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װġ뿪ҡ
ߣԶ



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һһ

       Ҹôһ 
վʱ˵Ͳܳôһ𣿡 
˶סظ۾ش𣺡Ѹ߸Ьԣ 
Ǹ߸ЬˣֱظһͣǱҰôһ 
ǸĹͤͤҴﳣ븧֡Σѵһ֡Ƥ۰֬Ĳӹ⻬ 
֮һ仰˼ûôֱӿԸһΨһڣ˵ǴӺＷǵòǣòഺڸչԲʵظܲ 
ҵȤȻ˵˵ҸôһԲʵظ֪Ƕ鷿ǷʵԣֻͷȻʱһѽ˵һ̽⡪ġ 
ѣֻð˫ִ硣ǣ˶ֻʳĴǡ 
Сˣɫ 
ʲô˼ 
ûʲô˼Ǻǡ 
˵ʲô˼Ұøˡ 
֪ʣ㣡һִֻҵţܺɫ֪𣿡 
ô㺦ġ 
ϲ¶ˡҾҪˡ 
óԿɣ 
ᡣ 
治᣿ 
治ᡣ 
ҾͲˣ 
ң 
ǲ˵һֱţ໥ĴϢоű˴˵ 
ǻҪã̲ס 
֪ɡ 
ʲôп 
ͬⲻͬҼȥ 
Ҫͬأ 
Ҿһֱš 
Ҫͬأ 
ҾɿĲӣȻŴϰˡ 
ң 
ЩѳֲסΪѾʼҵĶĦҵĺ󱳡 
ˣ𣿡Ǳʡ 
롣 
Ϊʲô㲻ϲң 
֮󣬻롣Ȼ󡪡 
Ȼ 
Ȼ󣬴ĸС㡣 
ͣǺĦǿʼĬ 
ʶˣ˳Ĭ 
˰ɡ 
ԡ 
һˣ 
ԡ 
ˣ 
ԣԡ߸ˣ 
߸£ 
ǵģֻ߸£ֿʼңҰ㡣 
Ǹ󡣡 
Ϊʲô 
֪ 
Ϊұôһ 
֪ 
ţǳĬ˴˵κδϢ 
һʼ֪ûнԣ䲻ȵضңԾ 
Ҳɡ 
ΪʲôҪң 
᲻ˡҿʼ 
ڶ죬սﵽϣ˵㰮ңһһΡ 
Ұ㣡 
ڶ꣬յţ֪ϲ鷿ϲСƻɽ죬СƻҲزȥˡΪ˵ϲûС 
ֹ꣬¹սſڴߣķ򣬿ʼǰҲ 
һŮ߹㲻϶ɣ



˵İϷ Ů˵ļ

       У˵һ˶Ůˣ˵Ұ㣬һŮӭˣж˵װģҰ㣬Զ ܹ˵Ů˿һĻʼ˵ˣ˵İϷѣˡܹ˵˿һĻҲʼ˵ˣŮ˵ļˣҼˡǺǣеʵϷϷҲϷ̨̨һϷ 
ܶ༴ˣڻԼҸʱᵽֻ֣˵Ĺ̡ǵģ;ʣԲǽ֣Ƕݻ˲Ĺ̡˵Ӻ͹ҸһԶͯ˵Ӻ͹Ҹһ𣬸ӦΪµĽֻ֣ΪµĹ̡ 
ֻͯںӣһȺѾǺӵĳԹŮõĹԻǣʹΪֻҪ׷󣬼ֲи׷ô̻Ϊ֡˵빫ôûаɡʵôʵɡͯ߳ɣ˵˵˵İϷŮ˵ļ 
ʱΪһ飬ƺܶڣ뿼Ǻܶϸڣֻܱ֤ɹ˵˺ŮҲһĻôͬҪ׼ںϸڡϽıԡıǰôܾʤǧԣΪɲɹ׼˺ܶϷŮ׼˺ܶ༿ףΪһһذȥϵ· 
ǺǣҲţΪϲô˵ġǸ˵еµˣнˣвصˣаĵˡһҪǵƸɫջʲôȨջˣǮջˣջˡֵܵôѵѾõɷôˣˣҶˣһ㡰ˮ¥̨ȵ¡ 
˵㱻ƭˣԼ׵ʹ꣬ΪںһΪ߾ܵϷ˵ԼƭˣˣŪ˴к˽İ飬Ϊ㲻óǡҪס֮֮СĵѧڰʹͿɬʱһյ⣬۵ʱ򣬴ҷʹʱԼ䡣 
Ҫ˵ǻ飬Ƕ󡣱̣ϵ۸ǵˣͱˡûˣ˵ټɡֻԼ˺ΪǴģԵģȫһַǶԵ˼άȥάϵǿǣͨԲʵԼĳ죬ﵽƺ쳾侲 
ʱ㷢ְɡ֮İ鶼ܱһʽĻ˴Яݻһ̡ 
ԣʹ˵İϷŮ˵ļеĳ̬ԣ˵ɣûʲôġԣܶӭİŮ˧磬α޶ãض΢Цô



ʿʺŻ

       ˵ʿòձAVеƷջ󣬶ƷջԻʿװŮţѵһ½ˬΪʲôأǺ֮ж֮ɡ 
СձˣǾǣϣй˰СձŪСŪһһġӰС˵Ҳ⡣ձСŮˣҵˡϣѻȥȥκʷкƫЩձС˳Ϊձˡ 
ղʿͬʽʿ߲ӫֻڳζųΪʹҪ˵ղʿʽʿͬ㣬ֻбˡղʿӫϱɫʽʿӫ±ɫΪʲôô˵أԷΪʵ໤ʿǰǷڶѣٵĲˡĶͬͶȻҲͬҲɫɫˡ 
ˣвˡ 
ԣⲻãҲãﲻ⣬ﲻ⡣ǰԼ̳Ĺ˿ͣϵ۵ĴҪʿĹ뾡ƾҪÿΪԼĻʿϲǵĻʿϾAVŮţǮɫˬŮˡ 
˸̳ͬĹ˿ͣȻһǻǮһǻԼҪƷһǻԼĽʱв𡣺οǰģǮǱģȸǮЩݶŲ˲ܳΪϵۣΪһζҪܵķ񣬱ϵۼأ 
ⲻвô 
ĹؼڣǵĻʿûгΪʹȴʹı׼ȥǿǡϰ£ǰʹǷ뵱ȻĴ󡣲˵ǰϵİ߰գ˵ľ飬ĵܸʹףЩʿԶһ仨˵ѼߴسûûεĮʹ־ĥŲˣҲĥŻʿǵӾ 
ǰ̫궼ٺ£ﻹųʹЦݣοʵΪԼһʱģ԰Ѹˣκŵӣ𣿱Ϊȥİ£޵ķ£ܶ˵Ŀߡ 
ã侲£侲·ڵѪҺ 
УǽʶһȺʿطȥЦղáŹʣ·Ӻڰһ㣬ڽɫҫ£ͬһʹǣиȴ˵ŻˣԶһʿҲ죬Ϊ˵ 
ϰ˻Ĳ˵Ļʿܲϰߴؼһϴ𣿡



Ů˵˵΢

       죬һŮ졣ңϲƯŮˣǴŮˡǵһĽƻֲһ䣺ɼ֮ Ҵ𣺡ȳƯģˣʧƷġ 
ʵҺܱ΢йɡ⡱ĳ嶯ʱĳ嶯ֱһִӶСһŮһ衣˵ʵڣҲųŮֻųЩ߰Ů 
ûб˸ˣ˭޷˵ҲϲŮƫŮûԸƷζ̫ˡ 
ԣĻǣС׳ĸ첲һϸŮڻȻֱڡ̣ȱݣܲʵ֡ 
ûлģһֱ׷ǻǻػػءţֻҪһ¸ҵģûʲôǲܵġ 
һ죬һŮԸΪҶ˵ٲңҾȥ⻰ûñΪ֪Լĳª΢ĳªǣҵ꣺֪ɣиŮԸΪȥأ 
Ҳ˻˵ųЩ߰Ůһ˰ɣҵҴӲѣҲûѹ 
ݣҷĻ漸ʵģŮ˶Ǹ߰ŮһŮźʱõĻشһܼࣺ 
һЩ߰Ůϲǰ԰ڣ԰ԭʼʱڵƨɣ԰Ƴʱڵ鷿԰Ǻִʽۡ֡š 
Ҳͬң֪ʵĲпжôʹࡣԣǱֳ˶ͬǸĻˡʵϣֻǸǣڵйϯë󶫡񶼲ףΪʲô֮ЦȻһؽСѽѽ 
룬ǵ̡ԣǺ׼õǡ 
Щ߰Ůˣ˸Ծķ֡Ӧ𾪡ǾȻĽҵı΢ 
ǸңʵʱһϴΪʵǲԸСֻΪ檡ʵҲںڵëҲǳȥСʱҲ΢ġϡﻩֻǿЩªڲĿ˺ԡ 
ǣ֪߰ŮҲ٣ǵĻ汦һѪܣ˵ޡʱҷǰŮ˶Եٲǿ鿴Ϸܸ˵ôôûζʵøɶƵģȴװʿѵȥǿ㰡 
ˣȥǿǣϲĿУΪѾ˱ǿˡųǵһԭ 
ʵ˵ر΢Ϊ벻Щҽڣ̹Ȼؽеȱݡ 
ʵ˵Ů˲߰߰Ů˲ŮŮһץһѵ 
ʵ˵⡰󡡱ԡ⡱һֱȥңֱȥ



Դ 

       䣬ϰ߰Ѱøͯһ컨׹Ʈ࣬⾳Զȴ֪˶׷ͯ޹ߡ Ҫ˵ͳⲻ̬ϡ飬ʵڵ԰Ӹ飬ǵøô翣԰и飬и԰а飬߶СͲʺࡣΪЩڰԸͷģ̸˵ 
ʱԴͲȡ̬ȣͶԴ͸ȡ̬ȣڲࡣ 
Ϊ⣬ѰøɵƵĿɼ𣿱ôء 
Ϊ¶Ѱ鿴øڽʽƵʥׯأܽ𣿱ôɵð 
˵ᵽİ԰Ӹ飬ƺƬ֮ӡôǰѰչҲ԰ҵͥΡӵȡҾҪʣж£׷ʱ˵ĶЩչأ 
ܲںͶԷһʱ˵Ұ㣬ΪҺҵҰ㣬Ϊ齨ͥҰ㣬ΪҪΣҰ㣬Ϊӡ 
Ҫ˵ˣ˲˵вŹ֡ 
ͨǰһˣΪĳʡʣЦò̸ֹ²صȡ 
һҲ⡣Ұͣһ鰮ô鰮վҪ԰ġû԰鰮ǻĵģȫǷġΪﶼý䰡;ˡˣ˵Ǻģ˵뽻еġôȫ԰Цò̸ֹ²أһ԰Щˡ 
ɰ԰Ǽ԰Ѱ鿴԰ӸĽϡԣƬĽͣʵȻʱԳΪ 
ôӦ԰и飬и԰أ 
ΪûбҪۣͬۼ˭ȵ⣬塣ؼΣθʺ㡣ȷ֫װͷԣøݵʱҲȴӣȴ£ϲá 
УǸԿܶİ飬ѹκϲõĿ߽⡣Сλ֤ݣѾеúܡ 
ǸԿܶ׵İ飬ȻҲԺҵ޵ðͬɡ߹μˣ֤ݣʱ·еúܡ 
˵Щͨ˵ͨ顣̫˴Ļ׷԰ĻΣЩԵ˳ˮһգǱǱ˦ 
ѵòһЩԵĳɹߣҿӢۣø顰鰮Ӣۼ 
ϣ˹۵㡣



˵˵  ޻

       ʲô˻˵ԾǷԷС˻˵̬ ֮ǻˣΪԵԣ֮ǺˣΪԿаѻ˿༫ˣôмˣʱѡĬ 
ѡĬˣūԣø˵Կаˣˣɵȫڶ¶ѵ㲻ãһ˵Լǻ˵ˣһ˵ԼǺ˵ˣҪøʵʵţɻرܵҪν˳Ϲϵ 
ϰ߲ԼǹһŮ˵㿴Ǻˣǹģ¡Ů˶øжڷѸײڶͳǹͷΪϲ֡ԣŮ˵Ϲۡ 
ϰͳԼǹһŮ˵㿴ǻˣǹģ°ɣŮ񰲶˻˵ǹͦģԣŮ˲ţľؽӹһԣͦġö֮ˣˡԣŮ˵˲Ҳ 
Ǻ뻵ϵ˵׶װװ⣬ΪԱ͸õԣԲСֻǸ˷ͬҪͳһˡ㷹Сһ죻㷹һ٣㷹ʵڴþˣǾȥͰɡ 
ԣി¶üκε׺ҪаأǸ°ľˣǰԼװϰľأ˼ϴжȴηηأ֮򣬸ȴҪ֮ǧأ֪¶Ҫ̸ɫأ 
ɣҹ˾ĳϣйеĴ˲ᷢЩڴڵ𾢵ģһǿķǵνˡЩˣҲţͲϡЩҹ 
ԣԵȡ˵ƷӣƷӲͨԵȡԡϰ߰͵鿴ɳܣһСıعˡ̱ԼĻǵ°ܻΪ 
ҿƷģǡǡЩԼݹ٣̤ν˾ӡôˣŰ֮ôˣǵѵ㲻ҹƵĵҧ飬Щڱϵġ 
ԣǹƽģġ˵ʹŮ˵ĹҲŮ˵ѧ˵̰ 
Ϊνĺûûб׼Ĵ𰸣ֻд𰸵ı׼ؼȷʲôı׼



дƪĽһԶ

       ǰ죬иѴȤ˵дƪİɣһԼҵʱͲ²նġҪҳȥν֣ 
һǴ˵ݣģдˡ 
֪أϲ˵Сʱ򡱡磬ھͺ˵ 
˵СʱƶӺܼѡڱʱҪƶҪѡ 
֮ԸζСʱζܴһԭĿǰÿµǸɽֹǸɽˮʡңרأƤؾǲϻͷ 
ѧʱҼʦ˵ĻúѧϰϣҲǲΡˣñӰһ֧۱ʶڽҺǽϵ¶Ҿ˺ü꣬ηҲ⡣ 
˳ʱҾѧ˵̶ʱѾȫʦĻˡ 
ܽԭ򣬽ǣǷ۱̣ÿ춼ظţҲϰˣҪȱˣͲС 
ò׼˴ѧУţǿؼ尾˱ҵڿʼμʥׯϵĹ湤˵ֱ췽ҹ̷Ϊϰٵ;ˡ 
Ҫǣϲϸɻ˯ԣÿ˯ʱλ쵼绰ĵһǣ˶ˣզ˯أ 
֮еض˹ȴ֮ŮߵŮϵƲʣɫƮƮȥҶҺüˡ 
ĵʱԸ˵ǿֵʱԸҷǣЩĻֵ¶޹ء仰˵ôֻһڣ˵Լô鰡 
ö֮ұޱȣÿ춼Ҫʮ龵ӣԽԽԼʵͦ˧ġŲϷͣһµĳ 
һõ壬еһŮ˵ϲѾ6ˣ޸ҰɣŮҪУһҪң˵һ飡˵һ飡 
ٴظ̲֮ס˹źܶ˵ҵҶͷһڣ˵̫ɰˣ̫ɰˣ 
ûдңΧеѾȸԾΪǺߣתеֵܽǣػȭͷʾʤ 
ڶ죬ȴӵʧ֪ͨΪһѾ6ĳŮңŮ֪ͨ㣬´ٸô˵ɲٵЦˣû׼һӡ 
ҼˣæʣΪʲôϲҹҳأŮͣһ£˵˵˵˳ó󣬵ĵһаȫС 
ˣң 
죬ԴΪ۵ҪȥҽԺһ飬ҽңأӶɫˣһһСضһСضģƳܱ 
ٺÿҪնʮı龵ӣԽԽԼʵͦġ󣬸ɴĶҲȥʹддǣʼûվӣֱһ죬Ǿӡһ˶ǽϡ 
ˣͽЩǺǡ 



Ů˺

       ĳҹһŮƣػҳذԼӽһԵɳȻȼһ̡֧׵ĺڰУͷһɼ Ů˵Ϊʲôϴأɳûشֻܺݳ顣 
ҵı飬һڸղŵķΪ˿̣롣 
ǵģˣǴϵ塣ߣΪѾҪˣҪŮ˵壬Ҫ̸Ҵľ 
֮ǰҵݸһ֧˵Ҳ̵ġʵӦó飬һ飬һ;͸̣˵ֻԵ֣ûг֮Ե֡ôˣҲɢˡ 
ʵҺܼǿǿӿʱơ 
ңҲô 
˵ܺãûҲС 
ΪʲôҪң 
ΪȥŮˡ 
Ů˶ôҪ𣿡 
ǵģʱ㻹Ҫ 
ѹʱֻһ룬ͺݺݵҡ 
ҵĴô 
ҲġȹįҵΡ 
Ǻǡлл㡣 
ãҾЩۡ 
´Щۡ 
û£㡣 
ҹ˾ʱԹԵҡҪʱһ֧ζܡҲҪʱ򣬸ɴһĽ 
ãң֪ʲôʱҪĳ֣ôϣʹ˺ 
ʵҲǲסԼĿɣ޷סǴϵµյҼá 
ʱԼԼ⵽ǽֻҰèޡһҵĽŲûзӡ 
ҪǰֻǸж鰮Ļ졣ǵİʵʱǽǣʱڲݶѣʱֻл䣬ֻ׷ֻжԷ 
ŮƺˣҲ߹ں£Ҳҡҷš 
ϴɣ㱧ҡ˵ 
ٳһ֧ 
ǲǷˣ 
ǣţȥ˯ɡ 
㰮ô 
⣬ԥ 
ǾٰһΡ 
ֻһΡ 
ҵŮˣŮЩŭ 
ûУ㲻ǼŮ𣿡 
Щεؽţٵ£ȴ߽Ӳķŭ뿪Ůͬһֻ⵽ϷʵС÷¹ 
ʱԼľһֻСǣϰ߰һֻС÷¹ƵΪǹȴ·ʱӸΧҰ 
ŮˤŶȥʱɳ̡ 
ңôȥأ 
˵ġ 
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ġ 
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ˡ˯ 
Һݺݵ̣ʹһۺ۵





       °˵ηƣһʱЩȻ һͼʱֶǺϼܺ͵ڶδչƣҶֵֵ죬ұﲻסˣΪ걾ȷʵ˵ʲôˡ 
˵лɡ 
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ܶ࿴ǰ벿ֵ˶˵̫пᣬܲáʵдʱҲЩѹ֣ЩſЩơ䵽߳ʱ̸ụ̂ʵܡҪΪпĸппС۵˺Щǻԡ 
ЩǣΪ̵̡ԣһһϦ֮ɣǾ֮ȻȻд۵ģ˹˫мвѪ֣ܵԼɳƶµװģ뿪ңĴۡԣ˵ĺӱźܶ಻㡣Ʃ磬ʵİպͲпжϡˣ˵ĺӺܵδɡ 
ҲڶV½ڵ汾ϧ˵ֲã˵V½Ҫǰݾ̫࣬ΪʲôҪȡΪʲôѾʷǰ棿 
һɡЩף뺷Ӳˣѳɲ֮ʵźܶ࿴ĶߣתͷҪܣǺǡҲǱĶһֱϲȥ֮һɡ֮ǰܶ˵Σڴ˱ʾл 
ھ½ΪʲôܷǰдҪͳС˵ᳫƴͳǸ߿һɻ䣬ƽʵڶ֡Ƚ϶ԣҾô˷ʵ 
һ׷ۣ 
һ˿˵ 
ǱǰƷزֵסġϾ˿̡ʵŮϵһһİ飬ǣ٣ŷߵİ˵Ĳ֪롣ͯ˲ǣ˵ɣ㿴ʵİ顣ǣһѷֱ˵ʿĹʬ˵ɣ˵İϷŮ˵ļҿʬ¿ֲĿɢŸϢȴȻֻ˵ļ̺Ϭĵʹǣȥȴ֣²ŵǿ׸֮ģ˵ȡȥʹɣЦʹ 
ǰҴﵽ׷֮ЧôѾɹˣ׷飬ҪӳᣬʾԣԲָ䡣ǱҪӳ⣬ҲһĻꡣٴθл׷ԼĴ͡ 
һ42ֶС˵걾ˡµŬҲһ䡣ڼ䣬Щҹҹ尾ҲãҲգȥˡԸؽݼٵ£Ҽûмʲô⡣ÿĸоÿϴһ£ֱȫϡ 
±飬˼ɣĿǰдСµǰ1015ȻʼϴʱϣǼֺ֧͹ллң




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һ 
һ ĻῪʼ˵

       ʶ֮ǰ֪Ưܶ׷Σֻ˵˵ҪǿϸýᡣˣԱ˲η塣 ʱƣһҶηŮˣ׷󣿵ȻǺ¶ҲѵңʹҶٶЩִ 
˵ʤȥܽϸҾ룺ֶûеŮˣƾʲôʹң 
ҷһŮﵽҵͷл˵ôôġҾܣܵþ֪ڴǷҲԵ 
ʱҲңڽô 
С 
룺ѾΧǷŮˣҲ俼ô 
ǣʱܣ鲻䣬ţ۲ݣʱС˵գҼͷ 
ƺ˺öࡣвᵱָ𣬶ѡڻ󣬰ҽȥİ칫ҡҲͨǣȵʲôأ˵ҵ©ʱĿȻɲͣһⱾͿԱġ 
˵ʵڣ֪ʲôʱϲҵģԽԼôͲ׵ϲˡ 
ʱҾ;ԼǸ·̯߰СǸڳȺﲻ׼̯㡱ĳǹܣͬȴ˴šڣҲϽҲмأأꡣ֪Ůڸ°ӡ 
죬˵Լ𣿡 
ЦŲʣѵįԺˣ 
״̬ȱȣ֪ 
ұȥŮΪ¿ĩȷʵϣ΢ЦҲζǣԴӦ˵ðɣįŮ˾ҲΡ 
ϣƮŰѩֵϼˣнֵ̯Ҳȥ˲٣ȫûյ֡С໥ţѩŲŽŲ 
ӭŷѩߵǼҽɫľưʱѾˣվſڽΡƺڵңΪѾվԱߣȴȻ֪ 
ŮأҴչͷȥ 
һˣһðһҵ˵ߣ 
ҹ£ΪǸϹŮˡҲ˵ϹǸʲǧĵزϰ壬ȴʼհʲô¶ӡǣҹĵطһСһ𣬱˳һۣɵóˡΪ˵ͲǳɷȣڶԴԺϡ 
ʵҳٵҲԭġг񵽰·ʱͻȻ죬ôáǣɴ·ߣͽ 
¸ҡ˺£ƫҵưꡣûǵȵĳ嶯ͼ飬һͺΪز׵ 
ϴھưɱŮק֣ǰꡣ 
ǴΣﷸ¶ˣСνźȾơźţ£ñȡ鵶ˮñȡ͡ࡣΪСҪˣɲңƫƫôϲҳһʱôšƾʲô׵ĻᶼûУͲִҵİ鱩̥У 
ǺС˵֪ʵϲþˣѵһоûôͲҪأ 
СûȼȴðѸҪ͵ơһȫҵϣˣ˵ʲô 
ûĨ˰ɬɬģֲỹǾƣ֪㲻ңΪûŪϴ 
ٺɷ˵ҵ־ߡ 
ȥĶ 
˵ȥң㴲 
ʲôק֣ȴס 
ȥң㴲ظȴǴӺ׳ġ 
ҾȻסˣװƵĲ֪վšƮưɡ 
ưɵĽмԴε£ΪǰࡣղơƵİŮʣҪ𣿡 
Сξôһˣҷֲ֪Ǹǡĵʱ򣬵Ҫ㡣 
绰˵ʮӣȻҾȥ 
ʮ𼱵شӴϡͿ·ϵݣȴǲţû¶ˣȥɡ 
ҪΪ֮ǰڵ绰﷢ƿĵҷһţȻһͨˣ˵İ۱Ⱥӻ 
ٻصѾıѣض绰Ҿ뿴ؼĹЦֱӰѵ绰ϣһ˷ 
˵İϷݶˣҲûô̬ȣʱɴ߲æء˵չ˵绰ϱӼ˯ 
ĳ죬˵ֵܣҪˡ 
˵⻰ʱر棬ȴر٬·԰ڣ԰˰ˣӰˣܲ¶ɣ㡣Ҳòڡֱһҵİ칫ϣҵĳҲסˡ 
дġҪˣףҰɡֻ˸ԺҲǰһȾˡ 
ʲôʵĻԣͽʵĻԡ 
ʲôԵ֣ͽԵ޷ݡ 
ʲôжϳˣҾͽжϳˡ 
˵ȥң㴲ʱһװˡϣ˵ȴ׳һʿ˵ˣúðɣףǡ 
ѵһŮˣ᲻ռ𣿸ҪûʿΪʲôһŮһȴûУװʲôأ 
죬ͳƤУǰŮȻһƿ׷˳ȥ 
СΣߣȵȣлҪ˵ 
˵ɣءԾߣ̡ȻҵǱӰ 
ҡҡСĵظϣȴ֧š 
ʲôҰл˵ƨšͻȻתףһ 
ҡ˵ˣúðɣףǡȻװװѵӡ 
ʱҼԴʶСһμĶᡣԹȻͣ» 
ǰһҪȥһľӣһ 
ȥģ͵һ̧Ƶȭ˶ԱŷһֻҸҡ 
˫۽˳һʶץİȵ̧ͷѾһ⳵ꡣڳŹǰŲʱֻϸ޳СȣԼ⻬Ľ㡣 
С˵Ҳ˵лҺȾƣûһȹҲܿ˸ŮѣСۡҴӲȫһ㶼Сɧ磺Сɧߣۻݶȥ 
ΪʲôأΪһΰƭҴ߲ʱҾ͸ֻܽ䣬εġߵͨ죬ͣش˫֣ŵ°Ͳסضֻǵͷɣȥ 
ºôĸԸأ 
糺ȴһ˵û¶Ը⡣ 
˰ɣûûεŪô棬ΪɵΪɧɧüв˫ȣԼһåϵߡɵҾԿųΪüԱдκ֡ 
ҸСκѾٱԼװȥˣСǵһɱŮˡôأǵڶ 
СקܣѾǸƽηĵŮˣþƵĻ·ḻض壬ǸߺǷڴϵض˵



ڶ Ҿڽ

       ļҲʱС ÿ컻װҴƵһһشѡִԷޡһһ׵شֻٴҾ񿴴Ĺز˳ۡİ칫мʿԼԷǺȲ裬һһֻţʱ洫Ĵǳţ̶ˣҾͲ£ǶǼٹ˽ȥˡ 
żҹʱ֣ͻȻһ绰ѯߺ󣬹˾ûг⣬оһطܵʣԷ˰ɣʱȽ϶ҲȤϼ䡣 
ôˣι𣿡绰ҳЦʡ 
ãɴ˵аʱ䣬³ٷιԡ 
δֺ٣ʱǸ߰ߣ 
Ƿݲϸ׼ãȻµ׽۷ 
ˣҲ͡ 
ڶ죬ҷǵûаʱϽϣһٵŭգڵ绰ﳯҷ𣺡ˣ˯Ҳݷεˡ 
һΪϸ۵Сɧս˴ 
ʵϣʲôûɣĵˡڴкңջһ𼱻ǵϱġΣǴ̫ߣһ٪塣һĵһҹֱ绰ѣҲûϵǴһڵ绰Թȴ飺ʲô˰Ŵϲ 
Ҳϰĸ߸ϣϰ˸ں涢ŵƨɣֻҵĴ 
ܾãЩĥ÷˵Ů͵ҪޣȴҲͣİ취εˣҸģҸתǵ**ѡԼķʳ 
ڣʵسҵǰ㹻Ļ롣 
ֻйŮĻƶĵƹ£ȥף¶Բ˶鷿ߣɫĽסţһظ˵ҵģٿϹۡҲŲᣬ°ͣרرˡ 
ôˣÿ𣿡 
ÿû۾𣿡 
ƶɣ˭֪ʣˡ 
˵գԼ˫ۣԭ360תȦչʾһǱɫڵβѿɣ 
ǣҾͽͽڴǷҲƽʱԵ



 ˣåҲ

       ʵزϲһ˿ҵŮˣԼһ˿ҵؼ˯ʱ̫ʵͲˡʵӦñְװǼΣֱȥҲԼ׷롣ϲ˵Լ룬ϰ˵룬ԼһȴǲпᣬǶľ롣 ʲô򵥵Ĺɶѡϵ۰һ˳קȻѧС·ܣ˳һָȥ㱼ܵյ㡣ãǵԣѧᱼܵˣȿʼյ̣ô޷ˣ·ֻΪ˵õײߺĽⲻ֪յ㴦ѰŵֻҪһ㱻Ȼٱóӽ˵ 
ãñ룬ϵ۱ǸЦ֣ůĻӥô̳һˮ㣬ȴδʵֹ˰ʱ 
Ҳϲһ˿ҵŮˣΪû룬ʧȥһ͵ԣȻع鵽״̬ʵһ˿ҵ岢©ʱͬĦһĥɰ˵ĲƬ 
˿̣Ʊװ˵壬ʾȻ֪һһ˿ңҲĳλȱݺԡŬȥ롣 
ҸŬȥʹͷȻ衪װʲôװҲ㻢ǵ 
ԼĺЦ 
ôú⣿ƽʱԳм飬Ȼ¶Ž׵ݣӦòѿɣ 
ЦҶš 
ǡǡ෴⡣Цؿ 
Ҫ֪ԱҵĹȷ˵ 
ģվŤŲǰԼëָָԼСȻɴ˫ַƨϣʹAVƬеձŮ 
ﶼǳͻ˫ĵطǺǡ̲סЦȴЩ 
ʵϣȷʵ룬Щطһֱҫʱܳʣڹ˾ݡ 
㲻Լå𣿡˫֣¡ 
ҴԱ˵åͦԵĴʶҸᣬܽڹ͵øƵһʡ 
ѵ㲻åҲһĻȣȻѺ󱳿ɳϡ 
åĻôǵåר̸̸ʵɡ˵ֳ꣬Ȥӡ 
åװ忪ʼһŶԻ룬ԺͼɣòֱӿֱӸ㣬ǰεԸСţһԺͼԸںһǾͳסѾ⡣ 
ЩǴѧģרҵƵϻһ˿ȣ֮ϲ 
ѧȫǻ㲻ڵϲ԰㲻һѰ𣿶ңһ֣ᷢԼåǰȥʱܸпĸоѾ쵽Լʹһ˵ţƺѾãƺб 
ģװ˵ԴӶСκ󣬶飬Ѿװ 
һ˵ 
ԣҽ˵åܽҵĹ˵¶Ҿðɣǹǿ顣κʽǿ飬Ա˵ǿ鷸ԣǱ˵֪ҷб˵ҵĹ̬ȡ֮ǰĻԼԾ˵˹Щǲ֪ơ 
ҿû˵ǿ鷸ѵһĵһǿ鷸һݰɣṤǶԵģǾ̸Щʡ̲סЦ 
ǿɲһҲһ䡣 
ǰҵ 
ǰɣװ֣˫۽رסԼļ 
ԡҲͷȼһ̡֧ 
˵ƻ䣬ҵǰչʾߵĻȻⱾҵľ



 ˵ҷǳ¸

       ˡǺȵʲôأ ٬ĿʧˣЩ 
Ȱɡ˵ 
ҶɳҾôСȫûյĸࡣ 
ܵͳŸܵġٻصǰ 
ٻصǰ 
 
ǷںԶ 
Ժ 
˵ټ 
 
ɳƵĲɣ˻ǰҲʹ˲ߵԸڴʱ˿̣ȴ 
ΪʲôϲȿȣϲζƱ߷ľˮߵͷʡ 
ϲϰˡͳ̣Ȼȼһ֧ 
ˡ 
Ƽͷžˮƽʱ߽칫ҿ 
һСŽܹɵسǾϹȻ΢Ц˵ʡ 
ˣҪʵķ񡣡ֵ̧ݸһƬֽ 
Բ˵ʵķʲôСЩơ 
ٶȡҲ졣 
ЦЦȻǷСͷ 
õģԵȣǻٶ 
ιһ¡ǷСҪţƽסſڡ 
ҰѺ󱳿ɳϣĿƨҡιȥţڷС˵ʲô֮عͷһȻϰţֻ档 
Ҳ֪Ҫȥֻɳ̱߳ߵȡ 
ղϲȵԭҲûֱӻشʵϲûԭûЩʱе⾳˵Ҫ˵Եֻܸ㣺ͦãȾƺúȡ 
Ҫ˵ϲϲϺƻ֭ˡ 
СرĵʱϢװģҼؼңҸһƻ֪֭Уϲζ 
һڴϷ꣬Ҷ¶鷿ʣôôС֡ 
ұôСϲѽߣҲûڡ 
ҼǵûδʱĹ⻰⣬ȷʵôȷƻôɡô˵ġ 
ϲġֻƻҰʱ°ࡣֱӰǰҷɧҲ٣Ⱦ̫ûˡﵱ͹ô 
ڣͻȻԼΪʲôҪҸûؼҵģ 
ţָԼһͣ˭Ǹϵ˳һָ˰ǲᱼܣѹ뱼ܡȥҿûôɵһ·λƣͻժժݣŲŲصĽŲҲ 
ɺ𣿺ǺǣҼŲƨˡ˵ЩĵĲмˣԼƭԼɡҶԼ˵ 
ţѾһϾ̣˵ụ̂ҳȥŰɡ 
ҲûҪӵ˼ɳУ򡣡 
ɡЩãžذϡֵܿղ˵Ķˣ 
˵ȡ֣ΪʲôҪҺȲ裿֪ʡ 
Ҫ𣿡 
ȻͲ±ҰɳйƽʱĲ𣿡 
ҿĶͷ˾ϵĲʧˡ 
ô⻰Щ³ͼάŵ˾𣿡 
˵Ȥû뵽ôֵסŽ׵ݡ 
Ҳϲװѣ㣬ţ۲ݣƫƫôෳĹ̡Ҫ˵ͼ򵥵һǵ㰵ʾ½ӱźһŻι̵Ĵͺá 
㲻Ѽ𣿡ʱЦ÷ȫ죬ͷŵزԼǰ鷿 
һɳ嶯ȥһѳ£鷿Ƿıͦǿ飬Ҳϲķʽ 
ѵһܵҪͨǿԼǿ飬̫Ұ˿ûζȱļֱضסͺԼ̬°ĥЩƯе壬ֱǶ¡οǲʪĽ˷ʤأΪǱ 
㱻ǿ𣿡 
ʲô졣 
㱻ǿ𣿡ظȻ鷿 
룬Ѿܳ嶯ˡ 
ޣ̫ˡôȻԾСǸå 
Ŀùǿ顪˵ȻͷԼɵλá 
ǸʹĻ䡣 
ĳҹ裬ҴӾưǷϵ߳ӱʱһŮ˵ĺǲҽڱУģҵĶĤҡѭȥҼǷǿĻ桪һֱضסµŮ˵ĺĺħıӰŵСŮҿ˵״̬ҿŮһ¶ŵѩ׵ĴȣԼѾϥǴİɫڿ㡣 
Ӧ˵ʱѵģ֮ǰڱеԭΪԼѡѵʶԼֹһУΪǸˡ 
ǣηˡ 
ҶڵϣͼһשͷʯʱһԵĻ߳һˡţذףһȥҪСվʼˣȻĶӣȻǶĺԺɻӰ 
һֱһĥ޷Ȼȵ춼ѡԣκʽǿ飬ҾȻĮضԴ磺˵ȥһ˵ȥɣȥɣû㡣Ҷ˵仰ʱַ·ڶԼ˵һ죬Ϊûôˣѵ˲𣿳ɡôͼЩɡ 
Ŷ 
ʲôһࡣԲܡʵϣ˭ûиߣСκСۡ 
ģ˵Ŀùǿ飿ģӲˣôôģ 
ôѡ񡣡 
¸ң֪ 
 
㵱ʱ¹𣿡 
ǵġ 
㵽ôģ 
ʵҺĶӡЦңΪ㲻ǰذжô˵ֻһͨˣҲװҺ¡ 
Ȼ󾯲ˡ찡Ѿ֪ˡôܳ⻰أ 
ӦģǸþȵŮ˸øл㡣 
Ҳɡϸо˻·˳һӡ 
ҺãʱִǷС;ˮˡƿơƣȣƻ֭һɿԼһЩ˵Ŀ㡣 
ҵøлǹɵķСңΪŵٶȡ 
ٴԵؾϹ˵áҸϽ⣺ô֪ϲƻ֣֭ 
ܡһЦ 
ʲôܰѵ֪СΪһֱƻ֭ôϲȣ 
Сܻ°ǰƻ֭˵ʱ򣬾ͻȻ󾲾ص 
ܾǲǵƻζȶˣҲ㰮ˡһ˵ʱһóۡЩ飬ظˣ 
ĵǾǣǾͲǡ磬ϴͻֱ˵װģҪ㡣ЩŮ˵װģҪ𣿡 
ǵһκֹΪһСּȤĴүۣ塣ҵʮԪƱȥȻǮζŵֵı 
ë𣿡󣬴үʡ 
õģҿ˵ţһԵСۡ 
ʲôȻԾôҪëǲǸʮǮ𣿡˵ţȻҪǰǴүۡ 
Ŷҵ찡 
Сۣ˴үʵûǮңëһظ㰡͡ 
ܽʽΪһ·ϣơĵѯʣ߼ѾǮˣһǮҪǮ 
ҪǻˣСˡ֪СףֻǱһЩ鿨סˡҪԿ˵һЩ 
ʵϣܸɣΧˣİõؽĹĺͰȴôһСŮӣôܹƳôӵĽͼֽһСү輶˶ڿ޵Ů˵ĪΪëǮ˳ 
ôɾåôܻΧĻ롣 
˿̣һѾ׼ƻ֭ڰСﰲصһؼҡȴһƻһŮ˶Űȥ£ĸ߰



 

       ʲôƲ𿪵һǿ飬ʾȷĿȣüЩǣȻࡣ Һ˳ӵط£ΪûбҪ˳ӣشһָǸָͷȨԱָָ㣬ЩָˣֻͨΩǴӡ 
һҲоս·ָͷʥַܿݹŮˣ߼Ǳʣҡ 
ܶɣӦñ˶ࡣ赭д˵ȴԼ 
ţɣҲôʵʿŵģű߼ʵĴ󴵴ޣţñҴˡ 
˭֪ȴţ˵ѾιֵŮء 
£ȫܿˣٰ㲻ᵱְҵοͰɣ 
ô˵㣬ʵ˵ɣж٣ѼӺǵĿƸңȻ˵ 
ðҽʮС 
㲻Ҫݰɣ 
ҲǵģȽҹ˵ 
԰ҿ԰ǽȣʷÿɲͷΧڣƻЦһƻԼ 
ǾˣΪһءʮСϸιŮʱָͷͽָͷ 
̫åˣ 
һЦͬҷĹȥҵιŮأһʱ޷ͳơǣиʡֻ֣㲻㣿Щ㣬ĵöʮСæͳơ㣬ǻã࣬һֻ㹻 
ʵҺ˵㽫һ 
Ҳ˵šǣҼԼΣԼֻǺȺȲô򵥡οåҪ죬Ӧⲻ 
ǣһûô˵Ϊûʱ 
ʵҾǲȲġڿʼƹ 
ʲôȲ裿𣿡 
͵顣һЦ˵һܡ 
ĬڳĬһٺСĵغȥ 
ΪʲôҪ˵أȺȲ裬죬ѵ𣿡ܿ죬شˣԳκͲ⡣ 
йһܸоһֿԶ˺ԴΡô˵ɣ˺ĺذ㵱ѣƳŮ֮Ľͼɻ䣬һڵʵҲ֪ĵȻӹ׵Ƿǣһ٣ٶ˵ЩĻ 
ҲܶԷ˵仰ʱ֮࣬ǰ룬̾ͻҷǻ˵ԲҿЦˣЦˣ档Ȼ󣬸Ͻһڲ裬һ½ŵýɬĺ 
Ҳᣬ˿ᡣ 
ϲңϲˣϤÿ°ʱҵĺϣᡣû˭ܿƶĹأңһֱҵһСԸЩ˵ңҲ֪ʲôкߡҵĸоˣôɲǺǡȻȷԼ˵ˣ˵ˡ 
ƶصĵƹ£ض񡣺ԣҵˡ 
Ÿܵô˸УѾҵĻгȥСĿռ̶ܵǽ֮صײζڱ˴˼ţƴ˿ǰĶ 
Բȥϴּ䡣ܲڵվ·ܵ裬ʹٴ͵̬ߡ 
ƣߡ߾ʱס󣬶֣ңϲң𣿡 
ɳϣǵĺŵġ 
ͣסˣƺߣΪҸûקš 
ǲܵġ 
ΪʲôΪҵֱ˾ƺڳЦ 
ԭ֪ǡ 
ʲôѾվ׾ͽ󱳱ڻ 
ø첲⵲Ҫȥ˫֣ȻûתԲҵȥϴּ䡣Ȼæҵųȥˡ 
վղʶΡСεģôңʧȥ



 ֻһ㴰ֽ

       룬ЩˣֻǣֻǸеͻȻһʱ޷ܡ ˵ΪҸղŵľٶЩðʧҲܲڣȥϴּ䡣˵һʱ޷ܣҲʵЩղ˵ȴû˵ĻԿ 
ҪġĸŮ˿ܵҸղǷؿڵĸŮԸпڣһåĸŮָԼ˵įˣҪ 
ʵһкܶĻҪ̳ɳȥ磬ʵ֪ܼįҪڰҹʱҴ绰ͬңϲҡٱ磬ǰռҵ˾ֻһŮˣҲ㹤ʱ࣬ȫûбҪʲôǷ˾ͳԡ 
ǺЩҪˣȻȥѾ׼á 
ܿ죬ƻˣʱֻͷվţҲңȫûյɡţ߹ȥٴ֣ôˣˣٱңֻľȻվ 
㲻ҪҲҪҡ 
𣿡 
ǡ 
ʲô 
ϲ˵Ȼʱеϰߡʡ 
ģ 
ģͷȻ̧ͷһۣһֱ۾ʱѸٽͷһԡ 
ҾȡС鰡 
ϲ㡣˵ 
ǲôʶˣӦáҪӦ˵Ҫ㡱 
仰ʱתȥıߡ˿̣ǰֿɵáҵ۾̰ 
ţҵ߿ʼ£ϸĺȻԸеβȥᴥϸϸ 
ҵĴԿʼѪҵѪȣҵ岻š 
ҼǵЩߣе֣еķŵջȻշҵҪǣҴ̫࣡ 
һΣҲٴҲֻټһЩѾ׼õĻ˵ꡣ 
ͻȻ䣬뵽ԼԼĳԡڿǿЦ⣬ǿɳܡ 
룬ǸеɳˣһЩ˵ҪڴǷҲԵ𣿲˵ֻ𣿿ôƺҪЩأ 
ѾֱһģС۵Ĵڡ 
㲻ϲҡһ䣬ͺˡ 
̫Сˣʡ 
ǵģ֮ľңԶ 
˵ȻֹΪѾȥסԼ嶼ȥڻо𣿡 
 
ܸоĲ·еһһڼҴһмƻΪֻǲһ£ȫûҪѵ˼ 
ҿʼĶһĲӣ׽ҵһֻѾӵĸȻظһֱûоֻܾǷúҵôߣһֻҲʼӺϣҸ£Ȼǰڼ鷿ʱѹ͵ְ̧סָȫǶҵָعš 
ҡͷҵļͷѾЩˡ 
һЩƸӵḶ́Ҳֻᱡͬһ㴰ֽܶ˷Ѿ˼˴ʱ;δԸΪһЩ鿴̫ׯأǲֻһ㴰ֽ¶ԣԶȻ˵Ůװû˼Ǻǣ˭װأ 
ϣǸСĿռһֱΪαװȴͻȻ䲻װˡѾװˡƺƣͼˣȫ̱



 òöå

       ˵ʵڣԭϸ ҲһҪںƿơƺٽһơƣȸģȻټɫɫ黰ѳֲסƲˣԼжαװΪܶ߰Ů˾ֻҪɫ˵׷ֻҪ㹻ֵ̨ǻһһԼѣֱһ˿ҵ˦һѷ⡣Ȼ㻹øԴĨ۵Ļѻ󻰡գƮ衣 
ƾָ߰Ůˣ㲻Ҫɡ 
һ֪һŮĻһˣôһйʧߵ׼һһŮϲϵҪǰҲûộֻһ۲ͺáôᡣƽò飬ֻҵ´һ֣ȻʧѰȴʣ·Ҫ¶ӡ 
ЩСϴûԹΪ뿪֮ǰҴδоζԸŮˣҲҪɷѿġ仰˵ʱһåͦװôСɧأåĿʼå׸ʵߡҲûıǺḡƭ˵Һ˵ģ԰ɣ˭֪Ҵ߲ˡ 
һκСʱһ໥ҧͷҲûţŶԷ¿㣬ٳ棬ֱȵ³ҵͷ˵ԭĺ֮ܰزңСʱϲԵͰܸоΪҵļʶһ˿һڻҾǱǱϵͣһʹС¶ȡǴӴһֱµذ壬ٴӵذ巭ǡȻͻȻʣΪʲôڴǣѵϻ𣿡 
һаʱϲſϣĬĬؿҳ̡żҺå˵ҲһڰɣӲܾһܹɵһڣǱǺͨ졣ʱҳЦĺƻÿʱҲң˵𣿡Ҳش𣬵ʣأһЦȻͷҵؿڣǣ϶ǡ 
ڱ˸ҵۣҲúҲգҴӲ⣬ȥʲôЩǺڵģôڲءӹܴӸϰˣëڱǰ׵Ķõ̫ɹɹҲãڣԷùĴס˵ۣ˵ɣйɿںŶ˰ٶˣһСϰվͲܼӿƬôԣʣд֣ǲΪԼʣҸôشأҲɡֻ 
ҿɰСɧңǼᶨظңҲŲǵĹǣҲˣȫšһ˵Żŵˣڼ˵ĵ·ϣǱضҪܵʵĳͷǵ˼뻹ûд⵽ȫ׻ȫڣȻڱ췢չĽ׶ΣκιҵıֻжϣһäĿ벻ʵ 
ϲäĿֻҡ 
ȻûҼȥ 
ʵر㣬ܾҵ׵ܵܡĬԵӣҾ֪Ϊʲô첻ϽعҺܽ㡣켢ꤵسſͣչ㡪 
ҶҧʹҵƬ̵õůֹͣ˶Ǻ͸ 
ҵҷֵСκֵСɧӦһұԵŮˡңŮôڲͬһʼѵңҷСٵʵԼ˪ůֱ˿̱ҵĻ޶أο˵Ҫ׽չҡ 
ЩҡҡҸʲô̬ȶԴһŮأȻ֮ǰȫɢ𣿺һŮˡ 
Ӧи׽ġѵң˵ⲻãҲãȻ§Ĳ˵㣬һ̨԰ɡ߿ʹʱ򣬻صݸһ˫ջĳӡҲҶʱ˵㣬Ҷˣôʱ˵㣬áǰһµ䣬ƯĵһֻʪСޡ 
ӦҺúչԼ𣿱ҵġܲϷ̬ȣǻۡôܴô٣𣿡תӭңһǡ 
ȻָҵͷĦҾúҼ˽ĿģҪ˺αװҪȥ¿㣬ڴΪұݡ 
 
ղΪʲôұΪ˵į˵ն˵Ҫҡ֮ǰ촽ΪҵĻֻ̽ͶˣֻΪҪˣ 
ϲһ˵ʱ򣬲Ҳ˵Ϊ飬ҵģչҲֻһڣΪԼ̰һĽڣѿοһеλˣĸ׷ŵ͸߰ͷ­ͬҰˡ 
뵽ͬ飬Щŭ 
ͬʲôǿ߶ߵǡΪޣΪ⡱Ŀڵ׸ΧŹۿģʱ۷׷סѪ߰ߵϴɾȻ󶪽͹ˮǲ߶һⰡͬ㣬šȥɣ˭Ҫͬ顣 
뵽侲 
˭åǸϲΪˣϲϷˣǸιŮ˵ˣǸԼʻߡҽ츰Լ뿴ǸƽʱͷϺ绽ŮˣǷҲŮһʹġ 
ǣҲ˵˫ֱµȥٰȥţ۾˫»͹µ



ڰ ͵֮ľ

       ҴæϻСʱյѩѾͣˡһƬӨİףͬղƵ塣ǸղŻȣȴر䣬뵽滨 ʫ˵һҹǧ滨滨ӽѩͻѩĽԼĵϲ뵽滨Ϊ뵽һʶ滨ꡪСƻ֭صҵСۣ˿һ滨ꡣ 
ǰһҹԸı硣 
һҹѩڸһ񣬸µϣԭһжΪʲôûϲأڵ죬׵ĵأìͶܣﳳšҴӺڰ磬ô߽ȥȥ 
ҵСһ˯ˡһıʱһƻ֭ɡ𣿳𣿿 
һСĿռСʱΪʲôû뵽ЩһСۻѵղֻΪ˷йһŮ˵ĲѵղֻΪ˺ȥһŮ˵ѵ֮ǰĿαװ 
Ϊʲô֮أŶһå 
ŽߣȴŲ 
Ҹͣ˵ӰˣСΪ֮ǰѾ绰ûмӰǿعĩ˵˭ҳ¶ȥȰˣ˵˭ŮַȥˣСΪ֪ҴûģһĮӡǸʲôڣѵ˵·ˣ賶 
֮ǰھưɵİϿʱƻرסҵʣ 
ôȥ¶ɣ 
û¶ܡ 
㣿 
ǵģûңҲһ 
Ҹûй˼ƵĸܣͻȻȫʵûвˣҵͷҪҿȥ𣿡 
ãҴ⡣׺ͷҲûصˣټû˵ 
·֮ĬǾǡķ񣬺ñһҹ顪¶ˣԹɡ 
һ·ϣһ˾ЩȫһʵֻǻûôӦСۡ 
أȽȥ˵Ҵû˵Ҳû۹ǷѾʽ״̬뵽ұԿףš 
һƬ 
ỽСۣûлӦѾ˯ˡǣŵؽңšԱߵ̨ơףҵСأ 
ã̾һ亹Ͻͳֻ绰 
˭֪ϤӴߵ¹ﴫ˳ţ¹š顱һ򿪣һȻҵСֻڿ㣬ֻװģŻ˰ɣ 
찡ŻˡװС۽ʧˣҽһŻе˵¶ҽ̫ա



