֻĶӣڷط漸ȫԼ˻òƬڲء 
쵰ҵһҹ裺㻹ս 
ҲǸ֪ҹһڽһͷƽ˵áҺȻսǰȻֳŮ۶ôǿĸҲġ 
ҳȥӲӲؽһͷ˵һȻ޽һøʱķƵƤϲһҹ䣬ͷֽ˱ˣȻ˵ʲôɵʱôܺ󳷰 
ֻսȷʵûˣҳ°һ˵Կ룬˳һŰʬ߷ɳȥǣΪĺӣûȥ 
ҹûд𻰣˳ء 
ⲫսĿʼһܼǹ죬ǹԽԽϡ裬սʿֻƾǵؿǹڽս֮Уǹʯȫ޿κΡڿʯ˵һ޴ĴӣⲢܶʯЧ˺ 
ҩ飡øеףҹһָһ߻ڣúؽʵһ˵ԿϣſڵϣȻһŲסĺ󱳣һըļ׵ŨϢڿҿڸ޵оɱ¾Ϣʼ˷ 
Ȼһ죬ǰΪļճһȭɣʯ˱ҹ辡ߴƶԱս֣ͬʱϵ´ָҲΪǼйĿꡣһž޽ߣˡ 
սҲ֮ǰѾɳᣬҲԡ 
κˡ 
轣ɣڵ赸 
ɣý濪ʹ 
׼ɣꡣ 
սɣҫ֮ҫߵĵã 
ҴһԾһʯ˵ͷ­룬ȻڿоҹȥǡĽһͷ˵󾱴룬͸һ⽴Ĺͷ촷ۡʬֱأ棬Χһõڵءҳ齣Ǵ㵵һ˲ӳ 
ͬӳָܸе⣬ѪܡѣѣѪܶѣѪͬҵϡҾֵط֣ԼЦ 
ºҵʱûбʴҵȻȫǸ塣ҳɱĿ֣ȴûԼκ 
ºⳡս˵дΪ˱ҹ裬նʮͷʯ 
ÿԺ˵£ǶЦǱΪ˲ҵ߹ԺɳᣬʵΡʵǡºҺҹ£˵ʬѻɽܹƴʬ峬پߡ 
һ̣ҹȫƿ˿ 
һ̣ҾµĿޡ 
 



20

       ҲòϣһһĸУҵʵԶҹ裬Ȼս֮ʱҹ𵽵ȷʵҸֻһһɱϳˣҹڷսʱȻ侲жսƣ´ȷָʾ߱ʣһӦеʡ ҪģǱ 
˵ĿԽԽ٣ǶʯȻ޲ߡҹ賢ԹøеԸǡνеǰѳĲӵھԵڣԵѣͷšǵҩרǵֺϷԸ˺ЧӵûлҪҲ˵ԣȻʯȴһףڴصĵܲԻʯ壬޷ԺĲλвʵҪ˵ӵǳ粣̵ĸеҲʯͷΪ 
ֻҪĲƻʯ˾һֱԻҿԴĸ첲Ȼ費ݡ 
ڣ˵Ĺϡҵ˫Ҳʼеƣǿ޵壬Ҳм޵ġҺҹΧ˲ȱʬ壬ǵʯϮʱһҪҹԶһһĻһаոɵʯˣڶʯһӵʱҲֻǿԱѡ 
ʯ˸߾ŴȭͷһһҵسǳһѲߵô˿־޽ɨһʯ˵¡ʯͷһǣһһѳסҹĸ첲ҹڿУڿʯ˵ĲըһȱڡʯײһֱһͶûѾšһˡһ￴Ȼһתͷֳ˹ֻһ߶һնɱˡ 
ҹջؽţ䡰ҪôԸֲʯ 
ȥչ鲻ǰ취ٸʯǵкֱײֻж㿪ǣȥûûˣʯƣ 
ԸѪ֮а취ǶԷʯͷʱͷˡҹ˵öԣֲʯ˵ʯҲԸļһ 
ʯʯҵȻһ 
еʱһʦҺӳΣڽ⿴йڿһɽ·ɽɽǼӲľʯ֮ǳǳİӡǵķǼգʯͷպ֮󳷵ϴסڸеʯͷѸȴʱΪȲӦըѡ 
缸ûɽҲû־顣 
˵пöѸȴֶ𣿡Ҽסһ˵˴̹ĳꪣҹһںԴУҩʦٶͱףǿЩʯͷ˲䣡 
Ȼ󶳣Һ 
ҹǴˣ˽ҵ˼ͨߵ´ָ 
ǹӪ룬ûɨʯˣҩ׼䶳 
ܶʱֻҪҶ˷Ϳ׿˷һЩ޷˷ѡսתһ˷ʯ˵ЩԶʯǼĲܱȣʯ˵ܿ챻յͨ졣 
Ȼ˻˻䶳׺ͱܼȲĿֱϺ̹ǡ 
ǻðҹ购ŴǼһֱǱܱߴϾǸŮˡЦЦŰɡ 
ʯ˳̸һ˪ǿȥƺûʲôӦǺܿ죬Ч˳ſ꿦Ĵ죬ʯǴӴʼѳɾ޴ʯ飬ķѵ䵽ϣѪĳ 
ʵѳɿʯȻûѾܶˣͨʯͷûʲô 
ҹ賤һ΢ЦźҶһۡ 
ʣ˵ͺðˡʧȥʯڻȫ¶˵ǹ¡ڴҴںõսɢĳʯ˵鶼谭档ɫʼ谵ʱսˡ 
һ㲻ļսԷȫҷһϾµ˲ʵĻӡڿԽܵķΧ֮ڡսĹͨʿȥҹƣؿһļճ£һֱĴǹжһˡ 
Ǹе죺һе飬ȱԡ 
ŶûСû˵֪ǰָӣҿɲӦ 
ȻԺɳ֪ҹ֮󣬲ҹǿҿ飬Ӳǰǰߵ˺󷽡Ѻ͡ȥġ 
Ҫлˡҵ˵ЦЦ̫ˡѾˣͱҿˡ 
ҹغ֮ǰߣָ֪ԱĲϣҪɳһָҹλá 
ϵǣ˾Ȼһֱάء 
 



21

       άҲǸսָӹ٣ҲǣѾ޴֤ˡΪԴԺǼûĵֿͿĲӿʼԵˡӼ֮һսͲǰҹָӵսĴ⣬Ҫ鹦ڼǰһеʦսС鸴ʵжפڲһͿפطһö͵ʹʹųĨɷ˵ƶȡˡöʹһΪĸٷлеصģͬһž޴ӵٿؾͿдݻԶĿꡣ ڽÿǲͣǰƽսߡ߼¼һһҹƽһʮܿ죬Ѩ׵ʹԶĵƽϡ 
Ȼʤʱ̣ȴ˲Ϣ˵ֻǾ˵ɳ֮Ѻۡ 
Ҷǲ顣ɳԲһֱܵսѣ˽˹ϵҲֵһСҸ֮ìܡȻִңڵ޷Ӳĳ̶ȡ 
˵Ѿʼһα˴˰ǹϢԲҸάأұصȥһΡ 
ĴҲ˵Ҹû˽ҲʡȥһҲáȥĿܻᶯҡάͬҵҪ 
һλص˰ء 
ڻȥ·ϣһϢԷ˿˹˵ɳԴ˼Ϊŭ 
ұͽǵиǳơԺɳ֮ķ˳ͻҵӦΣ 
ûȥ˼⡣ 
Ȼһص˰֮еɢˡ 
ԺɳһӭҡԻӣɳһЩվһʱ޼ӡ 
һˣܸеʵģ١ 
¬ҲһЩȥѾǴǰѻ֪ԼĹֲаͬʱҲȡɵϣ֮ҲҵԼڵ塣 
ڶԹо㣬һֱڰ𣚣ָ¹ĻеʦǡмԹ˰ǰѾҪĲ֣װѾɣҽйʵ顣 
ҹ迴ҵʱ򣬻죬ƺҵҲðеϢԡȻΪĸϾϲöڴġСѾ΢΢¡ҪҲˡ 
ǹ͵ʱһʳеɻ 
˵ˣСĵʵԺɳһЦһͷ 
ţȷʵˡɳ˵ֻһСìܡսȨ⡣ 
Եһƣɳ˼ʱҪ齨ڶʱǿȨµΪӦ齨Ժ񡣡 
أʡҶβ˽⣬ҲϣΪֵ 
ûʲô˳ȻɡͲ֮ˡЦЦôǶ˴ֵ֧ġ 
ȻɳЦŶƱһ£ȻһڡҵҲȥ 
ѽҵġԼţλ֪֪洫ʲôˣҥ˵Ѿ˴ǹˡ 
ôҹЦˡ 
ҵаˣȻһֲռҵͷ 
֪ΪʲôֲʮǿҡԳߣԴ·ȥߡ 
棬㾲 
ҹɫ˽翴ö࣬Ҳö࣬ˮһ¹£·һж͸ɫ¹ţһ˿ҵһ 
Ժɳ֮СС磬ǵԸ񣬿϶˽µĽ̸˽µĽ̸нġ˽µ̸ôͼӴִ֮ģҵһ׼ȥɳʣȻע⵽һʯЩ 
һڱǿʯէʼΪ˯ˣҸеϢ 
̽һ廹ůģѾûͺ˿һöִͭ׶ض˼׵ 
ҾνһߵءȻڲԶ˵ڶڱʬ塣 
Ұһãæȥ 
ºҲɢȥҥԾԺɳһҹҲڻеĻ롣 
 



22

       ҼԿ϶һδɱʵ֮ǰ԰ͿĲӸ߼ԱѾʵйδɱǶԷδͬķʽԷҪԭǰ巴ǵ֯Ϊɢɱָӹ٣Ҳ޷Է߹ɴ𺦡 ڲͬһɳԱ̣֧ܻʱ߽⡣ 
ڴĽŻǺúõģ˿Ҵ⣬ֱ̽صĴſɤŴе񣡣񣡣֡ 
֮ȽмΪڻԼʵǿһӦˣмڻðܶࡣһûк꣬ڰкȻбһӰֱ˹붼룬ӽͷն¡ 
ӰȻ˫һ٣һģžһҵĽסҷνȻ˿ 
ʱ΢ĹҲſ壬ǲһˡ 
һСŵʯˣӲߣֻԸһ㣬ǼΪ׳޷һôϢġĸҺҪֵϣ޴ֱ۸߸𣬼סҵĳ޷жֵʱŴªʯͷϺȻѿһ϶Ҹʶͣһɾӭұܵɿ˫һɣһöƽĽ׶ҵıǼӹ顱һұǽ 
ڱƺǱⶫɱġҾƳԱһСʯ˵ĶΪһץҵĳɨˣձܿһʯ˾һؿڡˣѾǽڡʯһθ߾ٳӭͷն£ָվһѩİ׹䴩 
ⶫӦòеʹָ࣬ƺĳִװٿصġˣָһɣѾءȭͷǵͷҸеһδӦѴӲһƷһӳһصʯͷֱѾڵϡʯͷ﷢һҡ˹˵Լ󣬳һᣬǰ 
Ȼǹ졣ʯ˵Ȼס󹪽ȫһΧŻһ˪ϵ 
ʯ˽Ƭ̣ȻһƬĵˣŸϵ 
ɳվʯ˵Ĳк֮еǹڻð̡ԶһЩĵطҹ贩˯£żⷢһϡ 
ʱͷϵ亹 
ǶˡҼ𳤽𵶣üͷʲô 
ͿİɱñʯɳüͷⶫΪʲô 
ͷһֱ벻ͨȻȻʡ߹ȥеˡ 
Ժɳ֮СС֮شȥ飬Ӧֻһ˲Ż 
˹ 
˹ԳǰͿѣǱǷôãͿȫûӪĶ򣬾ܿ˹ΪͿĹΪѹ˲òɡΪ˹ǰͿⰲ֮еߣôͿԽ͵ͨˡ˹屻˿˽ƣѾһͨˣ϶ĳЩǲ˽ֶϵǲϢ 
ǲ֮ǰҲ˻ɣ¬ķֲɱֻýߡ 
ΪѾ޷ڰڲȡ鱨һߣɱ߾ˡ 
ҵķɳ˵еֶ൱ĵӣǰͿ˵⡣ 
Եͷ˵ǰͿ⣬ǵ˽⣬Ϳ˲мڲȡֶΡҲûⷽ롣 
ҿ˿ѾƬô˵ǿɡһﻹͦѶԸġ 
Ŀɳ᣿·Ȼһ̧ͷ˫ĿԲ 
¬¬أ 
ҵһĶô¬ûɲѡ̰ȳ¬ķܹȥɳͼҺ档ҹҲҪȥܡ 
¬ķǽյġ 
ţ¬㻹𣿡 
û˻ش 
ҽȥˣֽһȻһ߿š 
 



23

       ¬ƽڴϣϸŰɫı̺˫ۣһ Ŀг˾塣 
Ĵͷһһµˡ 
˵̲ס˸սκ˿ս 
ҲǸӢˣڣķ֮һɲİ̺۸ţֻ۸һ۱ͻȫû촽ֱ¶档 
ԭǱӵĵطֻڶ 
һǹǹڶ¬ĺ 
ǽ˺̵ЦЦЦǸʧ 
Ȼ󻺻³ǿѹסȥĳ嶯ʵ˭ 
Цŵ˭ 
Ȼǹһ¬¬һʹ 
Ұ¡΢Цţǹ¬ϵı̺ 
ҵĳȥǹԹԵذѳذϡȻ󼪸Ҳĳһ¡ 
¬ؿϣһƴСİɫ顣ЦСǸͿսıǮءǸŮ˰Ѿѻǹ¡֣нһе 
ǶӦϵʲôɡЦһɷʽװãֻҪҵɿǹָָ¬ǰǶȻְǹڵ¬ĺϣöСͶƵըͻըŮŶ 
ϵ㡣ɳ˵ʲôӣҶϵ㡣 
ǺǡЦˣܰЦÿһЦҶеһ䡣 
û촽Ц˵ҲôЦ˫۶һֱľײе顣 
ʱһֱ룬˵һϳӣǾһˣɳᡣ 
ԺȻҲǺף 
ֿͣ¶ѩ֮ĺڶǺǣѾˣҵĴǡôͿ˵ĹǸְɣ 
ɳʹĵҡҡͷףôӣ 
ף˵һӣǰ˵ҪлءǴҲҵܵһʹ࣬ϧϧûɱ£ź 
죡ͽԵͺս˫ȭ 
˴ʱѾˣԽԽ࣬û˸ҿ¬ķһ 
ȥйļһɳǴǰйĻԹʱҲûʡ 
ͽͽЦͽԭͽֺݺǹ¬ĺһ£ҽǰǹķ£һ 
һƬǹеصصͷǺǣͶˡҾǣһŶ 
㾿ʲôɳʵ 
ҵõֻɱԣ˳СҲһɵǸԴûðЦЦֻҪɱСͺáȻҲɱҪǰȫذҺͳȥȻֻ޿κεؿ 
һֱĬļȻڵ붼롣 
ٺ٣ǿŴУЦ˽ģ˽ҵĿ°Сôǰ𡭡ΪʲôǶôң 
Ӽ񿪿˵һ̣Ҿ֪ĹѾˡһ뵵ļµϻرɫԼȴȫûв 
ѪʼͣıǿףĶ۽Լȴȫûиоһ 
Ȼɫ˫Ŀ 
һƣѵƴ򿪣ôҪʲôҾǣֻҪҵһɿ 
ɿĻ㾡ɿˡ񲻽˵ʰɵ 
Ѫɴɵشӹ֮ӿ۾ѾˣǶܿ͸ϻɫͲϣ˫εץ˫֡ 
ǹ־ԵſǹϡɷʽһֱգֱͻѪѣɲ 
Ǹʧܵİɱߡᵶ򹷣ķϻ̫ˡ 
Ȼһն˹Ĳӣǿųªͷ­ڵϡ 
леʦѱըŪߡ˦ϵѪؿŽ˫Ѿʧ۾ɫĹȥ̰ŵϵѪ 
ըܿ챻ų¬˲СľšκŮӰҹʱŵòᡪ˿Ǹ⣬϶ԥؾһȭҹȥˡ 
ҽΪ¬ע򶨼ٴγ˯ȥԡɳᡢҹҾĴػ 
˵˵ɡ˵Ǹˣʲôˣ֮ǰʶ 
ԺɳᶼͷŽ¡ذϵѪѾϴʬѾԿڵ 
ףǰϼҹ֮һδ֮ǰĻеʦ 
 



24

       ںܾúܾǰҺɳỹǺӵʱǾѾҹ֮ˡ ǵĸĸһǷߣǵȱڷŰͿͳΡȻǶˣǺСʱǵĸĸҲڰͿ֮֡ˣעĽ֡ 
װֳһǡȻʮһǰǣױˡ 
־ʼҡǰᶨǿ뵽ܰͿĲ߷һ߱ڰͿ߹ 
ʱǶᣬʢҺɳ޷ܺ׵ľĴԱҹ֮Ϸ˺סȻսǵʱĻеʦ˺ܶ࣬һˣ˴󺣣ǶΪˡ 
ڣˡ 
׵Ĺ·ƿɳ¡绹˽磬ˣ໹Ǿ飬޷ԼżʱҲһΪźᱯˡ 
ڰͣ˼죬Ȼ󣬺һǰ׵ĹŶأ׼ͿľսҺԶɳҲǰǰߣɳִˡ 
ڰȫĺʲôãһβܴ򵹰ͿĻǶˡ 
͵ǰľսɳҪͶȫҲͲֹ 
ʱڣһֱ¬ͼһɳһֱǿʱ̣¬İΣԼҪҪĶࡣǻܰͿΨһϣ 
׵ȫͬĳУҵĸоӽӽ˽Ľ񡪡رĽ¾ɵĽֵϡĴڽ̷ĵͰƽһȻĸйӶƽ͡ѾΪ˷ָӲڵءǵʱѾפһõıһиķ߲Ｏᡣ 
һжȻζƽ죬ƽĿÿ˶С·´Ŷ 
¿ǶˣɳȥսΪطսѾˣڣֻ׵ǧڶƽԭϡ 
Ŀꡣ 
ǰļž֮ѹһǧı˺ͷŭı 
󣬱Ⱥ˿Ҳ˸ءֹһ죬άصĲҲˡ 
ͿһˣѾˡ 
һˣһ 
ǻеľӣֻҪԼţǾԶûȡʤ׵ɱ֮еÿһˣһһɱǱǿһٽ 
սҵȴƽ 
ģܹҪ 
ʮ֮ɳеĲӼϡӽʮ˵Ĵ±׵ƽԭŰͿ 
׵ƽ͸̽棬ͿһûоӵļȻͿľѾĲˣϾӡҲûе·ʲôûзһ 
˵ȫںǡ 
׵е˿ʼ½ܳ롣ǵļƻʹ׵ǽԶ̴Ȼ˿ȷ沿ȹʹ˲ӵĲ࣬ٷǲӣϱͿľս 
ȻֻϵսǷУԼʲô仯δ֪ 
Ǹҹһҹδߡû˷ܣûпֻţûмֻƽ 
һ˳⽫ǰͿͳµһҹһƽݶϣԶŵ׵ǡ 
ƻеǳΪһ塣 
и˴ұ߹¡ 
ɳᡣ 
Ϊһ𡣡˵ 
šɳһʱ󲿷ʱǺһġ 
ҪȡʤˡЦЦɳûЦֻĬĬؿԶ׵ 
ҴûҿԻſʤһ졣˺ܾãɳŵ˵ 
Ҫˡļ硣ɳֳĬһᣬȻ˵ 
ûܿʤҵĹǻ֮ɡ 
ûشɳվһƺҪ˵ʲôȻվûٿڣת뿪ˡ 
 



25

       ҲܳһУεսͿԵĵһʹͽ Ȼһ 
ڶʱ֣׵ڵѾϡҲѾ˶ԳеİΧȥһм󶼱ѾʤǸˬ峿һз·𶼳Ԥķչ 
Ȼ󣬻еʦ׵ǵķһöʹըҿöʹŻŨ̵β׵Ƿȥ 
Ȼڿбըˡ 
ͬг˵ڶ̫һʱĿä˴ӿϮըͶӰ·ĲɲǼݻ١ըλþԤıըԼжʮ߶ҲԤĸ߶Ҫ͡öʹûܹ׵κ˺شԼ 
ɳߵеӪǸʲô 
ǵķûƫʹպܵ˲ĸţ 
ʲô 
ɳȻֹͣ˺УؿԶ׵ 
ǵָӲһߵϣڳĹâ£ؿԶ׵ǡ 
Ҳˡ 
׵ǵģȻƬɫƣŨضŵڵסҰдԼ֮һա·һӰȥ 
Ȼ̾ͷ֣ʵơ 
һԳ 
ǰͿ 
һͳصͿԳȻӴ޳βϾӲͿܿܲ᡾С١񶯣һƬǵصĿ硣ĳ紵÷תڵϡ 
׵ڿն£ΰ׵˲̮һƬ档־ûие־;ȡȫɫľ߸ߵطʣʹôԶҲܿ˫ɫ˫ۣԼִ˫֮ľ޴ŷ֮䣨ÿһһߣϵصŴɴɵҡͿڿϵһȦȻס 
ɢȫɢɳᷢһߵȻѾ̫ˣһ춯صľ죬ͿȻͷſľ޿һɳȵĳڵָӲԼ߹ԶôԶľ֮ǻǸе˿ڸˣƽԭ̱Ĺ֣̱ҳפǸղŷʹĻеʦӡֻʣһƬҺ 
ǵһľ󡣰ͿԶԿġ 
Ϣųȵķ籩ͿڿһȦһЩ߶ȡʱҴĲӿʼ׷ԶͿȻǵǼͿ첻⡣ƽһСɽըź͸ϱըֻһƬڵĺۼںص֨֨죬ȴ޷͸Ƭ 
ܺá·ֱǵĹ衣 
һǧ֮УõġȻҲ͵ΪֹˡͿ˵ҺȻ˿˹˵Ļ 
ͿǿԶԿǰһȺϲ 
ҪȡʲôսԿϯķ˳ֻҪôͿԽǡ 
̩ĵطͿά״̬ܾáȺȻ˵֮жڰͿ˽:ֻҪһ̶ȵ˺Ϳǿ̬ 
ʹøǼӲɡ˵¬ 
¬˵ͷ 
շװһ׺ܸӵĻеװһװ׳ϡ¬ʵĿΣתİСʱͿͣ˿У˫ĻӶţÿӶһΣ;һ絶Ŀ硣 
ţһΰͷΣԵǵķ 
ɢɳߵ 
ڰͿ˲䣬¬ʹź 
޷תͷֻĿɿڴؿǵصҽӭ 
Ȼʱƺʱֹ̾ˡغ֮䣬ռ䱻˺ѿһ޴ķ϶رһδ֪ʱ֮С 
ţһ޴ֱ۴ѷг֣һȭݺݵشڰͿͷϣôӿֱ׹ȥ 
ѷ󣬸ľ˴ѷг֣Ͻ˹ȵңȴ⡣ 
Ľ̤ĴأضΪ֮һ 
ǼӲ͵ĳ˯յĿꡣ 
Ϳ׹׵ķϣյ̳װŸһǼӲػһɢҽͬڿһꡣ 
ȫ󳷣ɳǰʱսѾֵܲˡ 
ǼӲô˿ؿԶ 
ʹǻܰͿҪָӡɳ˵Ȼһװ׳ 
Ҫʲôʵ 
ȥӦ顣 
 



26

       ȸɳ˳Ȼ˿Ҳ߹ȥ Ҳһȥ飬ⱲδлڶءЦ˵Ц˲ƣ 
Ҳȥ˵ 
ҡ˵ߵǰһֻذסˡ˿㻹˰ɣҹһ룬ĺӳʱûи𣿡 
ԵĽŲԥˡһжδԥԥˡɳɳƵӳﴫԣ°ɡ 
ҺȻʶЩ˳ˣʵûд 
أҪȥŤͷһ¬ĳУ¬̱ڹշװϣ·˯ȥ¶ģ̤װ׳̤塣 
ԣ°ɡ¬鷳չˡ 
Իԥţץװ׳ŵİ֡˿һѴ֣Ȼ 
ʼɢֻ˵Ǹ׵ĵطʻȥɳῪһԲ촽 
ΪʲôҲҪһأ˿ʼ񡣼ŵ˿ĳϣʣأܲΪİɣ 
ͿǷҵģһҪݺһٲܽޡ˿ЦŻ˻ȭͷҲЦˣҲô죿 
أΪʲôҪ˿ҡ 
ҲЦЦҾ㿴 
⵱ȻҵﻰʱûҪ˵ʵ 
ɳҲã˿ҲãܲǶȥ 
ţȻĳмҵ˺򡣽ֱ븲Ƭצʱӻҳгʧһܼıըڶ 
ǲܶԸ˰Ϳ̲סʵȻ֪Ǹ𰸣ڿԽĴƾС 
ĽǣͿʤɳ˵ڹշװоڼ䣬ĿѧǸݰﱣεľܼ㣬֤ʵǰڰ͵óĽۡǲӽ΢ĲܸͿ 
һԣϥڳĽڵ˫пκθı仯 
ܿǵսıԵѾ޷ٿˣǲӺͰͿʱľݻΧһУɳѳͣھԼһԶ֮һϡ˳ 
Хɳ;ʯеĦʱľ춯ء 
ǲӴϵʱҪˡɳ˵ֻúǲǿĻ 
Ļ䣬ǲӴڿն𣬸о·ǴصһֺȻУҰеշ·𶼱Ǿ޴ĽڱΡ 
ȻȭգµİͿݺ 
µĴһȻȻ𣬰Ƕڵϡ纣˰¡£ͿʹĺУѵ˳ŵͿţһ˫޴𣬽ǲӺݺݵƷͿŵ˫һһɿӭ˫սµʯסӣֻװ׳ʱ 
Ϳڿն𣬵Ǹǲץסβ͡Ϳͷɵĳֱǲӵ塣 
һɵڵϣͬǣ̶ֹֻӣ˿֡˿ɳᣬɳűȡⳡеЦʱЦ 
ǲȫ𻨣ȫͿſ˫۹סͿĲӣͿ˫سŸǲӵ壬ѵ͵𻨵ıһƬ 
һն죬ǲʧˡ 
Ϳһſڵϣһ̳䶨ʱڳţ˭ûж 
𣿻˵ 
ֻǶݵϢ 
ͿͷϹˣնۿŴƬƬɫѪۡϵƬ֧飬شڱ󡣿Եذȥһ顣 
ҵĴȸճʱС˺ܶࡣ 
Ȼҷ뷨ǴȷʵСˡ籴˵Ҫά־޴ҪͿѾˣԲòС͡ 
Ƕ˵Ǻܴ 
ͿŶһȻʹһˡһȳһյǵķ߹ݼ䣬ŨѪҽ䡣 
һս𶯿ʲôأڣҪҵķŭˣ 
Ҫҵķŭˣ 
ȫûκԤףȻɱɢɱʵʣѹȵ޷쵰ѾͷҪ˵һô 
磬ȵ忪ʼҫ۵Ľɫâ帡ϰգͿңңԡ 
ռڱŤ̮ССĺɫ塣 
Ϊ̩Ϊ۵ʱˣͿ 
պʹ֮䣬Ȼ󣬱ȵ廯һɫĹâֱͿš 
̩ˣôͿĻδ䣬˿Ѿ˹һѽŵѹڵϡ 
ſ£㲻Ҫˣ 
˿ĻǿûϵһС 
̮ĿռͿ廥ͷųԶԶʹֻǱȽŵĿȫ˰ͿУǲûһɡǶһеܱȾԼһǸеϷ·ӹһһĻȣͷüëѾƵÿκһڻ档 
̧ͷ˿ҶȻһûˡ 
ⱬ죬̫ˡѾļޡ·Ǵҵзġ 
һйڼž 
С̧ͷǰȻһƬ軨۾ҡҡͷ֮ӾظվͿѾܱͿˡϵĲѾȫʧһֻƵֻ࣬ʣ׳ĺ˺һ޳β͡޴ϵĶϿƽ࣬ûѪ 
ѪҺѾˡ 
Ȼž޴ĺȻȱԭ͵ĽСҲӿ䡣 
ȣ˿һʬķȥңɳں档 
ڻǿһ졣һһ߶ɳ˵ɳûشֱֻ۾ 
Ƿ磬ѻҳ۾ˡ 
֪ڴ˿ģ¡ 
Ⱦڵϣɫ׵һֻŵ΢ʾȻšʬͬɽһԱߡȵ壬Ǳ۾ 
ңԼߡ 
˿ݺݵʬһţûһ١ 
ЦЦӻó˿ҵ 
Լⶫˡ 
˿ӹͷȻ˼һۡѱȷ£վȣȻصȻ˻ҵԺٲĻڣһǻᡭ 
ǻץסҶ԰ɣ˿ûغһ 
߰ɡɳƣؿʬһۣȻͷߡ˵սѾˡǶ˵ֻһµĿʼͿˣؽⲢɵ飬ʵ֤Ҫؽ򣬿ܱȴ򵹰Ϳѡ 
ǵĳѾٵˣֻܿ˫߻ȥ߳ʮ֮ҺȻһ졣 
Ȼһ˫һһѽԼߵ˿ɳƿûлͷº룬ֻܹ鹦͵ֱ 
ѩĹâӹһâĹȥһâֱҼ磬ұ䡣ѪɽУתʬȻ̮һѻҽһߴӰӻҽվ 
һͷԵڵϣ˿˹ȥɳγǹ 
ǵϷոտʼӰ 
ߴ󣬳㣬ȫŵɫƬһŹ׾ϣֻʣһտյĿ 
ǡɳڷҵһοڷ 
Ϳ 
úܺãֵÿ佱˵ͷҲˣǰͿǰͿ 
ΪΪʲôȵҡɱˡɱˣ 
ͿЦˡ 
Ӧñκ˶Ϊʲô̩ˡ 
ͿտյۿУһССŤ䶯𽥳ΪԲΣڰ׷գգۣ 
⡭ȻȻ򣺡֮ˮȻ֮ˮ 
˵öԡͿſ˫ۣ·ӵԼǰ磺 
ģǲģ޷ܵģ 
ȻȻһָһֱ 
Ķ̫ͻȻȴʱ·ѡ 
â˱ȵؿڣȵҵزһ£ȻȻߡæѪ˳ҵֱȥůճɬ 
ǡòİȵ˵Ȼ۾ 
ҵֱȥ 
쵰˿ŭ·һͿһȭֱͿͿһӣڸϿһֻӬһĹ˿ŷңֱҽҵĻҲڵء 
ұȫŤˣѪ 
ǿ˿ţŻһѪ 
ܰɣһ̫ǿˡ˿ҡҡλεվ 
ɳȻƽͿеǹǹ 
ӵڰͿϣֻܽһǣȻ󵯿ɳ˵ϻеӵȻһ֧ǹеӵ 
ţ˫֣ͷա 
Բ£Ѿˡ 
Ⱦ֮ƽ͵Ȼ 
ǰ¸ҵˡͿЦЦѾˡҲɱ㡣 
һȥۿ˫ַһ룬ۿūͬȥԸܵʹࡣ 
ܰɣص˽ȥ˿˵ҿסһСᣬᳬһӣܰɡ 
ұ۴ԣҡҡλΣ·ֻʣһƤš 
Ұγ 
ָͿš 
ǰ壬ӽն 
ȡͿྱͿֻ̧֣һָ 
ҵȫһһָ͵סˡ 
һתѺҷ˿űߣҰʹ϶ѾˣҶ˲ֹһ߹ǡ 
ɵϣǶҪˡ˿̾˿Ȼߡ 
ΰ̾һ 
˿˵ˣ֪ˡ 
 



27

       Ϳֻǵǿ󣬲жǿܲϣ ڣġǻһΣǻվֻҪһΣǾԶлᡣ 
ڣѾˡ 
ҿԼ֡ӵп֣Ȼ˫԰ͿҲȻ޿κΡһĵˣѾԶԶܶԿļˡ 
ȵʬ徲ԱߡƬ֮ǰǿޱȵĶȻѾԶźͲʶ뿪硣 
ֳӣվÿκؿڶͬǧ̼ܴ̰ʹ࣬ѪҵͺͱͿ赭дһͶԿ޵˿µ˺Ѿȫˡ 
ͿʱȻΪΣȻѹԶԶ̬һͷʱ֪ϣڣѾûκϣˡ 
˿ 
ҡҡλεվұѾͿĹնϣϿڴѪɴĺɫѪ衣ɫף׵ 
ɵ£ѾԶʧȥ˻ӵ֡ 
ǸҲ˽˿ЦšʱһжԹѾ޹ؽҪˡΪǵ·Ѿ˾ͷ 
ղ˵ʹشϢţ˵סͿһӣǰɡ 
ţʵĿǰ״̬һѾҵļˡ˿ְҼ磬˵ 
ôΪңΪ˰ΪɳᣬҲΪԼǵͿ鷳㣬סһӰɡ 
Ҫʲô㲻֣˿ЦЦ뷨ȥɡ 
˿ͷȻһ 
ֱͿ 
ٴΣҲһͿЦ˿κȻȻңֻŰͿߣƺѰҹĻᡣ֪˿ȻȻȻ˵ֻˡֻǸŰͿעѡ 
ſ죬һҧԼֵϡѪӿ֣ѪҺԼϵķġ 
һ֣ÿһֱ֣ϵһľͷһƬʵĽ⡣ 
֮ޣʴ֮ɣӰ֣֮˪֮ǡ 
һһĹڰͿΧͿЦЦûġĲӬ 
˵һ仰һɨ˿һƺߣڶҷɹҵĻ 
һô˿˵͵ŻһѪ 
ûУǹˡ֮ɲڤ֮塭ͿҪС 
Ҫʲô 
仰ͬʱͿ˿ʳ 
ǸִˣΪҵĿ꣬ܶ಻顣ڣһɡҵؿ¹֣Ϳ򵹣˿ⱾΪ׼ģԣúÿţȻ󣬴һȥɡ 
ߣ˵ǡͿָָ򼪸ָᡣ 
һͽ㡣 
ˡ˵ȻѹȻ档 
ˣ㣡 
غȻԼĹΪԲģٲԲĵȻðŶݵϺɫһֲϢڿǿ־񱩵Ϣ϶а 
ҪԶӡʱľͷһƾԼԶҲ޷ѵĵط𣺡ͬھɣߵ㣡ҵΪƷ㣡 
߹񣬱֮ն࣡ 
ӰͿָʧϺɫ֮СһƬжɣ˲䣬ҴӰͿп˾ȺͿ־塣 
ⲻɡͿ 
عͷһۣɫ˫УŽѺ顣 
һο 
ڵľ޴̽ͷ­ 
ŤаͿ񱩵âĳͷ­ޱȵаޱȵĹϣޱȵԭʼĿ־аĻһجκͱ˵Դͷ 
޵ſĶ븯ϢǶһשʯеܵһв֮ŤϳɵĴ㣬¶ͷ­һ룬¶ĲжϣܱȰͿľ̬ҪСһЩϺаȴԶԶͿ𺳡 
ն࣬ܣԶӡڼĹʱ俪ʼ֮֮ĸֻ֮һԼΪۺʱŻ֣ȻԼʱԴͷĳѨ֮Сɵ꽫Զʹ;尾Զ޷ʱļ 
һκ޷ƵľΡ 
նһڽͰͿһ£ȻϢس 
һϲˡһ֮Ӣۡ 
ʧˡһжʧˡǴֲڵʯɰһп־塢顢޺Ϳ񱩶ʧˡ·һ޺ۼλá 
мͰͿʧˣԶʧˡ 
ˡ 
ٻĹһһʧֻп޻ 
޵ҵԺл죺 
ҪˡͿķħҪʧʧʱӦ˺磬Ѿȫˡ 
ҵѾ࣬ٻնķҴ󲿷ʧȥԴȪֱһǩԼҵֻܰǾͻʱȫ˽磬ڻ͵Ҳ޷ 
㻹Ǻġҵ 
ֻΪԼѡ˵ 
ȻҵǰһƬڰ 
Ǳʷ֮УҶ֪ˡֱ½ĵ졣 
֮ѣճǴ󲿷ֶѻֻճҴ棬ǽ͵Դ˽絽ĸ߶ȣͺȻֵ漣 
ǻһЩ飬ʷûмصġ 
ɳûл̫áһҪ齨罨ɳڼ󱻼߰ɱ 
Ժҹںŵ˹ƥ˹Ĵ½û˼ǡάصΪҪװ֯յһ˻֮СɳԶԸ⿴龰 
ҲҲԸ⿴龰 
ǣʷķչɣǼ˿ƾԼ־ıġ 
ʱʧȥһЩѣԶʧȥһЩѡ 
٣һš 
 



1

       Щ飬ƾ˵޷ġǵúܾǰʱʦ߹ǣڼ˵ĺУƤᱻˡ ҵʱΪΪȻȻǺ䣬ôֻ˶ˣôɡˡأ 
ʦĻԭȵϺ뼫ȵĿȣоһġ 
̹ǵı׵ش͸ϵ͸͸ѪѪҺͺֱ֮Сһ޷ʹ࣬ʹľͷľȻʼů֫ѪҺӿࡪұֻҪ಻ᣬͻһ˿ 
ôȤЩʱ򣬼ʹѾ˻ȥͷ廹ǹִصֿ١ֿµϺǰĵֿ΢ʧȥѪҺ֫ʼĻڻŵʱͿʼá񾭴Ƶʹһȥ⵽ڵԡԵʱյ㡣 
ںܾǰһҹƵĵƻ£ʦǽʱĸо̽ѧһֱ飬оһרоʱĸоڡĿ͹ʶ˶ԡֱ۵⡣ 
һɱˣѪҺӾӿն׵ˣеתȻڰ˿ܰ꣬ʵȴǰ˾޴ʹࣻˣ˵ú 
ھ;ú 
ڰʵĺڰ֪޾ĳڰ֮С 
ȻʹٴϮ֫·𱻷̿к濾ʶĵײиֳľȥ۾ 
ͷǻɵĶաظһЩҿƤʵƤｫѩ棬һ 
ɵëƤ̯ӣҷԼȫһů͵ëƤ֮УܺãǽҿĶͲ̫ˡţҲ˻Ҳܺá 
ŮˡǳᣬǳƯŮΧҹţÿ߷һͭ裬ѩñѩĦҵ֫ 
ܸе⣬￴ůΪŮҲȷʵǳġţܼ򵥡ëƤĨغͶ̿ѣǣȫһ˿ҵġ 
ܲˡμˣҪһǺȴʹĵһֻܷһŮǣһŮϲԽʲôҵ 
õ󣬵ȴ֡۾ܴ󣬱ɫ촽󣬱ɫͷһҲݰ㣬һ̶ͷҲǱɫԵģļѩףֽͬһѩ񡣿ѹץһƤӣεӣԼһڣȻŰѴӴյҵߡ 
ᵽŨľ㡣ðɣҪĶ 
ҺһڣȻͱǺ 
ŨľơľҺһͣ·ͻһһ˳źֱθҵθҲȼһŻ档忪ʼѣԴȴʼԺ 
ŮЦˣһʲô 
㣬˵ʲôͨһ䣬ЦǰϣȻһץһѩֵŮҪ΢һЩЩӲͨ˵ȣ㣬һڣһΡ 
ҵʮҪһڣǸңٺһڷǳ²ɡҡҡͷˡ 
ͨŮֹŹֵԸСȡĹ˵˾仰ȴЦţԼִӴһڣȻӣѾƴ£ץһѩҵһ첲 
˭ģҳǸͨŮ 
ңգƣȣɿɡ㣬ǣͨŮһߴҵĸ첲һ˵ŮЦ·ڼЦյĿ 
ǣңҽҪʲô񱩵ľȥıȣ˿Լն࣬硭һжǲʵλáߣڲλ֮ô 
㣬ϣȵͨƺ̫⣬ֻ˵һЩĴʻ㣬ѾĻˡ 
лл㡣ллǡֻһûбһҪһ£ŮһסңһָͷҡҡյѪûУڡܣˡ 
ҳ̾˿ 
ԣϡͨ˵Һá˵ 
ҾֻùǴꡣ 
ڣһһ磬һ߽ſŲֻһűɫ쵵ëƤһӣȻֹŹֵԹֽһ˵һʹʱ˵ǡۣҴһֻϻСȴ˸˻ 
ȻȻסˣһѰץսҵϢ 
гҵ֣ⲻǰ𣿡 
ұӵСǴӶıԵ˻ 
 



2

       СʱҶ֫ѪͨͬҴ·Ƕҹӷ·⣬һҲֻһֱЦſҡʱڣɿɺѾѲӴֻɫϻƤгɴ飬ڻϹ ʲôطô⣿ʲӡʵؿںʵëƤУССڵҾơǰȴһ￴ǰ׳ˣǳɫĺŨܵһƬִֵüë£ֻ۾ڻӳ 
ѩɽҵϼզģרңôִϵˣ 
ҳ̾һǰ˵ˡԽ۾ɵԽ󣬵˵꣬صһĴȣǣ벻Ǹʲôţ˿С˿飬ôļһｻֹѽȺͼ񶼲ǽˡ˵ֹһھơ 
֪˿¬ƽôҵЦЦһҵļ򣬲ſ£û£һû¡Ҹ㶨ǰ׮鷳һȥǣ 
鷳ȥ֮ǰս;սѾ𣿡 
ѽͷһھƣص̾˿սˣһˡ˵ǩʲôЭ飬ǰͼûɶϵҵ鷳ǰͼ˵鷳 
ô˵ղ˵ǵ峤˰˵ӺٺЦЦˡקʲôİš 
ӣҺȻеĽͼˣӽĻҲһھ絽ϡ 
ڴ 
峤ĸôҵЦš 
ǰӺǷֺGSDȰ棬ȥѧϰ˽ʿǵսʽԼõͼڸںϵ֮УԴһ൱ʵõԴضΪսصͼ֮ʵǿͼʶ㣬ܿڴ˼ߵǰͼ峤󣬾Ͱ峤λôͼĵطຮ˿ϡ١Ϊ˱֤㹻ĳʣѪȥͼ｡ĳӿȢӣսʿӣ峤߸ӡ˵һﻹŵĿء 
Ȼ峤񲻽¸ССҪġȷ˵Ρ 
ͼڲһֱֳͬ壺ҰţҰ塣֮ϵ̫ǢҲպϡǼǰҰһСʧˣҰһҧҰţģĹϵȻţһ״̬Σֻȥҡհͼϰף峤ʱҪϵġУҰţˡΪ˱ӣֻðڴ 
ܿˡûбĲ;ߣֱڹ̳ȳԡɿɰѴᵽУʯ֧á˾ΧŹӿԡͼûʲôŮĹԷʱӺɷȫƽȵģ峤Ҳ⡣ 
ңʵҰţ壬ŵġ̳һʲ⣬һֵһӲͨ˵һ§ס֫һҧһڡȻץƤӹơ֪ʵҰڲҲкܶвĺӵʧҰţ޹أΪ峤ӱ 
ϻܴ֣÷ǳáʶˣⲿȻܲһҧȥܳ˿ʱ֪ʲôϣζܺáΧŹץųԣȻŲˣҲһζԱ֮󣬿ɿɺŹȥѩˮϴӴžãȹɵظ硣 
ǺܷҿһǣЦʡӵͷʵУŪͺˡҰţҰϾһˣܶ˱˴֮ݹϵܲĴؼǵҵǸӡҪˣҪʬϢһҹҽش 
ҡҡͷҺһȥɡ 
ѩɽ϶㡣ЦЦҲЦˣû£ҵɴǰİҲǾ¼ˡ 
ǰҾ¼ǴĲˡ 
 



3

       ڶһ磬̫ûʱǾͳˡӵСֳȥԱϡӵֿտգֻںˮϱһе׵ľͷͼڡ⼸ʮԶĵطҿһ˶ѩӣӵ·ѩʱߴߴЦˡ ˵ǵǶġӴЦŸҽ͡ 
˵ҶԲִе㲻ΪȻȻҲ֪ڰͼĻУ˺Ů˵ĵλȫƽȵģŮҲҪԵĶչˡе֡ʿȡڰͼ˿һƲŮ 
ҲӵСȻС磬൱սʿղԼ˵ÿ˶ܸһͷĺƽ֡ܰô뺷ŮʰķֿʼԲеĿ࿴ˡ 
ǰĺڰڰĺڰ仰ѩɽǲõġʵĳⱻѩճɢĹâԵúܰ˵ʱ֣ɽѩɽʱᷢɽĹʡǵ֮ͱӪΪǿҵⱻѩطʱĹ߻˵۾ʧҲΪôԭ 
Ҳȥ˰ɣǲʲôԷֹѩ˫ĿأҺʡŨܵĻƺЦˣͷǰرķء˵Ŵӻͳһݸҡ 
ⶫɳһ۾ֵǣƬ֪ˮһֺɫ͸Ƭ 
Ǹ粼ī۾ѩб˫ܹۡһһŻƤĴ۲Եʱʹ 
Ǿͷ·ұΪѩ·ۣǻѩɽ·ʵߡÿʱѻѩıɹڣҹֻᱻҹ綳ϡѩϾһԳصļѩǡɽ粻ϴʴѩҲܹ⻬沢ٶȣӪ֮ǰнܳһ· 
˵Ҵʡ·Ȼôĵط˵ȷʵеӣ㵽ȥǸأ 
ɽһͼԴ壬ǺӵǶڵĻܾˡҲŴ˵˵ʱİɫܿںѩ׵˪˵ڵٶȣҪҹܵɽʱ֣һܷľҺøţ׼õĸ֬ĸ֦𣬲ӴǸӺЦī۾ȥԡȻҲдɺ͸Ǿ⡣ܾøӵЩΣǲӺȴȫں˵Ҳûжī۾ҡֻ¡ 
óӵǶܰҲóӵҸҺȻеһ˿Ĳ߹·ƺǸ֮ˡ޵ұһǿ󣬵ȴһ䡣ҵǽӶķߡҿŴһҸЦæµĲӵǣкȻеһտ 
¬㻹ô 
У˿Ҳƽɡ 
ԸһֻɺϣԸҪκεĲҽ١ 
ȻҲҵǱ 
ڶ賿ʱҾмΪõĸоָо˵ģ˵θ鴤ΡȻû˵ΪҸ֪Ϊλָо 
Ůȥ֮ǰйָо 
ս֮ǰҲйָо 
Ϳս֮ǰҲйָо 
һֱ֮ܶܶҲ׼ȷذԤǵʱȴ޴ذԼ񾭹 
ӪʱһƽѩأԱ߿ɽ¿Աܷ硣߹Цŵﲻ 
Ȼǳϰߣְǳصͼһ١ 
ȻҾ;ýһա