ھ ԭԼ

       ô¹ȥˣһЩģϾղȷʵŻˡ ҾҲҡҲصĵطΰɣ˷ܸղŵ⣬ҪҰֻصͲôҵˡ 
˼ֺЦ 
ԺɲŻҵġСӣȻҵĴ˿ϻƵζ 
ǣˡ 
ʼ᣺ʲôζ 
ʲôζͻȻ 
ƻ֭ζװģǺҵƻ֭ˡ 
˵꣬˷ܵشȻŽѾܡ 
ܿ촫ե֭Ľ򶨡ΪųʲôζҲûųʲôΪ֮ǰҳ̳ˣζڸһС 
һƻ֭ϾЦеĵ⣺ɣװģҵȵ̫ˡ 
ңϽ·ȥСҸϽӭȥӡ 
ڵǰ뻻Ŀյص죬Ȼֻܱ֤ڿС۲ȷʵˣƺ˻ˣҵĻװģ£ıӷ£ңʲôͬ𣿡 
ʲôͬ⻰Ǹ룬ӦԼԭʲôͬ 
ڳһģصƣˣϸ˵ţ΢ͷ״ 
ûʲôͬУǾԸУǰԸˣšüͷװ۲ӣˣֻƻǰЩôȥˣЦš 
ʲôǣϸװġҹͦأȻգ۾ 
˵ʵڣûǰʲôͬ 
ţҶˡ̫ˡҽһ£㿴㿴ˣ͵ҵǰ 
ע⵽С۽촩ȷʵһոµ¡ϰǣ˯˯Ŷôⶼˡ 
ϸŶƯһѽ˳ĲӣҵأֻԼ˰ɣ 
ûУû򡣡 
ûˣҲϽرȥҪȻˡΪִÿһ缡Щ 
ҲᡣҪţδ 
ٴΰֻ¶ͷʵҺԭǣҲܣҵȥϴ裬ϴȥϲƵζ 
֪װģһֱû˯һֱڵҶҪˡЩɥίӡѾˣȡ֮ᡣϲСƢֻ 
װģҡ 
ʱָ12㣬µһ١ҼסǸʱ䣬Ϊҵͷ֮ǰƵͷˣС۰Ӵսҵ촽૵װģҪ㡪֮ǰƵΣ·֡ 
ȻҲԸõϴ裬ǣһˡҲ¶κɡ 
ǵġ 
Ǹ˲䣬ұ۾ҰСۣȴ 
뵽ǴĿõǿ顪ҵıӰӦúǸħ 
ҴԡСѾɳ˯ˣֻԼһë̺˫̬꣬ȣƯĽѾ¶ë̺档һԵĲ輸ϣƻ֭Ѿˡ 
װıѾ 
ҰرϴǺñӣȻֶһƺƣˡȻٴγΡ߷һոµ¡ 
ؿѾ˯⣬ӿڴ 
ĿյڹӲдػţޱȷů 
ɳϵֻͻȻ 
ãôˣ¶ʡ 
û¶˯˯ţ绰 
Ժ˯ţẦҡҶŵ绰ֶԷ 
ҡ 
˵ˣϽ˯ɡԳͷ 
ԲֻǵˡԷƺʶˡ 
˵ˣɡ 
˵꣬ҹ˵绰绰ˣǱˣơ 
˵ƸҸжôֻھưɵİʱȷȷʵʵǸصåڵҲǣеʱ 
ο侲֮Ҳú֮仹к̸ϰԣӲس 
һҶԺͰĿ 
ѵһҪ򰮶ʱ㲻һıֶ𣿼ŮΪԼѵûаԽСΪԼװûϵΪ٣һ廹δСԶһͷϴСgoodgoodˣ˵һɰ 
˵⣬ôֻװСۣ 
ϣһڿɳ̱߳߰Ѿƻ֭ꡣ 
Сһֱڰ˯ţǣ֮ǰҹмΣҾ洫Źȥ쿴ȴûκ쳣˯šղŷ˸ѡ 
ЩӦǵġ 
ɺ˯⣬ȻʱѾָһ㡣˼ǰҵܸӡ 
ҪлԵ֣͸µԡСۡڴǰҵһ⣬һƬ硣һУѾƣʵȴһпᣬʹⲻҪڼҵӡΪ߳ȥͿ˦һѹ֣ƫƫڸãĻ 
Ҿ޶֪Լܸʲôÿ춼ھưĥԼ񾭡ʱȥʱҲȥƺ޴ȥֻҵҡ 
ǴΣΪԼͶļõ˻ظҹ˾ԡҲƿصĻƺ湫˾ҷǳˣΪϾпֹͣ棬ʱõάһƣȻһ֪ݹ᲻ϲġ 
ˣҿ𣿡һ˰ 
յİư˲ࡣʱڿһС͸֧顷飬ưǰ˳ġ 
ǸƯĹһ֡һɫȹұͲϼӺá 
̧ͷ΢ЦȻݸ泩е 
ԣⱾ飬һֱ˵ȻЦŰ黹ңллⱾ򵽣 
꣬Ǻǡ 
ϰķʽһƯĹ˵йңͨ㣿ôһ˵ȻǰƯ 
˵ȤЦȻǰ£δŮһңʣҿ𣿡 
룬ҵ˱ȿȤ顣ҰһߣȻԲԶ֡ 
ʲôʣѾԳ档 
һȻϲⱾ顣ʲôѽǰǳҵĽ顣 
õģҺܸһƻ֭ɣллȻûн⡣ 
ĵòưɿʼʱʱ˵ҵˣ´İɡ 
´Σ𣿡 
ģֱⱾ֮ǰܿġ 
ĵ绰һһ͸㡣 
֮ҵõĵ绰õǱ顣 
ǸƯСۡ 
˿̣һص˴ǰ 
£֪ر仯ţȻôھκСȻһʱҸԼһοûʲôѾȥˣοֻظȥοҲйȥ 
ǵһθڵ绰ԡ 
СŮỹǸ䴦Ůɣ 
ʲôǣһ㶼ǣԲǣҲСŮŮˡŮˣ֪𣿡ظһ䣬ƺҫ 
ôС;͸Ϲ˰ 
Ϊ߸ɴ̸֪ܶȴ˵ 
ѽôôСأˡ 
Ҳţ˵˵ʱжå 
˵ǺǡЦЩ˵ˣʱúۣǲ 
òƹڼ򵥴ֱˡ룬׵˲ֻҡ 
˭йȥҲУҴδʹ壬ȻʱʡЩȥ˿ӰеҲҵԼο֧㣬ҵʹԼеİ취 
·̼䣬ҾԭԼİõӡ 
Կô黯ܵõʲôأЩ˵ıȡ㹻ĽѵЩѰ鵱ϷġΤСǣܵõ׼ 
ŬԼο߾ܡ 
ȻоǿΪлڣֻʱѹţ֪ʲôʱ򻹻 
£ˣ˯ˡҲ̫Խâɡ



ʮ СƢ

       һۣһѣĿ֪ڶ̫Ѿ Ƭķ϶б䵽ذϣγһǿҵĹƵĶԾţϺ£Ƥѡ 
ȷĩ糿ɡǺüˡ 
ҷ˸ʶԵĴ̣ǿյġףСأȫûĳԾֶѡǸ˯ļһӦڴϵġ 
װģѽţȴһ߽ҡ 
ôôˣ 
֪ˡ˵ţҪקҡ 
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ʵòˣһˣΧȹװ׵ظҡ 
һǸе֡ͨǲ͵ġϰȥ¥꣬ҪϸϲϡͲ͵㣬߳Աġôˣ 
ˣʲôͰֱȥ¥겻Ϳ𣿡Ҽ鷳 
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ָָΧȹʱŵسޣŶļһ 
ͺܼ򵥡弦ƬԼţ̡С˵ӦòˡӡУסԺһûûǵһΡ 
ôó𣿡ųԣҶսۡ 
סЦû¶ 
ڳģζô 
ţҲ㡣Һ˿ţ̣ⲻ弦 
ѽ㳢弦ڰͲס쳤˿ӣҪҼС 
Ǻǡͳ𼱰 
һʼ֪ҪҳʲôǿЦⶺţţ̶ǴӱóĳƷֻм弦ԭ 
ҼһСȻŽ˽¶ϲ;ȣ治˼飡ļ弦Ȼġ 
ó𣿡 
óԣֱ̫óˡҸĴָȻȥеڶ飬ȻΪ弦Ӧ÷ǣӦ÷źܶǡ 
ȻôΪͶΪҪϾĵһ 
ǣ˷Ҳһʣļ顣ԵʱȻҪܶˣ·ʧĹ͢ζȫ˲ĳɾ͸СҾãǰԵļ弦ŶǷǵģֽС˿ôˣѹûԹ弦 
˲𣬾ȻˣСԺûٴθ 
ߡҿɲСŮˡŮˡϳ 
㱾Сﰡ 
˭˵ģһֱŮˣǸŮŶ 
ŶˣǸŮˣǺǡ 
ԣŮˣŮˣ 
ҼЦţͷһҵŮˣҪҵŮˡ 
ãŮˣҳϡҸ͡ 
ѽԺɲٽСˡñ֤ 
֤ʲô 
֤ԺҲСŮˡ 
Ů˶ŤǽС˳ڣҪһǽСɧɣ 
У̫ҸһƵġҲܣýŮˣҪˡ 
ãԺŮˡ 
ԣȫˡġ 
ҵŮˣҰɡ 
źãЦȻĵʰӡ 
ߵſʱһһЦ顣ıӰûڳֵˢϴȴеʹ֪һ࣬ⷬ峺񣬽Ҹԣ 
죬һҹѩѾڸһСڣµһѾʼǳá͵ǡҲ˵ܡɡ 
磬ǱҪȥﵥġһǰļƻֻϧˡ򵥼临ʱһС˵Ļں棬§ƨɿŵŤһΣҲǰĺϣıŵ̲ζϣĩЩ 
װģǸóȥˡ˵˵ 
𣿳ȥҪȥ֣Ϊˡ 
ˣ 
ǣ 
üͷʼ䡣ˣӦĩ峿ȥﵥġȷʵӦˣһʧ·֮󣬴ڸչȥڶɡ 
Ӧˣ˵ڽһȥﳵġڰҼ䡣 
ѾҪѣѾˡ 
Ļ뵽ǰı֤֤˵ҵŮˡٽСôǷ׼±أΪЩǰѾӦ˵ģ˵ƺЩˡҾȻ׽ǡңȷʵǹġұ֤ˣܱ֤أ 
ǣڳȥﵥѾʣΪҵ̰˯˳ʱ䡣 
ô죿ǵģ˯øһСƵģԸ⣬ȥɵӣҲܣһҪȥӦġ˵Ѿ˿һ˰ 
ǻȥˡɣ硣ҲǼص顣 
㡪̫ˣ˦ҵ֣Ȼܽңš顱ع˷š 
һĩƻˡ룬ԼȷʵˣСƢ֮۴ĸǶ˵ҪӦõõ㣬Ҹŵԡ 
ҼæЬȥţԲСۣˡϾͳȥ𣿡 
û졣ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ 
ǸҴˡȿţȻҽ͡㿪Űҽͣ𣿡ұ˵š 
Ұ˰ŵ֣Ѿ 
ִؼԼСƢʼûзκ졣ˡ˵ȥֱӴӦ˵ھȥ͵ 
ЩйˣŴغװСŮˣٲţϾ뿪 
顱һ£βǹӵţǷţװģղ˵ʲôŶŮˣǺǡ̫ˣ 
˵СƢϲġʱСƢرɰǣҲܲ˵飬ҲҲݶɰСƢйء 
죬ǲδ˵ﵥ 
ԭˣǣΪͷ·ҵĸƨ档 
˵ġƨ桱ָֹںźϲô˵ 
Ͻѵ붼ûʹӦˡ 
ǹҵ֣ۻ·Ϊͻ룺װģ˵̸ÿ𣿡 
Ҽֱ͸˸ղŴƮȻȥһʱŮӣΪžʹҲͶȥ˴ҴһƳСƺע⵽ˡǣҵѾ߸СһİοѾ˽ͷ̫ˣĳġҪ֪ŮŪͷҲֻҪͷ 
ǣһìܵ˵ȻÿȸղŮ˵úÿһٱ 
Ȼ֪ǸСķҸտʼܸС۶ԶۣһЩοɴ࿿ɳ˯ˡ



ʮһ ͣеĶ

       ò׵СŪͷ벻ɳ˯˯ѣжٻغϡܣЩˡллأŪͷ װģÿ𣿡⡣ 
ÿ̫ÿˡڵȥԷѾ൱൱൱ˣЩ 
ǺǡҾԴͣЦҪϼֻǣ㸶Ǯֻ͡ 
ʾԼУæ֪Ჹһ䡣 
ʱ߹سСɨɨȥеһȻм䴩һ㶼ںҡʹںǲתͷضС۵󿴡ԼǸеˡҷİֱתȥŭĿӡǵõĽﳤȥķЦ 
ǣЩУǷŸСҡЩŭҪȥػļ 
ʵصġһֱҶǸúӡûк˸ɹ̡ȻָǸ˸档ǲ룬ǲңǴǿĶ 
ǣƺЩͬˣΪȥһźǣС˫£Һ׵ؾͷ뷨ݱһֱɵ̬֪뱣㣡 
ԣ̬˽Լ 
¸ңˣĶޱȡһҽС˼ĲСۻ˷˵ 
Ҳ˵ƵĻҲ֪ʱ 
㲻ҡҹ 
ԴˣװģһԴˣǺǡ 
˵𣿸˵ 
İɣһԶŮˡŶˣ㣬ЩѲ˵ݸһվŵķ 
ҳЦЦȻͳ̺ʹ 
緹ǾȥӰΪڶμ 
һ°ɣСҸ˵˵仰ʱҸоҪ 
ǴΣΪһƬڰС۴󷽵ҵߣʱ׼Сİˣʵʩбϵζ̫ˡҲ¡֮ǰй׼ 
ʱҲӰԺ˲࣬ӰѾӳ΢ЩӦĺڰߵһλԣ׼ͣ½Ų 
Ȼһ䣬ûˡҵʱЦã 
λҪǰһŵİͻȻðͷһһŮߡŮ£ԼѾҵͷŤͷǡҿı飬뵽ǲǸˡ 
Բ𣬶ԲϻطˣҸϽ˵Ǹ 
ˣطøǰɣǼ˵Ҳ 
ԲԲ𡣡Ҽ˵ǸΪȷʵǡ 
ˣСۺʣ˵Ǽʲô 
֪ 
Ȼ 
Ҳ֪Ƿ治֪ͬҲɫкΣǾͺˣ롣 
ţû˵˱촽һ¡ 
ǸղžЦ˵ 
СûκηӦҲǻûзӦǿʼ濴Ӱʱȥ֣ȫֺ 
Ǿ˵ġٺҰƭҵĴߣŲߡ 
ϣС۰翴Ӱ鱾CDԼһЩƷúҵķ䣬ʣװģ㻹Ҫд𣿡 
дɡˣϴ˯ɣԣҳһЦȻרڵԡ 
ûлӦҡʶʲôعͷȥʱűѾûӰӡţԡԡ 
һᣬλ˯£ߣֱӰƨɷҵĴϣ֪ϲʲô𣿡 
ʲôգѾˮζɰĿⶢԡ 
ȤһֱøһرȤ§ҵĲ˵ 
𣿺Ǻǡ 
ǵģһθ˵ǣһҲȤڡ 
ǺǡڰĿӵƿ 
ҿɲһ 
ϣڴϾǡЦ˵ɣװģ϶Ŀˮˡ 
ﶼֵʱ˵װģ治뿪㡣 
ʲô 
𾪣ͣеĶ 
ʲôղ˵ʲôҼֱ޷ĸоʱ̿ס˺ 
ҵ·𱻵һ㣬һӻô°Ȼḻ沿飬һֱӭҵһС 
ѽôͣˣͣ£װģҪŤţȫȻ˵ʲô 
ΪʲôΪʲôʱô˵أ治뿪㡱ô˵ġȻڸҡҽҪ뿪ˡѵҹ 
һʱ䣬뵽Ϻ֮䷢顪ҾԼѾһֻ֮漴״ǰ;ϡԴʶС״γǵĴϡ 
ӦøңΪʲô˵ 
û˵ʲôװģ۾ɻ󣬡ôˣ 
ղ˵뿪ң԰ɣ˵Ҫ뿪ң𣿡 
ǺǡԭΪⰡ۾ɻһӾʧˣȻʼЦ 
Ҫ뿪ң𣿡Ҵϻ۾컨忴 
治о治ڽкãȻһ֪𰸣֪Ѿ벻ˡң˵㰮ң𣿡 
ţﵽϣ˵治뿪㣬һ졣֪ҪˣҪ뿪ڡ 
죿ǳ 
ǵģλҺȥμһѧϰࡪ 
ԭˣ龪һˣ 
˭еŮģ 
ȻŮģĶȥѽ 
ʲôʱϢ 
ڷ˯ŵʱ򡣡 
ʲôʱߣ 
ߵ㣬λӡ 
һͣҪһڵﵥĹִԼ֮СƢһжõ˽͡ 
ΪʲôԷʱأ㰡湻ҵĵġ 
ҪͻȻ᲻ҡ뿪ô𣿡 
Ȼ᲻ã⻹ʰ 
ϣ˺ܾã˵˺̸ܶ࣬ͣʶĸȤ¡ʱ໥˵ִˣҾֱͻȻ˵װģʲô 
סŶϸʵˣֹһˡ¥ϴĴġ֨ԼһŮ΢ǡ֨һôһ¡ҹԺżᱻѡ 
ҲЩҹ̫˰ɡ 
ǣһЦǣٴΰѹ¡ 
ڶһ磬С¥ٵСſڡͣһɫĽγһŮ֡ 
ûƭɣС۸˵ 
ҸҪ˵ʲôת˵װģܰɱһ𣿡 
ڰ 
Ȼ 
һɣݰɣȾƣػҹҹޡڶɣÿϴ裬ѧ񣬱ÿ㷢Ϣɡ 
ˣסˡУǣ㻹ǷһﵥĩˡҪˡ 
ʱߺͳôø 
ҳЦЦͼչˡѧϰǳԷ 
û⣬ͷİɡ 
ָʻλϵ˾˸кȻΪǹϳš󣬿ʧڽֵսǡ 
ûüСĵǡһпֵܳСؼҹ



ʮ Į֮ĳͻ

       Сۺ磬ĵ˯˻ʵھˡ 󣬸о泩˺ܶࡣ֮еĽϾҵ񾭹ȽţڣԼڣȫûšСˣҲ峺 
һ磬ҶԼ鷿дһС˵ѵõǣдǳ˳᲻ͣϢʱִ֣ͳ£Ȼֶ֮ǰһдҪࡣ 
죬ȥϴ裬Ȼ췢͸Сۣ˳Ͼ˭֪ͱһ󼱴ٵֻ˹ȥ 
ϵֻȻ½ 
˾ᣬҹӰࡣ 
绰ǹ˾Сġ 
ðɣһᵽ 
ǣµ绰Ҿϴ衣ԭ򲻸ӡļգƾʲôҪǺ֮˭ǰĩϢȨˣ˵ģ˵ӰಹɣٵÿҲһֱǴұԹҪݣӡͶĴڡ 
ƾԴ˵˵˴ҵıԹ˵ΪʲôӰĲô٣Ӧˡǣֻܸ˵ǸΪ˾Ŀǰ״Ҫߴҵǣ˾ĳ˵ģҲҵģǴҵġ˭ϣҴȥɣôһЩֹͣûбҪıԹһˣǮ̫ӹˡҪģصЩз׾ԱұԹˡֻұ֤ҪǻᾡǣŬʵ 
ʼվãƸҿԶſͷ֧ƱҪУֻмõ㣬ӰĹͱ׼ǵ߿顣һЩ漰ԱҪȴòκʽ㣬ЩҪϰ߱ΪҷӣԱļӰಹʼϸزչҰ䲼ı׼ִС 
ǵˣһЩҷӡͨǡ󣬱֪ͨѾţн׼Ҳ½еġǿӲɡȻ裬Ȼѡ뿪ˣɱӺļЧǳϰĿڲһ˵۲Ǯ 
ʱҹĻѾ٣ջƮСѩԲεĻΧһȦԴԣֳٵˡ 
󷽵ԼλҲøǸϲ˵Ǹã˵ǻ 
ҵĳٵϰˣҲ⡣ 
ҼǵǰҴ绰ʱ˵˶ˣô˯ 
ˣֻһۣļӰ⣬Ҫܸߣϣλزź׼ȷʱԱþ 
ţɨһȦһ𣿡 
˶ҡͷ˼˵ûʣǺ졣 
Ϊҡͷ֮󣬶΢Ц 
ôɢɣ֣ڸҹľʤһ£ᡣ 
˼ǣҵĵֱ˻Ľ 
ȻʣƺˣҶ£Ȼʼ˵ѵ㲻Ӧøһ𣿡 
̧ͷһۣңһЩͱˡȻףҪҲֻǽٵĽ͡˵ԼǵǰϻȥĮ 
ҡ 
ʲô·϶³ˣͷǰٵĽ̡ 
Ҳô˵ 
ôٱһڣ㲻ǹġ 
ҳĬ˼ǲǸø 
˵ѵ㲻֪Ҷæ𣿡 
վݺݵؿǣһ˲䣬ʲôҲ˵ˡת׼뿪 
վססҡ 
ҵǰԳŭûжûΣʲôν𣿡 
˵ʵ˵ĶԡҶڹȤͨҵԱʼȷɣܾĳǣСĺӣǳǳҪҿǧ˵ֹֻͣͣ棬ȻٳѰԼķ 
һҪĻ˵ǡѡجج˺ܲ 
Ҫ˭أƺʵҵŵܲá֧ܴ졣ܴ죬ķˡĻˡˣҲ֪ϵػģҵȽ¼İľˡ 
С䣬ӦĹעõֱۡǣ˵ġ 
ǴΣ˾еĩȫԱ۲ͣҺˣôҾر⡣ 
ϯ䣬һŸ߽űһִƵļͷ˵ҽܽµĵɽ 
û뵽ᵽңҵСƣѵһſ 
Ƶ֮ûҾ⣬Ϊϰ˴Ҷҵİģֻǲű߼ʵйʽα 
ޣǸѡجج˺ܲļһ𣿡漴ˬطһƵĹЦ 
Ȼ飬ҺѿǣǲվȻʾҪ 
û뵽õܲûϡʱ˵ĻͳǸҵɢţҲȫԲ¶˿ʵĲáҿԶԱ˵йʽα޶ԣԲܱ˶ҵĹЦ˭ 
ˣҾܾһԴҷܲõ񣬼˶Īؿҡ 
ߺԸ񡣲 
ݵĳĬ˱һһ˿ŭ 
Ȼкʹԣ棬ΪضҪȥƣҾʧˡ˵գҾȥŵƺݺݵһۺ󣬾ܳȥˡңη壬·һʤߡ 
ºһзƽ˾ҵķû顣֪һΪ˵˺ܶûȻ֮ʲôҲû˵ 
һ֪ƸܵĹϵһС˸ҵġ 
˵֪ܵĵˣѾöˡ 
ϢǿȷģΪضԴһܲãȴల£ûи˵ӣôأźǣҵüĹ 
ʱһʳ֮ζ֮ϧĹܻԥ¡壬ûꡱҲһԵı΢΢ڽѵìұìȺеĵʹܵͣ 
ȱ𣿲ǡû𣿲ǡ 
ֻǲԼѧԼѧӱܣԼظĶӡ 
ʲôʧܶҲҾɱ˽ԼʹࡣԸѡսûսο֪ﲻԼյվ 
ǣһ֪֮ô˵Ϊ 
ҪʱҸϲ㡱¶ˣ绰ͷ˵ܲҵκƷ 
ңҲ֪Ҹһסҿʼ 
֪Ҹеʹĵĵط



ʮ ϵĽ

       ʵҵϣ˵ܹˣȻҾ̹ҲҿԸԼһڡԼѡҿ԰СʱС ԺʲôûⷽĿǡһһЩǧҰɣ㹻άҵ֧£˵㹻Ҳ㹻һվ 
˵ǹɣÿ춼ظɬ֣еһȥȥǴ꣬ǴαĴ󻰼ٻ©ٳ⣬ƫҪд޸ǣɫʼ磬ҵ 
ҵĹ١߳ĻװʦһȸߵŮˣӲ֬ͿĨɷ׵Ȼ󣬴Ҷ̾ؿŮˣۣŮ 
Ůôǧˡ 
һܲΪֽͷؤɣСۻ 
ԣƷŭǰ˵ЩʱҾ 
ҵĹ̬⣬أ㲻ԼαһαŮˣʸѵ𣿡 
αţ˵һ飡 
αҧظҪʹв֪Ч 
Ҹмһˡ 
α˵룬żˣȻ©һ֡ 
ԣնظ㣬ŭӺζѵΪĳٵǰɣԼ𣿿ֻΪҶ̬Ȱɣ 
˵š 
ʹ˵Ҳ˵ΪɲСۡ 
ˣҼйֻ֮͵飬͵ˣ͸ɢˡϣ֪СڼңΪʲôҪʱ绰ңţʵ˵ʲôģⲻҪЩα𣿡 
Ҹһʣ൱ء֮ǰķȫһһ˵ǰھưɰ˵йҵĻƬ̵ĸж 
˵ЩһˡҶС۵ھһֱӡ 
Ҳĸˣ߳ţȻԼĶ׿ҹ˾Ĵš 
ߣҲҪ뿪˼ҵĸ첲Ǹúú̸̸ 
ˣɲǾưɡ 
ĸúú̸̸ֻ͵Ե֣ǽİˡϵƽ 
֪ƣܶʱ򣬱 
бҪ֣Ϊʲôˣҹ⼥ 
ҾбҪңЩط˵ˡôΪʲôҪأ 
ðɣۻȥԹ˰ŵ£˵ɣ˵ 
°㣬𣿡ȫûǰķŭҲûа 
ǵģǴʱ乻ˡȥȻҪڼӰͬµĻɶ˵ġ仰˵ζ˵ԲǺ¶ 
ƺһûҵԾܾɡȷûоܾ˿̵ƵɣҸûбҪٰȥ 
õģ°ҵ绰ôڣúʹһȥɽļӰ񡣲񲻱ؽɣϾҲҪ͵ɡ 
ʲôֵָҾˡ 
ҲٸأǶ˵ֱǰ衣 
ǣҲ˼ 
ʲô˼ 
ΪʲôֱӰ߳˾Щ 
ΪʲôҪ߳˾뵽ȥˣ 
ѵһֱƣҪ֪Ҷ˵Ѫ 
Ҷ˵ѪΪĸסԺС٣۳½İٷ֮ʮʲôѽƶҲû涨˿Сŵȫ⡣˭Ҳû뵽ֱӰˡ 
ҽƵģҲҪصöࡣѵΪԸıƣѵԶˣѵ֮ǰ˵Щĺ͹עʵģ 
ǰһ飬һҲҶо顣 
ٽ°࣬Ҿư칫ʱ˽̸ 
ҾˣԱҲпġ 
ʲô 
˵˽ 
˵ȥɡҾ˲ֻЩ£ǸһЩʱ䣬Ҳ 
ǣ֪ǸԹ˾ˣҲԹ 
˵ɣû¶ 
˵ǸŮˡ 
ǺǡҲ˵ 
˵α̬ʵʾǸ 
Ǹʲô 
һǲ˵ɡ 
˵Ҳ㣡 
˵˵˵ǿŮˡ 
 
˵㡪˵ǸŮ 
ô˵ 
ܣģô˵ȻƸܵŮ˼ˡ 
ô˵ 
Ҳˡܣϰ 
ǵģˣô˵ҡԷģƵĲ 
ҵʱһ߿ţĸ쵰ŮôϲͷǵģҳϸŴһƣû˵ǸŮ˰û˵ǸŮ 
ǣҪŭʱһۿߵܴ졪Ǹ޷еļһ 
ˣ͵˵İɡ



ʮ ʿս

       ͣǴʱҾ̫ˡ֪˭ţ˭ֲšôأǷϴһԼԴȥʶ һܽᡣ 
ʲôʵģʻ 
ʵǵطӳڵȡõĳɼȻܹ˾¸ٿɸֹ˾μӵġѵᣬʱһȥҪдܽᣬڽϵķԸ塣 
⴫ 
 
ܣҪļУʣʲôʱԷΣιǵĶƤ 
СЦе˵ 
õģңȻ֪ͨŶˣ㻹ʲô𣿡ƽӹСļȻתͷ˵ 
ûˣܡƽػش 
ôȥŬɡ 
С˽ҪʧſڣҲ׼뿪 
˼£칫ұߵĹ䣬ô١ȥԣȥ㻻 
Ƹ߱˵ֱſڲ˵ꡣ 
ҳٵĽ𣿡һͷһЦδش𣬱Ѹ뿪 
˾ƻͨҶڷæµСʲôͳʼſͣᡣ 
ص칫ңҴұߵĹӣ˵Ǽ¡ɫӳ޷¡ 
ûóװŷҶӣ棬Ϊ칫ԵСЦضҿ 
ʲôЦʲôϷɵˣ 
ŷɵءɡ 
ʲô飿ǵ;˵ġ 
ܿˡ 
İҹ⾪ȡ 
ţŮ˿Ůˣһһ׼οҲһô˵ġ 
Ļǲз衣 
Ųţǡҧʶġû㰡ǧĴҪ군˵СžΪĴԲŻ뿪ΪʲôҲô˵ 
Ѿͷܳ㲻Դ˰ɣЦΪ֪˵ʲôҹƺܴ˹ϵ 
ԴףһĴף˵ţЦҲôЦ 
ǣҳظɨһۣĿͣ¶鹵ϲص£Ҳ⡣ 
СͻȻһ鷿Ҳһһ¡漴ϵ򣬲һֻסǵˮҪ˰ɣå 
ʵҲϲǵ鹵ֻ˾ֹͣ¡˵ʵڣС˵鷿㲻OҪȤöࡣʱмΣһΪնˡ 
ͬʱһ룺ôҹģΪʲôҪ͸ң԰֮Ľ 
ûǡʵҲ޷ǡ죬˫ַסǽڣֵĽҴƬʪԼΪֵڻ鲻Խǿֻ̣ҵġ̫ˣƵǽ롪 
Ͼẉ̂һưɵķұʾƱСĵؽŵ绰 
װģôûϢ 
Էȥ֮Ϣġ 
Է˭ 
һͬ£ǸռӰ 
еŮģ 
Ůġ 
ѵ𣿡ȻЩˡ 
ֻͨͬ£롣 
ģ 
ģԸ 
ˣ㡣װģ֪ҽʲô𣿡 
ʲô 
㣬øϲҲڳԷءˣȥȻҵ绰˵꣬ˣټû˵ 
Բ𣿡ժµ绰Ҷ˵ 
Ҳ⡣Ц˵ 
ʱҾԼһֻǣȴһֻעҪ˺Ҫ˵Сۡ 
ˣҲֻǸСŮ崿 
ԣʱЩŮһЩŮ˵Լ˺ˣǴӲԼǿŲֵġǼȺôأҲǸóϣԼԲŻóȻѡΪ顣һҰģ׷̼Ұġ 
ǺǡĹ۵ôʡ룬˵Ұɡ˵ˡϲ㲻Ϊ˴̼Ҳ㲻šܾǸʱҪǣŴкԼҲ֪Ϊʲôϻȥ֮˺ֱܶ࣬㷢飬Ժô㡪 
˵ˣȥˡҲֻΪ˭ĴҴĻղ˵ϲϲʲô 
˼ҵ˵ 
㲻αԡֱֵղŮ˵ںһŮͬ³Է 
Цˡ˵̫סһᵱű˵棬ԼڸϰѵҪ֪С۵ʱҪ˵ҿɲ֪ôˡ 
ллʵ֪һֱڹңҲܽܣΪ޷ʲô 
㲻Ҫʲôǿѣ˵ģʱæµһ󰲾Լ˵˶ûСʱҸоرįûѣûԼԸ˵ѡϰ˱˳ңһȴԼϰ㲻˳ң˵Ȥ𣿡 
ǺǡҲΪ̫Įˡ 
ҲɡҲϣĮȥ֪𣿿ĬԵӣҺ֪ʲô첻Ͻӣ־ʹѡҾһˣӦöŬһʿսǷ͹۹ 
ϣС۴绰һֱȥ޷˯һֱ˵Ǿ仰˵һˣӦöŬһʿȥսǷ͹۹ţԼ㲻бĹ̬˵ôʱȴûκηأ 
ٳʱƻ˵һУǷܽᡣ 
Ҹ˵İɣһŬġܣҲҸѧϰ 
ʲôʲô 
ܣѵ𣿡Ц泩 
ƶɡǻȥɣҪȻŮָ绰ˡ



ʮ 綾Ʒ

       ˵ָıֻΪжˣ֩룬ֻҪܵ𶯣֪ʳˡĵĸжҲͻȻ𶯡 ֮ӣѩһһڻҲڻҺ֮ļҲΪ촩͸ҵǼ޷°ɣ죬Ҳر䡣 
Ҳϰٵ촩룬ӣС˶ԾʣôˣͻȻ˸Ƶġ 
ϰ󣬴򿪳룬ʱյƵ̡ʲôġÿ°һǰԼ鷿ٰ賿ʱдˣԼϲĹ죬ҪڴϿ顣 
ĳҹյƵĶţͨǣ𣿳ȥԸɡȻҸСϾѧϰԺ 
һ˵ҹоʵˣҾ͸С۴绰ȻͶûûˡ 
ܸҽ飬ɴŵ绰Сĵ˵ǻǷϢɡ 
ţЩԡװġΪͷϢӵըӹǶҪңԱ˯ˣ³ 
Ϣı־ͨҸоָӲˣʱرնҺƴ绰ģסˡ 
żЩֻţͻȻ뵽Ƶʱ򡪡ǸźţźţΣաڵڶһƽֱĸоȫûˡ 
ǣҲ⡣ 
磬Щݲݳ꣬Ȼ˯Աһֱҹʱܹ桢ȫԸͶ뵽С˵ȥ 
㱼䣬εǽڣԼǽһ⻬¶ĺ󱳡 
ţһֻʹҴξ 
ҰЩճƷңסĶҿ͹ȥ 
һپܾһҽڣɶЧĵһ̺͵ڶη£ԼС 
ȳСſڣ¥ȥ 
Ҿò 
ЩƷֵ˼ǮģסҵĺðɡЦţȻ򿪺䡣 
һŬܾһΣңϽȥɣΧأҪˡ 
ٴ¥ɵϵϰȫ˵ˣҸˡȥɣעԷϢǰЩһ¡ 
ȥȱ߰ɡ 
֪ʱҾסԲ˼˵Ǿ俴ƽĻ 
ϷΣ֪ҵ⡣ȻЩߣЩԥ 
߰ɡҴߴһĻʱھưſ˵ 
ƻԥ 
ȡ³Կס 
εЦЦȻ⿪ȫ 
СڹŵһɲǣұסƣȻ󲻹һеȥǣ촽ӡһһ˱ 
ȻܾˣԸһΪΪܿ죬Ұ 
ҲƲסԼ͵ǣץҵĺ󱳣һ˺ҧ 
ƾһֻ˵ĴޣѸҵ䣬ʼƤۡŲԣһشϢˡˡ 
һȡնƮĹ»꣬ȫ¥ϵļУȫ˵º 
ѾСۣĴڣٴνʱֻǵġأڸеӣڸŤзķ 
죬ι±»ʱڶƷĻ 
Ƕ֪ƷڽΣǲʵ˵˵ʳƷ񫣬ܻһˡ嵽 
һżȻĻᣬͻȻȷ˳嶯𣿿ʳӶȫûħӰӰ 
ǣǷ˶ԶƷľ裬ʼһ죬ʳһ֧пɿ̺󣬴ϵŶôζӵζֺ壡 
ʳ˵ڶ֧֧ 
ٺһЩϸķĩ 
ǲ԰Ρ 
죬Ů˻ЦΪҲͷˮʱҾ֪ԼʳƷȻⲻ 
˵һ͵صСݺھΣڣٴϮңʹ಻ѡװģһˡ㿴ղһĻղ˵ˣˣĶ 
𣿡ƻڸղŵķС 
ûƭ 
һ𣿡 
Щۡ 
һĽккҰ㣡 
һ̱ѵˡ 
ƣϽɣҵСʱѡ 
㲻˵Ͼ𣿡 
˵ҡҵǰҪ֪˲һҲʲôʲô 
ŶһȻôҪ汻ˣôʰһӴӴϵ𣬹ƨɣ鷿¿㡣 
ʲô໻Ůѡɲˡ 
ûĵؿƣŵУҵڿأҰ 
ߣһڣȻקק½󣬲Ųæߵſڣš 
ƷС 
ſڿŵס͡ 
ˡ찡˵˰ɣ



ʮ ľ

       ҵԴҪըˡ˵Ҫ 룬ܹȥƵļ⿴ 
ʣϪ𣿡 
ǰһʮµСһ΢Цվſڡ 
Ҽǵ¥иϪСӣû¥ϣϽ 
ʲô˰Ƕɢˣ΢Ц˵ʲôϷ 
Ůίȴ˵ʲôֱ¥ܡ 
һͷƾδɫƺûѹ룬һŻˣҵĳ̶Ҫ 
һ£Ͻߡ첽̤ſڣȫûƽʱĴݵ 
ӴĿƵĳ뿪Сźһ̱ڵذϡľգҵľ棡 
ҾһֱڵذϣƺС۵㱡 
ҲԶС۵ĴڣԽһߺһȴСۡСأղһĻķ֮䣬ʲôĽأ 
ȻɻʹԼһٲȻһħǺԡ 
˰ڶԷй֮󣬲ԼֻǶŻᷢԼĳªɡ֮ǰᱻ°ĥþҪըİףͷųȥ·ܱ 
Ѿɾҩ 
һϰʱڵſڣҺӭһЦͨͬʲôҲûУʲôҲûзÿνİ칫ңȥҪֲϣ΢Цųұ˴ƽղ 
ҵȷʼŬڰͷײԾˡͬǶ̾Сӣǿأĸ񾭴ˣ 
ҲֻͷдԼֶ 
С˵ˣ˼ҿıܲ𣿡 
˵ǧšʲôŮ˿¶û֪ģͬŮش 
ȫˡ¶֤ǶôɿЦǶôޡ 
ǰѱúܼ򵥣ȴԼúܴΪӣͿ˵غǣɳĮΣյ񣬰ͷɳ;Ѿȫⲻ֪ʴƨɺӷ׵壬¶Σ 
ڶڵĩҲС۸û죬Ҹƴ˸绰С۾ҪˣԺҪҵ绰Ϣ 
ǵãСѧϰҺƺȹˮ裬ȹʮ񣬺ΰʱ䶼ҹĵص㶼ĳ 
ҸǲȥˡС֪࣬˵ġ 
Եޱȣ֪Ψһȷ· 
˵ֻ֪ıúðʹࡣ 
һûзȴ˸쳣ʱҾȻ۾ˮֻûһסҵĺãһŬʿ 
ʱ֣յС۵ϢװģһһСʱ͵վˣ 
ӵĳվȺͬҵȺ㳲ҵӿһ۾ͿҵСۡƣһаĴ 
һң˷ܵǿ൱صаغʤʤװģء 
һˡװģ𣿡ȲҵĻʹҡ 
룡Ҷˡҽذסʧõı 
Ķˣң滹棿 
涼룬϶µ롣 
һ¶ϵ롣ߣǸļһ 
ãȻؼ㿴ȿʼġǴ򳵻ȥɣ 
Ҫư 
˳ָķҹȻҲʯͣżư 
õģС۵ģư 
Ȼ󣬾ͼһֱЦһֱЦ 
֪ΪʲôҪưΪҼǵһεΡ 
ǴΣϸ꣬ʱǰҹĻĺɫý硣 
˵ˣưɣȤ° 
ò׵ưҵݸһŰԪƱ䣬ֱǮ͸֧Ϊֹ 
ϲͷááϰŮʿϽϳҸǷӣǵתת 
ǣһ·˷ܵزȰ̤ҺС˷ܵװ 
ⲻСһǵȲˣ뵽ҹꡣ 
ưͿʼɵɵضЦȻƣر۾ҵĴϡ 
ҸϽСظ⳵ûӣ˶ء 
ʦ⳵ôûӣһ´Ҵ̧ͷȻզ 
ֱӰɣֱӵ˵ɵܺ˼˵ 
˵ǸǾǣǾͲǡˡ 
ؽ͵Բ𡪡Բ𡪡ͨ죬ҲŻӡ 
ҸϽӻû¶û¶Ϊðˣ±紵ɡ 
Ȼ󣬱С۵ðһܲظɿְ 
Сۻһȹ˼ѰҹɲͶһһȼոɲ˾ЪЪֻʣ˵ 
Ȼûз֣ƷѾȫ£ֻĬʹšʱңô֪ϲɫˢǳɫë֪ˣ 
ÿοӣĶ 
Ҳơѵһ޴һչҵŮʲôǺˣҺõģǺˡ 
ֻԼԼ˵װȴŮмصװԼ˵åȴûʧŲ᲻ȥǡ 
ôôһԼ㾿ں˭ŮŮˣһ㾿õʲô԰ѡһ㵽װ˭Сۺƣֻһ 
ʣںСۣСۣȴûоܾƵԸ˵һչ˵εĳŮˣҲûĮôΪСۣҾͰƷɣ͵͵ֻҪٺ 
ЩӣҾƭСۣҲƭԼΪԺͰȫ룬ΪֻҪͿİõذСۡ 
ӾعţҾʼ˵ػš



ʮ װı뿪

       һ,С۹곬лС԰ʱϲǰһָװģ ˳ָķҿȥһһѧĺӣڲƺˣΪԵʣ԰ﱾûж˵Ǹɰĺˡ 
СһΪǺӲ¶ϲģΪž˵ƯСһﰡһޡ 
ǺţȻ£ȻſڲƺϡۡؿΪǰѲˤġޡ𣬽ź˵ԣޡֲƺ󻵵ٸԼʵĴôӿֹܻͣΣҼܶ࣬ײ² 
Ҹеǣûô 
ǰȥԼ͡һŬ󣬺ɿţԽԽ׵ơ 
ԵСЩȥˣæǰȥ۵رƺϵĺӣ⺢ɰмسЦЦ˵лл 
ߵ·ϣСЩǵģô죬ѺӴң˵ʲôԼôСôԼ 
˵лʵ𣿡 
ôˣ 
ûǸܲ𣿡 
ҲǵģҲá 
ǣǱӦˤĺԼ𣿡 
ǣװģ̫Сˣ𣿡 
Ǻǡ 
Ҳ˵ˡЩԶףֻԼ֪ 
Ѿһӡ 
ϣںʱ캢ӵۺ󣬽һʵʵϣС˵װģһܡ 
ð 
֪ϴҼҺһȥѧϰ𣿡 
ҵȻǵãǷһٷء 
֪㵹ۻǷһٷء 
ķ˼ҲŲϡء 
Ϊʲô 
֪ѧϰڼ䣬ȻϿεʦء 
ʲô߰İҳԾ 
ӡУŮ˵ɫڣӦò߱˵ɱ 
ѽʦˣǻһԷˡ 
ҵȻСۣɲһϲͷĹ 
ҲһǸεˣʵûŮܿˡЦ˵ 
˧ġ 
ʲô˵һ顣 
˧Ŷ˵ţСͷЦ 
ҰȻ˵ⲻҪҳԴ˵ǿǿˣ 
 
żЦøˡ 
ң濴ƽʱôһŮˣȻҲѾϹˡװģô 
˵һҹƽطʵҲԼҪ 
ʹԶҡʾ֭롣 
Ϊʲô 
ΪҶô㰡Ҳôҡ֪һԣԶֿܷװģ뿪𣿡 
ᣬԶֿ 
Ҳ뿪㣬Զ 
Ƕʱ䣬һпվСۣҪʲôң֪Լܿ⣬شѹһ綾񫣬˵ͽأ 
ֹ˰ҵʱ䡣 
һ죬Ҫ°ʱ߽Ұ칫ʣǷܽд𣿡 
Ѿдˡ 
ҳϸ͹ȥ 
õģһ͵ 
սƵİ칫ңС˵Źϡ 
ţ΢Цɳ¡ 
Ϊ̫æٹˡһлðɣ 
Һܺãġ 
ǳĬһ¡ 
ֻǡ 
Щ 
ʤˣ롣 
Ҳǡ 
ҵĺЩɬΪƵһֻѾӰ칫ز˲ҵĽšţʼҵСΧĦϡ 
ƣ⿪׵Ŧۡ 
΢ԥʼһ 
ӣ 
ҵͣΪѾֻ˿Ľŷ֮Ħ 
У˽ġ 
ᣬû˲ 
ο֪Ҫţ˵֮󣬲ܿšʱ䣬ȫǻָԭ״ 
Ҫ𣿡ӣ 
ҿˣҲˡһжֻͣǱĦŵ֮䡣 
ƣ 
ǵģҲܷ񡣡 
Ѿо˷񡣡 
ȥϱգȥ 
ԥֻƬ֮󣬾ſڡ 
һ׵ҵ֣һһ档 
ţ໥ӣ۾ȫ 
ǿʼǣѸٽһ𡪡 
ȥ飬Ҳ󡣵˵ǴȻܴ̼ȴеز˳ 
Լһǰʱ˿ڴֻҲˡ 
һҲǡ 
ӣǼͣ¡Ϣ˵ 
֪ײҵ绰 
һΣӣ𣿡ݣʼ§ҵĲӡ 
ұӡ 
Ĭ˫Щɶ 
Сۡȥֻ 
ûѡΪصΪС趨ġ 
ʧ£ҽͨ˵绰 
װģҡ¸ۻˡѽ 
ңҼҪȻƵİ칫ҡ 
ôˣʲôˣʶԡ 
Ǽβҵϻȥ 
֪¸ʹζʲô 
Ҫȥ𣿡 
󽹼ʣѾ򿪰칫ҵš 
á 
쵽ʱҸоŵƵĸ߸ЬǣͷͣҴ򳵣ܿġ 
ǣ׵ɲǼ䣬ҿһһ֪ 
ȥҽԺ·ϣҰС۽رڻɫ԰ףҧ촽šװģ뿪ң



ʮ ܰѴǰ

        ҽβףҡ 
֪ͨܶӣ¥ҡֶߵĻʿ˵ 
ɫԽ԰׵СۣѾȲˡ 
Сۣһ·񱼣ѵݶˡ 
ҷǽףں 
С۷Ƴ˵ûµģֻǸΪҿ峺ᡣȻƳСʧҵſڡ 
һҽݸƬֽϸĶû⣬ǩְɡ 
ûйȥϸҲûйķѸǩԼ֡ 
һ˳ллء 
һСʱ󣬲 
С۰˯ˣɫԾɲ԰׵񴲵ظָЩ촽Ρ 
һڼҴ绰Σȴڡ 
ţſ˯ˡ 
ĺ棬ɵգмҶۣСװģĶ 
֪ʲôʱұһˡһ̧ͷСЦŬ 
˰ûˣǺܿͻؼҡ 
Цŵͷο 
ʲôȥ򡣡ۣ޵ģ˿С 
㣬ʲôҪˡ΢Ц 
廹Ҫʳ 
װģ࣬¥ëҵġ 
ãȥԹԵ˯ιԡ 
СӣҴҴǣվߡ 
ͷ󺹵Ѳҽ΢ЦŸǣʱܽʳˮȵ䶯ָ 
ȻǸһЦ 
ҪлǶʱ΢ЦҽԱȻⲻҵĳ̬˼άΪԺСÿ춼΢ЦšҾڶȼ٣жϵǡ˵סԺĸоѽ 
ҹֻÿ۷ҽԺꡢꡢꡢꡢ֮䣬Եġġġġ 
˿ʹоĦһ߼򵥲塣ʱҾͷ߶߶ٴͶϵȺ 
֮֮ǰδһУĶھޱȵĹ 
죬ڴϣҶûдС˵Ȼ鲢ï 
дװģ 
ģȻᡣڡЦŻش 
İ 
ġ 
ôдʲôŮأ 
ƯɰŮˡ 
۾ҵš 
ʵشǲ뿴ʧı顣ôдأҪ֪ҪдС˵ＸǱʽģ룬ǲʹ 
˵ʱû뵽죬û뵽д 
ھ죬ǱԺ 
С۸п˵ǵһΡ 
һסԺ 
ǣû衣 
ڴĺӣ൱ġ 
СʱֻҪðȣҾ衪ر룬ڲСžͿޣˣҲˡ 
ʱְܸ˵ôͲӺأ 
ôܲأǻġҪˡ 
̫ˣҲôˡ 
̫ˣĬһ顣 
ԣһɲģڲͬʱںͻУֳʽҲͬ˷򲻿׽ 
Щ̶ԣǲǲϰϲ˰ܵΣԭԼȻľˡ 
ʱңˡ 
ʱһԼĻ뵰Ƕ 
ܿ죬ܹ˾һһȵġѵ¡չ 
ֹ˾˺ҵɫĽγ͵ܹ˾İ칫¥ǰһءݹ˸߲ҵ໥ʺáѣ·𼴽ܵõġģַ·𼴽ġ˴ 
ҺҲˣվһߵĿء 
С۳Ժ˰ɣ 
ѾԺˣһֱ 
֪Ӧġ 
Ҹ˵Ǹ 
ûµģ⡣ 
Ҳùػȸһ 
Ǻǡô𣿲ô룬һǳˡ 
ȷʵô롣Īزϰ࣬Ӧø˺ܶ鷳԰ɣ 
ûʲô鷳ڣҵ绰ˡȻԺ٣òˡ 
֪Ժһעġ 
ţǿʼ̾⼸ܹ˾ķչ׳ 
ǰ⼸ģˣʵۺˡܴĻ˵ǡһһ󲽣󲽡 
ҵʱţùֲֻ˵һһСһ󲽡ûôġҲ̫ܴ˰ɣ 
ķչ̬ƣ֤ҵʱĲԡС֮ģȾ֮ 
˵ҵƷչ͸Ҳ˵˰˵ȫԻƺ˵Ľ𾴣Ѿ㹻˵һСҶΪԼǻƺ˶ֺĸΪԼŮڻƺԺ 
ƺѾΪȫУȫʡ֪Ʒƣǵطõ֧вʱ뵽ƺʵҵš 
磬֮ǰԱʵʱѣвؿǣƺʵҵһʽǧ 
ܴ־Իһǿǵ񽻸ǵĹûκɺͽԣҰǸ˾ͲŵҪټһν졣Ҫ˵ѡѶȡѹҪѡѶתΪѹתΪ֯ĺ˶ 
һǵһϸڡ˵ꡰ˶һЩҺɽҽһֻȭͷݺݵϡǰŵģĨеĸɴĨĨֻûţȫעš 
˭ܲأѵⲻ 
⵱ȻһûǮв 
ôǶ 
ع˾Ƶ°еĽͶⲹͣƱţ񲿽Ŀ 
һݲ񱨱ͽʱȴʧˣôô٣ 
ô죿 
չнİ취 
ƾȫԱ裬֧壬ҳܹ˾塣Ŀ󡪡ÿһ 
ĿǾλģӰ쵽ҵʵ 
Ҽǵãʱôҽ͵ġ 
ȻҺΪҵȫҵֻǧҡһҪִй涨ø˽ǧٽ˾⻹꣬Ժô죿 
ΣΡ 
֮ܶǰˣڱȥ̸üɫذǮˣһЩҶ¡ɡͬ˵ˣȻұԹ˾ҳϡֻӣ嵽Ƶİ칫ҽ£ǿȣǲϷġõظذչ涨ִС 
໥֣ףǼһأôóʱûأ 
Ȼǵɻûеõ 
ʱġ֮ǰĻңˮǰ죬ÿ죬ȥҲ졣˾ܿͻָ˰»صĹϲӭһһȵġѵᡣ 
ƣҾǰкܴͬˡ 
Ǻǡʲôͬ 
ҿˡдʵֶЩж 
𣿿ǡǣҾãʱܹھǿҪʵʵʵΪȷģһκʱȷġ 
ҶĿ𣿡 
ҵĿԣҵĿܶʱһȷġ 
Ѿ½ܹ˾Ļҡ 
߰ɣҲȥ˵