4

       ѩϵѩǱϾ˹֮Ҳкбͨ˵ȽϱĲֱ㹵ǼΪε壬ȥ޷ֵġѩɽϳɽѩ񲻹ɣѩµѩֶɣżȥҲ޷ˡ ҵǣǽµ㹵ҪһЩ 
һЩ˼ǣʶ׹ʱһ׹ 
㹵Ƚӽʮɣָ߶ط԰ˤˣҺѩɽʮӵ£ǽɺĻѩ 
ӴӽӶصΧѩվԼȻȫûˡĸҲûд󰭣ΪҲһŹЦգȺͿɿҲΧؽЦ 
ҵʱֻǵЦǿǵӰΪΧȫѩɺѩҳһֱĴӣҾڿӵ£ȫѩѲסǣѩѰѩּܿˡ 
Ӻܲ˼ץͷƤЦѽû뵽ǿյġ 
΢ЦؿȭͷŲӿţðͼһԹĻҲΪ⣬̧ͷ˿棬ɫ 
รºе鷳ء 
̧ͷϿϾ˲ӵĻӵĴ״ǸֱֱµͲӣӱڵб״СҪƾԼȥûʲôܵġʱѧΪԾ֮ͨںĸߣҲֻѰ߶ȵҡʮɵĸ߶ȣ˫ᣬ޷ȥ 
ȻǣڸɽϣֱֱµشֱġҲ˵̫һֱյӵסѾӽ磬ΧȫǰѩܿͻԽäѩ⡣Ӵӻī۾ȴ־ƬѾڸղŵĵˡڵ֮ǰΪ˴񣬱ѾѾõ£ǸڿӶءҵձŵĸʳˮڡ 
ΧѩԽԽҫۡ̾˿·ϳһס˫ۣûӣһϹӰɡҳ· 
Һò۾˵ȤΧѩΪӶûз磬Ȼ䡣׵ѩ۷⣬еůĸо 
ɿŴӱëƤڵϣϯضӺȻЦˣ˭ 
ԴһGSD 
ӴЦţ֪ôˡ˵ħŵͷһȥǸСĴɡ 
ǰʵ𼪸׳һҳ̾һ 
ɳĻ 
Ǵһ𣬾ûԼƽڴϡ 
ⲻ˵ˡ 
ʱ˶ԣ˵ˡ 
ܹ˿жأ 
ҸһûһŴǰʱ䡣ӵӾ;ţֻȲʱϼ䡪 
Χѩ˵ĸоˡҽذ۾ϵĲһС죬۾ȥ 
ɫˡ 
ժ۵ĲһΣҷ˫ۿҸ 
򵥵سһ㶫֮ǿʼѰҳ·Χѩǵļƻȿһӱڵѩ·Ȼſӱûʲô뿪ķ 
ӵĵײȽƽֱ̹ԼжٲҺͲӵһӱڵѩ·ʲô¡ΧĹԽԽȻѩȻǿΧĶܿ죬ڿӶһݴһߴĶߡ 
ȥ𣿡ʲӡӣû·ȥɡ 
ɿüĲ֦ɻѣϲҾƵȼӰѻ澲ȼգ˵ĿԺ 
ӴͷӣҶϺ 
ߺܳƺǻµ¶ȡСţ˭Ҳû˵ 
Ҳ֪˶ãǰȻʡ 
޾ĺڰӴĿռгػţ·ⶼ޷͸ĺڰ϶ֲĸоһγ֣ڰз·вΪ֪Σմڡ 
Ӹղ߹ľжϣӦѾɽ֮ˡӾ߾ٻѣķΧҲ΢һȦ 
һѻ𡣡˵ɿţ͸ɲһ΢ĻԾţŻ⣬ҷֵǺһ 
ȱ˫磬˵˾ʲô 
ŶҲŽ˵ 
һԲذγӰѻѽ֣Ҳ˾޴ͼڡ 
ﲻӦ䡣ж䣬ɽҲӦ˵ĺ䡣˿ĺѩԵϺѩɽǼ̵ʯṹҲӦÿԸĺοɽиӽȣӦ˺䡣 
ⲻһĺ⣬ǲȻа 
ҺͲСǰšܿ죬ǰһӡ 
һʯϸһıҾȵǣʯ˹ĺۼ 
ʯϣһ̶һѡŰĻѴչȥϵǣʯϵĻ̱ȼˡðȻպȼյıȼһӾðĻ棬һͬʱһִζڿ 
֬üͷ֪νġ֬ѩɽϱǵ֬ȼҺգĻرΪ٣ͽƻٸǣԱǵ֬ǺĶһ㶼ΪļƷѣǿνݳˡ 
ķΧˡڹıԵǿڶӣҲһѹ֬ĻѡӲذҲȼſ˵ӡ 
ʣйˡ 
ڻôڵĻǵѣ 
һӣÿʮܿǵȼе֬ѣӴĵ¿ռǰչ 
տ÷Ĵʯ̳ɵĵ棬ʯ񷶥ıصĺڰ֮СǺһ֮СȵһǽʱĶѨһһ߸ߵʯס 
ʯ׵ľͷȽյĴšĴϵŷĻƣرš 
ʲôطʵҡҡͷҲ֪ 
ȥô 
áӵͷ 
ԽӽžԽ䣬ϸȥŷһ˿˿ĺ 
аԴͷ 
 



5

       úƤϣȻüȫ档ҺͲһŻرƿˡŨҵĺӿǲ˼ ڴź棬һֵĶ 
·һտɫ͸Ļһ˸ߣﴦȴһ⻬ı¶խγһڵϡ 
ﴦıɼˡŮ˵Ծǿӱһ°ɣСĵشչȥȥԼ 
Ȼһұܵ߬ǰһ֮һĶǾ͹Ȼ˾棬Ưǰ 
һͷС壬һŲҰ׵ףֻɫġޱС԰۾һСС͡ı̣Σա 
ɶʡ 
Ǳ˹üͷһֵͼıϵԪؾ飬ѩɽϲ㺱ĶǰͼʱҲٻ⡭ 
Ļû˵꣬Ǳ˹аС۾һұܳһղվŵĵطһı׶Ե̳һУص¡ 
ⶫе⡣ҷӣӵͷǾһǱ˹ĳѨȥԸԼСĵ㡣 
ҽű˹˫ۣ˫۾ǺһҼǰ壬ܿµı̣һֱ˹Ľ˱˹Դڽϡ 
ȻⶫȻûǰ͹һ޴ı̴ҡ 
ϧҵĽôһ˦ˤϣȻȫһȥصĽһ˹ҵ÷顣Ƭɢ֮С 
ʱҲѾͼڽǶ俴ȥͦƯıҵ÷顣ǿɢı飬߽֮Ŀռ䡣 
ϵģȻߺܳ㣬ڵĴеŨغڰγĶԱȡֹƺµ⣬Ȼ̧ͷϿȥȴա 
ƽĴʯذ壬ıϺ£ĸߴ񷶥йӶĻơеһ϶źıռˮɣλá 
ռҪĿռö࣬Լнǧ񷶥ߴʮɡ 
ǳ䡣ǿ޵壬еа·Ѿ͸˿˿ΧơȻӺȴ񲢲ںֺ䡣 
ΰռУǿ˺Դ 
һͷ 
һͷɫľڵϣϱʮֱ۵ĺɫţôִ׶ڵϣ׶¶Ĳ־а˶ߡķ䡣ͷǣӽյУһһƵĺÿһеľ޽ô 
һȰͿҪСܶ࣬аĸоȴͿ¡ȰͿСǺҲǸȻޡӴ˽һ롣ǰǾһͷǰֻС 
ֵҵǣ㲻ˣȥҲڳ˯ݵպšͬ϶źı㡣 
˹˹ӵӵ˵дžη뾪ȡ 
ʲôʵӳĬһǼ˲˵Ķء 
ðɣҪ˵ĻļһҲ˵ 
һָ֪ǰͿҡҡͷͿʵڵġһֱΪ˹ǽڴ˵еʣ벻ȻĴһ 
ⶫȰͿСˡ˵ӵͷǰȰͿҪСͰͿȫͬͿǶʹͽѪ֮˹˹аױ֮ףѩɽаһʵ廯 
ͼڣ˹һϵڣȻǲҪĳߡ뿪ɡ 
Сĵ˳عغñš˹ڳ˯ô˯ȥɡһֱһͷ˹Ǳĳǿӡڴˣô˭˹ӡأ 
·Ȼ߲ͨеѩӾȻͨӡ˹ĵ¹Ǹϵķ֡ȻôܻصϲҪ⡣ 
ص׹ѩʱѾҹˡҺͲѩӵıһȦûҵԳȥͨ· 
ص̾˿Ϣһ°ɡ 
ʱɿɵ˵˾ʲô԰ͼȻң˵ȼѾˡܵһ취ȥġ 
㻹ǸŵļһЦ 
ǵȻҺ㣬ˣûںش¾ƴһڡ 
·Ϊ˻Ӧ仰ͷϷһŮ˵ʵ 
ˣ𣿣 
УüأӷſɤŴ󺰣




6

       õģԵһ¡Ů˵ ҺȻŮ˵ϤĳֶҲ˵ʶҿȷԼǵһ˵ЩƮ׽ĸоʶġ 
ʲôأüͷ˼ȴͷʱһĽʶѩӵıϴҰѽ䣬ȥ 
ʱҪԶԷǵѻΪʱ硣ҲԷ뷨ǵȥϴһҲ˵ȻΪǿҺͲӼһ㣬Ҳܱ֤û£ʱԼҲе֡Ǵʲôʱʼǰ˳أ 
Ҳһ˾һЩ֮󣬾ͻ᲻Ծؽɡ̾Ϣš 
ȻѩҲһ 
ûˡ 
һ˶ûС 
һ˨һ͹ʯϣȴˡ 
ѩɽ˿ֵҹ¸ 
Ǳܷɽ£ʵѩϻвܱһѩ 
ûб˵㼣ֻʱ̤µҽӡǾûд򿪵񻹷ڵϡ 
ӺҲˡͷʵŮأ 
ҡҡͷʱͲ 
ɻӡûˣ⡭ 
ʱպȻһȻͨе 
ŮıȽϸģҲյıȽϺá˳ָķ򿴹ȥȻѩϿһǳǳĽӡ 
ǳϸĻĽż⴦ѩв磬һ붼 
ӡķǴɽϳģѩӱһȦȻǿ˩ӵʯͷǰͣƬ̣ӡȼޱ仯ɽµķԶȥ 
ҺȻʶһʵӡ࣬ʮɳĴشʮҷ³ѩŲԾѩĴȡ 
ҸҴģǼùӰ˿һ㡣Ӿ͸ˣǸЩѩӾŪġǱȫŲմصƮУ־½ӡ 
뵽ͱȣһ˵ζ֮ûʲô飬Ĵ١ 
һڣ뿪ˣ 
ôˡҲ鿴ǳǳ㼣ȻվǵȻشһ°߷ǲǺҲܲܡ 
Ȼصȥ֪ͨǣԼһǰɽĴ䡣 
ûŮ˸ߣҺͲнٶҪܶࡣһ·Ǻ˵ֻϢʱŽһڽĵá֮ûĿġֻʱϢڣȻҹʼһֱ·ڶ硣ܿǾ͵ɽ 
ѩɽɽǸ൱ĵطһ鿪ƽأվԶ˵ػɽӵŷպǳ˲ͼԴ˵Ǵӣʵֻм¾ɵƤԼ쵼ߣҲȻϲӰͼ峤ĵλܵĽӴŨҵƺ۵Ŀܿ˺ƣðͼʹͷ˽̸ţҾֻԱ߱߳Ա 
ǰ˿иɽȥˡϢһҹȥɽӺͷ˵󣬺ݺݵҧһڿ⣬ظ˵Ȼһ첱ӣһƽûĿ¶ӡ 
 



7

       νġɽָѩɽɽѩɽûܻȥҲйҲûܻ˵ɽɽһһطɽĻһСʱ·̶ѡڶһ磬ĸҺͲһ ɽǸͺͺĲë֮أûʲôҲ˵ﻹϢΣյҰ˹д˵˵ﻹиߵȱû 
ǵӰӶûмֻҵǸвĺӡ 
׼ȷ˵ʬ塣 
Ǻӵʬ屻һɫıУֱɢżƵʿ˼ɰɫ֮⣬⺢ӿȥͻŵʱûʲôֱ𡣲վһǰ棬һȻֳ 
ѱ俪⺢Ӵشﰲ˰ɡ 
һĸó߸˵ǹߣʵֵɽúһʱţƽʱڸʲôĺܺãҲΪ˳֣һ͵ĹߡұҲȥ֣һ΢Цңðͼ˵ʲô 
ÿ˸ɻǴ֮Цҵļֻվһԣĵؿͷա 
ɽ·ִտвͬ￴ȥЩ԰סҿշҲ֪ԼЩʲô֪Լվ˶áҵ˼ʵеģһüٵİͼ˵ 
һָǴ飬һ˵ʲôӵüͷšȻнӹǿݺݵȥ 
ĽԲӵⲢϡ档˵һһ֣Ҳһ 
ɢĿɿڴ 
Ȼ𣬱ûиղһµĺۼղĸ˰춼ûκκۼ 
ǺǣźЦ㿴 
һԲذγ߹ȥ˫ۣ߾ٴ󽣣һն䡣 
ڱҵûźͲӱȣҵĽҪȺö࣬Ҳõǵ֣õ˫ۡ 
ϴĴУϸıڽ罦ȫѹȻһգҶһڱ¶ˣıһ۶ûС 
еаŹ˵𽣣ǿ 
Ӳ䣬һͨı顣 
ӣ˵ôСһӣôһߵģҺȻʵץץԴ 
ԼҪӴߵﲻǼ̫ѵ飬ҲΪ˶ɵѩɽ˼άä㡣ҵѣҲʼĹ֮Ķˡ 
ԲӽԴü򵥵罫ɽǿյΧһѩɽֱʮ˹ٴѲŽ⿪ѾǵĹΧ֮ˡðȥѩɽȻҵ걻ɽĲɽɽԴ壬ڶѾΣյĵطĻǸʱ򱻽ҿġ 
ǻصɽԴ壬סһҹ̻ɽµİͼ䡣··ͨ˹˯ѩʱѾɰͼ˵ĳϺǲ˽硣Ƕֱӷӡ˹ķӡֶܼã˭Ҳ֪Ӿһȥħŵ˰æӹ˹ķӡ 
ҲҪȥħŵĸˣϾͱȵΨһļ֤ˣνǵħš⣬Ҫҵ¬˿ħҲ뵽ʵİ֡ 
峤ҪǸ£Ҫһʱ׼ڰͼĴﵢ˰µʱ䣬źͲһ̣һǰñ档 
 



1

       ů͵ķëƤ׻޲ۣٻᱡˬ鲼·Χľ´ӰѩǵɽͱһƽĲԭٱﻨˮ硣ÿʳŨĿɷ˱ǵʳٱ嵭µĵĺͲ衣 ʱһãҵĹ硣ȹһƽõʱ⡣ 
ڣһˡ 
һ飬Ȼȥʦ 
ʦûʲôı䣬Ȼ뿪ʱҲܾãֻǾ顣ʦһҲܸˡʦͽ֮ҲλȤ飬˵ˡҺͲڵСҹɫ䣬շתߣǾȥһ¡ 
ӣҪһȥ𣿡ʡҡҡͷҪȥģ 
ƹݡ˵Ϻɫϸ鲼ۡӵʱ㻹ȥƹݣ 
ҲȥȾơЦЦ˿̸ҵģҪ̽ϢûʲôطȾƹݸáƹʲô˶УңȹƵˣûôϡ 
ȥˡ֫ſ̱ϯϣץһҡҲѹ֣ѩɽ̫ãϺҲǳšȻûȵʱ򣬲Ҳܵˡڲȫմˮ̳һֻһ̿㣬ͣҡӡ 
ţúϢɡЦųȥ 
ˬҹŹ𻨵ڵɫ¹ˮһ͸ҵȫɫɫҴ߹ȣƿţϴ֡ 
ʱǻƳϡ·ϺͰһ֡Ⱥֱǰľƹݡ 
Һ˿һμط 
ƹﵹǱ˲١мûˣһ߸ߵ̨̨դΧסĴͽⲫһȺȫžΧס̨ؼźһִӵ˹ǱߴĶĲĿǰǮѺԼΪӮϡ󺺿ȥú֣ʵȫõ־ƷǡҶĵûʲôȤֱȥ̨Ҫһ׾ơ׾УӨС鶣졣ǶʱӺ￪ģڵؽþĩ͵ݱ档׾ƵУһڣƢʮֿɿڡ 
һҺ죬һѾһЩǮһЩ˵ĿڴһЩ˵Ŀڴһ׾ƣʾƱʲôϢûУ 
ʵʲôϢƱС۾ؿңЦЦѼöͭҷģȷ˵˹ķ֯ߺȻֵİ֮ģ 
û˵ءƱĻһĺȲˡ 
˵ľƱҲԵ˷Ǵӵ˹ʦϣϵǣ 
һعͷ 
һߴ󣬽׳ͺһȺ˵ӵ̨߾ټ˫ԼȺ⡣һ˫ϸĻɫ۾ɽӡ 
һԴӰǰ棬Ѿ˶ʮܼ¼ˣ൱ǿǮѺ׼ܴ׬һʡƱҶ˵ 
ʮܣﰵЦʦһֹеĵһˣ֪ĸͬſԷŵһҶƵļһûȤ 
ȻĶ֣һݵ̨̨ϵ˾Ǵȥ̨ھҲʮһܼ¼ޡʱҿʼеȤˡ˵Ǹңһֱɢ򡱵ĸ񶷼ɡʦᵽˡ֣ܺҲǷ֮ 
̨ϵĽʼˡҸղŶԿϿۡһʵͬСɡɢĶּ죬ұǿһһսгѹԵػ֡ⷽĸ֣ԿʱȻҲ·硣 
õҲɢϵļ޵ȭͷ·ȫ⣬һһ͹޵ظޱȱ乥ΪأԽԽڣҵ޷еĿյһȭػǰ 
޵ӱһȭɣصؿ̨ߵϣȻڵϿ 
ʤѷ֣˾ǰץϵһָֻ߸߾𡣼վ̨ 
ϴЦţ˫۸߾٣һ־ 
ֳͽǮˣҲϴﵽ˾ҰԴ⣬ýȻһﲻ¡ҪֶԸĻţҲʦ˿֪ҿִӮ 
ʧɤŴ˵˶ʮûҵĶ֣˵ɣڵ˹ǰһ 
⻰еˡϾ档ȻˣѾ浱ԼĹ硣Ҳȷʵʤ˶ʮ޶ 
ȻһˤһŮ˵Ľϣŵʲôƨ 
һ˵ݿɣ¡ 
ҾȵתͷΪǸŮ˵ĽΪǸ˵ʶ 
Ȼ 
⽣أ 
شħŵɫۣڽһӱߡͬĻˡһǸղŽŮӣһ͵ŮŶ̿ͰɫԲͷһͷɫĶ̷ͷһײӡǸͦƯĹüйкһӢŭվҪ̨ߣסֱۡ 
Ůһ˦ص̨֣ 
ҲңεسЦЦͷ⡣ 
ô 
Ůֱߵǰŭصղ˵ʲô˵У 
ͷֻϵؿôߡ 
Ͽ˿˾ǣ˾ҡҡͷʾ֪顣Ůһһָſϵıӣ̴һ 
ϻλԴҲŮ˴򡣡 
͹ϴŮĵصЦһҪŮƿ͡ 
Ļûнꡣ 
ָҪŮļͷʱŮӺȻһΣһûô£Ͻ˶Ѿͷ½ϵص̨ϡȻֻŮһȣ˫ץס£һƣ˾ʹ̨˳ȥҽȺ֮С 
һƬУŮɵ֣Ŀɿڴ˾˸Ժпõļһ˹ˡ 
Ȼӯתı̨ 
վߵߣ޿κεؿЦ 
˵С㣬㻹ǲǵ¾Ͳ˵ǲ˵ǱԹ 
Ȼһεңá 
ôҺȸ׾ƣʵ 
Ů֮ǰߣһֱţ㶼ȫû֡ػ˵ͦģаǰɣҽݿɣҡ 
ȿȡظɿݿͷˡ 
ʱһվ 
ҺȻе 
ֻˡںһȫûע⣬ֻоǰǸˡ 
ĺܸߣ˫۱Գһ㡣 
ָֺܴ޳ָ޼ĺ롣 
һͷںڵĶ̷ɫ۾Ӣס 
ȲᣬҲϡ 
ʮ꣬ʮꡣ 
һڰĳ£ϿûЯ 
Լһ 
ֻĲ̬ңҸоͺһǧȫװʿųһ¸ǽһǧָңѹȹ 
ⲻͬ˿ֱѵɱҲͬڱǴĶ 
ȫͬƣ䣬ɭ 
 
ǰǰͣ¡ӣص 
ʦ𡭡 
滹ǵ˹һ˵ǰѴԼܵˣʦҲнʦġ 
ͨǽʦ 
ȻҲСʦֽзֻڼΪʽĳϲŻõ 
ƹݣȻʲôʽĳϡسʦ𡱣˵ 
Լǹ⽣壬λȻʲô𾴡 
ǡǰһشʱ򣬸о·ңҵؿڣҵʺ 
˵ͷҲصȥ 
ҲԾظĻƽͣκǿȣȴԷĶ档 
ǴȺȺ̼žΪÿһͨ· 



2

       ңȻǧưѹȴȫûиı䡣 Ӻ濴ȥƺͲһ˶޶£ɭȻ˿ûм 
û˿ڣû˶Ȼÿ˶еɢҸҪȫ־ܹǿֽԿ 
ĽŲߵȺͻԶɢ 
ưǴ֣ߵϣϵ˾ԶóһƬճ 
վסҲվס 
תҡһƬƽ͡ 
ƽ͵ңεĽȻԽ 
νɡº͵˵ȻҸеԼֲ֪ʱѾס˽ΧĽѹȻһһյұܵس齣ʣǿյҲ֮ʧ 
Ľ֮շġȥƺҰνʣʵϻ˵ҵĽǱ¶Ľ϶ġ 
ѾȫҪƺܰѽӵ쾡¡硣־磬˵ң˿ʦ䶥 
ʦ𡭡ص 
Ҫģֻʵ 
Ȼ֣ϡ 
һоԶϾֹ֮Զȥ 
һ֦Ҷïָƽһָͷֵ֦ͺȻ䣬С 
ס֦һ֦С֦Ҷһ䣬ֻһ೤ľ̰ 
ҽ˵ȻһƬƽ֮ɫ 
Ȼ޿ײɭȻȻʧȫڱܵһؿڹȥ 
žһ죬ҵĽеһ˿һŵȻһɾ޴˳Ž͸ָһʹҪֶɡ 
һס˽Ҽӹ 
ܿÿһұأǸľļҵĽһ㣬ȻһҵĽ͸ƫ롣 
ҿĺǶ㲻 
ľҵĽ࣬Ҳûʲôϡ棬ҵĽȻᱻľȥ似ˡ 
ʱ룬Ҷסƣƽֺնʡ 
žһû޽谭ػι켣ȴȻ˵վǰ 
һǿĺ 
ڽӲһߵľϣǸľᰴҵĽһƣҾͲĲ 
Խһնεĳǰҵĵطտջ 
һǰһ˫սΪᣬһһնХȻȻס 
еǸľشҵĽϡ 
ֻشţҵĽȻ޷Ųֺ 
ƽ͵˫¶һ˿ɫֱ۲һŽҲղסˣɵ֣ 
ֻǹȫʧ 
һľȻһץҵĽ 
㽣軹㲻Ķ̫ࡣ 
У֮òȡ 
ǰһûнƿյҲûнĺ⣬ֻԼʺ˫磬غ¸΢΢һ飬ȻҷҵĽֻصҵ 
ƽվǰ·δ֪ղһ˲ѾΡ 
ΣзΡ 
ǳطľ޽գ֮崦ҪƤûһ㡣һҶڵҾȡ 
ðɣʵѾǺܾˡ 
ֿʼҹһδƹȺһλظת 
֪ҸղѾһμΪѵõı顣𽣣Ϲ 
лǰͽ̡ 
ֻ΢΢ЦЦʱҸеһ˫ַסҡ 
ء 
оΣ΢Цҡҵ 
ءصʦֽѾȫʧڿǸͨͨˡ 
ʦ𡣡̹شֶ 
ǿ̫ˡǰӮһΣռ˹⽣ٶȵıˡܻ㣬֮ھͿԺƽ֣֮ԶԶ㡣 
ش׵ǡ 
صʦļ磺Ҳؾɥ츳Ӣţ㲻Ȼ顣 
ػǵǡ 
ˣʱȴʵӡ 
Ȼصʦ˵ʵԱԼҲΪ޵ġԺпգȥ˹ҡ 
Ȼתߡ 
شĿλʦ뿪Ȼ˿ҵ治˼ʦҪı£ӵû˵ʲô 
ҵͷȻһֱңΪʲô 
˵أ 
ݿɲ֪ʱԱߣȺͼǸһȥģھԼǾһֱһأǸ˿ɱ˰ɣ 
̾˿飬˵ͳˡ 
 



3

       ֻص˾ưСѾ˲ߣõ˹⽣֤һҰƽ鷳ľƹϰ壬ȻǻصŽӱߡ ʱҲע⵽ͬеĵĸˡ 
ûİҲͬݿֻÿʣûصʦƥơ 
һҪһֻǡƽ 
ʵǸرļһܸߣܽ׳пźʹ׳Ĳӣ첲ҵô֣һͷ͵ĺɫ 
·£˲ע⵽ͺĳֻĴڶһȻȻ顣 
飬ֻ֪֮ʦ 
ݿɡ֮ظҽͬǡݿЦųҵͷȻָָǸͷĴ󺺣ɡ 
ֶʵ&amp;#8226;ɡǷ⣬˵Լȫ 
λħŵĸ߲㡣Ȼʽĳϣǻ˵˵ͱںδ 
˵⻰ʱ򣬱ɰ˫ְϣݿɵ˫ۼ 
Ұ̾һز˵ݿɺͱȻѾ϶Һ˿Լͱ˶ˡ 
ϧһǲ˵ѡ 
λѾˡ 
һɵ˫һɫĹâֻϢӲһݿɵɫò԰ף˿ɱ˼ǣ 
̾һص۾ʵô 
ҡҡͷ׵ģͲҪҵΡ 
һ˵ʲô 
ǱͿɱ 
Ҳšһһֵ˵ôǿôܻᱻͿ 
˫вѪ˿Ұ䱸ȵǿҲ֪ǰͿǲġ 
ݿվȻͿôǿôܻŻ 
ҽݿɵ֣ʱȾܵ׼Ϊ˰Ϳ 
񲢲ȱȸǿƾʲô򵹰ͿҲվ 
֮ģݿ̳űɺһ˭˵籴ȣ 
ɵѵŵʵô 
ݿɵɫɷףŭ˵Ųҡ 
Цֻ˵ʵʵȷʵ籴ȴˡ 
һݿһƷӡҲ˺ݿɸûۿңֱӳ˹ȥſǻ˵񻵻 
Ȼ¡һѾĽųرˤڵϡһŭŮҲơ 
Ȼڶ泯쵹ڵϡ 
Ұľݿɵַֺֿݣָһ϶ԷӣϾܽˤڵأеϳַýַҲԿ 
ͷıһվŭɶ֪ôĳŮˣҡ 
һЦشƹҡ 
Ѿľ˵˵ұӦԼһġ 
ƹݵһȥһȺΧһһŮòɿ 
Ҽ򵥵˵ľ˼ϸϵ󣬳̾һ 
˵ġħʧܴų˶ˣ߲㿴Ҫһʱˡ 
λأָָȺüͷһǼĽߣһϣذűȡҰ˵ͿˡȻصȥ㡣 
СĵشӾƹݺߣص 
ӻû˯һʵн 
ûСϯһɣǸ߰ҹ 
 



4

       һҹ˯ú⡣˲جΣʲô벻 ʦʱ˵ᵽصʦʱʦ¿ӣһºң 
ǸˣǲǸ첲ر𳤣Ҳܳ 
һһ£ͷʦЦˡ 
Ǳضǽʥ˹ĻԵ˹Ȼȥ˹⽣Ľͷ⻹ǳϡ 
˵ͱȵʦҡҡͷ鷳ˡħŵų͸߲ڷΨһļ֤ߣƫƫֺ˿Ϲϵħŵ˲ڳ˿ǲĵġ㲻ûİѼ뱴֮˿ͷϡ 
վ񣺡ʦʾ 
ʦڰ֣壬ȻûͲ¡ֻԺҪ¡ 
СģʦһҪǵġҵͷǡ 
緹֮Ϊ·ӡ˹飬Ųȥħŵİ´ 
ħŵİ´ǸשĲС¥һ¥ĴҺʹ۾ĽӴԱ˵⣬ӴԱһϼǵ֣Ȼ벼ȥһ칫򱻴һ 
ðɣҵԤ֮Сأݿɣɶڣ⻹ĸɫ۵ˡ 
Ҿȵǣ˹Ҳڡضڷһǵһϣһʯ 
ָһ¡ 
¡ 
ĻתˡصݸһȲ裺Ǵȥ㣬ͺðˡ 
żͱȵȥΡ˵Ͼйϵϣ顭 
ҿΧҲãݿҲãҲã׶Ըˡ 
οˡ 
ο˹ 
ץס˿ҶӦҷ²豭 
˹ЦǸˡ 
ȻЦݣȻмħҺħûʲôϸ𡣵ҿԸ㣬˿Ҫ㵱ظǷֽô 
˹һȻ˵ʦ˵Ķԣ˿Ҫħʵܵ˺ܴʧԡ 
ЦЦҾܾ 
ü㲻ң 
ҵ㻹˵׵ģͲҪΡ 
˹Цεصͷ 
ǲΪ˿ôվ²豭ݿɺҲ֮վס· 
û˵壬㲻ߡݿ˵ 
ǲûаڳʲôƣȻѾܹеѹְ̽סԿѹ 
˹ܹݣһ־ͺá 
˹֣ҶܲܳȥҲû̫աɵʵҲݿɵʵ߱һ㣬ڵĽ֮ϣ˿ҲǺܺöԸ 
ž 
˹ָ֣£ҺݿмĿռңңһָл˵ 
ָһҾ;һ˳żֱݿɺħŵ˸һѹȻʧ 
Լô档 
˹Ҫ뿪ӣֻ䶼ƿ֮¡ 
˹֣㲻أ⡣ءҸ˵㵣ҵ˿˿ѡΣǶ˿ô 
عʦ𣡡 
ҿ˹۾ 
Է˿ǰͿҶԺ޾֮ӡȻ˹ȫͬ 
ĿҲһ㣬ֻһۣҾ;ĵ׷ 
Һ˲һʱ䣬Ͳشͷ 
ǰĻȻš 
Ȼתأһҵ 
ص˵ 
ҵѲӷӡ˹ҵ¬䣡 
֡ 
һΪ 
һ 
 



5

       Ҳܵ˿Ӱ죬ȻȫءȻҿ˹ οҲȷʵҪҵ˿ 
صѾڵҡ 
Ҫӡ壬ҪħʦİħеħʦǸպöڡ 
ٸһλڱɡɻʵôħʦȥˣ 
˵ڱͰؽ總һħŵħʦȥзӡʽˡҴҲȥơأһ˵һ½ȷ硣ѾϰѩɽϺ֮ů˵ܵĥóͲ뿪档 
Һһȥ 
ֻᱻħŵ˽Ӷ鷳Ҳطҵһ¬˿뷨ҾͲһȥȻǣҲҪһͬǰ 
𣿡 
뵽ȥˡЦЦһҪȥǵʵҪԮӵġȻҲȥǾ˳·ˡ 
һɵؿһӦˡصʦ˵˴£ʦֻǵͷ 
ΪҪչ˵ħųԱճ̰ţǾڵڶųϣһֵΡ 
εѾжʮʱˣɼǵ˵·зһ㡣 
ǻ档 
ܵһС׳ĹʯͷһжлΪҽǱȼաڻģ̽ڳǱĵĴУصȴʱ̵١ 
лͷӢ 
һȫװʿ˽ζҲѾȫûӵ͵͵̾Ϣţվ 
սʤѳɶ֣ȻʧߣҲȨӢһȥ 
ʿͣסŲΪ׵սʿˮɫĳȹ񻡣̧ɫףժͷ¶ɫһѩס 
˫аŰΡϢǰʽӵĳɢȥˡ 
¡ɳƣʿǾϹ˹Ӷ 
ݱ䵽ĵزʵ޿κΡӵеĳϱųȵĻ𻨡 
Ѿˣ߰ɡǰһȻӾ˽ 
Ұ㣬һΪ㱳ҵĹҡ 
Ĳܷ𣿡 
ԭҡ 
һηۺɫˮ԰׵աͷ´ϡ 
ȻˣǱ˰ɡ 
ཻ𻨲Ʊ⣬ʵʰϢԶΪıȥûûкȣ빫ҧ 
Ȼ˪ϢԽԽ΢Ͼڻ֮С 
Ϊʲôǳʹࡣ 
ǲֻܽѡ 
Ӱڻէַ֣ر۾ 
ɣѾӮⳡսĽ°ɡ 
ȻԤڵʹû٣ϴѪĴС 
Ϊʲô 
Ӳ԰׵Ϲ΢Ц 
ֻҪȥ 
ΪʲôҪӵ֮С 
Ϊһмˣ 
Ĺͬ˵Ĺǰ 
˻ʡ 
Һ㣬һеʹ࣬һ׸пˣ˱ҵҸ֮еҸ 
Һ㣡 
ӵѾ޷Ŀߡ 
޳ָڻţӵ׽ 
ҲԸԳ 
߾׽̽Լš 
˲ͱû 
ǱȻ̳УһϤӰ 
ޡ 
ΪΣɻҡһ̯ô֪ 
˼Ȼʵͣ 
šҪʮˡ 
޺ȻЦ 
ԭˣԭˣ 
ʲô 
ʮǰеĹ߶Ȼ޷ٻ֮Լ 
ҲΪʲô׵ѱҵ壬Ϊʲôεֿҵľʴԭˣԭˡ 
˵ʲôأҷŭʵҪ㣬˿͵ʲôطȥˣ 
Ȼ裬뻢㣬ɫ֮ʱ㵱طꡭ 
ʲô߰ģҷ߷ߵص¬أ¬ 
޵ӰȻģȻ¬Ľк 
Ⱦҡ 
ǰ֣Ȼ͵˫ۡ 
ǰҵ컨壬׵Ĳӡ 
 



6

       ڶϣҾҪθκˡұܵؾӦԼһ˵ܡ ÿ˶ȨһЩܡ 
νġԮӡУ֮⣬ϣݿɺͱɶУ⻹ȫɫеˡû¶ҽǵ˼Ҳ֪Ȥزٴصһټ£ȥǵķħһеȻҲֵʣ¼Ǯ 
浽ǣҪȴ깫Լһµʱ䡣⽫һ;ѽ˿ԼˡԵʣҶħһ޺øСħűµϣҲǽݿɿǸŮˣϵزҴ顣ϴһ趼ҪʡڵϣճԹ緹ݿִչҼϲʲôɫëʱ̲ס 
Ѿˡ 
ݿɵԵһϵı齩סˣɫѩס 
 
Ȼ֪ѵҲ֪֪ġ 
ҺȻеޱȵΡһô̵˰ݿԱߣҵšҪοһ£ȴ֪ӦοڡֱݺݵĨĨ۾ٺ˵˵ɡ 
Ҳееִе㲻ֶΣǺһӢۡ˵һԴӵһμһУЩ£ĳĬ͹¶ʱ̵ľ뱯׳þһȥ룬޷ࡣ 
һӰӣǾվڲΪעĽУȻɢ 
ȥ֪ΪǵҶû̫ıˡ 
ҽ߾ܵذԼĹڼһжݿûʲôµ츳ҵζݿȴĺרע 
ĽǸѾԶٻˣǶôεıˡҲֻܴһ֮˵ĿлЩο塣ͣԼ֯ξаɣ˵Ҳá 
Ǽװ񻹻Űɡ 
ҿʼ߽һż顣ɫ۾ĳݣ˵ɫۣĹ֣ĳĹ¶įִ 
һֱҲ޻˵ 
лл㡣ݿɵ˵ȻתͷȥŴ⡣û˵ڳϵͶмĿ⣬ߵıһԲؿңһֱ﷢ë 
ģ˵ҺһҲҽȵ顣 
ݿɵ졣 
һЦҿɲ㣬ȫҽʵ 
ݿɶͷϵ͹˳˫ȭĹǽڿ֨֨졣Ҹһűɵȵסڡ 
ڨڨصͷСô 
ܵͣݿɻˡ 
һűײ飬һУɽ׳ض˳ȥ 
ͣ£Һһ³ˤ·һӲУߺѽѽҪ 
ôֹҪˣСԹҡ 
㲻Ҳûֹҵ˵ 
ϻֹôε˵ 
Ҳֹ˰˵ 
˵Ҳǣһȷʵܵѵ 
ߵߣ 
û°ɣؿЦʡֹŵɫˣû¡йһ¡ 
Ҫصʵġ 
֪Ҳܡıɵļ򡣱ЦЦǸˣû¡ 
ѽҪˣôôù 
ȵתɳصѹõһƬĲݴУһССɫӰʹҪ 
Ǹ粼֡ 
ѽǸ粼ͨﱧԹţǻˣڲݴﶼϵ¸ι˵ǣҵ˲õǸ𣡣 
㻹ѵҵأûػһ䡣Ǹ粼ɪһ£ͦ𲢲Сһظѽ˵ʲô̬ȡȿȡ㻹ˣ 
Ǹ൱ĸ粼֣粼ֻΧһƵΧǴ˼ϴĺܸɾĳۡҲûһ粼ֳеĶЩŹ֡ 
˵Ǹ˾û𣿡Ǹ粼ŭ˵С۾ŽĹâ 
Ŷ㻹Ҫôأ̲סЦˡ 
ٺ١粼ּЦţһ飬ҾԭˡȻĻ֪֪˴ү 
 



7

       ҺͬʱЦˡ Цŵԭˣ 
˵ĸ粼ֺصͷûүˡ˵ǰﲻæ 
ʲô飬˵شݵ΢ЦšҲȽ˽ˡһİ˻߲̫һֱһ־ǧ֮òһϵˣǸȽ׽ˡ΢Цִ⽻ԵЦݡ˵ȫصı飬˵粼ǻһЩ鷳ġһ鷳ȻҵңôΪҰ鷳Ϳˡ 
˵ʲô鷳أػǸһ⽻顣ССתһȦȻֿЦˣλ䳤ܴͦġӦûɶ⡣ 
ұ˫ڶһ۾÷ëʲô飿 
ţлҪҵ鷳š˿˿·ͣŵǵĳɣ̫ˡãҪ֪粼ֵĶ·ǺʹġˣȰƽ͵ն 
˵žͳ߹ȥһ£Ȼеιȥ 
ȻССѾ˳ᣬͻڱԹͦƯһôŶû۰ 
˵Ĳҽкݿɵļͬʱ𣬽ССӰͬһöڵһӳＲ߷ɹվŵıһΣҶû̫ĶѾһץס˰еˡֿ죬ݿֹһˤֱ䵽ϵĻ˲ɡ 
˵Сŵ÷ףȦڿлεšݿɺһᣬӵϰһһƴز֣еôи粼֣ 
ޡҲüϸɤӽȻ˶Դүүү 
Ϊ㡭εضݿ˵ 
ŮҲãҲգܶôǿôǿܻһ㡣 
ȷ˵ݿ˳Ҳ¸粼 
۷䣬µҪ 
˿ҲµŮΪʲô˳ĶлҵĽҲǣҪʡ 
ôǡ 
˳һ˵¹ǹ 
ÿ˶Լ㣬Լû㡪ǲûУ㻹û֡һֶֽŷ飬﷢ţθ鴤ġ 
ģҡ 
ǴЭ顣ݿϡ֮ԼΪڱ׷ɱ 
˵Ҳ֪粼ֵĻмֿţҲ֪ΰ˴үǺնһ粼ֲˣȫҵͷԵΰˡһԼĹ̶·ߣΪնʩ¹ƹṩʵԭϡڲǰһնаֽ˶ĵļһˣЩһһҪɵƤΪһ粼֡ 
ΪǸ粼֣Ҫɱ㣬ȷʵ̫ˡ˵Ļ֮˵ 
ôЩҪƤļһʲôһأʣ 
Ⱥ쵰Գʿţ˺޺޵˵ 
ʿţüͷû˵»治ʿţʿֻлƽٺϺǾޱšѵǵ˹ģ 
ǡҡҡͷҲû˵ 
緹ʱ䣬·һҹģļª⡣ݿɺһֱһңءɺͲһҲĸм䡣رݿɹһԣݿ˵˸ҿͰ⻰ʮġ 
ǰѿݽʱ򣬵⴫һɪ 
ɶһȲ裬һڣƥĸˡţǺѶԸ 
һ죬ĸͬһʽɫƤ׵˴߽Ϊ׵һµ 
ʿţû˿һ粼㣡 
תͷȥһ 
λ֡ţô˵أҲǺϲ˵˵Ļλĺи԰ 
ȣ׳Ҫ׳Ǳȱ΢һ㡣 
Ȼ׳뱴ֵܰϸĽ׳ͬļҲܿȴϸðɣûͰĴϣŽŲһһ 
һŵεףͷխüëȴŨŨܵüëֻСС۾⿴ֻ۾˲һǲǺ͸粼ʲôݹϵ 
ͷ棬ǾСӺƬ촽°ͺܿǡ 
ô˵ãһ˵Ӷ˫°͡ 
һ°͡ 
ˣôǸеӰˡ 
ױ 
Ũױ 
һôãֻһٽëˡĽëҪüëˡ 
ͿӰĨŷۣ˵졣 
ͿŴࡣ 
ҪǣˮŨˮд̱ǵľƾζ 
ӺͱҲ̧ͷ󺺶ͬʱһ˸ 
 



8

       ڶ˷漫ܵǸͺͷǲȫͺϻһͷ÷Ϳú˸͡ ǲӽץӵڶǿһͱȥĳ嶯ʵʲôˣ 
˾ȫ´½Ӣͣ˧ǧŮ׺ݵǿҲΪ֮а֮У뼼ܵеĴ˵еӢۣʿŵųˣ治ɫһδʡ 
ûô 
һҶͶءŵλλųģȻܱԵЦݣ˵Ҳû˿治ǹ⽣壬Ҫͨǿ̫ˡ 
ΪʿŵųҪԼյȫĵͶ뵽аս֮СȻΣǳΪӢ븶Ĵۡҡ 
ųĻûн꣬һ֭ˮѾʵʵϡݿվҹȥ 
ųǿ黹ðĿ̵òᡣ˦ϵĻױ֭˲٣ٽëҲһߡʵ˳۶ˡ 
߾ʲô˴󵨣ҳ͵Ϯӵġ 
׵ķųϵıڿݿɵһ˲ˡ 
Ȼ¶Ϊ˵Ц⡣ 
˶ųһڿˮŶŮΪλ䵽ֵطǱаĸ粼²𣿲ҪżҪ£ϾȣӢڴˣҪһи粼սɲŶ˶ͬķѣ㷢ͬĺ̦˫С۾ 
ݿɣҴƽ˵ 
ߣ粼ֵĿܣųмɨĸһۣŮǲҰεģҵѾȫȾţ̲顣Ů벻Ҫͼϸ磬ֻǸ˵ 
ʵʱҲ϶λųǸˣȷʵ 
ǰδ˵һˡ 
ݿɫɭų߹ȥ 
ŮĻɣ硭 
ˡ˵ 
һ춯صĲҽУųԲӵɳ⡣վŵһﱻҵһæ׷ȥݿһԲҵڵصǼһһգҲ˳ȥ 
ллл˽Ͱ͵˵ 
ݿɿһۡ 
ôȻø粼˳ˡš 
һͷķųֵײײسǺô󵨣ҶԱų˶֣ʲôˡ 
վƹӳ߹ȥ 
˹⽣˳λ̳ˣħʱųءʲô⣿ 
ųһɫе㷢ࡣ 
ҵҲһ 
ųΪû˵ 
ԼԼģҾе㲻ͷ 
 



9

       ǱѾͳ֤һظ߷ų粼ǡܵ˳ϵˡѾڡ˵ı֮¡ҰкЦһﻹǾȫѹ⽣ħǣ˳ˡ ųѾȫ˹⽣ħŵͷסˣȫû뵽Ǳ꣬ǵ˹ˣȨִװģѵ˼֮Լ»ˡ 
ŵشʿ֮ػص¡ʵҪͱصĹԱϵһô 
ûҪɵϰˣȥɡ˵ǱڲսƽϢ¡˵ 
ݿҲҪʳһԲؿԡɻȴԽԽࡣ 
ħȻС桱֣ǲҵԼһ֮İ֯ 
Ϊ⽣ĵ˳λ̳ˣڵ˹۹ӦǺܸߵġΪʲôݻȥһľ֯ 
οħŵĴųͬѾħŵȨС 
Ҹħûʲôϵ˿ĽǶ˵ҺħӦôڶϡGSDǱȣǼ񣬶ңȹҡҲ޷ħ𽥱˹ơ 
ȻЩɻֻϾڲħţһ˵˻鷳 
ʱ֣ǵ˺նǡ 
ҵĹ硣ҶȻûʲôĸо£ҵĴСĵط 
˵Ҫںնͣһʱ䣬һЩҲýϢһ¡൱ڵȥ¹ƹݡһ 
˵кܶҪݿɼ͸粼һȾƣȵöȫ˲ڡ 
˺ܴҺñɺԸ롣Ǹҵ¹ƹݡܺңնһҾƹݡ 
·ϵ˶粼ֵĳֶǼֲֵӣҲΪڽϻ˼ţͷءնǱóģദٱ濴ܺ 
ƹĹߺܻ谵˵ǺܶࡣΪŸո硣Żȥ̨תһȦȻһʧػ 
Ųڣ³ȥˡûϵλܾãһзñүˡ 
¹ƹݵѾƺܲһɵĸоȻľ񣬵ʮֵˬڡҶžƱﻹص飬ɺȻص̾һ 
Ȼץƿһ˴ƿѾơƿʱѾ⡣ 
˵û°ɣСʡ 
ҡҡͷֺһڣȻ̾ϢЩ飬ûħԼĻ˵ǾÿԸ㽲һ| 
ȥŪˮʲôġ˺֪Ȥ￪ˡ 
˵ɡ˵ 
һֱĽųˡػžƿ˫Ŀ룺ȻҲ֪ǲܵ顣Ȼ޷Լĸ顣ħһЦʲôϵųҲ֪иԶĿ꣬ҷϡ 
Ҵ¾ƿùһƱһ 
ڣųѾˡûҵݸľƣųȥʱҲڳ԰ɡ 
ҵͷҵĻȥġȻҿɲô 
ʹ𣿡ɵȦе㷺죬ҡҡͷƽΪ֪ʤѾ 
ѡ֮ǰֲʺ;һ޷ȴġ͵Ŭȴֱֶ޷򵹵ĵˣľԶԶ֮ʹȻʱһ˵ٻȽϺáԴݿɵǼ֮ҾԺֻҪ˵ѵıҪ޹ؽҪĻԻӦ˵һġ 
ȵЩ飬֪ĻȽҸ 
ɵųѾˣӦñסħţħŰųԸȥȴһ㶼 
ץƱһһ 
ءߣǵ˹۹һһȡħſȨĹߡǺֶ߲Ϊųȥ֪ȥ 
һļ 
ȵ̫ˡҪҪȥϢһ£ 
ҡҡͷҺɡԺҪͷʹ黹ء 
ص̬ȷʵܿɡ 
ûпʲôҲûʲôȻҲ˵ 
һпȻ 
ȻҲܸо˹۹ħŵҰġ 
ȻҶܸоĵõħŵĸֲ߲ɵϣȻҲܸоõ 
ΪʲôǶûκαʾص˴ų 
ΣҸ˵Ĺϵ󡣾Ҫע£ҲҪħŰӽ˱˹֮˵