ʮ ʧ

       ΪһһȵġѵΪ˱һЩֹ˾ĸ˺ҵȴȹܽñӣô˾ò ңܱõĶЩ֮ͽ仰˵νþҪĳѧϰѧϰ޲ȴרӪЩܶһȴڱԱմߡȻǶͬ 
ҲǰӬӪҲ̩Ȼ֮ҸԸⲻмһˣĮȻ֮רӪǹ 
βͬˡ˵ҵ黹ٲ⡣ 
̨Եǻƺҵܡ 
лܹ˾쵼ᣬлܵκ֧֡ 
ҾӦ˵ûܾûϵ͸ˣ˾ܴĸŮġ 
УҾܴһȹˮҪ˵ǴΣӲ챾˾󣬳ҵǡ̡ܴķԺص˵У˼ǡȷʵ 
̨Щɧ̿ 
ȹ𣿡Цߵơ 
ҲЦ 
Խ̨ܴҲ̨֣ͷһȱԴԻͷ 
̨ܴʱһֱ鷿ﲢͻʢˮĵط 
ţ๫˾˷ֱ̨ĵһޣȴͬǫ̃ҶظҵҲ˺öࡣ 
棬볿湫˾̨ԡù˾쵼£ȡ˴Ŀõĳɼӭ 
ܴĽܣƻȶֲʧׯصߵ̨ϣȻ¡֪ΪΪķֹ˾ƯĸˣΪҶ֪ܴĶˡ֮ǰеҪңҳʱҲϾöҪͣļ 
ܴѹѹƣʾҿֹͣˡ 
ǣƿʼԣڼĿռʮɤӵڳÿ˵ġְҵ緶ʹݵ飬һ۸ܵ𺳣͸¶ųǡô̸ֹһһЦܸŮ˵ɱˡ 
治֪ΪʲôηҲ£ 
ĩʹһܹ˾ȡõĹٺͳɾͣرˡڴˣȱܹ˾ףףԸܹ˾Ӣ쵼£걼ڣΪƺһղ̫ 
дͷʱЩЦ˼ˣˡղ̫ҲڡաϣܴЩƲδڡաϣضˡ̫ˣ죬þòƽϢ 
Ƶķ 
ֵܹ˾ֺ֧ʹ£ҹ˾гʵҪʱμǴҵϸ¹˼άʼռΪʵΪʵǵΪòƷù桪 
ţдĸ 
ƵķԵжΣҸеɻ󣬲ԽԽȥˡ 
о˰˴¹ʣ׷˰˴Σ˰˴ôȫûӰƲô˰ɣ 
ܿ죬ųֿܡôشĻ齻ƸͲܷͼĴ󡣺ο֮ǰѾйҵġˡܽ˸߶ۡǰ٩٩̸׼֡ˣȫųӵĿԡ 
ôֻ˵ʱˣѾ׼õĸ滻д֡ 
һ 
뵽ҵ˲ǰ˵ĻʱЩԥġҲ׼дĸӣҡ 
þֱӸαҪ֪Ϊдܽᣬһϡ 
ٿ̨ϵܴƣ񡪡 
ҼǵС˵Ļ˵ƺܴǶĵˣҴҶô˵ 
ǰ˲һ𣬼Ҫżˡܴ췴ظ裬ͣ·ԣл 
˵дĸѵЩȻ漰ڲĲ棬ǣܴġƨ桱ǵΪѾش˴ҵĻԡ漴ĺǳΪ 
֮ĲЭѾˣԱ֮Ĳ¶ĮѾ˾ռˣƷӵĶ壬ѾģˣͶߡٱѾϰΪˡ 
ģɥʧ˾£һгǮ׼Ǯ֡Ǯ۾ĥˣ۾ʹƣˣ۾ʹ񹤡һЩܸĿŵ졢ԻؿۣԱΪҲǡϹﻹʲôκ棿 
µǣʲôҲ£ƺʵĿɽи֣ܣڿͻýŲĹʱȻ˵ȥɣȥͶ߰ɡܵİ칫¥ 
ǰҲɹơңЩ飬ӦλãҰɡȻǻڵʱ 
ĻشֻΣЩ飬㲻˽ǲҪΪá˵е鶼ǺģҪִܹ 
뵽ҺˡԼμνġѵĽһĿһĻ̬ҪǣұƭˣһΪѾΪ֮жŮˡ 
㱻ˣˣ롣 
ʱͻȻͣһ£ȻѸٵسɨһۡҺʾӭȥ 
֣ȻڶȻвȷǷбǸ˼仰˵ҲδղŵԼϣα 
ǵģܴƤЦⲻЦӳ£Ƶһ˿ԹҲ׽ת˲ŵĸӡ 
ͳֻȻɿ趯ָ˼֡αأС 
ţͳȥ 
΢һͼŷԣֱ̨·Ҷӿ 
룬ֻˡ 
ʱѾ˵ˣֻͷӰȡֻĬĬط 
ȥ·ϣ˭ҲԸ˵μˡĬĬؿųĬĬس̣Ŵ⣬·Բ˼ 
·߼ʱ̲ס˳ĬȥȱȰɣ𣿡 
ˣȥˡǰҪֳ 
лҪ˵㲻Ҫô 
Ǿ˵ɣתͷһۣʵҲû˵ıҪ 
ˣҲҡ 
ûУһ㶼ûС 
ģǺǡ 
ͣ 
ЦڰͲסеŭ 
ɲزסɲҼҪײǰĵ粣 
ˣ 
ҲѾɡ 
û裬ֻ³ 
ܲ侲һҸͣ 
ҲķԺܾʣұ۷ˡ˵ţҰ˳ŵıտء 
ʤҪһ͡ӣ֮㻹Ҫ³Ҳ㡣ڲС 
ɣ˵ɣ 
ʵҲǹġҲ밴д˼ԣղǺϡһʽĶΪʲôҪͻأ 
ͻΪʲôҪдΪʲô˵дò㲻ܿЦѵСһ˵ʲôˣһȴҪҴͽ͡ 
֪Լá͵ģ뻹ǵȵȰɣҾڻ˵ţȷʵǰԭˣˣ˵׼ӡǣҹԼд塪 
˭żˣ 
Щ 
·һ䣬ʧˡ



ڶʮ Ĭ

       ΪʲôΪʲôҪ˵ˣҲҪң ŭĿӣѾ쳣ʧ̬˫ȴսỵ̂ҪƵġҿ¶ŵΧϸϸɫжԾš 
³³Һ 
ûԥҴ򿪳ţȻ⳵ 
ұޣԶټ㣡 
ţ˺ˡ 
ھưһֱô롣 
ֺڡʲôװʲôᰡĲİ 
ʽĻ飬ƫҪЩΪѵΪʲôԼͲվĽǶȿôأοĺܴ˹ϵôΪʲôҪôںأ㹻õˣѵ 
绰࣬ǸΪԼһʱçײԡ 
ô˵ֻϢˡ 
ʤڻƺϣ죬Ǵ󺣣ڴź硣𣿡 
ţڶϢ 
Ķ𣿻˵ͣˡʹޱȣû 
ǣҲٿǣֱȥ̨ʡţţٵ⳵ 
ڿƵĳʱ˾ͣȻ³߹ȥ 
ŵ߶ҪΪλñȽƫƧͨǼ۶ĸʽ缸꣬Σڼʧ 
ûƣת۲ܣҲδһۿ 
Щˣ뵽šҸûظ·ϡ 
СۣƣΪ 
СۣҲ̱ 
ͳֻЩҡֻڳڴȴ˽¡ 
ʰҲ롪 
ƣĶôҲ㣿 
Ǳ߲˵ 
ңĶѾ˴ϣҲ㡣 
ã̾һʤµ̨ϡ 
һ̨ף棬˫ֱϥǣͷڱ紵㷢˯ˣ̫ˣȫΪ 
ƣû°ɣܹȥ˵ 
˵ȴսҵ֡ 
Ե̨£Ȼסˣ̫ˣǻسȥɡ 
ȷҵƨɸմ̨ʱѾܵ˴̹ǡ 
˳ӵҵĻʤҶ𣿡 
ܺãġ̫ˣҸǸ 
Ȼ̧ͷҿЩ㲵 
ģ㲻ô˵ҡһ̣ҵĶˡ 
ǴżȻ̸ 
ҾˣԱҲпġ 
ʲô 
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˵ɣû¶ 
˵ǸŮˡ 
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˵α̬ʵʾǸ 
Ǹʲô 
һǲ˵ɡ 
˵Ҳ㣡 
˵˵˵ǿŮˡ 
 
˵㡪˵ǸŮ 
ô˵ 
ܣģô˵ 
ô˵ 
Ҳˡܣϰ 
ǵģˣô˵ҡ 
һǵãʱڲ 
죬Ǿ̨ϱš 
ԸϲҲ˲ϲ 
ҳ̣š 
Լϲ̾˿Ҷŵ˵ 
ܸңô𣿡 
ûʲôǾò 
ܾѹ֣źܶ಻ʹ졣 
ᣬҾһж 
ôǰΪʲôϰٵ 
Ϊϲ˯һ͹ǵ 
Ͳ±Ҵ𣿡 
£֪㲻ҡ 
ԣ;ٵ 
Ϊϲ˯ 
ЦҲЦ 
㻹ϲ˵ 
Ѿڸı䡣 
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ЦǸﵴȫûжӰӡ 
ЩʱǻܲƽһҡǣҪףǸʵ磬ҪѧӦܺõؽɲƽʵҲνƽƽӸоƽʼѧ᰾ȥȵƽĵǸʱĴڣԱ˵ҲһֲƽˡƶҶ̨˵ 
ڵƵԵʣ׾ͿԿ¶鷿ȫû˾ӡʵϣÿκһҶܽǰǸǹܡŮϵһ 
˿̣Ȼڴȥ 
Ѹվϵ·Ҫ˦ζֱԹһҪҰ 
Ҹɣ 
ʲôɰ 
֪ 
˰ɣֶÿòסˣܰɣҰֻࡣ 
һôġ 
ʵҲôġֻǲЩΪЩҶ仰˵ҷ˸˵Щ 
åôЩﲻһأЦ˵ 
ɶͽбһأ 
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ʲôӣ 
åӡ 
㻹Ҵһ𣿲в𣿸Ͻܰ 
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ɫʱһܣǲǸøɵʲô 
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⻷ʺϸʲô 
̲סˡ 
ǣǶ˵ˣȫǡķԼ 
ϣһֵһ˼ʱܡһг 
С㣬˸ 
ôܲг𣿡 
Ҿͱ㣬һš 
·ȥȷʵҶҪһг 
һֻһظһֻ±ߣֹȥ 
ΪʲôȥͻȻӦ 
ֻ 
ã 
ҾֻЦ˵˵ˡ 
飬Ҫ׷ݵѧʱڡҲ˵˵Ǽݵ顣



ڶʮһ ݴԵ

       ꣬ǡŴѧġɽװڣϵͳܽ꡶ʫеŮ鰮󣬺и̾˵˾䣺ͬѧǣʵֻоˣŻᶮá飬Ҳ ͬѧǵһƬУҸϽѷһŮϵ֮ǰҼ񵽿£ר־ķ羰 
ôڿİ˵ĽݽϵģҺŮȴѡһŵλãĿĲԶ 
ݽҳͬѧǵʱɽװʾҰǵʵͬѧУվ˵˵԰⡣ 
֪ǰбһӣˢվһָеģʵС 
˵꣬ȥˡҺ޲˹ȥ˺ˡҲ£ϿһרģרŮʱ͵óˡ 
ֻվӭͬѧЦ˵ڣûп 
֪ôЦ 
ɽװȴݣȻ߹Ϊʲôûпѵû𣿡 
ΪȫͬĿûʵİ飬İ飬עҪ𡣡 
еʲô֣ЦŶ˵ 
ʤ 
ллأҵֺʼת뿪λлʤͬѧȻشúеǸϿεȫ޹ء 
ĺЦ𡪡 
ϣҾͰŮٳĲݴҪʵ 
Ů⡣ھסҵĥӲݣӦֻȥһ¾ͳǣԱʱ½ŲĲݴҰԼڵϣȻŮĿӡ 
ҵǵطôȥһɣǵطǲ̫Сˡ 
Ȳ濪ôܽȥ𣿡 
ŮˣŬҲЩɽ̫ʧġֻȥһ¾ͳû취ɡ 
˲Ҫʣǲˣ 
ҿԺ֣صظ㡪ûǻ¶ 
֪߱ʶͣԭ޷ڽšûʪȱ飬ðɡûʪ 
ŰҺŮͷˣӦڿ˵Ǿ仰ûʵİ飬İ飬עҪ 
Ůֽ橣ڻǵãҲ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵҡ 
ԣ˵˼ҾЦ 
Ҫ֪ҿɲǴʱǼһ 
صһ¡ 
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ȻкĺڰԼԶĵƻɺЩѡ 
ƣǿ𣿡 
˵ţҲ֮䡣 
ȴнʹҵЩۡ 
УӦ˵ġ 
㻹ˣ 
ǵˣǲåóѡЦܵ⣬ΪҼʣǹҪܹݡ 
ǣ²ҵ˼Ҳ²͸ܴĹϵ 
Ȱ󶼿챻ˡ 
ɿ˵ 
Ȼ˵å 
ڴְסȻ򿪴Ӻڰ㣬ϴѸģһֱšΣĲС 
ΪʲôһǸо֡ 
ĹƢʱʱҪ 
Ǻǡˡ 
һ֧̣ҷ³̵ָٵԶ 
紵һ¡ 
ƣǵϴΣ˵һΣ㻹ǵ𣿡 
ȻǵáָҵͷĦš 
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˭˵أ̾˿ 
ǵ𣿡 
𣿡 
һ˵ʱܻЩ 
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¶̫£Ȼ޵ݡ 
ңҺ¡ 
ҲҲǺ£ǾԼԼľ 
 
Сûг־ͺˣ߸ɴ಻ʶ 
ͣĦĬ˼룬Ħ 
֪ܰھΣֺγأ 
ŬһЦ 
ǸŮ𣿡 
ҾǸǳõŮˡ 
ǳãŮˣ 
ǣ롣 
Ҳ᲻ô룡ʱҸеԼȷʵˡúЩϵ̫ܲסԼˡңҾһͷң 
ҵԼǸóͷˡ 
룬һֱ뿪ң֮ǰҲ֪Ϊܵͷ֪Ҫܵĳͷԭ 
뵽Ǵξĺ棬ɵգмҶۣСװģĶ 
һ֧̺𣿡ƴҵ˼ 
̣ 
ҵԺС۵һγʱǺɵƻ 
ѧҡ 
ỵ́ȥ³ 
ȡһ֧̣ϣȻȼһڣٵݸɣǺš 
򵥾ͺˡ 
Ǻˣڿԡ 
ǺǡҲô򵥵ġ 
֪ҹøоնͼȡʱָоʵŬʹԼʤ𣿡 
ǵģú档 
ҾãҪ˵ʵԼ֪޷񵽵Լҡ 
̵ݸңȻ˵ʱȱĲǮѡ˵仰𣿡 
һӰ԰ס 
ŬҪȥ֤Լ֤ԼֻһŮˡǵͷأ 
ͷôˣ 
ҷûпεˣҡ 
ֻĻұǸóʾ 
绰С۴ģʲôʱ򵽼ҡҸڻȥ·ϡ 
ʣôû 
ҸϽѳŴ򿪣Ȼ³ء 
Ǹղôô㲻˵·𣿡 
ڻȥ·ϣһͬ¿һؼҵģôˣ 
ϴŮͬ£ 
ǣеġϾ͵ҡ 
˵ֱ꣬ӹ˵绰 
еʣôˣû°ɣ 
û£ղ˵Ķˣ 
ˣ˵ˣϽؼҰɡ 
ðɡ 
ϣư͵Са·ĵطͣȻң˵ôǮҪʲô 
뵽˵ҪʿսҼȷҲһֱţû˵˵˾䣺£



ڶʮ 

       дҲжҪ˵ͱɣͬʱŮ˵ģңֲ㵽װ˭ˣ ˵ֻ̤򡰳Ź׻Ҫû˵Ȱ˷ʱˣⱾûκ塣 
ǣһ㱻㲻ˡʱĿֲ嵽׸˭ˣ 
Ҫ˵СۣһŮôְ֮ܰϱŮأ˭Ű 
ô˵˵ʱ 
Ȼϴĳ˲˼飬˵̬С۾һĹԣܾң˵ֻҵһΣʵ·һͻһȥңĴǰʼԱţַУҪͬԽ 
أòƹ°ɽӽʵĿնܺҲȻǵıԶοǣҹеһȱݣȴʼղָȥֹܶذĸɫʣһ㣬Եʱ˵ǳҪ 
ǣ£һȾʧǰºǽڣʱпͬʱҼѹ 
ˣϣСڵ绰Ƿ˵ʱؽ绰ҵδǰƭѡ 
ǣ֮˵һμҵ 
Ϊʲô 
ҸףС۾ŭشܳ 
ʲôΪʲô 
ΪʲôͻȻҵ绰 
Ϊ㲻ңڿɳϣȻ򿪵ӣЩۣ˵ˡ 
𣿡 
뿴ӡ 
˻ӣ 
ҪҸ𣿡 
Ҫ˵ʵӵ绰ʱĶڸ𣿡 
Ѿˣ㲻ҡ 
Ҫȸ״ 
ѡ 
ûС 
ˡ 
ûС 
ˣˡ 
ʵ˵ʱей뽻ף˵ˡ֮˫ĿԲͨ죬ȻѾ쳣 
ֻܳĬ۾ȴãȻضŵӡ 
׼˵ţһѶңȻ󳯵ӵķһָ 
û취ֻӣ۾װ˯ 
 
ҵĸ첲Ҷʹ 
𰡣㣿ʲôʱˣ 
ʲôʱˣ˵ĸ꾫һˣ 
ʲô꾫 
߸˭һˣ 
һͬ¡ 
еŮģ 
еġ 
һɳ泯ҹе𣿡 
ġ 
޳ܣ 
ûУ㲻ҡ 
Ϊʲôû͹ҵ绰ǲˣ 
ô˵ɡ 
Ҳͷˣһ̡֧ 
һĵ 
лǽϡ 
˰ɡץ֡ 
ʣһ˦Ϊͣ弸б˵˭һˣ 
һͬ¡ 
еŮģ 
Ůġ 
ڶɳҹȻҵԺ 
ôô޳ܣ 
ⲻҪĽ𣿡 
ʰذϵһֻɳ棬Ȼֱȥ 
Ϊ߻ΣȴûУһûС 
ʱ̲סͷ¡վԭأһҲؿҡ 
ʲôˣ𣿡 
ҧ촽Ҫˡ 
һ̣ͷΪ֮һֽεĶȻѸȫӿ 
ǰȥҪסǰһˣеġ 
˭֪һ̧Ƶȭ˶ԱҼǵСҲ 
ţͼһܽңȻ󱧳һҳԾ쳣Ķ 
ǶѶ˦ɳϣȻٴң˵˭һˣ 
һ۾ͼǼɫ޷£֮ǰӦ¹һЩСɳţƤԿ׿ۡȡЩСӦ鷿档 
ȻظϵʱЩѾСˡ 
ûϵôȻ֮ǰЩҸô˵ˣҳԾ쳣 
ǣ·ڿٷӦšǾǵƴ 
ʲô˼ҵĶȻʲô˼üͷЩҡ 
Щʲôʱģô֪ 
͵ģʲô𣿡 
ʲôʱ򣿡 
ǵˡ 
ˣ 
Ҫ˵ˣ𣿡 
˵ɣҪ˵ǲʵ 
ȥϾѧϰڼ䣬͵ġ 
ʲôѣ 
һմӵ¹ѡ 
ȷʵиҪӵ¹ѧѣ٣ʱӦûڵ¹֮˵ΪС˵˵θǣЩƤ۸񲻷ơ 
ģ 
ġ 
·أҲ͵𣿡 
ǣԼġ 
ôһֱûи˵ 
ûҪ˵Ҳûʹҡ 
ҾƺЩˣû֮ǰôһңǼݣﻹЩôһ𷭳أࡢˢëȵȣЩȥѧϰڼ䣬ȥġѵҾͲΪʲô治֪ôУ 
˵꣬εҡҡͷȻֱӳȥ߱˵ҪţҰٽ˵ 
ʵϣҶԼıݡ˵Լı۷ˡ֮鷿ǰûʱСڵ߹ȻһԲԱߵϿңֻûװŰе˼Ϸϡãһҵĸ첲 
ϷҪ浽ʲôʱ򰡣 
أҡ 
˵ֻԹţŪҶòȻ 
һͷڿҡ 
ʲôҺÿ𣿡 
ÿ 
㻹 
ҾͿܲš 
ԣǹܲš 
Ҫ㣬Ȼ죬ǵĸ꾫ƭȥ˵ţܲ˵һҵĴϣȻϸС첲ҵĲӣ㱻ɻȥˣ´ҪС 
ʲôɻȥ 
ɻȥʼЦھҪ顪 
С۵СƢôɰСƢǰܸо޳ܣȴʼ޳ܵؼԼ޷͵޳ܡ 
鷿С۾ҵĴϣȻؽ⿪Լ·֣ҵͷǾӨ͸ؿڡ 
ְѵصתƵҡȻҪϣҡڱ߿ҡкüΣҰѵƹˣȴ´򿪣ңװģֻҡ 
һаҾȻ۽ˮĺۼ 
ôˣǲǻ£ 
ǡ 
ôˣ 
ǲǷˣ 
ᣬôܣ 
ҵ绰 
Ϊ㲻ңΰ 
᲻ҸĸСˣ 
ᣬҳô˭ܿҰ 
ҲǣǺǡ



ڶʮ 仯

       ˺ӣ÷ɿ죬תٽڡ ڵæµţʱĶ⡪ 
Ҳ²£ĸ 
ò°һȥӡ 
һҿδأûЦĸһϲأ 
˵Ҫϵһķȡǰʵ˵ 
İ 
ġ 
˭˵ģɿ𣿡 
֣˵ġ 
˵˲㣬˵˲㡣 
ҿϢҲ࣬ƾճġ 
ʤæʲôأ˵˵ʲôϢ 
ҡ 
ûû˵ʲôϢ̧ͷ˵ 
Ŷ 
ţݸ䡣 
ȷʵһյĿ̣΢ЦͰô޲ڣܰЦغÿ˰ĸģҪٸ˵˽ùꡣ 
˷ܣĲ졣û⣬ǱڽϲŰˡ 
ܴЦݣܸϣġһֺгҺгദƿݣٹִ䵭ٹĶǡ 
СҲڱ仯š 
ԵһԼǿ˶ҵļල͹ 
ȣûҵĹʱԻͳﰲš 
Σ涨ڽκѵκ󣬱һʱ㱨һΪͺ꾫 
ٴΣڽܷĸУõ񣬶ҴһԶҡ 
κʱ򣬶κε绰˵æͷÿͨϣҶϵ绰ġཡҲժµ绰ȻκʱػҪġ 
Щϴ⣬εرʾܡ 
ѵЩ𣿡 
Ǻеƽ 
˵˵Ķƽˣ 
ûҵĹʱҲ̫ˡ 
ͳﰲţ룬Ҫʲôȥ򣬶Ҹ¶Ц 
ڿ㣿 
ȻȻüͷ㲻Сڿɣ 
찡Ҳ̫ܳˣ 
Ҫ˵ڿ㣿˵û 
һ˵㻹롣 
ΪҲ²˼빴Сš 
㣬ˡ 
˵ 
 
ƽƽ 
ƽ 
ǲ͵ˣˣͨڿʼִС 
һ仯ҳԾСС￪ʼѧˡ 
һ°ѷŵĹ꣬ҺƣСۣأ 
㲻ôɣ 
һΪҪء 
һˢϴϣϵһոµΧȹæµ״̬ɳϿӡĥϰ죬ϲ̳кϽϿˡ 
ҸоʵߵǰһʱɵۡǷƻ 
ɶ۽ 
ǰ쳢ɣζ 
뵽Щʱļ弦ҿɲҶνζжϣϵǣƻ治 
һ롣ҰѿƸ 
ûˡ 
ûˣ 
ûˡζô 
ûٳ˵ţװҪȥ롣 
ɣصظλһѧġ߻Լ룬ߵ˵ 
֪ǡ衱һ⿼Ůˣܴ˵ÿοϹͶδسԼķˣҸеԼҸŮˡ 
ǴԼ⿣ǴԼҸҲ֪СɧҲûҡ 
ϣȻӺܶ㡪װǰֻƻ֭С 
ҵĹ£ܿףȫ 
һ緹ʱֱ˵ɫ 
̵ˣ·𱻳һɫأ̰Ƶ㵣̵ǷѾˣƵǷǿݲˡļ⽷·һѬڵĺǷܹʳãڵǷѾɶءǺܲ˿ѹû˵ˡƻ֭Ҳȫǰʳﲻ䡣 
ǶٷСɧͷľʻ꣬ǸϽϰ࣬ΪϾҪٵһ·ʣԱɣ 
ҵϵ۰ҵʱôֻԼˣӦҲ׿ƷһԼġ 
𽥵õת˵Ҳõһĸԭû¶ˣһڳĥ 
ÿ°ܼڳæµʱæµһ֪ 
ǣŵèȥȻӺһѽסܡ۵һ£ĹϡţδתŤͷǡҲһǣǿθ 
ҸذѺ󱳿ҵؿڡͷҵļϡҵĶ˵Ҹ



ڶʮ ͯ

       мϣ۹ꡣ ˵˵ͯ꣬궼Щʲô顣ڱҶƤСۡ 
롪 
˵ɡ 
˵ѽ 
Ȼܣʡ 
СʱҿǸ˼ҵĺӡ 
ɣ˼ҵĺ᣿ 
˭˵Ҳģˡ 
˵ǰ𼱰ðɣ˵ 
ȻҾͿһź˵˷ܡ 
ʱĽڳϦҹ̻ۡɫ񻨷գ̫ƯˡʱҾ¸ԸҽǮˣҪ̻İһĵа 
찡ʱİˣʱûǵ٩ 
װġ 
ҸϽʾ֪ЦЦּ˵ 
ʱ죬Ǻ䣬еĺ˲ıϲȥ棬ѽѽˤѽʱСܶܲʱСƨɶˤˡǲ䡢ۣΪˡźҶζˡ 
ҹ˵ƣǾʣºڰˡȴܰ 
һֱڱｲİְֺ裬ҵķӺʹȤ£ڷѧ·ϺһҰ 
װģ˯𣿡 
ڰУͻȻҡ 
ûУ˵ 
ô 
˵÷ǳãر񡣡 
ʵϣڻԼͯꡣ 
Ǻǡô˵ˡ 
˵ʲôͯꣿ 
ǰҺ֪ͯꡣ 
ҵͯûʲôڲͬ˵ɣ˵ţȥȴһʪ󣬡ôˣˣ 
ˣˣ衪Щ̲סʹҸﹰ 
ްܿͿԻؼˣ𣿡۵۾ 
˵˵ͯɡ 
´ΰɣʱ䲻ˣǸ˯ˡ 
˵ǳ档 
ʵҲ˵ 
ðɣҵͯȣûʲôرӡϷӣԼΧܵĴʱϷӶкܶѣʽиͣϷС峺ףϥôϺҳ취 
ʲô취 
취ЩϺҵͰ 
ʱһǸļһ취𣿡 
ţȥϺúܣȴšҾϺߡ 
湻ġ 
˵ҹ֪ʱ͵ʲô𣿡 
ʲôͣ£˼㣿 
ǣߡ 
 
ֱһ꣬ŵҪǹģŻҡ 
ҵı˯ȥڻЩͯʱ⡪أ֪ 
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ҰǮֳɼȷݣģŰɡ 
ʲôҵģǵģǴҵģ֪𣿡 
ԣǵģǴҵģǺǡ



ڶʮ ûû˵

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ǳĶʯ̳ɵСϣСɧҪұߡҿĩ˲࣬ҵҧһֱСľͷȻҵĺϣ˯ˡ 
ʱڹ԰ٺƼҳԷڻƵСɧ˵治ȥˡ 
ЦɵѾͷ治ȥܾСݣĵط 
Ȣ𣿡䲻ðôһ䡣 
һֱǴûгŵ˵˵ԣҸоͻȻԵþִ١ 
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ΪŮˣӦȢˡ 
ǲǵԼ޲ȥ 
仰Цʵ˵ڶúЦ 
ŲǣˣҲֻܿϡǿ㣬㣬֪һ˧Լһʱ˷ܣȫˣ 
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Ϊʲô᣿ϴ軹˵ҪҽһأһԶݣһ˧磬оҵ칫ϰ࣬ȥҪ᲻㣬ȥˡ 
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ΪʲôҺ棬Ծ 
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ܿ죬ſֵĿ 
ƻῪʼǰҸС۹˸绰Ϲ˾ҪоƻᣬҪЩҡ 
װģϰءΪибǵҹҪͨٺȵƣЩؼңҸҴ绰 
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һЩԭϵȫġѼɤӡҲ̨衣 
һЩԭϳŮǩġҲŵ̨趯ŵƨɡ 
һЩԭ϶ĳˣҲ̨˵żıǸ 
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ڶʮ һ

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˵ҪӰൽҹôʮ㲻ͻˣɻʡ 
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ڶʮ 崿

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ֵܣ˵˵ɶʱôСƭһˣ



ڶʮ 

       ˵ټ棬ҵսľ³ʲô⡣ϾϴСЩԴʱ˵͵ģȥЩҲСϲǳɫë ƷֿҺ֮ǰйĶͳͳóȥ˻߸ɴӵΪҶҪĮЩҲϲʱѾҴ޷աǲֻһֱڰ칫ҳ˽Υǹ֧ҾãѹͲӦýƵκʱټЩͲкķա 
ٰ׼۸񲻷Ƶ·͸Сʱƴǣ˵ʲôҲϽܣŪôЩΡֻܴ󷽵£ȻЦ˵°ɣôҲһ⡣˵ǮеǮͳûطӡ 
ΪʲôҪأҵʱĳǣҪ˵Ҫװ񡪡ƽʱܸǵģβôСɣ 
ʵϣϵ÷ǳĬûⷢΪܡ 
Ҹоȴ顣 
һټڼ䣬С۲δἰκι飬ʹ龪һ龪ҴĸܾȻңʧ䡪ĪԽ͡ 
ŰѳƱҪƱʱЦ˵ˡҪһʣǰǵƱ׿ڴһ˵л㣬㻹Ƕٺʡͳ˦ϣȻָҵ˵治֪⼸ôģ۾ôˡϽǮߣҪȥֵҲɢˡײװ 
С۽ĵ绰ܹ˵ˣԾҿҪ¶ǣϽȥ͵ 
ǰ⣬Ҳ͵ʱоˣûкӦһ⣬⣬ֱӵҶʵٴθе 
˵ҲòᵽСΡ 
֮ǰ˵СǸˣСһһǣСεԸȽȴĥСأҾԼ׾֪ʲô˶ƿء 
죬һСҸҵһŸƿλƵߡкüΣŶɳ۹Сγӭȥܷײˡ 
˵ģʱԼޡˣ¥˵뷨СϣǰĿõǴǿܹ֣ôҿضǸذ׽ҹļһ˵ɣҰɣͻˡ룬ҲĶӡ 
ǵģʱңʧȥСηŭ쳣ھƾ£ȻһֽĶҪ֪ǰҶԴ붼룬Ϊ¡ 
ҷˣǽо׳˵˱ȷ˵ǡǽҾȫġ¶֪ǽоΪСȻȻȥҲΪԼװƵʹޡ 
ҵԺطСϳʱ¶ڳϸ޳СȣԼ⻬Ľ㣬һһ顣 
ЩƯĵطҵֱߡԣϣ־ܴȴܼ尾åСҴı 
ǣǼ̸Цֵܣò 
ԣǿرСεζ֮ȥϣ⳵ǰͻȻͣȻŴ򿪣¶ǹ⻬Ľ㣬ϸ޳Сȡ 
Σʵ 
ˣһɲУ˹ȴˮ·档ţҵ׵˺ݺݵһţǰɣģ 
Ҳղţ·ϣ˯ˡ 
ĺɫѾŨЩ 
ҵԴۣ׵Ƶģθжڷһ䣬¡ 
·ߵդҸСȥ˸绰ػˡ 
˸̣˻ҺѵʶȥԼϲ㣬˭ϲɡ 
⳵С߹հ˹գھھŹʱͣСεǰ 
Ҹ˳ѣȻ򿪳³ȥţСΣţǻʤŰ 
ûлֻҽںڰش졣 
ǶôһǸңûˣȥɡȻҷŭѣȻش𲻻Ҹе⡣ 
л˶飬û˿ӦЩ٣ûлؼҡ 
ǣӶһ̨ϡһƨƬڰȥֱȻŬ 
Ƭ̨׺һټ 
̨׵ߴȥУǺܸߡ 
ʱǰʱ֣ﵽȰͽ٣ɢģܲģڸеϻǵģͯתȦġ 
ǳһëǴӲţƫϲ̨׵ߴȥ 
ͨȥȻӹģٵ̨ϣµ˵Ҫȣ⡣ЦȥŽż⣬ץסĽ˵İɣҿԽס㡣 
һᣬһգһԾҸ 
δϸϸƷλӴζѿҵĻ˵߰ɣ˶ء 
˵һΣٺͲˣһ㶼˵ÿåԼ



ʮ пİͻ

       ˵ʱһåǻұվһߣרĿظδӿͻɶ¡ Щ龰ЩЦ̶񣬿ʼһ֧һ֧س̡ 
Ҳ֪˶ãһ֧̻ʣһСضʱɣҿһɫĽγͣСεǰ 
ȻСδӳ߳ЩҡΡţƺ˽عͷתͬʱ߳һˡʮµˣҲʶ 
ǿ˵ЩʲôܽšΪ˿ʼСε֣Щҿȴ޳ܡסСΣδܾĲӹЦ 
ţҵѣЩ嶯ҶԼ˵ȥȥʹᱻһȭյڵϡ 
ҵƨɷ·סˣȽҲƽӲˣҪǣҵ˲ֹͣ˿ 
Ϊǣ˵ǣںڰ˫͵۾ 
ʶԼѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ҲɬúܣǣƨɣһڱϽ뿪ʣҵȴˣ۾ҲܲˡϨˣûζ 
ֹͣ˵رǡС˵Ķ˵ЩʲôתŽݡ 
ΪˣɢˡҲĿһ֮ʧʲôŬȥСΣҲһᷢ裬Ҳֻһ˺һӣһЩ֮ʹ 
ǣ黹ûꡣ 
ػسƣʲôȻϨƣϳźͱա󣬳ܵĺڰɨһȦ󣬱ֱƿţҲȥˡ 
ôһֱСΣ̶ܴΪšڵģΪĳ˿ֱӽ롣Ȼĳ˲ҡҹܶҽš 
Ժұ㻻ֻ룬Ҳûҹ 
бҪȫûбҪˡ 
ʶС֮ҶСεĺ⣬ûôǿˣԭǣҾСҲֻǰҵǣЩһòӦóΪõĻ䡪ûа˿ϲҵ˼ 
˵֮ǰǶԴ氮ľôĹ飬ڶԻľҺٿǹ⡣ 
Ҹ٣ϵʱСסڵذϵһޡ 
ذϾЩҵƷ·鱾ֽȣմƬԼĲмǱΧм䡣 
Ȼﲻǰշһҵս 
СĵؿذϵƬǰ 
ôˣôʲô 
ΪҸо⡣ 
۾ңû˵ 
˵ҲͷҵӲݣ۽δɵϡɼۿˮ硪ĬĬʡ 
һ˯£ؿڵŦۣɫɼŽѾָ׳ʺɫע⵽һֻЬͷɥذһֻϣһֻȴ֪ȥȣŽѾʵˡţ˽Ƶġ 
Сڵذ壬ͷԼĴϣʱسһ߻ֽѵǵˮ 
Сۣôˣٴѯʡ 
Ȼ֪һҵսҸĻйأΪ֮ǰС۸߹ҡҪˣϹġ 
һǵС˵ڱݷĵذ˵־ 
Դ˶϶Ǹ˵ˣǰ龰֤˵һԸ 
ˡС۳˵ûⷬпľԣ촽µڲ 
˵仰˼ǣⷬпľҲİġ 
Сۻû˵꣬㱻ˣСۣ˵ˣӰɡ 
˵ʱ򣬺һ£üͷҲԳѡǣһӿ 
ʱҲſ壬ĲеԵպۡ 
𡪡־ 
ǻɣ˵Ŷ಻áСۣһ 
ұ˵ȥСҲ˫۲Ҹ£Ŭ 
Ҳǰӣ˳ӵǵŬӵذȻӲһͷһ΢ЦûµģЦˣ 
ҼǵãϴСȥϾѧϰʱҲ΢Цġ΢Ц˵ߺͳôø 
ͬ΢Ц̶º󣬾ȻѾ˱ʵı仯 
ע⵽¶ŵ󸽽һ࣬˵ʱ⽫һȥܿ⡣룬ǲӦмָӡۡ 
ͷ 
ϴԡװͷӲݡɫҪ֮ǰúܶ࣬ϴĨˬˮ˵󡣵ڣʹһʱ֪ΰο



ʮһ ˭

       С۴ɨһǽ壬ְʰҡ סˣȥɡС۲һңڿӡ 
һһؿҵ̨ٿǼҵ̨ 
Ҳ֪СۺʲôʱģҲ֪ǵǷ񳬹ҺͻȻϵøԼ 
ɳϣҸȥ绰ң߲ 
ƣҽ㣿 
Ц˵ǵģ㡣 
˵ҿСۡҲ˵ࡣҪֱ˵ɣĸ㣬ղܣ 
ҼЦ˵ãǣ⣬ȥˣ˵ɡ 
ҲЦˣ˵ˣǽС۰ɣˣһ˵ʵɣҲ߲һƯݲң˵һȥټõ꣬˵Ǻ£ԡ 
;˯ӽһֱ˯ꣿ 
ǰɣզ˵զáˣ۽Ͳˣ˵ɡ 
ɡ 
ĵ绰ֿ˻ӣЩˣżСۺ 
̸̸ɣ취С۷Ҷ£Ȼ˵ 
ҹ˵ӣɳҲΧ˹ȥ 
˵˵ô£ 
˵ʵڣƯǸüĿ㡢ٶŮˣ˵ûʲôر˵ĵطΨһֵóƵĴģֲݣԼǡôһ˸ҲǧʦǱסˡȻΪʲôأ 
ȻҲ˵߱͵ʸ 
ҷﲻɣȥˣơ˵·Ǿ伫ϡƽĻ 
㣬ΪԼ룬ֵ𣿻кӣ𣿡С۸æȰ 
Сϲӵġ 
أʡ 
żءص 
׼ô죿Ҫ𣿡Ҽ 
֪Ҳ֪ܸɳʲôֻ֪Լʲ˶٣ֲ˵ҲǸӡ 
˵ʱ͸ŹɺݾԳᣬʹĶһ 
ôҵ𣿡ңӡ󡢼ȻվţҪ¡ 
ҿСȥס㣬˵ˣǶ֪Ķ̫ˣ 
ʵСöԣǲӦԼ˺ۣΪǺ塣Ȼһֱ 
£Ȼһתң 
ǵģûв´ȷʵмָӡۣҷЩСһҪ˺۵ĻôҪ˵˵Լҿ֮ǰǽõȥ 
̫ģ湻ݡ̲סһ䡣 
ǰ˵ˣҴӽǿܲµǣΪʲôҪ㣿˵̫ˣѵֻΪŮˣ 
װģʲô˼仰С̲ҪžòԾˡ 
С۵Ļ˵ӡ 
һ̡ 
ʵˡĺ֪ǸΪʲôҪôݣҪѰұԭ 
С۵˵û¶ǵˮ𣿲Ҷڱĵڶ㣬Ϻõ 
Ȼֶ˵𣿡 
ͳڴ̣ƹȥȻš 
֪ôҵ𣿡ٴҡ 
ȻҵĻ 
˵ΣѾǲһỤָ̄ţʹҺܾȡɵĻ 
ãǲ˵Σô 
ͻȻֲ˵ˡ 
ô˵ʲô 
˵ߴˤȻ군군Ҳܿ죬ҲҪһʱ䣬һ군 
ˣȥλ 
Ǹ淢ֻӵ¡ 
ʵڲ׸淢ͼʲôͬ 
ʲô 
кܶ࣬һУԼӣȻ˵ĽǮ 
˵˵ôǮҪʲô 
ҾѾ嶯ÿҪɥʧˡ˵侲ϸ뵽׸ôҲ֪ڵĻżȻԣǿԱԭµģȻʾĻڡ 
ɥʧҾѾˡݺݵؿһۣȻֺݺݵ˿̡ 
ҲҵĻЩˡ 
ʲôʱ򣿡 
Ǳݵĵذ壬ǰ֪ӵ棬ҵͷڵذϡ 
Ŷ 
ѾóԾԼˡҼǵС֮ǰʱõǡڵġȡ 
˼֮䵽ж˵ԣǿ֪ԼˡһУΪҪһС 
ѾЩʧ̬ˡȻأȻƯϡ



ʮ ˺

       ʱС۴ӳ˳ˮˮ֭һ衣ѱһڸ˫ֱŲ豭ҲȺȱɣ˵װģˣܸ취ɣ 취 
ʵ˵ǰֻǸ۵ëͷСӡ֮Ը˵ҲΪС۵ѣҲΪȷʵҪߵԸָܴõİ취ΪҲǻרҡοڻ⣬ͣһ֪Ľ׶Ρ 
֪ѾǸɷͬھĴ㣬Ҹо£бҪԼһ֪⣬һȰοԱһ磬ȻһްաȰοЧǾգȥˡ룬Ľ֣ҲǸеĳͷΨһҾЩ׵ģֻǺӡ 
˽Ȼ費㶫Ҳòȥ¶ĺδ¶͵ûʲôʵĲͬ޷Ǿ㱻˵Ϲ棬˵šôʦĻ࣬Ҳ뵽ͬᷢϹŮϡ˵͵Ӧò±ѣѵ 
ǺܶȴƫʩˡҿԷŻ㲻ơֵͲεΪ̬£ʹӦã 
£ҿɲô˵ΪС˵Ǹˣ취ԣҵðԼװһˣװһŬ취ӡ 
ҪǿǣʱҲͣػ뵽Լ뵽Ƶ͵飬뵽ԼС۵ıѡҲҺһûб¶µĳꡣ 
ԳһΪ롣Сڴ£˵ˡ 
ӣʣѵһеĸף 
Ҳ˼ҪĿǰͳޣȻΪԼĺӺú롣ҪĸףҲҪףʲôĸĸȥԼħҲʹ˵ƻͬھ군ĲֻǣңԼ޹ĺӡǵĺӣɰϲ 
ҸǺΡ 
СǰСһؼң˵ȥˣ԰ɰСһ 
СһԼĪ꣬һ˫۾ֺģ˵ض 
һΣң֪ΪʲôϲС۰𣿡 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊϲߡ 
˼ǡЦ 
ȻһһصҵĶ˵Ҫһսݣ 
˵꣬໥ű˴˵Ц 
֪õսݣҵõսݻС۰̻ҪƯ 
뵽ҰЩںӵ鶼СҲͷ 
ҵźΪС۵Ȼϵֽʹ۾ࡣ 
޶ԡ 
ֵȼһ֧̣Ȼ˵ҹ˲Щ 
Ĺ˲ΪʲôЩң׷ 
ʵϣû￴ҡ 
Ϊʲôȥ뺢ӣ㣬ǵ˭ȡýĳɾˣӵ棬Ҳڽŵ£ʲôѵ𣿡 
ҽ͡ҲΪѣΪҰ绤룬ˣܲˣҲȥôҾͳ׻ˡ 
СҲ̲סˣǰ㣬Ҳ˵öԣǲΪ룬ҲΪԼ룬һҪΪ롣 
ǣҼԻݽ 
ڻʱǲֻΪԼΪкӡƫҪ֪ȥôȥˡϵҲڴ֪顣Ҫţ˻һǼƵزȥܵõʲôأôҿԶ϶ʧȥģźϡֹͣɣеԹޣֻΪӡ 
һ˵ȥһЩ۵㡣 
ٿʱָоһ˿ϾǰŮѾ˺ۣպۺ໹δˣҪأ 
ⱾͲƽ 
гıǲǿƽΪȡġܸо֮ҪƸ۰ϹأҪһԭΪɥʧΪ֮ǵǰ 
ìܵģʱ㲻֪ĸչ仰˵ÿʱʵ㲻ܣøʱʵɿܡ 
ˡ 
Ϊҵⷬݽȴҿ˿ܵļ󡪡ٴͷȥ˼ʱʱƴҡͷ 
ҺС۶ۣȻȴ̬ȡ 
ڣ˵ˣҲ˵ĶԣҲֻΪԼҪʱ䣬Ҫ侲ú˼ǵģҲûжӣҲûҡ 
̣С˵ллСۡ 
ЦЦЩ 
Ҫ˵л㡣׼ôأСʡ 
Ҳ֪úú롣ڣһƬҡ 
Ҳ죺̸һΣϲ̸ֻһʱͿͷұʾ֪ôһкִԲִΪôֻۣ㡣øһᣬ 
Ҳ˵ĳ仰ִ̼ˣҪִ 
Ǻǡ̫ɰˣȻЦһ㶼ǿʵ޷ôôݣҪңһ֪ˣ֪𣿽ǵڶˣȻҡǸųĻ뵰ҡΪҸе£ȻΪΪˣҸŲҡһи⣬ңԭһ𣿡 
Сۣ㣬ԭ𣿡ҹ׸Сۡ 
ҡС֧ᡣ 
˵Ҳġ˵ 
źҲ޷ԭ¡˵꣬С񷸴Ƶĵͷȥ 
ҿɰСۣʱͲӡǵ˵ǸĹ⵽ǾǣǾͲǡ 
Ҫ֪ŬֹһĻ磬ôθͬܣҲֱ˵ 
ΪĿǰҪĻԡ 
׸СۣĿģһ̽ɡǵì£׻ѡʲô 
ܣ̫֪ĳ죬ȴҵĻʲô֡



ʮ ·ת

       ǣһ˵ԭ¡Һ˿ڲ裬Ȼ˵ Ϊʲôͬ 
ΪǸԼ˵ǷڳеǷΣԸԣȴжõΡ赭д˵˳ 
ЩˣСҲǡ 
ɻ˵ס 
˵ξǹҲ˵ 
ȥ衣С˵꣬ȡϵĲ豭˻Һݺݵһۡ 
ֻҺ 
һ֧𣿡 
ллЩ䵭ˣҪ 
ֻǸԹߡҲô˵ǣĲ뿴磬˵ı˴˲ܿԼĹôǵ̬ǷҪƽأãͲӦýݣ߼װû 
Ǹһס 
㱻߳ͷԣҲǡ 
ʱҵֻˡҴ򿪣ǶţС۵ġǧʦ飡 
꣬ҺֻЦ˵ҸˣһѴԷء 
Ŷ֪ˡҵϣȻһԶҲЦ˵ 
һ˿⣬ȻεЦЦ 
С۶Ų豭ٴ߳ô˵أ 
˵иҪˣСۡǣϣһԶ 
Ҳ²Ǽס 
ʲôĸѣ𣿲УĶҲȥĸѶСС꣬ûһش𣬱Ȼ 
ԣһԶٷɣҲұʾ¶ǵĸл 
ٴǿס 
ǺǡЦЦСۣ 
ʵߣ 
Цʲô죬ҵģװܿקҵֱҡװģһΰɣ㣬òã 
˾ȻһЦǡЦ˵ǵСֱۣ̫ɰѽ 
ǶܷḻܸߣʱغǿЦ 
ˣ˵ллһֱҵڡһ侲һλᣬʹͽ͡ 
ע⵽ûᵽӣҲʱ޷ǺӣҲˣֻǾûбҪ˵ 
ⲻ֪Ըı뷨ԭ򣬵һȷţǾĬԼͬˡΪСȥ⳵ʱС˵͵ûɶ˵ġ˵Ҳǵһˡ˵˲͵ȣ𣿡 
Ҹܣҡ 
ˣô㶼񡣡 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊ˵Щ 
ֱʱСۺᣬٿʱӴպѾģˡ 
ĻƺԷ·תҲڶʵǰ£һ롪 
룬ҵϹ̹׵˵˺ʦķϵʱرʾԼϾʦһҶϹҲͰݡϹ֪ôϼӴ˸е߳ܣ֤ʹǰǣٷ롣ֹˣǻͺӵɹʶΪǵȫô͸һƬδ 
ƾԲˣһι̶гİϵˡ 
Ҳж߻̲סҪЦʲôƨߣԲаɣֱ쿪 
ңΪ˵ˣǼ롣˰ʵô򵥣ôҲŴһģ 
˵ĶԶô򵥶Ϻʵôӡ 
죬ֲĸһСվؼҺ͸ĸһ꣬Ҳûиеʧ෴Ϊˡ 
죬Ƕһ𣬼ûô´·˽Ͳ졣ǰѿȻڴ˵˵˵˵ˣ໥գ۾顣 
ڼ䣬ǳ뷽棬ţ̣Ƭȥ䣬һΡȻ˶ٻذҼǲˡ 
ƶһΪϸƻ嵽Ҫٻصٱ飬Զٻشͣζٴʤ 
μƻУСȥ˫ɣԭʼɭסϼ졣 
̧ͷ죬ҶĻͷʻһزݮǷĿһڶġС˵ 
ʱأ۾ 
һ㱿һʱˬʣȥ˫ɵľʱ䡣Ȼ۾˵ 
ǣڼ±֣صؼһһڣ˫ԭʼɭ֣Ұס 
ʱ֣ƮѩҼǵĶܷȻôѩ 
ǹͬ𴲣ȻԳ˸ԡ֮ʰӣؼҵȥ鷿ддС˵ 
죬С˵дò˳˼·Ҫӡһ֧̺תҪ˼ʱﴫһ󼱴ٵĵ绰 
Сۣ绰µ绰 
졣 
ֻ߽ժµ绰 
ιãʡ 
ǻʤɣ 
ǵģǡ 
ˣ 
Ǻǡ㰡û 
˵ôôϤأоò 
Ҳʡ 
Сۣ𣿡 
ڣһ£ȥ 
µ绰߽ң·Сۡ 
Сۣ绰 
֣ûκηӦ 
߹ȥ 
ˣءһתժ¶е 
˵ôƵģӵ绰أȥҽӹĶ󣬡û



ʮ Ӱ

       С۱ųȥˣȻڲ輸ϵĵ绰Ͳ㣬ҪҺϢ𣿡 ţ绰߿Ц 
Ҳ£ȷòĺϹĳֹʶ׿һйǣľ 
Ҹе泩ЩˣȻĻҺ޹ϵңԹߵ̬һ֮ͥǰҺʱأ 
һжΪСۣװСۣҰ㣬Զ 
ҿһĵСۣ˷ϧ 
Ů죬ͨͷȽҶ򣬴ʲô˵ʲôأҵص㣬ץסߣȻٳ֧û绰Ƶ˵ûꡣ 
֮ûûˣ»ص鷿ΪС˵ڶʾ֭ 
ͷ 
ҾöЩȥúţ̡߳鷿˭֪һۿŵ绰Сۡ 
ģɣģ 
ʱ˵һ仰ǡƽĹλϣΪҵƽ׵ŮǣʾԵľ塣 
Ҫһ𣿡򿪱䣬Сۡ 
Ұ֣ʾұ 
ҷɫ֮ǰȫͬԵࡣԾźţ̿ʾҸϽȥţ̣һ˵ 
ֻҡҡͷʾ֪ȤȻϱ䣬 
ҹĴϡ 
СʣôΪʲôأ 
˵в𣿡 
˵ǵģˣûһֱû˵𣿡 
˵Ϊ˵˵ء 
˵ʲôʲô 
˵˵ɣΪʲô 
С۶ҿ˿Ȼ̾˵ˣ˵ˣ˯ɡ 
Ϩ˵ƣѣң˵ 
ڰҺȷݵ嵽׾жԶôоնأѵİĻɸСˣ 
˯𣿡ͻȻһţȻҡ 
ΣĸомǶξ롣 
Һ֣һµжԶԲδش 
ǣСƨƴҡ 
𰡣ò˯ˣץסԹ 
㻰أô˵ 
˯û˯ŲҪ 
ʲôҪأ 
˯˯šϡ 
˯ɣҡ 
õģ 
ʲô˼תҵĲʡ 
ûʲô˼˯˵İ 
ҪĹҰɣ 
˭Ұ 
ʲôҪĵģ 
Ҫ˯ 
Ц 
֪ж£ܹ֮ЦҺСۺˡҼǵͨǡ֮ǰЦ֮ܿ˼ĩ 
һ֮Ǻܿ˳˼״̬ 
˸㣬ܻ𣿡 
ʲô 
 
ʲô˼ 
̹װɡ 
̹ʲô 
̹ôôѽ 
Һܻ 
Ȼֱ͵֣ԳԵЦ 
˵ⷽš 
װˣҲҪڷܵġ˵ǰЩСڷˣ 
ǰҲʹƵ⡣ 
СʱͻȻһ󡪡ԼϲСʱǲӦװһװأڴװһװװŲ֪룬װűֱţװŽųװҲĿֻ꣬ǲAƬеŮαװԸ̫߳١ 
ţСִߴ٣˵ 
˵ʲôһڹ⡣ 
˵㵽׸С 
ûУ㡣 
ܣܣǲ˼˵˰ɣ 
ûС 
˵̫ˣ 
ǡ 
ˣҲˡٸҲ˵ҪңԺ㻹𣿡 
ʲô㲻ǲ˰ɣ˵ͦһ˰ 
ȥƿҵ֣ҾֱӸңĵġ 
ᣬҵֻ㣬ڣǽ 
ҿɸ㰡ҪǱҴˣĲ㡣 
أ 
 
ɣ㼸ʱѧˣ 
ҾڿЦƽȻоôֵֹġ˰ɣ 
Ȼȴ˵ģһô 
ǣҷ·𿴵˺ڰеԼסɺС 
ңҼҪ϶ҡ 
ҿҪ˯ʱСںڰʣװģ˯𣿡 
˵ô˯ʲôֱ˵ɣҲ̫ĥˣЩƲסˡͻ𣿸ɴЩ 
֪ڵ绰˵ʲô𣿡 
֪˵ҸܶС𣿡 
 
ʲô˼𣿡 
ŲǡˣΪʲô룿 
ϻôͣ˵˵ȥ˼𣿡 
ţҿʼԾ˯⡣ 
֪ʦˡ 
ʲô˽Ҷûüɿ 
˼һֱڿҪҪ˵ء 
ô˵ 
˭Ҫǰ˵ģ 
һ֪˵ȻʣôͿԲ壬οȨ׷ԼҸȻȴ÷ŭ쳣 
Ҹֻ֪ԼҸôأ˭ܸǿɰĺҸ 
˵ԼΨһԽܵľǺӣöԲ 
α֪СۣǸ˽ĸף䣡 
ҲҪΪ밡˵ô죿 
ô죿Сۣ֪ѣͬʵҲͬ顣ǣҸ㣬ͬû壬ֱɿЦ 
룬Щŭɶ 
װģôˣھǻᱻ㳳ѵġ 
֪ǺҲĸףһֻΪǿȻ׷ҸȨ 
ǵģ뵽Ǻӡǵģ˵ǺӿҪˣΪһûмԼĸף⣬ҵԺȫͯļ䡣




-- --



ڶ 
ʮ 

       ڻϼҵĻϣԺӰܻҡŸϳǰӵæҵȺйءһ־òǡȺڶãȻİǸڵкأ ҲȥʹС۾ظĸ߹֮ʱܲҪһЩ顣˻֮ƱصСݡΪԴȥ֮ҾͶϼоˣȻ羰续ȻңȻżҪ 
ǣҪ绰ʱһܴĴΡÿΣĬᰦ̾ʹҾò̶ԥ 
ɴĬ֮ٴδ绰ڿʼ˵ˣ֪㲻뿴ǣҪȥ̷Ͽɣ 
֪Ҳȥģԭ˵ˡҲǲ뿴ǣǺǣʹǡһ֪˸ףͬҲ뿴ҡԣҾø֮ǰһ˵ģ֪ǲ뿴ϣҪȥ̷Ͽɣ 
˵ҺǱ˴񣬶ڣĲ뿴ңʹǡʱһ뵽ĹϵҲǱ˴񣬺ȴˣȻˡǣͷġҺ֮ҲˣôһΪˡҾܾ 
֮˵Ǿ仰Ϊ֪Ҳ̵ķҶϼҵΨһǣҡҿܻȥΨһɣô²⣬Ҽ̡ 
״ӲǷΪһģûʵıҪиԭǣһ˵ʲôʲôҶֻûǣִҪ绰ңȻҪҪ¶˵û¶ҹˡʱԼ⣬ԼղŸ˵ˣĸףġ 
˵ջصϼҵԭ򣬲ֻΪ̡ 
ôڻϣԺ﾿ЩӰأ 
һӰСۡ 
ȥ·Ǽԯޡ򱱣ֱﳤϣصϼҡ 
˵ãȻȥȻٷءڸײͣĵ绰£˵ִˣһ롣ԯ޵ĳƱǿǽһִС 
ٷֱʱһ·עԺȣ˯ʹҾͻȻֱһҪչ˵ĺӣ˵ġ 
Ҫȥˣ𣿡 
ġ 
𣿡 
ᡣ 
ǵǰļ𣿡 
ǵãҪҪٱһΣ 
ˣϾҪˣ 
˵ţ˵ǣҸ񱼸սʿҵĲӣ£װģ֪һ㶼ģһӶ뿪㣡 
ţλһﶢЦҸϽӣΪҲಱӦеǺۣСģǸ£ҵģ˭Ҳֻǵʱʹʹ 
ڶӰơҺ绰һؼˣף֡뵽֮ǰ˵ҪսʤԼʱС۵£ҷͷ 
ƣ֣һŬġĬĬ˵ 
ʱŴɽͣҵ˼ҲŹȥҿһ֣СһлϺҷֵ𣬶ԽԽԶ뵽Ҿ͸ϽԼ˯ʲôȥ룬Ҳ¸롣 
𳵾ϼԽԽʱҿʼ뵽뵽Ǹ˵Ҫ˵ĺӡӣ꣬ 
ǺӵӰԺͣúܶݣΪƯŮԱңͬ־ѡγվҪˣ뻻Ʊ 
Ժȫͯʱ̡ 
ʱ̣Ұְأ 
˵ˡ 
أ 
Ҳˡ 
Ȼһῴޣó겻·ĨᡣĵʵڲУͱȥžͿ޳ұ޵û졪˭û졣 
ǴݺҵһЩִϸϸľԼһһйӵ 
ʱûкԸһ档Ȥʱң˵֡ÿʱҵĹܻ໡Сһ¡ҲΪֻңӰ롣 
һЩӣǻǣǹң˵ǵĴǹһھͿ԰ҳˡϰԵرŹĶӵʼĹЦ 
ӡǣÿ̻ңô£˭۸ˡһҶ˵ʵڲо˵̣ԺҲٰ·Ūˡ 
ÿμô˵ҡͷ󣬾ԵĹӣι㷹㵹ã˾ͺ¡ 
ţҾͺ͹Ӷ̳ɤļûҰר۸ǼҰˣô۸Ϲͷݣݡ 
ǵģʱСал˼ɡ 
һֱֱھȰɲݣѱȰ衣 
ҹʱѵң˵Ժ˭۸㣬Ͱ򡣡Ҳңҡ̵ѵ⣬֪ңۻҡʱۻҵֻйӡ 
ǣˡ 
һδ˶С 
һѧҼ˱ͷĹӡҷȥҪɿڲϵסңҪԤȮӡ 
ʧȥͯʱΨһĻ顣Ϊ£Ҽһû˵һֱ˵꣬꣬ٸ㱧ֻСǻӡ 
ʱһ룬Ҫǰְڣһоͺˣ



ʮ ʵ

       վʱ뵽ЩеС·Һ̣йӵĻ֡ 
ڲҪȥȥ׾סһСҳΪ硢硢ɩɩˣԼһҽȴӲӵŮˡ 
Һܻɸʱ۹⣬ʱĳֳ嶯סˣԲſǸŮˡһֱںڣֻҲ֪ˡ 
˵һˣԺˡһǴŮˡ 
Ȼȥ󣬲Ŷ˵ⷬġ 
֪ԼǸи׵ˣǱ˵֡Ϊǰҽеͷ˵װڻˣԺҪˣҪ߲ˡ 
˵仰ʱϴС꼶Ȼûޡ 
ұ㱻״سǸŮˡ 
裬Уа׽˵ 
ŻӵȷһֻţͳҸоǣ촽ʺ񣬶ͿЩͣ͸һѩζһۣҾ巳ˣҪŻ¡ 
ԣҲḸ׵ĻֻͷȥԼĽż⡣иҪԭǣֻ˵Ļ˵ҵˣֻ˵װֻˡ 
ȻŮ˲СƺӣȴҪвУﻹءүһȥɡ 
˵꣬ŤŲԳƵƨɽˡ 
ȻĴȥģΪôĶӡҴһСݣҪһһཷǶٷܲҳԡҳԵͦ㣬һֱੲݵҪѧɡ 
ԺҾ֪ĵλ˵û˰Ѹ˵Ļ¶Ҳҡ 
˭ְ˭¶أ 
ǣЩǳ£һҪɢȥ£Ѿ̤еأôһ˳ȻɣҺܿ뿪 
ֵƳϣֵȻˮ뼸ǰͬǣվ˸޴ʵܣ״ҲԹСաΣ򡰵ΡɺٲȻѾб־Խûôʩĸ߼ţǴµæµšԶƺ԰㳡һȺžǼ㳡衣 
û˼ϸеı仯ΪҶˣ൱ 
ϣЩӰʱҸɴ˯ûгʲôοЩ˯ҵףҲҳԲáʲ¡ 
Һҵ׵ȥǼСݣӡеĵص㶵תһȦ뷨աǣǰһδ뿪ʱѾصˡ 
ҪѰ˼ȥļС͹ƤʱС۴绰 
װģ㵽𣿡 
ûУˡ 
Ǳôô 
ҳվˣڽϣѰ˼ųԵʲô 
ֱӻؼҲ͵ѵû׼һʢͣ 
ǺǣЦЦ㵽ˣ 
ǰ絽ˡҲǵģһֱҵ绰˵ġ 
ⲻϹһˣʲôõĵأ 
ҲһŶҹ·ϣк꾫ģ 
С۵绰ɫһһЩĲ͹ݣҪȥһƵһȥɣҸ÷ˡ 
ת㵵ؿ 
겻ˣСһȦˡ׾ϣȻѾɿģЩײࡣʱǾĶӡһеĽȫûˣɢԹޡ 
ңһ·Ϊ֮ǰҵĵиҡ˶ҡһתȴʲôҲûСҲɵְҵϰ߰ɡ 
ԥһ˵ã߰ɡΪҲ˵ô֮ĳĬܾá˵ʵ޴ȥ 
׺ܸˣȻͳݸ˵㣬һֱŵ 
ҿһۣûҪӵ˼ 
ǰƷ̣֪ǴĶŪġ 
ԼųɣС 
ţ¶ʧɫȴ̣ܿһ֧Ǿͳһɣ 
۰Ͱ͵ؿң󡪡Ķӳһ̡ҿ۾ʲô 
Ӧ˵һɲǼ䣬ҵǾġ 
˭˭̫˼ˡˣֻҪ⵽Ļ龰ˣǾԲ뵽˾ȻһԸӡ 
Ծûнӣ˵ˣԼ顣 
ʧ¶Щɥˡ̣ɵ˵Ǵ򳵻ȥɡ 
߻ȥһش˵ҪĬּһ䣬ҲԶ 
ʲôʣƺûΪղһǹ˵Ļ 
߻ȥǰҳЦЦ 
ǰ룬 
ƺļ˻Ӧٶˡ 
ȻվˣŶãǰһ 
ҲЦЦȻõ



ʮ ǰ

       ǰôǰʲôأ ȥ֮󣬸ײû뿪ӣס˺ܶϡ 
ϣҴһ˵ӴӲŵӰҪȥǰҵóࡣҼǵãʱĬԡ 
˵ϢǸ˵ģԼһȫ˵Ļ 
Ӳݣ߰·Щ۵СӰѾֲָ 
ǴΣǰ棬ں档 
ʱصСºڣҪǰĺڰͻȻצħ 
ԣҵսľسǰߣʱعͷְ֣ҵĺӦԾȡǣԷĵسǰߡ 
Ҳ£ʱ֮ǰ棬һΪһС 
˵ͻȻ뵽øһ˿οϾˣҲˣΨһ˱ 
ܿ죬еǰںͬҹ 
ҷ·ֻصС·ĽŲɡ 
˰ɣ 
ûͷߡ 
Ȼж·ǳĬġ 
ڳվͿˣĽŲ 
֪ 
ΪʲôǶң 
ҡ¡ 
£۲۰ָеᷳ 
ҡ 
˵ˣ㻹ǵǴδȥӰ𣿡 
Ȼǵã㻹ǵð 
ʱҾ֪һصСĸסȻһСǰĺڰ 
Ϊеͣ½Ųúһ 
˭֪ǰһקҵĸ첲˵ǵðǵС룬Ҫں棬߶ô죿 
Ϧҹҹ̻ڿѤʱڴϣΪðˡ 
һֱԼ˵֮ǰӦ̵ķǰ紵ôáʾ˵ˣȻӹĳһ֮ұݲϴ˯ 
һŽűӵ˵˵ҪȦ齫ҪҪ 
Ҿþòشţȥˡ 
ǳ£Ҫ׼齫ҵĶܿˡԡܡľϲ 
֪أ齫ôʱǶҴϣʹͷ۲ѡʹ࣬оǾϲر̶ 
أҴһС 
Ȼǵ˽ưϲӰҲܴӺǽڼ͸ 
ڹ꣬û˼Уòһʽ 
ĻνˣбҪһα˵Щãʵĵףĵļܻͷ 
磬ϲ߾뷢Ʒһ˵ܽ߾ˣƸ⡣ 
ٱ磬ɩɩԸҵĻģٻʱһܸۼҴƯĵϱ 
ҼǵãҾ뿪Уʱ˵ġ 
ҴûǵĻ¶Ŀ⡪СƺܲˣҪˣ治 
˵ĵϱβģԸûС 
οС崿ɰһƬŢ𣿼ʹԸ⣬ҲӦȻǺ󻰡 
λǶҵ̬ƺı˲٣º˺ܶ࣬ǸҴӲӵŮˡ 
ĵϣȴҵģС˵ġһʢ͡ 
һҽݣҸæվ϶ѵȫЦ 
˵ˣܰѽǾ͵㿪ء 
ɩŸͣǰ͵ء 
ԼǾͱˣۿɣҶˡ 
ɩһۣʲô˰֪ԣ 
ţһЦҲЦ 
ŮϵΧȹæµţͷҲص˵˵ҪصȥЩ㡣˵ˣϲԽλ㡣ȳţϾá 
Ļ͹˵ǲϲҵģϲԴĺ⡣ 
ҿɲ˾ܳȻδܹŴ޷Ǹ׵һΰҴʱ˵Һ硣 
ϯ䣬ǸŮЦӯӯȫƵ۾˵˵ڶܾˣ治ǼҪϢˡ 
һȻ򡪡ԭˡ 
ǣҳ׿һۣ졣񷸴Ƶģͷȥ 
ôһΣڵ绰˵ѾƯչתһҹ湫˾ı⣬ϣһ绰ѯĸСڻУΪ߶ûꡣ 
룬ҲǸװǣŻһʢ͡ҪȻôأ 
ŮҪǣ飬ʹҺܲϰߣҲ磺˵軰Ҳ࣡ 
С˵˵䣬ͷˣŮ˲ˡ 
׸æվˣˣջԷ 
أеö໶ǹͰɩ˵ 
һˣʲôѵ 
ˣ˭ˣѻ˵ 
ž 
ҰѿһģݺݵسɩһۣȻͷҲصˡ󣬶ںܣ



ʮ ں

       ˵Щĵģ绻⣬ЩȤ顣 
˵˵ҵĺӰɣţţ 
Ǻ꼶ݵģܺﾫϲ԰ڡ 
죬ˣΧһ齫׺ǸŮ쾮˵Щʲôڲɳϣ߿ӱ̡߳Ҹ£ɡ 
ûʲôɿĵӣţţ¥˳رߵ齫ߣƴĸ첲˵ϰ֣Ǯ 
պһƣ鲻ԱСƣֳֽƱ˦Լļ˵ȥɣҡ 
ţţǮҵһܳ⡣ȥԵĻġ 
˻ִٴߵ齫ߣ裬Ǯ 
ΣȻҴˣĳΪɩף˳˦һԺС˵ļ磬һǧֲô 
Ȼţţղ˴ɩļ 
Ȼôһίʵڲʣǻ˾䣺Ҳȫң̫ţѧѧ۰֡ 
ǰѴɩǼˡ 
վҪץסţţᡣϣţţúܣƵһ˹ȥȻѸ¥ܣʹɩȫץ˸գ˳£һֻŲֲȻˡ 
ֻӷ׵壬ѩһѶĲ輸ײ˸Ľų죬ǹһء 
ΣѴҶˣ綼ЦȻ 
ɩ˼ķ̣壬Բָ¥ҲЦţţС˵㣬ǰɣ㲻ɡ 
ţţȻһػص㲻׵𣿵ϵ߲ˣ㻹ܲң 
˵ֳ꣬ҵһƳȻװߵӣת߽䡣 
ɩ뷢ȴ׺ǸŮȰסģʲôӲ£˰ɡ 
ְ˽Žɩӵذקҡ 
ʵţţǸشĺӣ˵ĺѧͨǰ༶һѧϰΨһȱݾǲԸҵһ˵ɩðѲ˵ʹ£Ȼ˵ٲҵҷһ֡ǾԲе¶ġ 
ʱذΪʲô 
磬ɩոһҪģʣΪʲôгҪģ 
ɩţĵظΪϳġ 
ţţˣϳ˾ǳҪ𣿡 
ɩͷˣϳ˲ǳҪģѵǳҪģ 
ţţģּʣ㻹˵۰ϳģҲǳҪ𣿡 
ɩɫ䣬һӣС˵㻹ûûˡû־ǸҪġ 
ţţţţһŸղŰһӵİͣһ߲˵㻹Ҫ˯һŴء 
Ūôɩּ֪Ǻá 
˽˱ԼĶӣ˵δ˵˵á 
˵ӣ뵽Сۡôϲӣôϲÿһӣ˵ϲԽ 
ʱҵ˼άÿӶɾµߣԼһӡ 
罫ĳ죬ҲԼĺӣ治֪ʲô 
Сһ¶ƯӣϸС֡󲻳һ࣬᲻ۻŢĥص಻أ 
һӣôһҵѪҺ类עҵĻҾ᲻ңӽĳʱ̿ʼܹҵظԼѪܣǹаѵѪҺͷŸɾһȫѪҺ 
ҲúЩٲᵽʱѾܵԼ 
룬ңԶûкӣ˵ҾͲкӡСϲӣϲСۣ̫˸оˣ 
ڹںӵ˼Уһ뵽סȻѡ˽ҴӴߣôǷúЩأǷҲúЩأ 
Щ׵ı仯ҲһֱҲĵʹ࣬κθ׶޷ġ 
ôҵʹأ 
Ȼ䣬뵽ʱС˵һֻɽ򡪡ͷϳֻǣȥޱȣ°ȴϵĺ룬ɽĳĽ䴭 
Ҳֻɽ 
ϣɽһֻǡ 
ұһֻҰǣΪ˺˸󣬶һȺĴΧŹǰ˺ۡһϢһˮٷİĴƯ 
ҵΧһƬ˵ĿֲɫĺˮĴˮΣЩҵϣ˿ڴʹʹ̡īɫˮݽƯƹˮεΧ˸ɫĳӡ 
ҾںƮƮҡҡ 
֪˶ãҴӳ˯ϲϴС۵ĺװģĶˡ 
һξĺ棬ɵգмҶۣСװģĶ 
ҵǰīɫˮݣ˸ɫĳӣҵĺɳƣ뺰ȴ΢Լ 



ʮ 

       һ磬ͻȻ߼ʵĵطȻЩɫĹΣɷǺٴαӿѸپۼȻ ʱڷ俴顣ײ֪ʲôʱ̧߽ۿʱӣҶлҪ˵ 
˵˵ɣҪ죬ָˡ 
ҿһۣͷ顣ϰˣһҪϰڴˡ 
ˣЪɣлҪ˵ǰŲŲ 
˵ɣء飬ҰһԵϣȻŴⷭơ 
֪һֱϸ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩҵԽԽˡ 
ˣǲΪ̸Ѿ׼ܳʱˣҲͷĻֱ˵˵ġ 
ʲôʡ 
˵˵ģЩ 
ҡ 
źҪź˵ҪѵšӡУûѵҡһ㣬˵ʱáҡá֡ҲǶϰˡȻҲϰá㡱 
㵽˵ʲôһлбҪ˵𣿻УҲ㡣ҷȻ˵żٻ 
Ҫĥ 
ΪȻ죬˵˵衣 
ͣӿڴͳǰ̣Ȼһ֧ŵߡ촽ûѪɫܲ԰ס 
㲻Ҫ˵ˣҸûйϵҴ衣 
ѵǸŮˣûңûκѪԵϵ 
ǣ˵ҲҪ˵˵裡 
Ŷҵ裡ʲôʱļ䰡̫ԶôҲȥ˵ˡ 
Ҽǵ˵ǸǴˡôҲҪ˵ˡ 
ȴִ˵ 
˵ʲôɻ󣬸׵Ҫ˵ʲôأ 
Ҫ־͹ҰɣҵĴ 
ǹ֣֪˵ 
㲻ǣı 
Ǻޣǣ֪𣿡ҿɴûǴȺӶҵĳƺǺ֣ 
ͺҰɣ衣꣬ҰߵġҧŬ˵󼸸֡ 
Щ˵ȥ֧ҧŵڲ 
ʲôҳԾɴû˵Ҳû 
ȻҸԾġ 
Ұ˵ġ 
Ѿ൱ʹ࣬ⶼڳ鴤 
ţ׿ʼһԼдĹ¡ΪμҷǵûҪŭ¸˭ģңûС 
ҾԼƽһԼ޹ؽҪĹ 
Щ꣬첻ؼң֪ȾơǮΪ£辭ҳʱ㻹С´ɣױȷ£ô󣬶ԣô󡣡 
ʱǾ𣿡 
죿ҶԼǸ졣ʱһɳһã޴ľžңҲ뵰һŵȼ̣ݺݵһڡڡ 
Ȼ󣬵ͷڣҶԲ裬㡣 
ɾΪʲôΪŮ𣿡Ҳڡ 
ǸŮˣǣҴҺǺû취İ취 
Ӧֱ˵򵥵װɣʵĽ쳣 
ʵ˵Щһֱ㡣˸ңҾһֱû˵ 
˵ɣ¸ЩҾãԼѶһ졣 
ҲҵĹҲ׼һСǣ˵ˣٶ 
һΰ참УʶһŮˡǸѸɷûкӡʱаƵģÿ춼ܡأ¾ʹˡ֪Ѿ˰ˡٺɳ֪֡ģʱǼ˵ģԽԽסɳҪҹְҲʱҿʼܣ쳳ְͣÿ춼ȵģؼһҪᡪ 
ͣѾɿݵʹǵ˫ۣȻ˵ȫңҼ˼еĶǷһ 
ôҲأ̲סִ 
ʱţţһƿţȻ˸ܿȥ 
˵ɣأһعͷʡ 
һ죬Ҵƻ費ڼҡʰ룬϶ɨøɾΪȥˡ˭֪ϣǻȥһʣ˵Ͱ͹ȥȻˡ 
ôˣҳˣĳˣ 
һߵģûٻ 
ģ 
Ҿø׵۾˸ҪҪЩʲô 
ġ˵ȥϺຣݣٺʲôҲû˵ˡ 
ţͻȻҪϲ 
ʲôҾϲأ 
ҵﰡ֪һûһأЩҺʱϹ˼ͿһֱҪĬĬضԼ˵ҵü㣬ֻһΣһۣҵʲôʲôʲô裬ЩĺһϵûС 
Щĺް̼Ҫҷ𣬸ֵһᡣ 
֪һϢûСҿ˺ܾãøø˵࣬㳤ˣ֪һСʹҡͷǵˡ 
һ˵Щʲôȴһ֣ȥ¡ 
ŤͷȥŶ֪ˡ 
ţ״ЦЦ˵ȥһ£һ 
ߵſʱƺʲôҪ˵תҲǸˡ 
֪ΪʲôҶԸͻȻҲûԹޣȻһֱƭôꡣ 
Ȼ߳ʱһ˵һ䣺Ա˹ְ԰ɣ



ʮ ج

       ϣ׺ǸŮڳﻹִЩʲôȴѡ 룬ҵĸףȻôôأ˽̰һ˽ĻںޡԼĶѶţﷸã¸ҵظ࣬ʹһֳ嶯Щ֮ķȥĳ죬ǻһҵǰȻҲͲϲ 
Ȼξȴٸҿ־壬ʹ󶼾㤲ѡ 
˯ǰС۸һ绰˼˵Լĸĸңܸ˵ã˵ҶչˡдС˵ݸ˱ȥ 
װģˡڵ绰˵ 
ôˣ 
ûͬ⣬дС˵ˣҸǿˡ 
Ǻǡûʲôô˵ 
ϲܿţǿð֣ķ˿ˣ 
ɣҲϲҵĶ 
ģƭ֪Ҹ˵ҵѣ˵飬ô˵ 
ô˵أҲ² 
Ǹ˵һҵģҵ۾ġǻ˵ϣܰһԶٷҪǵĴҡ 
Ǽôο飬ҵξƻһУĪûף޵ 
ҾȻҪƽˡ 
죬Һܸˣ˺ܶơڽĵص㣬ҵ벻ˡ 
ȥƣ˸ң˵иҡ 
ΪĸٵѣǸ˵͸ųȥˡ 
֪ȴСۡ 
ЦǺǵ˵ôҲҰһҡ 
ЩΣǴ󷽵һ䡣 
£໥ѣ̾Ƕ䡣 
̸ʱС˵ôæûüϸϸѵ˵ţһѷذףʹҿ־岻ѡ 
ȴЦţ£һرЩ㻹°ɣ 
ʵڲ֪ѵ˼ֻЦԼ 
ʼղӣ˵ôûг⣿ 
ΪʾԼĳ⣬ֻȥӡ˭֪ڸҪӹǰѵʱĵͻȻϨˡǣҵǰһƬڰ 
Ӻ󣬵ҵ۾ʱеһ˿ۡ 
ٿСʱȴһΡ 
дʱҵԺظĻֲľȻֻ֪һجΣѾȥܶꡣ 
Сͷɢ֧һıץǰѸղŻҪ͸ҵذ˵ʤҪɱ㣬Ҫɱ㡪 
ǰذףһѷ䵶ɹʿԲ䵶䵶¶ź⣬͸ɱ 
ɫսս¹ʶƵмӣ͵ſڷӴܣһͷ 
־ǣƽһšͿţʱȴôҲ򲻿ױһС۵ӱΪ컹ӵһ𣿡 
ҾؼߴţĶᵽɤۣʼ·ԩǡʱҸоһ̹ǵıӺ󱳵ļ׵ٴ͸ؿڡ 
ţҶŵͷǱؿڣм䲿λһٿءʧˣؿϾͳһѪٽţֶ˼Ѫ 
ƹĿγɼĹ 
ĿʹܾǵڱҵϤţ߳һš 
漣ˣš¡һ£Ӧأ˵ҡ 
һŲ·ײײرӳȥźǣӵǸմѪ䵶СۣʼβǶȻǰҶһԼ֪طȫҪҽҪӹ٣ɻûҴػ180Ϊħһٴҵ۾ 
جξһֱţѺ濾һ¯ֱҡһѡʶԼؿڡãûпԼѾȫʪ͸ڿܲճں󱳣ܱһ£Ȼܼˮ 
ҸϽֻ߶µزͨСɧĵ绰㡪ĶҸղ񡪡һ 
ɿ־šţ֪Ϊ仹Ǻ¡ 
СɧȻǱҾˣɳɤӻûѡװġ˵꣬һ¾еôˣʲôˣɲˣʲôûˣ 
ţͣ׷ʵ׷ʲôڵ 
һֱѵ绰ҵǸҹ᲻÷µ绰һ¾جΡҲһη֣ԼҪܷһϡ 
ĵ绰Сɧ˵һ仰ǡˣʲôûˡϰ˵װġҪöࡣҲһֱ˵һ䣬ͷʹչӦĬĬڿֻźжš 
ΪʲôجΣû취ͣαûа취͵ġ 
֮Ǹû˼ȫ˺Ϳ־šΣƺÿϣҶҪΡÿҹ˯ʱҶҪ桪ǧجΣ챣ӣ



ʮһ 

       Ҫ˵־飬ǴجĪξСɧ˵ˣʲôûˡڣһЩ;յ͵飬Щըıмһһɨȥˡ ҾбҪ˵˵Сɧ˵ǻСɧ˵ˣʲôûˣ⻰Ǽɿģҵʱĸж֤˵ǻΪһʱĽ 
˵ʱ¡ҲûҪǵİǸ߶ȡ 
ǣҲ²⣺ʱһ԰ʦү˵ˣʲôûˡȻ˵ġʲôǷָϵ֦磬ϵķƸ꣬ͲƲˡ 
֪Ҳ鱾ϵļء 
ԣѡԼѡΪ֪ʷٸһλᣬ֪֪ܲܿݼҪѳ顣 
һԿ϶Ǿ¡ΪһŮˣرվר֦Ϊ˳ЦǧĻ¶ȻӦ谮ĹѳҪ 
Ȼֻһʷ衣ʵͨŮ˵ǻ٣˵ģ޼룬ûоͼ𿾵İ飬һġ˸жҪʹ޵ΣǳֵӰ 
ӰװǻǶ£ŮǶһҡͷɱҰɣΪ㣡Ϊǵİ飡ǶţΪʲô⾿ΪʲôΪʲôҪ׽ŪңţͷµѾŮǶ˵㲻ˣʲôûˡɱ㣬 
ǡ 
顱һǹǶһȻشӽ˳ǹð̡ 
һĻİ龭䣬ֲ˹ڵԺþö֮ȥ˵˽˵Ҳûа취Ȼɵǻ˵İ飡 
ӣ˵Ҫˣʲôûˡһôʵֵ¶˵ЩΪŮˣǱƭģ 
ʷҲرϲȴϲһ֪ʷ֪ʶʷһ֪Ŀ 
ʣС˵Ǿ仰ıܿ 
ƺƭСʵ̫ˣжʱ仹Ҫľ뵽֮ǰ׸˵ֿ࣬Լһףҵĺôǵûӣľˣ 
ԣҲ 
ֲַ֣ǼЪԵģһڣڸ޷Ʋƿء仰˵һԼѪȴʼ޷ΪС۶Сìܣ 
ˣʲôûˡ 
˵ֵ˵ 
һʧԷļһȻαһĹɥʧжһǵäߣ⾿أ 
ԣҵպܲӦ֪Ҫ뵽һ桪 
ĺ棬ɵգмҶۣСװģĶ 
Ȼ䣬籩ɫĺˮʼƶţǧϷγɾ޴˹ȡ 
 
С۷ڴͷµҵӰˮźˮѸϮȥʹʪ͸Ĳ 
۽˵ĹȵףСȴһ֪ڽغ 
ڣһ죬ֹͣˡ 
Щɫ˻Ӻڿն𣬲գա˺ѷεĿ־յ˻ѳȻը 
˭С۴ң 
˭Сảףң 
Ŷҵʱޣ 
ĸףΪγĬ£ 
ĸף㵽 
ңĽȥ 
ԣ˵ʮҾͿʼجΣج֮˼׸ýС۵á 
ɵĹڵ֪جκ󻹼ˣȥ㣬ȻҲġһ춼뿪ˡ 
Ȼûи֪جεݣֻ˵μ»صСʱϷСϺʱͳһߡ 
Ϊǻأˣ֪Ǽһ־һڡȻҾˡ 
İ˵εߣͷġ 
ɶͷ˵˵ 
²ء 
Ҫꣿ 
Ųǡ㰡궼˵Ļɣ˵Ҫơ 
ƣ 
ǰƣװģһᷢƣ 
ܷʲôأ 
˵дС˵ĸ̿ء 
ܣС˵̫ãû˿еġ 
˭˵ģҾ;úá 
㲻˵ϣҷƵ𣿻˵һǮͻ仵ôȴô˷أ 
ǰڣЦƱģǺǡ 
Ʊ䣿찡˵ʶʱôоԼأ



ʮ ˵˵ɩ

       ˰ˣҲ˻֡ɩ齫УҪЩЦ 磬Ϊϼңһҡҡͷ󣬰˳ȥ¼ҵĴɩϲҳԡ 
ٱ磬ɩĥ˰죬ڵسһ¼ҵĴ˵ֲˣԸ֪ܳסʱźû뵽㻹Ҫԡ 
Ȼǹ齫ĶͲжôʲôأ֪Ѿʹ룬벻ʹ룬ֱŮ顣 
˵ЩԣҪ룺ǸòϷɣңпܻŷʽġ 
ͶˣҪɩ 
ϰǰȳԼĴԼҪĳƣȻСȥԼҪģһ˵ĸΰˡǵ˶ʹߣˣ齫ûϴˣƣơ 
ÿʱ򣬻ЦˣһƬӡ 
磬ڡҺˣһɫ뷢Ž 
ˣҪҪɩ齫 
ҲԸ⣬Բ 
ٵ㲻ϲ齫ҲãǾɹɹ̫ɡɹɹ̫ϵϸɹðҲͺˡ 
һ¾ɹ̫ܰѸðɹãǶɩҽԺ͹ˡ 
żڱ˶Цż˵ɣûӴʮ˯ĵġʹҲԳԵЦ 
ʵҵĸðˣֻǲ𴲰ˡ 
ʱ˯ĿۣɢƵġôһ˵ҾԼѾ˯ꡣ 
ǸߣȽǷ· 
ˢϴ֮ұΣԺѡ˿ԣĵط¿顣 
ҲŵӸҲš 
ҵݸһ֧̣һ֧ɣϾġ 
ЦЦӹȥҪϵĴҰԼĵȥҵİɡ 
֣ͣٴνӹȼ̡ 
ڵݻ֮ǰ￴һۡ齫 
㼸ʱߣҡ 
˰ɡ 
Ŷ 
ǳã 
˵ˣܱȥ𣿻ͷҸɩ˵˵ҷݹܲúá 
ȣҾǾ仰ԡΪҲˡ 
ΣҳϸɩҷݹԸĻ 
˵˵ɩɡ 
ΪԲ;ӪһƷꡣ 
ҵڣǼѣܴ졣Ϊ˽Էͻɫ¼ĵ걻鴦˺ܶΡһαٱʱ䣬ѧΪҪʱ 
鴦ɥԼáڻиףǸҴӲӵŮ˵Ҫ£أͨʶһɲԺƷûٱٱɧŹ 
ɩ˵ǸţˡԣǶӳֱӸȡţţ˼ţţˣҲµġ 
ɩ˵Ļʵġ 
˲ǣܿ;صսƷ꣬˵ʱطΨһһҳƷרꡣ 
һŬɹĨȥ˼ϵĲ죬ҳΪСˡ 
רλпڣģĴרֱ̨ƵԹ˿͡绹ͶӹڳĳƫƧĽ䣬Ҵûȥ 
󲿷ʱ䣬ڴ󲿷ϣɩԴƴӡż쭣ҲΪ̫¶ˡǣŮףΪʡ 
籾ǸͷǶǿضνĵ̣ЩȾŸɫͷŮåд硣֪Ķʶ˸մҽѧԺҵĶɩܿ㵽֡ĵ죬ʮγβ鳵νݣЩͷ졣 
ӪһҸߵҹܻԡǣɸĲ˺óĶϰ 
˵ɩҽԺԺλãΪŬ˵ֺУûӣҲûн졣糣ô˵ 
ôѶɩϸԺλõģû˵˽ȴ˵ΪһǸԼ˺˵λӣǸʡĳҪɲ˯ġôģô˯ģǸ˭˯û֪һ˵棬һҲ档 
˾ãɩҵӡҪȴɩЩԭֻһȴɩҪƯö࣬ʱܸһЩĿ⡣ǰˡ 
Ҹմѧҵ꣬˵ҪҽܸŮѡڸ׵һٴߴ£һȥˣȻϴ⡣ 
ʱ10ҡÿź󣬾١ 
վǰƺմӴɢŶɫľֻһ͸˯¡Ӧûʲô˲䷴Ӧǡ˯棬ϵ£ҾȻûֺڿ㡪ɫѺϡëëɼ 
úߣ˰ղŴ绰˵Ҫô͵˰ɡ 
ľګеŲȥʹǺЦɣŮЩطûŵģƵģװʲôװ 
˵꣬תȥߣҿӳ˯ķԲƨɡƵƨɹԼµıʹߡ̫ˣѹһԺְλ 
ҲǴԺÿŮ˾ͱģǰ˯¶ûСʱÿҹﶼõĹۣС۳֮ 
첢ûȥȻôȻҵĶɩ 
˵˸ɩô࣬ҪߴңԸ⣬Ը⣬ǿ϶һݹôĻ˵ǡƬأۺڰͨԡ 
ĵ˵ȷʵΪҵĹͻ²Ĺ



ʮ ߰ƯС

       һ֧̣ױӵ߽ݡ ˵ЩɩģҲֻԼɣҪˣһ˵˵ɡ˳취ڼҸҸ 
һɩ˵֣ɲô˵ڸ߾ˣҲ۵¶ˡ 
ס졪 
Ǹ׵ͬҵļ䡣 
ҸϽ߽ŴɩŭĿӣ˵˵ʵǸˡ 
վЦ˵֣µģ˵塣 
ɩ˵ʲôһüͷȻˣȻȥŤͷҡ 
ɩһƵˣˣͷˣǸ˵˵ˣҲǺüŻһΡ 
ɩԣתͷԸˣʲôˣôҲƴ꣬ѵ˸ء 
糯ɩĵһɣҪȥˡ 
ɩ̺סȥĶʮüˣǰһ治֪𣿡 
ʱҪɩΪֻܰѶסⲻ޿κε£ȻŶỵ֣̄ܣҲһ𣿡 
˵Ҳһ͸ײһǣݵĿģΪǰæҹ 
αȽʱǴΧˣ˵Ǹأ۲һȷʵСҪǰֵ飬Ҳ⡣˵ģôţ˭Ҳ˵æһ 
ôһ˵ҵɫǺЩɩʰ˵ɩӣʲôϽһ齫ʰˡ 
ȥ˯˵꣬ͷҲص¥ˡ 
翴˸һۣεҡҡͷ 
ɩʰ齫ʱվ󡣲֪Ƿ⣬Ҫȥʰ齫ʹƨһ̵ֱϸߣԵر 
һ롪Ϊʲôϲȥ۲Ů˵ƨɣۡɩƨһĹϵΪ죬ƨʱҵ۾Ѿĺɫ˺⣬ƵƨɹԼ¹䴦ϡëë 
ʮӺϣһΧ˶硣 
˵ˣҪܻǵҵɣҲ÷չ㡣 
ɩЩ⣬չû֨ 
׳ҿ˿˼ǣػȥȥ 
ЦЦԾû˵ 
磬ҵ˵һ䣬ܲԸȥϴΣվǹ̨污ĶܸǻҲ˵ɩæǻ 
⻰ôԾأǵضСЩôҽԺɫݹأǴɩ˵Ļ 
㻹û갡 
ɩһۣɵø˿ǵ켦Ƶġסûз硣 
ʵ治ҪǸɫʲôòοһֱҡ˵ﻹСءΣǲԸʹûƺСۡһ뿪Ϊ޷ 
ڶɩ˵վ̨¶бҪһᡣ 
һʼȥվ̨Ϊʱȱ֮֡ǰǸվ̨ĹɩĸϵֱӴˡ 
ұԸȥģմȾǼʵ顣Ϊڼ˯һʱҲҲһݺʵĹȥһЩĵʱ䣬Աӵá 
ҸоŤǣƫվŮƷר̨ 
ÿ죬ҴҪӴʮλŮԹ˿ͣһЩ׳˶ʹҼҪȥμձŮ˶߸ɴֱӶձһЩС˵ķͽʱһᾪȡԭô೬ 
ѵһòŮˣҲʮˣҪ²ͣʱԲƷרʽ磺л˳ɷ֣кܴ˺ 
һЩİСòªŮˣͨϲὨ顣磺ھЩСˣܲ㣿ʹҶȻеԱ⻹С³ţѲɣڿĶǩţ 
ǣЩѲŮ˱ϾɫīֱָŹ̨ϵĲƷʼۣ֪۸󣬶˵˶һȻ˦㼸ųƱˡ 
оһЩˣͬȥҴңúܣʹҸе֡ѵҲҪԼķƷ 
һǸˣר̨ƯСҵġ 
˵汿ǿ϶͸˻ŵġ 
͸ˣҵǺܺġô͸أѵƷһô̼ 
СʱŤͷˡ 
żȻһŮԼϹҲ֪ԭҲġ 
̨СտʼҸеЩ޷ܵġ 
Ϊʲôأ 
ΪҪͶ߰񣬼ҿʱüͷһåҷ߰ԭ򣬴Ĺ̨رãΪɣȴ壬ʽ 
ÿͶϰߺܲмŤͷȥ͵ɶƯЩҪǰ˻ܣ 
ǣҾ⹤뿪ʱ׷ңߣ 
Ҵˣˣɣ㣡 
ҸҪⰡ 
㲻һֱ𣿡 
˭Ⱑˣҵʲô 
ˣ˵ˣˡ 
վס㣬Ϊʲôÿرæʱ򣬽æȴǹⲻϣ 
˵꣬תˡ 
 
ͻȻÿγҿʱҵʱĹ̨ȷʵ壬ʵæµңŤͷʱƺȷʵԼ˽ҡ 
ôΪʲô˲أиԭ򣬸ɩйأҲһбйأһֱû˵



ʮ ϱ̸

       죬ȥɩ칫ʱڵ绰˵֮ǹ̨ĺõطˣӪҵ»ң̨Īٶ˵͵ģ˭ң 
ҵʱ˾رջ 
찡Ӫҵ»ô˵ҲҵĴҴЩ鱨ȥҲô۰ɣ 
У˵͵̨ȷʵǰһ°ǰ˹̨һбףԭģҿû͵ϰߡ 
ʱһµĹڵ绰ƴңҸϽȥǵȥ֮ҪΣҾһбסɴˣûܴӿڴһǮǣ˳һУ׼һٰǮȥΪõǱףĳԭ򣬽ʱҲûҪɩ˵һ 
ⲻҪǺбǮ 
οʲôĪٶѵǸ͵ 
ԣ칫ſջ쳣ˣ߰ɡ 
ʰʱ򣬴ɩú֣ɻңܣôúõͻȻأҸղŻ磬˵ɵòأ 
ô˵ʱҼ򵥵ЦЦ˵ûʲôͲˡ 
ʵҺˡǰӦ͵ŵͣھȻȫ͸̨ƯС 
뵽ЩҲɩͶȥ˷ߺһۡȻɩɩôһ˵ںؿԼĺָףָңֲѧҽġѧҽĻ˵һܰҽԺҷݹ˵ҲҵģǶ֪ 
Ҷ˵ּȵ˵Ƕ֪Ŷˣָ֪ġ 
׵˵ͷΡ 
ۼɶãԡ˵ϴθǹɣ˸մѧҵƯ˵ͥҲãӲ˵˼۾СűŤŪڵλ˼ˡ 
ɩ˵꣬ҿۡ 
˵ʵǸνƯŮѧȷʵ˵۾СܲϲΪżȻһμң;ȵۺۣ޻ݴҵСɣ˧ 
үģôͳɶɩҵСأ˵ģͻ۾˵˧ǹҪ۾Сʵʲôԭأ 
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ܣ˵Ҳ˵˵ҪһʲôǴһ취ܶѣһ߾ܵġ˵ˡ 
ǰҲ˵˵һû⣬˵ˡɩ˵ 
׶ңżɩĵĥָס 
ʱǸҴӲӵŮһſݡ 
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˵ļͥ飬ղҲʹ𽥶ҪɩǵѴ 
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˵ôһǮšʱע⵽ŵñϵĲ豭ڻҪ󣬶ƺòײźϡ 
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ɩͣĥָףŮ˿һۡ 
漴Ů˵ɩӣҲùȥҽԺ˼ҽ¹ʣЩ쵽칫ҳŵһؼңһֱס 
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󣬼ͥݷԱ仯ҿʼһ±ڹĽίظԸдڵȱݣеϣܰǵһˣϣԺʱҪ뵽ˡ 
˵ĻҪ磬˵ܣ߾ˣˣɱǴҰ 
ҵľٶʾģ˶ɩиסͥڼ䣬ɫһֱÿҸ¶ 
һԲس̣Ӳڣ̲סˡ 
ڴҲ£޺޵سҵһۣߡ 
죬ĵظæȥճԺţ͵תҺ𣺡ûõĶ



ʮ ޷αװ

       ׶˵Ǿ仰ʱ̲סлǵᡣ 
ҿĵڼΣڶΣΣҼǲˡܼǣСʱҴûᣬʹȥ졣 
Һܿ˺ڡ 
꣬ץסҼ˵̫ǿˣ͵治ɩ𣿰ʵڲ뿴㻹ҪһƯ 
˵ʱԵûţΨΨŵŵӡ 
Լû뵽ɲǼ䣬ҲƲסˣ·ĳطĻƵġ 
ܸоԼ촽ڶ£̵ҺѾ˳ʵǡҿˣΪĺܿҿĸס 
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˿̣һץҵļһԼθӡںۡо۵ĵطθӡ 
Ȼ䣬Ƿʲôθӵɿˣң˴Ŀĵ֣Ҳᡣ 
ָƺܼѡ 
ֶԲ㰡 
ɣҲӲˣǷŵĲϰɣ֪ʱ͸ҲȥᣬΪ롪Ҫǰְڣһоͺˡ 
Σһֱߣ֣ôһ¸ҵسȥСȭͷͣϣ˺ˣһ 
ʼһΣҪΪҲȥᣬȴԽԽࡣ 
֣վſڸأ˵Ů˵ 
Ƕû˵ 
ܿ죬š۵һ£͵رˡ 
ƿ׷Ҽϵ֣תȻǵţʹƽһȥ 
룬˶ˣңӡ 
ҵĽˣЩۡݡ 
һסң 
ȻҪ뿪 
ǣվˣסҡһˣվſڣƴߴǵšѾ׼ã׼õŮ˳ɣһؾ񶾵 
ȻذʲôûС 
Һ޵һʱ˵Сƺӣ˵ȥ磬ǰҵҲαװȥˣŮ͵ع֮󡣳⣬һʼμĮЦرȥ졣 
죬ڴСǽϿΡ 
ܵǽڶӣϿʱͻȻһ飬˵ģڽ£˵ģֱͷϻϡǰȴûģ¿λѧֱͨӴҡѧ࣬ʮɣȫˣƾɲĳϣһȱȵĿ 
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ʦǸŮģᣬ÷ǵʱСֻһʦʲộˡ 
һΣϵһ룬һȥŽҵĲ԰ӡҵʱһȥɡԣƨɴӽź𣬺ܿġָ֪˵û㡣 
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һ˹¶ټһƵĽң˸о¡ҪģǼʯҿͻȻǣͷרһ˲䣬üʱܡ 
ӽӲʱС·ҡβ͵ң뵽Ϊӵ 
֪ʲôʱ˽ҡ 
ֹͣתͷ⣬һӰǰ𣿡 
˵ģΪ̫ 
Ҹæվ߽ 
ôһһشֶ˵죬̲ˣҪһۡ 
ʱСҶáˡ˼ԣг棬ꡱĴʱĵشԽԽ鴤һ 
гٿ죬ҲϲĽŲվûܼһۡ 
Ҿͼڲǰ˵ĸסʱմӳᣬǺӣͬĻһŮˡ 
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һֱǵ鴲ϵ̵ҰײҰף˯Զ޷ǣԶ޷ǺŮ˵Ц 
죬ѾˡһѾںõǰұһİץ첲ȻŹײıСĵطȥĿޱؿŸһһ 
Ȼ䣬ҿ״ǸŮˣԵļ˵ЦǶǴӳŴʹܴ 
ҾһֱǣһЩͬ帾ŮʹСƺ˵ĸ¶һֱ˵һֱЦֱҽµƽˣԵĿͣˡ



ʮ 

       ҸеֵǣҺݵʱΪô׶ˣľƵһҲ һ㱿һ¸ҵԼɱڿյսϣһ˵ĸʽԡѪսŶԭҲ 
ϣ׺Ůڳ˼ҵķ䣬ҶһЩʳ 
Էɡ˵߰СĵطҵĴͷϡ 
ߣҲ 
㣬ǳԵɡǰ 
Ҹɴͷڱ˵ȥԣķʳġ 
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ҹҹ˵ƣһ۾ںڰ˼þ뿪 
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绰СҪҶƵģʹͻȻʶԼĻƢ 
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ĶҰ۸ңӲһ꾫ҷȻѲءҲҿǷĶôáҶһ˰ʵܵЦ˵ 
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ڻ˯ȥ