10

       ɫѾҺ˰ͻõꡣغݿȻûл ûкҲ˲١ƾѪȼգҸеʮȣһ𰲶ٺıɣҾһ˳ȥߡ 
̫ɽɢҹϰϰںնĽͷĿġĶҳһţͷ 
ҺȻҺСʱ򣬿߰ʱ򣬸һκնǡǵڳⲻԶĵطһľҪѻߡһߵ¥״ȥָԶĺնһδǰ˵׬㹻ǮʹǰᵽնбõѧУкܶԸҺóΪѵˡ 
ֵǣЩʱҾȻеġȴһζӿͷ 
İ 
ǰʱҺڵңȫͬˡһƿеĵطȥ 
Ӳݴľӳڵɫֲڹϵʯǽһ⡣ݴвʱ߽¥Сϵʯ̦޺ųʪϢ¥ľݶµбʴ¹ͷһʰ׶ϡ 
¥¥ĵذϺ˵ضһЩʯľ塣һƽʯͷɨȥ¡˾ƿ⣬ȴֲȡ 
ԲûƣɫҹֻвļǡҾţؿգȻһƬտ 
Ҳ֪Լ˶áʵұܻһֱ 
ҴֿľоѵģһŮ˵ 
벻ʱб 
ʵһҿճ񣬿ɲҺ޷Ķҵ;ʱ̴ھ״̬СԲʮڵκη紵ݶҶԲ 
ǸŮ˿ڽʱ򣬷¥ݿϡ 
ҾȻʲôû 
վת 
ҲߡŮǸ߸ӡһİۣ֡ 
ͣüĿȥ൱࣬ȴѾŮ껪 
һͷںڵĳֱֱ׹׹ڼϣɼˡףüɨɫ˫۲תıӣ˫¹÷λð㲻ʵ 
ֻ˿òȡ˿˵ĸоȫͬ 
ȫ෴ 
˿ʣͬŵõ壬ȼյһ𡣶ţƿչȵϪ 
һʱס 
һЦΧ·𶼹 
Ǹû뵽ʱ򻹻б 
ҺȻ˵еϤƺʲôط벻 
ȴϰĿɿڴı飬Ƴ߹ͷա 
ܺõɫҲء 
һˡ 
˵ʱ򣬴һֺرζĿ 
ƿ㡭ǲǸմѩɽǱ 
ȻԳɫףô֪ 
ҴЦһ㵱ʩԮ֣ڿѾһ߶ʬѩ֮ˡ 
ʱҾ;Ů˵ϤĶԭĿֻʱѾܾûлع棬û뵽ڽȻѩɽϰǾȳѩӵģ 
ҲЦˣԭǡСһ׮عһ 
ͺ˵ˡþƿָָԼҽаǡ 
˹һѩаָָԼ˹&amp;#8226;ૡ 
벻ֵطˡЦŵôΪʲô㻹ֵطأ 
˹΢΢һЦʣôΪôʱ 
ҵʵֻɢɢġ 
˹ͷŶô˵ġ 
ֵطˣһΧ£שʯưܣȥǸĻĺõط˹̧ͷ˿Զ볾¿տǾĺõط 
ôҲ޷ŮӺ;ϵȻҺȻ𣬵ѩɽµǵ㼣 
ԼղȫϢؾͳ 
Ұо񣬾ȻȫоϢ 
ߣȴȫо˿Ϣ 
ֻҪǻˣͱضҪĶȻΪ΢ǾֻҪоܸоõ 
ҸоĺҲ 
һˡվǰ 
˹·𿴳ҵ˼ЦŵģϢ棬ҲǿأЦˡ 
дݡ飬ʦУһּΪɣǱ԰գֻ츳˲ܹһɣ󡣲ʦԼҲˣҴû 
ҺȻ뵽ľŮӣʵпԶԶ֮ϡ 
 



11

       ǿ֣ԼսĵҲضͬСɣ룬ĶʲôˣҪҪҰæ ΢ЦҡͷʵҲ㲻ϾֻһֱҪָ¶ѡȻôԵ㣬鷳֤˾ͺˡ 
Ȼ̧ͷָһ£ҲÿҪˣһǱԵʱ㡭ֻҪվﲻҪҶӦþͲˡ 
ҲЦЦûϵҡ 
˹üһţˣ 
ȻҾͱһεľ޴ֱƵǽϡ 
˹վԭ˿δѾ͸һɫ΢⡣ذϸСʯľεѹ֮Ưڰգת 
¥Ȼûݶǻǽڡ 
ûз硣 
˹ĳۺͺڷ޷ԶĲϷ·Ա˷ĴĶںڵͷƮ衣˿ϵıҲ 
һѹϵǿԿ湻ҵģӱȵ˹ٵǰλ˰˹Ǳ˵ƸסʱҾ;ԺлһҲҪѧٲܱŵĶǽϡ 
Һð˹Ȼǿȴǳġɴе׵ʵûжٹԣҪǷһܱȽɵضԿѹ 
һϤеЦ 
Ѿͷô 
һ˲ҶΪˡ 
һǰһڣûιȥǽɲֱ֮ǵǽ¥һ߽⡣ҽһգֱȥ˹ȻǴƯߵʯϸľͬʱ衱һɷĩؿ˫ڷҫ۵İ׹⡣ 
⻹ôԼһͷؽ֮ǰǿҵƽ⣬еǱڵϣŵؿŽƾڰյİ˹ 
УǱȣҲиĹ̰ 
ҫ±£˹߾˫֣ϵĹâԽǿң·ȥǿ£ǿ˹屻һֱԼҵİ͸ΧţγɵĽ硣ıԲɫ⻪ڳ״תϢ 
ڰ˹µ¥Унʯľ鱻ȻЩһĵײ̻Ϊɻɢ֮С 
һˬʵĳЦһӰҹɫдһֱеİ˹ 
˿ּˡ 
˿ͬһöƷһɵش״磬һȭֱ˹ 
뺰ȴûҡ 
֪԰˹ǿеʱһ˲ķĻĺ 
类Ƶ˲䣬˹˫£ӭ˿ȭͷ¹ı£ؿ˿ȭڳһϺɫ 
ȭཻ 
һ죬˿ֱֱ׹ȥ˹ϵİɫȻȻȻըɫ鲼Ƭ¹Ʈ䣬¶°ɫͷͰɫȹ 
֪ð˹洩һúܶ˲ˬǲĻҪг 
˿һֵڶγ˹˹Ѿƣ޷ͣڿУУһһҫ۵İɫ壬ѸͣȻƣӭ˿ȥ˿ٺһЦۺӣӲһ۵ıըסĹơ 
һڵϣԶ 
˿ԶڰҾҹվǰҲܷһۡ 
Ѿͷ겻г˿һɵЦţȴеһ˦֣ղһºǲᡣ 
ѩɽһꡣ˹˵ʱңҿ顣˿ɫĪѾǶ 
˹ҡͷһ㡣ҲѧһЩĶء 
ðǾҼʶʶʱ㵽ʲôɡ 
˿΢Ц˫۵ı˿˿Ϻɫ˫ 
ǻָ̡˹ϴκֺľУҪˣ 
ܷɡ˿ 
кȻ˽Ƥľ磬˹ϢٶȸǣȻһֱ˿ 
Ӹղ˽ֵĹ˹ƺȽóԶˣսȷ˿ר 
̾˰˹⡣ 
ұۻָ£絶˿ļͷбȥһ䣬дһͳĻХ 
ûɵİɫͻ֣ɫɫƽ֮Ļڰ˹Χ˶ĻצŰ˹һͬ¡ 
 



12

       ˿˫һᣬסһŻܾԶ˹ٶҲܿ죬һǿһеľ֮ͻĹ밢˹˲ͬɵĻצһ˿ıϣж˴󲿷ַȻ˹ֵȥ˿Եػζһ£ץ밢˹졣 ָŰ˹Ļʱһ죬˹ݣȴѾˡ 
˿Ѿץס½ıðһɺ̡ 
˫õɫ۾ԳҰްײɫ 
ҼԼ޴ıըһͽûбıȻĿʱѾܲôˣ˿ǰ˹Ҷϧκһˡ 
ס֣ҳܹȥ 
䡣 
ڱը֮ǰһ˲䣬һɫĹ⻪Ӱ˹ɢһֱɵİ򣬽Լ˿С 
ڱըͬʱһ޴Ľһ΢΢һ£ȻʧǱըĳҲѾգ˴غͿ֮С˹ץס˿һŤ˿֣˹վ 
 
˿ɴƯĴ۾ 
Ϊֹɡ˹˿ǡҴ 
ʶ˹˿ͬʱҡ 
ǡһ˵ͷΪֹɶλ 
ô⣿˿ȵʵ˹Ҳʵ˿ʲôˣ 
ұ˵˿ҵѣǵʱ֪ôģڵ˿ҽ㡣 
˹¶һֵֺı飬㣿 
һ˺ܲڵһᣬͷˣôȻʤδֺźǽط꣬һǲˡ 
˵ת˿Ǽ飬Ѿ֪ˣ 
˿ʲô飿 
˹ЦЦǺǣ˵Ͳ˵˵Ҳá 
˵תߡ 
ʲôصġ˿ƲƲ죬Ȼ߹ 
Ľǣɻ󣬵ǣ־ʧ䣬һ̱ѩڡ 
˿ҺȻ֪˵ʲôá˿΢Цҵ֣ʵôôϵð˹ 
Ҵ˵һѩɽ飬ںһ𣬶ҡҪ㡭 
ʲô˿ʡ 
ص˼Ǵ£ħš 
˿мغһ 
飬һǱܡôû¬Ϣʡ 
˿ҡҡͷֱӵ˺㱻һҵ˹洬Żȡϰ֮иǰԼᣬ͸ꡣû뵽㡣ģû£¬һҲµġ 
˵˹ôʶģʡ 
˿ԥһ££ҲաȻȥɣһ¬һеҪȸһȥǣҴͷȥ㡣 
֪˿һ·֯䣬ҪȻ٣Ҳ͵ͷͬˡ 
˿Ǹˬˣ˵߾ߡֺһ˻صùѾˡҪطʱסҡ 
е飬˵ 
˵ҲʱֲСذҴķϷţϸؼһŴʹ¡⵹ 
ߵ£ԼҲ󣬵裬һֱߣȻЩ飬ǲ֪ӦοڡҪ㽲ĻϣһҪܣһŵʱβԸκˡ 
ΪʲôңʵؿЦһ£Ѿû˿ˡֻ㣬Ը㲻ҪҵΡ 
⻰е˲ʹ졣һǵͷ˵ɣһᱣܵġ 
ұ˵Һܻܿ̫ʱˣҪñ֪ġ˵ãȥߵ֮УΪɿ 
 




13

       ЦЦ㿴ȥǻˡ ҲЦˣ飬˭֪أ 
ҵôʲô飿 
һ£飬治֪οڡôҾʹͷ˵ˡ͵һ°ɡ 
֪ǵ˹۹⽣Ļӡҵĸǰλʵ۱ͬĸĵܵܣҲǹ⽣ĵ˳λ̳ˡҸʱ򣬺͵˹ĹӵһǸ̫ˡʽ֮ǰѾбŮˡ 
˵Լϵʱķ£⵹еΣóҲݣǼ˵ȥ 
ǸŮ˾˵ֻһϰŮʶѾ޷֪ǣҸ׽֮ǰѾΪҸһŮֹ֮˼꣬ĿģҸȢ˹ѡۺŮΪޣҲҵĸסȻǻҸȻ鸾ܵĸڽһ֮ңȻͬʱҸ׵鸾ҲΪһӡȻ˽Ӳܼ̳мҵǱϾҲǹ⽣Ѫ鱻ĸ֪ĸ׷ǳŭҪΪ⽣˳λ̳ˣ˹ѡۺ֧֡ΪԼǰ;׽ΪһŮһӵ鸾͵Զ˹׶ƤŵأϾ˹ϵһʱ֮󣬸ܵһӳһǮǿŮˣ֮Ů˾ʧȥϢ 
Ҿţغ˿ڲ裬˵׶һֱΡ֮ǰҴ޻Ϊ˿ʱǡ길ȥ̽ʱ飬пܵĻҵǸŮ˺ĺӣҲҵĽֵܣúչǡҴӦ˸ס 
ҵˣʡصҵ˵ǮǵǸӳѾˡһĸ˵ˡֵǣҵúʮֽţ˵֮Ļǰìܣ©ٳһ˵ǸŮǮ뿪˵˹һ˵ûҵǣҶġѾǸˣһܽ˿̡ 
üͷû˵ʲôصڽӵҸ׵ֽӵĸ׵ȷҵҸ׵鸾ǲûнǮǡ 
ͣסˣ˵Ǿ仰 
ɱĺǡ 
ҵĺڰжš 
ǵġصͷɱǸŮˣǲûҵҸ׵˽ӡʱʹǸͽϴŮҲʮңʧȥĸ׵ĺӲܻġҲû׷飬ǻȥĸ׸˵Ů˺ĺӶˡ 
ҵͷ˵ؿЦһ£Ϊ壬ЩԼҲ޿κΡΪʹ˽ˣһҺҸ̸ʱ򣬸˵¡ 
һصҸ˵ҵǸ˽ӽ㣬ĸһһ˫õɫ۾ 
ʲôһվеݡ 
õɫ۾ҵľȷӦص֮У£˵ 
£еָⶼ䡣 
㡭˵ 
ʲôû˵ҡҡ֣ʲôû˵ûκ˵֣ô 
ҵͷס 
һˣһ߾ȫԿģԼǣǶôҵ鰡̾˿ȻΪ⽣ˣұκ˶˹ҵǵģѸ࣬ĸɲɶҡûκλġҲϣңҪϧһдΪԼˣ٣ɽħţһϷݡ 
ͬġҵ˵ 
֪Ҳǰɡ˵һҪԱܣֻҪһţͲܸκˡ 
𣿡ʡ 
ԡҲ˵ 
Ϊʲô 
Һ£֮еһĻһ֪࣬޷ɱҡض豭һվ 
ȥϢɣ컹Ҫ· 
 



14

       ںܶʱǻñ˵⣬Ȼͻϣֱһ죬ǺȻ򵽣Լġ صķһ̣ҺȻãôΡ磬һͷͿԸıܶ˵ˡ 
ԼΪ̸֮УܸоԻҵĻ谵븯ܣԻεᣬޱȵ񡣵ԼҲǻһӣΪ壬ͱԼΡ 
˿ĵܵܣҾһҪ߾ȫֹǽ֮ĹС 
ǣӦø˿ 
ȥҾҶ˿ܡΣѾܵı֤ 
뿪ն˴ڵʱ䴩깫˱밵صĽ紦ǡ 
Ǹ˻ĵطԭһƬϵɭ֣ɭ뿪ٳһƬӪΪľ»ľӪ𽥷չ˰ǡﵽϵĲľͷ֦Ҷ֯ɵ졣ѴֲŨƣԲҹһƬ谵ɭһ̬İֻżĳǧʱĸҶ̤ȥž 
˲ǣɭֶһĪհΧšǹϵɭԼһģ΢ʶ 
սѾˣڰӪҲӭǵľһŮ 
ǸֻʮСŮһͷŨܵĺɫ̷кһֺĴ۾ΪΡŴ鲼ºͶȹҪбһϸҾȵ˵ʱȻҲĿ 
λħһаɡǺܾܴ󷽵סص֣һص¡ɡ 
سݿɿЦһ£ŮһªľݡŮƿľݵţظҪ˵Ůȴ촽ǰһָֹ 
ľݺխĹ߸ûκμҾߣֻǿǽǷһ޴顣 
һƤƤϣϯضһ塣 
˶ŮӡֱִӵǸԼʮһĹǳɫĿɳۣһͷͷɵһ٣һöסͷ࣬üëڶ޳ڷ׷ 
Ůһͷ糤ͷǵɫһʽϵĿ䳤£չʱĻױüëϷͿкɫī㣬ƤҲܰףǰ׵еˣ˸еܲʵ 
ӦòϣҲֻʮ˾꣬ϸһֺʮꡣļ۵ͬӤרעȴֻ˲еĲɣ 
ɫͷŮӼ죬˼ڷŮڶԷÿһ֮ҪһһӡҲԶһ㣬óڷŮӵԶԷÿһжصõˮ©һʱ֮仹¶ 
ǽŮƸǲҪֻһԾؿšŮƹߵߣҵ֣Ȼһơ 
ҿ˿ǣҲĵؿ塣ҸŮĵ߳⡣ŮᳶֱֵָȥҵΪ֪Ҫʲô 
Ҫȥ 
߽̲֮סƬɭֽ˲ 
ĵطһСյأ߻衣Ůɿҵ֣˼ȻγϵĽ 
壬ͽ̡ 
Ȼһֱͱ 
ҳһȻܿͷ֣ĽȻ㾫Ǳ仯֮ڷŵŮӶеĻҳֵٶҲܿ죬뷢֮תиΪۣûоʵսݲνƾĽСʮ֮СѾͷͶͷҲԼ 
ʵͣǸŮӣѾѵˡҽŲһ࣬㿪شһֶһϵĿ֦һĽϡһֻ˲ɵ㹻Ľ䡣 
еĽغŮһ£ȻܿЦ𽣲ؽҺʽһ 
лͽ̣塣 
Ȼȵҵ֣ʦĵӣҽ 
ᰵͽܣе㾪ȡһѾǿͽܵĵزô 
 



15

        뵽ǰر𲿶ӵܽͷĵӳﵹҲ ʦأҲڰ𣿡ʡλԴʦʦ²ڣˡʦ˵أ 
ҿЦ壬ѾϵԱô 
صľʱѾӽβϣڷŮջˡЦЦ̣˰ˡ 
ֳԷһָɫͷŮӹһȻȻƮڰлһŰƴСֽƬΡڷŮֽӹֽƬŽȻźȻһæվ 
ǺǣеĹͷˡش˰ɡܸ̫лˡҡҡ֣޷ 
ǲ˼խĵطûСڷŮӾִٵش֣Ȼȥʰ̡ 
ҽаޱޱ&amp;#8226;ǹ⡣һذӼУһ˵ħŵĴϯħʦλɴӦϵҡ 
Ȼɵؾ̣һݽǣֱóһó˽ˡصæˣʵֻԼڣأǲʮһô 
ޱɫȥǡԴǶˣ˹Ƥ̵ĳѨ֮С 
ʲôؽһҲеȫôܣ 
ޱȻǺҡҾΪ̰ӵģҡ 
˵źȻץסԼ½ 
ѩ׵ϣһ˵ľ޴˰̡ۺɫ˰һŤľ޳ϣһֱ·ȥһˣ˺治֪Ůλġ 
رľٶһҲ˼ֻ 
ޱ˵ҲΪԼʽҵסһҽ˵ֻһ˵ࡣҲɱˡڻȥ֮ǰ׻˳ұӦúһģҪľ߱ˡҡҾԾԲӵģҡ 
ݿȥ£½󣬵ס𼤶˵˵ô£ͷ˵ 
Ҳ̫ɣȥҵɣطһЩ 
صɫˮ 
ȷʵСĽǶ˵е̫ˡһӪҾͿⶥ޴ţƤ񣬵ȴû뵽ȻסĵطһΪǲֿء 
ʦͲ˶סǶڣһסذѴԲεĻߴɣʮһһż׵оɢҵضżӡطܿտʯΧһһչȡֵȼľ񣬻ůɢ 
Һü밬ޱһסǽ㶼Ӧ˵ŴһƤڵϣǾΧŻϯض 
ô鷳ءޱ˵Ŵͷ 
ݿɰﰬޱƣȷ޴󰭺󣬲ðޱ˵ȥ 
ӵԮʱֻ˵аļΪԷǲУ汾ȫսʵħʦΪǵʱʵԷӡаڸϵǣչ֮ŷ鲻ԡ 
ԷбģʡޱҡҡͷҪЩ޴İ顣 
ʲô 
ֻ˹Ƥ̵аİǰͻһشʱĻֱɳַӣ˾޴Ĵ֮󣬰ɱˡ 
Ѿɱˣʲô𣿡ʵҡҡͷԸǲܼ򵥵һɱ֮ġ 
ޱͷͬҰޣ̺о޴ħͼǻ۵ޡóȻؽɱĻԹ޺ʬ̻ȥջɸӿµʬ 
ʬͽ˻ 
 






16

       ɱа˹Ƥ֮󣬽źڰһĹ֮УϣӢѹаԹޱҡͷֱ޴͸ĹǧۼаԹպתʬḶ́ͬʱһЩʬ塣Щʬϲд΢ʶ޷аǿԹ޶ԿܿͳΪа־Ļʬ ʬȻѶԸСĵز졣ϼҲһԶעޱͷǵģʬΪʱʹľ޴Թ޻ȫ񣬵һĴڡɱһĶȻܺߵʬҲͺһߡⶫѾģ޷ɱһΡݻʬһ֣ҲܿʬϵĲ㡪ģͲų⡣ü𡣡 
ô룬ʵʲô𣿡 
Ŀǰ˵ΨһеķٴηӡޱɫҪӡôĶӡʽ׼ʱܳڼҪǣסǼȫħʦҲûǣ㹻ʱ䣬 
ûǴĻħʦרѹƵ˵ķ𣿡ʵޱҡͷѹƷԭĿ֮ϵĿĶٶۡʬû壬Ѿ帯ʱһͬΪһˡѹƷûá 
˵ȫҪǣҲüͷޱǣҲѡ˹ƤǰǶʬǴо綾ĹڶжϢסʬĵطѾŨҵֱ͸˵Ƥ 
һ˿ͺðˣöĴмң˵ʲôԲߡ 
ָԼϥǣ˺ܾ֮ŵοзӡ⣬дһѯһ±ʿᡣ˿ɿķ֮жаʲô򣿡 
һֱݷĹ֮Уûгļ󡣹ڸĹеİŹǣȸɿܾͻˡʱҪ˵ǰǣҿܶܵǣ 
ھۼԼľô˵ǽʬͦصޱͷʬȻûѵʶǱϾǻѾΪڱһ֣ǵûͷԵĽʬ 
ôƣŻҪŻ 
ϴνȥʱİŹǵĿٿǵаʬٶȣŲһˡ 
ϴǽȥʱζԿأݿʵޱͷʽ˽赲ϮҲǵսʽȫսڷӡѾˡ 
ôĻصѾˡ 
ޱĬ˺ܾãѵҪһ˻𣿡 
Ȧ죬ܳɹӡаҲûʲôź 
صɥͲҪ˵ˡǻһҵʱ䣬ڼһ°ͥҲ֧Ԯһ°ɡ 
ζؿң̾˿ڣͺðˡ 
û˵ 
סޱҪԼľУΣֻݿȥչ 
ڶһ磬컹δȥһ׽꣬صӪ֮ҵҡ 
˵ʵǲǼ˿żɽʵ 
Ϊʲôô˵ 
ЦЦܸоϢ 
ЦԼûиоôоģ 
صĪˣҺǡ 
ͣסһСᣬŵϣ˿԰æΪңҲΪħšҪ֪һаûбӡ޹ȥ 
ҾֳĬǸˣӦҵ˼ 
ҲϣΪҶ˿ŵ 
ҲϣΪȷʵҪ˿İ 
ҵļ򣬵ټ˵˵顣룬ǻԸæġ 
 



17

       һʱ䣬ضдҪ֧Ԯ⽻飬Ҫ󱴶ʦṩЭļħԪǵı飬һݸ˹ҵż дŵʱݿɺһֱߡݿԱ߰ض˲赹ˮëʣ˾һؿš 
ҺȻã˵Эؽаӡģ˵ڼġ˵ħŵԪǶ˹ҵĴųһĽġ 
ź֮Ǿͱ¿ΪɵаĶ޷ȥʵؿһΪĽսʱǺƽʱڣӪİҲԸǹĽصĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڸݿɺͱоսļƻȥĥʱ⡣һ֮ͷˡɭӶҲÿ˳Է֮˯ 
ǶҪæһЩһҪر𲿶ʣͼеıÿҪѼװãͣٷźãҲͦʵ 
һ磬ҰӪʹߵޱľǰ 
ſţ濴һۣޱպҲεغһۣе㲻֪˵ʲôźáޱЦЦ 
ǺǣҾߡҴ˵ޱҲЦˣЦıˡ 
Ļɡ 
룬ͷ߽խľСޱӻȡһŰָֽɵؽһԵΣȻ׳ȥεֽƬص˲仯һμʱŮӡ 
ЦˡޱָŵŵƤ̺ӵ׻ȥݵɡ 
ֽƬɵŮӵͷת߳ȥҾصɴ۾ޱҶ£ҵֻʹʽˡǿһĻڲ 
㲻鲻ĹҿοޱҡҡͷҲӦһ˻ġҸŴһֻұҪаθشˣԲ֪ܵػšҡ 
æĻˣôΪ˾ˣǵǱûô 
ޱͷٽ˰ӣѾεҪȴֲ֪˵ʲôáȻ֮䣬ҿ̺԰ŵУһ磬һɡ 
ޱЦЦȡУҲֶ 
ҵͷҲһ㣬ǶùһЩ򵥵߷ѡʱܲһֱţҪҵҵҲ̫棬顣 
ޱͷĬĬ̯̣ӡִӣ֡ 
ޱĻҪߺܶ࣬ʮ֮ҾͿʼ֧׾ܿĹɾһˣޱ̧ͷؿһۡЦЦְںӣ 
ʱǸ׻ֽƬŮӡޱΪʽ񡱣˲ĵذѲ̷ǵ̱ߣԼ˶һԣһͬ 
ܺúȣڶˣȻ˵֡Ұڵľֵʱ򣬰ޱԭĲ档 
ҵͷЦǰǲ 
ޱôȻ֪ذܣΪʲôҪأ 
ҵΪȤȡʤڹ̡ 
ޱû˵ҽŵҪģֻеȤʤʵ޹ؽҪ֪ذܣҲҪһ̣һʼ䡣һʼ䣬Ҳ޷еȡʤȤ𣿡 
ޱͷ˵ǰʱʦ˵Ļ˵Դһڵעˣܹӱܡһ٣ʱһжǶȥû֮ʱβԷԼĻһˡ 
ޱѩ׵Ϸһ˿ѪɫؿңȻվһ 
ָл 
ҡҡ֣̫壬²㡣 
ʵһ²̡ܹ֣֮֡ȻһĲҰܡ 
ޱ͸ղԲͬˣȻòϿ޵Ѿ 
ʱһ벻ͨ飬ʵֻҪǶȣֻܹͨϧϲţǼʵ̫ࡣ 
 



18

       ӹ졣ҺͲӺȾƣͰޱ壨ȫûнһֱŰɱţż졣ңڰͥͱͣս֮ر𲿶ӾͱͥٻءҪչʡ ֣˶԰ɣʡͷˡ 
뿪ˣ 
ţ꣬ˡЦ˵ʲô磬ˡ 
æԲ𡣡 
ҡҡͷûϵģѾˡʦҺܺõģеㆪ¡ 
Цˡǰ᰾Ǹͦˣǰʱһʱô˵ˡһΪóˣû뵽˽ʱȻѾﵽˡ¡ĵز 
ҹ˯ṳ́ܲʵҹʱһֵĸоҴǳǳ˯ֱҲ䲻ʱʲô顣 
Ժش·Ž߳Ӫֻܰлȼʱ졣Ƥ׵İʿųӪΧѲߡǿһۣѯʶѯʣΪȥҹһģǿҵĸоֵ 
ڰĴûһ˿ߣ͵͵ĳػصڱĿСûз磬гʪһЩľһһľ࣬Щɡںڰз΢⡣Ҵʱһְ˯ѵ״̬֮УָоָĿİǰŲŽŲ 
Ȼҿ˻⡣ 
ůĹâһѹ 
㾲֪ʱѾͣ 
ΪʲôһδɢȥһָоͽȫΧ 
θ鴤ָⷢ飬âڱָоҲİǽ 
ǿҵĽ˿ıܣҴ 
ѵ˹Ϸ뷨 
˹ĽȻǿңǹӻ֮дһֳȻƽ͡µ⽣·΢Ǽг˹ײС˹Ľѹ£Ҹжɽȴ˿ںöѪıԡ 
ҲγԽǿԿŽѹȡȻҲ΢Ĺ¹۲ΧĻ 
һܴĿյءյصһƽ̹ľʯھʯϾȼš 
ԼжʮԶ 
Ķ棬һɫӰϥ˿ݣһͷɫĳɢڼϡϴһѾƵĻɫۡڲڳӰУ塣һ˫۾ڰзĵĹ΢⡣ 
˭Ҵʵδ䣬̧۾һۡ 
ʹŻ棬ĿԾҸеһ̹ǵ 
ǲܹӵеĿ⡣ǵĿпһֻ޾Զ޷Ŀᡣ 
ȻĻһ£Ȼƾʧһ˲䣬Ѿǰ岽Զĵطһӣһаһн䱸һͬʱһɺǰһӶȻǵصɱѹҽһֱظ 
˵Ӱһҳӿաܵҽǰһ壬һɺղҵĺԻԾڿת˫ս¡ 
һٴգߴһɳƵĵЦһɾ޴ײҵĽϣ˴ڵءһ 
˺ȻѾֶ֮󣬷·δ 
ʱҲŸеͺһʹڸһ·ѾƣȾѪȻֻ˵˱Ƥδ⡣ϵҲǣжϼͷͷƤϻһǳǳ˿ڡ 
ʲôˡԼƽ 
˻վ֡ 
һѽ 
⽣ 
ȻǰصĹ⽣ȫͬѹ⽣ĽʽҪϵö࣬ҲöࡣϲصĹ⽣ֱһ֪ʲôŤһγ˹⽣ĽĹ졣 
ǣѹ⽣ĽȻɫġ 
ɫ⣬Χ΢ߡǻӳգںڰи 
аĹ⽣ָңȻǿһڸǰָоת˲š 
㲻ϵҡ˵ΪɳơҴƣ·̵ܹĿһ㣬أһһֵصѵҲϵ˫ħӰ 
Ҽѵҡҡͷ 
ƺһ£Ȼ㲻أ 
ҵҲǣҽа˭ 
ѹȻɢȥҷЩʴӡһԭ˹ĵӡ˷һ򡣡 
Ȼξڰ֮Уʧ



19

       ҰŸ˿ڣվ˺ܾãŻعԼѾ͸¡޷ƵĿ־Ҵָĩ˿ʼ顣ҪԼƽȴԼ˫ֺ˫ھҵز ֱǸʱȫо־壬ֻսȥ֮󣬽źѹʧ־ֳԭʼĿ־壬Ŀ־塣 
˸ղҪɱң˿ҵʬѾ䡣ֻҵĽ 
ǰ˵ĻĿأ 
˵ǡ˹ĵӡص⡣ 
³еĿҲڲˮӶͷϵ۾ʹһһػŽֱָԼѾûˡȻɳʵطӦҵľºͽšڴʰľнѳڵϿʼŻ¡ 
֮󷴶һЩվĨ亹𡣻Ĺâů 
ءصʵ϶޷ֵˡ 
ټϱɺݿɣ޷ֵˡ˵Ľʵ̫¡ 
ҴҴӪ߻ȥȻҺȻƺ·ˡʱԺظĸоģȻںڰɭûκοָ·ıʶֻƾ䳯ӡӪصķȥҲ֪˶ãںҵ֡ 
Ǳɺ滹Ųӡ 
ҹȥˣӪصڱ˵ŽߣȥôûһΪ㡭ɾŻѳȻеˣʲô£ 
ģҴʡ 
Ӫأôˣ˵زأĵʵҡҡֵû£ȥء 
߳ɭҲŷѾˡڸݿһоһŵͼ֮һҲŷԼֶѪԺ˿еѪһӣҹŻʱʵϲ٣ȷʵеˡ 
ҪѵҰҺһȲ裬˵ɭ顣 
˫ħӰ֮ص֣øĬһΣһΣ˫ħӰ 
֪ѽҲ֪Ǹ˭ 
صͷ 
ҵʵأҩ֮Ҳоʹ̾Ȼ֪Լܻ̫ãȴ벻 
˵ɵҵ˭ΪʲôҪ㣿 
˵صʱһֱˣ˶ޱˡԥһ£飬ֻ˵һ 
¶ɨ˵顣תȥˡݿԥһҲȥˡ˺ͰޱһȥŵĻֻʣҺˡ 
ҸܣΪҲǸˡǲὫġ˵Ҷ¡ 
˵ɣһᱣܡҵЦЦܵνЩ飬˵ȥֻҲŵġ 
裬һֱߣʼ˵ܡ 
ڹ⽣֮Уһϵܡ֪ܡһнµ츳һ˵ǽʹõΪ˳Ϊʿڽʿ֮УЩһиԣ䷢ӵµˣꡣЩ飬֪ġ 
ҵͷȴ˵ʲôغ˿ڲ衣ŵȻκﶼԵһ棬ڽҲˡͽ겻ͬмĽʿʧ˶׷У˶ר׷Ѱһܵļ¡Щ˶ܼµ׷˵ԣڷһȫĳڽڽ֮СЩʧڽϵĽʿ顣 
Ĵǹ⽣İءΪ֪ΪΣֻӵй⽣Ѫ˲ܳΪ顣ҵĳԱ뾭ѵĴһֳ裬ڲǴڵʵڽĳҲΪһ˵вŻһһʿڽΪ󣬹⽣Ὣܵķ֪ĵطܹ 
תеıӣһ˿һ˿ˮǰ 
ĵ¹ȣǹ⽣ĵط 
Ȼ뱻֪Ϊʲôɴ࡭ʵЦЦ㵹˽ҵ鶼ӵгĽһһľмܵСǶһЩϵĽܣЩܶڹ⽣˵Ҳ޼֮ǲ䣬ҲǲƸ 
Ψǿˣ԰ɡЦЦ𣬵鶼ֻһԶԹ⽣˵һй⽣Ľ飬һƵر˵Լڽϵĵá 
һѵǸˣǡ 
ЦЦԣȫԡ֪ģΪ꣬һﵽһľ磬ͻᱻΪʥڴﵽһ֮Ǿͳ֮Ϊħ 
Ϊ̽󽣵ļ¶ħ֮ˣΪħ 
ħֻ֣˫նŵ۾Ǻڰ֮еаǰɫĹ⽣ҵɫʱһúѿ 
Цˣʦ˹ǵ֮ΨһĽʥģΨһĽħ˹ҵ塣 
 



20

       ָתűӣڹŵ˹֣˹ǵ˼ǡ˹Ϊ˼ĵʦ䡮˹Ϊߵĵ ʵ˹ִʲôأ 
ڰеĵ 
ǵ̸Ϊֹû˵Ϊʲô˵ҲͲʡ 
Ҫʱ򣬱ʦЭ˵ˡһغɫͣڿյϡӳһλˡ 
һ￴ҲͣҲԴһ㣬35ꡣͷߣʦϲְӡԲԲıͷСӣһ۾һѧͷһҾ֪Ǹӡ 
˭أһʡӪˣĳ򡣳̯̯֣ô֪ 
˭֪һԴʳһʿ߹ȥͨʵ˭ 
ءءҲأһصˣҡ˵ŴӻͳһֽƬȻֽƬҳһǱʦԱŵ٣һصˡ 
ʱزŴӭ߹ȥǡء 
һ̰ѿͰʿһԣֺ֣ãǱʦԱĹ 
ԼʵŵٺصͷţǶѧҩѧרҡַһֽƬҵʸ֤㿴ʦӡ²Ǽٵġҡҵڳϡ 
æ˶ʮӣڰλӰٺˡȻһĿɿڴҪ 
ҪаĶضԣҪصҪȥаûĵطһ 
Ҫɵسа̾ĹأǻҪʲô 
ŵ˵Ҳеûжصı걾޷оԿصĽҩ 
ǾһȦ 
ûнҩ޷ӽа 
ӽаҩ 
ûбİ취𣿡ŶͷʣһҪжĶأ 
ԡŵ˵ҪжҲܷĳɷ֣ʵĿͽⶾ 
ʱһֱĬİޱȥɡ 
̷ԵԲУΨһħʦһ⣬ӡаĹ޷ˡ 
ޱǣֻҲð׻ſ磬ʱаĶء 
ҡͷð׻ȥأԼȫûսˡôԸаЩʬ壿 
ޱʧȥҵĿƺ󣬰׻ǵһʱ䡣ʱ㹻Ѷ͵ȫĵطˡӦͿԡ 
˵㻹ҪȥջһӣظһΣţҪ㣡 
ûбķȡöˡޱ˵ؽ죬˵ 
ݿɺȻʵô׻ſĽж󣿡 
ޱýڵϻ˸߳ߴԲȦҵΪֻð׻չôĽˡ 
ݿЦˣˣҺһȥ㸺ſ磬㡣 
صһڵУ 
Ҳ̵У㲻С 
ݿɺһΪʲô 
ҵаʬ嶼Ǳ綾ģǿսģ̫Σˡȥ 
ҲȥĴͼڡ 
ظҪ˵ס㲻ȥĸˣ㲻⡣ 
ҲҲȥǰͼ峤һеʲô飬顢桢Ͱͼķף밲ȫ 
صغһ¸ͷ 
Ҳ˵еӣ㻹ǺӪɡսոսʲôͲðˡ 
Ȼ漰˰ͼĺƽҲ˵ʲôˡݿһţУһҪһȥֻ˻ΣգޱҪſȡأһ˿Ӧ 
ɵȥɡ 
Ҳǿսɰݿ˵ҿԻϱȥͲ»жˡ 
üͷʱȻǸҲ 
СӲУ̫Σˣҡءӡɡݿɺŵͬʱ˵Ӻһ˵ˡļ򣬵⣬ǺΣյжҪйʵս˲ܴȥĻܰﲻæҲ鷳ء 
صͷվԱߡ 
ʱһصһˣǡ 
붼ҡͷǲСȥ 
۵Ľǣ 
ҡݿɺͰޱ˸ȥɼأɺͲ˴һӰʿĹΧİȫصӦ 
ΪʱѾ磬аҹἫΪΣգǾڶ賿ﰵĹʱպ硣



21

       ʵҹµİ˵޷ֱֻкڰ ޾ĺڰ 
аŰԵʣĹѾա˵⣬ʾ֤ļ󣬿Ĺصİʿ׼ǽ롣 
˵Ĺأʵ¶нϴһشʯϣ·˶ʳľ޿ڡ 
ȥʮӵ·̣Ĺصĺĵشа̾ڡȻĹжΣյĻʬޱ˵ 
ݿ˫ȭһ죺ſɡɣǾǺˡ 
ޱȡ䣬ʽ񡣰׻Ǹʳ˼̻ӣȻɫȴǰγʱ԰׺ܶࡣ 
ˡޱ˵һɫĽƤףźܿƤųѥǴصĴ鱻бڼϡ⴮鿴ÿһ鶼вӵȭͷô󣬿ʲôʵģȻᡣ 
׻ſ˫֣һ޵ǳɫâּɢâķΧΪһԼɵĹ 
ڽ棬ǿԲܶصʴһ뿪˽磬סض͸ƤڣһҪСġޱ˵ 
Һݿɵͷ̤֮ڡ 
˸һ֧ѣ̤˰Ĺء 
ðĺɭиԼĺͽŲȫûҲĶһл 
һƬš 
΢Ļ£ܿۼµƽ̹ôƽʯ̳ɵΧǽżȥߣ󲿷ǿյģеһɿݵĻһžɵĵӡ 
׻ĽȻСĸ˼滹Ǻ١ǰ棬мǰޱͰ׻УݿɶϺ 
ںڰнʮ֮ҿ˵һӦòĶһѶѵľ޴ʮּܡʮּе侫ĻƣȻȫǸɺԵĺɫѪ 
ޱͣһ£ش˵֮еһġʬɱ 
ݿ˿ʬ塭 
ûʬ塣ޱƽ˵˺ˡ 
ڿʼҪʮֵСˡȻҲᱻ 
ޱĻһˡ 
ɬϣζĸ֨ӺڰдְѻѾٵ΢һ㣬ְν 
׼ǵһοʬʱһǾȫ 
ȫһ 
ȴӺڰиֳһŻɫסݣɱֻһɰͰ͵ıƤѡû촽Ϊ촽иɿήˣȻҷϵۡ 
촽ǱԼԵˡ 
ȥָ廹ڣȻѾûֻ꣬ƾ踯֧ŶĴߵĻʬ޷ļ尾ǻ˺Լġһл˱Ѫ͹裬ʼࡣ 
Ȼ㡣 
ʬݣֻĺɫɫĿ׶СİɫĹƮ 
ʣ޾ļʡ۳¶٣ԼѪ͸ٴҲһĿµļʡ 
ȻǵڶĸľɿݴżĿӺڰи֡Ǵǰһ·ŹʴһһشӲĽ߳ 
ƭˡޱǣЩʬġ 
ƺΪ֤ʵĻȳֵǾ߻ʬȻХһֱ˹ 
Ҫ뿪ķΧޱ󺰡ҺὣһɨʬеӦֶϣŽ潫زһնΡӽϴĴжϣʬᡣ˲еҡ 
ȻеĻʬǻһӵϡ 
ޱһӣһѷ䡣һʬžһųĿĵ⡣ڽʲôŲȻ屻սʱĽζֹֻһСֻʬĻʬ㿪˷Ĺȫ޽һƬĻѹӲ濿Сֻʬ߱ޱķУ߱ݿɵı 
ȻҺܿͷЩʵںɱֻʣһֱֱۣҲץסĽšֻʣһͷҲſҧЩʬȫûʹ࣬ûп־壬ֻжѪĿ 
ôô࣡ҽӽ赲ŻʬĿޱϴʱûЩаֻµʬ壡 
ǰŲǧҪ뿪ķΧҽеȻŽϵѹһǰƶŲ 
ǵͷǵֽšҪɱǺѣֻҪʧȥսͿԣݿɽţȻһУһʬԴӲšѵľ׵һɻҰ׵ķĩǻʬɺ˵ļ衣 
ȡһӵʱ䡭ޱе 
ץҷһʬ𿪣Ȼһʬͷ­ݴӻزϵİ°ϵΪʧȥͷ­ŻΡ 
Ϊ޷뿪ķ룬Խ޷ʩչҲƾȵӽҴúࡣЩʬûʲôսҧһǿӦĹ 
 



22

       ޱ󣬺ٵŸӵģһö䱻ǰƮƮķڿУ΢⡣ Ȼ¡ 
߶˲ܼĵ𻨣ڷ΢ҫķΧڣκλʬֻҪһͻһ硣Щɱƺ󣬲Խʬݻ٣Խǻ 
Ѿ㹻ˡѹᣬһӽɨǰļʬǰߣСĽ£ 
Ļʬڶݵ״̬֮Уڱĵϲϵس鴤һʱվģҲһ硣 
Ҫ죬׷ֲ˺ܾõģޱ˵ǾѸٵشϵĻʬǰխʬҲٴӺڰм֡ 
ҽŲҴҵںڰǰ˼ӣŸе亹Ѿʪ͸ѡ 
Щһôʵ 
ûСݿɰѻѾٸһ㣬Ȼش𡣽ؽһʲô 
ע⵽Ķ͹һֵĶǶܴ󣬼һ˸ߣһŵԲ׶ɫ׶ܹ⻬ڻҫ׶ֻ¶һˣ󲿷ֶڶںʯͷ 
ޱ˵аһ֣צӣҲǼǡǰ滹СⶫϾжһ¶Σա 
ɼ𣿡ʡ 
УⶫӲĶ޷ɼҪǰһ㡣ޱ˵ 
ܽӽĹصˣаͷ⸽ΧڣǱаʬ嶼ҽӽޱ 
ôأݿе㲻ŵӡޱڽĶŨѾǳˣ㿴 
ӻȡһŰֽκ׳֮⡣ֽ뿪׻ĹշΧ󣬻Ʈ䡣 
䵽֮ǰֽѸٵطƣɽɫһ棬һ㱡ĺɫĩ 
ĶŨɱһлʹǻʬ壬ڿĻҲᱻظʴǻʬΪʲôû׷ԭ򡣡ޱ˵ 
ԣΣ̤벽 
ǰת˸䣬Ȼøխ 
аж󣿡ݿʡ 
ܴ󡣷ǳ󡣡ޱ˵ 
ӦòҼĸ󡣡 
ǰ΢һ㡣ͷϵĶĶһЩа岿¶ЩȷرǹǼܵĳ֣ǸĲֶԵŤа졣 
־һҵת֮Ǽа˹Ƥ̡ 
׼ȷ˵Դ 
ܴȻСһЩʵڼ޺ͰͿ֮ҶԾ޴Ѿ൱ĵֿûݿһĿɿڴ 
˹Ƥ̵ͷһֻʣһ޴á򦵽ͷɸ£ǵļƬɱƬڹ⻬Ĺͷϡͷһظڶ֮УĲʯ֮Сͷݺύķ䡣 
ϴʱûɵķӡޱ˵ЩһΧаĻȻֻҪĹеʬ壬֮Ϳ׵ѡ 
а­ǾǰȫûϢȻǲ԰׵ĹͷɢԹޣȴͬʵһΧҸеԼڼ٣սƺҲе㽩Ӳ 
㿴ޱָǰҰѻ΢ǰ̽ȥаյľ޿Уһ½֮䣬дɴɰɫŨҺ岻ϵĵ䡣ЩҺڵϺ󣬺ˮɳһ׵ʯ֮С 
Ǿط綾Դͷޱȡһ֧ƵĹӣӵĵ䡣 
һ㡣ȥȡذɡޱ˵ 
ɡ 
ޱܾң㲻õġ 
СĵؿаǾ޴źڽڸܲʴȻԽǽӽ߾޴ʬ壬ǿҵԹ֮оԽԡ֮еĺ⣬κν綼޷ġ 
ޱƹϵĸӴ򿪣ѹܿڴյаڱߡ·ǵ䷢⡣ܿҲ֮΢⡣·Ȼһ㣬һճСȻ󿿽ܿڵķҲ֮ܿڵĽӡžһк£ޱȡһдõķסܿڣתǵˣ뿪ɡ 
 