ʮ 

       壬ʵڰסˣڽѵһ绰ϵ齫Ҫߡ˭Ҳ֪ҪȥҪȥʲôɩʣ˵Ƶġ ҵʱմӳվƱײ˸ 
ãҶȱȱһϽȥӮģҵġ˵꣬ƤóһƱž˦ֱϣȻͷҲصˡ 
ɩ׷󺰣ϵûҪҸûꡣ 
ֱһ̧ǵƱƮƮؿʼ衣ţȥ 
ɩڽУ𰡣ǵģʲô˰ 
ұ߱ƨʰ޳ƱӣЩЦ 
ɩоԼǰǸơڽŵ绰ѵˣǹԱߵﴫĺɱ 
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ʱҲûЦſ˵Сåϲû˵꣬һڣʹҶ߾ĺ 
ʱҺܳ嶯ĿĶͰѿӶ֤ʵˡ꣬ͷЦ˵ǸСå 
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һĳִͬһˣһŶҵĳޣͬʹƬŢ 
ôһأ 
Ҳò˵ⶫ̫ˡܰѱˣӲسһУȻٰһϤѵˣһİˡ 
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ʮ Ŀ

       ĶɩҪõԼĿСɣͰԼ߶ˡ ΪʲôأһǴ֮ǰ˵ķ軰²⡣ǴӺҵ̬ȿжϡ 
дκƻңɩζɣ 
ҿ˹д磬ҲŲᡣ 
˵ưˣ 
ζֻ֪бˣҿ϶֪һ 
硰롱վһҵĲӣҺ׵ǽ˵װƨΪҲ֪С԰ɣ 
ҾЩϢ뺰ȴǣҲҪȥĲӡ 
ûҵĲӣһ˦֣˵ذϣԺҿ㶢ƨɿǰ۾ڳ 
һ֧ڵذϣһԼĲӣ޺޵ؿ룺ŰɣҾͻȥߺ 
Ȼһʧˡϴ绰ɩʱֱ˵Ҳ㣬ѵ𣿡 
˵գ͹˵绰 
ֵһǣ뿪ʱҵȴǶɩ 
죬վ̨̲סһУȴվ̨¿յϣпںɫĳϣĬĬؿҡ 
ȻЦЦٻ֡ȴĿޱתվ̨ߣӿŲ 
ϳʱҽӵĵ绰治֪ô޸𣿡 
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ǺǡҪȥˡ 
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˵ܶҿ˵Ҫʰ㡣 
㻹 
ΪһģɺֲǡҵĻ 
ڳϣȷʵΪ˵õĿУңֺγأ



ʮ 

       ͻȻ֣ԼһֱڱԼåԣԼǰܵһвųңǡǡѡһЩСŮˡŶҲج ۾ǣȴһ¡ 
ϣû֮󣬴ʹɩҲţţؼˡʱ˺öࡣ 
죬Ҽڴ϶ȹ飬ӽӵ绰 
ڼ䣬ٴʮӵ绰ҳҪߣҪҪץʲôġ˵ûʱ䣬Ϊ׼Ǽҹ˾ԣæòɿ 
ƨԣô𣿡ҾãѧԵֵһᡣ 
֪ʲôڹھңѧôˣȥˡ˵ҲǲʹǸ˹˾Ŀټ棬ش𼸸ô򵥣Ҫ·ӵġ 
ҲǣԾԲô򵥡 
ǳɣ׼ЩҸСۿɶˣ˵Ǻ龫Ӣһҹ˾Сһ 
ģⲻǸҴñʵ˵ɣȫԸһʹ˾Ĳܣ㹤ǳСʧܣҿص¹ 
ҾͲ˵ˣԤףɹɡ 
µ绰ҾԺﺰԷˡ 
ȻͷϵĶ˭أɩɣǴ 
ݲݳ극Ѱ˼ 
ͻȻ뵽绰Ů˯ĸоΡ֪绰ȥȴػˡ 
룬źǲ˵Ĺﻹ˯أ찵أһʱѲˡ 
ΪʵģҾȥߣȥݷһЩǰѡôݷ˭أȥˣǻڲڼأ 
뵽ܼţ뵽£̲סҪЦ˭ɣǸ͵׵Ĺ 
˵ܼͲò˵¡ 
ô˵˼ָܼģҲָʶ£ʶܼġʵϣûܼǴΰʵһӣôҲʶ¡ 
Һܼˡ 
ǸеˣҲǻȦУΨһᰮĦгĹˡô˵ɣгʱĦгתƣгƵġȴﶼϽγˣڳĦг 
ȻĦгǳ˵ãԼĻ˵ǣĦг񫣬ߡ 
⻰һ㶼Ϊ治γʵ׺;ӪһҺܴװУʾʵ 
ĦгӣտʼǵЩɴͲˣΪ̫ƵŮƵġ 
Ҫ˵ǣֻҪһᵽضҪͷġ磺椣ҲͷʹԵһζûĶӣҲʹҺʶ¡ 
ܼһ㶼ظǣġ 
ǴѾۻᣬֻһոµĦгһŽγм䣬Ȼܰɵưߡ 
һǣſھһ䣺ôүӭңأҪȭˣϽèҪңͣ𣿸ҵӣҵӣ԰ɣ 
ǣһǹЦһž 
˻û룬ֺɵţҲ費¶ʤ磬˵˵ݵ椡 
ҸϽͣĶ椰Ͽһ˯İ 
ǲͽˣϽ£˵ݵ椣˵˦Ӹһ̣ǣҷÿһŮҲй 
ţʼƤЦüɫ裺˵ɣǿ϶šô϶ϲҳϲˡôɣѵһԣ˵ǰǿȻԼ߻ȥ֪һھʹӦ˵ΪɶأͿС£С° 
˭Ҳû뵽¾ʱˣѸײڶ֮ƸܼһĶӡȻǺ֪µġ 
ʱؽ 
ҶԼ̣Ҳģ·ղǶӲǳܼģȫˡ 
˭뵽ͻȻȺôһأ 
ܼΡ˵˭˭ģ 
ҶţӲûӦҲ̫ͻȻˣû¶ҡ 
ûõҵĻشܼί£˭Ķˣ 
£ôţűˣ 
־Ҽסˡ 
ֻܹܼ͵شӵ˳ֲϺ˻һơƵӣ 
Ҫ֣ͳҡ㣬ҾͲģ»ġ 
ƺϾҪʧء 
ҶȻӦְ˽ŵذܼסһеơƿơ˳ܼһǱ 
βԣһѽקȻֱ 
ſڣٽƳȥΪԼ˭Ͻ 
ʲôҪ˵ţ 
ǰɣѵ 
˭ܣͿ 
ҵһμŵ¡



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       ȻЩʹʱһӾ뵽 ǵǰҶʴӣǺȾƾǳ̣ǾưɾǷ꣬ҲһѡȺУŮӰˣʲô͵ĶСиԵĹ 
˵ɡ 
ȵܼ쳣رȰֹסۻҲˡ 
Ҳ֪ȷʵĳѴģѻҵһѴѵѡƾ㣬ȦǶôӴ󣬲⣬֧ȥ 
ǸѸ˵͸ãԸֱطԱ˵ġ˵ûۡ 
Ļҵʱˡ˵ʱôûһأ 
һ¾ۻᡣһˣһҾͺˣʤ磬 
һ¾֮ǰ˵ĻˡȱۡǰǷ粨զôأ 
ҳ߹ȥ˳ɨΧһۣܼûڡ 
ԷʱҺһѲζ֮󣬴˸ȥӡ۲ʱֻ¡ءվǺҡμ˵ȥ·Ǽ˰ɣ͡ 
ǣһЦôЦҲ£촩һɫ˶ഺ 
ȻҪȥܼ˵æ¶˵ֱȥ¼ȡס˵ҲԸȥ˵ܼһӵ֣͡ҼûôȾƣҲûֳκβˣɨ°ˡܼ֪Ź֡ 
ңʱȷʵϲȥ˰ɣϲȥưɡܼĻ˵ȥ˰һ㼼ûСåǣһҡͷβ֪DJˡˣܰ˶Ĥƣ˵ĻҪɤʹƵģҪȻһȺưͣ׳һȻš 
˭֪һ¼ˣֱӶǰ˵ʲôүǰôСΪһ𣿡 
ҪʲôתŴ˵ãţϣضרѵǸ 
һɧһƬкá 
Ȼתңܲ˵ӡҺȻŵϵ㣬У˵Ͼ塣 
ˣҲƴǣֻŴһȥ 
ǼҽСҹ֮ǡ˰ɣҾ͸оڡ 
ſŮŮСɣһһصģʮ߰˵ӡȥܸ֮оֱײľʵذ·Ҳǹ̶ģֱܰӷŵһСģŮдѪζӹ׵سЦеĸɴ˾§ 
ǻܲġ 
µǴֵ壬ûûεظкţ·ѹûʶˡߣһǣĻеŮдѾЦصǡǣԷΧһȦʼˮ 
°ǼŮдǰһȻһƨߣŴҺʲôʲôֻܵ㣬ңث 
ǡDJҲ㹻𺳣һЩСɶתͷ 
ҵʱǰԲ̨һŮ䲻һյҶ˵ 
˰ɣеòã 
˵û㿴 
ϻɶ 
㣬浱Լ˭ 
£᲻ߴˣһС¶Ϸϣɶүѽ 
DJĿٴܿûˡ 
ǣҶ亰ʲô˵ʲô 
ϣͻһֻݾһѣ۵ֱ졣ҿҶæŵԼҪľˮû￴Ҫ׼¶ڶ 
Ҳͷȥݵȴû¶Ƶĸ߽űܿǵһĨЦص٬֡ 
Ұڰ֣ʾȻ˵ΪŮأԭһŮå˳ưһַֻȥȻһĴȡ 
֪ΪʲôʱҾšһӣʹҪܼһٱ 
ʵ֤ҵǳɫġ 
ֻ΢һŲԼĴȣСȶһż⡣ٴյҶߺå 
ܿ죬ŮдһˮæſƿƵƣһﵹǼŮдֱ½Ȼһߴﹾ࣬˵Щʲô 
ˣҴչȥװôȥҪˣ 
ôһ˵Цذ˵Ҫ˵˰ɵϰǱ𣿡 
Ż治СΪС뿪λȥһкʱһǣǸǵ۾˵治֪ 
֪ƨֻ֪椶ôһСɡ 
賿࣬ˣҲȹˣ½ɢȥҲҡҡλεر˳ȥ⳵ֱؼңкû 
ڶϣΪҪվǳƷ̨ҲûвμС¸ܼǸľۻᡣ˭֪ʮˣ绰 
˵ǣôôӰ 
ҵϰడȻʲôʲô 
أܸ°˰ɣҵ㡣 
㻹ˣ˵ɣô 
еòã˽ڰ 
˵ҵڣûһˣ 
ˣƤˣ˭֪УܳϽǴ֦õǺǡ 
˵绰ұ㼱ȥʡΪڴʵûǮ˺бףԤһٵϡ 
ΪʲôҪһбףҾͲˡҰ̫ģŶס 
ףǹֱ׵Ľзи֡ȫסȫ 
ʵأ




ʮһ õ밲ȫ

       ҴϰȫףȷΪ˰ȫ ǵԼ¶Ҳǵ³¶ǵҺһ¶ҪΪʲô˻˵ϼ޻֮رһԩˡ 
ʱȷʵụ̂һŮӣСȵġ⻰ҸҸģ԰ҴɩѺ 
Ҫ˵δѵΪҲһĬϣϾⶥñӲò 
ںͶɩ֮¶Ҳں˵ʱɩһ䣺СåôôаѾ̣Сˣ 
ҸëƬѧģҲҿëƬʵսҪࡣ 
šʱô˵ġ 
ҲˣΪ˵ʵ 
ǵǸɺŮûȥһ¡ʶʵʧܵԭȱ֪ʶû֪ʶװʵͽͶĵġ 
ǣҺܿȻͶ뵽֪ʶѧϰȥʱΪѧϰΨһ·ëƬ 
ȻЩǺ󻰣Ҳ˵ۼ˵Ǵκµ¶ 
ʱǾŰȫȥˣûд˵һ֦õ塣ڴûǿ͹ʵµرϢ˼롰ԾҲǲɷϵġ 
ݾǣġʱûҶӣҾܾȥ˰ʱҵһѴʱֻһż 
µ˰ʱȡ 
˽ڵĿ˸ɫɫŮ൱ӴĶȺ塣Ϊµ˼칫ʱǸ˵ȫǵĶ̶ˣеİȫռˣֻίˡקҵ顱عš 
ƺЩ΢͸죬˵ġҾվţΪûкĶʵǰ칫ҲûĵطһƤɳܰʾҲԽӴˡ 
ʲôƻǰ׾ƣ˦Ӹһ̣ȻһߵĻȥ 
ưɡģòֻܺȺˡӭŽӹ̣Ȼһ֧ߵ 
ŬصŽżҪһŵĺƣһȻ¶׻䴺ɫȻ񷢾߹ˣ½Ÿְקק 
Ժ󣬱˵СһţҲ󷽵Ұæ©СۣôţקʲôקЦ߹ȥѺ 
˵ͲǲҪҲһӣ˫ֲϸװŭӡ 
ʱ˫Ŀһײ 
¶˼ȴȻطˡŻδµĺƣȥס˼£ͽ͵ģܿ˳ֻǰһߡ֪ΪҿңΪζ 
ҵﵽ120ʱʼʱ 
ǴŮ𣿡 
Ǵ𣿡 
Ҳǡ 
Ҳǡ 
ЩʧЩˣ˵һìܡ 
ǲǾŪŮӣ 
ҼѰʹķ˭֪ȴôһ䡣 
æңȻشңҪӣһץסҵ󣬺 
ǣǵһΣǵһΡ˵꣬ҽҪ¸ɻΪѾѡ 
һҪ𣡡 
׼ˣڳֻ˿ڴİȫףҾԸ𣬶ұ֤κ˵¶ 
Ϊ˵ĸ𣬱ǲУǲܽ¶¶ȥ 
һжôҵϡ 
ʱرһЩŮˣһЩ飬˵ͣͣѾǳʱƺѾһ㡣 
˵ɣ˵Ǿ仰һ 
ͣ£ͣ£ 
ûȻš 
ǵģһж֮⡣ 
Һ룬ȷӦôŰȫȥģС˵һ֦õȥҲᰤһӡ仰˵ǸϣͳĲǰȫףһ֦õ壬ôҾͲΪһܼ 
ʵϣڰʵһ֮ұܼܼε㡣 
˵Ů˵һףڱϡŭڣ۾ø첲ⶥҵĺ 
ҸӵؿһۣȻ˵ʲôζ˲ʧı 
ʱھֹ̡ 
ҵȼһ֧̣һƨ˱ĵذϣȻѺ󱳿ɳߣһȣ컨СƺһֱɳûҲ֪˿ǿңǱͷ 
̳һ룬ͱˡţȥǰذϵ¡ 
Ĭش£С̲סʣ 
ôˣˣ 
Ҽ¡ 
˵ˣ 
ûС 
ôأ 
ûС 
Ҫ𣿡 
ĶôϻҲߣѵٸһ£ 
ǺǣҾ֪ˡװʲôүǣ 
˭װˣ 
㡣 
Ͳװһ˰ 
˵ʲô˵һ飡 
˵Ͳװһˣ 
ʱɰġ 
ϿʱСһ´ӺұסܸܵЩ΢壬Լеȥ㡣 
ûתͼСϵ˫֮֡ƹ˼Σ˭Ҳû˵ 
װװһݵ֮һģҲһס 
˭ܼһåţϲң𲻳ϣ 
Ҳʶ㼸찡ܳϲˣ 
ҳȥ 
Ҿسܵģ˵Ͻ𣿡 
汻ˣԲԣ 
Ըƨðǰ 
վϽ·ˣٹûûΡһ¸ˣɿ֣Ȼĵɳϣָŵذϵ·˵Сӣøҡ 
ǾһֱȾƣѻһźƼȹˡ 
˵£ȾƻУȫŮӣһЩԳүǵĻүǡ˵ɱ©һǵ㣬ÿζȳסһ̣ҲҪ飬Ŀ̾ƵĻζ˵ɤӶˣ˵ʵû˵ˣʣºȾơ 
ڶҷɳϻں˯·úúõģһƬǽ塣 
Ҵ¼ȡףϣȻһˡ



ʮ ط

       ҽ߾ֿ⣬µļ¼žЩˣҲͼ﷢¶Ϊ֮ұ̤˱ȥгʱ꣬Ѹټòһϻòģһֱõġ ˵ֻһͣҲҴңȥҲҴңδͬһϷˡͬʱϣ֮˲һİ峺ģһ͸׵̶ˮκλǵʡ 
ܿ죬ҽһȫİй¶»»УҿϾҵʱʧҵһĵؤһϵͷĻ˵ǣ÷ŵˣҲ÷ѣԼѡһСģͻΪֱˣǮıڵҡ 
Ͼ·ʱûȥ˵һƺ˷ܵһĦ¥̨Ȼ΢Цһɷ衣 
յеʱһң뵽ЩѣʱҲ뵽С¡˵ͷʧ׹¥ϢҼԸȥ롪֪ʧ㣬һֲпᡣҰԼڷ̾ƵĻζͷ 
ô˲䣬һͻȻ뵽С£ȻĪҵĶҲûϵֹϼеѶûϵ 
뵽ЩЩȲ֪µĽǣطҹȥͨѶ¼ʲôġʧֻܼĵ绰дһͰ͵鱾ϣʶġǣ˭ܱ֤ûи绰أ 
Կ̬ȣһ鱾ϵĺ벦˳ȥˣȻͨš 
ιܼ𣿡Щ 
˭ 
룬СӾȻǾͷ 
ңʤ 
˭˭˵һ飿 
ȥģһʤ 
ѽҵѽ軹Űȵȣȵȡ 
绰ﴫӤҲǣˣҲýˡҲҪѺӽˡ 
ѽҵѽ㣬û뵽û뵽Ҫöࡣ 
û뵽û뵽ģһû뵽ءϽңҽȥ㣬˵ˡ 
Ͻ˫ӵ·188šˣСӡ 
ɣϵ 
ڷµ绰ǰһŮ˵˭ 
ǰ˭ôôϤ 
룬ҸϽȥ· 
Ҫ׼ɩ¥ȥĶ椾ͰҲϣѰѹء 
ʵڼҴŰɣҿɲҴ㣬Ҫ 
һЦЦɩҰһۣת¥ 
˫ӵ·188ſڣš 
ܿ죬ţ˭ 
ŵǸ긾Ůұķ 
Ҫ˵⣬ܼǻʤɣϽ 
긾ŮǸ˵ԲҸ֪ 
ҳЦЦ˼ûʲôȻߡ 
ܼϲЦտ߳ӭңѽҵѽ겻˰ 
ɶӡ 
һӵͲûˡ 
Ҹ㿴ˣľԲ뵽Ц˵رġ 
˵ģһû뵽 
˵˭Ķأ 
˵̧ͷ档 
Ǻǡ˭ɣ°վڶ¥¶̨ϣЦеؿңһ׻ɫзôഺ 
ҼֱţǰﾹȻ£ܼҼӼû䣬Щˣ֮ǰӡˡ 
Ҳʱ䣬Ǳ˴İ˰ɣϾʱǺܿȣֻôʱ䡣 
ôţ΢Цųӻ֣֡ͬȻ˵ 
ЩͲסеϲˣ˼øһļʽ֣ӵأ 
ô˵һֱʧҲãҲգӰҶʸо 
ߣܼҵ·ϻ룺ˣǸôˣ 
ǲˣҾЦŸѡǸӵǸ°벻Ҿٳһɡ 
˵ǳټ£ȼܼ롣 
Ȼȫҵͬһ£ε㡣 
΢Цش¥Ȼǡ 
ʱܼתӭȥȻһ§ļ򣺡ǣ££Ǹһӵķӣš 
Ŀɿڴˣ˵˵ǣˣǴξۻᰡһ¾͸ҶӵǸ롪 
ʲôǳԾô޸㡣㿴쿴ɵˡ¸æӻ 
ʶԼЩʧ̬ˡǣͣû뵽ǾȻһˣΪء 
ŴһЦҸϽһԼεı飬Ѿ顪ôһȥأ 
ʶУҾǾӵߵĵֻ̰ӣߵһС²˵ܼŮӵܼþƿҪгŮôĬؽأ 
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ʮ 

       ʵһҵ˴𰸣磬ûʲôǲܵġ һЦ֮¶ܼ˵Ͻȥ۶ӱʤ翴 
ܼһź׵ѽңˣҸţȥ۶ӱ 
ܼ˵ʱûܲס˷ۣܺһбҲ׽ϸʹЩˡ 
ôˣƺ˲٣ܼʧ¥ݿڣ¾ҡ 
ûûôЩ˸С 
˸Уô᣿ӦǳԾɣ 
ҲԣǳԾôߵһѵǸϡ 
ǰϾͻҸ㣬ˣһжǴǰѾԶȥˡ 
õġϲǣ 
Ҫ 
ţҾ֮ǰ绰ӤԶشܿ͵ǰģСӷһͿޣķ硣 
ЦŽӹһԵµСİ 
ӻޣƴغСԲǵͨ죬ȽŲãʹš 
Сһﺦˣ㣬¡Сһ󣬰¡ 
¸ϽӹСĵ£ֽܼ˵ȥ裬ι̷ۣȻһ˵˵ 
ܼ˵õģģ˵꣬Ҵһкͱ߶źӣ¥ȥˡ 
ҵܼǱˣ 
´ȥʱ̲סôܼģ 
ɶǺЦ֪һ˼ 
ͥƵİôԸˣСӣǰɲ 
ȻͻȻ겻ˡ֪ܼܲҲˣҶû뵽 
û뵽ɶˣŮˣЦ˵ 
ֹЩû뵽ǣһᰮҼ޸֮ǰҡ 
ʱܼ¥̣߱һңǣ£ôҸվ˵ 
¸Ͻк˵һʱˣɣ˵ȥƿϡ 
ȻҸܼһûһģ˵˵ġȻҲ˵¡ 
ô͸ºأ 
ǣ˵ģʹңҲ֪ô˵ǺˡǴθһӺҸúɽأͻȻһ죬Ҿϲˣ˵жְɣȻҾ׷֪ԽԽһ¼ˣҲԣҲ˯á 
Ǻأ 
Ҽ˰͸˵ұ֤ԺĦгٴκһС˵仰ˣô˵ܼЦҡ 
Ǻǡô˵ 
˵ү˵Ļɣɣͳ仰һʱ䡣һҪ˵Ҿ㡣 
ܼѧµǻҿЦá 
ʱ½˵ʲôأֳģˣ 
˵ôңֿܼ˻ҺĽ 
˵Ҳìܵ¡ 
˵ʲô˰ 
˵ֻҪһ겻ĦгٴС 
Ǻǡǵİɡ˵ʵڣѹû뵽ңҲˣڿ죬ʲô˳ңҲš 
ȷʵ֣ܼǾͷ˵ˡ 
˵ܼЩҲôңΪ㣬Ҳı䡣ǴΣңˡ 
˵ţְͷתңǣ֪һΣҸ쮳ײˣңưɶˡ 
ǣ֮һй˵Ĺ£뿪ʱ뵽ѾȫûΣվ˵Ľǣ 
ϳԷҺܼ˺ܶࡣҲȰֻ˵Ȱɣʹȡ 
ߵʱܼңҡҡλε·⳵ҸҪèȥһס˵ǣ֪ϲ㣬Լ˵ġҲԴףˣҵһù 
ȥ·ϣһֱĥܼ˵Ǿ仰ôҲ²ǻ˼һͷЩ󣬸ɴҲȥˡ 
ǣһЩҲòģǾǡܼˣԭమˣҺҸ 
صң趼ϴֱӵЬϴ׼˯룬ֻ𶯡Ϣ 
ΪСۣ򿪿ʱȴǸİĺ룬дţʵһ꣬Ҷڵ㡣 
ϣޣˡ 
뵽СۡСΣƣţ촽̲סҪ¡ҲǾƾðɣҴû˸й 
кüΣͻȻ¥˯ĶɩʲôҲɣҺȾƣȻҵҲֻԸҲֻܸ˵ҲһҪΪʹ࣬ĵʹһ㶼١ 
ǰܼŪٹﰡҶûһһ㡣أһжԭˣһˣһԼİŮ˳޵ˣ 
ôأ˭ܸҴ𰸣



ʮ Ļ

       죬һ˼Ѿ˲ò˼ĵز ҰΪֹĹﶼһ飬ѾʮˡУҲɿЦ¡ 
ʱиŮ벻ˡϲСģԭʱҸߣұ 
Ǿ͵͵ض㵽ѧУٳȥ飬飬ҿġһΣѧУƴˣ˵̸ôͶûáΪ˱˫ҳֻд±֤顣 
ҵı֤ôдģ 
ʤУ15꣬塣죬ҷһشĴ󣬾͵͵̸ǽ迴ѧϰ塣տʼϣڱĽ£ʶԣ̸Ƿǳɳܵ顣ұ̸֤رǽ迴ѧϰ̸һ֤ԺϿκСû֣κҵΥͷҴҳ 
θտʼⱣ֤дòŶž;òˡ 
Υͳͷҳҡ 
ҵͷ˵ΪҪ桪һôġ 
֪˵ѧ̸ʹҳҲ̫ˡǲǻ̸ 
ǣǣұ֤Ҳ̸ˡҸæ˵ 
ǣ˵ǺãͰҳĳʮӣ㿴ôأ 
ҵ˵áʵԸʮӣҲԸҳ 
ƨҵʱңСô˵ģ 
ô˵ҳˣ˵̸ˡ 
ˡ 
ô᣿ô˵أ 
ȻǳĵңôС˵ȥҪЦˡ 
ɵ¹ҾͿʼˡ 
ҿܶྰ󡪡Ʈˮİٺϣǳɳ̲С㣬֦ͷĻ𿣬ͷĶ£һжô䡣 
뵽جΣ뵽ذ׺䵶뵽Ǻ;ˣ뵽ĺסһоͨͨһЦڸȥС۵Цӯӯؿңװģˡ 
Ц 
һֻҪǣһʱˣһֻɰСȻԼŬаЦݡɵСΪǣǳ룬ǹ衢޹ 
СҪϵǣ˵۾㿴㿴 
ɫ۾̧ͷʱɫģ˿ܸı䡣¹£ɫΧ㡣 
ҲҪԼȺۡĸҪΪҺܿ뵽ơ 
ҺƣҵĵطҲһˣܴԣ޶ԡʲô˹ϵ԰ˡ 
ôܺһ֪֮Ůأ޿ޣĬĬܣϰݡ˶Ҷһּʣ˵һֳ̬޷ǹͬһ 
ЩҵĨ˵Ǿ䡰Ҫһս˵أңֱĿǰΪֹԼŵԡΪսʤˣûٸһϢЩʹȫҺС 
ʱìܵ㣬֪Ǻá˼ʣұˡ 
뵽һ仰һģֱֳ꣬𽻸Ůˣ氮 
㲻šȻҵĲͬң˵Ϊǣ䲻ֻܱŴҵĬĬߡ 
Ȼ뵽ף뵽ǸͬѪҺĿˡҲ𣿻ܼĵֳܷɶٰ꣬һҵ󡣵ǣڸˣһˣҵõµĿˡ 
Ȼ䣬ƺҪѡ߸׵·Ҫܼȥȡˡ 
뵽ȹ뵽Ǹ˵û£Ը⡱Ĺ뵽Щڵƻ֭뵽ЩʵķԼļ弦뵽ɵëǮ߼뵽ɰСƢ뵽ǳӰ뵽ư뵽Ƭ̻ 
ţ¸ȥΪһĻĻٴθ֣ʹԼҪ̫˵꣬ꡱ֮ǰЩجΣ˵ˣʲôûˡɫ԰ףҧ촽ţװģ뿪ң 
ʵڸɶĸУҵпҪȷһֿ߳ӰǳޣŬĻڡ 
ʮһңɩ¥ϸҴһ绰˵缸춼ˡ 
Ҳʶȷʵ춼ûˣ˭ֻأֻң˶ϰˣϰߵڡ 
ǣʣϣ 
ɩ˵һ㶼ϣԶ 
Ҷŵ绰ЦЦˡ 
ɩ˵Ҫˣ 
˵ǵģ賿 
᲻ߣһȥһ˷ԣҸȥ棬ȥĶҾȥĶ 
ɵˣǸԺ𣿡 
ʵҲΡ 
ˣǸԺҲֻǸ裬ƿ˭ҵ°ãͨʱҪζһٱ 
ҲУҲܴȥ档 
Էʱ򣬶ɩʱ͵ңֻûΪһֱһƻ



ʮ 

       ֪ΪʲôҺݵźǸŮ˴ҵ̬ȣûж񻯣תÿμңҪЦеģżº͵سҵͷ 죬Ҹ̸̸δıĸףǳǺ֣¡ 
ֻŮ˸˵˵֣죬ۼأǺǡͷһô㰡ȥȥ 
һʱѿڣŮ˵ĸˣôװġ 
һ˵ؽ˵Ұ 
ȴ˵ûУ߰ɡ 
ײţղҲ˰ 
˵ҲãлҪ˵ 
ָֻ˸ˣããţ˵ 
ֻ˵裬û裬ңҲǣȥˣҲٺˡһ죬ðԼĶҵ裬ӦòΪɣ 
⡪׻Ǹףһ¾֧ 
ʲôѵ㲻ҵ𣿱ǣŮˣȻˣԼ˵ġôðһУһףﷸΪԵԼĶӡ 
û뵽һ˵⻰⣬һʱ֪ǺáƵüͷţ˴Ŀĵ֣µȥڴ̡ 
ҴȻͷ֮ٻϾ̣ġԺˣкõģҲţԼ顣 
˵ЩִһԳó׼õһƱЩǮ㣬θãͱˣȥЩҩɡУԺÿ£ҶǮΪҵĸףҪ 
ʱ򣬸ͻȻۡһ޳һͬʱﴫһУһֻ 
ĸףѾһţ鴤 
ʱôˣڡҲûйҪȥ˺ 
ᣬٴκݺݵظһףһ 
漴ϵ̻ҸףŴȥ 
һϡﻩһŮ˵ļУȻҵض˳ 
ɩҲ¥ƿʣôˣ𰡣 
û£ʡȻţֱ 
ɩʣ֣ôˣôˣ׻ڿޣСʱһʱͣ 
һ绰ЩŭˣҲӭ㡣 
˵֪Ȼ󣬾͹ˡ 
ҵļƻ뿪ǰйһΡ 
ҹʮ㡣 
ôҲ޷˯˵ˣ˷ܡ 
뵽װʱͻȻޣҾĲ̣Լ̡̫Լã֮ԿޣֻжˡҸһá 
ȻչҪ뿪ǰǰͬǣҺ֮ǰһС 
һʲôļͥһ֮Ѩŷùа֮Ѩ꣬࣬Ĵʴ 
һʱ䣬뵽ĹǵģҪ뿪Ĺ 
ҵСˡ 
£Ţеңϸ⻬С˵װģߡ 
ô͵Ϊֹɡ 
ǣҺСͨǰһ绰 
绰һǡһǵģǵ绰ݣҲǴ绰ʲô춯صجģڽ쿴עں޽ӡϡ 
죬ԺٶȸζԻʱĬĬߵһ澵ǰؿžǸˡǰδС 
绰Сʣװģôѽ 
˵ûС㣬ΪҪ»صСݣرġ 
ˣر룬װġ 
ҲǣǣСۣҶ𣿡 
ǳѽʲôңʹҾԼһĹۡҺ֪㣬㣬һ޻ڣҼ߸Ⱦ 
ţ˵ǡǡ 
ʲôأʡ 
ǣװġԹ 
ǺǣȷʵûйСĽ顣ˣҲ˵ʲôǣ˰ɣСۣҲ롪ɣһ崿Ůӵ飬ɰ 
ԣЦ˵СĽ飬һôеóء 
ʲôʲô飿ǽ𣿡 
ããǲн飬飬ɰŮ˵飬˰ɣ 
⻹ࡣΪʲôأ 
ΪҲСŮ˰˵ҪôУҲ̫ˡ 
ߡ㻹˵ҽ顣 
ûа 
һڴš 
ʲô 
֪졪 
ԣ˶٣ҹ˵ҽвڡ 
װģ 
ǣұЦСɧ 
ǾͽĴУֱͷ 
Ҫ˵绰ûʲô˵ϣұԽһװġҴˣҲûлˡ 
֪ʱܵأԸҹȥװġʱⲻܵأͬԾ 
̫֮ƽҹûи 
С۾ЩƽǴ˯Ϊڶһøϻ𳵡ҵ绰ǰ˵оͲаɣװģҾװģ˭Ҳܲ 
ժµ绰оֻһ𶯡Ϣɩġ˭绰ôʱ䣿 
֪ղŶŵԭԽͨ绰ͷ͸һ䡪



ʮ ɹ

       Ҹ˭绰¶ˣսͨͷ͸һ䡣 ˭˵¶ˣµûţ˵˵ 
˵ʲô˵ɣץ˵һ磬ҵøϻ𳵡Բͷ 
Ҿֱ˵ˣûģôҳȥһأ졣 
ЩţΪڶ˵ˡ 
ˡҪߣǼﲻҪըǽ˽ҴԼɩ˽㶮𣿡 
ʲôҸ˵һ¡ 
ɣķ軰ó㣬ǾԲȥġ˵ϣֲһѾͷȥĶ˭㣿ƫң˼𣿡 
Ҿڵ绰˸У֪㿴ҡ 
Ĭϡ 
ͣһ˵֪һڼҴˣ÷ơ治ܴȥ˵ˣ˵磬Ҫ֪ˣ׷ɱҲɡ 
ڳ̣ 
ţǿʼһаĴʶ 
ң֪ʲôа𣿡 
Ц֪û˵ 
ң˵Сʱ棬һʵԼеӣΪǲǰ顣ڣûΣҲΡ֪ô𣿡 
֪ұ߿飬˵ 
飬ǰһҹ顣 
ʲôǰһҹ飿Ҷ飬ֱʡ 
ǵģһҹ顣 
ô˵ϰһҹ飿 
ôɣҲ͡˵˽ԼҪˡ 
һͷ󺹣 
˼ˡɵ¶һҹ 
ҸҪ˵ʲôֹȵȣҰѻ˵ꡣ֪㲻˭ҡϲһ˵Ưڣû֪ͣ쿪ʼҿʼ뵽㣬ҲöðʱЦΪҷųȥ꣬ 
Ҳ㾿Ҫ˵ʲô 
Ͳɣϵ飬˭ܰŪ׵ġҪţɩϣϣҸ 
һֱصһ𣿡 
Ǻǡ˵أӣ 
ȻҺӣ 
ôңΪʲô飬뿪ң 
ʣҲġҪ㣬̣̣㡣 
ûСȻϤҵġȻڽƱ硣 
Ʊ磬ǹˣһУڱйŭһֱѹţʱҪ˵ΣգԼ˿̣Ȼ˵ֹ֪úܿ࣬һĬԡ 
˵ˣõõĳͷҼǿشȻĿںۡ 
㲻ôϾʱµĴ󡣵ȻǸˣȨָ㡣 
ǶɩһڷĹԣ𾪣 
û뵽ôؿ͸ңҸⷬ˵̡ҶɩöðҺô롪ǿѣ֪ 
ʵҺ֪֮¡磬Ϊʲô޸ܶĶ磿 
һ֪ЩǷʵ磬˵ǸԺλǸ˯ģǲأ 
ΰҵԺӿֳ龰˯棬ϵ£ûֺڿ㡪ɫѺϡëëɼȻ֣֮ƺ޺޵ض˵ɰɣСå 
иεġĬһȻ˵һ䣺ҾЩ䡣 
һʱȻζǣϸϸȷʵˡ 
ڸ𣿡ͻȻȴԸоԼ֮Ҳ˶ 
ĺĺ 
ҽ쳣Ҫѳֲס 
֪į 
ĺȻ졪 
ʱҸоر𱯰Ѿܲ˵Ҫֿջ 
ҲǶǼįˣҲǴ˿̶Ҫ 
ʣο˵ʱĺοһѾʧѾն 
ŶСĵ˵ǰӦһҪ󡣡 
Ȼ 
ȻȻ뵽Ļڣ뵽Сҵϸ⻬С֡ǣҶԼ˵ʤʱˣʱ֤Լˡ 
ţұԼȥǸӣκΪһԺλӶԸ˯һߡ 
ʵϣҳɹˡ 
԰ʱҶŵ绰侲˵Ҹоɳܡ 
ûȵ׼õĻ˵꣬绰ǱһСǿֻţ漴ֻཡ졣 
ǵģսʤ 
Լǵһ 
ҸԼɹˡ 
ʱҺơսˣ 
ʱҺСۡҿĻڣˡ 
ͷϣһа·ʲôҲûз֪һԱ꣬һţɪɪ



ʮ ٻС

       һʱҺ޲ȥһ޶ܡ Ųҿܼһֱźӣһ΢Цسһ֣Ҳ֪ںʲôվŵ£ЦЦؿҡ 
Զĵطվһɫ޷¡۴īŮˣܹʶ 
ҿ񡪡 
ĬĬվ 
ټˣҵǡټˣвɣģļ䡣 
Ϸкܶ಻ͬǾϻһ˵䲻ǷϻķϻǾҵСݺ飬ͬɺıδõת䡣 
ȣС˵ʱܹȵ죬Ϊ򲻵Ʊ 
ΣȻ࣬Ҿúɭһ 
Ұзеȫ򿪣Ȼְѿͼɭ״ 
ɽҺʧ 
ƹȻ˷ÿ䣬ɫҺǹɫʡ˲ӣұ¥Ϻŵ 
ǣϽصƹ죬»ص֮ǰɭš˲ӣЩˣͷ֪롣ͻȻС˵Ұѱͷ֮Ķóȥɹɹ̨ܵһз𳾷ɵ龰㡣 
ۻŹĵذ壬ͻ룬õذվûϣӦЩҡǣһ磬Ҷڸܡ 
ĺɫʱӵ˹˾ȺϢѴұǺһĻ顣 
Ϣ룬һǸƲ˸绰 
Ķ˵ڼҡĸң˵ϼǸҡһЦ˳ 
㷳ֱ˵ˣ𣿡 
һȷʵͦģҵñȶƻҵ 
ôţˣؼҵĸоɣ 
ǣ˼ˣһҡ 
ѽûмġʶߺ 
Ȼ˭ 
ƶˡŮûһ𣿡 
ôˣ飿 
ܲʱ䣬һֱЩյ龰϶˯þ 
ֱ˵ҵˣô𰡣 
ȥģ˵Щ˵ġ 
ȻһڰҺ֮ĸ΢ȴһ¡ǰϲҡʤߡСţģֻǡι 
ιûԣһȥԷ 
ˣһС۵û˰ɡҺȻӦ̸ֹˣҪú¶ļ׼ 
ô˵һ澪գظеֹͣͨˣǾͲ˵ˣϽ׼һ£ӭǿɰŮѰɡɱǺһ翪ᰡǧٵ 
İɣ㣡һȫԸصҲȫԸ׼һĹ 
ʲôȫԸصơ 
ԣ˵ĺߣ˵ǰߡ 
˵ 
Сţŵ𿺷ܵغ֡ 
ƻ˵ˡСţһǸоЩ 
ĩʣ𣿡 
룬ˣ 
˵ˣǾ仰˹ֲġ 
չƵĵ绰С۵ĵ绰һʼ㱧Թװģ˭ͨˣôôʱ䣿 
һֱڴҵ绰ⲻȻ󣬸ȥ˸绰Ұֲͣ߶˵ഩ·úܡ˵Զš˵ŵҸŮѻǵš 
һ˵ţĲŶȣŶĻѾ˵ֿõǿ󣬾ͳһϰߡһֱʼձϰߡ 
㲻ƭҰɣɲƭңһûУ 
˵ģˣˡ 
ԵһĻ˰ɣ˵ôˣ 
ȫĶ룬Ĵ͸ˡ֪һ磬Ҷڴɨ䣬ⱻ˸רΪһϲ˵ôأ 
İǼװôͱأӦüνװģҸôνأС˷ 
ҪǾͰȻݸң 
㣬Ӷɹ𣿡 
ǵûСúܣû취ɹҿǼǵõġ 
ðɣԵķϣϾͱ㡣һСʱȥվ 
ȥ˭أ㲻˵Ҫ𣿡 
ˣҼ˰ɣͦġ 
ûǻ¶ҰͲھأûš 
װģ㲻֪ڼ鲻ˣԲŹô˵İɣ 
˵ôôأôС˼ܱµ̹˵ɣһиС꾫ҪԼҳԷ˵ôɣ 
˭ 
㣬°ɡ 
£ϽңȻĲ㡣 
ĲңҲ˵߻ʵԶܲš 
ҿС꾫Ϻ꾫ɣСͻȻѹ˵ 
ʲô˼ 
һ¾ڿЦ



ʮ 

       ŵģҶ㿪أװġǼװĲŲôûϢ𣿡 ԰һôûϢ𣿡 
ǣҶһС꾫װģȹԹԳȥԷȻԹԻ˯Թڱѵһ 
㲻Ľɣ 
ҲһŶǺǡɱ𵽴ܣҪܶˣҿûֵȥ 
֪ΪʲôΪĺȻһָжָжһȪ˵ɣôгöȫĺ 
С˵˼Թԡұůԭ¼ŵСҲٹ¼š 
µ绰ҾдһӻǣдһƪССС˵޸ĺֱӸһʶıСࡣ 
ôȤдСС˵ˣ 
һʱ飬㿴 
ɣڳԷأȷͷҿ 
ʼҸоԼӵȷǶˡǣæϴϴ·û¥Է 
ԵʣֵĽֵʱ֡ѡ˼ҽСů˼ҡС꣬èͽȥ 
С꣬ǰûȥͦ徻ģҲů˺ܶࡣ 
ҵһ˿һһ׷ȻߴһԵķСϲˣ˵Ӷ֮ҳһ֧̣һſڵķС㡣 
˿ִ߸ϽϷ 
һԵķСЦеƿǷµһֿڸмѵĺþƣƼһ¡ 
ûһ˳ԷȾƵϰߣ·ҲûʲôҪ¶Ծͱ߳Ա߸һҪԭǣСҿ˻ͦ˳ۣȽ崿 
ѵǵ԰㳢һ¡ 
Ǻǡ涺 
˵ôһۿǸþƵأ 
ˣЦ˵崿ҵ˼˵ģԷȾƣû˼˵ȷʵã۸Ҳ󡣡 
ʵ֪ģСˮпƿѵġԣ̬ȣҲͺȻȻˡ 
˵˵ȷʵô䣬ȵƣůůӣȻһµҵСۣǺܺã 
Сã֪ϲʲô𣿡ҼЩ˿ͣѵģ֪ɣһ£ּЦŽͣũ񹤣ƤˣĶƺȣ 
⻰˵Цˡũ񹤰ǸѧʵġҲǺǵЦ 
ѧʵģô³ģ 
۾һ֪ò¡˵˵Ȥīˮһࡣһƿɣ治ġžҪȥþơ 
Уͳ˵ǸѧʵģһƿɡһˣӦˡ 
֣ϰţϸ 
Ҳˣһ˾ȻҽСϰ塱 
˵ʵʲô񣬵ǾԲϰ塣 
ѾҲˡ 
ҵһСǷǷӣȻǸ˵ҪæˣáʲôҪԸģ֨һ 
Уȥæɡһֽ 
һںǱƣҿŵ˵ôһ䡣 
ʲôֽҪԾ 
ŶǣǲͽֽͽֽǺǡǵͨ졣 
ʲô治ţԼѿ˵ֽ 
ѲͽֳֽǸЦЦεصͷȻϽȥ 
Ҳ£ղǾ䡰ֽˡ 
ûȵһ룬ҾͲˣ̫ȤοǸ崿С֮ҲûǣߵĲͽֽһĨȥʡ 
һžũ񾭣ϽȥȶŲߡ 
Ϊ˱ײҺһС㣬ʡ˵ţֱ̨ȥ 
һ250飡̨СﲻƯЦҲ崿 
ʲô٣ 
ϰ壬һ250顣 
250飿˰ɣ 
ҪҸ¼ۣ 
Уɡ 
ģһ˿20飬һ10飬һ׷2飬һƿװ218飬һ250顣ʵ㿴һ¡ 
ʵˣǽʲôţ 
ƣϰ塣 
Ŷ 
طʣ»ûĴƿƸϡôľƣﻹ° 
ʣҳ崿С￴һۡЦе˵ϰ壬ߺá´ҪǵŶ 
Ŭؼһ˿΢Ц룺崿 
صңҰǴƿһӣȻǰһվˣ 
⻹ 
ͷ賤Ӳݣβ롣붼ӵӣžҪˡͨϻմЩ 
ɫգǳȥԷǰûϴɾĲϵذʱصشϵһľ޷Ҳûлúܡ 
忴ֱһصũģ 
мûԼˡѧʵأ涪ˣ 
ǣԡҡ 
ڱҰֿЦ¶˵СЦҶ䶼ܲˣװģôôأԺҪסԽƯŮԽǲš 
ԺҲ𣿡 
޽С



ʮ 

       ڶһ磬ұһֻѡһǹ˾Ⱥ֪ͨǿκɻȱϯһĻ顣 ꣬ɾˣߡôԱ֪ͨİ²° 
˯ȴôҲ˯ˡ𴲣ȥЩ㣬֮ȥ˳ȥ·ѡЩ 
Ѱ˼ȥ㣬С۵ĵ绰ˣ 
ڸˡ𴲣ʮ𼱵ظȥСſڣ 
ôˣҾú֡ 
һشľϲ 
ʲôشϲ 
׼С꾫ҪҪأ 
ҲҪ 
ʲô 
ҪҪ 
ϻˣ㣬¥С꾫ؼң 
 
˦ֻҲûϴءˡ¥ 
һҵӰС۸˵ر߻ֱ߱ĵСеغˣװģأء 
ûҽһԾˣԼ 
ڰаסġ 
˫Ƚҵ״˫§ҵĲӣӲǰҵͷظæò֪ҪңҪҡ 
һַСһƨɣԼˤȥ嶼ҵϰټ˳ƶԣʹҵҪһΡ 
ϻʱСҵĶ˵С꾫ȥкö໰Ҫ˵ 
ɿŵֻСһаҷˣô 
ҲܣҪұȥ 
ҾֻһһֻȻٰнã˫ֹҵĲӣಱ˵ģҪŶ 
ֵ磬Ǵֻмͷ̫ڲԶĻ԰轣̫ʱСۻЦظǰ֣ǵȺͷ̫ͣҲźǺЦ 
òװ¥۵ÿǣŴ¥ݷ֣ߡСûĵشߣͰװģ쵽ˣ߰ 
û취ֻӲżʰϡ 
ڵˡ 
˫Ͻ 
ȻŲϣָָҵĴ˵ȥ 
޷Ǹ峿˵ҸһֱΧҡҴûԼҪ·ʧõıϧò֪ôźá˵ʲôҾ͵ͷʲôҾȥʲô 
ȫĸԸ 
װģȥЬţظ 
Ŷáõġţȥã𶯡Ҷˡ 
ȥˣװģҡҽҪתʱһסҵ֡ 
ޱȹˡˡƬ촽Щʪ󣬲ȻضԵüԸСǿ飬޹˼ɵţҼɱˡ 
ŶСۣеʹΪʲô˹һǣ 
ҰͷظʱֵૣװģоװģҲֿˣһӶֿ 
ٴӴʱѾӽ硣䣬ǽһֽ˶˵һһ黰 
װģҶӶˣʲôأһԼĶƤһҵĶƤ˵ 
ȥ԰ɣһҷʲôġ 
һҷꣿԼǶһûأ 
ˣСҲסǻһҲ͵ˡ 
װģ㵹ҡļҶȥרȥϴοǼСꡣһ뿴ܰǼװĵˣС׳ʲô 
Ȱ˵˰ɣ۳һһԣԺȥˡοҪȥԷǶƢ಻˵Ӱʳ಻á 
ƫֱСȭͷޣ˵ǲʲôԲ˵¶ˣڲŲȥ 
а࿴Сۡ 
ض˵ȥɣȥǼҡôҲСʶһŮѵòɣȻ 
ɻǿ⣬ΪûԵĻҩζԣұʾͬ⡣ֻһ֣ܡ 
һˣҿɴ˳ܵġ˷ܵ˵ 
ڴֱһ𴲡ԡϴĿնҰͣںᴦĺȫˣְͷСĵһ 
Ҳƾʲôҵũˣ 
һǼС꣬ҷ仯 
ȣСѾˡΪһңкϰǵһɣӭ٣ 
ǵСһۣɶϰ尡ũ񹤡 
ΣС۲ȥԷģȥµŮɡ̫󣬾ǲ˲ʡٲǱԹ̫壬Էû 
ҲͣسŬ죬ʾ̫¡ 
ң·Ҳڣ۾СɨԳм顣ŪСЩȻʱԼ 
СʱС۵һһС׷˵ʲôԸٵˡ 
ɷ˵غϲ˵˵ɡ 
̲סɣܳԱ𣿿һ˶ԡ 
˭֪һ۵£һ뷹һһ롣ѵ㻹ƿ𣿡 
СȻЩʲôŵøϽȥҲϴһҲûгֹ 
ԷʱСԣôҲ뷹ɣ 
ͻȻָֻ˿ɰװģȼһ¡ȥԴͣ 
б𰡣ҺȻ˹Ц 
ȥ˽·ʳ֡СҪһˣһ˷Ѻ󣬲Ȼͣ 
ţһؿ˵ˬװģҶðɣ