23

       ת˲䣬һǿҶĺӱϮ ģʹޡ 
а֪ˡ 
Ҫͷߣҵ˵ 
һת䣬ȻԸеǿޡаһֱûж 
׻Ľ绹ֲ֧ʮˣҪץޱС˵ 
ںڰĹѨð׻ƶʱܴﵽٶǰСаȻݷȻǿµȴͬһǺ档ܿ죬Ǿͻص˻ʬûĵش 
ǰĺڰУǻʬǱĥʱź 
һȥָ߾ٻѣս 
ʬǲƵӰڻӳյķΧ֮СʱһɱʬǴ󲿷ֶѾ֧飬ȻǱгƬЩ֪ƣɻñסǡ 
ңǰ塣Ҵ˵ޱƬ䣬һʬȺбʬͬʱ˷˹еֻʣһֻֻ֣Ҳƴ˺еֻаͷ­ȻҲҧԽԽĻʬӺڰ֮ӿ·޾ܿ죬ǰޱҸݿɵĺ 
Ļʬһ֮£޷뿪ĲӦޱųȫķ䣬ڷıУһƬһƬĻʬͬӵһҵĽ֮¡ȻĻʬִ޾ĺڰǡЩʬȻܵаĺ⣬ղǽʱøӵ͡ 
ȻݿɼһˡеĻ˵ϣܿ챻Ļʬ̤ 
ҷһǰľ߻ʬһնϣѻͷչȥԭһֻʣԴӵĻʬݿɴ߾ʱȻץסݿɵСȡƽʧݿЩˤڵϵʬСˤ϶ᱻ˺ġ 
Ƕ˻ѡ 
ţҽеȻһǻʬֱն䡣תӽŻʬͷ­顣 
ûץƤޱʵݿҡҡͷûС 
£ܿ͵ˣҴ˵ס 
ѹԽԽ󣬶ǰѹ𽥼С˵ǾҪ뿪ʬȺˡڣмʮʬҽ֮ǰµĻʬ֡ 
ߣҺ 
вʵȺʬǱƵţ֫廹õĻʬȻ׷Ǳ󡣵ǶݿȭŴ򷢵ˡΧĹ߽ţǿ˶ڵ΢⡣ 
ʧǵسĹضڵ˲䣬׻Ľ硰顱һըˡ׻Ҳ֮һֽΡޱɫҲ׵ķȻΪֽ֧磬׻Ѿ˼ޣޱΪʹʽ֮ˣҲֵ˰׻Ĳѹ 
Ӻͱӭֻʹղס 
ҵķ 
ǰȫػˡ 
Ǻô̼ݿŤͷԼղűʬץסСȣãǸʬǿݿɵƤʿŶûץƣȻҲû˵Ƥ⡣ 
֡ 
Ȼ󣬽µĴһ 
ģȫڱܵһһҵһ֮İɫǴҸղվŵĵطɢŨŨϢļǴֱ̳ӽߣʮöЩǴΧһԲ͵դͲǸ 
аǲŹ 
һ̶ĺХĹѨڱǴΧĿռ伫СʲôĹѨгǾԶ㲻ġҽ߾ȫһڹǴϣǴ̱øֻ̣һһۡһӶڶʱݿɺȻ 
һץסҵֱۣһץסޱһס 
ȻҾ;һᣬ˶˰ա 
еʱ伫̣Ƕ˵ȴޱȵ 
Ϊұ֮ǰҪӽϴһɺתڿתһպÿ淢顣 
ݿɽͬʱĹѨĶһɫӰӡ 
аĹצŲҰ׹ĹͷմͻʬƬֻޱȵİ׹צÿһһ˵ô֡̿գһӺ洩͸ݿɵҼ磬һ̴ĸ 
צؽŤݿɵ壬ȻץѪӺмˮһӹצķ϶ӿ 
ݿɵңҿ۾һµɴ͹Ѫˮıǿ۽ǺͶӿ΢΢ſ죬ҪУȴֻ³һ 
Ȼצʬ壬ѸٵĹѨֻµϴĿĵѪ 
ҺͰޱıݿ׹˹Ǵ̵ϣֱ𱻱ɺͲӽסҴӲӵĸ첲ֻȫѪӿͷȫ˼ƣ˷һӽնڶڵĹǴ̡ 
ǣѾȲˡ 
ְסҵļ硣 
 



24

       ص˰֮󣬱ɱݿɵϢ֮Ĭ˺ܾã̾˿ҡҡ֣֪ˡ ֻ˵һ䡣 
ܸ͵ŵŵٵ˵ҪôӵﶾأҪʱ䣬Ϊ˰ȫԶפصĿճϴһµΪоҡȻͰԼ˽ȥϽκ˿ 
ϣҹ֮غȻҵҡ 
һԲƽ˵ûʱ䣿 
ʲô飿 
ҳȥߡ 
ûоܾ˵һ֮Ҹһ뿪Ӫأ߽ڰɭ֮СĬ˴һСʱңغȻͣס˽Ų 
Һϲݿɡ 
ҵǸ 
ûҪǸһֻ³ŵⲻĴڳҲһġ 
ݿǸŮҲҵѪͳѾ֮󣬸 
ǡҴ㿴Ǻĵӡ 
ںڰЦˣǰҿȷĵӡķǳġ 
ʹ˵⻰ʱصҲƽģƽΧŨغڰ 
ӺССʱʼҾͱѵ¶Լĸ顣ΪҵһԱ֪Լ뷨ǺΣյ飬ԡ 
صȥԣҵʵֻһߣһҪһߡ 
˵ҺܱˣҲѾҪεı 
˵ҵÿһӶϷֱʧԼ 
û˵ʲôһ˵ʲôҪοҵĳĬҵõİο 
ҲҪұѡ񡣡 
صĻ䣬ڰһɳƶƣ 
ˣ 
ҡǺһͬʱеĹ⽣Ҳӳ£ҿصɫҰף˫ĿһЩס 
ѹҪֲָĺڰɭ˵ 
Ǵʱ˫ȴǰδĿ⡣˵ʱҵҲһ 
ɳƶƣֻһΡ 
һξͲǡ 
ڰе𣬿ݵӰȺڰӺڰĹ⽣ 
ǺĽȵĽ 
ڰеĵħ˹ 
Ǵʱȴоκν 
ڰһȻǻʯͻʱžžһССĻںڰ𣬻ԾʳſҶ֦Ĺâɢɭеĺڰ 
ϴһҴŶʮҵľ롣 
׷ۣ˹ݵӰ󡣲ҿɲҵģ֪ܹһ˲ͳκνǶȵκλá 
ĽޱȣҺֵܵ 
Ȼûн˹֦һۣ֡ 
ȱٶϲͰν˹˵˵ĺܵͣǺ 
ҳš˹Žһľ񣬵ҪɱǣǵѪˡ 
ҲɱǡΪڸûʸҵĽ¡ 
⻰ȴҷġ 
˵öԣҪɱǣǾνкáɱǣΪǸĽȾѪ 
𽣣й⽣ĽҲʧ˹ֶ֦У䣬 
Ҹضһһ߹ȥ 
ѱߵȷůͺܶࡣ˹ͷҲ̧°ɡ 
ôˡ˵˹£Ҳѧá 
ϣڿ˹ 
ǸӢˡ˹Ȼ壬ʱҲӦһӡ 
űӢѾý˿һ֮Ͳٿ 
ıͦ촽ܱȻϲϸС̺ۡһϴֵ˰̺һ˰̴üëϷһֱǣȥʱ˵ļأ۾ȴ漣رá 
ϴİ̺֮⣬ʮϸİ̺۵ݺܲȫҲһһü 
ֻ۾ 
۾·ҹµĴ󺣣γס 
˫۾һſªޱȵȻñһִа 
˹ЦЦҵǲǺܳ󣿡



25

       صǰķ緶ѳԽò󡭡 ˹Цһ˹߾ֻѧǻôǳѵһο 
εڨЦһ˹ص˵ʹˣͻࡣƽʱûʲô˿죬ѵ˻ͷ˵˵ɡ 
ûڣعصͷǡ 
˹ԾĻ棬Ȼһ֮Ըܺ˹һΡ 
ضûд𻰡 
˹ĵӣ˵ʦĽΣ 
ԥһ£֪ 
Ҹʦѧʮ꣬Ǵûʦͱ˶֡ʦĽض¶ɲ⣬ԡ 
ȻȻЦЦλǺʦֹһΡ 
˹̧ͷҡ 
ӭĿ⣬ǲһӾ͵ͷܿ˹ĿпһֻһƬ޾Ŀ顣Ҹ޷ֿӣ·࿴һԼҲᱻȥ 
˹аӣȻʵаҺ˹˭ĽһЩ 
˹ʱҹأȻҵĹƴƣʩչ 
˹ʱءҵķգȫزס 
н˵Ľȶԣã޷С 
˹ЦЦΪȷʵСҲգ˵ֻҪһţлһ£ʱ֪ˡ 
˼ľͷȻأ㸸ǰң 
صͷ 
ɺã 
Ҹǰʱ˵СѾˡ 
˹ЦЦţҲûܵõ˹Ű 
ز˵ˡ˹Ҹ˵˵ǰɡ 
صͷһ˹һľᲦŻȼյľͷʼ顣 
ʱ򣬺࣬ǸˡΪһԱͻԴСҾͱ̵Ҫ·γԷθ˵Լ뷨Ǻǣȫһֻ㣬л˶ġͬǣʱѾӣʮʱͺͰ˴󹫵Ů˻飬ʱֻԼܻ쵽һأȻƽƽعһ¡ 
ʱҲǲҪ߳αĻԣǰĵЦҲһΪˣ޴ӷ 
ǰôܷأ 
ص촽һ£û˵˹ЦҡҡͷҶʮһһ꣬Ҫ콣ʽˡ 
ҽ͵⽣ӣ˶ʮһʱ򣬶ҪĽѡȡһԼĹ⽣Ժѹ⽣Яһǹ⽣ 
˹ص˵꣬ŵǰһ죬Զһ졣һ죬ұΪıˣıˡ 
˹ĽϽ˽ġùĹ⽣һѹ⽣Һ󣬳ܻȥȴһˡҵʱȫûгΪһʿ뷨һԼĹ⽣˵ֻһҪ߹ʽˡڽȥ֮ǰһ룬һѡһһ㣬˳һġȻϣһӶõ 
̾˿в֪ʱѾ˫ħӰĽұǰ죬ɫŤڻȻ֡ 
ڵĽŻĹ˹ؿеĽ߽֮һ۾ͿʱһصϣԶĹ⽣ĵһۣҾ֪еĽҵģҲġ 
Ҳ֪ҵ˴Ӵ˾͸ıˡ 
ϣвϧһдҲҪõնѪǱŵģഫȴֻڱѡ֮ϱɵںڰ 
˫ħӰħ 
ҵ 
Ȼ֮ȫ˫ħӰǺɫȥֻһȵĻҽ 
˹ںڰأ˵ 
޵е 
 



26

       ˿ʱ飬Ҳš ˹ںڰгĬţ˺ܾãֿ˵ʱ˺ܶ飬ʲôû롣ϵһжˣֻңѽǰһһһһ߹ȥ 
ʱ콣ʽĳϺڳ˶ҵиߵǰҪסҡҵһ壬ڻ磬ȨգʵĹϵҲСƽʱǺģǵʱȴְƿ벻һƿûзЩˤ 
иڸ˵˵ҲǰѽеκһѽҶѡΨǰѽǲġһħ佣һܵĽõ˱ؽҡ 
ȫ⡣ֻ֪ҵĽʲô֮ĻǼٵġģҲ䣬ףֻҪܹõʲôأ 
ʱƿλڱؽҵ֡ȫû϶ֻлҵĳԱܽ룬ûдԼҲýĸ֡γԼĹ⽣վסҸĻֻһһеѽ 
ڣΪֹҶˡһ̴ҵȡֻͣǾ˲䣬ҵѾ˫ħӰĽ 
һж޷ˡ 
ڰУ˹ĺü٣Խĵͳ 
϶ûҪɱңҲûɱҵѾסѽҵʱĹ޷ԦǿȻʹȴҵɫĽСһ֣ȫûо˼һ 
һİͷ­ 
΢΢ſɴ۾ҡ۾棬һϸϸĺߡı֣䳤ѪӿȻİԴͻڵϡزϵ°ͷ­ĶϿѪԽӿվһȻһҵĽ¡ 
˾У˴󺰡ü˰γ⽣ҳʱܲˡܿͱˡ 
ǰͽܶ˶˵Ҫɱҡʿңĵɫ˺ܾãʲ˵עģҵĴҲܵͷ 
ұ˻Ӻͼ̳˵ݣĽڻʹʹļڵ£伫С˯ʱҪб²ֱӡûдӣǺ壬ǽҲģҵֽҲ˳صұֵطÿֻһʳˮҸͲںЩֻҵĽ 
֪˶ãһ죬ұȥϴ裬ϸɾ·ּ˸ʡңǲǻǰѽҵͷ˵Ҫɱңٿǰѽ̾˿˰ѽøңȻ˵ջĹأҼȻѡ·ͱйһС 
ҲŲںͷɡʲô˵ġұŵ˰Уҵһжˣֻ˫ħӰһʱ䣬ֽһӸҡҴһȫǹ⽣ֵĽĵá 
ףѾһ顣ңֻҳ⽣İءʲôϵԼҲҵء 
֮󣬼ÿһҵĽڽ֮Сֹһʱ䣬ʼ½й⽣ĺңս֪ǸҽĽչԼҲȷʵ֪ԼĽʲô̶ȡ 
ÿսҵ˶һܡһʼӮú֮࣬ԽԽɡܸеҾҪҵһֱ׷ѰĶˣȴһֱôһ֮󲻹ʲôĽʿҶܼܺ򵥵İܡҵĽǿʼչɬֱʮǰҵĽͣͲǰŬ޴ 
ףһƿһԼҲ޷Ƶƿʱ˵˹ 
ȻţĹͨûжϾףҪͻƿһҪ˹һΡֻҲܻһֱΪ˸һеȻ˹񵭣˶ֵʱ˵ұڴˣֻҪҲ뿪ȥ 
ɻʵǰĽʲôֹܹǰأ 
˹ЦһԼӦܵĳͷ뿪͵ͬڷԼԭ⽫Ϊ֮еħһ޷ٴļ⡣ 
 



27

       ˹˵һԿסֻͨҲһհء˹ĵӣҪҵҵԿס صҡ 
ֽ֮и֡˹֪ʱĽ 
ҹʱȻ˸ӦҵĽǰұΪֻ˹ĵӲĸоȴˡ 
û˵ɫȴЩȻ˹˵ĻҲΪҵĳɾͻᳬءȻ˵ʲôǹ⽣һʵЩʡ˹תңʵʦӺˣ 
ա 
˹˼Ƭ̣ս̲ĵԶԶҼʿܳҡ 
ҲޣҲûоøˣЩȻ˹ʦʵ˷ݣҵĵӡ 
ҡҡͷǰ񰮣죬ǡ 
˹ҡҡ֣뷨ҡ 
ȻȻʲôˣ 
һԴӼ˹ʼһֱûзɹ裬ȴ˿ûв˽ӽҿأصüͷ˫ȭգûж 
˹Цһô 
ȻȻʧͬʱһ̶ļХ˫ħӰĽʱ졣Ծת۵˹ͬһֻҹɣһ˺ϱֵľϡӰ˫ħӰĽ⡣ 
ɫĽ⡣ 
ɫĽ裬֦Ҷ÷顣ɢ֦ҶУһӰݶշתƮƮڵϡҲһѽ 
һѹ⽣ 
һأ˹ѾȻҲǸ֣ŤһնԷ 
ķӦ˵ȷĽҲ˵ 
ֻϧҴ˶֡ 
ѹ⽣ײеĹ⽣ʱȥƺ⽣ѱ˫ħӰȡ˹򵥵صؾһš 
һſ棬Ƕ㲻 
ֻһţͱ߷ڵء˹кɫĹâһұ۾ͷ˳ȥ 
ұ۷ɳֻԼĹ⽣ֱأ˸£Ϩ 
ʱѾϳ˾һֱص֮һȻûǵһҿú졣 
شʱվǰ顣 
˹һЦû飬ʱѾɼʮˡ 
Ҳɵðľ˹ˣղǰʱȫһȺ͵ˡȻһ֮ħⲪ֮ 
˵ڵϣȫڲĶϱ۴ûܶѪƺ󲿷Ѫܶ˹һˡȻ˹ֱֹ֪ʱĸо 
س߹ȥˣǺοࡣ 
ֻǷһ仰˵˹һ˫ħӰʧЦ£ 
ҡͷǣͬ顣 
˹Ȼͬ飬ΪҪ㣿 
̾˵˹һȻˣ㻹ûбȫΣ˲ǹ⽣ĶĿɱһ˰ˡ 
صǰɱΪѡ 
⽣ڲȨ۸ӣȻΪӣ⣬˵ΣҲ֮СܿóΣȻȴ֪ΪθԸּӡ 
˵վΪ޷Կأ 
˹ͷȻˣա 
ȻͷҲصɭֱɫıӰȫʧںڰ֮У˲ŲѿصĲԼ߹ȥʰԼĶϱۣȻص飬һʵϱ 
ؿһۣ㡣 
ǻصӪ֮Ѿǵڶ峿һֱû˵ҺȻһͬ顣 
ƴȨգ磬ʵϣγһֻ 
Թ緹ٽʱ֣Ȼҵң˵иҪҡЩƣʵ벻ʱطʲôҡ 
ҵǸֵָļһһɵĴӣϻһɫ۾ 
ҴûˡҺϤӣһҾȵסҵҡ 
ʡǡɻʵȴֻЦĩˣɲԺҵ̸̸ 
쵽һСԼ˳ȥʵ㾿ʲôˣ 
ӺٺٵЦţѵ޻Ͳף¶ŽƤ޳ģֳٺӣժȥ۾һ˫õ۾Ƥɫҡ 
þ־ǿסûȥס֪᲻ֱӲҵĹͷʱطûʲôһҸеĵˡ 
˿ллأˡ 
 



28

       ˿΢Цţת˼Ȧȷûڸ֮ѹңӣƺ˲С鷳ء ҵͷ򵥵ذа˵ˡ˿֮ü˺ܾãſڵ鱾ûʲôϵǼȻҲˣܲԹۡȥҵø 
ֱȥ 
ﲻǵ˹ܰôҲһֱǸӣҲˡ󷽷ɡ˿˵ҵͷƿȥ￴һţҽʵ 
ղ˭ 
˲ڣһѹ˿ 
˭ȻûзӦ˵һ飺˿ 
ؿҰû˵ЦˣҪģȥȥ 
ذǷȥ 
غ˿˼ʱﰵбȽϣ˻еü֮롣 
Ȼǽܣ޷⵽ҸǲҡϾǵһֱġ 
ؿһۣѯңûа˿˵Ҳܷġ 
˵Ļһ䶼˵ 
˿Ȼûע⵽Һ֮ġüĿ顱ֱӵظأ 
Ըæ㶨а˹Ƥ̡Ϊ˰㣬ֻΪ˰ﰢ 
Ϊ񣬵Σм 
ôȣҪŪ˿ģѧҲרҡ 
صͷû⡣ 
Ҷ˿ġһֺɵġ˵ϻһҷĵذһСи˺ֻ˿ 
ҶĳԼţҶʦΡ 
Ҷ¬Ρ 
ŵоСԼҪ񸽽ûˡƿȥʱԵ൱ȡ 
Σգ˭ǸǸΣգ 
мһӣѩ׵ϰڷŸҿļоߺͼӣиִС״ƿԹܡ©ͽвֵĲƷһŨҵĹŹ¸ࡣҺؽ֮󶼲̫Ҵֻ˿󷽷ߵǰһ֧ԹܡװǴӰĹȡճɫҺԹᵴ˿֪Сƿӣһﵹһɫҩ躬ڿУٴһ浹͸״Ĩڱ棬ȻֱӰԹܿڴյš 
Ƕо綾㡭 
û¡˿ЦЦţһǴһ顣 
ʳָպһȻͷһ¡΢˫ۣƷƼƷͣͷһڿˮµϡҸضһ 
ûµġ˿ЦЦԹܷŻϡ 
㡭˭ŵҲһ亹˿֣˿ҽ˿ 
ŵٸ֣֣ǺǣиŮͬء 
˿΢΢һЦͬǾҡ 
ŵٵһӱѩףסˡҲǣ֪ʶ˵ˮƺԼңԶĴڡһµĴ˵еͳԼǰַӦҲȻġ˿΢Цļ򣺡ĺˣͬء 
ŵ˿ڿˮͰ͵صǸšСô 
˿Цƨ˭ҥ 
ȻЦݣС 
ŵŵ١ 
ŵķأ˿ʡ 
һ˵Լıְŵݹţҵĳһ߶ĶأҪɷӦǡ 
Ȼһȫרҵֻ˿ȫעŵٵ֮أĳɷֺܸӣһЩɷڷ֮СⶾͿӦòҪȫɷ־Ƴ 
˿ͷĴ·ûһЩɷ޷ģȷ˵ 
˿Ҳһͷ͵ʣŵٵ۷Ź⣬˿˵꣬ͼһץס˿˫֣֮⣬ȫȻǰλŮŷɫˮ 
ѽѽѽͷڶѧʵ̫ˣĸģ㡭 
ȻǰվŵŮʲôɫϰֳ˿Ϊ⣬ɣͷоҩҲóⶾͿͽ㶨ŷµĳɷ֡˷ֹĻȻЩ 
ãŵ˷ܵͨ졣 
 



29

       ˿ļؿ˲١ʱദҲı˶صĿ ҲǸźܶεˡûʲôϵȻ˿ĵܵܣһӦð 
˹նһ۵ƺʧ˿֮Уʧûκ˵ע⡣û˹ȥ˶صļƺҲˡ 
Ҹغú̸̸ȻȴǾܾҵ顣 
֪ԽԽáҲǣ 
ÿ˵ȻԹԵȥæ顣ĺ⣬ϣҾ⽣ڲĺڰ 
ǣ֪˿ĵܵʱҾѾˡ 
ⶾоҪĸ˿ڼҹݵظŵһоĶءΪһħĶسͨﶾ֮⣬صħɷ֡ħŵٺ˿˽ĶࡣҺλǺܴˣûӲţǼ⡣ڵ磬˿һƣҵǡ 
㶨ˡһźǷһ˵ظмصͷȻʵǽҩǿ 
С˿ͣҵȥ˯һû˯ˡ˭Ҳң˭ҾŤ˭Ĳӡ 
ҺһЦһȥŵ١ŵٿҲ۵òᣬܴ˵ֻҪһ漰רҵ֪ʶͻúо 
˵Ķ߶ʵû̫ķֱֻǸΪһЩؼеħɷֶؾмǿɢԺ͸ԡּǿɢԺ͸Բ˿¡ 
ħʣ˿ŵҲ޲ߡܵĶԣôⶫɢ͸ǿҲûйϵ 
󱻽ǵһֺɫҩ裬ָ׸ǴС 
ڷÿʮһֻҪ㲻ͣĳԣϴ趼ûϵŵ˵˸Ҳ˯ȥˡңˡ 
һ磬һǰĹءһǶаľսҲǰҳԾǣ˾Ȼûи·˸أֻһЦ 
˶ġ 
Һضͬ˿һص뷨ҺԼĽ뵽Σյϣ˿ܹԶⱾ޹صΣաȻ˿ȴȫҺصȰ裬һ൱˷ܵӡ 
ֲûʲôһ۾仰Һشǰƿ 
ҲҪҸúϴһֹݺ⣬ôΣյ顣 
ޱϴθӳĬһֱͷһԲظڶ档״̬ҺضܵģҲ޷롣 
ӡаʽҪҲʩʮӣҵļޣٿˡޱǡҲ˵ҪȺʬ֮бʮӡ㲻аҲԶ֡ 
ĹضǰаûĺۼȻڡϹǴ̴̳ʱѿںͶǽצĹκ˴Ŀġ뵽ݿɵĲһѹ 
צڼӲʯµİۣβޱͷվ󣬵 
Բ𡭡 
ûдջ֣ⲻĴ 
ƽ 
Ĵ󺣣ƽ羵ˮ°ӿܴƽеıŭ 
ǽ鷳ʱˡ 
Сǣ˿վڶڳǴ˵Ȼһ۰ޱйǣɣʹشһ 
ЦЦˡаöԸ 
ѶԸļһǲҲԸô˿Ц˵ȫȻԼͿú޻֮ 
ĹѨһƬ־ٻǰ棬ޱͱɸҺ˿Ϻ 
û˰׻Ľ磬ᵽĹѨг¸ϢһŵζϣϢϸֱ棬ŵһɬ 
ǸʬϵϢϢңﲻǻ˵أߵĹȡ 
֪˶ãͣס˽ŲҲվ¡ 
ŨŨĶӺڰд帯ʱеʬ 
ЩһǣˡҰγ󽣡 
 



30

       һſµİɫںڰи֣ĺɫۿƯƲĺɫ㡣ǻʬǼʵ ˡһصĹ⽣ںڰҲ˫ȭȭͷϷǳɫĹâ 
ðޱ˿Ҷ˵Ȼͳȥڰ顱һ죬ʱľ߻ʬó߷ɹصĹ⽣ûһ΢ĹĻʬ顣Ҳ֮ȥҵһοɶ֡ĿͷȻ󣬵ǶȭͷʬȺн硣 
ȭͷͷ顣൱˵ 
ûгȥðޱҵһޱʲôʧɱĻʬҲ޲ 
ǴҾûʬϴʱ˺ܶࡣһʱ򣬺ڰӿʬ·޾һΣ˾ͼסеĻʬֻ©ĳ嵽ҺͰޱߡЩǵĻʬȫв 
һǾʱ۵Ҫ 
˵Ϊǵļ룬սˣ 
ޱ 
Ҳע⵽ô 
ʲôҺὣһɨһצ˹ĻʬгΣȻһԴ 
Щʬ˺ܶࡣ 
ǰΪҵĴء˵ 
Ǵޱ˵ע⵽ֽһָؽΪס 
ܽţ˵ܿ־塣 
ôˣҲΪϴѾɵһЩɡ˵ 
ġޱ˵ȻȻ 
ȥҿȥ 
ôˡ 
ҵĻһϡͳɬĹѨ𶯣ǽ𶯣һ֮ӺڰӿŲȳϢ 
аڵǡޱ 
ʱ˿Ҳе鲻ԣһּ˴Ⱥʬͱһ˻ 
ô£ 
Ҫȳȥ̫Σˡޱ˵ƺΪ֤ĻһӺڰд 
һΣҪһЩ 
˿ΣյһЩһץ𰬶ޱԼļһȾܡ˽ں档 
ò˿֮ǿŸܵı졣а׷Ǳһֱ񱼳ڣ˿ŰѰޱ 
ˡޱɫ׵÷촽ڲסض£ˣˡ 
ʲô˿סļ򡣰ޱ̧ͷ˿˫õɫ۾аʱûٸЩʬ塭Ѵ󲿷ֵĻʬˡ 
ΪʲôأʣЩʬΪ˽Լľ𣿡 
ǵģҲһعڤײʶУֻάŲд΢ʶβһޱӿˮĹжֻʬ壬ҲǱʬɱġһΡ 
һΣаɱһˣȡ˱ɱߵʶ 
ݿɡҵ˵ 
յаʬĽϸӽܣһ˱ǻۡޱ˵аѾʬսˣ 
µĴͬڵˮһĹİʿ߹þʲô 
Ȼһҵ𶯣ǰĵ¡¡ѿ˿ŰޱֳҵɺҲˡ 
صѷԽԽڵѷɢŨҵϢ 
̫˿˵ 
аѾȫˡޱͰ͵˵£ҡѾ޷ӡˡ 
ĹѨڳӲʯ͵һ˺ѡֻ˶İɫצ϶ҽѷ˺øɫľ綾ѷʱĹİʿߵߡǺɫ˲ɲɫ 
ȻǾ͵¡һ£ǵѸٵؿήȥ˿ŵƵĽҩҲѾһ 
شˡɵҳô 
˵ȥأЦЦȻҡ 
Բ𣬰ǣ˽Űޱ˿߰ɡԸ 
ɫצغڰ֮УֻڼӲץۡΧĶŨء 
Ҫˡޱ˵ 
һһܼأ˿˫ȭһǰһ 
Уס㡭˿㲻߰ɣ 
òҡ˿һѴص֣ҲŲ 
Ҳߡ 
ҲߡѾӱˡ 
¸ҵһΣպսǾ˵Ҳ˶ѡԼ 
Ҳ˿ 
ɡŰޱӪȥεؿҺ˿ 
һᱻɵСġҲŲߡĹĵ˵ 
ǰޱԼȥˡ 
صֹͣˡ 
£һסаϣҲڵĻһϣûˡޱ˵ȻӻȡֽΣгʽ׻ 
ǺǡغȻЦˣðС˵Ƭΰ 
Ȼͷ 
ôǾԿɡ 
 



31

       ΧǽŵضĹѨĶڡ ʱһһˮӶͷϻ䣬٣ƽ 
ûж 
ô 
˿Ļδ䣬ȻһͳĶ졣һֳİ׹βѵضǺɨ 
׵Ǳɣһ˲˫ۻסؿڣȻͱβúɳȥ 
ҡҽȫ˫Ⱥϣ𳤽 
ǰޱҲܶ㿪Ӳһ 
ӲаβصײڽϣĽͷһɴԶԤŽ͸ҵ˫ֱۣСһ˲ҵǰһڣȻϻָ֪ 
ˣ 
˫ϴѹҹ飬ѡҺĻжһȻΪ˱ޱұ粽õаϡðޱߣȴҿڡֻҪһڣһˣϾͻᱻ 
ȻҸеһְֻҵĺϣҷֵ˴󲿷ֵѹ 
˿֡˿һֵסҵĺģһֻƿޱһһ߾ȫƹȥаĹͷ֨֨ڽѿ˿ҵΪһаǲ˼ľ޴࿹š 
ѾβǽӽһߵȣϵѹȻʧаβһѿ棬ص¡Ÿеؿڴʹһ 
ɣû°ɣشʵվ³һڴѪ˿Ŀˮû¡ 
ĹѨĶںȻ̮ɫĹ̳֫аһָǾҵĴô޴צز棬Ȼһֻצӡ 
ţа˹Ƥ̴̮Ķ̽ͷ 
£а񣬸ࡣа˶­ػζţѵʯ顣ȻһһؾԼԴӸµؿǡ 
ԭϴǿֻаͷǵǰ벿֡ڣϹŵаȫչǰѾȫǻͷ£ȳɣһ˶;ռͷķ֮СɭɭɢĵĲҰ׹˶ۿɫĹޱȵĺǡ 
пܽзӡ𣿡˿ʵޱҡҡͷڵ״̬ܷӡҪĲҲܽзӡʽ 
أһȻغвӿȻزǾֱֻˡ 
ҪսǾͺúõսɡ 
־Ϊ 
Һؼͬʱаȥġȡ࣬ȡҲ࣬Ŀ궼а۾ 
Σ۾ضĲ֡Ҳ⡣й⽣Ľʢڶɵ֮лһĻߡаŵȻһͷ̵Ĵ׳üǳֱұ乥ΪأὣӲһǴϣͬʱаͷ­һжһ˳ſ޿ҧءڰ޴͸аſľ޿ڿ˫۸߾٣սݺݵؿа򦡣ͬһ˲䣬˿ͱҲһһҵسɵȭͷаؽڽӷϣ˿һץסһ 
ͷѵĴУаɵһȭӲöһ¡Ȼ˿սһȻӲǽǿһ˸ߵľ޴ݰ 
֪Ѿȥǲеʹġ 
Լܵˣܸøоõ 
аһŭ̧צɨ˿˿˳־հӭȥצײƵ˿ϾҪѷһ˺󼸲ǿаС 
һצЮһɷһҲŤȵһӡצǰԶĵطӹצصóЩֶɡаĹצһĽۡ 
аͷſ޿ڡ 
ޱش 
ӿ 
Ѿ˿ҩǱָŨȵеĻҲɥɵĶ÷һһסޱ֮ǰ˲ɫĶڼӲʯͷ´Ƭڿѵĺۼ̽ץסа׵Ϻ͹Ĺǰ壬һаͷ⽣аĶֱȥܵĽ죬аŭһͷͷ˦ȻڸղشеĵطѾһ˿ڡ 
ʱ˿ѾŤסаһצɵض㿪צĴ̻ץסһָǣϥǵһ֡ĶһָǱӲŤϡаͷһںҧȥ˿ݵظ㿪һڣ˳ֽŤצϲа 
ֱҲΣա 
Σգ 
ҵĺаβһδӵ´˿ͷ˿նһаβڵҳһźһڣ˿ζ㲻ˣۻסǰҪӲһ£ɨ÷ɳʮԶڵϺ˼վȡ 
ԼվȺҺаµԼצӣһŲݵĴѾӭͷҧ˹ҲұߣаһҪ档 
ڣ 
صĺɳһץаָǣаͷצӳºݺһ̡ 
צа񣬰ͷڵϡȻս󽣣Ҳһ̽а۾ 
ع⽣Ľͬһ˲̽аۡ 
Ͷ˵аһŭĺ޴ͷǲһ£Ȼ󲻶ˡ 
ɵˣ 
е㲻šôɾ͸ɵаô 
ʱ䣬عȥһ֮ãаһ 
ˣСĵаͷ˿ЦЦһﱾġ 
Ȼֱ˵ӭаͷһš 
ûκηӦ 
ĸ㶨ˡ˵ȻʰޱҪзӡ𣿡 
ޱͰ׻߹׻һְֻаͷϣһֻ밬ޱաޱ۾Ȼ͵ 
ⲻа˹Ƥ̣ 
ʲôҴһ 
ʬĹ˹Ƥ̡ 
һ춯صľ죬ڵ¶ѨζȻִ̳޵аȻǿ˺Ϊ֮ɬ 
桭˿Ȼ󺰣棡 
룬ҳ齣ˡҽ뿪˲䣬Ǿ޴­̮һѻҰ׵Ĺǻҡһ޴צϷĿɼĺڰ̽£ڹǻУһҰ׵ĳ 
Ȼһֻצ 
ţа˹Ƥ̵Ӻڰл֡ 
Ǿ޴ͷ­ձǸɵǸûʲô𣬵Ǹ󡪡ҲڵۿУĲǺɫĹ⣬Ǹɫâɫаг˴аޣںڰֹ 
ҽŽһء 
ݿɡҵ˵ 
ǵģҿݿɡ 
ݿɾ͸аͷǵͷϡ 
òŻʱӣȻѾ˿ɲɫϰȫ㣬ѾȫаͷںһֲڵĹǴ̴аݿĽӲŴ̽СǴϺɫܣܻزšҼ紦˿һŤĹ˿УҰɫĸɿݳа׵Ļζ΢΢š 
ıƽֻ˯һ 
Ѿȫˡޱ˵ȻصһδֱشĻ 
סڣ˵ˣ 
Ľɢܸеķŭ뱯ʹ 
 



32

       ס˿ аӸµظǣҺǾ޴ݵķ϶Ű׹ǵ򢻬䣬ÿһζҺڵʱһ̡ 
Ŀޡֻ˵кˮһʹ΢ƽϢޣĹޡ޴ĺ⣬һ͸ҵļѪ⣬͸͸ҼԼȫ־ֲĺԿ 
ȻޱһļУʹعڵϣ˺Լͷϻ䡣׻Ҳ֮Ҷģ塣 
˿˫һɫӱӿȭסȻаͳȥ 
а󲿷ֶںڰ֮УֻܿͷǰһС֡ӭ˿ĳ棬а˶­ǣſ޿ڡ絶еľ޴ֿҧ˿ҹ˲ȥޱ𽣸˿һȥ 
ȳĺԾ𣬶а޿ڵ񲿽߾ȫһն¡ڰУҿɱ𰬶ޱȥй⽣ĽȻὣа֮䡣 
ŭûгɢǡ 
ն䡣 
޴ķһڴ˿һѣѪ˳£û岻ҽڿַԾ²䡣аĹͷϣͬڴһĹͷһ˿΢Ļ۶û¡ 
ͬʱһװľ·˿ȭͷаϡ 
صʱպÿ˿˻ɫе㷢ס 
аˡ 
˿ػζֻ֣ǹͷѣôôӲ 
ǹͷû΢£ԿҴ󽣵ĽѾ΢ 
ֻĹͷ 
Һ˿һЦаľצͷ£ǷԾаצ˺ʯ棬Ȼʯ̳ɨ˿ͬʱһεͷҧߡҰһڣͷǡһҧϣȻַֿһɳ˴ͷӹصĹ⽣һаͷ࣬⽣ڲ԰׵Ĺͷϳһǡ 
ûκ˺ҷ˿˿ҲצĹǲ 
ղʵӦߵġصаǱƽѨԽԽҡ 
û취Ը𣿡 
취Сֻǲ֪ûЧؿеĹ⽣Ȼ¶˾һ̧ͷ 
ǻ⽣еİأܵһ˵ĳ̶ȣȻĸҲܴ󡣡˫ס⽣µҲֻԿˡ 
Ļ⽣ĽԽӺɫΪٻƣֱ޷ӵĴɫͽϿʼðϸСĵ𣬵ָž졣 
ɣ쵰صȻа档⽣İ׹⼸˶˽ȥаͷ­ŴӭصĽһҧȥ 
ڽа˲䣬ɫâ·һͻȻѵ̫һûһкڰȵ뼫ȵĺڰûзֱʲôâҵӾҲҵ·ҲâɢһݵļžҲһ졣 
ȥĺڰһֶѨаضţȻа̧ͷһһ˹ 
й⽣ĽбüΪ谵𲻶ԭֱĹŤģ 
Ȼ󣬽Ϩˡ 
ص˫ڲҵĲ 
аһشϷءľ޿ϷӲ­ϣһĽۡںɫŧѪѿĹͷɴŴŵѪ飬ص䡣 
̹ǵ޽ȥ󰬶ޱĳҲֹͣص˫ȴԽԽء 
ףΪаѾԼȫⶼеܹ˺ķϵԵʡ 
аѪѪҲڴصָ䡣˵ǰʱҿֻѾѣ¶ѩ׵Ĺͷ 
ѾǡѾҵļˡ 
 



33

       ûдҪ˿üͷǰһٽ һʲôҪô 
ǰһҾܸܵаϵǿҵޡصĺɫı׶ֱֱش̽ĺʹעСָоеˮΧһжģԶ룬ֻ޾ޣ嶼 
ҪʧԼҪںڰҪϣ 
ҽаľԿ֪ 
·ֻһ˲䣬ֺ͡ˮӶͷ˫ۣҾȶס棬ֱָа 
Һͺܶ׵Ķս˿ҲǰֵҵһѹҪһЩܿڽЩս֮ѧһ顣Ǿǣһһôǿ󣬶ôҲضһ㡣ǡڡĹɣûʲôΥ 
аһҲ㣡 
Լ̧ͬͷаͷݿɵʬ塣 
ΨһûбĲ֡ 
صĺ¹˫۳Ѫڣøɬ˵ 
ȥǻᱻϿģһ԰ɡ 
˿ȻǣϺ޸жʱһаֱȥаӴһ£Ȼſڣӭͳ·ӭ˿¼٣嵽Һǰ棬Լɱס˴󲿷һ¡¡죬һΰİɫǽڴҲԼٶȳǳײаβͣβɨѪֵֻܹ֮㿪һ԰׵βǴǽ·Ӷÿһβ׵ǶͬһӰߴ󡣽ʵʯһĹ֡ûлͷֻɿԱðޱβɨͬʱֹͣˡʱѾ嵽аɽһ­ǵ·һֻצϷҲ͵ǰ㿪һͷʯʱ̶Ĺβݵ˲䣬ٴֵսְסаعһֲڵ͹𣬽Ʒϡ˿ʱӹץסߵһ׵ǣȻ֡ҷſס˿֣˿ȥһɫٲһҸղڵλ 
Ҿδץסа׵֮ķ϶˶񣬼˿һܿվаҲϣҲаתβϷҹͬʱӶצɨȥǾʮϵĸ߶ȣָ߶ȱ䣬Ȼδһǿ϶ˡ˿һץסа׵͹ļ̣һֳסذקߣȻ˳תץסҵ֣һȥβǸղվŵĵط䣬Ƶľ졣ʱצҲ˹Ĺצһɾֱǡ 
Сǣǵˣ˿һץסҵĺ磬һץסأ߸Լˤȥ㿪צĴ̻ 
˿ıΪˣǧһ˳׵úܸߣ߹аĶǡ 
ݿɵʬ·һЩǳڵطȥ 
ڿнҵ֡˼ 
Ѿûнˡ 
ԥأҽԼеĴ׸ 
ץס󽣵Ľ˿еѪŽȥںصĽ͸ɫĹâ 
ԭңݿɡ 
˵Ȼһݿɵֱȥ 
ضĽ谭ش͸ݿɵ壬ֱ͸аĶͷ֮СؽƵѹȥֱû֡ȽӽߵĽȫشݿɵ壬һĳаͷ 
Ҳ䵽аͷϡڴ󽣴˲䣬аһŭ˻Ȼ˵һգҸеӷ·ˡΪаͷ׹ԵʡҽסӣаԴײϵ˲䣬һɼ˳ȹǴһºϥؽʹ 
һվݿɵʬǰȻץŽ 
ȻЦ 
ͳ˵Ц 
޴˰ 
ݿȻ̧ͷ˫з⡣һ˫ɫ⻬ֱ۾סصĲӡ 
 



34

       ûжݿ˳ָƹĺסս Ҽȥȥݿɵֱۡ 
ĸ첲ӲʯͷͭصɫѾʼϣһؿݿɵ 
ѾǸˡҴ˵Ȼ󽣴ݿɵаγûѪֻһСɫķҳ齣һٽһݺݵݿɵⲿ 
ȻûϣһҲݿɿ˫֡˼ȻȰҵؿԡ 
Ҳὣˡ΢ĹУҿд󽣵Ľжദƽۡžûնݿֱ۵ԭ 
ݿЦ 
͵͵ģ˰˵ЦӻҰɫ˫䷢شаĹͷ︡ѪܵĹǴһһشϰѡһȣȻһȡվҺǰ 
ΪʲôҪһӽɫ۾ңΪ˾㣬ҲŻӣΪʲôҪһӽ 
ؼ䡣аȻݿɵ壬ôȻҲȡļ䡣һֻأһֻýָݿɣ㲻ݿɣѾˣ 
ɫֳ˵飬߻ʬתأ 
أأ㲻ʶΪʲôҪɱң 
㲻ݿɡøƵ˵ݿѾˡҪˡ 
ʬȻһЦǵģŮѾˣҲҪˣ 
Ȼ󣬻ɫӰǡ 
룬һƿأд󽣺ն֫ݿɵŵ㿪һһûü̳ڶݿɵѾҵĲӣץסҵļ 
ȻһִֻӺסҵۡͬʱֻúһʹȥ۶ҵļ׵룬ȥǴʱΨһʬץҺ֣ЦŰסҵһšʹҲɵ÷ſ֡صصаͷϵͬʱݿץסҵĽһؿڿ 
㽣ѶۣݿɵһҲԻҵعǡ 
һĽĽ֪ʱаͷ˿ǧһ֮ҵסһ˿һҵӣݿɺῳһԼͷײݿɵĶϣȻŤסݿɵĹݿɵ̱˿ֶϣߡץ𽣷ʱ˿Ѿһȭݿɴ˳ȥ 
ݿɵʬɳ߲Զ¡֧վؿ˿˿ӱغһô 
ݿɵʬû˵һһس߹˿ЦȻǲʹġҾͲ㣬֣ 
ݿЦһ˿ֱ˹˿΢ݿɵּԼӵ˲֣סݿɵĲӡ 
Ѫɳ 
ݿɼǿªĹȻĳ̣˿ʱ˿һֻץݿɵĲӣ˵ľʵ̫һ˲Ѿ۶ǴеǻһǴҲ㲻ˡĹǴ̴·룬͸زӺ͸ 
˿һֱðһɵ̣ȻбһŨڵͻǣݿըֱɳȥԼҲһӻ˻Σûе¡ȥס֡ 
ˡǴݿɱըɵͬʱѣ˿ؿҵļϣЦһˡ 
Ѫ˳˿ӿ˿ץסǴ̵ĶͷҧһʺѪ顣Ǵ̲֣ҲǺصˡҺǴû롣 
˿ұ£żˡ˿ЦЦû£˵ġȰֹѪ 
ҴȡɴֹѪõҩۣһֱڶҩ˿ϣ̾ͱѪ忪˿ɫԽԽףҩɴס˿ҡеۣϢһ¡ 
氬ޱͱںǵ֡ 
а˹ 
ݿɵ嵹ԶһذҴ˿˿ڣȻ̾˿벻ӡ 
ұ˿һ˳аͷһµĹǲص档аľ޴ǼزţȻ󻺻վ 
һûôӭİޱޱҡҡͷղشаʱʶתƵݿɴ˵ʬУڱشĲѾ޸ֽʶתƻȥˡ 
ѸļһصޱѾûзӡסϣˣ߰ɣص棬ľħŵԪϻ㱨֯Ӣӡа 
Ȼҡ 
Ҳ߰ɣ㡭ͰиˡɣͰһߣ˿ 
һֹа˵ɱ֮밵ĹңȻǱ꣬аŰ 
֪˵аһᱻӡ֮ǰʧѾԱ⣬Ҫʵڣߣ 
쵰ҳ𣺡Ҫ߾ͺһߣô𣿡 
ڵĽѴ̡ЦЦҿԶٸȡһʱ䡭 
ûĻޱߵĺ⳱ˮӿҵʶһƬĺڰ֮СƬµ޵ĺ֮Уòдס˿ 
Ȼаķŭıһжᡣ 
µамֶã 
һӣʮ룿ǡ 
аĺȻɢȥҵʶ˲ָ 
ӳģǹ⡣ 
ɫĹâҫա 
ǹǴӸڰеһɢġҫ۵Ĺâ֮⣬޾ġ˳׾ɱ 
аɢĺɱǰͬѩɢȥұ˿ؿǸŽΡ 
һѾˡҶԼ˵ΪһҲ 
ȡ