ʮ Ѵڿʼ

       ʱ䣬ҳɹ¶ һС۵Ķˡ 
°ʱ᳡ 
֮˵ɹΪСۺҵ°˵ڲũˡΪǰ͵͵˵ֳЩ 
ͬһʱΣǵһŮˣұʾ⣬ѵ˵ɹ 
ʵӦ 
С۶ұʾ⣬ôƾ͸ò⣻ƶұʾ⣬ôС۾͸ò⡣Ǳ͸ǵңûκε͵Ŀܡ 
һ㡣 
һԵǶҹĵĲͬ 
С۵˼ǡװģȻҪũˡ 
Ƶ˼ǡӣȻ㲻졣 
𲻽ڶҵνϣұڶҵҪϡ˵С۶ҵҪֻͣϣôƶҵҪչ˹ϡ 
ȻҴĸҲǸӵġ 
Сһֻûйҿ޾磬Ϊ鷳ϴıҪԣôһִҪϴ֮ȥҪ˵Ŭ֮ϴק·Ҫϴ֮ٳšҲεظҵˮȻһë˵װģϴɡ㲻ϴҶඪѽ 
һȻΨΨŵ޾ĵزһʶҪȥ۲ɫĦҪԼǰͨ£ҵĹǴӹʼ˲Żʣ𣿺ˣҪ尡 
˻᳡Եغ֣˳ҧһ䡣 
˸ͷĹһкܴɫ 
Ͳٵ˰˵ô˵ɣ 
Ȼ󣬾ͼضЦض˵Ļŭ˰ɣ 
˭˵𣿡 
Ȼ㡣һ˵˭ 
Ļŭţ㣬ûͲˡ 
˭Ű 
㿴ʲôˣ˵Цôô 
㶢Ůֱˮһѡ 
Ҳ̫˰ɣȷʵͦƯġЦ 
ҿ㡪Ůá 
ǲǳԴˣЩû׵¶ 
ţƳ߿˿ȻҵĶ˵ܵСˡ 
϶⣬ǰҲ𣿡 
һȥ֪ҡŲţʱû㡣 
Ǻˣûˣҿе 
ǰɡ 
ҲȻ˦㣿 
޳ܰɡ 
һЦ 
һ½᳡΢ЦŸ֣Ȼûˣ˺öࡣҪչ˺Լˡ 
˵꣬ߵĳ̶ʧˡ 
һжλá 
û뵽Ϊ˻ӭһŮܵΡû뵽ǣŮȻҾȡΪòΪϤòϤһŮˡСΡ 
Ƹ˵֮ǰֻһ̲ͣضʱ۾ԼˡĪľϲΧң޲վһ۾Ϳңˣǻʤǻʤ 
˵ǾصĻ֮Ҿ͸оıСΰ㲻˵𣿿ôң˭˲ãƫƫǿɶܴˡʲô¶ 
Уܻᾭˡ֮һתʹʧˣңˡôһעҪΪеһ֣ˡʧʧˣظš㲻֪´ʲôص㣬޷ϴʧĶ 
֮ᷴ׺͹ɡ 
СΡ 
ͳ˾ӡĵ绰ҵǸ֣ĬֺǴ֡ԥ󣬻ǲ˹ȥ 
˵Сΰɣ 
ʣ˭ 
˵һʤˣ 
˵ޣô㣿һ 
ʣ𣿡 
˵ܸ㻹𣿡 
˵ͦõģû뵽˵еĸܾȻ㡣 
˵ҪϲңǷң 
˵ȻǹϲҪ㰡һиɻ󡪡⼸꣬㶼ôģ 
ʣĶ 
˵Ҹճ˾ţڻؼҵ·ϡ 
˵ҪһԷɣͦġ 
Ц˵㲻ͼ𣿡 
ҲЦĶĻ 
˵ʱ㳯˺üۣΪҲ֪Ҳ𲻳ϡ 
˵˵ôôأǺǣˣﻹе¶11ɡ 
˵УæŰɡ 
ժ˵绰ȥ̣ɵ˰죬ֻǣ·ߵһС̣ҪһϾյһֻ֧ˡ 
°ôˣ˵ſޡʲô¶ˣް㡣 
սӵ绰Ҿ;òԾ 
ɵ绰ͷǿޣ춼˵һ仰 
㵹˵ôˣƵġҸ㡪ͦõģˡղһӭĴ󿨳Ҷȥˡ 
ҶΪƲסˣΪҵٴȥ 
ܼܼ 
ܼôˣҸо鲻 
ܼ¶ˡ



ʮһ ͵

       ֮ǰ˵Ҵϵ۵ĴڣҲ˳һָˣһ죬ڻɽҰܹ¶еóѡ ˵˰ŵȦӣŲ 
ʱ᲻ҵĻܾٳߵƾʵݣ֤ǶôΨĶЦȻ󺨳رһ١ 
磬˵ĳĳˣԭγԺζģȻ˰ŵȦӡ 
ǣ˵ѵս𣿱һݵĲס˫ۣ㿴ֻһ䣬ˣҪصԭ˰ŵȦӡҰأôȴĽǡ 
ôͻȻ˲ȼ˲ͱըǣ㿴һƬǽ壬еëȻ 
ǰ̫ͻȻˡû뵽û뵽һ̫졪 
˵ܼٱٺҡ 
˵ܼɡ 
˵ܼˣʹȫ״̬оѹ 
ģܲްɣ£˵ʲô𣿡ŭĪܼ󣬳¶ҲҪ˵ǲ˴ܽˣ 
 
ʲôϽ˵ 
ˡ 
ʲôʱ򣿡ҽˡ 
͡͸ղšڿޣȫһŮӡ 
ɶϽȥҽԺϽȥ 
ɡҲ֪ô졪 
Ҵ绰ʲôھǲ˳Ҳزȥ𣿶أ 
Ҳ֪˵ءѾѾҽԺˣҲյҽԺſڡҡҺ¡ 
ɣϽȥ֪ǼҪ㣬һжҪ㣡ѾʼˣϽȥʱ 
˶٣ֲһ䣺ˣû¶ģأĶô 
£Ҵ绰ʲô޸ƨ 
Сµ绰һе泵ôܼôҲأ˵粻泵 
ֵܣͦţúúûţȱ첲ȶʲôģû¶ûš˱ҵŮˣûأ 
˵ģʱ⣬ĵúܡҸԼܼʲô󰭣ֻǶ˼߹ǣֻ˵ο°ˡ 
СԼʱҲ쵽ˣһҾưɡ˸λҪ˱ҾƣȻʱؿֻ 
ڰѾƺˣֳ̣С»û绰Ҽˣ˹ȥ˭֪û˽ٴ򣬻û˽ 
쵰ְϣȻ󳯰̨֣һ 
Ұ۾Ͷ⡣ 
ӿȴľȫưһͣͣ׿ģһȥײˡżʿܼдͯһһơ 
ȻǰһϤӰ 
ƣճ˶̳ţżһԵĳȥ򿪺䣬ѼһŽȥƺƽֽǰ˰ȻĨƽ͹Ĳ֡󣬹Ϻ䡣 
ʱֻˡֻڳ߽һЦӡ 
ұߺžƣ߿ûҪȥк˼ 
ûãһͺҲ̳߳ߴֻС̨ס 
һﲻͺְô˵ɣıε֡ 
ҲʱϳԣʱƴԡչʧܣչسɹҲͳģ 
ͺĿбӵش߹ŵ绰Ҳǡ 
ȴư￴ͣһԵĳţ֡žعֻɵǣͬʱҲֻӶժȻ 
˲һ䣬ͺһͦ׵ıɣһŴסȻͺܴ죬ǻƺʵҵŵܲãǸ˵ҡѡججļһ 
ֻһ˲䣬ʧˡ 
ǵĳֵȥֳ̨֣ 
ѾıˣС΢Цţҵ˼ǵȶˣ𣿡 
ҡžһǮϣ˵ôôϻǮôˣøɵ¶ȥϽ 
һˣӣ 
СϽ뿪ܿƣһֽ 
Ҳëһ͹ȥҰѿձٴʱԱһСĵ뿪λ 
绰һܾ֡࣬ζʧˣٸ֣ǰ˼ 
ãڲͨˡ 
ơơ𣿡 
ιôˣȾˣᣬøˡ 
ûûôû¡û¶ 
ңĶңңĶôˣżˡ 
ûû¶ҡҸˣ绰㻹𣿡 
ͦðǸղŻڹ˾ſ˵㵽ôˣΪʲôҪôƣ³ˡ 
û¡û¶͡ͺá 
˵䣬Ͳس 
Ϊ˭أܼԼ 
˵



ʮ ˭ھ

       ʱһֱֶ Ƹ˵Сͺˡţ¸˵ܼ˳Һء󣬲ҵؿƺͺһǰһش̳װ˭Ҳʶ˭ŵ绰 
ʲô 
ǰϤѣͻȻȫİˡõѣͻȻҪʹ񡣾һŮˣͻȻ䱻㷢ֻ㡣 
ԶûôӣҪʹĥܼ򵥵ؾߣʧȻ𾪣ʹ 
ǣͿʼûɵؿʼ 
СûΪЩ;ҧص롣 
֪һԶҾڽĽɫǲľ 
ǣҵ͹ԼƵĸ飬ĵ͹ˡ 
һҾС۹񣬶֪ͼԸˡⲻ֪ԼһֱƭԼܴܣ֪󣬾ȻʹѡǱѵʹҸ˵ģǱ˸ҵģ 
ԣʧˣȻеȻھʧСۡ 
죬Ƶĵ绰ѾͷۻԺ 
ֻ졣 
Ϊ¡ɽ֮󣬷ֲǡ 
ĶѾˣ 
ҡڡڡԱССҰֻӸС桪Ķ 
ģǵ˵ 
֪ʲôʱҸ첲̧ͷۣģؿǰģŮˡ 
ˣˣҿˣСΡ 
ЩŭȻһֻˤӣ 
ôôƣһ˺ʲôưղŲǺúõ𣿡һֲֻҵļҵȥ 
Ҳ˵ͻȻˣҺ𣺡ãáȣȡȵڣ˭Ҳ׼뿪һ߷ңһȥϵףԱҵľóʮݡ 
ʵûͷʹЩһ֪ҪҼȾƵĹƣСۣǸǰһȾƵСΡ 
һǵ˵ʮӣȻҾȥ 
ҲˡСΡˡܺˡҡͷ 
ôôأͦܺȵ𣿽ܺҲúȣ㶨ˡȰɣû¶ˣҾϣҲϻȥ 
Ҳ˵ȫͺһȫܼѪģӡţһҲһ 
ң㵽ôˣ˵ 
û¶ûû¶ 
˵ǰɣǺãȾơҪǲȣ˵СͷһƼˡ 
һ治֪ʮݾѾˡ 
ȻݹһȣȣǲǾԼͦģˣ԰ɣ 
ûСûСܺȡ治ܺˡ 
ߺװˣղŲͦܵҰĶȫˡ˵㣬Ҫ֣ͼˣƷ衣 
ȻСθԱߵķԱ˵Ļ˼ʲôʱģֺ˶١ 
Ȼֻˡ 
Сһùȥڶߣȴ˵ 
˻һСԣưɣѺȶˣϽɡ 
Ҿʲô֪ˡ 
ڶͷʹǶ񱻰שĹƵġ 
У۾컨ƣЩۡպ£ȷʵˣΡ 
ҶȻһæ𣬷⣬ڿ㶼ûСһ˰ѴȣúۣǶ϶ȷʵΣʵ 
ɵʼΣȴʼ벻ô¡ 
£ɺŴҹţܲ˯ˣζǸջģոʡǽڶɫĴţԳܰ͸ܿζȸӰǽϵзͻķʽŮ΢Цעҡ 
һаǸȫʽķ䡣 
СΰҴ˰ɣ 
ͻȻʲô´ģ𣿡 
ϵǽڿ˵ţȻҼ˴˯½ƣʤڣôˣ 
ô㣿ңҴˣ 
ǰо΢Цؿңͻ 
û˼˵оֻԼ˼ 
ҵֻأ˵ҵֻأĶȻѣüͷʣ·أ 
ǺǡϴˣûأҪ·㻻ϣЦ 
УȰֻȻȥ· 
˵꣬תȥֻֻܿȥ· 
ֻ״̬ǹػһ𼱻ǵش򿪡 
һһϢûͷûԵ 
װģĶôؼң 
װģڵ㣬˯š 
װģôӵ绰 
װģĶΪʲôҵ绰 
װģΪʲôҵĵ绰㵽Ķ 
װģΪʲôػˣѵ֪ҵ 
ţϢͱɣ 
װģΪʲôҪңΪʲôػ㵽Ķ 
װģϽˣ쿪װģúڣҺ¡ 
װģĶ㷳㲻ؼ 
װģҿˣҺ££װģ쿪 
װģˣϣղŵ·ߵ㰡 
װģ˵һӶٷֿ



ʮ Σ

       Щ£Ȼθ ƣĶ 
ôˣ 
Ҫ£ 
ߣҹգôˣܽ 
һӿŻ£ŨŨľ 
һֲңһֵë 
ҽӹ˵лл 
лʲôѽôôƣƽʱҲûôȹ죬ϴȥţ촽ˡôˣôҸ𣿡Щ˼ 
ֻˣҶƿ 
ûаһȻͼſϡֻˣǮǷԱøҵġôˣһ޹ 
ƺЩˡ 
Լɡ취һƬҡҰֻ͵ǰȻأ߳䡣 
ҵ·أʲôʱܸɣϢʱҺ 
ϴˣǸո˵𣿡 
ôϴˣҵûؼҰ˭ϴģ 
·⵽ﶼˣϴܴˣС۴绰ûг¶߿ֻ˵ 
ΪҲ𣿿Ҫͨˣô˵˵˯ˣ 
ûģ¶ЦȷǷȫҲҲһҹ 
ƵĻоȷʵбҪȴ绰Сۡ룬ȷû£û¡ʣʱ࣬ 
ǣҲ˺ȥ 
ҸеֻŵǣȻػˡԤЩأΪӡУСûйػϰߣҹ 
ôˣƱ߻·ʡ 
Ҳģڲź룬һⶼǹػʾ 
ﻹе绰𣿡·ʡ 
𣿡ܼ롣 
ڲڼҡҲڼء 
ܡһϰȥˣӺң֪ôʰ⣬Ҳ򣬻ûô˵ 
㲻Ҵ򡣡 
ʲôҳԾ 
˵㲻Ҵȥԡƿҡ 
Ҫ㻹Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ѿ˶ٴΰ 
ŷأǸõŮӣľڣʲôǴҪģȷû¶Ҫģ㶮𣿡 
Ҳ 
ʤ˵ôô˽أҪʲô¶ô죿𣿡 
ǣ˽ֻûãҲһ鷳û֮ǰһ鷳£ʲô˼ 
ûʲô˼ҸһӰҵأĶˣ 
û˵ʲôһߵıڹ񣬺ܿתһ̣Ͼģϲ顣 
·ģġ 
ϴ·ʱŪʪˡⰡ 
ҽӹȡһһ֧ӸҼ·ҴɣҲģ 
أ͸ҺҪϴɣҸȥ 
ȥϽ·ȥ 
ʲô˼ 
ûʲô˼ 
ԣ֮˻ҩζ 
Ȼơ 
ţܳʱ䣬ǶֳĬɳϳ̣ڶϿҡ 
ʤôøøС۴绰֪û¶ 
㣬·ϴˣҪȥˡ 
˵ʲô 
бҪظ𣿡 
Ҳڵ顪 
ˣ˵ֿοҵĻҲû˵꣬Ҳͷشϡ 
ؿƺЩ 
û˳һ־ĵطšһءҸͺȥ̳Ȼװ˭Ҳʶ˭ش绰ҪǱײϣһֱΪ˵ĶҥԺأ˵Ūʲô룬Ҳðͻȥ·ϣǿ 
ʱҿҪˣôҶݳһѵĺϷ 
˵ѣЩҳɶպɶһѴСļһʲôʸȥ˵˱أ 
һʱû·뿪һ̻ѡô죿ô˵ʱúúڡ 
һҪοԼûµģʱ¾κˣ֮Ҳƽ˾ 
ҷ־̧ۿǽϵķʽŮЦ·˵ŵģʲô˰͵ӣ 
ţ½뵽취𣿡 
ûУأ 
һֱ룬ܾòס 
˵Ҳء 
ҾֱһЩڶˣš 
ʲô˼ֱ˵ 
͸˵һѺȾˡȶˣֻҲˡ£ʲô֪ˡ 
Ǹû취ĺð취 
𣿡Ҽʡ 
֪һжһȥ 
ûٺõİ취𣿡 
ҾҪȹ£ʽֻƭؼôƭŲƭ 
Ǻǡо顣ʵ˵ƣܶʱڴʱر㡣 
ʲô˼ôͲζ 
һζأ



ʮ 

       㲻ζҸ㣬ζңң֪վסҪ뿪ƴ˵㣬˭Ⱦˣ ôˣתͷؿ 
ҿӦòְɣ 
ȻԣҲԻش㣺һ˺ȵģһˡ 
Ҳм 
ʷԱ˭Ⱦˣô֧˰˵һ㣬Ϊʲôһǹߣ˵С֪ۡģҲ 
ֱǺĿ첻м 
սš 
̡ 
ƴΡ 
Сˣ˵ҪҺȾơȻֻˣˣ˵ǷԱֹʲô 
ĪǣС֪Һƣ 
һƣȻҪҰڸŮѲýˣ˵˭þòζأ 
˵ˣһ˺ȵľƣǹǺ¶ 
ôˣ˵Ҫ˭ 
⣬ȷʵѵˡƵĿѾظҡҸǹĹϵҲûκαҪοСڲǰСΣǸεĸܡ˵ˣҪġ 
֪ΪʲôȾ𣿡Ҳ˵ˡ 
ҶôֱӸ˭ 
˭ҪҪΪʲô˾ƣֵ֧̣˵Ϊ˭Ⱦơô֪οѾûˡȻԴˡ 
Ϊ㣬Ϊ㣬֪𣿻Ϊܴ죡ѿڶֻص״̬ 
ʲô˼վɫЩ 
ҵ˼ǣ쿴ˡ̳ſڣ㲻᲻֪˰ɣ 
ЩȻֹӡ 
ʵ¶ҸͲԲ˵ΪûȨ֪һС߹ҡ㰮ңûϵ˭˯ȷʵûȨʡǣƫƫͺӣȥİ˵գߵֻſڡ 
ʤվסٴκסң쵰ƾʲô˵ң 
ˣԲ˾øԷҺ˵ɣһ㣬żȻһ߳˾һڿ 
ΪҲ㣬Ժжֻһ仰ˡҸ㣬ʤҿߣͬҲߡŲţ 
ţҫ۵ĵطҲ޳ܵĵط̣Ҿײѡ 
˵һ𣿡ָҡ 
ôʶԺͶҲˣǸԶ˵ˡ 
˵ʲô˵ʲô˵㣬ƣˡ޳ܵĵطȥģ 
˦ֱ̣ȥš 
죬Ҳ֪ôŭ𣬷·𲻷й͵ñըͬʱҸоԼͬһֻ͹һֻ͹ 
Ƶңмҡĸоֻһֱţһֱѹţһֱû˵磬ûпɿɿֻһʱ֮裬һõĸоڣСҲİɡҲҲڵĸо⡣ 
·ߣͳͳߡͳͳߡԶҡںꡣ 
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ͣ£˼Ϊ鷢չ볶ϼ䡣 
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ĳŮˣʹ֮ǰ㷳겻ѣɵεѵذԼʹޱغгôͻȻ̲ 
˵˵ģͷһשΪʲôأΪ걬ˣڿ꣺ɱҰɡ 
ңȷˡ 
㲻ףһ㲻ףһмǿô 
ʤ쵰Ҳߡһ¿ˣסҵ쵰Ҳߡ 
תȻ벻ͨͻȻйһҲһȫ˽Ů˰ɡ 
ǿӭҵĿ⣺Ǹ쵰Ҳߡ 
ЩļƼ们 
ŶŮˣ˵ֻһۣҵľͼǿˡһжôǰŮˣղŻҪҵġ 
ŮˣȻʱЩһֱҺãûиı䣬ûСԼ˵Ļ˶ҺãǾǺˡ 
Ӻ 
ƣ˼𣿡 
ֻᣬֻҡͷ 
ƣû˼֪ʲôǣһֻ˺˴˺Ȼ˺ߵˣСۣҲ˺Ϲֻûоֻ֪һ׵ʱǾ군ˣǻΪ˾ЦϡûʲôԺɵ뿪أܾҲܿҪΪʵһǻоϢϢΪŮˣҲǣûЩλҫʲôں߻Уٻ߻˯ԼԵС 
˵ʵڻѵŮһ¶ԸĴǼԵȵġ 
ĬĬؿң˵ؿš 
Ҽ˵ 
뿪Сۺһ˺ܶࡣⶫġǮ⣬λ⣬⣬ʵһ⡣ʵʲôʵǲܡ֮ĸԶܱ³ϡҴӦСֻۣԶ֪һʲôĹ𣿴⡣˴⣬Ҳ֪ʲôȷСֻңÿ°ֻΧҡ۾ûһӲңֵûбѡ֪һУˡҼĳ죬һУҵĿ׻Ҷ˽⣬µĽ䣬һһغңֱӭ 
ƵͬϧһֱҺõŮˡȷѾƣʱʱҼǵøʶƵʱ򣬴ûǷơ 
һжô⣬Ҷڲͣطչš⡪⡪⡪⡪



ʮ ɰ

       ˵˵ɡ ˵ǸĲһ 
磬ſǹȥһĺӣ˵аְ֣˸ǳԡΪԹ˳ӡȴǺƵĲмƾҶ걻ˣľ飬ĲǣߣС 
ֱȽϼ򵥣ԸЩأ 
磬մһŮϻ׼뿪Ȼ㣺ʶһ˰ɣɻصͷ룺⣬ôͻȻᵽ壿 
Ȼ󣺡⣬ġ 
ӵ;øӵǡ 
Ƹҵġ 
й֮Ǻܿ찲 
ƣѾˡ 
ˣһֱû֡ź𣿡 
ôˣ 
ҿҪһŮˣоûȤġ 
ô᣿35꣬һֱǴĽŮˡңһֱôƯôʡ 
֪һ뿪ҵġƽ˵ 
ûش 
ΪС۲ӦŮˡҲҲղ˵ġӦ뿪㡣 
˵ⶫû˼˼·ʡ 
ͬˣǲͬġҵֻҪй㣬Ѿ˼ˡ 
Ϊʲôأֻһ۵С 
㲻һ۵С֪ʲôط𣿡 
֪ҾԼһǴ 
ĵطԼԸʱ°ʱǿܻ߱ˣϲʲôϲʲôȨˣʲôҪֻҪ㡣ǡǡΪ㣬ʵο֤ 
ˡڱ˵ı־ѱעĵطһԸ㣬ʵһֱ㣬ֻǾ̫̣ҪĥҲһֱڹ˾ԭ򣬶ҡ 
ʲô˵ʲôҼֱԾ쳣Ǹͺң 
Ҳѵģֺô˵ȷʵ㣡 
ƣ˵ˡܣҶȻ˵滰˵ԼĻңƾʲôʲôطֵأΪѡججӣ 
ΪдļƻͷΪԹ˾󵨵¶֪𣿿ףҵԵĽ취ǹؼһʹ֮ԵĸĽ취ôʱ׼ȷ 
磿 
ǰдǷܽᣬ¶֣б˽ҵ⡣ 
Ǽһݡ 
Ǵν֮󣬶»ʼ⡣ܿ죬ͨˡôƺĻϣȷʵûӰ 
㲻֪Ķˡٱ磬Ǵ̸УҲ֪ѼϢ˵Ǽʵĭ˾˾߷ãһȫ߱κιģĹ˾ʽһЩɢͬһͬʱעʻ߱ʵˣô֪ģ 
ֻôһ˵ˡ 
ȥģûƿʼЦˣһҵҸѡ 
Уֻ֪ǲϲڵĹ˾Ҳûаŵһʺƽ̨ϡȴһ㾡۳ҡ˵Ҫúôĥ㣬ʱһ죬Ĳܡ 
ҵĲܣ 
ǵģĲܡ 
Զϲ⹤ģҡҡûкĺ 
ΪҲ֪ʤϰڼһֱдС˵԰ɣǱʲôţתɣ󱾣ʮ֡ûкĺд𣿻ˣҵ㣬칫ҵĴӡǸӡС˵ġ 
ЦǺǵġ 
ЦԳԵġ 
Ժһ̨ӡɣұ֤ϰڼ䲻ռùԴ 
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˵䣬ƵͻȻӹһ˿ˣʲôˣ 
ʲôʵ˵˵仰Ҹоġ 
һֱƷޣҲ˵ϹǸʲǧĵزϰ壬ȴ뵽ˡ 
ǵһƼƺûи 
˵ôǮҪʲô 
˵Ļ 
˼άԾʱҿһ龰 
һķӣȴסһնįꡪ󡣶߳Ӻܷ˼ʵĽ⡪ʥɴǣΧȺڽԾ̾ĹסһǸö 
оʣ˵ġʵҺװװźҸ 
ǣһܷŮС㣬СװŮ 
װɣɰ磡 
ƣܸң֮䵽ʲôϵ𣿡 
ˣҲЩȥ¡ҿ㱣֤Һ֮ʲôûС˵䣬ӹһ˿ˡ 
ǣͻȻ뵽ǸҳΪɳܵĶɩƺư 
Ŷɰ磬ҡдŮӣֻСˡ޽С 
ͻȻѹƣϽ·ҵûȥһӶܵ顪



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ɺʣõʧǹػ룬ҲˣһҹʧѾȥϰֻ࣬ʱԸϵҰˡ 
֮֮ҳذСֻһʱ֮ңֻҲˡˣΪһЩ飬ʵҲϣûбûʱͼǻҾԼʵͦģʾ֭Ҳ벻ԼĻѻ 
ţЩƫ⣬뵽ƣ뵽˵ͺӾȻңﲻһĪζͺôңǲǸøеأ 
ǣһкܿ챻һζ嵭ˡңˣҲŲмαʿ 
˵Ǻܴģһֱ˽Ҳ֪ȫΪ˵ҡѡجج˵һ˵ʹһֱǿš뵽֮ǰƵ 
֡Ϊʲô˻ʽȥװסƺܴ쵽һֹϵ 
в֪ƵǷҵǳܸоƹʱҲһмݡΪ֪֣ȴȻֱҷ֡ 
ѽԼʱ飬븧ƽƵĳ嶯һһεﵭȥʧ˵ˡ 
޷󣬺һǹӵҡ˵ĶҵİʵģôìܺͿưûи˵Ҳûио 
룬Ƶĳ죬һ˺֪ 
ǣֲ¡ڹԱһ棬ᣬҲԼĻеϵ 
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ҽҪûԸ˵Ķģûƭ㣬ûУ 
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ףֲǱи׵ĵطôõСۣƭ 
·ϻˣθǰһҲǹģ⣬⡣ǣһΣһҪҶȹѹذֵȹлˡ¶ˣȥ㣬Ⱦợʲô㡣Ҫȶơ飬Ҳ跨Ū 
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ˣİɡ˭˭¶յվұ֤һʧҪҵȶƳ顣 
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˵Ӧóȥңߴ绰ѯһЩѣܴܲڼ﷢㶰ɣ 
һش˵ȵ˵ɣҲЩʱֻͿˡ 
˰ΣƲŻش𣺡Բ£ҡ 
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Ҳϰ࣬Ҳԭġ 
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ҵõСۻѻԸ 
ûеõ֮ǰû˼ϰࡣ 
⼸ͱϰˣϵţڼɡϣҵĴ 
һ̾Ϣ·ˡ 
ٽʱҿ鿴ˣҲǣӱͳһ棬ԼһйͷһƿϡҵذϵһںҰǶ 
һζУǴڴڵ̳ԡˡһһ֭ҺҷֹͷǶġ 
꣬־òʡΪʵеûţԽȥϴˡ 
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⵽Ҿ֣ĵķꡣһ˼̣ûȻֳһЩİ취 
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ʮ Ⱦ

       ϣǳǵƨɣһſңҵϣٳ жʱ䣬ң⼸꣬㶼ôģ 
˵ĵعߵķݣѰѹӢ 
㻹ǵȥ¹ǰǸĹǰһ 
Ȼǵá 
ʱǻϼңǸմѧҵĸʱ򡣷ĹôûɣųȥһǮĹŵõ졣 
١ 
Ǹ߸Ũüۣһ˧ʱɲڡ磬ҽܣһ㶼һ䣺ã˵˼ֱͲԼĶ䡣Ҳģ 
˵ǹɶţµ 
ǹǽµɣ 
ˣǰɡ 
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ȷʵʱɡ 
أôˣطҾƿ 
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˵꣬ĵߵ·⳵ 
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ͷҲصسһ֣공ˡ 
˵ƣһȾƵһȤ 
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֪ʱֱһҡǮΪ˵ҡǮķϣֵҾͳԵˡ 
ûغϣǹҪٻؼҼĸ˵ˣʵڡϲˣͰˡ 
죬ȥƵġͨ׵Ľзǡݡ֡Ϊȥʱһ˵ǣȥأȥѽ 
Ȼȥףȥף˵̽ҲɡЦ˵ 
ǲ͵ˣϽװˣģԽԽáɽװʣ 
ʹһٸԸҲֻ˵˼죬Ϊ˵ˣɶеݣ֪𣿲֪ɴͱȥ 
ԷʱϾֳΪ⣬һٷŻ˵һ֮󣬽ôô٣Ǻȵʱ˵Ǹˣһ֪ɵ֡ǹ׵棬üȥģ·׼Сڡ 
ҼſڣƲס˷ܣӲҪٳ̣ʵǻҾȷʵˣ·Ҫһš 
ѧδ˵Ŀ˵ֵ֡ܡϲϲҰɡҰռռҡƲ󡪡һ롪һ롪ֵۡܡһһ롪 
ʱôشģˡҼǵϣǾôһֱųƨΡͣس̣ͣ򣬲ͣغС 
ڶ죬绰ֵܣ¶ϣǲǱˣһôӶɧζأӶʪģҲǹζ 
ˣˡʱҡŵģ򻹱˵ҡǮ 
ҵǣʰذϵĿʱͬʪģһйɧζ˵ܵġ 
ٸŮʱҲһȾơ 
ǹҴҸ˵ԺҲˡ 
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֪һƿҵ֣ȥŮѵҲá 
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ܲܲװԲҡǮ͸ãҰԼˡ 
ôûĵ¹أ 
ˡ



ʮ ô

       С˵дͣһ¹µһκ顣 Уҵԡ˵ʱʱĪ 
յůҾôۣҹɫ뵽ζͬŽѾżʯӣرŤջ 
ٺҾŭûκԤ׵֡һҺѵĻ˵ǣҵôˣƵĻ˵ǣ֪һֻҡŲϵ˾ҪҧĹ蹷Ѿˣ 
Ƕӣʱ򡣼ˣΧе˶ұʾк񣬿ɰСȴûСʵϣûУû˵κһá 
ҵϣͻȻ嵽ҵǰȻָҵıƿڴʲôԡΪҷǵøˡ 
ǸˡҵûʶҸҪһҸ 
𣿲ţҸĸֶȥģ 
ûУһζûУûУ 
ǶӣҲ빤˵ججĵˣ֪ʲô¶Լġ 
ȥҸˡ˯Ϊ˯ҰȻоƾ 
뵽Ǽͦ׵¶򿪴ͷɷͳɡţҾ˿ָֻ֢Ҫһվڸߴйĳ嶯ԣʱ׹¥ʱ˫ץס⣬Ȼȥٶȥֱĵա 
˵һˣŵʱȥ˼⣬Ǽ޴ġҾ޴ݵʱңǲȷеġ 
ҾȷеĴʶӦǡɵðȻʱɵҲ 
Ⱦƣͼǧƽǿ˵˭ɵð 
ʵ˵˼׵ġ˻ŵʱ򣬲ȥ˼⣬һ޷˼ݡ 
֮Щҵ⵽ĺף·ͽһš 
ҹˣҳԼҪҪ侲һжġһվɡЩתԾɲ˦ȥ֮ǰӰһô죬ͻԵ͸Ů˵һܶʼ 
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ǣˣ㲻Ҫżġ 
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ȻתǵСŲһ·ȫǶյ䡪СۣҴˣΪʲô㵽Ķ 
صСݣɿտյҲҡſȥ·ûѡ 
һл㱣Сۡ 
ǰֻСƻһαƭǰʱŲߵӡ 
Ҳˣ̣ɡߺ˵ 
ζĻ棬һһƯʹҸоЩƣ롣 
أҼһӭƯǹͷ㷢һȹ۰׵Ĵȼȫ¶⡣·ƨһΣɷҴѡһǲƨĩߵȹذŪ£Ƶط¡ 
ҾܵһעƮãžøϽϼһ·βš΢紵ȥʱҺ޲ܵͷϿÿ֪ȹС㵽ʲôɫʲôɫ 
һǰһţ뱻ңкüΣҸ֮һ룬־Ϳ̰ԡ 
ξ˻ҸŶˣƯĹﻹǰһҡ˵ƨɡֹͣ˸ĽŲתʱȴӭײһƯĹԲ۾߷ߵŭҡ 
 
͵ؾѡ 
ΪǷ߷ߵŭҵĹȻСۣ 
ȷʵģȴʵġ˵Ϊͬ񻰴˵һڣɵͨλõʽͷҵ̰Ҫ֪Զеβ֪ضٱ 
ΧĺڰңѾҹˡʱ䣬쵽ҹˡ 
һæ´ӷֻСۻûǲ˯ʱҴ绰򷢹Ϣأ 
ҵĹϲʧ˭Ҳ 
ڣҵֻɲǼ䣬ÿЦǡˣҹ 
ǣһ°ֻԭء 
ģСۣΪʲôأ



ʮ ˵

       ٴȥ绰Ů˱̬һظǾʹ޵ĻԲûѹػԷڿ󡪡 ȥġȥĶԣû˵꣬ʧһŵ绰 
漴ֻѵĲкڹ⻬ĵذϣԾš 
Ӻ̱ڵذϣ 
ڵδڰ 
ͻȻҷɳأһµæҳ롣ɳϵף»䡣 
ʱ賿㣬ĿĵҡڿʼĽֵϡôĵ绰ˣҵĵطˣһЩο͵ķȣԼƧԶĽ⣬ɶûС۵Ӱӡ 
ҡڽֵ֮ǰһֱڳ⳵ĸʻϣ۾ſܳ˼κһ䡣 
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һ仰ҡ 
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ʱҰҵļųƱλϣ˵ֵܣԲסˡ 
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ֱ˵绰ŴģٲȥŵñźѰӵ绰ʱûϸǸŮ˵˭ܶ϶Ů˾أŮѾáĻСˣҲ˵ 
ֻΪȥĻСˣҲһ͵米һֱͦӣӲ֡Ӳšӣ֡ӲšţȫȻжܡ 
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ΪʲôأΪıݲκ˹κ˺ 
ԣ仳˾ţ˵ҪȥǵñźѰţΪҸĸС꾫ڶء 
Ϊ仰뵽Сۣ뵽ԼԹ񸸸ǰڵ¶뵽˵ɱ𵽴ܣҪܶˣҿûֵȥ뵽ǴҾĵϢ 
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ҪؼӣһЩȦȦٵҪģ˵ҴӦˣȥʱСԡȻó 
ɳЦЦ 
ֵܣ˵˻˼𣿡ͻȻʡ 
ɶ˼ҸĲһ˵ʵ˵أ¶ľżǹˡȹ꣬Ǯ򷿽顣Ȼ󱧶ӣŮҲУ۲ЩɣҷԽԽá 
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ôãʵ˵һͦص¹ģͲˡ 
ΪСǹ 
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ûǾ֡ 
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ɶ 
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Գ嶯ӣҪ˱ӣָҾ˵ƱҺȡˣҽ˵ 
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𡪡СԴġ׼ˣ˵䣬ٴӻħƿʱ򣬴Ӽ͵͵ģƲ 
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ٽб45Ȼӳȥһѿնһ˿Ŀ쵶 
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뿪ưʱǷƿ׾ƣȴ˭Ҳû¶⡣룬Ϊʹ졣Ϊ˵Ƿʱ鲢⣬ңܲ 
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Ҳ֪жˣйʹࡪһˣȴҲѾоһ㣬оѾʧȥ 
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ıѩأǿһҹıİѩϣҵһαСɧϣѵҽ̫աϣ¹ͻȻ 
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ʮ ˣư

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ųʱеĴۣÿһȵýʵ¶ 
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ô֪ 
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ƺ·߼ʱ˷ܵһַѣһָŸ߼˵սɵĸ߼šƣ׳ۡ棬ŵ·ƣǳɡ˵ÿյƵ۶һ顣˵ôһͷĵƣǵûǮ 
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ô᲻֪أɵĵ졪ҹɣҺСһųҹǣͷƹʯһҫۡ 
װģǽʱҾҪǶôʯ䡣ҪúŬǮŶ 
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֪ش˵ۣۡһ㶼ۣԿʼЩˣǿģ۰ԽԽãǮš 
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ԺأԺʲôƣҵʱԺ 
̾˵˭֪أһûã֪Ժﲻưˡ 
˵⻰ʱ˸˲ʹȾҡʱ˸е룺ҲζҺСһưӣΪԶĻ䣬 
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ʮ ʲô

       СӵĵδУԵøⰲ ϣҰѴӳдһӰ˵ķ棬һһװĹڹϹӵɲǼ䣬ЩѹЩ棬ҵóԶأ 
ԸڳһʱܵȵСۻɡ 
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ƳԾûôأô죿ô죿 
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ΪˣһֱûҴ绰㡣ڣ˵ûκϢҹҪ¶˵ 
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ʮ ̹Ȼʧȥ

       ˭ܸңǷҲйĵľٶĵŪ׾ʲôʱԼֹͣҵһô˼⡣֮ǰûУûУʹʱ ĺܺЦҶԼ˵˼⣬֪Լʲôʱ 
ʵһһʾôҲվһ˵һϻһȥˣŻ־Լȥ 
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ҶԼһˡ 
˵ǻˣ˵ 
ǺǣΪǼҹȥ˵ôһ죬ĻҪԴٵ۾ 
ᣬһٸᡣҲ᣿ 
Ҿһᡣ 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊˡ 
ȥģۺȾƣ˵ǻ֮¶ 
һͷ˸ɱ֮ȥ䣬ҳ̵ 
绰ˡ 
ǣ绰תͷ亰 
ûæôҽӡﴫٵ 
ٵĵ绰ͨ 
ʦá 
û¶ɣ 
û¶ͦõġ 
أֺȸѽ 
ûܺȸأء 
ˣ 
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ģҲȶˡǱߺȱء֪ˣҾͻȥõõáȫġ 
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˵֪㣬԰ɣҾԼѾˡҵ̡֧ 
ʲôʱ˵㲻֪ʱ򣿡 
Ǹղţر֪㣬ҺȻԼΪĲ֪㸶ʱ 
ģ 
ġ 
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һֱҲˣʧȥǣҾ͹ǰڡ 
ɵɵǻ꣡Ҫ֪һУܳҿֱˣ 
ǣ㲻ʲô 
ʲô 
Ѿʧȥˡ˵ѾҲˣô̹ȻЩɡ 
ϣҼ˵˵Ȱɣֵܡˣû¶ˡ



ʮ ܳͷ

       ڰ죬ûκйС۵Ϣ ھ죬κιС۵ϢûС 
ʮ죬ͬϡ 
ʮһϣҶ˵ԺͳԵˣԼҵһʵСѾٻˣ 
ڣȷʵÿΪԼԵġ󷽱档 
ķһһ٣ҵĻȴһһࡣһֳͷ˵ĳͷϵ۸Щ֪ڸĵ̰ߵĳͷ 
ҪӣǿԾٳһңֱܼ 
ʵϣ˵ܼ˵Ϣ𺳣 
ϢʱҼѣ·ϻһֵܣͻȻûˣⱲҲ˻䡣ֵ֪ܣĦгܼ½ˣһɰĶӡ 
ܼôºõģҲ֪椵ļĦгļһտ˵ãվóļ뿪磬뿪˿ᰮĦгԼͰŮ 
𣿷šŮ֪жô֪ǵѪͲƲְҵԲ˵ȷʵְҵ޷ݣ͹۴ڵְҵ 
Ƚ϶ԣӻͷ˵ѣǲпᡣܼ˵һֲпᡣпȥֻЩ϶ѾȥĺС֮İ顣 
Ϊţˡ 
϶ˣܳͷԹԡ 
ιڼŮĿɡ 
Ů࣬ΪǿͶȥȡԼҪġܶŮ޴ıУʼ·ἴʱǾǿͨһķʽȥһֻȥĿܴ࣬ΪûԸûȷŵû˭֪ͶǹٵģǴģô 
ŮԶûôࡣһڼ̼ߵŮ˵ֻ㣬Ҳ˵ֻһں֮ǰѾһŮֻ㲻֪ˡ 
š䲻سAƬֳһǸˣƭӣƭӡΪʲôҪƭңΪʲô 
֮ǰĻʣһӡ 
ʵˣǷġһ˻ͺܶ಻ͬŮһŮҲͺܶ಻֮ͬ䶼֪塣ڵеš 
ŮɱЩ¸ҶˣǸڸǡһͺܶΪ˴Ǯǲα飬Щǳ͵ߡǺܴ󷽵ظ㡪ȡҪģҪġԸĽȫȼۡ 
ôŮ˵Թأ 
ΪǵĴƻһЩϰ߰͵ŮΪӣֱŮûмŮûмŮĳƺЩ͵ŮҲᱻɼŮԣЩŮ˵ĵ׷ǣֲΪǮƾʲôǼŮ 
ԣŮôѡŮǲԸ⣬ҲԸ⡣һЩνĻ˾ͿʼסдС˵˵һȥ˼ԺȻļŮǣĵ˼翪ʼĵĵġν顱󣬵óһ½ǡʱչĲı־ 
ǣЩĩĻˣվܸıŮƵλ޷ϰŮȥıǩΪļŮѾ仯ˣѾˣûһЩΪӼ˵ı塣 
ԣŮǲУӻͷУҲпᡣ 
ˣˣʹ˴ס 
˵ܼҿԼЩҼΪȻȥϵ۸ĳͷʱҡ 
ҹ̨ͨҺĵطһĲѰû뵽ͷô졣 
Ľ죬ҲζЩӡСֳĲӦڿȫԱġʱ޷һ޷ 
ҾƵػȥĲп£Ҳܼҵѡ 
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СһʱɡʱѾԸܳͷԹϲ˹¶ûƵϲ 
ȣҸƺǴ绰˵ңˣҲϴˢĿʼ밲һʱ䣬˭Ҳңˡ 
εرʾܣҪ˵ʲôʱҹ˵绰 
磬̨Ͽ顣ܺãûз磬ġΪһ۵Ů˵ˣ᲻÷е顣Ȼ¥µһѣվ߽¿ 
ٺĻ԰һŮһﺢϷŮβ裬ëһţп㣬ųĻɵɣ׷׷̬϶˵һϣмк׼ŷݡ 
ΪþڵԵʣҲԸôŲؽŲջߡ 
һŮڲƺϣȻȡһֻ١ϸ˵ع׷ЩҲҡ 
治Ѿİá 
꣬һڶСУ԰ǣƬС֣ҳ͵ȥ̡һΣȻһŮͬѧﴵ١ 
óϣһʱҾϲСǿ٣ŮͬѧΪúܰҳ̳úˡ



ʮ 

       ҴûŮͬѧ˵һ仰֮ǰҲûǵһİɡ ʱҺȥһкɶסˡΪһΣͷңһ֧ȼŵ̡ 
ʱѧ̣ɲõҵ͡ԣҿüͷԼ˲ʱ¶ĲмȻҲڽѡԾƹңӵһ뿪 
ֻϧΪңҵʱûֻܿǵǽüͷ 
ΪʲôΪΨһڣҲ¡ҪڣġһԭǾҳ̶ûγκθš 
ôģҳҵġ 
ܱңڲƺϣһһ飬һףʱһʳţһһݵĺ󱳼ڲƺƨɣĬĬس̡ڡڡڣһ΢ʧ 
ĿһԼǵһЩ磬ˮǧɽ顷һ÷ 
ҵǣһȥСֳʱȴӰһֱûǿҵʱҹܶһͬѧٵŮ֮û˵ٺҲһֱΪеһš 
˵ʵڣڣûȥ˵仰´һкɧһ£õҾѿĲмΪϾԿ岢ס 
źúܣܼסģݵĺ󱳺ʹڲƺƨɣԼǰҳ̵֧Ŀ 
=============================================== 
԰Ŀһһź 
Ǻǣ֪Ƕӣôô׻ǰ 
Щ˼·ֻصǰ 
Ůֹͣ˴࣬漴ҲϡϡţŮȺ˵Щʲô 
һֺĺϾ֣˵ŻȻȥǣٴ𣬲Ѿˡ 
ܵĲݶѾ࣬ߴһѾţԶķѾŷɡһ紺ǵľ 
ľҲǾ޽еһΡⷬΣе鶼žһڵذϡ 
ǡǡ 
ʰ飬¿ʱղŵѾˡֻӦ˵Ҽֱˣ 
ʴңйϵľ 
йұ֤ǿȷʵˣٴγ԰￴ȥʱ 
˵˵Ǹоɡ 
Ȼ䣬ҾԼ겻ƵطͼŬһ߾ȫ̼궯ѣͬѺ̷̳˻ڣҵ˿ѡ񲻹һеҪ롪ȥȥ 
궯شಿλʼ룬Ȼ󾭹ʺŵԣڡصȥҷ·ܼɳȥɲǣԼ֮ڿзӡţΪԼʤӡ 
ҵǣ㿪ʼ׹䡪 
ܿ죬ҵҲʼ˷޷ȥ֮ĿնΪ޷ıѣ͸궯ţƮƮȻԾԾԵӡûа취ͬһԼĺ׹Ԩĸסѡβȥ 
ţԼ 
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ǿʼ£һһ㡣Ůڿ޺ھ֣ҡͷŻ¡ 
мѪУһԽ磬ǵѪʡ 
ȻⷬλδֻСһΪСĿֲ¼䵽еĳ䡣ĳĳҲ𾪡 
Ӧ¸ҵģ¸ҵֹԵָӣȻŸоȥ 
Һˣ˫ץס⣬ͼסԼ塣һֱΪԼηܰ赭д·мһˡһЦЩѰˣظ˵ɣȥɣ۵װ 
浽ʱһų 
棬Ŀ棡 
嶯ȥҲһнõѣ군һסҡ 
ţҸоתǰе嶼ڲСѾڼСҷֲĶ棬Ķ棬һγڷ 
ͻȻ־õذͷ̨Ķȴڽŵס 
ҡڼ 
Ѿ޷վ 
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ڵذϣһţͬһֻеСǣʹ˿šɫҺǱһֱ䵽ϣȻһЩδĺɫţʼŻ£Ż£ԼһҵĿԺͲ 
¥»԰ڷ۾ϵƲڸӣеķΣ֦ͷһ裬ٳصĻںЦ΢ԾԾԡ 
ţһݵŮߵһ̵кǰ˵ʲô֣ϲҴ𣿡кܳæͷȥҽС 
ˡµһװһɰȪһƢʹһ 
ͤͤվкǰչʾԼ峺͸ 
Լ˵ʲôֻŻŵ˵ϲϲ 
ҲϲңԺˡ˵꣬ƮȻȥ 
ֻ֣ɱ׼ֵơȻѾӲˡ 
һжͷӰ񣬸Żͬʱţӡ 
ŻֹͣľȻ۾ˮۣ漴ڵذϡ 
һжˣ 
Ҳ֪Լ˶ãҾһҲֱǸֻ



ʮ ֻ

       ưʵдͦ˵ģİԼдˣ ========================================= 
Щľʧ֮Ķϵ״̬ 
ñ磬Ϊһֱˣʵǽ̸㲻ֱңֱֱܴöôҸʵʡǣԼһֱ˿ʼľ 
ֱ磬Ѿ˼дһ飬ΪĲƲʼʽ򣬵ͷԼⱾΨһߡǣԼɣתʧⱾǽǣ֩Ҳһľ 
ҵʱľںߡ 
ΪϵϣԲŻ᲻ͣʧֻκ죬ǹһȵǹһȥȴֲҪĵ绰Ϣرɥ 
ʧᳰЦ㡪ôӭ𣿳ң˭ʱԸأǣǿջЦô᣿ô᲻ӭأӭһӭ 
ԣҿʼľˣֻκ졣 
====================================== 
˿ֻ̣ӿĲ֪ʲôط޶ԣֻǺƽ죬ӵġδûʲôɲ̨ĵذϣ͡ذϡ촦ۻһƬ 
ȵھʧҸоͷʹԴֲͬ˸ֶͼЩģΪܸо˵һš 
лϵۣһţûȥ 
ģҾȻԿıѣʬ̫ˣʲôܱȻŸ˿أ 
֪˶ãڿˣֻǻоͷΣθҲܲûʲôֻ״һΰʾ 
Ҿϴ裬ϴȥΪŻ¶ճȫζ٣Щ 
ʱֻˡ 
ΣˣɳԱߵĳڷȵĺ 
ûֹͣŲΪҵϴ衣 
ԡһѸµ¿ҵضѵţϡԿɫŻ 
ҳţͬһУжĳϴֻЩմȾۻ࣬ϣϴˢȥԼѪҺеİ࣬ΪҾͿе˺ˣǡ 
뵽ΪǴٵβŮָоʹࡣ 
ΪʲôҸһʱȴǷתأҲѾһʮħϵ۸ǩˣڱõĿģȻѡҳ֣ԭȵľ档ԣͷβѣصתŻ²ֹٸԴֲſŸֶ 
ȻϵΪҲɾҩˣڵõ֮ǰԤйıӦһУô죬αСۺĿֻţ·ոջڡ 
ɸоѣΣƺʱظ֮ǰ̨ϷĻΡ 
߳ԡŵһɲǣ졪Ŷʲôʱ 
ҵر뵽һĺ⡣ 
ЩЦֻҵʱ˵ⲿֻԽڴʱ䳤ųơϵֻĸǻһ㿼ǣѡ͸㡣 
벻ѾڴˡܿЦ 
Һܿҵ塣Щԥòÿ˭أţֶԼ˵ʧһΣأ 
컹ڼһԥȴش˷ǡ 
ڰⲿֻǰҽӹܶ绰ٵġƵġСǮġģġӵġ 
Ϊеĳˡ 
ﻹǰͲסһ˿һ֣ҵ־Ͳش˷ǡ 
绰еĳ˴ģǸѾС۴ģȻǿԸӵ绰ΨһɾΪ 
ǣ벻İҽԸȻҲܱȲˡ 
£ô㣿Ŷţܼܼôˣ˺𣿡 
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ҾȻøɸɾݺݵԼ 
ˡô䣬·ӵĵʮŲ㴫 
ʲôʲô˵һ飡ҸоѣҪ 
ˡô䣬ƺѾʮ˲㡣 
˭𣿸ң˭ 
£㻹֪ʲôҶ㣬ʰɡ 
һ˵һ飬˵ˡ 
ˡܼˡ 
ܡܡ£֪һ쵰 
ΣҶܽпʵһ 
ǵ죬һ˵ʱҵ绰˵ܼ󣬸ˡһĬĬ棺ֵܣͦţúúûţһûء˱ҵŮˣһûأȱ첲ȶʲôģû¶ûš 
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ңʲôźź飿һǮȴһӣȴ޷å˶ʮ꣬ȴ޷סһİŮ 
ǣǣ·컹һȾƴţֵܣȴͻȻ֪˵Ѿˣ 
ôڻܼ㱼䣬һԼ˵ġ̸ԼİĦгΰŮƭĳ 
˵ɣǿ϶šô϶ϲҳϲˡôɣѵһԣ˵ǰǿȻԼ߻ȥ֪һھʹӦ˵ΪɶأͿС£С° 
 
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أҿһӰӣԼӰӡ 
Ż£һŻ¡ 
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ôˡôˡι 
ܸоԼ¡ʱ죬ҲܸܵײʱʹϾһͬǧ۷ͷ 
ܿ죬ʲôҲûˡ