35

       Ȼ˿ճѪ͸ǰ·Ҹرסڴѿֿʼʹ ʹ˵һŰɡ 
涼޷ɢĺڰɢĽɫâ׳ɢغͱԱ߲ԶĵϣޱؿŰ̫һĸߴŮӡ 
עӽάʱ䣬ϵĹâ붷ܿ޷ӣǶͷֱ۵۾Էʧâͬε׶̴ǵļ͹ʹ˫ۣǰһƬ 
ҺƬ֮󣬹â㽥ȥٴ۾ҿаǱ˫¶ұΪԶ˫϶а۾￴顣 
־塣 
ϹŵаҲ¶־ɫ 
Ȼа˶ͷǣڶ֮¡ 
ޱȽŰޱ֣峺Ӧ飬ʼӡʽɡ 
ֱҲȷȷǱȡǸ֮ǰһˡ 
ûзսҲоõаѾһ൱͵ĵزȫǱѹƵĽ 
ߺߣû뵽ȳ 
ҵͷ˿Ѿ˫ۣɫܰף촽ң˫Ѿɡ 
Ѿ𣿡ɻؿűȣ˿һŤͷ³һںɫѪȻֱ̧۲ǣ֪ʱǵסˡ 
аʱѾͬһѱĹһڵϣޱð׻ſ˽磬ʼзӡʽȴӿлص棬غͱվ 
ءϵؿأĴųְ񱻽ˡ 
ǡشͷޱ鿴һͱɣȻҺ˿߹˿ЦһҪվұû 
ǰվסӸµؿǣѩ׵ûκα顣 
ߡ˿ȣôҪץҵĻõĻŶ 
ظ֣˳ָ⻺˿ӡҪ˿㿪徹Ȼ޷ƶȵĶ֪֮Ѿס 
Ѿְ֮ǰȻЧָḧȥ˿ϵѪۺͺˮҡ 
űѩϺȻ¶һ˿΢Ц 
ͬսѰ԰ɣ 
С˿غһ΢Цţָ˿ǰ˿ڣȻذ˿ڵɴҩȡѪ̴˿ӿ 
ҪʲôҸеɣȵصҪɱĻκηԣαֶأ 
˵ʱĴָָԼʳָָһһѪȻν˿˿ 
ҵѪ֮ˮѪõҩƷ΢Ц˿գСãúõĻȥɡ 
˭ã˿յ˵ʮ㡣 
˿ۿԲٶţѵѪͽһ𣬼ƤҲܿ죬ǿµ˿ڴֻʣһƬɺԵѪ˿һһ¸첲ȻܲԸضԱȵ 
лл 
ȻȻָűȵ 
֮ˮ 
ǰڰͿ˷ӡ֮ķħҲ֮ʧ뿪ʩħŵĿٴǰ˲俪˴ţҴ̩֮ˮҡ 
ôأҲܸ𣿡˿еʵȵɫȻȥҡҡͷˡ˲ǡȥնԼͰͿһӡʱԴͷκηܴѾԶ뿪ˡ 
˿ 
ӡʽʮӺˡа˶ʹͷ­ѾڼӲʯ֮У¶ͷһС롣һҲ˷䣬üʵԹ̶ 
ӦÿԺ׵ػٵһɣΪʲôֻǷӡأ˿ʵѾԭŮ̬Ȼǻĺ췢źɫƤס֪ǲǴȴǰҪһ㣬Ҳһ㡣ȵͷҪٵаڲѣĻаԹ޽ɢȥ˶㹻ǿֹϵԿɢȥĺܻԤ֮ı졣Էӡյķ 
ӡɿ𣿡˿һ۾ƣߣɱڱϵİޱЦЦĺˣܿɿǷı죬а޷ѷӡѾˣʹ˷ӡҪٶԸҲɺܶࡣ 
ʱһֱĬغȻսˡи󡣡 
˵Ȳûпԥһ£ݿ޹ģ 
ȴΪݿ޹أѾȥ̫ˣҲȫаɡʹ֮ˮҲֻһ֪޾ѣҪĽ𣿡 
شͷȵ⣬ԪϻĲþĹͲΪݶĨҲħŵΪ 
ǡص 
ص֮Ϣİޱ뱴ɺͲһǰѩɽб·ӡҲдŸħŵıҪɳ֧ԮҲһȥģյһȴıҵļƻ 
صӪغؾʹڱ״̬СħŵڲҲ֣ȻڰޱͲӶǰǸ磬һԵ˹ҵű͵Уؿ֮ҵҡ 
 
ɫӵؿҡ 
ҵ¬ 
 



ڰ1

       ˡ ȥһֱŵɫۣ̻ɫϸ鲼ºɫо޳㡣бҶĳϣؿ⡣ 
šڴȻкܶɻ󣬵Ҳ֪οڡֻˣ΢ЩΡ 
㿴˺ܾãֿ˵ûжֻ۾ʾҿ⡣ 
㿴ʲô 
ڷɳۣһ޼ʵԭҰһƬʵ֮УԶԼԼ岼ķݣðũ򣬽õļⶥߴľ˹۹ĹϣЩƽòƽóҲ֪ҪһʲôĴ𰸣ûлش 
Լ˵Ǹ𰸡 
ҵȱǣ˹ȻʣѪ͵ͳһƬأԼʲôأ 
ذһȼһϣ˸ơ 
ܾǰҶһ顣һдġ˵һڻŵʱõһУֻǽģʱȫҪ黹㿴ҵȱôһƬأ֮󣬻ֻռԼһССĹ԰ 
ҵͷû̾˿˵ûġӵӴĵ۹ǵ˹ĻȻҰĲֻʱѾͬˣҵͱϷˡǽ͢ǵطϵԼ档ֻʣһտӡ 
ĳ죬Ѿ˵˹Ĺ·ʯ̵Ĵ·ƽ̹Ҳǰڳľĳ·ں˵ֺ 
ҴûֹͣȨŬҪȨҪƾеļѹ⽣ǲģҪǿʮǰұȥ棬ħš 
ʮǰҲʮꡣԶ븸ԶˣһȫİĵطΪȡħŵĿȨǿװ֯ɵ¡ʱһС˶ǰ;Ŀֻ֮⣬ɵʹС 
ʧˡ˵⽣ƻҲһԱ͸ħУħŵĸ߲쵼ˣնȡħŵĿȨȻַ˵ıѾһٶıǰֱСӵİϷһεٽܡҲӲ۾ 
Ȼ֮ҷұˡس峵ЦЦЦƽҷҿʼϲħеûйĶǣûжթҪҪʱʱ̴̿żҴСһֱʱҾѾ¶˾ģħűɵ˹ڰεĶߡ 
㲢ûͣ֡˵ͷǰûͣ֡ôͣأҵĸĸöڵ˹ҵ߾лļÿʱÿ̶ڼҵľٶֻܾӡǣ飬ųȥ磬ȻսϢλߵԪҲĪʧ١õĻᣬûκȥˡ 
ط֧ϥϣҡڶ̶̼ڷ·˥˲٣ȻȴһֽѺɡ 
֪ôҵʱԸսڷӡаʽ֮СǶԻңǶħţҶиõĽ֡ 
ҡͷΣԲǺõĽ֡ 
ЦˣָָԼ·ôôħŲˣٴħԪϵۣص˹֮϶Ҳ˼򵥾ˡ 
ϾǸӡ 
ʲôãҡͷ˵ǻӣֻȨϷеˡ 
ͣҴӳȥǱһȫװʿסȥ·ʿԼʮˣһɫĺɫϴͳһʽźɫȫΪ׵һ˿µĿͨѩףߡͷӰ֮УͷװһԻ¹Ǻʺӧ硣 
ӭҵˡؿЦƿĳţСҲ߳ 
겻󣬺ֻҲǼ飬һܡ 
ҿһȫɫֲĳͷȻһӭʿ߹ȥ 
ʱҿ˳һۣǡҲڿҡѸٵؽһ 
˫õɫ۾ 
 



ڰ2

       أϵʿסͣ½Ųǰߵ·档ȻҲһסʿŶݡ߹ʱҲע⵽ӲߣҪһͷ Ȼʿ˫ͷЮ£¶ںڵտɫ˫ۣͼѩ׵ס 
ɫ˵˿һ֮¾ͻ̲ס࿴۵ڼŮ 
硣 
ˮʪĳ˳Ļؼȥغӵһ𣬱˴ǶԷա 
š˫ְĻףϸشֳ˲ 
ᰡŮʿЦţʪķ˿£ؽë˼Ҷˣء 
ȻĿƹصļңʵλǣ 
תҡֻһ˲䣬ƽֻصɥϡ˫ϵҸС 
λǰҵѡ 
áͷ⣺Ҵף޷񡣻¡ 
Ȼ΢ЦЦȴĳɷ֡ĻŶ񣬵ǳ˹ʽСεЦЦȻţλѡħŵˡ 
ǲڻˣѩ׵Ϸһ֬ĳ죬Ȼߵߣժϵף֡ 
ʵǱǸΪħӸءЦжˬʣҵ֣ܸʶ㡣ղŵʵǲ˼ 
ûʲôЦŻشȴɵøпֻһСС飬ͿԿ˹ҵĳԱƽ˴ġα£һײֿĽ˸޴жϡȻʳҲĽ 
ŶѾժߡٿ˰ɡ 
ȻŻͷʿ֣һʿǣŰ߿õĿ߹ 
һɡŶ˵ұӭӴ 
֮飬ҿһλϵ˿˿СҳŵͷȻ˿ 
˿ûѹúܵ͵ҵһȥõҡ 
ŶҲӦţҪת˿סңǮ뱻𣿡 
ҿЦŴӻȡǮ˼öҵݸ˿Ǯõö졣˿ǰⷽԶ׾Ӷɡ 
صߺѹңûɣ 
ҲСİɡ 
Ȼһɤţңɣ 
ǻɡͷƤǰʱȷʵѧģֻÿζʮӡʵڲǡ 
û¡еһƥɫ۾ңʵļڹĺɫƤëȻ룬ƥȻѵأ൱˳ҪҵָӣԼ߻˶ 
ҲһƥȻҸͨɵߡ´ͷԼİһֻ֣ͷʱķȥ 
ϵĸоӽҪƽʱߺܶ࣬ǳ˶ҲʮֵʡҺرʿӵڶм䣬ڶǰҲͷСصú񡣡 
ЦЦŲҵá 
һ㶣µĿŲ΢ӿ졣 
ȱôָңȻҵıãĸ׺ĸǽáҵδޡ 
Ǹ˰Ե̾šص¶һ˿ʹı飺ҲҲңλҺûѡȨ 
ĸ鲻Ǻܺ𣿡ƵʡЦˣǲǰҺĸҲԸȢΪ𣿡 
Ҵ˸սЩϵȥ 
˵ôĵĻ 
ЦȴûЦ⡣ 
ǵ˹ĻΡ֮Ѿȫûεʱ򣬾ͨѪԵϵѰѡ 
ζؿǰŵıӰ 
ܱǲǣ 
Ӧ뵽ı״ 
ֻ뵽ӱܡس̾һҲ˹ûľĺҵˣֻܳܡ 
Ҳ̾˿꽥СˣֱֻͦҲֻҪܸһ˴ҸĻҾͺˡ𣿡 
⡣кȻӿһĸоֻԼܻش𡣡 
أʵ˼ҡ 
 



ڰ3

       ͣˡ ˹ġȳ˳ٶȿܶ࣬ǻҪܵеĿĵأ˹׶СƽС֮ı¡һΪȪվϢ 
ǰٺƥվĹԱȥǵʳޡ 
˹ĵƶΪһ޾ƽԭҰϦδ£ĿԶԶĵطľҵ΢Щ泩 
¬㻹ô 
˴ӱ߹ᵽԴζķ㡣ŵ 
ڿʲô 
ûʲôתѾȥ˳صףһɫĳг£ֽߵĺɫƤ磬ͬɫƤͺɫСţƤѥע⵽ҲŽǹ⽣һѻоƵĶ̽ 
ĳһöʵĽԺǰһöʵ롣һʼΪһ仨ʯ֮ģϸ֮²ŷһŽС 
ע⵽ҵĿ⣬ЦЦ󷽷ذժݸңռǣȤǰɣ 
εЦЦӹö롣⻬أŮ¡е̵ĺܾȻɽ֮֡ҽ뻹ŽӹرǰָԶһ޼ʵĴأܿһأҵ 
ЩԾŵҸҵŲûֳȥغ;̳Сͳʿţͽʿš 
ǸȤ֡ӦҲЦˣİٶǰ˹۹񣬹⽣ĵһλʵ۱£ͳһ˹ʱսڴˡһĲӱ߱ĵΧʳѷҵðΣգһٳ˽˰ΧȦ˻ʵ۱µΣѡ˹֮Ƭʢе˱ҵļ壬ֱ졣 
ԡһƤңǼұй壬ҵľӱʿ 
İǰôңԶ¡ŵǸ˵˲ǡĻ 
ûʲô΢Ц˵ʿǸܷȤ 
ܷʢҲˡƬʢеء˿ţţĩϵĿζõк͡ͺըȦ 
ϺõѾơصһݸҡɫľҺеŨ¡ 
Ѿƣһڣģ 
źʿһЦʿǺһ͡Ȼû㹻ôΧһ𣬵Ȼеʿһͬʡڵȼ׼ɭϵĵ˹⵹Ǻѵõ顣ҡغ˹һʿһ൱ᣬҲ15꣬кܵɫͷһźϲλѾͷףһֻһֻۡǶźرʾӦеľ⣬˿ûо֪ΪʲôҺȻúϲա 
վĹģܴҡغÿ˶еĿͷʿһ䡣Թͺڴ쵽ҹҪǽЩڰӪطӡа顣صĿڲãȥʫʵ˷ѡֱҹزŽĹ£ҸԻط 
һصԼķ֮Ѿһڴϵˡ谵£õɫ۾ 
˿ҽվҷغţʲôʱģ 
ؽаǴʱ˿΢Ц 
Թô 
Թˡζ˿ЦȻЦݡ 
ҪģҪɾ衣 
Ŷҽ´󽣡ѾڰǼ򵥵ˡԺлỹҪûૹһ£¿Դպá˿ѹǸͷŮʿҪ 
ţеԾȻ˿ĻҸԾ˵ɱҸ˵ڰûм˱ҸУҪҵǸŵŮǸһһİɱߡ 
ɣţŸҵӡһˬʶɴŮ޷Ͱɱϵ 
ֻ˿ͬеʿУһ붼Ǽɸ߳Ĵ̿͡ʱͬˣⷽĶ֡ʿţһ̿ͼš 
Ҹеವġ˿ЦˣҲýšһڰһֱţЩȻǸұŲ١˵ҲеǶʱûʲô⡣ 
⻮һ磬Ȼһ 
ˡ˿üëҵ 
ҺȻее١˿ЦҵļһѣСӣʲôأ˯̰ɡ 
šĴӦš 
 




ڰ4

       ҹ˯ṳ̂ʵֻҪ˿ߣҶ̤ʵڶ糿ʱѾͣˣ˿ҲѾ֪ʱȥ ڱͷ֭һĴڱʱźȻѹЦҵŮ˵ء 
ͷһݡ֪Լˡ 
ˮ֮Ķ˶ҪľһЩŮǳС˿õˮֺر𣬾Լ˵öҩƵġҹ˯ĵ̣˿ǶմȾһЩϡ 
ҳĬţ˼ŸӦԡȻžûٶ˵ֻеڱнɫ֭̬ҸӵĽšȻָ޴ӱס 
˿Ͼǵ˹ͨ 
˵ʲôЦʡЦҡҡͷûʲôԵ簲ˡ 
еɻءҹ˿ѣҲٿһЩʿǺͨʿ֮Ĳ 
ǵ֫΢޳һЩ 
μ࣬ûжûûͽָ 
ǵֶܸɾָ޼ĺ̡ܶࡣ 
·ʱӺȣ˫ 
ûŶʱǵԶճɰȭ 
·תʱȲͷȻתӡ 
Ƕֻпӣ൱αӵסԼĴ󲿷Ҫ 
Ǿ䵥Ҳһ𣬶ҵһʱ˴˵߶ͬķ 
Щ΢Сϸڣû˿ѣҸ 
ŵ̬ȸҲֱҸе֪ʲô֪顣ֲֻԼԼȻŲҲֵװͿ 
ͺǼ·ɺﲢСľ飬Ҷ˵ĵãΪһЩСæҡ 
λδޣЩʲôģܸ֪ɣ͵͵ءǺʿһĺôʿſЧͷҲǵĶԻᱻ͵üëţֻǸ塣ʲô⣿ 
ԥһ£ҹ˿ҹҡ 
ţؿһۣе졣εЦЦ˯ҷ 
صְףƺҴȥʹһ١Ҹæͣ˯ϵġġ˿˵Ҳǽ㡣 
ءߡһɫٺÿһ㡣ҽŵ˿˵λδ޿е㲻ѰŶ 
ȻҼ򵥰˿ŵĿҽĹ۲˵һ¡صɫֱЩĬ˺ܾã̾һڵ۹ȷʵûʲôǿεˡ 
Ȼתͷؿҡ 
Ľ㡣 
ҿЦ 
֮óƽ棬˿Ҳûٳֹƽв 
ദʱ䳤ԽԽоصƺһ޷˵ľġԵľɱǣƺ֪ԼδˣȻȴȲҲӱܡ̽ԵʹñĻ˻ͷ 
ԽԽ۹ĸأ·ҲԽԽܡһƬԭǵӺũֵĴׯͳ򡣵ʱ֣ԶĵƽڳӴеӰӡ 
ƽУ¡ 
ڵϣصļңҴ󹫾ĸۡУһμ¬ 
صĸװҴ󹫾ΪԵʣ֮ǰǰ۹ڶȪȥػۡˡźʿҲڸۡס¡ 
ϵ˵ڵһĺһ﷢¬ġҴȡȵĵذǾһĴʯǽѩ׵ѩʯࡣһǽϴһسԿʻʢͥԺҵһνĸۡȻĽݻɣȻ̾ڽľȻʱûʲô鿴صķӡ 
ҹùõķ䣬ùó֮Ϳǰ¬ 
ضľűƿۺɫɴĻźʵĴϣҿ¬ 
˯СŮһվڴǰ 
ҵķԸǰ¬ϵĺܺá˵ûֻǿ첽ߵ˴ǰ 
¬ɫܺãɫĳøɾ롣ɫƤʱȷʵܵ˺ܺõչˡ 
мҶ˵Цҡҡͷ̫ˡ 
Ȼ̾һǣ¬ƺǳ˵⡣ 
ҿ¬˳ĽëСɵıӣ˫Һ뿪ֺѾ뿪ôá 
Ҳ˵Щ¬Ľë΢΢һ£Ȼ۾ƿ 
һѩ˿˯ֱۣᱧǰȻѾҹѾˮֵơԣĹ£¬˫ˮһ峺ɫ۾ҡ 
Ȼüëʵ 
˭ 
 



ڰ5

       ҵһӳȥ С˵׵ˡʱҲûоúѹ 
ϵʲôϵֻҪƽͺá 
ֻҪƽͺá 
Ȼѹˡ¬أȵĵɴ˫ۣ㲻ô 
ЦЦҵļҡ 
ϵأ 
һҲֻһѣϵأȴϵң 
һץ¬˫֣¬㲻ϵˣ룬ңҰ 
¬ֳȥЩֵؿң˭ 
֣ 
ŷ֣¬ǹֵѾ˺ұһֱۡ 
Ĺֲˡ 
Χ·ʼתһַŴߵĻһְסͷ 
û°ɣɫⰡҡҡҡͷ 
¬ûʧȥ䣬ǵء 
Ĳǵˣҿ¬һجΣ͸Ͻѹɡ 
˭ 
ǰҧгݵԼ֡¬һãȻҡͷμ桭á 
ҵڴϡ 
¬̧ͷ¬ңгɻͬ顣 
㻹ǵŮ𣿡̽ʵ 
ǵðŮô֪Ůģ 
ǲӣ㻹ǵò𣿡 
š¬ͷ 
أɳأҺȻʡﲻصļУǵ˹۹ĸأ԰ǸӲȥ 
ǵðô֪ǵģ¬ʵ 
㻹ǵǣ㲻ǵˣ 
Ҳʶ㰡¬ն˵ 
ǵʦ𣿡ұһϣ 
ǵáȻǵãأ¬˵ 
ôǺ˭һģ㲻ǵ𣿡 
Լ¬ЦЦ·ƽõʱ⡣ 
ҺȻҸˣʲôʹһ١ 
֡ҾԼĹ֡ 
¬һ£Լۣ磬˹֮ʧȥʶѹʱѾص˽磬֮־Ͳˡȵȣʲôˣô֪йֵģ 
ǰġվ 
ˣֻҪ㻹ƽͺˡѾƣɡ 
ץסҵֱۣҪϢһ¡ʲô⣬˵ɡ 
Ȼ¬ͷҲúϢɡһ͵ġ 
Ŷ¬ãȻؿұط߳ȥ 
ǵˡϣҿЦ 
ûʧ䡣üͷ羿ʲô飿 
Լշ˹֮⿪ˡѵǹ⣿Ϸ뷨ǰ¬ҲʹùǴû˶ǹʲô 
ΪҰŵķʣϴ˸裬򵥵ĳЩȻһͷԵĴϡ 
Ϊʲô 
Ȼ뵽һܽŵķ 
˫ۣԼʶޱߵĺڰ³ΧԶȥ 
Ҳ֪ܷɹҲǵһγ 
ʵĺڰʵһƬ󺣰㽫ҵʶΧ 
 
ޣҵʶںڰк֡ 
ޣ 
һźɫĹâ޾ĺڰ𣬿޵ҵʶ֮С 
Ǻܾòˣ 
ٸ׽飡ҾѹԼĽͷŭ¬ڸɣ 
޳Ĭţ˵ҡ 
֪ôһ¡ֲ䡣 
ҡڲ֪ҵԺдЦ 
ˣñǰҪǿء 
˵ĻԼʶѹȹȥңΪټǵˣ 
Ϊ㰡̹ȻسҵѹΪ㣬ԲŻʧȥ㣡 
¬ĹΪģۺ֢ߵĹֲͬĹֲǹľͬʶ֮ͨͿսʱΪ˴򿪿ռ϶ʹ˳Լܼ޵ 
ҷŭغ 
ˡҵҵҲô˺ʱ֮ϱڡǸʱŮгһ񣡡 
˵ȥ 
Ůг˻֮ꡣ޵оȻҲһ˿ŭ⡣֮ĶԹҲжš 
Цһ£ҵʶʼĲ޵ڻء޷赲ؽҵѹƿɲֺ˵ˣԸԼŮҪۡ 
ۣ 
ǵģҪŮĶ 
ǡ 
ɵϣŮĶ㣡԰ӡһйļ䣡 
ȻӴȫѾ亹͸һֱŵģȴеƣޱȡ 
򽻵Ǹ 
 




ڰ6

       ±۾ȴζٴ˯´£ȥߡ ܺõɫߵ¹͸սڵһƬ˪סϡǵи԰ 
ؼĺܴ˺һȻûпȥšﰲˣûˡЦЦԼҲʼţǼ⡣ 
ȻôسֺαһҪأƿһȴŲ߽ͥԺ 
Ż㱻ˬҹǼ䣬Ҳһˬ°ɫСŴشأÿһ䶼ָֻ׸ǴС·Ǳģʰ͸״¡ҶԻ֪࣬ʲôҲδڱ𴦼 
ϮˣƢߵ̳ߣ֪֡ 
ҵûдժһֻ⻨ָҲȾһ㡣ȻҵָȥȻ˵ 
һҹʱδˡȻؼУԷӦ޶⡣һعʮಽԶĵطվһŮ 
Ůʮ꣬һͷĽɫ˳ͷٲһżȥֱʡɫףһ˫ɫ۾üĿ֮߳ 
Ҽǵ˵иáŮˡ 
Ůһѩ׵˿ۣŽվĲݵϣޱؿҡЩΣǡ 
ŮңǱ񻨣ܲһ˿ģֻϿһϵܰġ 
۶ЦЦǸҲ֪⻨㡣 
ŮҲЦЦЦĺǳǺ 
Ҳϲǰɡ˭û㡣 
ǰҽС 
ҵĻû˵ꡣΪҵĽŲǰǰһһӰѾŮ֮䡣 
һȫںɫƤеˡͷһƤУֻ¶һ˫ɫ۾ 
˫۾ʱҲ˸ս 
κ˵۾ϹӣֻҪˣıǻᷴġ˵˫۾Ǵڵģȫ⡣ 
ֻ۾ϴƤҲǴɫƤжʱȫȻƵúܺãƤͨҲй 
Ƥȴȫûһ˿󣬾ͷ·һӰӹ 
˸Ӳܸߣ԰Ȼݣ֫Ҳ 
۾Ҹκα飬ȻҲ޴ĥ뷨 
ʱӦͣ½ŲתߡʱȴΪŮġ 
ҲܹжʧΪŮһʣһ̲סҪǰһ 
ǺҲ˵ֻ˫һ죬һѲڵеĳ 
ɫĵûл֣ɫĵʡ 
͵Ҳȫûй󣬿ʡ˻ 
ʰߣһɴ֮ѾɭĵëȻ 
ҲǴڵģûһ˿Ĵɫ·ֻһʵĺӰҵһԼ˴鷳 
ֻǳɢɢûдκ 
ȫʡ߳ĵͬһӰ¹Ե÷졣ءһҲûж⡣ 
˸ңҵҲųȥֵʽΪգһͬң񲻿ɵнʱܷסһвֵ֪Ļ͸ѽˡ 
Ů·ԺӶһ㣬ȴ΢Цſҡ 
ȴЦ 
ŮȻڵˣ硣Ӧòǻˡ 
Ǻ˵δ䣬еѹɱȴˡҵҲ 
ӦǸĿˡŮ˵ûµġ 
˫ڵ˫۽ضңĿ·ճͷҴϵһѹվֱյʣһͷŻعŮ 
ȻӰǼʧ 
ҵҲֻǿƺϷ֮ʧȥټŮƺϰΪ΢Цŵûµġ粻ǻˣֻҪҡ 
ȻŵǸĿ˰ɡʲô 
˿ҽа 
Ůͷҽаҡţܸʶ㡣 
 





ڰ7

       ˵ųһ֣¡ȻԵ˹Ļ֪Ĳ࣬˼һǶġ Ϲֱ֣һ¡ 
ļۣҺǵҵ뿪ʱҺȻ 
ϣмƤֲܴڡȻҿԿ϶Եָϣضһ롣 
ֻг˲Ż֡ 
Ҫһ룬ҪϵϡŮҲᳬʮꡣ 
ңϸо˿ɱ뽣⡣һˣǽǿʱΪʱѾȴڲءҪȫԼɱͽ⣬ҪʮҵΪſ 
뵽ȻصãȻҲǹ⽣һԱôҲͲΪˡ 
תʲôͷȻ֪ŵط֣ʵôˣطϢΪд𣿡 
ҡҡͷûУе飬˯ţԳߡ˵ΪʲôҲأ 
촽Цˣ͵͵Ļİ 
벻˵ôһ𰸣Ǻ޽ĵոռ˵С԰ҹɣΪʲôһʱһֱ׵ľ鰡 
Ļ᣿ҵɴ۾С 
ҪҪأСĻҳӦ֪ɣΪʲôҪ° 
һҸ΢Цţе¹ⶼһ 
ǸˣҵδءȻҪ޸ǵҶ֪ʲôӡѵҾͽŮʹŸ档 
δδ򣿡 
ǴûδҺȻˡ 
أһ׮λɡ 
ŽҪ޸磬Ҫ޸Ͷ˵ǲǻԽԽأ 
ڶδҸ֮УҵԺȴ˵Ļ 
ǵ˹ĻΡ֮Ѿȫûεʱ򣬾ͨѪԵϵѰѡ 
δҲżҵ˰ʡ 
šʶŽѽͶĵܵܡش 
һɻ 
Ů޽λġԴһһȻѾضףôȫûټ޵żȥӦü޸Ĺӵܣø£ѲŶԡȫε˶뵽صĸ׺û벻ҿɲʲôమ֮Ĺûм 
һӿͷ 
ԼҲ˵ܻ̫á 
Ԥеʲô˵Ѿ֪ʲô 
ΪܿҪ뿪ŵĻ¿޷ʵ֣ҪðŵĵܵܰͶ飬άϵҵĹϵ 
ҵͷתķɿ죬ʲôأ 
ûʲôҲĻˡϣδɷܴҸҴҴ˸ת뿪 
ʱദѾҵѡ 
ҵѣп˿ĵܵܡ 
Ҳҡ 
ƿϵĳȥȻ΢һ 
Ƭѵ 
ҿɲΪڰҹȥݶصļңҹĴݶȥҲΪ˰ʲôġҵ˼һԾķݶ 
صլۡУߵĵطĲ¥ƫֻһ㣬Ҳ׵ԶǶ¥䣬ϣӰ֡ 
¹£˵ҿһǸղǸ˿꣬һ˾Ȼ˿ 
ڿƺͳһսߣ͹˿Ĺƺͣϰһ㵭ɫĶ֣ÿһȭӳʱƿ֮ĽŲᣬȻ뾪ˡ 
ǰѹĺڵӰ˿ĹƣԷס 
˶ԵеǸˣûκֵڱֻһֵֵֻ˿ͿĹơ 
ֱֻһȭһƶֻ֮䣬˿һֻ֣ͬһƬͭǽڣصõˮ©˿ͿƵĲˡ 
ڵĵطоκνɫҿ˿ɫȴԽԽס 
ܿҪˡ˵ͿˣҺһ룬ҲǸ˵Ķ֡ 
ΪǸ˹ 
 




ڰ8

       Ȼ֪˹Ϊλ˿ȻѾ˹δʹȫ ˣ˿ͿĶԽԽͣȻѾΪ˹Ľѹȡ˹ǵԼĽȫ˿Ϳϣ˿ɱⶼѹסȻҲ뾪ˡ 
Ӱһһ˿Ҳ˹̵һʱһתΪϷб˹ƽ죬ʳָһ㣬е档ˣȻְסֻڴȻղ˹һָѾ˵ʱֻʣ˿һˣƸա˿ȭԸ߹ĵȻԶ˹ȭ˹Ϊָһ˿۱شȥ˹ָ£罣˿ʺҹ˲ñһǰ 
˹תͷ΢΢һЦָᴥ˿Ķͷ˿ڵغ岽²һƬ 
ҸҪٿ˵һӰ쪵һԾݶй⽣Ľ˸ȵʲôˡʦ𣿿ꣿ˿ 
˹Žֻ˯۵ЦЦͷɫ 
һãȻҹ˯ʱȻͷжὣϷ鿴ĸ£ǺòΡڨڨ⽣˹񣬵𡭡ҹǰΪˡ 
˹Ц˵ˣ㣬˭֪һԺӾҹˣƣȴλ 
˿ֳݶվƺûˣݺݵһۣȻҲ˵ģֻϰݶ 
һȻ˿͵͵ңȴ˹ײϡ˹Ż䣬˿ӣټǵ˹׸ڣ˵ֵĵطȻһԲȿɱڣϧҴ˶֡ͬ˹ֹ֪֮˿Ҳ͵һţʩչӵԹҷҲ޿κε顣 
ؿ˿ֳ˹˸񣬵ʦҵġҵѡ 
˿һȥģҿûԺյѡ 
ЦЦת򿨿ꡣô 
վһԲյʣ˸ת·ڰ֮С˹Ҳȴ߹ּˡ 
ҾϹΪ񣬵ǣǰ 
˹ͷദĲܺá 
˿ŭصøƨɵϣ򽻵ʲôô 
̾˿˿Ե˹ĹνǿƫƫûԼҲǹ治֪ôӺЦݶ䣬ȥȱɡ 
˹Ȼá 
˿ȴһ۾ͷҲ 
߹ȥס֣ȱҲûʲôҲ˰ɡ 
˿ҵĲýˣҲŲȫķ 
ס֣ȥȱ裬һûйϵġ 
־塣 
֮ÿһ仰ɤ˵ΪгɼΪҵ 
Ϊܺ¡Ҫ˵ԼĿ־塣 
ղŽֵʱ˹Ľһ뼯ϣָ֪о 
¯ǧơ֮лûʲôһˣζ˺¡ȻĿ־壬˵ĵ޹ء 
֮ѾصĿӿţҹ紵Ժᵭ㡣 
ĸΧһԲߣ¡˹̬ȻҶ棬أұ˿صıе㲻Ȼ˿ɫƽ 
ֻһֱҵ֣Ϸſ 
þµհɫɱÿ˶˱ǵ̲裬Ȼ˹ʦô˻ӣǲʲô£ 
˹ЦЦûʲô¡ˡ 
˵⻰ʱϳ˴Ⱥ밲꣬صӣ·ȸԼĶӡ 
֪Ψһ״ӡҲȷʵؿԼĶӡ˺⡣ͺҺ˿֮ͬ׽һĸ飬ǾεͬŻġ 
˿ɫǺܰףֶӣŵС̲衣 
һжãֻҲŲõ΢΢Ĳ 
˹һЩڰǷ飬Ҹ˿ֻĬĬ˵˿ﰢǵʱ򣬿źȻˡ 
Ǳڡ 
һͷ 
ſڣһеɫͷӢֵվšȻСû뵽ǻôõ£ҹؿ軰ᡣ 
 
磿 
شˣ 
Ͷ 
Ȼ˿һЦ˳ϸŽ޵ĺΣһѴнԼֳ 
ʱѾϳʱվԷʱͬһʿ֮һ 
 



ڰ9

       صɫ൱ѿڳֻҺ˿Ҳνˣ˹ڣԼҹʱ͵͵ȥɣô˵Ҳи̲ܽϵ²豭Ǵһվݺݵѵ䡣 ȻûվΪ˹ְסļ 
ͷһ˫ѩ׵Сڵ̺Ťȥһ磬ҡ 
˹סĻôˣһȱɡ 
˿Ĳֹͣˡζؿ˹һۣ߬ҵһѣȻɿҴ˿Ů˵־治С 
һ۵˼˹δضҶ 
Ҳͨ˵С 
ҲֻǸ˶ѡ 
ֻҪѪķˣҾͲؾ㡣 
ͰͶȻĹһȲ衣ͶǺˣؿã̾˿ҲȥϢɡ 
Ǿ˸תܵˡ˹΢ЦأǸСӣǰͶ 
ǵġʦ𡣡ص˹˵ĶӣѾͰ˻顣 
֪ô˵ŵĵܵܿ 
ǡ 
˹̾˿˵ʿԶˡ 
һ˹ô˵ȻҲǼŵġһʦ۹⣬Ӧû˿Ҳ˵ſǸΣյİɱߡ 
кȻؽԼĽŵĽȽϡȻû֣ܵõ˹Ƴ磬ߡ 
˹Ȼʲô 
ҡҡͷûʲô 
˹Ц뽣ϵ顣нɢҿó 
ʵʵصͷǡ 
˹֪ĽΪβô 
ҿһأǰ̻塣 
˹Ϊ̫ˡδ֣ʤܡأôȫԸ 
ڽ֮ǰ϶ԼӮʱ⡣ 
ڽǰ϶Լ㻹ʲô 
˵仰һںȸɱ̲裬վˣҪ˵Ҳˣ˺úϢɣˡ 
Ҳվصʦ𡭡 
˹ҡҡ֣֮·ȻѣǼ򵥡Ҫߵ·͸ӵöࡣⷽܰĵط࣬Ϊ֮ɡ 
˹֮Ҳ˿ôʲô顣 
˿ЦЦˣûʲôӸͷû뵽ôļһ 
ҲЦôļһ֣Ҳô 
ڻС˿ҡҡͷӮġûҾͷˡȡ 
û˿ǣغȻš 
ô˿üëһ㻹²ô 
صˡڰǣûİæҲĶȻҵļиʾһ¸лɡ 
˿ЦһҲҪ㣬ֻҪﰢʾл͡ 
ס˿ֱۣ˿ 
˿ҡ 
㣬ʵҪʾл 
ֻΪˡ 
ز˵Ҳ˵ 
˿Ĭţڣðɡ 
ҽȥ׼䡣ؿһۣĿг˸м 
˿ص£ʵزһˡ 
֪ҵȻ֪˿ЦЦǻˣʵ˹ĻҲࡣǱϾǵ˹Ļ塣 
ôҪ𣿡ʡ˿Цſңҵ۾ 
һ죬ұ˹ҵɱǰô 
ûлش޷¡ 
ҵʦҵͬĸһʦǰ˹ɱˡ˿˫УַҰް׹⡣ 
ǳޣ޹ƶ񡣡 
ǳޣǺҵѪҲ޷ϴĳޡǺ˻ǻˣа񣬾㲻ҵĵˡ 
Ҳҵĳˡ 
˳𲻹졣 
һû˵Ѿ޻˵ 
˿ı˹ĻɱҾԼҲŹ֡ 
Ҳ˺ѵġɱȻиҪɱҡ 
⣬ȷʵƶ޹ء 
޾Ŵ޷ŴഫѪɻ⡣ 
Ž˿Ϊ㰲˷䡣ȺúϢɡ졭 
졣 
εؿ˿ء 
飬˭֪ء 
 



ڰ10

       ڶϣҸһſ۾Ϳ˿ վҵĴͷҡһʲô 
ȻҲŷ¬ҲҴվţؿҡ˿һק¬ָҵʵĲʶ 
˵а¬С˵˿һţˣôҶǵãȴƫƫأϸ룿 
˿˿˿ңֿ˿¬촽˶ûн 
˯Σûһ˿££ͷУܾû˯ôĴ 
Ȼһת¬ôӣ 
ЦЦѵ𣿡 
øƨȫǵˣ˿¬֣У㿴ĹҲˡ 
Ҿͦá´ 
ǰĺܺáû˹֣¬ʹࡣʲôϵأˣͷɡ 
һ 
ˡѾˡ 
ΪһУһȹʱ⣬ͬĿ֡ûˡ 
Ὣ 
ᰮ 
Ҳ֪С˵ 
ǰһǺʹġ 
ǼƾɵѾϴٸɣĵطþµ뷨ãصڴߵİϣҴ£ϵý 
ܺáҿ¬˿˵ܺáûʲô 
˿עҵ۾ҾԼԵ̹ȻһЩȻҲҪϣҵݼǺ׾ӵġ 
ƭҡ˿̾Ϣſ¬֣Լתȥˡ 
Բ𡣡¬˵һˮɫ˿ȹͰɫĶ£ԺһӡĹâҴս͸һǳɫɴƴӳ¬ϡ˫жô˼Ҷôĸˡ 
ûУ˵ֻǸŵһμİˡҲô 
ת¬ȴȻסҵ 
ңתͷ˫ɫ۾ͬˮγ 
ǰʶ𣿡 
ǵġҵͷ 
𣿡 
ǵġ 
¬ǲѡ 
ˡ 
¬ԥһ£ʵô㣬İɣ 
ǰҺġôأһ߹ô·һô顣Ҫˣȴˡ 
Һİ 
ϡǿЦЦⲻĴ 
ԹͺغҪȥʹʵ۸֮ǰ˿ס¡ͼݵڡ 
ȥͼݣе㾪ȡ˿ҲǻͼݲȤˡ 
ҵŪ¬ôˡҲһ˿˵ 
ûҪͦ 
죡˿ңƭԼʲôʱһȥ¬飬Ҳһ 
ȻȻ̾ 
ڵĻͺˡ 
ȷ¬ʧǹġ˽ˡϧѾˡ 
˿һǳɫ廨ȹ׺յĶɫñ̶һ׼ĵ˹硣óؼٽëͶñӰԼ˫һľƺɫ۾ɷ˵Һ¬ȥͼݡ 
߳ؼҸۡŵ˲䣬ҵкȻֲֳָԤС 
ǿң 
ôˣ˿еزҵһҡҡͷûʲô 
¡ͼݣ걸ǵ˹ͼݡͼȻҲͨڿţҪĵĹڹ䱾ǲġҺ˿׼Ҫ˻רõͼ֤ǲűڹһյĸĶЩϡ 
治١˿̾һ 
ͼݵĽӴԱǣڹϲ࣬ڲףࡱԵġ 
˹ͼݾ˵鳬ʮᣬйڹֻкٵһ֡ٶʮ 
Ҫʲôʱ򣿡ҿϺ϶ѵɽһ̾˿һ£ùһϺɫƤĴ鷭쿴ſ֮һҪ¬㶨 
¬һۣҲĬĬһ£һ鿴ʱ˵Ҳν֮Ļ¾Ҫ˿ˡ 
Ҳȡһ鷭 
Щ鼮󲿷ͨдġҵĶˮƽ⡣Ҿȵط˿ñҿöࡣ¬ٶҲҿһЩ 
ѾǰäˮƽôҿЦ 
Щ鼮УطмȻǼдġҪԼ֮Ժ͹̬ѧ⡣һڿۺ֢СӡҲſһ룬˿ͰЩɨһߡ 
㿴Щ¬״ûϵҵڹྫ֮ϵϿ˵ŶһīɫƤĴҡ 
ðɡ̾ 
 




ڰ11

       Ǿͼݷһ졣 ջ¬û˿Ȼġ 
 
뿪ͼݵʱ˿ǲǻҪȥؼס˿ҡͷ 
ˡҽиԼᡣ¬ȥˡ 
ʧ飬Ҳû˿ 
ԣؼסһϿѾЭòЭΪҺ¬ġҲҪ࣬޷ࡣĿıӰʧȺкҸ¬һصļҡ 
ҰףҪҲϵñ¡·ʱһô˵˿顣 
ǵǻصؼ֮󣬲֪غŶûлֻǣŵʿҲڡ˵Ҫʵ۱»㱨ܻܶ࣬ڹޡǰҲ飬ǲҪǡ 
ȻﲻԤȴԽǿҡ 
ġԹ֮󣬰¬ڴ죬صһλܼ塣ʱɫѾȥϦĹ͸سսУһжһ㵭ɫ 
ȵƽұܵظеԵźȻƿʱҵһվ 
Ž㣿ҲȵĿŽˡ 
ֻףʿҲȫװһԲؽΧС 
Ž㣬ʲô飿أ 
ɨһۣȻһָֻ֣Ű¬ 
Լķ䣬ûҵǳ 
һ˿СŽ㣡 
Ųٿʿֱ¬Ͱߡ 
šҳ˵Ҫʲô 
ģΪ˵İȫŽңҵ֡ 
¬ǿд˴ûж 
ܸеŵѹҡֱ¬֮ѹʧȻһ֡ 
ǶȥԼ 
µʿһһشӴ뿪صĹܼҺҲߡֻʣҺ˶ʱʵʲô£㵽Ҫʲô 
ŵĿҵƵҵϣʵصѣ 
ǡҺԥػش 
ʵ۱Ҫɱء 
ҾȻȡǰҾԤУԼҲ˵һĻڣˡ 
ֻǲ 
Ϊʲôطʲô 
ûз˵ֻΪ˵õħ֯ĿȨͱ 
ΪʲôܸеŵĶԾѹѾʧȴ˿Ҵ⡣ 
ˣؾħŵųħžǵ˹֮ǱȻˣؾһҪˣ˹ͿԽת޵ħϣӶֶζȡħŵĿȨŵ˵ 
ȲҲġ 
ֻбĺ⡣ڳ˿Ļ 
һʮָİɱߡ 
ǵĻʵǰ׳հɣҷŭʣڱ¡ĻʹɱĻôת޸ħţ 
˹кܶħʦʹ̿ͣа취أسĶ̽ 
԰׵ĽɫĽС 
ӦõĵԼŶҾ𽣣ʵ۱ּ⣬ȡ 
ˣδ򣡡ҳ󺰡纮ǵ˹ľˣҷԼΡνɣ 
Ρ 
˹˵ΡΪ˾ζϧһУԼһҸ 
Ұν 
Σ±ȻŮˡҪ졣 
ٸһ顣ΧȦӣѰҵ 
Ҫָ˿㡣ҲѾ૵İ˹ˡ 
ʲôĳһ 
ΪҲ֪Ǻ˿ĹϵĻ˹Ļͬ˹ϵġҵĵһְ˹ʰ˿Цţ㣬ҾͿˡ 
һϮֳֽתбܿŵһ 
һżأֱֳ˹̽һչƣ޽ƽһֿ칥ס 
ŵĽΪҽ·Ϊ졣 
Ҳ㡣 
ŮˣŮ֮У˿ݿȺˣϾ 
ҡ 
ٶҪҿ졣οҲҪɱֻ򵹾㹻ˡ 
һĽһŶ̽Ľϣĵ˼ȻҾ𽣣ָţӡҺȻƺ졣 
ҲͬƶԸңͬʱûн 
Ʒһ󡣵Ǿ޽ĳԶ̽ƿܹҡ 
ҲҪжϡ 
󣬻ң 
һضֻڵʯ֮䣬ֻһѡĻᡣ 
󣬻ң 
 



ڰ12

       ҪࡣҲֵģ࣬ȽϷ㡣 ǣ뵽ȻҲ뵽еĶ̽ʵһལϴŷĵһУƱĳѪ 
ֽרŴ̶ԷҪֽҪ 
ҵشսϣƵϡʱ򣬿Զȿָӿɿಫ֮ʱ޷εġ 
Ȼһ¡ 
һ˲䡣 
ŵûһ˿ɱȴһļµıˡ 
ǰֻһ˵۾￴顣 
֮ϣҺ˿ҹľͧʱʱѾȫ˿ҪɱԵѪʱ顣 
ҺȻ˹Ѿˡ 
ų˹ 
Ҳҡ 
ԼӭеĽ档صĴ׾ٵػĻؼףֱ̽ 
ţ 
ҵĺеĶ̽˺ĵ̺ϡֱ˵Ŀ⿴ңǰһ 
޽ȫ̴壬ǿЦЦŷۺɫĭѪӿ 
õĽʽ 
ǰصģΪ۹ľˣұԼְҿߣɱҵļ˻ᱻΪͽ⵽ͷ 
ԣԲֻܽҿɱһ 
֪زңʲôϵءĽҾúҸ 
żѵץҵҼ磬Ϊ⿿˫Ѿ޷֧Լ塣ץסҵ֣һӲĶҵ 
ҵĻ£ҵʿķԸſšǻѾû㹻ѹһ 
Լһ˵ 
ӦûţѾҾ˵Σڣȥذɡ 
Ȼ۾ɿ֣ҵĽϻȥҵĽűߡ 
ҿԼеĽϵѪȻ 
ȻҿԼ֣һöƽ̵л£ǵһμ죬ŸҿǸ 
Ѫ˿ӿѲɫĵ̺ȾɫһƬĹһƿţ߾еĻ¡ 
ϴȥʹȥҽ 
ܵ˺ûͿ϶оȻϣϣãҲҪһԡ 
ҳʱѪġ 
ʿȻѾõŵķԸû˾ȺͷŭһʿߵǰȻ 
Ժͣһ׼õиѾڵҡ 
ǰͶ 
һԲᣬʿϳλá 
һʹķʻȥͶҽϵѪ˺ܾãõ͵͵ʵɱҽ𣿡 
ҳʱšҲȥˡȨΪ𡣡 
ǽԼѡ񡣡ͶԼĶ̽ͷȻ˵ 
Ҹ㣬֪ˣڼͷ֮ǰʵ۱²ɱظ磬ҲȺܾá 
ҲȺܾõġս˽ 
¡һܴĳСܴϵѾôӵǻǻ˽һСʱʱŵʹ 
¡ĻʹҪСһЩ 
ֻСһЩʹΪ¡ĻʹġռشһĶľ޴󹬵Χ˸ߵĹǽΪѾˣԻʹѾرգͣڲǰ 
ϣڻʹϣһȫװųìһʿֻвʮˡӭȥ 
ʵ 
ƽ񡭡 
Ļûн꣬ѾһŰ߷ڵϣ󽣵Ľѹĺ 
صʲôط 
ҡֻǸ 
ûٷϻһ̽ĺ 
֪ҲǸͨˡ 
ҲиĸܻӺͺӡֻǻʹһļ˻ڵصߡ 
޹ġ 
Һԥɱ 
Ѫ 
˿ 
ǳޣ޹ƶ 
תͷʿǺͰͶȻͳö£˰Ͷ 
˻ȥһ𴳽ʹĻĳ棬ǵļ˻ܵǣĻŵĿľͰ׷ˡ 
ȻҵͷӻʹĲг˽ȥ 
ƽһ³çΪѾȫûʱˡ 
ǰһƬĹ㳡ƽ̹ĵŽ׵ϸɳҳʱѾϰʿΧ˹ 
ھ𽣵˲ҺȻеһ˿־塣Ǹ˵ǲսʤô˵ġ 
ȻҺȻ˹˵Ļ 
δ֣ʤܡأôȫԸ 
仰ɢҵĿ־壬Ҳɢһ˿ԥ 
Žӭȥ 
 



ڰ13

       ºҵʱ൱ĴʵǵؽΪȫ ֪ټĻʹҪҵʲôطóȻسһȺҪҴж˿֮Сһ˵ǿϾҲмޡ 
ȻʱҲûпЩһҵĽºʧȥ˿ơ 
̫ˡһһˣ˲׹һƬĺ󣬺ˮһ޴УҾеġ 
һнս˺ĺ£Ψн߾ȫĻӽһһնɱǰĵˣܵظҴ̻ķС 
ûʱȥ۲սľƣûʱȥ˼սļƻûʱúõһһ˲ͻ֮ء 
޵Ȼһǿ׳Ҳֻһ˫֡ 
ңҲѪ֮ 
ҳİΧдֻмʱ䣬ҵ۸оȴѾսһôá⼸ڣҵĺ󱳣˫Ⱥʮˣأһɼǡ۽ҧ֧š 
ûⷢչȥôƬ֮Ҿͻ߶ȻҵԴᱻȥ˹ĻʵۡţҲҪͷء 
ĻǾͿƪ¼ˡ 
ҸеԼѾӽ˼޵ʱѹȻˡڰΧȦΧǷ󾪽ܸеɱ͸ΧҷӽƿǰˮӶͷϻ䣬ϻʹҵҲһҺòȻƤǲ£°̺ˡ 
һͳںڰнҡɫĵ˸Ǿֵ˿ 
ǰѵûйģǵϵѪڷ⡣ 
ꣿҴϢšӰһĿӵ֮ 
ش˱ڻʹƫĶ㣬ȥע⵽ҲˣǰƤһѿڣѪϵ 
ûжʣⲻʱ򡣿õ̫ٶҪҵľ޽죬Ҳôĵʱ̫޷ͻΧġ 
ҪͻΧǳصľ޽ӱ 
ȻѾȷĿꡭ 
ת˲䣬ǹ̽ҵ壬һӺ󱳵Ҳҵķһ´̽ǻ 
һ˲ʧˡؽҵ֡ 
ţѳǹִҴҵĸǹ洩͸⣬Ѫ˳ǹеѪ 
Ѫʱ 
ҹȻҪ 
ڰ˷ӿʹͬˮ㽫ûҷſ֣þ޽ڵϡ 
㲻 
ǣѾ˼ޣκһˣ£ɡ 
ںңԶĵطһ 
ȡ˵׼ 
ⲻļޣֻǷ˵ļޡ 
ΪˣΪ˼еˣΪ˽иˣΪ˵ȴˡ㲻 
ûʸ 
ǣѾ˼ˡ 
ôͳԽļްɡ 
ڰɢȥ 
ҷԼڽ͸Ѫĵϣ־ץһѵĵ档յʿɫؿҡ 
ԴԴϵشӿʹȻȷѾܡһ֡ 
žһ죬ˡҶضϵʰڽűߵľ޽վ 
ճصĴ󽣣ʱɵͬһëںڰУҿֵĿ⡣ܿǵĿ־壬Ѫŵġںڰз΢ࡣ 
ҳȥ 
ĵطϱع֡ǰֱӱ޴ɣѵһءûԥûͣ٣ſҵĵطͳȥûңûסҡһŻʹķͳ塣 
־޴ǲάֺܾõġһҪʧ֮ǰҵء 
Ȼ󣬴뿪 
һǵİΧһѪ·ܵĴʵڵģѪڲϵҲֶ֪ܼáʹĴŽգҽŲͣӽ 
صڽºȻʹһƬڣߺܹҵĽ¡ 
ҴţƫʱʹľѾԽԽ׷ҲһЩƫʿͼҡ 
ûãûסҡ 
ƫҲܴҴҵ϶¥¥ݡ¥Ҳʿ 
Ѿ޷ά̫ˡҺὣǰӲ¥ݡ˴Ӻҷ󲿷ˣҵĺҼһҷְ¼ͷϴеεʱһѪ⡣ 
ʹ࣬ƣһж޹ؽҪ 
¥ţա 
һŵŷ͸ƹ⡣ 
һ 
ڴźȻ˲䣬ҵҲʧˡȫ˿һʹҼ޷͡ҽڵϣŽڴڵشϢÿһķҶͻһʹʹ嶼鴤 
Ȼص͵͵ģȵģһ˿ο 
 
ء̧ͷĹһĿѣ 
ˡ 
 



ڰ14

       Ц ѣɢȥһĳη䣬Ŵĵ̺ûдǽϹ˾Ф 
֮⣬ĸڷ 
ЦǸ˴ʮңܸߣɫͷ룬ŻɫĿۡһŷһ˫ӥĻ۾ɫͷһһ˿ҡ 
עĿǰö׹ʽӵĵ׹װһö˶ʯ׹ɢһӨĹһ֪ǼֵǵıҲ֪ǵ˹Ȩ֮ǡ 
ǵ˹Ļʵۣ&amp;#8226;ϣ 
ֱվŵǸݵˣһͷɫĳڼͷһѩ׵Ŀ䳤ۡȻʵ԰һЩһҡʵֱһͷĽ׳ˣɫڻʵ߻׼ףһܳš 
⣬һˡ 
ң۾ؿŹǽϵһФ񡣴ӱֻܿһͷ˳ĳ׷׷ԺżͻʵͬһʽĳֻۣɫģĽߡ 
Ȼûлعͷȴһҵע⡣ 
ˣҺڣֻûһ˿ɱҵĴ޷ӦֻǾؿǷ·𷿼﷢һж޹ء 
һλŮӵФ񣬻˶ʮͷͣλʮ 
ʵЦʱһֱ׷ҵӿȻǿʵʱеĵ 
ˡûˡʵ΢ЦŻӻ֣°ɡκ˽ˡ 
Ȼº͵ؿңǰ 
ǡ˵ʱѪӿϺҾ̻ȥʹʳʶҿء 
عڵϣȻϿûˣǿشۣضܵʲôƶ޷ж 
ʵһأ 
ҿأҲҡ 
ұܿصĿ⣬ɱ 
ȫһŵؿҡҲһ 
Ϊŵļ˺ʿŲǣֻô˵ 
οȷʵҵĽ¡ 
ʵ۲ΪЦЦȻûܿԴԼͷ­͹Ҳһ 
һָǸݵİˣ˵ѧĽλĵڼ̴ʦԴ㿴ô 
ûشҧ𽣡 
ҲģɣҲҪϡղŵĳѾľҵȫھһտӣֻҪһͻᵹ¡ 
ֻҪһվţҾ; 
̵֣˵˵ĵ֣ȻƷ£׸ƣΪݡд뵽˵˹֮ͬ˹ϵƺҲΪ档 
ʵ۾һӳȡһѳҺɫĵ·δȼĻ̿ɫһһȻһƬ⡣ 
˵ѵ 
ܾǰʦҽ̺ŻϢĵ裬վһа֮ 
벻ѵڼ̵С 
벻ǣһѵ¡ 
ʵ·ǲԸҵѪϡŵ 
ȫʢ״̬£Ҫͼĸֽ֣ʤҲδ֪֮οҪ𽣶Ѿܳ 
ֻǣҾҵ 
̿ңȻʵ 
ʦӺˣ 
ǿһʦա 
һ㶡 
ȻתԻʵ۵Ǹ¡Ҳɱˡ 
ʵ۵ŶΪΣ 
̵ȻǸ޳ܵСˣҲ֪ͼʮǰȹһҲɱˡ 
ȻͷЦһɱҲ 
ʵ۵ͷȻʦô˵Ҳǿһôʦĵʵź 
ȻǺڷ˵ļ磬ڿͷʲô̫鷳飬Բԣ 
˵ͷԡ 
ȻĽ 
󽣡 
ѽҵĽԶһ㣬ȻʵĽɫз 
ŵÿ˻ 
ıʼպܳȣɫ˫۽ҡ 
ҵĲӡ 
ɱ 
Ҫվǻʵһļ磬Ͷá˿ң㲻Ҫˡʹġ 
û˵һĺ 
ĺûױڵ޷̴׵ġ 
һ̾Ϣಽ޽һãɫֻһᡣ 
ҵĽˡ 
ضϽںĵ̺ϣû̫̾ýý 
ʵ΢Цǻزصʮ֮һ˵⻹¶ǹȴƷ 
ɫһĪǡյ 
ʵףյ 
ڷһԲؿңŰضϽִȥ 
µ񣬴ţҲˡ 
˸߸߾𽣣ûеͷֻǿء 
Ҿˡ 
¡ 
ܸеϢ󾱵ļ֮䣬Ȼһ 
ǽƿһ󶴣̳ʯ֮УһɫĹâֱ˵ͷǧһ֮ʻؽ񣬡һ죬޽յײ÷˳ȥĲӹõڵϣȻ󡰶ᡱһǽڡ 
һѾ޽Ǵ֣ҲǴ֡ɫĽƵĹâ 
ѽǱģǽϵƶǽߺ񣬶ʯǽ 
ڻߺʯں󣬻һ֪ 
յ޽£͡һ̺б潫һߵȡһȥԼĲӡ 
ȫѪȴǲӱϣǻڱѡ˾δҡҡͷ·ΪȷԼԴǲǻڼϡȻͷһ۶ǽǰѾ޽ɫʱĲ԰ס 
 
һִֻǽϵƶֵָֻ޳ָ޼ĺ롣 
޳ָסǽڣߺʯǽͬһűֽ㱻˺ 
ǵصĽӿ룬̤صʯ˹Ȼ߽ 
ǿ˿أֿ˿ңȻЦЦҺû 
ʵҲЦЦ˹ɼˡ 
Ȼǻڲ飬Ҫ֡ 
˹˫ָڱ˫ֱŻʵۣأһһֵصҵĵӡ 
˭˺Ҿɱ˭ 
ǻʵҲһ 
̺ȻЦЦ 
˹ѹ£ȻЦ 
Цŵλ˹ 
˹һеĳ衣ļ̣ 
˵ĿڿཻһεĻ𻨡̵˹ʢһȻƷǷ̲ţͽС 
˹ɴصûʱ䡣 
̸Цһ˵ˣ 
˹û˵ 
̿һ۲ǽ 
˹ʱǿֵġ 
˼̵˼ 
˹ûҪõĻᡣ 
ղûɱңʵȻ˵жȻвһҪɱ˹ɱ˹£ֲʵ۶Լӡ 
ȷҪԸ˹õĻᡣ 
̽Ųƶ˹֮䣬ЦȻ㿴ңҾȶˡ 
˵仰ӰһȻѾ˹ࡣٶֱ֮ 
ƷȻӣȴǼߡһֵ˲䣬ѳ֡ 
һԲε⣬һСεն 
һҲᡣҲ֪һе㡣εնĹΧҲΨһǳ֮ǰҪƬ̡Ȼ̵аεնȻȫҪܷ 
˹ֱһΣһѪɫԲεͬʱ𣬾԰εն̶Թ 
С 
˹ƽ죬в֪ʱһѼֳ̫һ˴ĿĵѪɫĵȻѾͣ٣ǵԲεĵ⾹Ȼڰ۲ɢѪɫĵˮ㵴ŤϢ󣬻ûʮֻѪɢص֮С 
صɫҰס֪˹ʮһ˽֡ 
Ϊ 
ѪٲһӼ̵ӿͽ͵ȥԼ˿ڡ 
ѪôֹסѪ 
˵仰͵ȥ 
ϰȥ°Ƭ֮Ҳ򵹡 
۶ǿˣڱɱʱҲе־;š 
ʵ۾ؿż̵Ѫڵ̺ȻЦˡ 
ĺԼЦţ˹أҡ 
Ҿ֪Ҫɱأ˹һֹҡ 
غ 
ԣҲ׼ء 
һֱڿǷǸ׷ˣת 
һ۾ϳ 
ʵı仯ܴԭ԰׵ɫ˵ѪɫƺҲôˡһʱ䱣ò 
ƾɵĻҲ˻ۣĵơΪǻ塣 
Ψһģ˫۾ 
ᣬڰһĿ⡣ 
ͼ̲ͬǿԼɱ˹ĽԿκɱ˹ĽѹУȴԵȻԵá 
ħ˹




ڰ15

       ˹Ŀһʱ˲䣬еѹȻ˹һǰѪɫ档 ˶ûнȻǰӦûм棬ش˿λ֪վԼǰʲôˡ 
֮Ψһĵ֣ΨһԼƥ֮ˡ 
ҵĵܵܡʵ΢Ц˹ 
֪һֱڿ˹һΡھõĻᡣܾġ 
Ȼת˹ɣ 
˹Ŀû뿪˹ֻǿڵ磬¡ҵУһص¡ָһݣΪľµһ̰ɣ 
ʵ۵֪ܾΪҲҵôõĻˡ 
ڣλľ۷״̬ҲԱ֤һԹƽĽκ˲֡ 
˹¶һ˿Цݣ٣ҵĸ磬㻹ǺǰһıԶء 
ȻȻתԻʵۡ 
Իʵۣ˵Լĺȫ¶˹ǰ 
˹ûж 
˹ʵ߹ȥ˵ûұڿܹ˹һսԸ˿̣ҲõĻᡣǣⲢζңΪ㰹ζĹߡ 
ӻʵ߹ֱԼղſŵǷ 
Ҿܾ顣죬ٽ죬Ҳ˹֡ĻᣬҲڷ 
Ϊֹġ 
˵ǽȡǷѻӻó 
ҺϲҪˡԼ̯ӣԼʰɡ 
˵ǽһǽȻҹ紵ӣˬʡķ˸У˹عͷ˹ 
˵ֻҪҲţлύ֣αؼһʱ 
˵仰͵ݳȥӰѾʧ˺ڰ֮С 
ʵ۵ϻЦݣֻЦѾеǿ 
˹ˡ 
ʵ۵ĽЦɿЦߵǺڷǰļȻǰҴˡұΪ˹Źġ 
˺Ȼ˹壬Ҳᡣ 
ڷ̺ͻʵһҲԼǿ˹ѹֻΪȻԶʵۣһڽȫһɢͲز 
˵ȥ 
£ʵѾ̫ˣõѾԼһݡ 
ʵ۵ͷְյ޽ĸŽ棬ǰ˵ĶԣҶҪˣҲǸء 
һӣյ޽ϵĽУת˹ 
֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ҳ˹ΪֻһμңĽԼĽǽΪʵĿĵĹߣ԰ɡ 
˹û˵̹ȥˡ 
ʵһҡ֣֪߲ 
ʵؿ˹ڵ 
ҺǲһҵľҲǹ⽣峤ҲҪԼδҪҵǰ;֮£ЩֻͣСС֮УֻԼеһѽģԼΪҪǵģҵļ壬ҵĹң 
˹ĿϣǻʵۣҶԣֻҪùʢôκֶζûйϵ 
һָأĵӣҵֶ㿴СҺγǣΪûΪùҸǿҿأΪʲôΪ˹۹ʲô 
Ȼһţ˫иһѹ⽣ĽΧĿȻˣд˫ŵĽ 
Ϊʵۣ֪ûǿεġҵĵܵҲһԣ飬ҪԼ˫ 
ʵ´еĹ⽣ббָ棻ұǰ죬ֱָ˹ 
ڣλʥʶһ¹⽣Ľܣ 
˹ĿһͯȻѾõߣ߻ҿĿõľɫʱŻ¶顣ϵĳ޷һ˲˲ؽŻʵۡ 
⽣˫˹Լصĺʵ۱¡ 
ʵ˫еĹ⽣ʽкܴķֱеĹ⽣гʰɫƲɫ绡ֵĹ⽣ɫģϹһ㱡ǳɫѽеκһѿƺ˹õ˫ħӰȻҲǷƷȻҲ̫Զ 
˹ɣ 
ʵ۵ĽԶԶҵδʱѾһƬĻ˹ 
˹һ 
Ȼֶһѽ 
⽣ 
ǹ⽣еˣҲֻй⽣˲Żʹù⽣ҺȻ˹ϰߣúͱһӭСõġյǾ޽þ޽յõľ̫̫նɱ˼̡ڻʵõǹ⽣ҲԹ⽣Ϊ 
ⲻǵΪԷõضҲʮ˽⡣ԣʵԶԶ֣ôͼΪΣա 
⽣⽣ʱûġ 
˹ĳ̫죬Ҹй⽣ӣֻܿǽɫġɫĽĻУ⻪ȥʵֺնֱ⻯ʮ˹ѹȥ˹⽣һʮֽɢʵҲһֳѹԽԽǿһʼֻڵ˵໥̽Ȼ˵ĶԽԽ죬Ӱû˽֮С 
ûн죬ûнƿյĺХҵĽĿäҡغ˶˵˷Ľжܡһһһ裬ݺ䣬ǽϵĻ׷飬һƬѹУϸܵķɻҡ 
ǽϿʼһһĽۣµĵ̺òĲůҹ·ĺͬ͸ǵ˷޿ײ롣⻹˹ͻʵ۾˶ķΧһڽ£ͷʳҡ 
ҵʱʲôֻǽɫǿֱ档 
ֻõ⣬˹ͻʵڽֻǺֵʻӰ 
һʼɫĽ൱Ϊʵõ˫Կǻʵ۵ĽռơôһСɫĽⱻѹƵü˹ĽΪͣصס˻ʵ۵ĹƣɫĽռһҡȻϻâȴ͸İΧ漴ϣסʵ۵˫󣬽ɫĽڽʵ۵˫ѹסȻȴһʱȡʤʵ۵Ľͻҳ壬˹ƺԳ׷סʵ۵Ľ 
ҵᵽ˺صԼѾ֮ԺѾȫʵۺ˹ľһʿһľֻҪһΣ㲻ˡ 
Ȼ䣬ɫĽУֶһɫʡ 
ɫ 
ȵҺ彦ϡѪ 
һ˹ͻʵ۵Ӱٶ˹ˣȻһ֣Ȼ⽣ʵ˹ȥ 
ʵһӣɫĹ⽣ƫ̶̵һָ䣬˹ץסԼ۵½һ漴һһƬ⻪ѣĿУǿĳ¾Ȼɳʮѳ״ 
Щһнٽأ˹һ飬Ȼô죡 
׳ЩȻ죡 
̶̵һ˲УֻüЩƺмѶ̽г̫ƺһս 
ҲֻüЩ 
Щƺʵ۵ģٶҲǺܿ졣Ȼ˹ٶȾͼˡǰУ˳ְղԼڵϵǰѪɫһնʵۣʵһһ˹Ѿſ˵Ծץûüصһ̽նʵֵһȻ˹ӰѾǽߣ˲ǽһӹȥʵֻüֻؽ񡣹⽣ཻ֮ʱ˹ѾһսѸ磬ϵԼ׳ʵۡʵһʼü񵲣Ȼ֮˹ٶԽԽ죬ʵѾ޷ֵ籩Ĺˡ 
һжֻڰκ֮䡣 
Ȼ󣬽ˡ 
˹ͻʵԶʵ۵ɢ˸ֵ 
˵϶Ѫ˹ĳһ°׵ͷ£ѾѪȾ졣 
ʵҪǱĶ࣬ĳѾƬȫʮദ˿Ѫ 
˶ڴϢ޿ײĽȴѾȫɢˡ 
һƬֻõ˴صĺ 
ڣʵ˵ˡ 
ʹ찡ƣȴһ㡣 
ˡʵ۰ѹ⽣ڵϣ˸һ£ʧˡ 
˹˵ 
ˡڹ⽣ϣʼղ㡣 
ߣ䣬ӮӮʵۿһأֿһˣȻ˹ 
ǣʼղΪǴġ 
˹˵ˡһУΪõ۹ǿʢҲΪù⽣һУֻΪԼܻøȨѡ 
ԣҪֹ㡣 
𣿡ʵ˵ΪԼøȨԼûʶأء 
һʼƭԼ˹֪ԼһжΪԼ㻹ģһֱƭԼƭԼ˵һΪԼļ壬ΪԼĹҡ 
ɹˡƭԼԼҲţΪǳ˽Ŀġ 
ڣʱˡ 
 



ڰ16

       ʵ˫ְϥǣڵϡѪɫԽİף׵ķǺڷ߹ȥ߹£¡ Ҹôأʵ̧ͷ˹Ц 
Ҫɱ𣿡 
˹ʵۣ˳ִӵϳһ̽ҲԥǲӦþʹɱ㡣һ˵ıǺѸıģԼ˽ıԣҪҲûʲôܣ԰ɡ 
غȻСʦ𡣡 
ɱ 
ʵ۴Ц벻Ϊҿ˻㡣ҵĺֶҽĻлһǻɱġ 
վۻƵش࣬·Ѿһˡ 
ڵ˹λĴˣҲҸװҡصɬһʵ۱䣬ЩΪ˻λض伫 
˹ضҡ 
˹ǰľµ۹˹Ķң͵µĶҡʱܵǣĲǵ˹һң桢ңԶĹҶܱٶȾս 
˹š 
ʵһֻƹ˵ļ򣬵 
˷ŻʵվվȺ󣬻ʵȴûаַ£Ļףﰺˣ 
һ£شʮ꣬¡ 
ʵ̧ͷ˹綼֪ûжӡʵȻ⺢ӽﰺûϡΪҵ˽ӡ 
һʱҺ͸еŮ⺢ӡȻΪ˻λʼղܸ⺢һݡ 
˹ھš 
ʵۿǽﰺˣĿгο˵Ҽλ֮ܵİ⺢ӴʹԽǱϵĹ⽣壬Ҳ޷ڸ⽣ȻĽǺܺõġǰҾҵӳΪϣεֻһ 
ΪҵĶӣҵĹ֮ǣҵѪ֮Ѫ 
˹ûпڡ 
ʵۼﰺҾʽѺϣϸ㣬ʽҵĶӣǵ˹̫ӣǻλķ̳ˡگͻ䲼 
˵ıûʲôı䣬ƺΪϢ˷ܣֻǵ͵͵Ӧһ 
ǵģ¡ 
һʱ䡣ʵۿ˹ 
һʱһЩ顣һһѷλ⺢λ㿴Σ 
˹עǽﰺˡ 
עλδĻʵۡ˺ܾã̾Ϣһ 
⺢ӵҰģ㻹󡣡 
Ұģֶ̣Ρ 
ǡ˹΢ЦǸ˽ˡǸӺϸĻʵۡ 
ˡ 
ǵģˡǸϣһ۹δˡһ֮󣬷&amp;#8226;ϣѷλﰺ&amp;#8226;ϣλΪµĻʵۡ 
˳һ˵ѷλ󲻵һ¾ȥˡ˵硡˹ٷ˵ǣʱС׹۶˾ǡһܵ˵ںڰ֮С 
ѷλȻҪ»ʵۣͨﰺɿܵķʽ۹ԣﰺ&amp;#8226;ϣıɱ 
Ȼ˵ֻǴ˵ûʲôݵĿѨ硣 
ص˫ۼױϵˡʵ۵Ľȫɱ۵񾭡޷ýʹƣҲֻǿظͨĻܡȻԼź֮˹͵һûʶңԶĵطع 
Ҳûм 
ںܿ֡Ϊһȥġ 
ûǸֻмˣң֪ܡ 
ΪİɱߣЩλһҲ˽ЩλȥʵǸѪȵҹһλײҵĽ档˵ʵҺܸƭҡһں 
ûеõˣõһˡ 
صĸװԼСŮ޸ŵĵܵܰͶΪѾѳְһ뱻۹գһ㽻ɰҹҶ԰ͶܺáͬѾʧȥһӣѰͶԼĶ 
ȻԶԶûнٻصǸѪζҹɡ 
Լһ˻صؼҵġ˹شˣ֪꣬ûļһȥʲôط 
ұʿʱɫѾӽˡҵ¬Ҳš 
Ҹ˿ 
˹ҼʶǿԺ˿ƾеǿ֡ҲܲΪ˿İΣǡ 
Ҹ֪ʲôط밢˹ֵġ 
ȥҰΣӦõһ֪˵ʼĩ֮󣬰ϵƽΪ壬Ͷһĵ׼ɡаͶúõŰȥš 
žڴϣ˫Ŀգɫ԰ףǰźҩ޺ɴĺѾȶҽңһ಻磬ȴɡû˵κҪѪܺ񾭡 
ҪһڲѣԻҽҡ 
ʱѾֲ֧סˡҽֳɵġ 
ҽΪҴ˿ڵʱ¬˽ܵңҵ֣˵ֻôҡ 
ʱҾ룬ֻҪܱţǵңҲûʲôϵɡ 
˿ڴ꣬ҡҡλεػصԼĿͷȴҵĴѾһˡ 
ңһ۾Ϳ˿Ҹæغ÷ţȻ߹ȥ 
ҵĽŲ˿ҡ 
һӽסˡ 
˿ϣһ˿ڡ 
˿ںҲܳȻˣǱضһ̺ۡ 
޷˿һ̺ۻʲôӡˡ 
Сĵǰ֣ȥǵ˿ڡ˿ЦЦҵ֡ 
ûµġ˫ƺɫ۾ңĿο㻹ţ̫ˡ 
Լǰ֮˹ȻҪס˿ֱˬһʼֱӸ˿ȥ˿֪ҺΣպļھɱ֡˹ΪԱѴ˿˵ľƽָա 
ѾͷȻҲܲȥ˿ݺݵ˵ǿѹƣصҪڴɸꡣ 
ƽ֣ʡ 
ƽָƨ˿˵ӦӮˣô˵ԿҴɣֻƤˡ 
ȻָԼϵ˿ڣɫȻȥ 
ԿȽϴ󣬾ƽְɡ 
֮˿Ҵҵظϻؼңʿǣֱҵķ䣬ѾˡʱҲѾ޷ѹƣֱҵķ˯һ 
˿ȻʲôһһѾסҵӣװͰ͵صҡ 
Ϊʲôң 
ɶһ㶡 
ҵܵ𣿡ʵ 
Ҵסô֪ 
ô˵Ŀ 
Ӧǰɡ 
˹ȷʵѴͬˣ˴֮ҲڶԷڲм֡ضԼ鱨Ѱҽʱɳȥ֮Уһܵҵġܺܿͱ˹֪Ҳ϶˿ĵܵǹ⽣ءںն˿Ϊҳ˵˿ҽĻءǵ˹Ĺϵȥ 
Ȼ˿ʱǿڿŮְ˵˳˿εȴˣһô¡ 
ô˵ҲǸˣ 
˿ſңڴϣǿЦ 
 



ڰ16

       ô˵طʵԼļҿ˿С˵ƣ£Ӧûɡôʲôأ ˿ֱһᣬҵһ⣬һŵĴϡ˿ЦǿЦǿĵĴЦ 
ʲô㣿Ѳһ𣿡 
һϣ˫۾Ӹµؿңһңûʲôı䡣ҵĳΣĹүǣһҵȭͷȫҸ飡 
Ȼ´ߵߣƿ˴ӡ 
úϢɡԺ㡣 
ôϲ𣿡ҼѵЦšȫ˿ڶʹ˿Ѿˣֻӵ 
һڴһڴ˯ȥֱڶĸԭƺͨҪһЩʱʹص˿ڶѾˡ֮ؼ졣 
磬˹Ȼá߰زٻˣ 
طԼĹλȥӵѹǲû˵ʲô 
ң뿪ΣҲһʺֵطˡ 
һжˡµҲӦǽˡ 
ǹµĽ֣ôȻȴҲ̫㡣 
¬һص档¬˵ļңϣصĵط˵ֻһ 
֮󣬹ȥ˺ƽꡣƽ仰Ϳ˵ꡣ 
˿Ȼ쵼һִķ֯ʱʱõ˹Ļͷʹһ¡żҡ 
ȥһԼѾˡ 
ͰͶ˻飬˵ĸܺáȻбŰ޴Ʋ⿨ŵĹϵҲƲ⡣кܶ಻ɸ˵ܡ 
ڱȵİ£ޱɹذٴηӡ˱ͼĸ󻼱ȥˡʱġ 
ٻʵѷλȻȥﰺ&amp;#8226;ϣΪ˹۹µͳߡں̵ܶʱշ˻ҰĵĹǣԼͳʱ 
˹һҲƺΪʦ𣬵УҴѧ˺ܶණѾ޷ټ̳ĽҪиܼ̳ԼĴˡ 
ҲΪǸϸѡһѧˡ 
ǰѰ߹ѣﰺյնϵľ޽Ұ棬ૹ۶ͣµһϵƽۺͻ۶ˣһһΣ 
һоӦʱô 
ڣһǶµʱҳ룬һжǸʱöð 
ǻصĵ߸ͷʱսһαˡ 
Ǳ͵˹ҲͰ顣һҪԵǹͬĵˡ 
αװߡ 
 



1

       ȻѾˣǺȡֱʱֲ΢ˬڿСϪĵطһƽأ֧ ߵնҪ죬Ӻնߵ۹Ҫʮһ졣ǲŸո߹һ·̡һһɺƽȻ˵ڿ˹۹ı߾شѾ˶Ҿ硣αװϮ䣬ȽСĳûбɱ˶Ⱦ£ΪµαװߡһѪȵߣֹؽɨ½ 
 
¬ӲԶɭ첲¼һ֦ʯͷں̲£ȼӪɫĻ谵ȥķͷ֡ 
ܲİ¬һ߷Ŵ֦ϵĿһңɫ۾УԾ鶯ҵЦЦûС 
Ҳϣ¬飬ƽУҺ¬һνι̵ꡣ 
ǵģꡣ 
ֻͨѡ˵ֻ¬ѡ 
ȻǶԣֻһѰˡһЩҹߵʱ̣ϣ¬ܹǴǰӡǸʱһԼҲܺá 
ֻҪ¬Ҹͺá 
Ȼ¬ƺ롣ʼ缢ƿʵض飬ѧϰһйع֪ʶκ˶뿴ΪеʹࡣȰȴطҡ 
ΪʲôҪƭԼأ 
ǹڹױͺ٣漰˼ӰȫûС¬ΪһѧרңǶԼʧȥǲּ䣬޲ߡ 
°¬вĵ׷ʡҿЦһ¡ 
¬ΪʲôһҪأڱ߽ǱǺΣյİ 
¬ЦЦѿݸң˵ 
¬κ˶Ҫ¬ֻ뾡Լȥеˡ 
˯Ĳ̫ʵһƬŵĺڰ֮Уһ¬೤ĺʱĵ˯﷭˸Լ˯š 
ҵĶʱһ 
Ų 
صĽŲԶҾСĵӡ 
¬Ȼ˯Ҿκ˯£𽣣߳ 
ܺõɫҷӣϸŽŲķ 
ûдֱ߶ 
̲ϺܿûʲôصĵطҸɴ²Ӫ£š 
ܿ죬һߴ˶ӰӺڰиֳ´·ֱ߹ܸе˴ƣȴоĵ⡣ 
ţһϤĴֺɤгҵ֡ 
ǲǰ 
ҾϲرһӪϿȥӭ˵ֱ۽һ 
ӣˣô㰡 
ͷ󺹣ܸеɢЦţҵߵߣ³ףֱСϪȥǺ˸Ȼʹϴ˰ٰͷʪػصӪԡ 
ҿ׷ˡ¬Ҳһɣ𵶵ҶһѾ˸װƵƤӡ 
˵αװ߳û֮Ҿȥµĵطе㵣㣬ȥૡ˵¬Ѿȥ˹ˣҾͿʼϵ׷׷ˡˡһ˵һơȻһĨֻͣʣһСľƴҡҺһֻ֮ʵǰͼ峤ôô뿪أ 
ٺ١Ӳ֪һѬ⣬Ҹ֦һʼӪ 
飬гǲľ͹ˡ˵ڰͼܴĺһˣµĻҲ˭ 
ЦЦͼ峤Ȼµ߸ŲǰȢİ 
˻𣿡ЦʡӵͷţͦõġҲðɣ¬Ҳͦõģ 
һС˵¬Ҳá 
˵̫ˡűÿ˯¬̽Դ 
ҹģ㡭 
¬һϲֻᱡ˯ȹ¶šҺͲӵ۾̵ϴ¬һƬ֮ٳʱѾ롣 
ѽôˣ¬Цеԣʲô¶ûһֻһְֻ̽ĽϡӵǺǣ벻ôûˣ㻹һϳء 
ȻˡҼԺܺõġ¬ȻعͷؿһۣĿΡ 
ǸҼǵÿһˣȴƫƫǵ㡣 
 



2

       ˾ʱŵﱴ˹ı߽硣Խ߽ĵط̾Խϡ٣ҲԽĻһЩѾȫķˣһ˵֮䣬ֻҰȮѻʳһЩݶûʣ£ֻһƬͻҽ αװߵĽô·һճһƬƽصĴׯʱһֱĬŵĲӺȻʵ¬ͷšһ 
αװ߾ʲôӵģšִֵüë¬ҡҡͷһ˿ûʲôǵ鱻ŤˣӡֻеѪĿȻʱ򣬲Ż¶ͬħһĿûзʱʲô 
ѣ飬ˣֵܣãĸŮߵÿһˣʱܶݺצӣ˺顣αװ˿־֮Զ֪˭ǵˣ֪ԼǷѾΪαװߣֻеаһ˲䣬һжѾ̫ٵһ˲䵽ʱŻ֪ 
Ϊʱ 
Լ°ϵĺ룬ţ֮ǰûа취αװߴ֮ͨϳ𣿡 
ѡ¬˵ǻԶԶࡣаµ飬ƽʱصĺǡǡԴ֮ 
˵⻰ʱ¬Ҳüͷ֪ʲô 
Դ֮ΪԼʧȥļˡ 
ΪҶˡ 
ʱѾӽƻʱ֣ϦԶĵƽϣɢǿ첽ƬڵĲԫһˮԴƽ̹طӪʱҸõǺѵģѾϰҰӪȻ뿪ǱٻٵĴӲú鷳ȴһҵǡ 
·ӭһʿԼʮ˵ӡ鷳Զ·ߣʿȴͣˡ 
Щʿе˹ӻռǵĿףǿ׵ʽͳһֻжǵ˹ľˣǶЩʲôͷһ֪ҶԵ˹˿п̹ǵĳޣȻҲûʲôӡΪ׵ʿͿɫףųضĸƻ硣󲽳߹ĳʼϵϡ 
ʲôˣ 
ʿһ³شţһժͷǸʮݸ߸ɫĶ̷ͺ룬һ鷳顣 
¬ڲǰ飬ʱݿܻе㲻㡣Ҿ΢Цţߡ 
˵ʿڵһ֣ʲôƨߣʱﻹߣǶαװ߰ɣƭ˵۾ 
ȻĿ䵽¬ϡ 
ߣиǶǸƺӵһǾĲˣʿ°ͣԼɽӣһУʿ߹ 
ɱαװߣŮʡ 
ǲαװߡ˵ԼŭһԲڱľ޴ͼڣ¬ǰ 
ĶӳڣһʮһʿҪֵĻÿҪԸˡһ֪ǷкӡĶ⼸ʿֶ 
ֻ 
ƨʿֱشҵĻ˵ǣԹ 
˵Űγ˳Ȼûоһֻ־Ͱס 
ȷʵŪˡ 
һʿεذλ׵ͷֻõӰе˫ۡ 
ſ֣쵰Ҳǡ˹ءĶӳŭ˵ 
ʶˡſϵʿƽ˵λǰҡһԨԴأ 
˵ժͷɫͷϦԡǸʮ˾ҵ꣬òеŮӡֻǴͳĺ΢΢͹ĺϣҲܿ϶Ůװ 
졣ȴ벻 
Ȼע⵽ſϵʳָϴһöָָװһССͼէһƺǸһĶȻһ۾ϳʲô 
һС 
ͶҾϲؽг 
ϴμʱһոʮĺӣѾΪһʮ˾꣬仯ʵ̫ˡҶǺкøеġ 
ΪӦѾǰɷˡ 
صãҲ˿á 
Ҳҵá 
Ϻݺݵؿһۣ½ҼȻг˰Ͷ֣ôҺͰͶȻʶͶеλͣӳǵ 
ʿ˿һվסŲȻǶҪͲһе˵ļһｻ飬ҲǺܻ 
ǰͶ˰ΪʲôأϸɰͰ͵ʵ 
˵αװֵ߳飬ҪһҿһۡͶ֡ 
ˣøˡ 
𣿡ʡ 
ţܺáͶ˵ȻѹظҲܺãǰûżĹ 
ⳡ˵ͻأҺͰͶкܶ໰ҪʶԷڼ򵥵Ľ¬Ͳ֮󣬰ͶǸпϵļһֱҵǵӪȥ̸¬Ͳӵͬˣϣķ·ܵγˮ 
 



3

       ͶĶһСʱңǵפӪءΪķߵӪΪֹԸ֮ɭֶġڣ˹۹֮Ҳֻ֪ĹģԶԶĴķ߾ͬһС򣬵ͼ׵ľݡפľ˱عƳˡóαװߵĳ֣۹Ƿǳӵġ Ͷ߽Լ񡣴ĹģСӦѾǵ˹еĸ߼ˡͶһʿԸ˼䣬ʿ˳񡣶Ͷкϯ£ҲҶ棬Ȼ̾˿ 
治Ӧʱ 
ôͶǡڽӪصʱҾѾֲͬѰɱաͶȻû˵ʲôǵ۹ʵѾ߾״̬⸽ʵѾΣˡ 
ֻαװ߰ˡӲΪȻ˵һѵףֻһ䱡ɴšˣŴŵĺȻϴĶͷϹһֱ޷˷⣬˿Ӱʲôںơ 
ҵͷαװȻܼ֣һ¶֮ҪƺҲ¡۹ӦòôŰɣ 
ͶЦ֧ȻԸαװߵģʵ񡣡 
˵Ȼͣסˡ 
ô˵Ӧڵ˹ĻܡǱϾˡͶȻΪᣬһʱѿ˵Щ˵ĻǼʱסˡҲͲٶʡ 
֮뿪ɡصȥҪǰˡ 
һûشһƿϴʮʿһӵ롣Ͷɫһ䣬վʲôҵӪʣ 
һȻʶǣҲܾȫǡһǽа԰ɣҸղѾдźϱʵ۱£ڻʵ۱µָʾ´֮ǰ˭Ҳ뿪 
ҵһͶ˵ĲȷʵѾΣпϵʿǹ߹ٻ߻ڲԱȻȻֱʵ۵ȨɼֱֻӶԻʵ۸ġ˹ǰǿľµ۹αװߵĻ϶ֻʵֱϽľ񲿶ӡ 
ֻôʲôΣҶںӵҲ˽⣬Ҳ㹻ӦκΣգ¬ 
̧°Ϳǣǵǲαװߣҿǻרҵħʦɡ 
Ͷüëһ壬˵նС㣿 
ߺߣСӺĻŵбŰͶȻ٬ؿ¬ 
ôƯС椣Ǹαװߣɱе᲻ 
ӺȻվ 
ֻվִ࣬۾ſϡס죬Ȼһ 
һʿҲ˼мؽһ롣 
ҶܵѹĬԵĴھʱ̶̫ע⣬ƺûʲôڸСȻϾǰͼ峤ҪʱҲԴеϡ 
㡭Ҫʲô϶˶񣬴˵ 
Ҫȥӵͳ˵ϵɫ仯Σû˵һ֣ʿ˳ȥ 
һʿҲ˳֮󣬲ӲͶҲߺߵ£̫ˣҵϼҲ㡭 
Ͷ¬˵ 
ţͶ¬¬ԥһ£ʵղᵽնС㣬ħʦ԰ɣ 
ԡһ쵽ŮˡͶĹĵ˵ 
𣿡¬˵롭 
ûҪǲαװߵġͶ˵ 
¬ҡҡͷ̸̸лҪ˵ 
ڹ񡣡 
񣿡ͶɫЦվߵߣļ 
ǰ񡣡˵Ͷ̧ͷңǺ͹ʲôϵ𣿡 
˵ͻˡЦŻش 
 




4

       ˵֮ԨԴ³˼֮⣬ܱȵҺ¬ʱطһõĻ⡣ͶҲʣֻǵȻ¬ô˵ǾǸŮһ˰ɡ ҵ̫ϲλ 
նͶƫͷնǲ̫ϲ 
ħһ൱ѧʡûоʱĿ̿ѧϰǼյġһ˵ħʦԺиֳһʮꡢݡŮ˲ܰͶϲȻ顣 
ҲΪΪӡԼնСʱҲŻһ 
ƿһλʮҵŮĲߣȳƶһͷںڵ㷢ͷ̳ɷ٣ڶǳѵشͷֺϸüëһ˫гëĴ۾һɵǳɫۣкܿɫơ 
ϣͶǺءŮΪȻһۣʵ⼸λѣ 
ǰͶվλǰλǰͼĲӴˣλ¬С㡣 
ȻӲλǼϰħʦնС㡣ģҳȥе顣 
ѡϰҧúءն΢Ц߹һһ֣Ͷǵִ̬ȡͶҴ˸кתȥˡ 
ǺǡͶ̫ϲҡնЦЦȻʵҰɣʲô𣿡 
ҺͲӿ¬¬ͷСնС㵥̸һ̸ 
ðɡվǳȥߡ 
ԥһ£ͬˡȻΣգǾӪڲӦûǰȫġնҲûκв¬İȫο¬Ҳߡ 
߳󣬲ӾͿʼ½ʹȷ硣йһʿʵ⸽ˮԴ 
ǱߣɭûԶСϪ 
εЦЦҲˣҵȥ졣 
ȥɡ޿κΡһ̵ܵˡǸηˣȴʼտ˷ʹࡣҲ뿪Ͷ̫Զֻڸʿ֪ǰͶĿˣҲʣӪй䡣 
һȺʿڲԶĵطΧһȦҴչȥԭսѵһһ˶ߵľ׮ϽزŽ͸ˮĴڵϡʿһýһóìϰս 
ǳֽʿһӹȥ濳ľ׮סˡһΣԼһӵڵϣһЦ 
 
üͷȻſֳ߽ʿֱһƣһ 
ҵġﱿϳ 
ȣ 
һ֮䣬ľ׮ɾնΣϿƽһһȻƢã汾µġľ׮ӣնʱԥͻᱻסһնľ׮ɼĽȷʵͬһ㡣 
֮ˣʱ 
ŽȻĹˣȻȺеҡ 
Ǻǣⲻǰ𣿿ԽҲȤء 
ûд𻰡 
ôҲŽҪҪҽһأһּΪƵĿ⿴ҡҡҡͷˡûȤ 
İɣЦţʵ۱µû´֮ǰҲɱġ࿳һ첲ûʲôϵҲǸ 
ױʿŸЦ 
Ҳԡ 
ǸСǸûõķﵨС˵󣬵塣ҡҡͷת뿪ǿϵļױȴסҡ 
㻹Ǹ𣿡һһɫ̥ǵʿЦһѣƽȺΧĿյ 
Ҿ˵ǸŽбۿңﶼͷѣͶҲǸޡ 
ҳ̾һһȻᣬϾǵ˹ĸ߼١ǴӰͶϿǣҲ֡תһ룬˹ĻʵҶҰνô־Ͷְɡ 
νϴ˵ 
ɡ˫΢΢ִֿࣺҪʱһνġ 
ǲβϴЦţʿеһƬ 
ȻȻһնұۡ 
ܺáֻǰԲһ㡣 
ҽ˫ۣ۾׼ȷز׽ָϱ۵Ľơ񶾵Ļ쵰Ĵ㿳һ첲ء 
֣ĽһжҵľϣʳָĴָ׼ȷסĽ档 
СȻ˵޷Կġ 
齣 
Цֹͣˡ۳УϵʯɳɢȺȥϵ۾¶־ɫ 
㡭㾿ʲôϵ͹ 
ǿϧҵ˵ѽǰѲĺýء 
ȷѽܾҲܵƽ羵һ˿۶ûС 
ָһ֣žһˡ 
ֻϧѺýС 
ѣ齣Ŀʧȥƽᣬ岽ڵϡҶеİضϽԻһѽںȻԺȤˡ 
 