ʮ ǿӰ

       иҽ˵ȥҽԺزתһȦЩ˵ΣͻףܳԵԼϲʳǿֵģܽػҸġ ˼˵ЩѾȴڵȴûʱ᲻óԺõģʱ򣬳Բ˺õġ 
˵Ļҵʱǡ޳ʱ֡ɲ 
Ȼٴδӵذѹʱ֪Լʱȫˡ˼Ҳֻ˵һУѾղŻµĺɫ˰߰졪Ѫ 
ҵˡҲθҲǷΣҲԣ 
ĳһ죬һԼѾ̨ܿվ̨ĴֻҪһǸĵطйĳ嶯 
Ҳǰһ̨￴飬ºȲ⣬վ̨ϿβǴ١ 
뷨ҾðˣٴλƬУ԰СֵŮͬѧ 
˵ѾʧȥһЩʵĶͨ˶ӵУֻ㲻ܡ 
ѹʱĸֻ졪ȷе˵Ǳѵġ 
ҵɳĽųӣءı䣬δ𡱲ͣӣ͸ζŻԼĺɫЩܸܵһС 
ι 
ôˣղôˣôˤ˵ѽ 
¡˿ɣΪ֮ 
Ҳ֪ôˣͻȻε˵ 
Ż£ղŻˣ𣿡 
ǰɣΪȾƺȶˣҲ˲١Ҳһ䡣 
֮ȥˣΪʲôһֱҵ绰 
ʲôҲûɰ˺ͽ绰ˣ͸ղš˵¶ˣ㡪 
ʲôոѹ´ҵĻ 
ôˣûʲôġֻŻˣЩΣҲΪЩ˵ȥˣ̫ʹࡣҾȻѵϷ˵ʱӦվߣʲôҲ 
˵Щˡ֪Ѿȥˡú޵ģҲ޹ˣԲȥ֪ղŻ赹˽һСʱûƭҵĻ 
һСʱôҰԳԾ 
ɣ 
Ըɡ 
ûƭ㣬ңҴûƭ㡣ǿ 
Ҳȥһ塣Īػ赹һСʱ˺ܵġ 
ϣҺ˵ǸܼȻΪҡ 
ףܼʱ绰ңҲΪ£ҲΪҲΪǵѡ 
Ҳܲ˵ǸĻᣬҸ˵ͼӴֱҪظΣû˵ıҪ𣿱˵ˣҾα 
===================================================== 
ȷʵЩء 
ȣѣε֢״йɵس֡ΣʲôʲôԶ¶١ٴΣҿ־̨ܿ 
ǣûЩ̫¶Ϊʱʳ˯޹ɣټ̾ƲƣܵҺ 
ӦúҲ죬ξͻתá 
Ϊʲǫ̂ܿҾӰ⡪ƺȷʵȥΪʲôڿʱȴ뵽ҪȥҸԼ𰸣ҵأ궼ҪҰɡ衣 
ӣ׸ıһˡʱĸıܲϳɣ߼չǵͨ󱳵ۡ 
磬һС͵Ĺˣǳ㲻ڵʱ򣬴ӴġǣΪ˷ֹ¼ٴηӹ˴ΪͿԶž಻¼ΪӴ˿԰ȫˡ֪һ죬ȴһǿŶ롪 
ԭܼ򵥣ֻ߲С͵ǿС͵ڵǿ 
ֹЩӣҸо״Ȼ뵽վûϰˣ׼׼һǣҸٴһ绰˵ͺСԶٷ 
ߺڿˣ治˶˵ǷˣҾͲšԼֵܣһԼϡ 
˭˵ҷ˰һŮ𣿡 
ǣãܱѰٻҪǿ 
·ϻֱ˵ɣǳԷǲ 
Žзϻ˰ҳԷһܾ 
Ц꣬ҽŸƹҵ绰 
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ģ㣬㣡ûɣ 
ǺǣûУҡ빤ˣ𣿡 
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ĺ̫ܰˣΪˣ 
ҸоΪҸʲôҳʧȥСۣѾʧȥʵ 
û˵ 
һŬģ쿪ʼղ˵ʲôף 
԰Ǹúúףһ¡ô롣 
ûҪơʵһֱ˵ 
˵ˣ֪˺һʱȬѾܲˡңͨ¶֪ǸˡȻʧȥ˵ܲпᣬͣһ£˵Ҳҡ 
ʵ˵лл㡱ģ˵ллơ 
ɣԶٷãҲ˽һԼʱЩʲôϾѾܾûϰˡ 
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Щʱɣ֮ǰҪȥһѡʱһֱչҡ 
ðɣҪ˸ҵ绰 
õģƣлл㣡 
ǺǣãҲϰߣҲϲ˵ 
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ټɣҪȥᡣİ칫ϰ׼áʤúõģҵġ



ʮ ˣԸ

       ٺͺСԷǰϸϸذѼһ ·ӽϴ»ȻԳ¼ϣٰ¼ƽ̨ббڸִɳĽקĽųӣ˿ĨȻڵذһһزãֱذһȾ 
һϣԼɣʱˡ 
ţҷС۵·ºӡ֮󣬽ضѵãͳһڲ¹С 
ЩΪ۵·¶ҴûҪЩѾϸоɵúܲƯ 
ԭ֮⣬۵ÿ·ʱҵҪֳСЩ·ʱΡ 
װģƯ𣿱𿴵ˣҿһ 
װģ²¿·ֵǮλŶ 
װģϴδӦ·ģ 
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ҪʱѾڿյĹӣٴį 
װһˣҵһαʱϣӡڡش򿪣ֻڿ㡣ǿյģҪؼ䡣 
ټɣĿֺˣ 
ҵ۾΢΢ʪΪ֪ԼʵǷܶࡣ뵽ЩѾ޷ֲ 
ûĻᡣ 
֪ʲôõķʽʹԼǹȥʵĸԸؽܳͷԣѡһԼõķʽ¡СеＯȻĬĬظԼϷҲټκιӰӡ 
ֻʣһһԺЦӵ¡ҽȡһЦӺɫĴֶټ 
·Żԭȵĵط 
ĳһ죬һң㵱ôûȥأӦȥңңֱҵû˵ֱȥλҾú֡ʱôأҾã᲻ԭ㡪룬ҵʲôһΡװģ뿪ҡ 
ЦŸǹ˰ɣʱȷʵ⣬Ҳκһ飬ûʧֵܼסֻҪһЩۻΣͻܿйң֪Һ޹ڲǸĲ֢󡣡 
Ҹ޷ͣΪʲôҪôֶǶԶддţҷ·ܼӣһĹӡ 
ҿЩӣƵġ 
ȻҪһĽͣҾÿø˵һ仰𡪡ôôأ 
ΪʱңңԶʱ˵ȻȻѡ뿪ôԶҪٻ 
============================================== 
ǵģʱˡ 
һ׸ɾзٻͷһȻ˵ټɡ߳䣬š 
ϣСͣȰٺȵٱ󱭴󱭵ࡣٲᣬһߡʦʦӦһߺҹЦ 
ЦʲôСЩڡ 
ʦŮǰЦһΪŮˡȻЦ˵ 
ʲô˼٣С⡣ 
ĶҪǺǽܽ𣿡ٹŪ飬Ҫ²¿ǻЦʲôأ 
ЦʲôЦôЦˣ˵СһɻȻҿ˿ 
ʵ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼ǣע⵽С촩Ŵر壬ԵͦƯġ 
¡˵꣬ٺһЦ 
СΣЦ٣ԲأðɣǺȰɣҲ˵ˡÿ˾Բܳƿ 
ȻǺȵơơ 
ѽۺʦãţ˵԰ɣֵܣ˵ţٰͷתҡ 
ǣˡǣǣиɻʺʦӦЦ˵ 
ʰɣʣֵľǻشʡ˸ʲôģѽ 
ʦҾʣ㱧һ¶ʱǲҲʦʦؽиͣҹڻ 
ѽСӣ˵ɩӵ𣿡СͷһƷ˿ 
ţһôЦúСЩ˼ 
ÿƿơƺ󣬺С˵ٺˣ첻ϿΡ 
Ҳǿɴ˵۽ͺƿȣһΡ 
аСӣ˵ĻҺܳԾ˵ʲôʱȹӵľˣҪ룬һˡǣҿԸ㡪ҵģе㵣ģ 
ǡɩӣ԰ҸýкʦģЦЦЩǿʵǳԷΪллǡǶʱ䣬ҹ̣ǣⲻȥжĻҲô˵ҲԸ֪ǣȷʵ˵ллллǡ 
᲻ţٲСҲ˵Ҽˡ 
ˣǱӦʱˡǣҲ˵ø͸Ƶġ֪֣ôͻȻҪǳԷ԰ɣҲǻԾһôͻȻ䣬ͿԸһЦأ 
֪ͺáֱӸҰɣ㵽ôġ˲˽㣬һ˽ȻʵӣȷʵҾú¡Ϊ̫˽ˡ 
Σٻ˸ʶҲԼøղ˵Ļˡղ˵Ļǣҵģе㵣ģ 
ڣ˵¡ 
Ķȥѽ㣿ˡʧȥСۣ˵İţһֳͷܵʵɣʮָۣûҪͣ˵˼ֻ⸶С۵ıѡ֪һʹ࣬ҸӾ߳ܣ֪ʲôų뵽һɲǣҿʼųˡ֪ɣҺһ߳ܣҿԼı΢ġ 
ⲻ⸶⡣Сһ䡣 
˵ٳСһۣûЦ 
С˵ͷٱǸЦЦ 
Ǻǡһ̣ˣһСҲ䣬治䡣Ǵ֪˵˼ҲСۡǴİ顪 
˵ţԼ˸ţһ̧ͷ˿ȴֺСҿ·ܾȡ



ڰʮ ˭봿

       Ƽһ׺øǣLenkaġtroubleisafriendµӵףĩ죡Ǹոòˡš ================================================================================= 
룿ٵ֧̣Ȼݸҡҽӹһڡȡһ֧Լϡ 
ģҰɣˣͣ£ҶƱ۸ɱⱭллкʦллһֱĹչˡô˵Ҷϰߣһ˵ġ 
գ˿̣ܺأ̾ 
һ 
Ҽ˵Ѿ֪һУ˵ˣֻǲȷšϣ֤һСҵĳªͱɡ֪룬һҽ˱˵ļȻ󾪶ŭܿ 
ҲܺСҲûóԾ͸˵ˡ 
ŮǸԶܲĴСʼء 
ôȷأûҵ֮ǰһжǲ²⣬Ǽ룬ǻЦġԲˡ 
ǵ˵Сʹ͸ 
û˵˵˵ûǾʱ˭ûй֪ˣĻˣǸˡ뼴ʹС֪࣬ҲԭġϾ֮еֻǰٺ˵ 
ܿȰұҵƺ˵ֵܣǲ㣡 
СǸʲôˣ̫˽ˣǲԭҵģңһŰѪҺ 
˵ٶžƱ˵ 
ԣ𣿡С̲סֲ졣 
Ҳɡ˿³ȥ 
ȥҲǳԷĿģңң㣬ȷ֮𣿡ͻȻѼ̵ָҡ 
룬ʵ̲סˡ 
٣𣿡Сæվ˵ס 
ʵСˣʵڰûбҪ֮ᶯ֡ 
ǵģˣһУͷȥٵ۾ 
ϣϵһվƿȻҵͷϺݺ統ܼҪҲûʲôΪԸⰤôһ¡ 
ʱϲҿġ 
˵˵̸̨¼ 
Һܰüë̵ϸߡ 
ǣǼɣǻûǶء 
ҺҡͷСҪ 
˸ɴ˵ȥɣߣھȥ 
˵ţװҪҼܵӣŵȥȾͿޣ׼׼ܽһֻЬӵĽź 
 
Щ䣬ҸöҪᡣʱҲ⣬ʲô˵ʲôȫΡ 
أ 
ҵ˼ǣ˵еʱҺ滰ˣҲˣǾ߳ˣǻһ־ڷѾԹСۣȻѡ뿪κλᣬôԶҪٻˡ 
԰ʱˣʵǱԼڲأ׽Ѷ⡣ 
ǣƺܹҡܲµʲôЩڲĵ˼˽ʱʤ˽Լ˽һ 
ԣСȥϴּʱ˵ƭң񲻶ԣʶ㣬ҾúİԸڼʹȥǷҾøʵֻҾİú¡氮һˣʹʱ䣬ôݣ 
ĻҶʱоһѣΣ·һ·пʾڵ˵ߡе·˶ұģĭȴ޷ڸǡ 
ܼˣˣСҲ뿪ˣѾ군ˡ 
Ҳѣҡҡ׹ 
==================================================== 
ٴʱҸоֱЩʹܸоԼѪҺһѪ 
۾һжҾİ׹⻬ǽڣɫĻԼǰ̨ϵһʻ 
Ķ 
֪ĶǲΣѾأôûǵ 
֫ͬ˽ǡ 
ţָоǷ˵ѣΣƺеԴϣһжôƮƮġ 
˰ 
Ƶ 
ŬЦüĿһ˿ǣԵúܼ 
ţֿ˾£ס١С 
Ƕ΢Цһɵ顣Ҳ΢ЦŬؿɬԼܸо 
Ķǣôˣһ٣ 
ҽ˵Ϊƣͣ¼ЪѣΡ˵ⲻֻҪעϢܿͻ 
ƺͺСһͷԲһʵҲҪǵĵͷٵĻκʱ 
ֻעϢѾסԺǼػܰò͸ңϾȥߵϣƽ͡ 
Ľûκ׸͹𣬳һԲʵ鷿 
ԴǺܾûмˡ֣Ҫĸоʱ򡣴ΪѾ̫ûŮˣѹûⷽ⡣ 
ЩһܿĹкϧҸж뱧סûУΪڡ 
ҪסԺҲͦõԳֹۣܾس΢Цлл㣬ܡ 
ʱưֻͻȻˡǸٺͺС˸ƣʾԼӸ绰ͽˡ 
ϷţҼæʣǣҡҵôˡ



ڰʮһ ޷ε

       û¶ŵģһƵġΪƭ㰡û⣬ΪƣˣЩ˥ҪעϢ ҽ˵ģġС˵ 
Ǻǣ֪Լûô׾군ˣܵŸոտʼأҷĵغǺЦǣܡ 
֪ˡ˵ˣʲô֪ѵ飬ǵȵ㿵ʱھ˵ɡҲǺЦš 
һŽֻ߱߰ 
ܣϽع˾ɣǵطȱ㡣οû¶ѾˡǸʦҲȥɣһСϢôСᣬӦİɣ 
һЦ 
ҼȤ˵лʿСôסԺֻ֪ҪһǰťҽԺƯСʿ׼üææ 
˰ɣ㣬ܡģûָָҸűӵ塣 
һЦ 
˭֪أʱҾôˡ 
ҲæոС˵ˣһ¶֪ͨҡ˵⼸ǩ󵥣ӦòʲôرĽҪ顣Ҫ۹˾Ч滹Ƽ¼İɣڹ˾ܴһЩ顣 
СƾһֱطеġСˡܾСΣεĹ˾ܡ 
˼Ҽ˵ǳɣȻȥͷ㣬עϢУҽԺСʿƯġ 
ȻһɵЦ 
̧ӣȥܣʶ㡣ˣ 
һԵĺСҲȥ׽һָ 
Ҳ죬̲סʣǶʶ 
԰ʶ˰ЦŻعͷ˵ 
ʲôʱ¶ôһ㶼֪أ 
㿴ǾȣжɵɣʶģԵʱŶˣֻǾͨһʶġ˵ţٴ·ڴͳǡĸ 
ЦŰҽӹ 
ˣһʱƸҴ绰ˣڳԷǵطǡ 
ٶ˵ءȻתˡСƲŸϣ֣ᡣ 
ˣƣǰرôôνˣ 
£һرʲôҪ˵УҲֻ㣬ر¶ 
˵Ĳ˼ǰһʱ±˼ţôͻģأ 
Ǻǣ㻹ǵð˵ֻΪ㶼ء 
ţԱһֻƻȻִӰ﷭ˮǲǰǰǰڡǰ㲻ҲåôһҲ˵ʵڣϸ룬ı仯󰡡ǵôʶ𣿡 
Ȼǵãѩӣ㼢ðֱưɵİקʱ 
Ƶϳ˺Σܾ¡֣ȻκεơҼǵһģƵİ 
ܿһ̾Ϣд۵ģӣһϲǰ㣬ȻЩЩϽҷģ㲻̣Լأ 
ƻ͵ǰҽӹҧһڡûȥǸҵ 
ҸоůҲܾûĸоˡ 
ʤܣͻȻʡ 
ǺǣˣΪ⸧֪Ѿ̫ûŮˡЦ˵ 
ǣ˵֪ܣ 
ᣬҺܿģرڡ 
᲻ƭˡ 
˵ȥˣȥȻ˫桪 
ҷԼ첻ˡ 
ղĸŵƻԼŵĵطһֻһˡ뵽˭أ 
ŶһˣѵôᶼԼ 
ûʶԼˡ 
Ӻ 
ⲡʲôҴƱ˴˼ˡ 
Ŷۺ֢ɡƷ̧֣ͷ˼ش 
ûи˵𣿡 
һû˵ֲһ˵ӢơôֲӦȷֵġҲ˵ֲȷڹ⣬йôǷøеأ̫ˣ̫ѣҽѧհ̫ˣΪңйڿԸйֲ֢һ֪ΣҿΪ塣 
ЦЦȻЩ˵ 
㻹˼ЦЦܿ˸žӨỨҽ˵ⲡʵͽѣβͻԡԣͨ׳ˡ 
Ǻǣ˵ѾˣЦš 
ǵġ˵ֵĲͨԭԹȣ˥˸УҲЩΡ 
ǵģЩӣҿǵȷʵ̫ࡣͺܺ 
ɽƵĻҼֱЩ˼飬֪ôش֪ʵһֱ˺ֻԼʼղֳ֪Ĭ



ڰʮ ʹҰ

       Ƽһ׺ø裬׳ġڡ⾳͸ĩ죡 =========================================================== 
֪ⲡֽʲô𣿡ʡ 
ɶҲΪȻ϶а֢ 
˼ 
ʲô 
˼ظһ䡣 
˼и䡣 
ѧʱǹЩΪĳкŮ˽С˼ߡ֧Ÿ첲ڿϷʱҾ߹ȥȻһǰơܻͻȻҾҪ˰һ 
Ȼ󣬴ҸҼ壺֪˼࣬ƫƫǣҶǡ 
һ׸ĸʣᳪˡкһߵת뿪ŮͬǻẦߣһʱ޷ſϡءؿޡǺᣬûûεسֱŮúޡ 
ʵЩ֧Ÿ첲ڿϷͬѧûǲϷǵ˵ӡڣҲе˼ 
ôܣ˼˭ˣҸϽΣΪɵ϶֪˼ôһΪһŮοءԣһʱж԰ס 
ǺǡҲѹҲ֪ΪʲôʱҾ˵㣬ûκһֱʼվԼеһ͡ܣԣԸǰڡֻҪܵõҸ 
Ѿʼʣ˵ȥˡƵĻҼǵ˵ 
òƼǿŮˣıǲŲɣ 
ԣԸҸʹҰ㣡Ƽ˵ 
һڵķˣ·˲ˡŤɫƺ˵ʹࡣ 
ƣ˵ҵģѾˣҸԶ˺ңеĴ޹أҾȡ 
ܿ죬˺֮չ 
ǲô˵һΣٴڶΡΣұӦÿƺԼĸ飬ԼЩ˵˺ʲôˣҴ˺ңġ 
˺ʲôơ 
硪 
ʲô 
Сȥ˺Ҳ˺㡣 
ʲô߼ңҪᵽѡ 
Ϊϣᵽͣʣ̧ͷ˵֪ƭҡûѹΪӦǸŮˡ 
ǰڣ˵Ӧֻ˵ڣڣҵֻ㡪ҽԺҡҺãûжҡ˵ںҳϣǰڡҼѡ 
Ϊʲô룿 
ֻ롣 
ҿǵһ˿Թޡ 
Ǻǣ𣿲ɣҲԹ˭Լҳѣܼǿ 
ҲԼûѵ⣬һ롣 
ƣǲЩ𣿡ͼֹ 
ȷʵ˺ҡ 
ơЩŭ 
ðɣǾͲ˵ˣҵƺĨȥϵŭɫô 
ָԼһַֻϣȻ۾ңһ׽ 
ټɣСۣټɣװСۣˣҪ㣬ȴڡ 
ΪʲôڵĻᶼأʹҴˣ⣬ˡǵ𣿵˵ˡҶû⡣ĹȥҲǿȥһжǶԵġأһ 
ҸоЩͷΣƺֻҪһ뵽 
====================================== 
Ƹҽ̸ʱڽӵ绰 
ġӣʲô˶С·ͻȻ䣬Ƕ֪ˣұֳͬ͹Сͬ飬мڹУһǱȽڽܵģϾɲǸζţҽԺԡ 
 
˵ôôʱûϰأԭҽԺȥˡЦЦ˵ǣǸıǮ˵ˣ椵ıǮɲ̣ܰˡˣҾͲ˵ˣϢϢԺʱҹҸ绰ҽȥ 
Ȼġ 
ˣˣǸǹ㣬Ҳ̫˼ˣۡΪ㿴ĸСȻأرæʱͲȥˣרȥ㡪 
ȻסĸҽԺûʣ治֪ôңȥĶңҺܻɣҴ绰ʱľԱšĸҴ绰ʱںšһᰡ 
ⲻĵ绰չˣֻ졣 
ͣ˸ҽ̸عͷʣôӵ绰 
ŶЩۣˡ 
Ǿͱӣ˯ɡ˵꣬ҽ̸ 
ԥ˰죬һǽˡô˵˶ǹ㡣 
˵ˣõ𣿡 
ŶöˡöˡЩȡ 
Ǿͺã죬ȥ㡣 
ллû¶ͳԺˡ 
ðɣעչԼ 
֪ˣæɣټ 
ټ 
µ绰ҸϽػٽκε绰ˡ 
˭˵ͳԺסһӣѣ֢״ԺܳԺҸոҽ˵ĲԺǿѾ˸ҽĽ̸ 
Щ˾ļһҶ֣ôͻȻȫ֪أһִͨ 
ܰôҶǹ㣬ǰǶ֪ȻͲˡ 
㣬ôͻȻ䶼֪¶ 
֮ǰҽʱ򣬸С˵ѽƺҲʶ⡣ 
ôôͿҶо֣ԼֲʲôƾʲôôңǰôͲأ 
ӦòɣСƣ˵Сƻµģ 
ô˵ģ 
Ҹ˵ҽԺһѣ¶Ҵ绰ôˣڰɣƽŽɡ 
ô㣬йʱ俴ѵļ¼𣿡 
θʶˣʱҲûôӰô֪˵ȥҲµأ 
룬ǷͿˡѾ˴ĺº񡣻Ѿ˶Һ֮ϵĲ²ˡҲҸøһЩ˽µܣ뵽ܡ 
磬С˵û㰡ǧϴҪˡ˵ϴαСΪ㵽ˣԲŻôʧȥ 
ٱ磬˵ѪСΪĸסԺ٣۳½İٷ֮ʮʲôѽƶҲû涨˿Сŵȫ⡣˭Ҳû뵽ֱӰˡ 
ʣƶ¹صҽԺҵ飬ȫڹ˾ըˡСüɫ͸¶֪ܵΣĴ绰ʱǵ٩֤ƺܿ绰ǶˣϷʵЦݡ 
һסˣû˵ΪԥϾƺ̫ˣСûʲôһܣǾԲ˵ģǾǣҸղŴæҶϵĵ绰Сδġ



ڰʮ 

       ƺЩأȫʺڵңƹɵЦЦ˵ 룬ûбȻϵ̫ˡ 
ܰɡ֪С˵Ŀ 
ʲʵ˷ġ 
𣿡 
ҲͦƯģ˫۾ܹꡣ¶׵ݣȻڲ²ʻ˼ 
أôϲ죬¶ԼԼ鹵أңջˡҹ˵ 
㲻Ҫңʲôʱ򣿡 
Һ𣿡 
УҿСҪǸңйô˼šң˲ССͣʹ·ԲŶˡ 
Ҳ졪ĥ͸Ƶ˼ˡ 
ģ˰ɣЦͦġʣ𣿡 
ôƺۣһ濴˰ɣ£ֵƲˣңһԾӡ 
ƣͱ񾭹ˡҪƤӵҲ̫ˣûǻ£ûС 
ʵ֪˵ʲô 
Ǻǡ˵ʲôڼ 
˵ 
˵ɣ㣬漱ˡ 
˵ҪҪ˵飡 
ƾƣײ͸һ˵˼ҺšܾԵ㣬ǵš 
Ϊȫ´˼ȫСôǰҵġ 
ǡ 
˵ˡôֱӸҺˣʲô 
˵㾭ڴǰң˵ͦװġЦ 
ɣ˵ңҹȡ 
̸ǣС˵ȱʱʵظһʾڣƺһжȻҿԺȻذʾƣǰô˵ңҲڱǰô˵㡣 
˿̣ҾáСˡƺֱ̫ʺˡ 
档Ҳ˵ģ˵˵šƽ͵ 
֪ǲʶԼ˵Щ滰֮ˣΪƼ˵ɵɵȥ˶ȥǿɲҪ⻰ĿġҪͲлʤˡңѹšʹô˵Ҳţ 
ȫ߼Ļڸң˿ǰô˵˵ʱ򣬾ȷʵ˵ģǧȷʵҲˣʱҵִΣӦ˵ǳзġ 
ҲЩ 
ǣĵһٶزЩ棺˾ˣƻͶ뵽УеоֲƷƹƻ͹淽СΡƵĸ֣ԴҵĹ̬Ⱥʾ⣬ǳ⡣ 
һɣھưɺƳ¶죬СιҵֻҪƵʱô˵һȾƣȻҪҰڸŮѲýˣ˵˭þòζأ 
֮ǰСδ绰ʱرһ䵭 
ʱˣйЩܡ 
̡Ҷ˵ 
Уǲң״ǲ̵ġ 
ǹ𣿡 
ǵģǣƶģƻ̲סꡱЦض˵ֱǰ衣 
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ڶϣһ°ҽԺһ仰ǣ֣ܿҵֵֹġ 
ô᣿һ 
ʱտᣬʰʱ۾ͻȻҡ̧ͷʱȴЦ˵ܣ棬һԸɣҪ΢Цлˡ 
Ҳûʲô 
㲻ףҾüͷ˵ 
ҲǼأ˳ܴСˣȻֻ㸱֡ҺǺЦ 
ȥģϿû˼ЦҾãԹޣ˵ܸо֡ 
ɣСԹʲôأôֱ׵رƾ쵽 
Թأ 
ô֪ⲻѰ˼ô 
˵ָһߵ˵ 
Ȼҵ֧̣һں󣬿ơ 
ôˣôҵôҲֵֹġ 
ǺǣҶһЩĿ𣿡 
룬Ѿ׼ˡ 
ʲô˵˵ 
磬Ҳ˾ѾըˣҺϵۡ 
ô᣿˼Ȼ˵пܣǳпܣҲ¶ˡ 
˵иʣ׿ڸ𣿡 
ʲô 
Ǹ칫˵ҵŮˣ𣿡 
ʲô칫ңҶˣ㲻ֱ˵𣿡Щżһ㶼 
ˣ㣬Ұ˵ɼŮʱҸպ· 
һΪʲôأûû뵽һȻ͵ˡ 
찡һֱҵĻڵõ֤ʵ 
ԣ룬ôҥأҲѾըĹҺϵܣп˵ġǵ˵ʱҾ˵ˣɿȫ 
ϣԽԽԾҷ·һС͵ûû˵ؼԼƻõĲ裬ǰС˵ĹƵۣȫݽꡣ 
Ǳ˵˵ˣοҸ룬Ϳ 
Ȼʱ룬ܸоԼıɡ



ڰʮ ʿ

       ˵˵סԺǶӰɡ ֮ǰбҪȳѧʱĹ 
мѧŮͬѧһɫġΪ͡ҺǴûȡϸ˼һ£ԸϱǩҼ䡪齫˿ˡ͡ 
УмеǡҲ˵ŵɡ 
˵˵齫 
֮ԸǩΪѧʱͻ齫ң齫ҵǿ˵дһǣȥģһɫåҪһ£㡣ţԣĿɵͱͷˡˡ 
ֳû׼޷֪йɵľ״Լ᲻Ӱ쵽ǣͷ˿ɣӦûôأЩΡ 
ңǣ齫ΪԼΪ𣬳ŮѡǿҪҵʱ¶ҪĹ»޹ء 
Ҫ˵ǣ齫齫ҵ̫ǿˡ 
Ȼ԰ϲ˿Ƶġ˿ˡһͶ뵽찵ص齫Ĳȥ˵ҽϹһǵ˧Ҳһǵø齫 
뷨Ҳѯʹԭ˭֪Ұһۣ齫ˣŻ˼һһû˼˯һ𣿡 
Ϊ֤Լ˵û˼ˣҺܿǵС̺ܼ򵥡齫Ҵˡ˿ˡ͡ǰԡ̺˳⡪ҳһ˼ˡңǿһĵĹأ˼ˣһ˼ˣһ 
Ȼ֪֮˳Ϊˣǡȱһ 
齫ǸҵĵˣƼȻ¯࣬ÿδƣӮѵϼأ൱żȻʱҲúܣͣܡҲ¡⼸죬ˡ 
˿ˡǸѵõ齫ţⷽĲܱ֣øл齫Ĳ֡˵䣬˸Ϻڿʼӣǽʳ˱齫ȫգ齫ʼŤΪӯǿƵʵ־ô̡ 
ֵһǣ˿ˡ˿Ƶ룬ԱĲɡΪǼһסУӣͬѧ档 
£ǰÿ˽100ΪѺȻһ˿ƷֳֻɫڷԲ110550㣬˿м㼸㣬һÿﶼ100㣬൱Ѻڡϵ100顣ȴ齫ٵһ 
ùǡ͡Ϊ䣬ÿǺսҹʱԼġܻÿһҹȻǮǴƵƽ̯ 
һ죬͡ڳ˼һʱ󣬴СѽǳԵĺȵĲȫҵ𣿡 
ΪӣΪеӡϰÿ¸㻨Ǯû5000顣ʵϣǮ⣬ΪÿδƺЦ˵оˬ 
ǲͬΪʱʧҸ޲һѾġǣ齫˵˼ĻʱҼҪСڴƵļҲӮ֧ƽ⡣Ҫ̹¾ĿҳϡЩҳ̲ԼǮġ 
ǵƯһҲѧУġǻУѧ˵Ǹҽƴ˧硣Լʱϴ˯ͨϲŵҺսʱָҳơ 
á͡ÿζ̲ס֪Ҷ㻹 
ɲʱܰյҶߣʱóơʱҸо°͵ʱͷҼϡ 
͡ʵڿȥˣ߲˵Ҳˡ 
飡齫͡˿ˡһ˯ȥ˯ԼȥԼᣬʲôӰ 
ϣҲֻϴ˯һȥһӣ齫Сظҡȥϴƨء 
Ҵûǵеκһָͷ齫ʱָͷӦúġʵҲԸ˵ָͷֻϣģΪҲþϲһֱû˳ȦӣҲԭ 
ҵǰϦ齫ǡåˣ˧ˣ齫 
һΣŻᣬҸ˵ϲ̫ˣŮѰɡظңͻΪ׷㣬Ǯֽգһʲôˣ 
ҵؼҺ˵齫ǲͣػѣΨһûб任ǿȰ齫ҵģ˿ˡҵ󣬲μ˹ԱԣһŮ٣ңڵС͡׵İ£һҹģĹ˾֮ɹУ𽥳˵һָġ޸㡱ƽǱҵĵڶ꣬˳˻ʿһٵġʹ 
ǰ꣬˿ˡذ참ʱ·̸ˡ͡Ľ˵͡˵ҡң벻¼һ¡ΪʱС۵Եʣ˵ˣлǸɡ 
ߣ˿ˡң˵㵱ʱϲ¶𣿡 
ûУôأ˵ 
Ҳ²⡪ǡ˿ˡ˵ʲô 
֮ΪʿиһֱҶԻʿûøСԭڣ˵Ļ£̫ˣﰮʱΪʱҵһ˵Ļûȫ޲ã˿м 
סԺЩӣÿ˾ǻʿǴ룬ǴΣҪǸҽѯ״ 
ˣﵽòƵĻʿ 
ȻøлƣͽȫõҽԺ 
ʵϣƺΪʵѲֻ°ҡ죬һһ˴ţ顢˯˯ʲôġˣĻʿС 
ʱһ·߳ҽԺ˵Ϊмϲţۼ¾졣ǴŲỵ̂ȫͯģΪϲȺͷһûôġ 
ϲ죬ǵطסԺڼ䷢ֵΨһĿ¾ĵطңЩȣľƵΣ濴̣оüˡܱȴڲǿ 
ǣ˵лʿҪ



ڰʮ ʿ

       ӡУʿԷΪ࣬һŮʿһǳŮʿңһΪѡʹĹ⻷ڻʿͷϣǼֱǳ ʹʲôĴʹߡ 
Ƕ˵ŮʿΧʹѡģŮʿѹͲסӴǶ˵໤ʿ롰ʹ̫ңԶ˵ҪﵽҪŮʿͳŮʿҪͬЭЯֽһꡣ 
Ҽ˵ 
ƾһɫŮʿ׾Ϳ԰ѳŮʿԼĿֻһ裬ҽǵɽկˡ 
ԣŮʿǸҽһ鷿԰ԼС顣Ǵʪڿ㣬н᾵˫ȣŷɧ΢ЦˮضЩΪܲʹĥŤ꺮ů 
Ǹӣ̵ƨɾҽǵ飬ȻΪʱܿܲʹĥоע۲죬ôִᷢڱ¶Ű׻ϣдһֶ; 
ŮʿܵӰʧԼǾԼĵˣåҲǿ鷸ǺԼһʹװŮʿ 
Ǽʰûͷûԣǵأ 
ŮɶͿɶִҪԼĳªŤһҡڳǷͬǡʹͬŮˣƾɶҾǸ޹ӣԣżʱҲܸЩ¹һ鷿ʲôģҲѲĽ顪üϴԸ⡪Ƿ̫Ƶġ 
ö֮ǵ齩ŤñȰ֢ڵĲ˻ҪŤ¹޵ĲмԼŮʿ䳰ϴѹǱͲ飬ʹǲҪйԸ 
ǣڹУһʵ˵㲻ֶǸơǻֵũ˵ʲôûŮһڿŲԸĺ˵״򲻴򣿴㡣 
֮ʿӡ͸ħС˵еĳ෢Ůħû𣬸̸ϡʹӡ󣬾ͺʹҶҽϵͳо⡣ 
ҶԶɩķҲԴڴˡ 
ɩͨҽʱÿ°ؼңǽп಻ϰɧϣʮһԹ˲ŭҲȫЩΣǼǵõġҶź·ҽԺź˱ˣؼҾ͸õõҵź 
============================================= 
סԺºѣε֢״𲽼ᣬҿԱ߳ɢ 
Ǽֵҵ飬԰Щ˵ĻʿΪҽԺУҲûһģ㲻ĻʿԸıҶԻʿСһʱվԼǰüĿѵõ㣬ɵժ¿ȻܷΪ΢Ц¶棬ȻճƬҶ 
ǵˣһҪ϶ҽԺǳŮʿ԰ɱƮǴЦƭ˰Ҫѭ׷ȥȥһʿͬ־ôعͷģһŲഺӵ 
ѵľûһ۵ŮʿϲԵһŮʿɣֻҿһۣҲȷ߻õĴڡ 
Ҫѵ 
ǱȥʱʱֻһֱûꡣɣҽԺ˵ȱߣȱǼᰮͷǻڼжԶ˸ɢ֣һţ·һȺͯ 
Ƕǲţȴվӣ˵ĻȤľּϸɲƽ׽ˣûжļӡָ߸ͷеһҽࡣ 
ϲС¾ϳ£СƫƫϲЦǺǡЩϸɲԵñ΢˵һ߳ݹˣΪ಻ãŤϱТ˳Բŵ 
ǣûиߵ͹֣֮ûС֮֡ 
Լ·Ӳһͷ˵ʱܾԼ񣻶ڣףԼֻһˣпԳطð¾죬ྶ 
ӽˣɱ̾죬㿪ʼ졣ʵϣΪ޴ȥ͸ǻúˡ 
ϳأϳôûͻȻ⡣ 
ҲǸƽʱЦǺǵͷû 
˵ڴϣǶϱιأЦ˵һЦ 
ǿܡ磬Ҽϱˡ 
ǶϱǹɣĽ˵ 
ŶһȸղŵĻҪĽ 
ʱȵڴʿ˾ռߵͬǣǲûаͦأҲû̸Цǡǡ෴һǰһ˼硣ߵһʱǰĻʿԲˣĹĵؽƨɷŵϡ 
ҵøлΣøл˿ϵƨɣΪҿںĻʿӡźȷʵʹС԰ΪǴٵβŮ 
˾ˣƴסҵ˫ۣŵҳһ亹 
ʲôأɿ֣Ҷʡ 
ûûʲô 
Ƶ֣Ͻ뿪 
Ϊ˫ʱע⵽Զʿ̧ͷ



ڰʮ ְͣ

       ôôˣ˵Ҫٵ𣿡ұ߱ơ ˭֪أͻȻˣЦ˵˼飬֪ϲϲ 
ҽӹ֣˵лл 
ôлֶ 
㻹ôлѵҪ˲ɣҹЦС֡ 
ЦţƺȻ˦ҵ֣ҵ 
һ̧ͷһٺͺСǰ治Զһ·ѯʲôţ㳯ⷽһָ˳ָȻϲЦտش߹СлҲһС鲽š 
ĸأ֪ôɡٱ߱ߴ˵ 
ҺҲĵǰ 
ٻԷһȭƺͺСҲ˴˽ӵȻǿҪȶˡһˣߡ 
˲ƺͺС᲻÷֣һԵϼʳ̡ 
Сңôôأɶϵ 
Ů˲ô 
ʲôϵ˵ţٳŬŬ졣 
ҹЦ 
װҪŭüëšɵˡֶ˵ǰɣ 
˾Ĺϵظ˳ٸؿһȭ 
ƺͺСͷתǣһʲôأôģ 
ҺһЦ 
Ůˡ 
ҪǵЦ˭֪һƬ 
˲Լͬüͷ 
ţ˱ѵԼֱ֮ 
ô¶ʡ 
ȥ˵ţپſȥСҲųȥ 
ţҵӲۻʱĺ죬һ˺ѷεĺſҲˣһŮ˵ġ 
ǳȥɣơ 
ȥˡҲڷأҺ¡Ѹ߽Ȼҵ촽ˡ 
ˣǾŴϼɡһǣ§ 
һٺͺСˡװȥʰϵ鱾˳קק·ءЦΪϻԵ糺졣 
һͷڲڣһҶ˭ҲȥȰ 
ܿ촫һͷĺ 
ĸ䣿ƹʡƺֻҺܲ⣬Ϊͨ£ǳ 
406Ѿúܶණˣܿ¡СԽţԼŻش 
ʲôӵͷʡ 
һСͷ˵ 
ҳԾѵϳ£ãΪԭԺİ 
Ʋǳȥ 
406ſڡ 
ҽԱæµţذϵͷƺһϢʱس鴤šһԹŸ30µŮˣƴſšϣһƬǽ壬鲣м 
ͷǱˣǾЦǺǵϳ¡ 
ܿ죬ƳҽŬذӵ̧ȥѾֹͣ˳鴤·ʬһ㡣һ׵¹ģҽɵ֣໥һ£Ȼ¶˲ײļЦƳѸ뿪ŮƤЬҲ 
ץҵĸ첲˵ 
ȥƳʧڵſڣҸ˵ûлͷ 
ǲȥɣ˵ȥҲﲻæҽءߣǻȥɡȰ 
ٺͺСҲͷ 
ͻȻ406űײţһŮ˷һܳٷһݱȥղǹϺſ޵Ůˡ 
תͷʱҸеѣΣٿءһ¡ 
סҵļ򣺡ôˣ𣿡 
Ұڰ֣û¶û¶ 
Ůվһš 
ͷҲǵģԼ಻ãʲôƢ 
Ƣ湻ġ 
֪ʲôܿġ 
֪ 
Ҳ˵ġ˵Դϰǰ֮󣬾ëҿϱТ˳ͰŪȴӣ 
أô 
԰㻹ҡҲǵӺû 
˵һСŮˣҪղŮˣӶʡ˵˵ʲôأ 
ʲôѽ̫˰ɣ 
ŮҲѵãҪңǵøɫ 
ɶɫ 
ڳЦ 
ҲҸСˣˣȥɲԼ 
ǣҲᡣ 
ӣҲ̫ˡ 
 
˵ʵڣҵʱȥǣϳΪʲôᷢ𡣱Ͼȷʵû֪ΪӡУЦǺǵģûκηա 
ԥŮ˵ˡ 
ڵ治Ķˡ˵ǼǿӰɣԭȫҵģﶼûˡסԺˣҵĺҲ°һãû׼ҪȥҰˡ 
ҲˡֻҪÿ°ѹʽңҵţˡʱˣͷһסԺѶָϱ˵⸣һŮ˸ͣͬ顣 
˵ͷ᲻ϱ 
㻹ǻڵ°ɣ˭˵˵ļء 
̾һҡҡͷɢȥ 
ϣǣҲҵ֣˵Ҫߣ̫ˣҪˣ㣡 
ҵͷſ֡ 
ߵſʱһȥӺ汧ס壺ƣˣңҪ㡪 
ǵǼҾưɵİҲģһǡʱҺܳ嶯Ϊ屾ܵĴ̼Ҫڣûдֻ̼ҪҪңʲôҲΪ뿪֮һ˵ 
˭֪Щʲôأ 
ʰʱҽڳȥ̡֧ 
ߵ¥ͷ˿ڴְֻ֮Żȥ 
һ֧̿ȼˣﻹò⣬ȴ༱ææӵһҾʣϳأôˣûɣ 
Ұθ˵ˣο˵û¶ģҽͻʿءǾȥˣҲ 
꣬δ˵ʲôкû򣬾ҡǷֵ壬Ҫ»صݡ 
ҵȥǿϻơĺ󱳴 
ȵŹʱҲԥˡ 
ǣͳֻͨˡ 
ô㣿أʡ 
Ϊʲôң 
ô࣬أ 
˭ 
Ұ֡ 
ȥຣˣ˰ɣߵʱ򡪡 
ʲôȥຣˣϡ 
ǰߵʱ򣬻ͼһܡ 
Ŷĸף·ˣ 
ҵ۾ЩģɳĴϣһ¶ͷԼʹθӣǵš 
ְ֣ͣӦߵ·ǿЩĶҲüǿ 
ܿˣ㲻ߵʱ 
֪ܡ 
֪ˣˣǶʱ䣬ֻôϹػ 
ûʲô˵״ 
ðɣԼġ 
Ҳǡ 
ҹ˵绰 
ӵ绰Ƕɩ



ڰʮ ҪȢ

       ˯ǰңǶûһˣ þ˰ɣԴӡ 
û˵ȥΪʵڲԸ漰ǻ⡣ 
㲻Ҷ̫ãԼסɣЦ˵ 
ȥģå˭֪Сţ˵廹ûȫ¶áЦţûкΣΪûˡ 
и˲֪ 
ЦҲǡ 
˭ 
һΪҴٵŮ 
ʲôʱ򣿡׷ʣܺ档 
ʱѧУ 
Ҳϰ߶Ƹ˰ôĳŵıȻʧ 
ɶҶûڣҪǰЩõ˵Ϊʲô 
Ϊڱ䣬Ҿá 
ûУԭǸңı䡣 
Ѿڱ䣬ʵҵϣڱ䣬ȫİһˣӦΪԼ룬ôҡҡͷ֪ΪʲôҾýĳһ죬עҪҶȥҲһ֮㲻Ƕ𣬶Ҳ޷ҵ㡣 
˵ơҲ뿪ģܽΣҸҶ췢ģʲôûУûġҵΪ 
֪ΪʲôţͻȻͰûͣ˵һԶСţ 
ԿȷʵЦǼǾ䡣Ҳû¶ϣŽ׵ݣʹҺȻãԼһʧߡߣһߡ 
ҲܲµͻȻԭͬܲµ֮ǰڿʲô 
ҸҶ췢ģʲôûУû㣡룬ڵȴ仰 
ƫƫû˵㡱ѡˡġңܱ֤˵仰ʱȫѿڶûκζ˼ 
иڶ߻죺ԣԸҸʹҰ㣡ʱ˵ֻҰ㣬ֻ㣡 
ȰˣȻӵ档 
ٺͺС˺ư 
ܺðǿܰ䡪 
㣬ǻ᲻Զమ 
ģһġȻǲǺ죬ǴʱĹ۲ٺںȫֻ٣𣿡 
˵ǺܶԶȥ 
ǵģҼš 
Ҳǵİֻһ̡ʼ룬ڵİж񡣡 
ôأƵ۾Ϳ޹ء 
СϲֻͣǸжˣΪСһָж֪Ҳû֪ 
˵ʲôڰʾʲô𣿡ƺо衣 
ʾ찡ô룿˵ٶԺСİֻǸжҶİȴ 
ʲô 
㿴ҵ۾ƺƣҪȢ㣬ҵӣ 
======================================================== 
ģѾܹˣܹǸκλڵСۡ⿴еʹ඼ҪʹٱΪһ˵ҹҪֻԭ򣬻ΪǸڻ԰ΪǴٵŮ뵽ʹЦʱҵңŶʹҵΣ 
ףЩԼĵ׵ҺͻȻȻظȥҪ֪ȥЩ˺Ҹ˵ġҿԵֿһУҵֿԼѾ˽Լⷽ˽Լֳη 
ҲҲԸصȥЩ̫ʹ̫尾˵Լȥ𣿶ڣҾСݾǵҽʮ˰㿽ĥΪԼµһ룺סԺĸоȴСҪȤöࡣ 
ǶǹȥѾᡣңڵңһŮ˸ҵİһֱûиıʱ޿̲ڹҡǣңʱܿɹǣҵһСëСƢҸıԼϣһһоİԶ֮֮ȥȵ˵ףҸΪҵ̰ԸڣܣԣԸǰڣֻҪܵõҸ 
Ů˾ơ 
뵽СΪ¶ڿǱ뵽¥ʱįȻıӰ뵽˵ʲôˣ 
ŮܻԼЦһʱʧ̬ 
ɽ죬Ѿټȥ޷ٰšҴôˣǾţ۲ݣʱЩ⡣ǣҲ˺һҵŮˣȢһС 
ǡ 
ʲô˵һ飿𣿲ˣֱ̫ˣԲУУԲС 
ǣܸΪʲô𣿡 
ûΪʲôǲУ˵ˣ̫ˣմ䣬Ѿҿҡ 
ң֪ԭ򡣡 
 
ƣңΪʲôҲȢ㣿 
ұ̫ˣǸʣֻĽ㡣˵ˣҲʲô 
ƴҡͷʮָۣŵİ˶ﰮС 
ǣûдܸУΪ֪ңҲһֱ˵ֻһ٣šҲҲرϲС𣿿ǣ˵ȥҼҴʱҲҲʿ˵ˣúðɣףǡ 
ǣҰ㣬ֻ㡣Ҳ֪㰮ңӿʼʶ㣬һֱڡƣȢ㣬á 
˵ˣǾԲܵġԲҵˡ˵ţҲң׼ҪߣҺһڽŵĿ 
ӦҵġҲվס֡ 
ѣҲתͷһ㲻˵ɵˣ𣿡



ڰʮ Сţ׹

       ҡҡŲĴȹ̣ûз֨֨졣ǳãҿԲصΪظ˵һŴϽˣ֮ǰϰߵһˣ˻ڡȻ黹ûнУǼпܷҲԶ ֮ǰƾܾңҲټ˵ҴӦˡѵʶ벻Ҫѧʱ齫Ȧô򵥣Ҫһ̡ƵʹԼʵһ̬ԾĬ͵飬תΪܰ顣 
Ҳܳܵ͵飬ֻ׶Σûпǹ֮ǰ˵仰˵ǣ֮лҪʱ䣬ҵøʱ䡣 
ôǰе飬ҡԼ˵ԭҲΪҹҪһŮˡ 
ԣס˵ãҲ˵ˣңҪ㣬ǽϡҿɱεҡͷȻתƣرסҡ 
======================================================= 
ʲôƹ⻬ûȺȣҾһȦʡ 
׹ڲϵһĶ屧ס˵𣿡 
ôҲϲСŮأЦϻϵЩСճŵʲô 
ЩСţԳԵЦ㣬СţҰǹ䡣 
ƵƤôϸỬȥĸоܺãǰһǰһǣһȦߣϵźܶСţ 
ʲôʱŪȥģô֪ 
 
úõģ̾ʲô˵ɡ 
¶ʱ쵣겻ʱϣԱ 
Ұ§ʲôҲ˵ʲôҪ˵أ 
ܣԣԸǰڡֻҪܵõҸ 
֮ǰ˵仰 
ڶһ磬컹Ʊ㼱Ҫ𴲣˵˿ɲá 
˭ῴǲǾ͵ܹ񫣬Ǹо 
ʤ仰𣿲˵ʵشҵЦ 
У˵ɣұ֤˵ʵ 
Ҳˡ 
ʰɡ 
ҵСۣ㽫ӡǾԲܵģʹ˵ĶﻰȻҹ֮˯òá 
ƣ˵ò𣿡 
˵ĶĻҵģҲẦ㡪 
ϰˡҴ 
㲻ˣӦҵġ 
ûˡѡ 
ӱ۾Ȧ߾ǰ˵żֻСţ״һжô߲ŵ 
============================================================= 
磬ġٴ½绰˼˵̫æˣȹңһ˵űǸҸǣǱˣΪúܺãϾ׼ؼҡ 
֮ҽԱв鷿ɷǹĵǣЩͷ 
ܿ죬⵽ǵıһ۾СʿŸ˵ôˡֻת¿ӣ¶ƨɡ뼡ʱǹЦţƨϵġ 
ЦУǴ۾СʿЦΪ̶ǵøǰҰèһ 
ǣұ룺ҽĿתضŸӸҴСʿСʿ̻¶ŵװҴӡһţΪ¶ƨɶš 
ɱΪǶǣΪǩתͷʱſߵҽ䲻Ѹٵ˰ǰСʿƨɡ 
ţҵ۾ЩۣжƵģҽסҪ 
˻飬Ҿǣȥࡣ 
ϳأ룬ȴʼղܽЦǺǵŵڵϳ鴤ϡ̫ܶԽˡ 
żһ뵽ǹڵϺſޣַ֮豼ŮˡԣһĿˡǸΪɷһСŮˣԼӶܲˡȴ޷˵չű˵ĸף͵ȫõҽԺ 
죬Ҽǵءˣֻǵڵϵʹˡһʲôأ 
ʤˣÿɰˣ 
ɰô˵ 
ΪĿʼůҸоˡ 
Ϊʲô 
һͷ˵Ѿһ޹ϵˡ 
ϰǰҵһζԻҲûֻǲܽϳһЦǺ֮ͻȻڵʱǾһȤľ졣 
ȻƲ֪ЩԣŻô˵ 
һһԼ޹ϵİ⼸ǲܵġ 
ǣܿ죬־ȵطԼȷʵڱ䡪ϳȷʵһϵûа 
ȻҷҺ⣬һЩ顣 
ȥȥ·ϣҽӵٵĵ绰 
˵¶ 
˵ɣء 
Ҹۼҹˣһ˾㿴ô 
ⲻڵ͵ѿӷƨһ𣿶ˣҸ𣿡 
ǺǡⲻҲ 
˭⣿ 
ģܿ죬ʶʲôҵģǺǡҾˡ 
ˣҼԣ㲻˵һֱæƸ𣿡 
ˣʧˡ 
ʲôʧܰ 
˵ûͨƸˡ 
ɣһС˾Զûͨ 
֪ʲô˸˵ۣȥңʱʽ˵ܵġ 
԰ܶ˵⣬ʵĻ½еĺڰǣҲйǻᣬֻǸտʼ 
ԣϲ仰Ҹ˵ġ 
ǼҹͬҹͬģɱһʱѪȰ˼ 
֧ҵģңҲĿǰΪֹӢľҪ˵¶ǣңֵһɣ 
˵ɡʱظɴ͸Źɺݾ 
ɣһͷ绰ϸϸҵȥˣ쵽ˡ 
ժ˵绰һķ䣬Ϊš 
֣أɲȥ¾ʱ䰡 
һʿſдʲôʱ̧󣬲ͷʱӡ 
ұʹ뿪ͻȻ俴ǻʿβ衪Ϥòǡ 
ʣⲡأ 
תͷһСתҵνΪġ 
ŶʹҵΣ˿ǰ