5

       ɱĶϽָңαװߣɱ û˶ǼױȺ֮СܻؽϽһˤеҪΥ𣿸ɱ 
Ҵ߷ǿĶƽ 
ҪɱңԼ 
ϴҵĶؽסܸܵľţķŭĿ־Ĳ֪롣ָоʵѹ˹ͱϲųԼסˡ 
ǰһϵڱˡɫҰףŴֻ۾ضҵ֣Ӷôڴϵ׶졣 
ʱǰƽһпܵ 
ϲһˡֻһԸĻ쵰ˡ 
ҽɢͬһֵͷʱֲŵõһ̱ڵϣɴɵĺˮͷϻϪҲⱰ΢Ŀ棬תߡʿǰĬóһͨ· 
òҺϲָоֽ˵еĸоƷԷĿ־ĸо 
һᾡΪֿ־;Ҳ 
ںܾúܾǰŮǰʱ˿ͱȵʱ԰ͿʱЩԸ䣬ȴ޷ǵʱҲ־;֧䡣 
ͬǣھεʹû֮лѧѿ־תΪתΪ־ 
ҹһڰͶʱͶң˵ѿϸѵһء 
ҴӵһҧһڣЦЦһ½ˡ 
¬ЦЦû˵̫ذɣ 
û˵˵Ȼһ¡ 
ܾû¬Цˣַĵ΢ЦҺȻ쾿ն˵ʲôҾǲʡ¬ԸҷϲõĻ˵ġ 
ûʲôθڣֻǲͣغȾơһֻϺͼ鿾⡣ƽʱʳ㶫춼ܸоѹ֣Ϊȡ 
ʲô£˸ʲӡӸɿһ˴һܡ 
Ŷô֪ 
ʱ㲻ڡ 
ȥӱߵʱ򣿡 
ӵͷ 
˭ 
֪˵ 
ι˵ø첲ͱһ£ò˰ɣ 
ҺͲ˽ｻֹ˴Էʵں˽ĶսǼǿģҶҪܽСӦȴͷ 
ţˡ 
ЦɡҾȵʣʲôӮ㣿 
˵˲֪Ӵ˵ 
ҺˣҲ֪˭ֻһУˣһʧӡߺߵ˵ 
ðɡ̾˿˳ʲô 
ӵ¶ֹŹֵı顣 
ܸߣе֡ҡôоҲǸˡ 
Ұ쿨ЦִĶͷ˵㲻˰ɣôôأ 
Ӻһҡ 
ڶ峿Թ緹¬ֱȥնˡŮ˹ϵƺͶѲҲ뿪ҸȥӪɭ˰СʱĽ֮󣬲ӾʹҪȥӱһ¡һ˰Ӫߡ 
һɻһֱǻͷפڰķߵĵ۹ӹģ˾޴󣬵ƺȴûһߵָߡȻнϸߵĵλֱʵۣ϶֧ӵָӹ١ǻʵۣҷ˲ŻѾȨֱӵļһȻֱֵ֧ľȻǸصָӹǴڵġֻڵݣ޷ھӪ߶Ҳ޴ȥѰصָߡ 
Ȼָȴҵҡ 
һոµĳʱһɫ׵ʿСĵߵ󣬾Ϲ 
ܷһ¡ 
ȴĳֲҿܵĳɷ֡ûж⣬һе㲻ҴӦˡӪصĸغһ۾ע⵽Ƕ 
˹ӵľۿʽΣ϶ͳһĻɫ÷ⶥѩ׵ӪʾԵøۡǷľӪʲͬⶥ񲻵ϲᱡİɫ˿񣬶ǰԲεģһָɵĸо 
ʿһ롱ơ 
Һ˽ȥ 
ɢİɫ̺ҿ˿Լմѥӣԥһ¡ʱһºͶ˵ 
ûϵЬɡ 
ɴɵĻ仰һֻѩɵСƿ 
Ȼֵֻŵߵǰ 
ʮ꣬һͷں˳ĳžµķҶν𷢿ͷ˿һɫˮһ˫ɫ۾·Ȫ۰峺ףѩףĸһǳɫĳȹỬĳȹԽµĲɫԽþȹ͹ԳġȹӵһкܸߵĿ棬Բ޳֡ 
ܸ˼㣬һֻ֣һ 
֧ӵָӹ٣˿&amp;#8226;ߡ 
ȫûòҵעԴ˫ںڳеĳļϡ 
ħˡ 




6

       ˿̧֣ԼĶ䣬΢Ц е⣬ǰɡ 
ҵͷȷʵ⡣֧ӵָӹǸŮ鱾ͺ˾ˣŮ˾Ȼࡣ۹Ļʵۻһ֧˵ĲӽһħŮˣ˵ȥĻ˻Ϊڽλ 
˿ҵָ֡ˮȻܸоϸָ̺ 
ǣ޵塣΢΢˫ۣҵƣָĦҵƤƺָͨĴһϡ䱦̬ЩȻȴԵʮִ󷽺Ȼڣſҵֻ֣һƬ˻ζĴС 
ɡ˵ת߽ȥһ£Ҳ߽ 
ɴĻҵǰһ 
ǰģһƬïܵɭ֡ɭеľҴδЩ϶ĸߴֲ֦ҶһƬʵƽ̹ʵأһҶͷһƬīɫա 
ⲻ棬ǰ´½ϵκεط 
ɭȵˮ˿ת΢Ц 
̩ҵĹ磬Ҳ˵ħ硣 
ȻһжֻǻʵǻһССһ۵Ů˵һһͷǳɫСɭ߳ʮ꣬żɫĶȹŰ۵Сš 
żȻұҼǵһعͷһɫƤ׵ıȡ겻Ӻϴηʱȫûб仯 
ҺȻһĸоȻ˶Ҿ޶⣬ܸоõͬʱҲо˿϶һʱ˽ġ෴Ҹоרڵҵĵ 
ðɣҿһСŮģıȡҲǿҵˡ 
ǵҪʲôأ 
ڻش֮ǰҪ֤ʵǴȹŮ˵ҷ۾ҲǺɫģ˿޺죬ǻһǳɫӨ峺ͬɫˮ 
ҵҿԼ֡ 
ǵġ˵ѾϿʵȻǲȫҪʵҪ֪㾿ܰѿӳ١ 
ѵҿ˱һۣǲǴҺλ˽һɣ 
ȿҵ˼΢Цţҡ 
ҡȹŮ˵Ų֪ȡһɫϸȣȵһ˵һֻ΢Цèͷ⿴죬һʱ벻Ůȵһڵػܸӵͼ 
ͼһԲΣŮе͵͵Ҵδгģһɫϸߴͼӳ 
ҪȫԸЦŶ˵ 
Ȼġ 
ϸı֣Ȼʶʵһߡ 
һռѷ졣 
ţһ˫צһֲڵĴֱԵĴѷм˳ץסռѷߣһһ̶ļХһߴĹѷпҵǰ 
һܸߣҪ߳һĸ߶ȣָ׳Ϲһܴĺɫ飬ɫģһͷҵĵɫһųªûüëӱƽֻССԲ۾̿һĳĹâĶϣһԼĺɫǣ׳ϱҲǴ͹ 
ĲӡϼᣬȴһܲƵĴơƶǣһĺɫſ㣬Űȣһ˫޴ĽŰ塣ÿԭɫϣҸһѳ 
һ￴ݣȴһɼǿۻơƲȵĶ˵ļҲͬ˹ǧһɭĽ˹ֽ˸еǼĺڰ⡣ 
һû 
ޱ޼ʣ޾޿ײ룬޿ɵ 
˫۾ۣȻתȹŮţһǼһͬ𣿡 
ţ˵ 
УҲǸѰˡﲻмɨңû˼ 
СĻܻԿͷŶ˿΢ЦţǹĿۣȻιʲôְ 
ʱ˵֮ǰӦȱԼ֡˵һһʱִ󺣰ƾӿȻѹҵĶ־߰Ǽһ۾ˣϸضңȻֿЦˣ 
ŶǺǣе˼ 
˵ְγҲĳ 
Ӿǿ˹Ǻˡ 
ҳ 
 




7

       Ҳһսˡ˹ңֻеһѧαʹԼʱŻǿǱνĳϣһᾡν Ȼǰп˹ĹȴһĪĶ־ܸеԼÿһ⡢ÿһѪܡÿһ˿񾭶˷ܵսţһս 
ġˡ˹˵ 
Ȼˡ 
޳ĵһ磬ֺ˰ƴӿľˣһӭԼȫĹڷظ赶пѪ⣬һķѹԽһ˴ݿ塣 
ӽ˵ǵҺ˱ܿâȻŻ 
ûС 
ҽ˳࣬ȡӭſ˹ĵƳȥ 
Ȼ˫ۣԺնֱ 
Ȼûзκ 
û𶯾Ͳǵȫһ˿ΧĿҲ˹ѹƣصü̡ 
ܸе˹ױȵǿ治һһ޴ѹӵϴ͸Ľ͸ҵ˫ۣҵǻײҵࡣҵ·һֻ޴ס߬ɿ߬ 
ҰȫѹڽϣˮһһӿԽԽԽԽء 
ڣҵγӿ֮ļ϶ 
ѾδҲ׽̶̵һ˲ĻᡣĦʱĴ̶죬ƿ˿˹ĳбնļͷ˹ӵ񵲣ٴײ 
ʦָҽʱǾɵ˽ѸݵĹٶȡȻҸ˹ѧʱ˹ңʦǴġ 
ֽѧȷģѧǴġΪںܳʱڳɳԵʡ 
ܴ֮࣬Ϊļ޻ͬġ޽ӽ£ȻǽΪٶȽϿһռơ 
Ȼ㲻ͬ㲢Ƿ׵Ѫ֮ԷӵҪ˵ȷʽԼޣȥֵܵˡ 
ĽӦǷӾܵĽӦǼֱӵĹԽǼֱӵĽԽЧ 
Ȼ˹ָҵʱ򣬿϶Ҳϵһ˹Ķ֡ 
һԶԶҸǿĶ֡ҵѾΪơ 
ĵһ򵥣ֱӣЧҧؿ֧ţףӲӲĴȥò˶ҾҪ군ˡ 
һν˹ɽһصĵƿ֪֮ұ취ˡ 
ֻϧ˼Ļ᲻̫ࡣ˹ٶԱҿö࣬һ嵶նæӦֻǼ򵥵ĺǿֲǿƣ˹ܲӦһ 
˹ڵ״£ô 
ҺȻ⡣ 
˹ĽߣڽʶҲΪ̡ҵָҡп˹ļһٴӽ϶˹ 
ȻˣҲ϶ǳԼƣҺ˹뷨һԼƷӵ¡ 
˿˵κδڣض㡣 
뵽˹㡪һܴ㡣 
ֺͿ˹ӲƴǽֵĵطԲɵķΧڲƤƷɣҵ˫ڵһĽӡǰѿ˹Ĳ£ҵĸ첲㲻ҲҪѾʡȻӲӲĴ򷨣Ҳ˹һӡ 
һִӡ 
˹ĽҲֱֱȥĨǵĽʹֽˣӴҲȽֱǱֻǺֱ 
Ըˡ 
ȻõҲֽȻǰߵĿһ·ӡֻλ˹ԴֱֱȥĽ· 
ʣµģǵȴˡ 
ҵڿ˹Ĺ·ɿšڣ˹ٴһµͷֱն 
Ҿٽӭ 
ڵķײɲǣɿ֣ǰһ 
˹ȻûϵһȻ֣ϵѾʵһҵĽڵأԼӴҲɵǰһ 
ҵִ˵ 
˹ϣҸһѳȻֻҲǰѵ 
ҵִĵ 
˹ҪʲôһѾ˳ȥҪջˡ 
ܵغˣȻһˣҾ͸ɵؽһѵ˳ 
ѵѰĳҪغܶ࣬Ҳ֡ù˾޽˵Ȼʮ˳֡ 
һ 
˹һؿϣһ˺ۣѪ˳ 
ֻƤ֮ˡ̷òǹõĳ϶Ƕ֡ 
ûУֻǴؿҡ 
ȻЦˣЦ 
ˣЦţָң࣬һ˵ңˣ 
Ȼһʼ˫Ӯҡ 
ǡʵʵ˵һʼ˫ҿ϶Ķ֡ 
һ˫ĻҸҴƱ˹Ķ֡ 
˹ȻǿȡɲսʤңȻϿʵ 
תͷ˿һڸղӲҶʮʵȷʵͬСɡ 
ҾȻӲʮԼšֻԼʹղסе 
ǳϵĽ˿̾Ϣš 
ܾԺҲΪζ̾Ϣ 
۶ôǿվ޷עˡ 
 



8

       ȻʱҶԼһ֪˹ʰҵĽңҲݻĳ 㲻˹ЦţųªЦһҵļ磬ЩֱڵϡȻתȹŮӻ֣ǣȻȥˡط˲ 
򿭵ٴʺáȹŮ˵˹ͷȻӰıģʧڿ֮С 
ðɡҸеֽشлָҿ˿ֿһ۱ȣ 
ڣڹĺͿ棬ǲȨ֪أ 
ǵġ˿ظҡ 
ڣһ࣬㽫һкһеĽ㼴ϵġ޷ıҲ޷ӱܵˡ 
ҺȻеһ˿šԿ˹ʱֽţսʱֽš 
ǿ־Ľš 
δһֱһֱϵĿ־塣һСվһڶĶѨſڡ 
ԭʼĿ־壬δ֪Ŀ־塣 
һе鶼㣬֪ģ㲻֪ġǵ˵һ֮㽫ʹΪҪδ˿̾ϢûѡҲûС 
ȻЦһ£Цͬˮеѩ˲ڻˡ 
ҲҲ㻹һѡɱҡ˵֮ǰ 
˰һ֪ҸģĿǳҸģҸġ֮Ҹġ 
ǣڸһ֮һĨļ䣬㽫ǵҶ˵Ļֻе㾭һеʱŻ 
Ȼ˿һжҡ 
Һʹ࣬ʹüҺܾȫľýס˿ţҪ޸ҵˡ 
ǲɸıġ 
һɱ㣡 
㲻ᡣҵ˲Ľ¡ 
ɱ㣬ǲǾͻı䣡 
ǵġǸıֻҵˣȻ޷ı䡣 
ҪŸıˣҲɱΪˡ 
ҵĽ洩ĳۣ̽ؿڣѪ͸ 
΢Цţҡ 
ɱҰɣҴɱнѳɡŤת˵Ĺ 
һ̴ࡣѪҵϣҵĽ滩ȥ 
ȻҷԼһŰǰϯض˿Ҷ棬һڵǰ 
Сɽ׵Ĵɱտ̵ĲˮƯһƬҶҶˮ磻طתţˮƮơ 
Χѩ׵ɴʣǽ׵ĵ̺û̩ɭ֣ûˮûп˹ûбȣûȹŮ 
ûʹ࣬ûоûеĵͶδĲԤԡ 
˿Ҷ棬Ȼţһ˿˵ĺۼɫ˿ʳϣҲûб˺ѵĺۼ 
ǳлԸң˿˵ 
ҡҴӦʲô𣿡ɻʵ 
ǵģӦˡ˿΢Ц 
ȻҴӦˡһȥķӡƻԭҴӦЭ˹ر鲿ӡ˹ءĵ鹤 
ҴӦˡ 
ֻǣʲôʱӦأ 
ûʳ 
ҺǱ裬Ȼ˿˼䣬͸ˡҪ˹һб߽Ѳӣ컹Щ׼Ҫ 
ߺϼ 
ôôҼǵҽʱ糿 
ҡҺȻʲô 
Ҽ˿ʱϵĳƺɫġ 
ںܾúܾǰո߳ʱңԶ̩ϣѾ˸߶ȷħ 
̩һĵط̲ȡ֮ԴͱءҲΪˣ̰Ŀע 
ڣսʼˡ 
пᡢѪȵսǿΪ˾ȡ໥ɱ 
ս˵Ĳп飬ǿʼ̩֮Ϊħ硱 
󣬾ŸǿǿߣڴЭ飬̩ͬǵ 
ȻͿҰ޷ָԼСС㣬һηս̩ںն뿨˹쵼·𷴿գͿ̩Ȼ̩Ҳ޷ٳܸѹķѵĻˡ 
󲿷̩ǳرѣֻ̩˻Ŷ԰Ϳĳӵ 
˿֮һ 
磬˰´½ƾԼĴǺ޷ħȡǿ۹˹۹ҵΡңԶĹȥ֮Уһֱռʦڰŵ۹ 
Ȼ󣬹αװǣӺڰ෢ս걻ܣӡڵ¡ 
˿Ϊ˹̷ӡ鵱ʱĵ۹ʵڷӡ֮Ϊȶ˵ĺ̲ϣ˾޴ءħ̩ʯӹ̷ӡ 
Ȼ˿ʵĿģ̩ʯհΪؽ̩׼ 
һ̩˶кôļƻ̩ʯմʱҲв磬̩Ҳٴؽ̩˿ط԰ 
Ȼֻ˿Լ֪ 
ֻǶԿп˵ͽѡ 
ҪһУڻǷˡδ֪׹ڱȶ˸ıߣһжʼ졣̩ʯհʼӡٶ͸磬дкڰ˱Ϊצ 
ÿ˶Լˡ 
죬Ѿע 
죬ڽѾע 
޷ӱܣ޷ı䡣 
ֻھȥܡ
 



9

       紵ɢΧľһѱϣŶʮ˹۹ʿһɳ̳ɴ·ѲӡͶߵһƥϣǰŶǿϡμʱϵ̬ǫ˺ܶࡣ һɱĶ񹷳ʱݺݵһҲõĽ취 
ǽҪѲʮı߽硣Ͷ˵Ȼ˹ʽףûдͷĽڳҺŻζ¿û˵ 
ҴӦ˿۹ľӽе飬ԼҲ֪Ӧôʲôط֡ĲֻֻפڰķӴеһС֣ȫԱʮˣ˹ءСӡֻ쵼ߡ 
ͶϰʦնҲֻһԱͶ˽¸˵ϲ飬ﶼˡ 
նС㣬ҵСӡҶˣѶûأ 
ԴֻһЦ֮ 
ʲôأÿڱ߽ѲӣһʿҲ𣿡 
ͶظңѰҷͿܷĴ䣬¼±췢ʱ䣬ȻԴΪƾƶαװ߱ĵص㣬Ӧþ¹ʵԭڡ 
˵ʱȻѹ 
Ժʲô޷ܵĻ㡭½ҵ 
˵Ҳԭµ飬ҾͲԭ㡣 
Ͷͷȥ 
нһСʱңǰʿȻк 
Ҳٻˣ 
ֱͦȥ·ԶĵطиСӣĴ󲿷ַӶѾյںڵĲкǴׯʬ壬ðһһƵĺ̡ѻѰҹ֮ 
αװģ 
Ͷҡҡͷû˵һֲԤʵ 
ӻûбٻ˿ܻαװߵĻҪô 
Ͷǲ˵ 
ȥƵķ𣿡 
ûС 
һŮ˵شҡб󷽵һʿǰҲСժͷ¶ںڵĶ̷źɫߵۡǸнСɫŮˣ˳ 
ҽ󡣡ҽܣҺնһǵ۹ķʦܸ˼㣬 
ҵͷʵôҪôأ 
ƽؿң˵ 
ɱ 
ôôҾȵ˵ 
Ϊʲôԣʡ 
Щˣûз֮ǰǶ޹ģҴ˵ 
ԡǱɱǡ˵ûһ˿еĲ 
Щ˶ˣ˻Ŀɱ𣿡ѹŭ 
һۣںڵĶ̷ڳз 
ȫɱһֻҪ϶һ˱ȾеĴ񶼱аǻᴫȾġ 
תͷŰͶͶװûע⵽ҵĿ⣬һֱڣС˵Բҡ 
ղ˵ģҪ޷ԭµ飬ʵͶϸ΢ļԲĶͷ 
֡ҴＷʡ̾˿Ǻӡ 
˵ 
ΪʲôսѾս 
Ѿʼսˡ 
ȥսɱ޹ˡǲȹö١˵ҡҡͷ 
Ǻһˡ 
˵ǰαװڱ߾ûϢմ׶ʱ򣬻ʵ۱¾߾ؾȥһʮԶĵطиϣĴӡһֻ۹﷢һΪαװߵĴ񡣲ӵĳһʹȥ棬һʿڴפԱ㱣񡣵ǾڵΪαװߡһеûɱˣαװߡ֧ȫսһ⡣ʬ嶼û¡ 
ͣƬ̣ȻңǸҵĹ硣֧ӵĶӳҵĸ硣ֻ뱣Լס 
Ǹҹʧȥҵĸĸҵֵܣҵδҵãе˺ʹ󲿷ֵѡ 
ԡͷ 
Ǳɹ֡սս 
սµĵط޹ȥ˱ɹ֡ 
޻˵Ĭ˺ܾ֮ҲŶ 
Բ𡣡 
صǸƽ 
˵ЩʱΪһʹ𣿡 
Ѿʹˡʣµֻгޡ 
ҺȻ뵽һ⡣ 
ôǵʿηֹԼǱʴأ 
ĴëȻ 
ûа취˵һ֮˱αװߣǾͱɱ 
 



10

       ս սܲпᣬÿ˶֪սܲпᡣȻδǲ˽⣬Ϊġпսġ 
ǸҵˡˡÿǶλ両ԺҶп֪ǶôҸ顣 
磬ҵһӡ 
һûбĴׯ󣬼ʮ˼ңٶˡ 
ͣϴʮʿӡҲ߹ȥǵĵһȺӭ 
峤˭ժͷһŶͷϵĺˮһòͷĿʵ 
ȺԽԽ࣬һλͺ˴Ⱥ߳ 
ࡣ֪ٸ¼ٱִ壬кΡ 
е˶𣿡ϸϸôԼּףͷش˵Ļ 
η˵һ֣ϽǻСʱдڴ幫ϣԻʵ۱µ塣 
Իʵ۱µ塣˹ȻԸȥлͶˡ 
߹ȥһסϵֱۣʵҪʲô 
ȻǼǷ˰Ѫ֮䡣˦ҵ֣Ͷѵû˵ 
Ļ 
ȻȫɱһȻӣôò˰ɣ 
սĿ֮˱ɹ֡Ϊǰһһˡ 
ûбȾˣѵҲһҪɱӣѹŭ𡣿ϵͷŰѪ֮ǻᴫȾġ 
ܸ𣿡 
룿Ц㻹Ǹ׳աغħʦķӡ޷䣬Щʲô룿 
ûϡ˶幫ЩˣԼһ֪ǿȫ޷ٿ뷨ҸеһᡣԼڵվһߵģʹࡣ 
ɱˣҵȾѪв޹֮˵ѪȻÿɱʱһҪöԷѪɡ 
һΣ֪޹Ѫǰûа취֪Ӧֹ 
һŮشǰ߹ɫĳźɫĳȹ޽ϴǳɫĻĶЩʻЩ޹ 
ҵս˽ 
ȻЩҪɱҵҲմǵѪϲҪҵİæᳵ·ȻԹۣѵҵľͿ԰ô 
ٸ¡峤֪ʱߡ 
е˶ˡҪЩʲôأ 
֣ʿǳ幫Χժͷߵǰ 
ŶӣһһĸλŮʿ 
һԲشȡһᣬɫƤƤýۻŸӵģᡣȻγذףϵ֡ 
˼ңɡû£ֻҪһѪ 
Ĵ˵ĴָᣬһѪھϡѪѩ׵ľϣȻرɫľȥɫţֻʣһƬףκκۼ 
ʥѪѪǴġ˵Ҳһӣ˵ļ磺 
ûˣһһɡ 
󡣡ҿеʥֲԵ׼ȷʸ𣿡 
׼ȷ˵Ȼһ˿ƣע⵽Ķϸϸĺ֪κ˶ֳʥ˵ѪǷܵ䣬ҪΪǿľĹֻܹרѵķʦܹС 
Ŷӣһһشǰ߹ѪʥϡҰŽŵעһƬĿհס 
û˱䣬еѪˡ 
ֻʣһˡһɫӢ꣬һ˫۾ 
ʲôأЦ֣٣ƯĹ㡣 
µġɳƣذĴָһѪʥϡ 
Ѫαɺɫʥȥĵطðһ̡ 
̾˿ᡣ 
ôˣʵЦЦûʲôȥɡ¸ʲô 
˿첽뿪߽Ⱥϵɫҡ 
ңܿͽˡϡ˵ 
Լ 
϶ңܽš 
ô˵ 
ֻһˣ㲻ɱеˡ 
ǻᴫȾġһ 
֪ҵȻ֪ǻᴫȾģǰѪ֮䣬޷Ԥ޷룬޷ 
ҾܾܣǸңɱЩΨһķǸ޷ܣҲܳô޹ǰľѹ 
޹ġ˵ 
ֻҪһ˱Ⱦе˶ܱαװߡ˵ 
޹ġ˵ 
αװߣǵˣǲȷ˵Ļǻɱǣϴ˵ 
޹ġ˵ 
Ǳ뱻ɱ˵ҲһִơȻǳԼ˵УϺ¡ 
޹ġ˵ 
ģΪ㡭ȥν 
һҵĽĺϡϵһǻνش 
޹ġ˵ƽޱ顣 
֣סҳֽ֡ 
ҵ 
ôΪӦôҡ 
ǰǸô 
ǲôȾ˺ܿͻ䣬ɱˣٰҴҲαװߣȻܿȥħ߹Ϊ 
Ǵ𣿿ǣܴȥأң뿪ﲢֹķ 
ҵУһ˵ 
֪ģھɱΨһķõѡ񡣡 
ǡҵԼ˵޹ġ 
žһһ 
ȻҲŷӦһ⡣ҵȻûʲô飬ȴŵüһҵĽѹĺء 
ǵġ޹ġ˵ָ̽ڴ幫Χʿǣ 
ǣҲ޹ģҪΪĶȫȥ𣿡 
 




11

       ҡŵ ȫ 
ҷ½ϳһź쵰ýָң 
Ӧɡҵ˵ 
ߣ膪£Ӳʱ䡣Ϻ޺޵ذγʿǡ 
ϰߵġ˵ 
ҿһվߵİͶͶܿҵߡ 
ǰ޷ԭµ顣ɱ޹ˣڵѪȾ档޷ԭ¡ 
Ǳܡ 
Ҿ㡭 
Ļû˵֮꣬кȻһΪĺСǺмֱܷģ˷ߺ޺;ֻһɺӽŵֱͷһסҵĸ첲 
䣡 
һʿ˴߷ɹһһǾˤǸղվŵĵط 
ֻһҾȷѾˡؿһ޴צۣؼ飬ع۶ϣѪѵ˿ӿ 
Ȼһţ޺Ⱥбɫܹ 
ͶеĳϻӪԮ 
Ȼſǻ 
Ҳ裡ǶҪˣ 
ûԻһ޴Ӱ׷Ǹнӽ׵ĸ߶ȣ򹷵ͷ­ͲӣԳ壬˫ĹǴ̣˫Ѫ죬Ѫ˵ݡ 
αװߣ 
ڿϴеʱѾ߾צӣϵĺֱȥȭһգݺݴڿϵϣĺɳȥצ̽Уγצ֮ǰһжĸ첲ϺɫѪѪҵתƣһ俳ͷ­ȻԾ𣬲ͷļϰա 
ȺѾĸĹѪ֮һȾٶʮ־ˡһЩڼŤͣҲҪ䡣 
Ҵˡ 
ͿϲǶԵġڷ֮ǰɱǲȷ 
ͶûٵĻ𣿴ӪԮ 
һֵʱѾȺ֮СһڵŨѪŰسӭɹѪαװӴ塣 
ɢҪһ𣡡 
Ҵһǹู룬бʿ 
ҵķ 
ְ֣һŮĿ޺ץסҵ֣ɱҰְ֣㡭 
Ȼ׿ʼŤ仯˫ͻݣ˳ʮִָӲһһϷ̽ȥҵĳ鴤һ£һ߿ӡһŮɳһĹһצӴΡ 
ǿײУݶαװߵȷһܹԸĵˡ 
Ըֵʱһ˿ԥǿԽصġǿԼȥһ 
ǿײУݣ޽Ľ裬κͼҵѪ֮ 
û˷ܣûп־壬ûзŭ 
һ֧ҡҵһθܵδУһֱҡ 
޾ı޾ 
޹ġ 
п塣 
ġ 
նѪ⡣ 
Ǳû 
ʬ嵹ڽ¡ 
Ǳ 
Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡 
ҧĬĬصǸţҲұô 
ڣдصĺмצݡ 
ɫȫŽվڳɶѵʬϡ 
ٶУдԼһ˷䡣ĴαװСϴʿҲ䣬ʮȫˡ 
ԶԶվԱߣҡ 
Ŀǿ־塣 
߹ 
ģ㣬ǿ϶Ҫ군ˡ˵ 
㣬ǸħǸڤħαװ߸£㵽Ǹʲô 
ҲͷĿעעĺؿڡ˼㡭 
Ρ 
ҽаֻǸˡҵ˵УԲҴˣǶԵġ 
Щʬɡ϶񣬶ߵһʿ˵ҽؽʣʬѡ 
¹£ҿһ¶һӵαװߵʬ壬ϸĳͻ⣬⡣ǴֲڵļԣһϸСĻϽ͸ϺɫѪ֪ЩǳɫģƮŰƵɫ 
 



12

       ҳĬ˺ܳʱ䣬ȻǸϢ ˮϵѾɢȥ˫Ų豭Сʵǰôˣɱ𣿡 
˿ŵҡͷûУľǺϢˡ 
΢Цעң֪ΪѪ¡˹Լ֮ʷǰ鷢ˡ 
ƾԼ־αװߵ̬ת˻ 
Ҽǵαװߵǲתġ˵ 
ԣһ漣ķˡ˿˵Ҵ㶯ȥ档ת̵ķô 
ôǾѾʤȯˡҽĻ˵˿ͷȻֿµḶ́ϲ˺ǲܵġڼɱԼһЩˣֻһҴ 
û˵һ˿ڱ˺ˡѱĽֿʼѪ 
ҲйƵľ԰ɡ˿ʵҵͷ 
գʹѣΣ͵Ĺ֣ĸõʬ壬ϵѪϡҹԶʧȥҸһڼ 
Ѿȥˡ˿øᣬһ˫ָοҵ˿ڣ߹ˣ¡˹Ҳ߹ġúһ̳˸ǵѪΪ˱ܵ⣬Ѿ˻ȥʥǾ԰ȫġ 
ʥȥҪãʵܱ֤˿Ӧһͻ𣿡ҲòдǡϾ¡˹Ǳ͵Ϯģڰںڰиǿ 
˿ͷԷģˣİ˹͵˹˹¡ 
̧ͷӭ˿Ŀ⡣ 
˫峺ס 
㾿ʲôˡҳʵôôȨ㲻ǵ˹ʵֱӵָӹ٣ָʹĻ壬ˣ˹Ϊ£ģ 
ܡ˿΢Ц˹Ҳã˹ҲգҪ֪ܡ 
δܡδһУһеδ 
ô򵥡Ҹ֪飬ΪҪΪһЩ顣 
֪δһУ 
ǵġ 
ôĺ 
֪ҵδ𣿡 
˿ͷǵġ֪ 
ܸ𣿡ʡ 
˿ҡҡͷ 
߹㣬ΪɱһΡ˵ҿɲٱɱڶΡȻȥǻǺʹġ 
ô˵վҵδ⣿ 
ĸ⡣ 
˿ֱն 
նض鱾д˹ŵֽţ¬նŮһѾֽƬм䣬֪ڸЩʲôҽնֻ֣ 
Լҵطںæ 
¬ͷֻ̧һ䣺ͼһëһžϳ¼ʲôεЦЦСĵشһ̯ĺȥ 
оʲôأ 
ţǸ¬Ӧšնһ鱾һСӣһҳʼһЩ䳭һʼǱϡ 
ڽ⿪ӡķ 
ûңɣ¬ҪһԼļ䡣 
¬֡¬Ӿ̧ͷÿǰһƳҡ 
Ϊʲôôִأ 
¬ЦЦΪ 
ȻһƵĺĻ洫һ󾪺ͼٵĽŲһǿҵаڿɬնȻվҪߡ 
һס֡ 
¬ҳȥ 
ŨգʿǷ׷װγܹȥ 
Ӫصһ࣬ʿΧ£һҴ߹ȥ 
ҲǾ޴ͼҺһۣӶԷп˽塣 
ֿȺһƬΪƽ̹Ŀյϣƾնһ׵Ĵ󶴡ھԽһɣȥֻһƬ޾ڣ·ֱͨڤ硣ëȻаǴɢġ 
ô£ߵһʿ 
֪ʿɫףģһʲô 
ִӵϼһʯӶȥ 
ʯڰУһɫ⣬Ȼ÷顣 
ⲻǸ˵ҺȻʲôطֶ 
ǿռŤ 
ҵĻڰһͳɳƵЦƬֲĺڰرʿǷ׷ȥֻҺͲӻվԭء 
һΪڰӰƬڰĺڰ 
Ǹ߽ӽ׵ľ޴ȫһصĺɫ֮У׵ıް޹⣬ŵɫĵںɫͷӰУһ˫ɫ۾ڰӰзĹâɫ޴˫£ 
гһ޴ĽԼһɣҲֺ޹ĺɫ˶ɢһ˾аϢ 
һ￴ʲӰѿڼͷ˶ͼһأбۿҡ 
š鷳ġ˵ 
ࡣɫľ˾Ӹµǣ˿ںδ 
˭Ұн䱸ţкιأ 
˺ڰʿ֮أ˵ǰȡͷ­˵·ֱҵԺлص 
ҺͲٴζӡ 
ҵ˵ 
ӵͷ 
Ǹ㣬ҲԴ㡣أس 
һαװ߰νһҵľͱһֱͷߺšڣҵ˷йĵط 
࣬Ū𣿡ǰ߶һûлͷҲܸ뵽Ⱥ˹ʿɫӡ 
ȻǱڵľ޽һǿ磬Ǻɨ 
ڵĽ·һƬյŨƣɭаޱȵľӭ 
ԶԶ˹־֮Уȵа˹ƤȲԶ 
˿˵ڰʿ֮еİ˹˹ڶԸ¡˹ʱҪ͵ϮֶΣЩһҲڷǰѳˡ 
ཻͳɬصа·ˮһӿ 
˫ۣƿԷĽ棬Ȼתƣֱ̡ 
ɫؼҵĽѳƬֱɫ֮СҵĶͬŭûǾаŨɫȳ֭ҺŽӿеıâϨֻŵ顣 
Ҳû뵽ҽһоܸɵ 
ϼңȥӰꡣת棬̵ؽ˿ڣһ˵Ľ£ң 
Ҿǿ 
ͣһ£ȻҾǰ 
ذһҵĽ˿޴忪ʼŤȻǼһ𻯳ȳĺˮ档 
 




13

       û˽û˶ תʿԵÿһ· 
ĻѾոһͷ˳ȥҷƽ˺ܶࡣʿǾηҺȻúİ 
˿&amp;#8226; 
һɱˡ 
˵ʲôܹԤ֪δӿɱǾܹԤ֪δ֪δ޷ı䡣 
˵ͺڷһѾε顣ÿһҾ֪ʲôɫĽ֡ 
ȻҲԼ֪ҵһжЩˣЩ¡ 
֪Ľ֣֪һʲôʽȥ 
ֻ֪ı䡣 
˵͸¶ˡǿˣǵˣȨµˡ 
ǶͼȥŤתԼˡ 
һ⣬ǶʧˡΪ˸ı˶һŬ󶼴ʹԼѾȶ˹ 
Ȼͣй¶˵ܣڵȴǸն˵Ťת˷ˡ 
Ϊεľ֮һȻôһ˿΢ϣ 
˿ԸıˣôҲܡ 
ҲܹһǧһεֻУѳ 
ʮ֮ǰһˡ 
ǿǿĹ֮ 
Ҹˣڰ֮ϣɡ 
һǵЦ٣ 
ǰôԤ԰ 
ǰ˰ 
Ҳǿ 
˱ȼӿɱ 
ʹͽϣ˵սУΪԼѺˣԼ꣬Ǿ俨Ѿ͵壬һĸĹ 
ϣˣɱ 
Ȼɱ˲ӣɱ᰺ɱ˰ͶɱԼеѡ 
֮ɱ˿Ͱ˹ԸĹ֮ڴϣɢſֲ 
ɱغţɱ˹Ҳɱ˹ 
ɱ¡˹ø˹ 
Կгܳʶģ㲻ʶˣС 
ɱ¬ 
㱻ȶ֮ǰ㼣鲼´½ֻһƬߺ 
ŭŭɴĲ֣Ľɡ 
Ůµӡ޷Լڱ˿޵ʵ 
ýָңҸıˡ 
ֻⱾĶߣߡ 
޷ıˡ 
ɱҡ 
Ľʿ˲䣬ҶôϣĿԽҵ㲻ܡҵ˲Ľ¡ 
ǿ㲻ǿ 
ǿ󵽸ı˵ˡ 
ˡ 
 
ӵ˳š 
㡭úǿ 
ҵش 
ǿ 
ǵģ㻹ǿ 
˿һ۵ϲգȻҵлл㡣 
ûʲô 
˿Գһ˿΢Ц 
Ҿͳȥ˹ĵڶ죬ȥ¡˹Ҳһɡ 
Ȼһ۲ӣ¬СҲһȥ 
ǲǵ˹ľˡ˵㲻 
˿ЦЦ 
Ҳһȥġ 
ΪʲôɦɦԴ 
Ϊǵˡ 
ҵȻʲôһ 
˿ҽ֡ 
ң޷ı𣿡 
Χʿɢ㿪ȥǵĶԻ˿ְһƱ紵ɢͷ£󣬵ǵġ 
ôҼֲһȥĻǲǾ㱻ıˣ 
Ȼ˿˵ 
ҽؽС 
ȻΪʲôԸıǵأ 
˿ȻһЦȻû⡣ԡ 
ؿ˫ۣģһһֵ˵ 
ҾܾҪҲһȥ˹۹ĵڶ졣 
Сĵء˵λ 
ʲôûз 
Ѿı𣿡ҲǺаյʵ 
ûС˿תԼ 
ڶһ磬ң¬ӣն˿һȥ۹ĵڶ죬ȥ¡˹ 
Ұ鵱Цһ˵֮¬ȴҲһҪ˿һȥ¡˹һ档 
ΪʲôҲʡ¬¡˹ûʲô飬벻ΪλҪȥ 
Ǹ¡˹ˣҲ԰һʧȥļɡ¬شšô˵ʱҾףľѶܸıˡ 
һΣյʱ̣ҵȻһ˸˿ߡԣҲ 
˿ưȻҶ棬΢Ц 
һ죬ҸһˣʱᱻĻͷĻ 
ǸͲˡƵ˵ 
ǰǣһ˿΢Ц 
Ϊ˿׵رı䡣 
 



14

       뿪˱߾֮Χľɫũһ޼ʵƽԭαװߴĿֲƺֻһңԶجΡ ĿԤ֪δ𣿡 
ǵģ¬˿شԶᣬ硣¬գգ۾ǣҵδأ 
˿¬֣˳׵ָĦ¬ɫ˫ע¬ɫ۾ҼװĿ񣬵ȴŶ䣬ȴ˿Ĵ𰸡 
ǵְƥŵĴпĳᣬյơͿغɫᣬʵصĵ񻨳нʵİ֡ĸֶü̵ľƳɣ涤ľͺƤʹԺܸߵٶǰҲԼһʿСˬӴ򿪵ĳд룬ԶʪĻ㡣 
һĺҸһ𡣡˿˵Ȼø͵һ䡣 
ֻܰǷֿ 
ͯͯӺ͹Ĺ£ũŮĹ£ʿӵĹ£˺Ů˵Ĺ¡ 
ҸһֻܰǷֿ 
Ǻǣ𣿡¬Цš˿תۣңؿҡұ۾ܸоĿ⡣ 
ġ˿Ŀڴ뿪 
ǣҵļأ¬ûע⵽˿ 
˿Цˡ 
Ц̾Ϣ 
ΪʲôһҪһļأ˿ʵ 
Ϊ¬ҧԼ촽벻ǰͰ֮飬ܿյġ 
ԽԽãʵҲ¬㲻˵ִš 
Ȼ˽¬һԼļ䣬ǲֹͣġ 
ļ䡭 
˿ˣһĻ⣬һƥɫؿᣬժͷǴ 
ӲʯŸ 
ȻһöССͭԲͲݽ˿ӹԲͲ 
ԲͲһɫĶд˿εԲͲӣȡһССֽչ 
Ȼ֮˿̧ͷҡ 
Ȼȷء 
ʲô飿ڽ﷢ʡ 
ҹʯұһ֧ӰΧˡ˫ûչӴȻǻеġ˿˵ 
Լʮ򡣡 
ʮʮ򣿡ӵһ˫۾̵ 
ͼȫ˿ԼΪˡ 
˿ڴǧˡ 
˹˿ڶһЩȻһڡ 
Ǿµ۹˹Ҳһʮ򡣶֧һҹֵ֮ľӣȻʮ 
ô죿նŵʵ˿һЦûϵԭƻ䡣 
ǣʮǵ˵Ļ 
õġ˿һгӣʯûôױˡ 
ҡ 
ʯң¡˹ڵĵطЩ˵ĿȻ˳ץסңٺòˡ 
Ԯɡն˵ʯҵؾֻǧ˰ 
ԣǧ˵&amp;#8226;ʲͺվʿ˿ϵԲͲɫĶдڽ˳ָȥ 
ٿԼְꡣ 
һ֧ӡն˫һ᣺Ӧǰչ֧ʮ˵ԮĻ 
ûʲôˡ˿һЦ⡣ϵĶд̱һˡ 
ΧŲʯҵʮˣǶʮУûбɱĲ֣ 
ֻıɳš 
Ѿʮαװˡ 
ҡ˿һοҡ۾Ŀӡ 
һȥﲻɵأ 
Ŷʣʲôɣ 
ڵ˹۹ڶ۳ƽԭϵĲʯңǵ۹̡Ҳϵı֮һʷ׷ݵ˹۹ʱ˿Ц׽Ķ 
ݵĵһˣһսĽ֡ 
һƬžԼһ 
ޡ 
 




15

       ˹İͼ׶¡Ϊޣ·Ϊϲĵһͱĵڶ֡۳ƽԭǵڶһƬƽԭӳ۳ҵһͷһͷҹͣУҲҪϽʮ졣ƽԭռ˵˹۹ķ֮һİٶǰ⽣ĵһλʵԿԼսʿѪĹƬظӵķ֡ ۳ƽԭĵƻʯڵĵҪԸһЩ 
ʮΧڵĵطʮ˿ʿӪկɳںͳ 
Ҫôվһ͹ϣңԶƮ졣 
ʮʯΧˮйͨЩαװάģδ䣬ǵĶѾ׹˺ڰܸе̺֧еаϢа֧ͬӵơ 
ҪЩαװߣʯȥ˿վ΢һĵطںڵĳڷƮ 
̫ˡ˵ 
ҵЩαװ߲䣬ҲԴʮΧƽԭشһսǿ̸ӲĻΨһĽ־ս 
ǰǿޱˣһʿʮİΧҲǲܵġ˿ЦЦԣǵõһ 
һˣһͷ˿ 
£һǧҲûãһܸıʲô 
˿ң΢Ц 
㲻֪黹ܶء 
ұ졣 
Ҿܶ飬ܶ಻˼顣ȥ磬ҲϵаսĿ˵˹۹ڲҼʶױľҲ˼ӢۡĽսҲ 
һҪϣ˿&amp;#8226;ǰ֪ȷʵ̫ˡ 
ԶԶҸáͬΪ̩ˣһʮıȻֻŮģ˿Ѿǳ˵ˡ˶ã飿 
οԤδ 
ǰҵȷһ֪ˡ 
ڶϣ˿ҪȵǸ˾ˡҵʱ¬ûǸôġҿȷǣ϶֪ķʽΪǸʱܸеΧĿҵһ£·һɾ޴ͷų 
һܳ񣬸պÿ˿ӭ˳ĽСĺ췢Ůߵ˿ǰϥ£˿֡ 
ΰߡҷ 
ϣϳ˫˫ۡŮ˫̥֮Ψһ۾ɫԪʦվҡ 
ϣСܵܣþòϡ 
Сż⣬ͷҲֻҵؿôߡܵܡĻƺû˵̩Ҳһټʮˣҵܵǿ 
˿Ȼ֪桪û֪˵֣ɣооôܵʯҡ 
һɳֻļ׾µͼ̯ǰͼܼ򵥣ûʲôϵʯΧĵȫƽԭֻҪ±עоҾλþ㹻ˡ˿ָƤֽϻΧȦĺԼΪңûرĵطӲȥĻûʲôܣϣҪݵӦû̫ɣ 
ϣͷԵġ 
һ¡üͷΧȦĵ˿ɲģһȱڣΧĵҲѸٵĲ 
ûġϣЦЦܸ㶨ϡ 
ǿʮ˵ĴͬʱֹأһЩġϾϴμʱϣıʵ̫ˣ˲ġ 
˵ϡϣһװϸϸָҵļһ£Сܵܣħʵһ֪ϡ 
úϢһ¡ʩչռҲ㲻ɡ˿˵翪ʼɡ 
ϣҺͲһߺȾһ죬һ࣬¬ĬĬؿǡҲ֪ܷϣ˿ŮʮģұϾӴҲΪ㹻ʵǴʮαװߴİΧ 
ǱȵĻ߿ԡǾ˵Ҳαװ֣߳Ͼ١ԶαװߵӪһƬڰûһ˿⡣ƬŵĺڰȻһֲ 
ǿ־塣Ѳٿ־塣 
һ˵Ĳ֮С 
ҿӣҲŵоķȻعͷҵĿԡ 
Ҳоˣ¬ʵ 
ǵġֻαװô򵥡˵ 
ӳƴһڡ 
ӡ 
 



16

       ڶ ǵӪҲһԸߵϡмû赲Ļ񱼣ŶʮҾͿԵִʯҡ 
˶Ѿϡ˿ҲһƥɫĿϻһǳɫס˵ϣΪͻƻ޷̫ãǱٶȳȥ 
һƥر׳Ļ޴ͼڱֲͣŶͷϵĺˮ 
𣿡ϣЦ֮ΨһûˡӵͷֿЦˡŴŵĺӶͷϹ䡣 
ǰȵġ 
һ»ϡϣ˵ 
Կʼˡ˿̧ͷ˿̫ʱѾӽʱ֣ȵ⿾Ŵءϣһ˫ſпʼйϵġ 
С뿪棬Ư 
ٵİɣ۾ϣ建һֱƮԼҵĸ߶Ȳͣ췢Ʈ衣 
ҪʲôҿϵŮ˿ᰲ궯ı򡣡 
ı򣿡Ƶؿ졣ȻһϴĿе㲻һΪϣҶһʲôģѵоͽңǳҳȥ֮ġ 
Űɣ죬ϡ˿΢Ц 
ڽʮҵʱҲûвʲô쳣Ȳ¬ 
ָԶĵ棬΢Ŀֻš˳ָķ򿴹ȥһʼûвʲô 
ݡ㿴ݣ¬˵ 
ע⵽ˡ 
Զоһֱ쵽ǽ£һٲĳĵشɫɫɫĲһʼСǷ֮󣬾ԽԽԡ˿ǸֳЦ⡣ڵϰһݣȻܵɫݴ֮⣬հĲݺͲݴ֮ĲԱȡ 
ɫĲԵˡһصݴУưڵϡ͸ĲƤԸоԴ 
ǡҿڿеϣû䣬Ѿſ˫Ʈ˺ܾãĵԼԼ˳ŷ紫 
ɫ̧ͷ 
ԭƵв֪ʱ˼ƬƣЩƵ״ܲȻͺȶѸٵšСƲɴƬƬɸơӵʱƬѾյƲǡƱļµǦɫƲʹ 
ˡ 
ƽʱֲԭϳķ粻ַͬԵÿҶûйɣҲ̶ķ򡣽µĲݺҵеƥʼҡԴζ䣬˦βͣǣٵء 
ֻһƥǰġֻ˿ɰվšڵ˫ƽ͵עǰ 
ԶеαװȻҲпʼ΢ɧҡ 
µԽԽԣݴпʼðǰɫĳѸٵرÿݻơڵԽԽĵطǵӿıԵڸԶһЩĵطмݵѾʼˡ 
ȸвδ̫áŷԽԽҲԽԽ͡Ȼӵ͵͵ľһ 
찡 
Ȼ֡Ƭ׵ѩƮƮϡ 
ڣȻѩ¬죬˵ 
ϣ˿ңϴǼʱʵġ 
Ԫʦرǣȫ 
ܿƲк֣ԶԶ󣬼ɫִƲ̽ϿȥЩ൱ϸǺɫϸߡ󣬵Ҳ˼ǳɫϸ֣ӭȥĹâڶ߽˲䱬˿̧ס䡣 
ɫɫΪһ壬ŤšҺȻ򵽣硣 
ţԶƥսͬʱ׳˻ԶͬУɴؽαװߵһƬи䡣 
֮ԶԿ 
еƲ㿪ʼŤγ޴СÿһеĶҫ۵Աӵɫ⡣˿ϣ߸߾֡ 
һ޴ӿ£ҴӼֹģףǵֱϰףһͬµĻΧǧϸ硣һƬ֮УαװߵسױˡûһαװɢӣĿУķʬζϵζ 
˿¡ 
ǳȥ



17

       ܺ¡ЩǾѵսǻطֵȻȻڿ֮УҲܸܵƥĵĿ־塣ǳ¸ߵʱɵµĲݾȫǿݻƽģǵӺһɻɫ̳ķѩܼһһҹİ硣гƤľ磬սë˸ϸܵĻ𻨡ǿΧľ￴·Ǻڰɫġجһľ ս־Ĳµ 
ҳڶǰαװȻҲҪֹǣ£ҪЧĵֿǲܵġαװصĺĵشХſɨڵϹοĹ֣;һαװ߽ʽ籩ģգˤһһըӵܣֹͺαװߺ£Χǡ 
ڳαװص˲䣬Ҿеľ޽һͷǰαװսʿڵϡ̱¡һĹѾ 
սĿ־Ѿ˶㣬ܸеǻڿɴ˫ۣںڵѪ˿лһһĻ⣬Ѫս˫ʱȫգۡ˫ȼнɵֵۻӽھʧαװ֮г忪һѪ· 
ǰαװ߿ʼ䣬˻ȫ¡¡ûͬʶĻرܿǵн·ߣȥ赲սӵĵˡڵͿеĺ⽻㣬÷ԽԽꡣͬŤߴԱ߻֮ؿѡ 
˿һλҵĵطӺ¬ֱߡ¬Ķ̽ʺսӻž޴ͼڣ˱ĺܺãչ˵ҵĺ󷽡 
ҵְ𣬾Ϊ֧ĵ棬һֱǰ塣ʱͬһսȷǷɱ˵ˡ 
Ҫľǰǰαװ߻ȻһƥսȷǵЩûü䡢һαװǻᱻֱ̤һƬϡ࣬αװ߾鷳һЩʱǻͼץסҵĽֹҡ 
ֻҪҵǰ赲һӣҾͻᱻϰƥսĺ嵹Ȼ󣬺ЩҽµαװһȫʬⲻǽܹġҺһ㣬ҵҲ 
ûסҡ 
ɨĵط˱ϡ裬ҽ͵͵ķϣȫƽ 
ûпͱѩûеڵˣûеֻʣеĽһαװߵӰ 
һһ˹ңҵĽ档 
ҵĽָһһ͵ȥ 
ȻҹͷֲȴԽܸоαװ֮Уʲôڵȴҡ 
ңҲڵȴ 
һαװǺɫצҪҵ˲䣬Ҿ޽ӣػļαװ߱һúɳȥڰգ㱻һµСĺУİӱɽ̿ûпûʱѾԶԶ˦˺档 
µĲʯԽԽһϵıݣߴ󡢼̣ȫɾ޴ĺɫʯɡƺûºۼһֱڳ۳ƽԭϡ 
ڿĵһʱҾܸоںҡҳؿҴûһֻؼҰĸо 
ǴǱУʲôϵĶٻҡ 
ҽһ˲Ĺһ󺰰صѪȵʵ֮С 
˿¬Ͳ˼ͬʱеģ 
һָ˲䣬һɿµѹȻ٣Ҽ޷Ȼһֱ̳ܵѹûоκε˼ұܵһԾ 
һۼԷֱĺӰǰӹϡҵһ˻ǰ˰ಽȻһͷԵڵϡ 
һ£ʹϳءϰֻʮಽѪڶϿںϳһɺİơ׳ĺصŵ档 
Ϣؿһ֮ն 
תʱ˿ѾԱ߶Ӻ¬ɻҡʿǷ׷סļʿӺ׷αװߡһһ罫ͼαװסڵϣڶϡ 
ʱǾǱѾסǳɹسαװߵء 
鷳Ÿոտʼ 
Ӵĺɫھ޴Ķ֮УǼ·ŤаšͷµӰ˫űа⡣վֱӣкɫ޽մȾѪڻա 
ּˣ޴ˡڰʿڿǹ 
ҽаֱ˫ɢžа˫ۡһϴһʵڵıְҺһ֮¾͸ɵ 
ĸôƺԼ˵ϴĻѾת˰ˡգὫȥ˻档 
ҡ 
ڤ硣 
αװǾ£ 
˿ҿϵռʦ˿Ҳҡ 
ҵˣڽգ԰ɣ 
˿ͷ 
ôҽǱתͷӭء 
Ż쵰һΡ 
 



18

       ظ߸߾еľ޽˻ͼ˹αװǰˣóһȦӡ ֮裬յصֻ£ָҡ 
˿ߡҵ˵ 
˿ɫӵؿңͷһ֣ߣʯҵĳͷŽǺϵĵŻ¡˿еʿǶ˳Ǳֺ֮վ޽ӭ߹ȥ 
ѩƽϢŨصпʼһͬбصˮϣҲѾ˼ޡҺػŶԷתȦѰŶԷ 
ͬˣȫͬˡһڰӪʵĸоȫͬ 
˷ 
Ǻڰʿ 
ͬʱͣ½ŲصӰͬһƬյĺƣЮű˵ĺӭ˶ٶȿĲ˼飬͵ƽ֮Ĵ翪ɽ̳ʯ֮Уɭü֮䡣˫˲䣬һȦεǶΪɢȥؾҵҵѥ·֨֨ҽȫڽϣһȻĽ´ѹȸ˼Ϣϲָо 
һ̶ĽԾڿŤӽնصͷ­ɫھ޽ͷ˲丩ӣȻɫĴ󽣴ֱҰе塣һؽ»ڵľ޽ش̻гĽϣݷһɽײҽĸߣȻصͷһֱȥڰʿӰȻ˺еĳ̽棬ڵˮһɫĶǰҹӰƵұϴпʱĴУصؿڡ 
ںܾǰҾ֪սʱһе֣Ҳֲֿ֪ҵı⣬ǿ޵ԼڿսȻԽԽеǿ޵壬ԼҲڿսĿ֡ 
ײĿ⣬ż뼼ɵĽ 
һûܶ㿪ҵһ޽ĽǶɫͷ֮У˶Ӱˣͷһ䡣 
һͷɫµĳɫҰֱı촽ڸݵϲ˺ۡ 
˫ȼű۾ڰʿ¶ 
ʹңҲʼȻ״̬ȴ۷塣 
غ˼ؿҡԶʼлȼҰƽӴ󡣻£ڰʿı¡ 
һöڵһֱײǰѺɫҵš鲼ߴĶϵĵɫȻɫΧơ 
һѾȫ 
Ҵһͬˮһӿߵʯʵ÷飬һǳɫı 
޴ĳײʮվӡȻѾѪĸо紦һ飬ѵʹѪ˳ҵȥһһڻðĵϡ 
߹ߵĺϵĺڰȥ¶ԭɫƤֳɫҲɢò԰ס 
ĻϨϣؼһ޴ѺۡɫѺӿ䵭 
ûѪѪںܾǰˡ 
ǰվסӸµؿҡ 
Ȼ˫Ҳ޷֧Լеľ޽ʱҲҵǰ 
˫ɫġ˿̣˫۾ûаҲûʹͿ־塣 
лл㡣ǰ˵ 
лл㣬Ҵ֮У˳ 
Ȼ̮һѻҰɫϸСĩһͲˡص׹ڵϣ·ĳ־޴µļ׿ǡһӻؼҽűߡҸʰһöµʥաһǸӵʱ޵ԺﾭʥաÿְԱԼϡҲйһ֪ʲôʱŪˡ 
 
һʥսʿ˵ɱˡ 
˹˹Ҳã˹ҲãҲãǶΪսʿ 
ҲˣҲԵ㡣Ƕ¹ǻŵʱԼĹԺȨڸЩȻЩϵ۵ȴ޷ǵ޷ֻأǵҲ޷عʶõǣ佫Ǳצ 
ʹ䣬ԶȥʥļԿ걾ϵа尾ʹԶʤĥʹ֮УǶˣΪ˺ڰʿ 
ѾȻǶһ㣬һ΢ʥԡڴһԵõꡣ 
𣬾Ǿꡣ 
һµĹҪӹϣǸǿ޷ 
а񣻻˵ĿģѾԽĵ¡Ҳа޷ƶ۵ġ 
͸Ϊ֡ЦǣûιǡǶԵġ 
Ұ̫ˡҵ֪ұȥȡ˿&amp;#8226;ߵͷ­ʱҾ֪ҰѾԽҵ޷˿⣬ҵĴͬҾϣһ 
ԣȻҡʧܡˡȻʧ֮Уҿ˾⡣ 
 
ܾúܾԺһжּ֮˿̸Ǹΰµĺڰʿʱ˿Цˣ˵һζĻ 
ǸĴһﰡ 
αװ궯ȻΧɵȦС 
ս˽ 
ֻҪܳףʯҵĳ£ʤ 
 



19

       αװһӵϣҵǰ棬棬˹Һὣֱӣ֮ɺŨ̵Ѫ·ɽжϵ֫Ѫӿ¡ȻԽԽαװߣûģģѾģӿ ǲ֪־壬ȫ˹ȻҵĽһҽ߾ȫػŴ󽣣һһαװնɱڽ¡ǵ޾ 
ǰʮءҵڿЦ׵ľ˵򵥣״£Һܿʧȥ˷С˷Ƿӵļצ 
ѵܹɱȫαװôһαװ߲ʲôʮҲʲôһٸҲɱ 
һǧأһأ 
ϸ΢˺ƣһһĻۣܹƬѪݵĺ֮мֶã 
ȻʱҲȥЩֻǲͣػӽеػӽһǽҺαװǸұ벻ͣƶԼλãȻܿҾͻᱻȥαװǣʱҸ޷жϷ 
֪ʱȷǷǱԽԽԶԽԽαװߵġ 
׿ΪҪûԼˡԻ˵ݾۼһ֧ӲܺͰԿǰͿĲ֮۶ǿ˶ܶսʤ֮ĵˡ 
ƺԾ޾شӿЩ΢ƣȴĻܡҽ󽣻Ķ죬ܻһ©ĵطЩһŵĿ϶αװǵݺצӿԴҡȻȫնɱȻ֮ǰǻһһСС˿ڣһǳǳĻۣһ΢ĲˡЩ˺أǻۻԽԽֱܸ࣬оʹֱ࣬ҵĶʼóٻ 
Ҳ֪һƬαװߵĺս˶á⿪ʼʹؽڵתʼɬҿʼоо޽ԽԽƬսֻ˶̶̵Ƭ̣Ȼÿһ˲ҶҪͬʱԸˡǿȵսѸٳҵڰʿȻαװ߸ǿֻһҵĵû 
˹ңҪٵж״С 
һֻӬҲʹ˵һһġǿҲһ˶Կӡ 
һ˶Կӣһαװߵľӡ 
ֻαװߴǰһһҵҷ˹һ֮䣬մѪĳѾαװߵĲαװſ죬ѪɴɵӿצҲҵĽ档΢˵ſͷʱұǼһѾ˵ǰѾؽǰһ¿ⲻˡ 
ûСһɫĻƹסؿڣɵûšαװһؿڴѳΡȥһǻѪҽ¡һߴӰǰ 
ߴ˷򡣡 
¡˹ˡ 
һηʱֻǸꡣѾһ׳ˡˣҲõͳ 
ָı仯Щ 
ǰǺܿĵӣЦҲЦȻ˫ȫûЦ⡣ 
Ӧûʮ꣬޽Ѿ˰׷۽Ҳơ 
ںܸˣܱһ΢һ㡣ݣݡôݵǰֻһǽħ˹һһļںɫĽ͹ŵĲʥʿõʮּܣһѾ޴ĳŤİǺɫƳɵģضʵġĵҲɫģֻздһɫɫĵϲѪķģļ¡¡˹һĺɫ񣬶һ治ģɢĽڿչ졣ϳһɥ 
ʿӿαװǵЩʿһǺһĵ˹ĴǰûĳصʽסڶǰʿС׵ӥһѿ˸ߵĴʮּܡҼʮּܲͬʮּûǶʥգװһöɫ£ϿһŭɫȻܵرļӳ֣ųʮּܶӳճɫֻӶǳصʮּܣ߰˸αװѪģط˳ȥαװͼʿֽʮּһǰ죬һϸС飬ĩ˹һöССʥաʥշ͵ĹâαװǺײһεǽڰͣ½ŲȻηغˡ 
Ǹʥʿܵӵսʿ 
ʿԽԽ࣬Ȼк߽ܶʥʿαװ˻𣬱ȴ޷ΧҵǽСʥʿʥգתңһժͷ 
еľԸӡ 
һŮ಻ʮ͡Ůӿѧϰ廨̫ˡȴѾսĲ˵ϵװǾޱƵǳɫ׺ǰʮּܣͿܱ˻ҪˡʱǸֻΣǰɪɪСҷϡ 
ңͱʥʿͬǾĵĻױһ˵СŮֵĻױᷴ˾סͬҲΪʮԵʡǸˣ󣬾ԻǸ˿Ͱ˹۵ľɫŮ 
ڣСȻý۵ɤҽܡ 
ǰʥְ߽ŴʥֱһʿŸųŷ˹&amp;#8226;ʲͺա 
 



20

       һƲϣ˶ڷ͵Ľ⡣ԭΪͷǺɫģâ֮Ҳſ壬һͷɫĳɫķڡĳѩ׵ƬɫĹУһʥ¡˹Ĭشǰÿֱŷ˹ ҺȻе޴롣 
ָоҴûйͺСʲô±˷һָоθڳ鴤﷢šŷ˹ߵԽָоԽǿҡܾ֮Ҳ֪ҿܹףʥʿʥѹıܷӦʥѹȻ˺ңȴʮֲʡ 
ŷ˹С㡣ǿԼȥֲʣѾ޽ڵϣлԮ֡ 
ؽ⡣ŷ˹ʼչ΢ЦǸŮ΢ЦȻҾʮִ顪Ҳʮϡ 
һͳѹֵһͷαװ߳ʿǵİΧȦ˹м޴˺ۣȻǱʿǵˡȻ˿ûӰٶȣͣذװĹֱŷ˹ı 
ŷ˹ȫûвһԹԵ˵л˿ʯ 
ʱαװ߾Ѿʮҷֳ޽¡˹Ҹ졣ɫӰһ֮ǹǰ 
ǹ֣αװ֮гһɫ϶һֻþ˵Ϻɫצ϶ֻϵÿһָһ˸ߣмצһָס׼ȷһ߬סǵùαװߡ 
ѵĴָﴩ֮ſ϶У϶ҲѸɢڿСαװߵ·һֻõһڵϡ¡˹֣ɫؿԶ 
ֻж̶̵һ˲䣬һǿԸоֻϴŵаʥԲǣ 
ŷ˹ȴԴ˾ռһ㣬ͷһ¡ó൱ĵذԼı󽻸¡˹ 
аҵ˵ŷ˹ҡҡͷˣ 
ûаķֱġа⡣ 
˵⡣ 
 
¬Һܹסҵ֡Ӹ档 
üһ湻ܴġӿǾ޴ͼڣͼմЩѪǡ¬һƬѿˣûˡ 
šһ군ˡһĲӵļ 
ԽԽαװ߿ʼͻưΧȦЩαװѾ޷ǹвˡسصĳǱ֮СǱ¥ϵסţǺӵű¡¡֮ҲŸеһ 
Ҵ֪ڵ˹ôһֲֻҵļҶ˵ 
˿˵桯ʱλź·һ̵ľͳ˳ȥȻλŷ˹СҲ̴ʿȥ㡣 
ҿЦ 
ʯұȴ濴ȥҪΰĸǽһСĹ㳡㳡øĺţС㹻һϰǽĹսǴŸ߸ߵ¥㳡ǳǱΰ¥߲ߡ¥һĲߵƫ¥滹ǡ 
ȻôΰĳǱУפǧ˵ĶҲԵӶӵǽײƤĦѥ̤ʯͷϵͽβźˮͽζζѪζҩϵζһǱ¥һʿǣսǲ߹⼸׵ڴ˵ݵľոµĵŷ˹ڶǰ棬Ǵ㳡ϸ߸ߵʯͷ̨ףǱ¥ĴŻȻһȺӭ 
ӭһλˡͣʮ꣬ҲʮꡣʮꡣȻϵȴ˿Ӱ졣ֲĸоԽǿңӭʱҸеɣɬ١ 
ˡŷ˹˹񣺡Ҵˡ 
¡˹һԲһ񡣴ȺʧڳǱ¥źڶĴԼʱ΢΢һͷȻŷ˹ 
ˡȥϢɡͬڡ 
ͬڡŷ˹ٴȻ׷¡˹ĽŲ߽Ǳ¥׳ѥʯͷóһص 
˵ʮ㡣̧ͷĿȴԾ˸Ŷ˵עӡ 
ҿȺе˿վ˵࣬Ҳվһߴ׳ˣ졣Ȼϳ̩&amp;#8226;ɡһԿа˹ƤȵĻ顣 
ڳЦ¶һѩ׵ݡҲЦЦңϵѹȸԽǿҡҼҪųԿѹ 
Ȼھ̨׵ĵطͣ£Ӹµؿҡ 
л˿ǰʯҡ˵ 
&amp;#8226;ʲͺգʥְ߽Ŵ̡ӭġ 
лĻӭˡþƽ˵ 
شҡһѩ׵ĳۣװŽߡڳ´һɫؼסѩ׵ĺͷĺ롣 
ҸеԼĺ 
һˡº͵Ҷ˵ 
Ȼаġ 
 



21

       ҵĺԽ٣ˮӶͷϵ䡣ߺģʥѹͬһֻ߬סľƣҵ˼붼ɬ ȻѾǾ֮ǿȴԶԶҡֻϵһжѾʧֻʣ˰ߣϣǰشĦ 
ʥѹ·һУһƬһƬҵ˼롣Ҳ 
Ǵ˿ȴֻܽţֿ־ϵѹȡҷųҰγ֪㹻һ˲ˡҲôܡ 
Ȼһˣͬһ¼ʵǽ֮䡣ֻľɿˣѹʧˡһٳ³ʶָ 
˿ҵ֡ 
ˡȥϢɡ˿ɫķֻ֣һƬ˻ζů΢΢ͷ˿ 
аġ 
ûа֮֡ 
еġ 
Ȼ˿û˵֪ۡȻ۵Ľת˻صǱĴ֮Сʿ߹¥ݣȣҴһǰ 
Ŀͷʿ˵дϤҿǸʮµ׳ƽıӣЩ졣ڿЦˣӿӿڴóһöнͼĻ¡ 
ǰŴ˵ʿ 
ʲô֡ʵ 
ġش𣺡ϢɣµĻͽҵ֡ڸڵķ䡣 
ҵķܿҲܼӡһȳŻɫ鲼ʯͷذϴĸɸɾֻһŴһӺһӡŴɵĴ棬Ǵ鲼ģɫضɾҽ´󽣣ʷڴͷϣѵѥӣȻֱͦͦһɡ 
ڰʿαװǵսȻ࣬ĸҾģȴǶ̶һ˲ĽӴϵȻѾǿȻǺǣҲ֪Ӧֲ 
ͷëĳʮֵʡƣĸоӽŵұ۾С˯һȻߴһ̾Ϣ 
üһ϶ 
һȻ 
ڴͷߣ߸ߵĿϣһȻؿҡֳһŤİ͸״ǳɫ·һźɫɵġǰҼ״̬ȻһΣҪȴǰʵࡣ 
ޣ 
ôˣôȵĿҡ΢Цģ壬ܸоЦ 
Ϊʲôѹ 
Ϊվߵм䣬ſתһȦ 
ҵļҰ 
Ҫûлصˡ߻ǰ£һֻ첲֧ϣҴû⸱Ȼʵӡ 
ƺ˵Ǳĵһ˾ء˿˵Ļ 
ȻȻ޵ƽºͣǱƵģԶġϤÿһ̨ףÿһȣÿһ䡣 
ҵļҡ 
ǰ͸Ѫɫظľͷ棬 
䣬ǰؿ˵ķءǺǣڿĹҲ˰ɡ 
㡭˵ʲôȴֲ֪ô˵ 
ؿǸĹﰡƺһӾͳ˶ԹȥĻ֮УԹԵ˵ܴͷԣҵĹܼңҲŮǵ졣֪͵͵ϲҡǵʱһֱڴ̣ÿصǱʱ䶼ֻм£ʱģȴҡҲԸǣҶ޷սƽŮ 
޵ͣϣĿ·͸ǽڣ͸ٶʱ⡣ 
ÿһʱһ͵͵ķ䣬ŵĵطҵϣͷսˣһȢҸһһŮȻһӡһԼķأһԶ 
޵ԽԽ͡ 
սڽˡ 
˵仰˳Ĭ֮УָֻͣĦ档ڣ̲סʵȻأ 
Ȼˡ̧ͷҡ 
սˣûôˡԣұˡ 
Ŀͬķ 
ұΪߣڽѶ֮ǰϸϸذ״̶ҵĺܣ޷СҼͿǵĽ磬޷һľͷӷ·֧ϯҵ״ǷֻܵͷվƾǶҴ 
˿ޣѾĬԼȫСڣԻʵ۱¼һеķ֮壬¡ 
ұڵ˫ۣͷ˫˫ŵĽжϣȻ˹³ɽ֪ΪʲôѡΪгأա˵ 
һ죬ѾƵ˫۱ʳˡҵ촽Ͷ䣬ҵָͼϵĽⱻʳڶ죬أյ˺ҵĶӣʼʳҵࡣһţһء޵ЦҲ 
죬и߽ʱأշ׷ȥҵʹ࣬ҵ˫ۣҿõѵָŴ⣺Ǹ㳡һɢһ̸졣һԼδ㽺ͱõѡ 
ҵĸеһʹʹҲҸеһʹࡣ 
һͳƵҶ˵ 
ޣ㻹ǵ 
ޣҪ 
ޣһΪɡ 
ҸȥЩĲȥ𡣡 
޵Цʧˡ 
ȡһ˲䣬ҵͷһһвȨĽҲζƷ 
õѣεˡģ߻ģֻҪҵ 
ƭң 
ҺͿͬʱ˵Ǹ֡ 
꣡ 
 




22

       ҾԼ뷨Ѿڲ֪뿨޵뷨һ¡ҾǣƺȻ顣 ǻĹаĴڡһڤڤ˵ 
йͬĵˡ޿ҡڤڤ֮иҵԽԽ΢ 
ڵͬ򵹰꣬αװԶڰ´½ʧ޵ְҵĽϡ 
ǻ򵹰꣬Լ˵ 
ûôǿЦǿѾǿĳҵԤڡȻ㻹ǲܷӳң򵹰ꡣ 
վվ㿪ȴ޷ 
ҵڶԿҵ־ 
ҰЦⲢҵ壬ԭڿ޵ġ 
ڿң 
޵ҵؿڡҾֵظоҵźڿſ޵ҲҪصԼԭȥ 
Ҽ־Ҳóѵġ㸴ϣһкͰ겻ʲôֱ𣡡 
ǻĹޣ 
޴ЦţΪ㻹ǰųҲмģʹֻأȻǵҵġѾʼˣҲڿءο 
޵ָ⴩ҵ·ȵҵš 
Ǳʯңǹ޷Կң 
ǰŮһֱػ㡣Ȼڣ֮ŦѾˡҪúøлꡣҲΪѰɡ޵סҵָ࣬ᴥĺġ 
Ϊ˸ıδ¬ļ䡣ȻȴҿԸ׵صûҵ塣 
޵ֿʼҵ 
ҵˡҵ壬ҡ 
ҧݣ˼άȴԽԽٶۡΧһнȥ 
֪ȥʲô 
޻û壬ڴϡһ֧ǿľӣս⽫һϯ´½ü͵ĺƽ٣ⳡսĿĲΪ˺壬Ϊйޡнҽ壬޹໥ɱȫȥ 
󣬵޺Ͱվս̣֮ʤѾ޹ؽҪ 
ΪֻʣһƬߡ 
ǣôأ 
ھϣ޷ٺͿؿ⡣ 
ҵ壬ڿҡ 
Ҫֿˡ޵ڻ谵֮л죺޷Կҡ 
䡣 
Ȼĺ伸һСⲻǻþʵڵġ̹ǵа˲ҵʶ 
һ 
䣬ͳ˰˵ 
޷Կ㣬ҿԡ 
һֻ԰ϸץס޵ֹȡҵꡣɭĺֻɢ 
޵ɿˡȻѪӰһ£ʧ 
ҸеֽصĸоʧǺɡҿվߣոհҴٲԨȻӰʶؽг֡ 
ǡ 
ֻһʵİӰ·һŻŨŨ֮վһݶӰȻ͸Ӱҷ·𿴵һŮˣݣʷǷ޾˵Ůӡҷ·𿴼ɫĳȹףֳʽŵĳҷ·𿴵ڿڰҧءҷ·𿴼ľıˡ 
һҵĴʹִԽʱ⣬Ҳ޷ֹʹࡣҿܵһΪҽ 
úõĻȥɡ 
û磬ҶԺ塣 
Ϊһмˣ 
Ĺͬ˵Ĺǰ 
˻ʡ 
Һ㣬һеʹ࣬һ׸пˣ˱ҵҸ֮еҸ 
˳˫ָ߸߾𳤽Լš 
޷ѵشŰɫҵָһʹʧȥ֪ɫ˪Ѹٵظҵ˫ֺۡͼסеӰȴֻǻһƬĿ 
Ҫ 
Խǧ밮ߺһ˲ӿͷҹڱӲʯͷϣˮ޷Ƶ 
Լ˵ͷãȻ̧ͷˮѸɱ 
͸һ˿ʧһ˿ο 
ϾѾһСȻѾ֪ǰҵġҵİѾɢʶУҲ档ԺлصţҺ㣬Զ㡣ԭˡΪҲ㡣 
Ľ㰡ôһУһα࣬ȥʼµȴԶ̬̹ǵĳĥ 
ҲӿٴΰҲҪһܡ 
Լޣ˭á 
ס 
¬һеĹؼ 
͵۾Լڴϡ 
 
˯˺ܾãѾҹˡ´ϵҪϡ 
Ȼҷ֣ӽһƬˮգǡ 
˪ڻµĺۼ 
 



23

       ûж룬ĸеԼ֪ʲôҪĶѥӣҳţеģ ļ̳ҵǰﻹһҧڵĿҴ͡ûǸ˿ȥ 
ǵġĵͷ˿̸ 
ȣ¥ݣֹ˼䣬ұһǰһƿţ˿ͬʱֹͣ˵Ťͷҡ 
һҵķӣһųͼӡһֻ̨֦ϵ䡣˿ֱӵˡǶû뵽һȻִǵ̸ 
˿üëɡ̫ò 
˸ת뿪Ҵߵ˿ߣȫѪӿʥѹӸµظԤ֪һУǰɡ 
˿ͷָָߵһӣ˵ 
£غһΣȻң¬δ 
ȥ˲ָֻ˹ܸе˿ԥעҵ˫ۣ˵ֻҪǻŵĶ󶼻 
ԡ¬Ҳ 
ҡҡͷҪ֪Ĳ֪ǡ 
˿Ŀɣְסҵֱص֪ʲôҡ 
и˸ң¬һеĹؼõػش˿ɻؿһ壬¬˱΢˭ģ 
ǡҵѩ׵ĳüëҲǣаĺѵ˵ǡ 
ʲô飿˿ºͶңҵ׷ʲô顣 
Ҽ˿ޡҰѸղŷ˵һ顣֮˿һ˳˼̾һ 
ΰߡ˿£ˡ 
ΪԤ֪һеδ˼ԣˡ 
˿ˣȻǺƽҿԸоĵ뾪֡һͨŮˡҵֱطǵġ¡Ҵˡ 
ȻȻץסҵ֣֮Ҹеʹ 
ôأһжѾΣѾΡûܹıˣΪʲôᷢأˡˡ޷ıģκ޷Ťת˵Ĺ켣ѵ𣿡 
ԼıˡεֻУ㲻ϵسŽ˵δ͸¶˵ÿһֻضϸ΢ı仯Щϸ΢ı仯ֻһͷתһ仰ĳֻ̣ǶһһЩ仯Ըıˡǵεֻ֮Щ仯ۻ 
˿ɫֽһ԰סſҵ֣૵صô˵ 
ǵġ˵ȫʵʥѹʧˣһͰͨˡ 
ɹˡ˿ʼ޷յķתˡ 
˿ͷ촽΢΢طҳɹˡҡҺܺ¡ 
˵ʲôӣ˵һЩֻǲĻңΪʲô¬һеĹؼ 
վƹߵҶ棬һ¡û˵¬һеĹؼ 
ڶʮǰǷǿתߡΪ˷ֹ޶Լ壬˵ɯ&amp;#8226;Ůȥչ㡣˳㣬ǣҲ¡˹&amp;#8226;ǵĸǡ¡˹Ĺùá 
û˵˿Ҳû˵ 
Ϊ˽壬ɯԼȫʥʧȥһŦһʥ֮ŦŦ¬òϵ˵ 
ֻҪ¬ڣ޾޷ȡԼ塣Ȼǻǿޣû뵽һϣܹû塣 
˭ʵ 
ꡣ˵ 
ΪʲôҾȼˡЦЦǰҲ벻ĻٽϹȥڵƷͿԵóˡıɱ˿ޣΪ˵õ޵Ȼʶ˰ıһĸ𡣾ܿ޵꣬ҲǾ޴вҪǣ޷״̬µĿޡҪ޸ 
ֻҪ޵ûԼ壬ôǿҲֻһˣǹ񡣾ǿޱȣҲԱɱ 
˵ 
ǵġҪһݵԶ鷳Ҫ޸ˣŻжϵɯŮµŦ¬ļ䡣 
ңɹˡ¬ʧȥļ֮ʱĵԽԽǿҲԽԽӽޡû⣬޲֮壬½䡣Ȼ󡭡 
忴˿һۣȻԤ֪δˡǰꡣ˿û뵽εֻ֮ϸСıĻۣγһĸı䣬Ťתĸı䡣 
ʥѹٴν֡ȴ⡣עң˵ 
ֻ֮Уռݿģһ˵ꡣ 
ڿ޻ŵʱ͵ĽȻǿĽ͡ 
ǸʱģԶԶ˹۹СңŷķͱʱǿĽһˣֱŷķӺͱĹ 
սŷķԼϸѩ֮ˣǹ 
ϧ֮ԶкõĽ֡ǹϣܹ֮Զ߸߷ɣԼӸӿԼĹҺս֮䱬మҲԼǵУҲɱǰİķߺޣ˶ΪԶݡ 
ǣ˭뵽Ϳȫ޹ϵˣıһأԼڰ˳޵ľ˹һУ˹½ֻءԼֻѾǰǵİȴκη޷ĨġֳԽֻصİ㣬˵˶ıˡڿ޼ʴʱ㣬ҸҪǾ仰 
¬һеĹؼ 
Ĺؼ¬֪仰Ȼ仰ƶϳࡣ 
ֻҪָܹ¬ļ䣬ıͻ᳹ʧܡɿ޵ˣҲı䡣 
 



24

       ָ¬ļ䡣ҵ һٵĶԼ˵¬ȥûʲôãȻ֪ĵǺϣ¬ܹǴǰʱġÿ¬ʧȥļ䣬ҵбܡ 
ôӦô˿һЩҡҡͷһû롭 
ű͵ƿ˵ײһʿͳ̴ˣϮ 
վô˿ʼ𣿡 
ʿǹǣе͸˳Ǳ֮Сղŷ˱ɱڱ 
ˡüͷһǰʱ򣬻ǶнǱġ 
Ҳе鲻ܵ˵Ŀܺܶ࣬Ǳڲǧʿս޷ȫӡǱеαװֻҪɹɱһҪǾʧءʵʲôطֵټģԼжȻ 
¥ 
ɫò԰ףŷ˹ 
˿Ҳվŷ˹¡˹ķ䶼Ǳߣ 
վſڡ˳ֳʿ· 
Ҽʶŷ˹ʵ潻ʱǸʥʿϾֻǸʮŮӣ԰ɱ͵Ϯʱʵûʲôա 
¡˹ڷֱ⼸ȻҲкܴĽȻȻġϾǰոձ͵ϮһΡһƫɣһֱǱʶΪʥʿóԸ͵Ϯ 
˵ǱƵġûѵĻǰǸ޵еĽҲǸɫսԼҺͽʦʯҲ漫Ϊ̣ڲĽṹҲΪӶɡĸ޶޵Ŀռ䣬ȻǵһĶԲߡЩȥֱֱȥȺ¥ѶԳǱṹϤ˴;ȷĿһʱҲҵҶٷһ㣬Ȼ˴·һǻ˴ʮҵʱŵ¥ѾڶʿҿǾ߱Ǳαװɱʿʬ塣 
ȻúʹࡣĽֻγһ룬ȻǸһֶ־̱ɱֵָɾ䣬õӦǵһ 
ߵͷ­üǴһ룬Ͽڹ⻬ѪѾ˺ɫѪ飬ҰɫԽҲ÷ڡҿһʬ壬ʵŷ˹Сķģһ𣿡 
һʮңĽ׳źɫʥʿǰ˭ 
ǰ˵ʥʿһĴ󽣣ͷСķ¥ϵڶһ¡˹¬Сһ𣬴⻹ʮʥʿǡ 
ȻʿѾ֪ҵݡֿǺĿˣӿһ˿ĸо 
Ȼָǿ 
ȥǡ˵¥ݣ鷳ȥ벼Ҳ 
¥խʰ׶ʱֲԤо͸ǿҡ 
ľż̶ʵƿŵʱֻ 
ŷ˹ķܿȴԵ൱ӵһ䳤εӣͰŸҵķһӡһŴһӣһӡĵطű߸ʥʿءżĸҲ׵ʿػšŷ˹¬ڴϣһµ¡˹ߵϣǰѾ޴ĺɫͷֱߡ 
ҽ¡˹¬һվŷ˹ȴûж 
¬гҵ֡¡˹߹΢ɳƵ 
û°ɣҷֹš¬ͷţɧҸһŷ˹Һ¡˹ķ䣬ʿǡ 
ҿһ۶ŷ˹¼ͻĶ̶ʱڣܹҵİţڵ˵Ƿǳѵõˡŷ˹ӭҵĿ⣬ƽʵôˣ 
ҵǡҿ¬ŷ˹ҡͷܱԼүүأ˭ڱ 
̩Ӧúһ𡣡¡˹˵˵Ȼˣɲǵġ 
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ŷ˹ŵĴ߾Ǵӡǰӡ¡˹ǰŷ˹ʹ֮䡣 
ҽҲվҡ̶̵Ƭ֮䣬ڴǰʥʿ֮һȻ齣ŷ˹ֱȥ 
ٶȼ죬վһʥʿȫûзӦʱ¡˹¬ŷ˹ֻҿˡҺ֮ȴ¡˹¬ˡ 
ģֳ齣¡˹ķӦ죬һԾڿתˡ 
һжֻһգ۵Ĺʥʿеĳɫһȵɱͷŷ˹ŷ˹һŴأӭȥ׽ͷ֮ǰ˲ƫһ˳ֳϵĺɫֶڰе¡˹ŮķӦȻԶԶ͵ϮߵԤϡ׽Ʋһ̵ľΡľȻжϵıУɫëƮɳǺɫеëһǳɫĻ棬Ϊҽʥʿ齣һ̺ͻնŮ֫ŷ˹˳ֽһƣ׽Լ֮䡣̵ľһ룬ʱŷ˹Ѿִӻڴǰʥʿ֮һĽγ˳ֻԷе׽ 
˫һŷ˹еĳϡҲ΢赲һ˵Ľơ 
ŷ˹һ֮浹ڵϡʥʿе׽һ٣ӭͷȥ 
顱һ¡˹ɫĵڼʱסѿȥ޼᲻ݵĳ 
ڵϵŷ˹һ֣İضϽʥʿԷһͷһʱҵľ޽Ѿʣֱĺ󾱡 
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ʱΧʿʥʿǲŷӦ׷װγΧ£ 
ʥʿгһӣ¡˹ŷ˹һժԼͷ 
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ãáܴ콣ˣǵһ 
˭¡˹ðǰʵ 
ڰʿ˹ش𣺡ÿҵĿ겻㡣 
ָоһӿҸеԼ˷ܵš 
ڰʿֱĸ 
ǰһ 
˹ҵ֡˹һֻۡһƳȻĿ͹̶ҵϡ 
ⲻܡ޴ˣ 
Ҵ˶֡ЦԼĶ񶾵Цҿ¡˹ŷ˹еľ壬ҲںҺȻúɱһɱһаצ 
ĶӦҡ𳤽 
˹ȻЦˣϸ۾гɷ϶ 
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޵˷Ѱ 
һۿɼĺɫŭ¡˹һӣǸ֣ 
˹˹ 
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¬Ҵž군˰ɡΪ¬ķһһƫҵֻ࣬Ǵ̴ҵķΣж߹ǡ 
ʹࡣҸеֲڵĽ汻гȥҸе̵Ѫ˿ӿÿһڿζ񱻻ա 
ʲôϵ 
ԭƻ䡣̵һӿϺѪͷҲصؿű˹еĵɾ֡ 
㣬Ȼ˸ұͱӵļһ 
˵ĶԡǱһǱô򵥡 
ԴԴǱԴ£Դǿ̹ǵĳޣԴ֪ʶ֮ԴԴӿҵС˿鴤ʹʹǵûҷŭ 
ŭ侲 
˵Ķԡ 
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25

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ҺȻת¬ѾǳǱˣĶдɿɫĳҵɢԾɽҧأŶ̽һõص 
Ǹ׵ľˣ밢˹˹ͱ˹ͬΪڰʿʵҲࡣǴΪ˸õαװ࣬ĳַԼС¬ֵİ˹˹ʱͨ˵Ĳ࣬ŵ۹ʽİףƤֳһŻɫһͷ̰ĺɫ̷ȼɫĻ档һѪĺɫҵѪ 
һعͷʱ򣬰˹˹һб¬ĸǺ׶㿪һֻҪ¬ԱߺһͿԱܿһ 
ܿĻһͻҡ 
ֻȫԶ̽ѹͼһȻıԶ֡˹˹ؽֱ¬ĺ 
ȻҵץסĽ 
׸ҵƣӲĽѹڹͷϡ 
ʹܵʹࡣ 
˹˹齣ĦҵĹͷֻѵس˼糤 
˹˹üĺȻһĲྱбѪۡһ˫ɫһӴۿ˳ҷſץ֣¬ȻһŰҵĽ߿˹˹űһ룬صصڵϣأַץס磬ԼһѿһѪ˿лӿڵʳһƬѪһͷذķ϶ 
˫۾ɫϨˣնؿҡ죬Ѫͣشӿ 
Ȼ忪ʼ΢Ц 
Ϊɱңǰɡ˵ĺ﷢̴ٵڣûôױɱҵġ 
˵仰˹˹ֱͦͦڵϣˡ 
µͬʱеʿǶʼƵ׷׹أϵĿۻ͵ļſ˹ϸ̶Ц 
㷸˴޴ˡ 
˹˹ѪѪ֮ԴͷֻҪᵽѪȵζһ̷䡣Щɰ˹˹֮Ѫαװǣһαװ߸Ϊǿ 
ڣҪôأ 
ȿԼĴɡڰʿתһ¬ű˹߹ȥ 
޴˵Ȼʹ˵еһǿҵȻĵ֡˹ŵضңȻ͵һ 
ǴӡͲУ˹ĳЦĺҹﴫڴڵʥʿѾȫ䣬һҺ¬˹һŷ˹Ҿ޽һӣαװߵԴϣѾѱεͷɡαװ߳صһɳȥײǽϡ 
¬Ҫ뿪ҡҵ˵ 
ȻеαװǷ˹ 
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ס֣ 
޵ĻʧˡҿԼǰһ߼һ̯ʬ壬ҵϺȫѪʬĲк֮С¬ֵץҵֱۣҵ֡ 
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սʧԼġŷ˹䲻Ƶ˵ 
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Ȼؿ˿ǣÿһˣ˵ҿǺҲûʲô 
ıӡŷ˹ſҵ 
Ѫ֮޷ʴӵʲͺѪͳ֮ˡ˵ 
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ҼǵԼʱ˵һ仰 
һƬޱ޼ʣʰĺڰ 
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ǵġˡһ˲䣬ͽҵϡûпܣûûпֲʹࡣһжˡ 
ˡĳ϶ԡ 
һθʱһԺ顣۾ĵһ˿ 
Ȼļ档 
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˿Ҹеڸ﷢ࣺôˣʲô飿 
˿¶һ飬ʵ˭ 
Ҳ¬Ⱦôͼ̷ԼǱ͵ţƤڴϵġҿЦʲôˣǰ 
˿³һûˡ 
һƬµĻ졣ʣʸɡ˹⿪ҵҸһӣһ˹رסҡ 
ҵ֣һһؽš 
 
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ˮ§¬ӣĺ󱳣ôˣ׳ʲô飿 
˰һݵϡһֻֽӹһڡˮ˳źȥʵĸоӿ 
¬ץ¬ģôˣ㡭 
ҺȻסˡ 
ϣųص 
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ޱҸϤõǿ޵ȫɱ¾֮ʱѾҵġ 
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ȷȫȡĿȨ֮󣬿ɱҡ 
ļƻȱһ㡣 
û뵽ǣոնԼ֮ˡΪȻŵʥʿ֮ʥǿ̼ʱϵŷ˹İ¡ڽһ 
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һжϣЦǣһзʱǸˡʲô֪ʹ˸һУҲֻ򵥿Լ¼ 
ΪһҶûȥû̫ĸдҿһһҹзһУ뿨޽սʱĽΣգ¬޷ԼֱʱȻӺ¡˹Ϊ˱ȫҶ֮ͬļִЩҶ뵽Ҳȥǡ 
ΪһзʱѾˡҶԣһһҹʱ䣬ֻǶ̶̵İĺڰһ˲䡣 
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ҵ̬ȴδһ˿һı仯֪һΪ޵ʱ򣬲Ӿֳżƺȫ⡣ 
ֻҵѣֵܡңӲе־壬Ҳٴζڰȫȫҡº˵ôһ죬аһϺСô˲ϣ 
ûκˣϣ 
ʱҵÿһӶ¬һȹһ¬ƺԤеʲôǲٷֿһӡ 
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һƬܶ˶뵽ǸܵĴ𰸣û˸˵ 
ڡ˿ؿڵ׶ 
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ȥҪɡļ򣺡Ŀʲô鱾塣Ļ˶ħ 
ѹ˵ңһֹġ 
ڵ磬¡˹ǧʿ󲻾ãյһЩϢЩϢʹֻΪʯһֱαװΧʹ޷żʱ͵ʱҲž˿鱨ķΧ֮ 
Ҳ˴αװߣħϾȫԸؼԵֿ˿еֽиҲڰæء 
ǵġ˿ķҲ˶Կαװߵս֮С 
˱֮⣬汾͵˹ĵһҲдαװ߿ʼӿ֡ͷչȥҪһһٶĺڰʥսˡ˿̾Ϣš 
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㲻ǿԤ֪һ𣿡ʵѵ㲻֪Դͷˣ 
˿ЦѾŤתˡҵԤ֪ѾʧȥЧ֪һЩ飬Ҳұ֤ǲĻᷢ 
ڶ峿յһЩżһ԰Ӫأķʦдġ 
ҵ˱ԴͷţһеĸԴԴڰӪظһ֮ΪߡڡеıƺǴ￪ʼģҲķӡʧЧı졣 
οҪ鷳ˡ˿Ƿŵݸҿ 
Ѿ޷Ԥ֪Ҫ飬ֻԼжϡҪԿαװǣЧķ·ӡꡣѾѪ֮˻Ϊʧȥаԭǣֹķ½зӡµķӡҲܿʧЧ 
ҵļƻġҺ̩Լʦǰӡڵıȶˣ¬̻صģͶ͡ر𲿶Ҳɳһѣǹͬɵţǰߵ췢ԭ򣬲Դͷ 
һֹ̼ǿӡѰԶһ硣 
ҵĹ¾͵Ϊֹˡ 
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˳ΪӢ֪ۡһˡ 
һѾԶʧȥˡ 
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ǣôõأ 
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