ڰʮ һκ

       վЦãȥˣӦϾͻ ˵߰ӳң˳ʾҿŸһʹ˵͵ЦǺǡǺǡȡ 
룬ʱԼǿˣȻ͵Ц 
͵Цδģָ촽ϷȻͷȥԴɬЦǺǡ 
 
ţתȥȴڳԳԵЦ·һŵζѾټš 
ѵûϴ𣿻ʲôƣ԰ǵóʱϴˣչӣ˵ģұ߱롣 
ҳһС𣿡عҲѿЩŷ´ſϵĸ첲ֱߡ 
ǵġɣϾͻˡûлͷңֱֻ̧󣬸˵ 
ţʼȥʰ̡ǴѾ룬бҪӡ 
ѵʶң֪סһСģһǵչ氡Ҽ˼ 
Щˣ 
ɣҾ˵ţһƨǰŵϡ 
ָϸ޳°һֻͷβƽͷĶػƣˡ 
ƺҪתˣҸϽջ̰ߡҵؽߴϳʶصͷװؿŵ棬װڰصȴӡ˭֪ڿһ˲䣬۾ҵ֮ǰ͵Цҵԭ 
أˣԼҪЦɶţ̹Ȼظעˣ죬ȷʵڿˣڵ״ġȻҲ 
ǣҸϽվתȥȻôСƵģΩ϶ġ 
ߺСˣôˣ 
ЦЦЩ죺û¶ء 
ͬʱҲתͷβ˦Ժ󣬸ʹһЦȻӭ˵ˣŸһء߰ɣȥˣѾһˡ 
룬ܸҵõεķʽΪĻʣʲô飿첻Ǹ𣿡 
X߼飬Ǻ˴Ź飬һġḧҵĴԵÿһ񾭡 
ǺãСŰ裬ҸС˵䣬Ȼȥ㿴𣿡һº͵ЦڸԼҵŮЦ 
ҲһЦܿ콫Сšĳƺڼ 
õģ̸ɣȥ衣ص˵°ͣȻҺм䴩ӵ崼㡣 
ҸմϳԲȶϻƣǿúܡ 
Һ¡ӿڴͳ̣򿪣ȻݵҸǰʾңһ֣ȡ֧Ȼݸһ֧žһҪϡ 
ﲻ̣ 
͸࣬赽 
ֻܱߺȲ̸ˣǺǡôͣһֹۣȻںԼϹͷǵð涨¡ 
ֻ˳ӵ̴Ȼ̧ͷֱң·ڼලԳϸӡ 
ܿ죬֧е̣±Ż̺һûաһӵĳϳתǣߣ 
ǰСôһõҵۣ飬ӹ׶Ľ顪װʲôɰ 
˿̣˿û뷨ҵܺã뷨򵥡ҲãΪ˹涨 
룬ʱұˡ 
ԣΪдҪڲ֪ȫ֮ǰҾ͹СʹɣҺúý顣 
ʹ˵Ĳͬڣǰ񣬺һϲ˻ϲߵʹʱ۾Ӱӡ 
治˵ߴֱѼеĴˣҪֱ͸ˣϳಡҲǱġ 
Ϊʲôʡ 
ĲΪʲô˵һŮ˺ˡЩĻ죬֪ԺζġҪĲЩסԺ⡣ϳ¶ϱ˵ǾҪԺˡһôãûмˡһӣƵסԺķöȥԺζġһǶϱɹ»Ϥչϳ£Ϊ˰˵ϳֽܳȻͬķ𣿡 
û˵ðͷŤȥ֧ϥϴ·˵Լ¶һԵʹϽɱϵĲ豭˸ࡣ಻ɱͷ 
Ҵӿڴͳ̡Σʹƺ˹涨ֻһѡҽڵأҪ˵ɣ 
һ˻ţҪġʲôҪԵԼģȥǰ˵ĻҵʱУû۾ȥʹ 
ȥ·ϣӵƴĵ绰 
ʲôҡ 
ɡˣƣӦÿԳԺ˰ɣоѾǳˡ 
ǻҪעϢۣѣ֢״Ḵʱ䣬ƾһרҵҽҵĲָơ 
ԺˡҵùָҵһС 
úúãҸҽ¡ñ֤һеҽģ˵ܳԺǾͳԺ˵ܣҪһʱ䣬ô 
ɣȫġ 
ʤ˾ڿҪԱ 
Ϊʲô 
ΪЧ⡣мɶʣܹ˾ڲЩҡ 
Ҳ涨˵޹Ϊʧҵ𣿡 
涨ǹ涨а취硪 
罵нȽн 
ԣҹһ취 
ôԱأ 
ְԱǳûЧֵĲš 
˵βԱҲˣ 
ǣʵϾԲܡ 
Ϊң𣿡Ц 
ʵϣҵһοʼ£ʧȥȻҵѾҡңиԤУǾǡһͨβԱᣬСˡ 
ǲпģȻپ嵽ÿһҵļͥϳµһӡк˼ͥļͥټӾĲпᡣеǸ޹ŮˣȻǸûκʵʹϵ 
ʵϣԼͥĲпᣬҲİһ˸Ϊ޷ֲпᣬƺٴڼܵΨһϢұ۾ܻǶҵĮӺ̬ 
ǣһֲпȴʹԼо¡˵ǡҪָ˲пᣬһֱеСˡ 
찡ʤ֪ʲô 
Щ



ھʮ ǰ

       ϣվΪæûܸҴԵġ˵ܹ˾ĲԱڽУòʱ䣬ʮӺ󣬻齫ҹĻм 㽫õܵرʾΣƿĵ˵·Լ˿Ŷ裬úŬɣ 
в֪ڵ绰˵˼ָ˵ܴ콫ҵȥиرʾʵԾС 
ѵңֵأرʾĵֻ˵ڰŬĽɡˡ 
һʼһԣģ塣ʱ뵽ܴʱͺʮѿ 
֮ҲݲݳЩʳϴ顣½ںͻȻڰʱҵͨ 
Ķôô 
ڳԷأڳԷ 
ЩĽ˵ôҲ̫ˡ 
ǺǣãҡϡҸ˵飬㿼Ҫ˵ֵܣˣֱɣҲẦԼֵܡңҲҪעһӲңҸٷ֮ʮĸɹɡ 
ôôţ㣬ʽأʽôңǼҹǸǧ̵ĶŮ 
һʱ˵ġ˵ɣʲôҲģҼѾ׼һУ͵·ϻˣǱ߻ڵأֱӸңɣǲɰɣ 
ǣҾ͸˵ʵɡԼֵһɡһ𴳣ڲ뿪ҹ˾֪ͺСһǷһ˺ܶ࣬ԳԣҲ뿪 
ЩԾܿ˵ˣǺðɣҲǿʼնŸλã֪ֵ֪ܣҲãƴȥɱƬٹɣѪţǣֵһɣҾе 
ԣߵһжȻ仯šͻȻ䣬ҷִҶδԼɻ졣Ҹо𾪣·Ѿ׺ɣ 
¸ҵϢǣѾ¿һҴ;ưɡ˵Ѵǰ 
ҺйҼ뻹ˡһ˵ڸһô˽ˡң˵α˵Ҿα 
ڣҿɲǸ˽ˣϾ˵ЩʱҸо䶼Ǳġϣһ˳ϣٵ˾ΪǶҵѣ 
ٹ˾ҵ죬Ҹһȥϲ 
֮ǰҺһ𷸳ͷʲôأ 
ڹ˰ҵֺƿһƽı 
˵ϲ𣿡ƱˢЦҡ 
ȻҾһһˡⱼɣɣҿŶᾢپˣⱼҰСİãٵԸ񣬺С֪ 
ţһͣһԵĳ 
˳ڣϵϱպͷʣҪҪٸ͸ʲôģЩ 
ãҺ֮ú 
ƵתͷȻһߣ׼˳λ 
ʶذǰĿڴи׼ٵġ 
СݺΨһұҺС۵ĶһǮǵȫҵ 
һǵһǮΡ 
ۣôɣ929ҵҮ 
Űǵģ֪Ǵҵġ 
ǰǹͬĴСڵڶͰһŴۣڵڶΪڣǡǵġҽҵֵܣҪҲܴҵˡ 
·ϣӵĵ绰 
ǹ˯𣿡 
ĶҲæôѲˣȥǶ˵¶ 
ɶ¶ãɣԶٷ 
ɣʱҸ绰æȥ 
û˵ʲô͹˵绰 
СӣＱҶŵ绰Ρ 
˭ 
һϼҵѣ˵Ҫ 
Ǻðȥк 
ɶϵ 
ѰҶǺǡ 
ư˵ģȫʶˡʱᰡһС 
Сأʱôˣ 
ʱʲôأһ㰡 
ͺɣģҿ 
𲻿İ˵ģǸǣǰҡҺȻҵңڻ͸ãְɣ˵ȥЩ¶ɶ˼ 
ǰʱ죬⺢ڳˣ 
ģδ壬ƺͽȥʱһԼ۾ΪʲôֻעĽź 
Ѿ·ѾЩ˿ŮͰĻľݵ룬κݵ֦ҶÿʮףпĵɢŲױ֪ζ 
һУٵˡ



ھʮһ ҵ

       ȥٹ˾·ϡ ǵĹƣһָŴ⡣ 
еĺֵܶԶĹƣͨ档ϣɫְҵװЦݿضÿע΢Ц˵ġ 
춼۲۰꣬˼ɡ˵ǹ˾鷳ϣ𣿡 
Ҳû취ڿеģʽƺˣǵ龭ϿͻԸеİװɣýŲĹȻҪý۸¿ͻķչϼѣһʱ䣬ǿͻ񲿵ҵԱֻŵ绰ҡͷ 
ҵԭ𣿡 
ΪľѸ𣬶ҶĳЩҪԱߴð˴̣൱һֺǱֳںҵ񶨵 
Ǿ˵ǷվڿͻϣһڲƵ⣿ 
⣬ȻǹĿǰⲢ¼תֱµĹؼءҸұ֤ǵĿͻɾҵҲʼսͻڵһλýܡ 
ǣ֪ǵĿͻȡýշϣԿͻڲΪԻؿۣԴؿۣѾΪЩȷýΨһ׼ֲ͸İΪѾӹ˾ڲȻֻ˵УǴⲿĴСʮ걣ֲ䡱ƣİѾ߱µΪѾģҶԼλˡȽ϶ԣǾ伤ҵļҹ湫˾ǧһݣǽڲгȫӹ죬ûõֻܼ࣬иõܼࡱѪҺѾע뵽ÿ˵ڡôˣ 
˵ţƽͣ·ߣȻҡ²һʿһŸʵҵ¥˵û뵽£һоͶˡǣ֪ЩлѾܾˡڲתģʽڵ⣬Ѿϱܹ˾һֱûȷĻظ 
ΪʲôܾģûܲţѵҪرҷֹ˾𣿡 
룬ڶ»ڲûеõ֮ǰǲ۹Ͷŵǹ˾ģǵ·Ҳõӡ漴ĲԱϢ͸ˣҶ۷׷ף˾Ҫ֧顣 
ôһֱûиңøңƣץסڷϵ֣˵Щƣ𣿡 
ԼãЩֹ˼ 
Ҳûõġ˵ʱҵĵ绰ǳ¶Ҷϵ㣬Ϊһֱںҡֱ죬ʵ̲סˣָ˵绰ȴǸİ˵Ǻǡ١˵ͻȻεҲ¡ 
룬롪 
ʱȷʵԸκ˵ĵ绰һֱɳԱߵĽ 
Щ飬Ͳ˵ˡǻȥɣҵĺӡʱ䣬˵ 
ƿ˿ңȻ󼷳һ˿΢Ц˵ðɣھȥʱٸһ顣 
ϱպϣǰ 
ٴδȫɢ¶緢ЦллװǣٿٵصĵһҲҴʱ̡Ҫӣ˵ȫйÿ䣬ÿ˶ס 
˵ţٻһָпӶɵӣдšƺ˳޹˾ 
ǣȺ˿ʼ٣ȫйȫء 
漴ĿҲȺһڡ 
װһµİ칫ҺơٺͺС˸߲ҵҸ˵ʲôСأǵĲأϽȥʦ 
СϽշµƨ̧Ȼϲ̵ȥ衣 
ʲô٣ֲˡҲȥˡ 
һǶŲ豭 
Զ˲裬ʦҲǵġһʱ޷Լϲá 
ģװҹҡͷ˵Ѿûˡ 
СһЦ 
ƣǵأվ˫ְڳоٶ״ 
ʲôﰡ̫ˡС²豭˵ 
ƽӳȻСĵطڰ칫ϡýǶȲ̫룬ֳ˼ְڷţҵһӾλáţ˺󼸲ͷһȷǿ 
̫ƯллܣСѾ̲סˣ˫ֺϣԼؿڣϲ˵ƯûǮɣ 
Ǯֵ٣ǣǹ˰ҵֲҵۻܵСȣǺǡ٣ǽ軨׷͸ĺ񡣡˵꣬Цųƿ 
ټסƵ֣лл㣬ܣƷˣ 
Ŷţ٣ӦܵС֣Ȼѧ˵лϵۣлĿ˺ұ˵ҪȥС֣װŷ˴̳ӵӡ 
 
һЦǰ 
ܣֵܾչЯˡǻҵӣҪһ㶼Ҳ죬㻹֣ᷢǸֵˡ˵ʵһֱָһɣƫ˵᲻뿪ڵĹ˾ 
٣᲻ᰡôˣ˭֪ϵã͸ܣҵжôôŤأЦŴٵĻ 
һ֡ 
ʱ˵ϲٳǰڰ־ͳȥˣСֻ˵·˵ĸ¶ 
ҲϰɳΣɶζ˵ţƹСƣȻһƨɳΡ 
СһЦЦȻ˵ҳ˻룬ȻĿڴ 
ǻټóֻ˸ţֵܣûʲô͸㣬Ǯֻҵ⣬ҲЩãտʼһжҪǮ°ɣװֵܾʹ군 
һյţֵܣʲôҲ˵Ĺɷݰɡһɵ죡 
һҽԺ·ϣƺң 
˵Ķģ 
ҼɵصЦ²¿ 
Ҳ£ֱӸҡ 
ôҪ㣬˵Ǽٻأ 
Ҳš 
滰أ 
š 
ǲ͵ˡʵĵڰʡ 
 
СĿء 
һ·ϣǲͣЦ·˵ĸ¶Ҳ¹˾ҵйء 
쵽ҽԺſڣѯڳԺ 
Ҹҽˣٹ죬ȫ顣ȷҪסԺôԺ㿴Сһҡ 
ɣأǺǡ 
֪ˣζܡɣԺֱסҼȥҲչ㡣 
Щ⣬ΪϿκЦ˼ 
𣿲аɡƣһѣεĸоûУƭ㣬ָ÷ǳáң㱣֤ȥһ˼룬ÿעϢֱȫңҾͿˣȲع˾ˡ 
ʵҲǲסƼСˣƺѾܾãȥ 
ɣѾСˣ֪չԼƵӹһ˿죬Ҫٸҿɲˡ 
Ǻǡ 
ûУҲŲء 
ģһЦţƵһָͷ 
ѽ㷳ˣأ˵Сıˡ 
㻹˵ңָһָͷ 
ˣҹܡ 
ԸⲻԸ޸ң 
 
Ҫ޸ң 
Ʋ˵ˣ򶨵ؼ 
ЦˣǲܵġˣҪЩˮȥǰ͵ˮгˡ



ھʮ Ժ

       ȻܺáΪҽԺſʱҵ˵𲻿ˣҸһĵ顣 ¶һֲ׽أܹ˾ҪίȥѧϰʱꡣҪǣƼһҺܵǩ 
;ѻɣ˿̵һ㶼ᵽǸ֣һ㶼ʹԼֺһ˵ 
֮ǰ˵Ҫҵ𣿡 
԰֮ǰ㡣 
ΪʲôңǱˣ֪ʡ 
ûΪʲôɵϣ 
ˣ˵һֱң滰𣿡 
ʲô˰㣿ѵһƭ㣿ʲôʱƭ㣿šüͷ 
ҲףΪʲôҡ 
ǵģʼҡЩ档ֱ̫ˡ 
Ϊϲˣϲ㡣 
̫Цˡ㻹ǵ죬ŭ뿪ˣҲҺݺݵصһۡ 
ĶǽܡʱҲֻ֣㡣 
ǲһֱƫˣ 
ʤϲԸ񣬵ͣǻʱ̶㵣ǡңԸʱԼ뼯壬Ϊĸ塣 
֪ƺһʱԸı䡪ҲԸ 
ܺãڸı䣬ʤһսҵ֣˵ЩˡڣøˣΪѧϰᡣ 
ǣи⣬ΪʲôҸøеˣζʲôأ 
ζ㼴빫˾в㣬Ȼѧϰ󣬡˷ܵ˵·Ѿ֮Σϲ㣬δĻƺӢ 
ڵ绰ƻ˵˺ܶ࣬й˾±䶯עԴѼ˵ǱġڶӣġģΪ֤˵ĵ 
ЩҲȣΪ֪ڴˣͲơǣҾ˵֤ԼΪԼ 
Ҳ˵Ҹ֤ʲôҪ֪Ҵû֤Լʧܡ 
֮ڼԺߵһﶼʼҵ಻ǰһҵѪҺǰһңһĿӡ 
ˣҺͱݽӴ 
ǣڿ˺ö࣬Щ㲡 
ǣզˣ㲵ģ 
ôð 
ƣһһһ˯꣬ɣƽ˵ 
ƾٱЦЦ 
ȥĶ£˵İɣһֱæһ˾ۺˡ 
ЩС椶ɶġ 
ȺһܲЩģЦ 
죬շǳãҲ˵ 
˭֪ȥʱһ˵ǣصǸġ 
ǵͨ죬Ǻȸˡ 
ǣȸ˰ɣ 
ûʤ磬㣬ҡҡ費˰ҡ˵ţ͵سԼһӡ 
أֹ 
ʤ磬ң֪ˣ˵𣿡 
ǹȥСڣ۲ɸϽ˼Ŷ಻á 
֪˭𣿡 
˭ 
硣 
ҼǵǴᣬҺͶɩҵǰϣҸմӾưɻ쵽·ʱһȺ˴ӱΧһȭźΪ׵˵ֵܣҽҲ֮УԡȫǾ棬ԺŴ 
ҵʱ²ǶΪ˭أϾʱǿʤοǻҲҡ 
ܽѣΪĪضҺ뿪ԺһΣ׸ң˵ңһۼҼæҲûʡ 
˵ʵڣЩϼҵĳˣҶԸᡣɲôʱ۸ҵˣֹһأһ·ľʣɱ˵ĶС죬صȻ˵Ǿ仰ҵֻǸж 
һжںҶԼ˵ֿľ괺ĸо 
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һںұԺǸõϢڿԸҽԺϵӣοмҹͻȻĲ˼Ŀ޺ŵֱ£Һ¡ 
ʱƣǸСŮˣǰǸ̵ơǻٸ˵޸Ұɣһᱣ㡣 
ǣ⵽ܾҵЩԥˡǣұ˵ûµģһжȥجһҹ 
˵Ƹ飬ˡ¾ƺҲżȥתת־ȻûǰͯӰһʿ뿴ס 
Ѿʼµ״̬ޱ롣 
˵ʲôǣңǾʹϣڲڶȣŽҴʱǣһжҵ󡪡֮ұû룬ǲټˣΪǴΡҽ첲ſϣȻ󶴿ſɶ΢ЦڵƵڿ㡣 
Ǻ֣˵ϳˣûʱʱȥתƣǱյķţҲ 
һΣ¥ɢ࣬ϳĻشǱȽοġ 
һк񶼲ϻżȥģģ˵ʱһԼĶϱصˣѾתǰ˵ҪءЦ˵ 
ע⵽Ѿ˵ӡ 
ǣҵԺָǸЦǺǵϳ¡Ķӹڸ׵Ĳǰ׵ԭ£ԭһʱ;ͲТ׵Ŀڶӵͷϲڲ԰׵ݺᣬһԵŮһĨᣬһ߿ġ 
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Ͼ񣬲ТΪȡ룬˵ǣһиոպá 
أΪʲôȴܵõԭ£ţҵҪøذɡԣŪһݴĸ飬ⴿ⣬ϵۿ˼ϡȱģ£˵Ūˡ 
Ժƻң˵ҪԺ˵ˡǷҪ˵㿴ҪҪȥ绰 
ǺǡѾ˵ˣǲҪˣǺæġ 
ʲôʱ򰡣 
ǰһӡ 
Ǻǡ˵أô绰治ѡ 
ʲô񰡣ѡ 
Ҳá񡱡Ϊһ˵ǡŻá񡱡 
Ҳôһˣʣ¾ֵˣûκ塣Ҽ˵ 
ǰڣԺкܶѣֻǡ 
ѣҪ̫࣬һԡҺ㣬Գο飬ƺҪǰ԰ڵ˼ 
ǣѵĶ岻˵ѣ̫ܸˣ֪㽫Ͷ빤ˣϣܼһȫµ㡪šֹۣҳ 
ڽѵ㵱ֻǸӣ 
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ʲôƺȻ̧ͷʶҵķһֻסǸļһǺǡ˵գسЦ 
˵á 
кƺƤ䣬վ˵ⲻαҲãԲǡˣȵԭ򡣡 
ô֮أҹʡ 
ǲͬĸڹ⣿Ϊǵһ˿Ц 
ףԼԸȱݡ 
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ƣҲǺˣе˵ҶԼ񣬾Լرαװŷ׶峺͸ӡøЩˣҶûô⡣ 
Զô峺͸۾ҷ·ܿǿࡪֱ̹Ȼֵ˵ 
һʼնҵķθ֮ԣһֱˡҸôأܶʱ򣬶⣬Ҳֳܱ˵̬ƭԻ˵ƭҪ֪̹ʡظ߱ˣҲǹķйΪйʹࡣ 
ƣһŬģ˵ȥ֤Լǣ˵ 
˵ˣʤϾͳԺˣҪˣҪ˹ȥȫûбҪûһģͬ⣬죬ͲҼ˵ȥ߰ɣǻؼҡ 
ðɣߣϵƤ䣬ҲµҪʼˡ



ھʮ Ļ

       ճţһ˹ȥҺƿ첽ܹȥ һƬϣھаκӱΣҽԺڲĻΪ״ӵĶΧм䡣 
ƺѵ֣Χ۵Ⱥǲ˺Ͳ˼Ҵµվţͷ㣬еǱş̌һȻֻҪдĵطԴӡ 
׳۰ 
ԣμӰκӱĶֱҽʿɡԴǵװֿηģҾͲö֪ˣҲû֪ıҪԻҵǣЩʿñӣЩûñɫҲֳɰ׺ͷ֡ 
һ죬֧УʿǰҽںǸǴ׳ȻڳԤ״ 
λĶ飬ⲿ̬ʵʤһΪʿǶèķԲ׳˶΢ܿǷȴɿ鷿ҽǷͷӷײǲͱ͹ƨɣ뵽ĽǴǿҹҳΪOӡ 
֮γǿҷǣһ֧еĻʿԵˣ߸ƽصصͻҽǶСݸ첲ϸȡ忴һЦЦΡҲ£ʶԼ޷Oӿ⣬㡣ҳΪKӡ 
֪ôᰲ֧ʵĶμӱҲΪ컶ֵհɣܴΧȺеҡͷԼЦߡȻҪ֣κεطһ־ʣȴ쳣ࡣĿ㲻ʤʽ 
һ죬ߵ̱ǣι̵ӲǣƵźȺҲ궯 
ע⵽Kһ񻻤ʿķɫñӣΪ»أȻȫڸסӡȫûᣬԲվ׮ʽ 
룬ǹģȻˣΪ൱⣬ټϹ̬ʵڡʹ 
ʤûKӵӳһɰͷһһӲŲӣһŭźӣһקʲô 
𣬡漴ȺѾɧ 
ǰǣ 
KӵĻʿǰţӦȥĿǴſϵḶ́ƨ̵ñȺ׻ߵʱ򡣵ǣ˲ģݼţΪܿҽǣһȥıѾƵġ 
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OK̫ˣԣΧ۵ȺпʼУĹסԼȴָ͵Ҳҵ֣Ц˵߰ɡ 
õģ߰ɡ 
һͷȴϵؿһŹЦ 
ŶҵʹЦţ죬˫ȶšΣڿĵòԿص͡죡 
ǣ˺졪 
ǵģ˺죬·̼ٴθеԼʲôֹܹ΢ЦôֻҡҵʱȷʵˡȻ䣬ҲңЦ˲̣ȻʧӰ٣漴ֵıǺΣͬϼһѤá 
ǵС 
һ·Ļгʱͻ롪Ҳҿޱ߼ʵҲԷḻһڰɫʡΪյĴʼάİɣûһ˿ 
Сܾʵ˵Ҿؼң˳һܣպšľ㵸ظοֻϧһںͷ˱仯ҶƬʼݻƣʼήһжôʼϲæҶ޴ظˮ֣ţ̣ȴ޼¡ήӾ˿ݻƣһֱڼ 
˵һЦôҲûҪɱı⣬ϣЦøãȻʱɥ㡣ҪҪ㵸ظʱΨһС 
ǣеŬͽ͡ĿһȾ֮ľʳߣֻΪ˵ȴʱ̡ڣһϢݻ˴ҶƬеľ 
ҲǸʱҾǶΰ顣ԭҲӡҾԼѾǸħ 
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֪ұ˭ЦҿһֱЦһֱЦЦȥʵҿӵС 
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ЦȻʧ֮ǰתȥһޣֻûϼһѤõĺΡ 
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ιôˣôˣʼҡҵļ򣬺ܸɬض£˵˵ôˣʲôˣ 
ţһ޲ֻңŽƣһҲ



ھʮ 

       ãֻӶժȻ˵߰ɣ뿪ĵط ҵøЩʣ׶˶Ե 
ҡ÷ŵˣҲ÷ѣԼѡɵɷͷĦг浽£ȴһ⳵ܼٵֻجġһ۶ϣһɹ֦ܺ۶ϣٶ˻ѣΪҽ 
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Һټڿμ߶Ҳûк˵һ仰ʱڽһֽСֽϷһŵĽվȻŽż⿴ 
ֱһ죬ʦڿϳʹظǣǰĳĳͬѧΪѪȥˡʶλѾǿյˡͬǻűСкͷңʦ˵˭ѽ 
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ЩĿõҷԼѾԽԽܳܡҸоƣұϢ޿־塣 
˵۾ҿ˾㵺Ϳ־壬ˣɳޡΪ춼Ҫˣ޲ȥµ绰׷ʲôѡ 
ǵģҾ㵣Ϊϳˣ೹װչˡ 
ǵģҿ־壬ΪҵӡЦǺǡ 
ǵģˣΪǸֵ֮ĸס 
ǵģҳޣΪСѧʱǽвֵŮ 
绰໹ңյԺŴƱ󣬶ŴƱǡ飬ǸͽҽԺĶϱ 
ӰǸеҼǵãڵ绰쳣˵ 
ԭûиĻڣһжҵһصˣôͻȻ֪Ļأ 
Ҳ̫ͥˣҲ̫ˣϵ۶ﲻƺ˵ 
ǰ֧ڳϷ 
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ǵģģϿѳȥ׷죬ҽ඼Ҫ 
ϸӰдţٶȺܿ졣Ƽתͷ͵ؽɳȥʹ˼Ҫӳ⡣ 
ˣˣϸıӰ 
ơҽš 
Ʋ˵ȫŤų 
СۣСۡҰϰ⣬غ 
Ӧÿҵͷ찡Сۣ̫ˣһʱ䣬Ҿ쳣ЩӣͳͳԺ 
ǡ 
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Ѿڻ׼ȫ׷ϡ 
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ң뿪𣿡 
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ʵϣϣҺܷ 
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ټɣһеһУЩǻӣ 
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ȥֻʹ࣬ЩʹӣôͳʱԼɡ 
һѡһѵĵطȻԼһУ˽ų尾ͼ䡣 
ĸطأ˫ԭʼɭְɡ 
̧ͷ죬ҶĻͷʻһزݮ㣬һڶ¶裬Ⱥ֣֦ѾẬЦˮ翣֡⣬ůˣ˿˿ƢһУγ͸ˮˮ۾ʯ¡ۿȥĶŷƮҡ۵סȺ޻˵Ÿ߹Ϲӭʹ磡 
ȻŹչĲհ׷ͷֻ۾פһ룬ɭǡƣǣֻΪѰһܹԼĹء 
ٻصǰ 
 
ǷںԶ 
Ժ 
˵ټ 
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=============================================== 
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ܣóˣݵķɻһСʱɡ 
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˵꣬ת뿪 
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Բܡûʲô飬ˡ 
ɻڿնҺСβ߳ҡ 
ҳɣȥ 
ãллԼ򳵡 
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Ҫ˵һ¡ 
ƺʵҵۣؽṹԱɷֹ˾ΪҵҺĻңάȥ 
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ͬʱԲչķֹ˾ʵпعɰתʽ֣չռ䡣湫˾Ǵеһҡ 
Ҷܴδ»ͨΪ΢ʣŭԣ֮֮ΧƺʵҵĹ˾׷׵ջչʳ޲ֳƿ죬һܴ̾쵱ʱӢҵĴǻۡ 
ˣΣܴ֮ڴĿеĵλУҲҡ 
ܴͬģ¿˾һĻɥ쳣Σͷҵ£ƾ֧֡գ˾Լûд򿪾档 
֮һжڱ仯еһС 
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˭֪Ȼһģˣõ 
ת 
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ûüϸ룬ҵѾǼһǿٴģӸ˵𣿡 
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ڵһشŭңͬݺݵŭ 
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ѾΧָָ㡣 
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šĽһһû˦ͷȥһȭŲãûݳƵģȫˡڡ໡УԼűѪĽŤס 
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ѾҪˣҲҪǼһҡ֡ˣҵȭͷҲСȭͷֻŷȥȻ˺ 
Ȼ 
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ҷһĨűѪһ֧ŵ档δӦǼһ͵س̧һ 
ҵҲ֧ŵˣԼѵҸо°ʹ˵ӡ浹ʱҵȫǻɵգЩˮһѪڿз衪 
ʱ뵽ףǸδĸסĶ 
ŹԶû 
Ǽһһץҵͷָ°һȭ룬һȭǴƫˣҵĺΪҸоѣϢҪȥ 
ٴ濴ʱ뵽СۣǸڻпСۣװģͣҪ



ھʮ ˵ĵһ̣£

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ǰһѾѪɫģģգģȺģĶ֡ŬϣжǼһķλ 
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ٶԺС˵ЦʲôЦô˵ۿӢ۵Ͻڴλ۴ӢۿҪסһˡ 
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ǺǣСΣʵǶһ 
Ц꣬Ҷ 
ǰСΣѾȥ˼ǰЩζ٬ɫ 
Ҽ˵ҲĿͷҴ 
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ʤĻ쵰˭ɳ̳ġңңûңҲʱ㻹¼ء 
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أǲǸл㣬лù˾˶֪ܵˡܰС˵İɣҳ𣿱˵װҪ֣ǰʶСΣظңǲ˵ġ 
Ȼȫû˸ղŵķŭΧеˣҲŰ 
Ϊ뿪ֱӸһƱȻֵóشݣŲæͳһŮʿȻһ֧ǣҳ˵ġû˵ȷʵѾǺ꾫ˡѾܣҹ˾ǰ˸ң˵Ϊǣ˵áҶʧ͸ȻһŮ˵Ҫ㣬ʤֻһߡ 
ʲôߣ 
ǵģ㲻˽ǸձɵŮˡ 
סڣ 
޷˵ȥ 
סˡΪҵĺǳ⣬ûм 
ʤѾĶɾҩˡ 
˵̣꣬ٸ߰ؿһۣתˡ 
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ʵϣǰ׷ȥǲܵģοһֱڮƣҡǰϰʱ˾ļǣ֤ʵ֮ǰĲ롪ҺƵĹϵڹ˾ը˹СһĽһֱţδ¶֪󣬽ʵ޷ܰˡ 
Ҫһơƣ仯ǿ죬һ͸ﶼܱɽͷӵİš 
ʵЩûȥʣ磬ȥɳͨϵʿôôǴӺɫγˡٱ磬ҺƵϣӦӵƵĵ绰Ȼֻ˵ֱӰֻˡ 
ѾҪˣԾûҪˡ 
ǣʼиƣСΪεҪѡ湫˾ 
ԣԹҵһϲͨңҸ˾ܹ˾Ҫȴǿ˵ΪҶǼֱǳȻⷽĿܣԲȫһֱң⡣ 
ֻڵңѾôСε¶ˡеͽӴͣڱ档ֻƵģΪƳƲߣʵ¡ϵ÷ǳãȫں˵۾Ժϰĵһ죬ҾʹӦƣһսס 
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ãҿ𣿡һòѧģĹ 
Ҿ˸Ȼ̧ͷ΢Ц˫صŷС档 
̧ͷһۣȻ˸ƣʾ£żԼﵹơ 
ɣ㵹Ҫ£ҵֺ;ƿһס 
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ƺһѧɣ۾Щ㣬Щִ١ 
ΪʲôҪңѵҳúѿ𣿡 
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Ǻǣллָ̻ţЦҲˡ 
Ҫһ𣿡 
ллǺǡ 
ʲôƣ 
ҲȾƣƻ֭ɡ 
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鲻ã 
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ʵղźŮѳˣصع㣬ɣ 
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ŮСĵضƻ֭Ȼáţȵȥ 
ǳȥɣ 
棿ȥĶ棿ʲô 
ɣȥĶҾ͸ȥֻҪ㿪ġѾȫ 
ǣ룬ҲŪˣҲҪҵˡֱ˵ˣΪúġ 
Ҫأ 
οͰɣҾð 
涺Ҿ͸ɣҪһëǮȥĶҾ͸ȥĶ 
仰ʣҸоˡ 
˵ʵ־ưˣҼ˴ɵŮǴտʼֵ֪ǳС󣬱Գ˷糾ŮӵıĿţղŮȥҵط֡ 
Ǽ಻֣ҲǵĴڣԼȦĿ꣬һڨЦε˫硣 
ǰСȷʵˡ 
˵ʧأǿˣ𣿡 
񰡣ô˵Ҹһʧˡ¶һ˿ѹ 
һ˵ղſҸŮѳˣʧˣԲҵң 
ǰǶǲĵˣΪʲôͲһҿأ˵仰ʱһֺɬĸо 
еҿ϶˵Ļôңˣ 
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ʮһ 
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ôƯҲ˵ڵĴѧĵطˣɡ˰ʲôģʵûطȥ³ǵ־ֲѧ˵Ϊƫƫأ 
˰ɣҲԵ֣Ҿ˧ζ˵˵ 
ɣ 
Ҫʲôأ 
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ڵҲǡ 
뵽С˵Ļ뵽˵ưˡ뵽һЩ߼˵ģ˵ʶ޷ܡ 
һҸ߱˱һССǰᣬεСѼӡ͡ҲǰûССĻ򣬸ûСѼӡǱʣҪ˵ұ˰ǡܽؽ㡱ǷóΪΪгֻأ 
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ұʵôСأʮЦһٲܺԼ˵ 
֮ҷ˸ۣرСΡ 
ͷٷ糾͵ظɢš 
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ˣ˸ϣ󻹳죬ˡ 
˵أʱôûȡ 
˵һȥ 
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Ҳ˾ҿƤ˾ɡһƭ 
¶ˣˣ׼ˡϸ֪Ϣȥȥ 
ˣȥǣϴ˵Сʱ۸㡣 
Ǻǣǣզ°ⶼʲôʱˡ˵ͦõģˣ֪ 
ԼŰɣҲ֡ 
֪˵ǣһȥ̳ܴӦ㹫˾𣿡 
ɶ 
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ھʮ ǿ

       Ǹǰ˵һѲļһ ϣͻȻӵһԳŮѵĹĵ绰˵թƭ˸ˡΪţֱӶ˼£ûԸ벻ʲô˶Ը 
žҲûôʡѹֺûôϢ 
ܣҪϹˡΣǶҲ 
ֻǣСݿļƻҪˡ˵ɣ˵ 
ڣٻǴӦˣ˵Ҷ˵ˣ𰡣Ҹоࡣ 
ٴ̤ϤĽֵҵĲЩأ˼ŸšǸǿ϶ȥˣΪɩڵ绰ңѾȥຣѰĸףȥԼʱµôȥǼ߽һȫİ˼ңûʲô̫ 
£һʱҲʵ֣Ҫ˼׼ôȥ°ɡϾܼ˶ˡȻֻڵ绰ĸо 
ʱ֣ջδ𡣽ֵЩ壬๤ĴʰµһЩҶŵ棬ƮУеĻԭת 
ҾЩӣѰһ꣬ôһѾеĶӡ 
ţһˣ³ţҰ֣һǮڿ㡪 
˵ʵҲϲ԰ӣͨһ࣬ټһС̲ɶģ򵥵úܡߺ˵ʲôţҰӣ˺桪ţҰӣʲôİӣû˵ 
ĵʹʹҾѭߺȥ 
հǼҹսǵ꣬һëкңѽϰ壬롣ӣصͷ 
沼ּ򵥣ֳţŷֱβɾСƿдšסԱ߻һС֥齴Լһͽֽ 
˺ܶ࣬ԵӵŸϰղŵߺйϵѡ˿ŵλ£һԸӡԼĪʮ£һ㲡ԼĪңЩݡ 
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õģӳɣһࡢһ̲ˡ 
֣ԵȣϾ͵ëųĵתˡ 
ӣһ룬ſҪаӡһ㲵ĸ׺ˣϰ壬ƭ˰ҰţҲôһ 
ǸȻЩźӸճһİӣվë 
զƭˣɶ˼Ī˵ҿôһΪƭ㣿ôû˵أëܲ 
ƭ㿴ҰǸŰֻŬ͡ 
һԵĺӣŲӿŸףЩ־塣 
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ߺˣ˵ӣҰӣȻ˵Ҫˣˣǰɣ㣬ӵ꣬ûгܷڵġëŭɶˡ 
˵ϰ壬˵ҲԣȻһûӡ㿴İȷʵûҰңղߺȣҲˣ˵ţҰšҸϽ 
ʵֹͷ飬ҲټǣëֱĵЩס 
λϰ壬ɱƭ˰ȷʵҰҰġëҵмֿ 
ɶ 
һͷţһֻҰë˵ 
һһЦˡ 
ѹӶûҰڶأ 
Ǹ׻ҪʲôȥȰסˣӳ԰ɣҵġ㿴Ӷȶˡ 
Ȼֳϰ庰ϰ壬һҰӣϡ 
֡ 
ǸײܾЦЦ˵ͷʾлȻȥ 
ӳֻӣԸ˵ְ֣Լ 
סŶһ¿ڴһֻߣſʼӰǡְִǣݸӡע⵽۰׵ĵϣЩļСǣԼɫӡ 
ӽӹ͵ؾһڣҧȥһ룬߳Աʸףְ֣ȥĶ 
ȥ 
Ƕ𣿡 
ᣬһǶ 
ְ֣ˣΪʲôҪҰ 
һãǸ׸ã 
ǣʣôˣأ 
˵ȥ򹤣һȥûϢ⺢ӿҪ衪 
סˣϽֱȥʡ 
꣬ѾЩ˵Ľֵϣҵ۾ˮȥã˳ʡ 
ΪʲôأΪʲôÿλصϼңҪҸоأֻһͶѣΪѿ 
һ߱㹻ļǿ



һ ٻص1

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ȥļұأұ˼ 
ȥ˫ӵ·ɣ￿¼ңʱȥҲ㡣Уıݺ;Ƶ꣬ȻϤסΪרҲڸҿɲ֪һʱ롣 
һҽŷް͵ıǰͣ˽ŲҰɣӣͦ 
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ϰ𣿡Һһ 
䣬ֻһʮŮӣæĿͷ߳߱Ц˵ߺ˧磬ס갡 
ǵģ徻ЩĿͷ𣿡 
Ƹ⻰˵ģļͷ徻ϵȿͷӡյԣȫҼ۸Ҳ󣬱֤ø⡣ 
Ҷˣ˵ﻰҽ㣬ҶԸ⡣ 
ɣǾͰѡһɡ 
֣Ҫס죿 
סɣ⣬ܶסϼ졣ЦЦ˵ 
ȷʵˣһ˳ʱ͹ˣ˳ҲҪסϼ졣˵ϣ⣬Ǹͷʵ뻨Ǯʽķ룬һзҪ˳Щ 
֣ģұ֤ķ񡣡Цţ¶һŲݡ 
Ǿȴȥɡ 
õģ롣Ŀͷ˸ơ 
ŮŤְڵ304ͷȷʵ徻 
ҷ°ʣʣиͭɽ𣿡 
ҪȥŮ¶һ˿ǡ 
Ǻǣиѷ¶ˣҴظⲻûͭɽ֪ĶˡҸϽ͡ 
ŶһһΪǺڻءͭɽ֪ڶ溣߶ԴȥʮǮ͵ˡ 
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õģллٴظ׼뿪 
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ŶˣԣҸϽǮǸسЦЦٿǮԼ֤һǼ°ɣͷȥá 
һתȥˣͻȻͷĴЦϤôɰɣ 
ЩţֻȻע档 
ЦԶشھſڵһɲǣҿˡȷʵǶ硣§һ¶Ůӣ˲ѵƮ 
ģһˡνʲôϵأûϵ 
뵽ֻƲ˸绰ҵø˵һϼҴ飬ͻȥ¶ 
ƣãĶأ 
ڴҵ绰ˡæãû⼸ɶ˾һлɣ 
ͦڣһûġ 
㰡СۣôĸܣôøӰɣԣ߲Űճи𼱣ڵĹ˾˵㣬ֻԵתת˵㼱ʲôأ 
Ҳ˼ʲô°ҶЩмң⹤ͦã֪㡣ʵЩ֪㣬ô˵ǸʵͷΣܰ衣 
˰ɣ˰ɣͰˣСƢãһȥͻܣڵ绰Цʡ 
𰡣û˵˲ΪǸء 
˭˵ҿ˭ңءˣҪ˵飬ܸ˵мƷĹ˾ҪѰ泤ںҹ˾˵ջ˷ˣͦ𣬾˵ǸŮܡҵòʧˣǾͿϧˡ 
ڸͻܣ¾Ϊмֽթ 
ˣ㲻Ҫȥʩչмưɣưƣֱ˵ȥ 
ȥȥȥȥҪôʰ㡣Ǹ㿪Цҵϣȥʶ 
иҺǺһЦӦҾȥ 
ʲôʹͳɡҲЦ 
ŮܵƯַɧȻ۲ɣ˵ɶҲɡ 
åˡ׼ˣŮ˵ȷʵƯڷɧɧҾͲö֪ˣˡ 
İ 
˵ѣҲû׼ 
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顣ãҴӦ㡣Ҳⷽš 
һΨհ𣿺ˣҴϰɡ 
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иѶ׼ˣҵ 
Ҳǵģڡѵ飬㾡ͺã̫Ͷ롣룬ҵģ֪𣿡 
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ˣװܣİɣ;˵ֻ˵ԣһܳɹ 
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һһ ٻص2

       µ绰Ҹоһɣ֪ΪΡ˼Ƭ֮󣬾ʱƯŮܵ顣 Ѿˮ龰ʶ׼ȥˡǣϽȥȻų 
˫ӵ·188ſڣЩԥˣǷЩͻ˵Щʲôأ 
أȽȥ˵ǣȥš 
òŴ򿪡Ҿǣοŵģϴμ긾ŮһʮͷС졣 
˭̣һؿҡ 
ʣ¼𣿡 
ĸ°ʶߡ˵ţҪš 
ŹŰֵסţûǴ˫ӵ·188š 
ǰ˫ӵ·188ţûˡмš 
ãǣ̣ҸϽͳڴ̣ЦⲻǰȷʵסһµģҪңǷˣ 
ǻҵ̣Ǹӡӹ˿̵ӣȻʣ𰡣ˣҲ֪ĶˡҪȥĵضʣ 
˵꣬顱İŹˡ 
ҿʼǰĵ绰¼ûСҲǣûϵˣﻹʲô¼أһʱ䣬ֺڲѡ绰붼ûб档 
ˣȻȥɡ 
صݣ򿪵ԣҿʼƷŮϡ 
ЩԾŮܣƬϿʮ£ȴԵþ죬ֵһǣüĿ䴦ʵúܡ 
ЩѹǸ򵥵Ůˡ˹˾ܣôʱˣһŲһľ 
ʱƯŮˣƿͰ̫ˡжƯŮһλأƯŮ˻ͬƯλôԶ϶һƯ 
뵽Һϵԣ˿ܿվضžӻӻȭͷͣʤеģǸɶõĻᡣ 
ţҺܿȥ˵绰 
ǣ֪һŮ𣿡 
ĸܰŴҵ𣿡 
ǵģʣɵúܡ˵ѰÿհҲ 
ɣСĪϲˣҪһĿꣿ 
˰ɣǣ˵һǰ𣿱ˣпնЩҪһʹ涨˵ˣʶ˾ͻܡ 
٣Һٿȥʲôֵ֪ܣ˵һҪֵܶܡ 
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̫ôһ˵Ҳֻһͷæˡ 
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˵ʵڵģͻȻʾãҸоǱŤġǴΣר̸˵ǸһжȻˡ 
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ֻôһ仰Ҿ͸жˣپñŤοʱݳԼһӡ 
죬һϼ취ҪһԭҲΪǾ䱧Ǹߣһ˱Ƭζ֮ǰйǾֻɫֶټʹ޾ܲ˾ 
ͭɽ 
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ƣ쳣ݵˣڹͷԼӳ¡ͳһ̣Ҫݸһֹ֧Բﲻ̡ 
ҿ˿Ȼ̣û̧ͷ 
취㾡ȥġ˵˭ûùһжȥġ 
һԵٴֹעĴǡ 
̧ͷ˿߰һҡģһ䡣 
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ֵܣ˵ˣûõģﲻҡ̧ͷɣؿ˿ҡ 
ΪǺ㿪ֻΪ˵ʵ治ˡ㻹ǵǰǴһԷΪһֱܺãԡ 
ǺǣֵܣôܲǵأǾΣ͹ȥˡ 
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һ ٻص3

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ʱôġ 
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˵仰׼뿪 
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ЩĲ̣߹ȥļʾοһԵҵֱֹԲ𣡡 
һ֣ƿˣΪѾͷţ˵ϸ룬ȻҾôˣһ㲻˵ûа취֡ˣŮѽʲô֣Ǹù绰ҡ 
ٳٲ˵Ҿߣ˵ɡ 
Ӵʱ͵شһޣʤ磬лл㣡СҶԲ 
һתȴֻһӰţͷĳأƣע£һƫŲš 
˿ţҷܳʪƺЩĳζŸٺйϵïܵӲڴϣѾֲˣȴɫΧǽΧм䡣 
ƧԶĻͳֻŮѴ绰ιСáѾˣտĿǰȶôԸ˵棬׾·̣Ҳץһ顣 
õģлл㣬ллֵܣʣż˵Ķȥɣ 
õģסŷްͱ304䣬Ļɣ͸ϻȥŶʮҡ 
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Сǰɣ 
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أȥ֮ԾˡǣЦкɣ 
ʤ磬ô㷢Ҫ㷢Ⱑڵ飬ҲʤⰡһǸ⡣ 
㷢𣿡ұߵʡ 
ȥǰȥˡͲϼˣȥ֮ͻȻǰᵽ㣬Ծ͸绰ˣû뵽Ļ 
ᵽң 
ᵽ㣬˵ʱԲס㡪 
Ǻǣ˵ˣС˵¶ɣΪʲôȥģҴĻ 
С϶У֪һС 
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һ ٻص6

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ҵĴһӶ޷ҲԶʹҵͷΡ 
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Լû̧ͷšɣеķйɣʧȥСۣľʹͦˣʲôʹ࣬Ҳܳأ 
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һ ٻص8

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˵ԹʲôأԼ֪࣬ԼԹޡ 
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£ǳķǳΪˣЩ 
ǰһĸף뵽ֻΪԼôԼĺ֮ʹܹսʤͻ֮࣬ôʧСأ 
ڶ賿һµûۣԾɰͷɳڲװ˯һо߽϶һ̺ӣһ̾Ϣ



һ ٻص9

       ˵㣬֮ǰĺ䡣 ڽӵ绰СϽصȴ򰲾س̡ 
ô¸ժµ绰Сվʡ 
Ÿ˵ˣеĿУҪʱ䡣 
ʣҪãкǼꣿ 
˵û˵ֻҵϢ 
С˵һһ꣬ٳԵࡣ 
ʣǲǮûλҪȰǮ͹ȥ 
´𣺡ãǺģ³Ǯ˵ˡ 
ǣһĬ 
Ӻµ绰졣 
Ÿ磬á 
ٴժµ绰 
ô 
ŸϹȥ˵ͿԸһꡣ 
ãɣȥҰǮǸǮʱˡ 
ʤ磬ҵǮˣҲǮ 
ĶĻҸ˵ˣȽǣȳ׬ǮˣûҡЦЦȻСļ 
ºСĶԻ 
ʣСҵ٣ 
С˵ʮȫڼ 
ǺãҿɣһȥȡǮ֮СȥЩܺߵǮϣȥŸ 
Ѿһˡ 
Ǿͼֱȫ塣 
ʮ룬վһɫ۳ڣҡ¡档 
ʤŸ˵ˣֻϡ 
ǰֵܣ۲˵⻰Ҫټ̣ҪʡˡֻˡŶ˵ 
Ÿ˼ǡ 
Ÿ˼ǣ磬˵ʡĳҪϵ൱á˵ 
⡪ԥ 
һˣɶ˼ڵģֵܣ涺治Ц 
Һ³ϣȻ󼲳۶ȥ 
ҲĸȥˣĻһֱû㶮ΪʲôҪô 
ܿ𣿡 
ǵġ 
ΪҸж 
⣬ԭ𣿡 
ûˡ 
ĳ 
ЦЦ߰ɣȥ 
³ҰһۣȻȥһͣó 
վһߣ̣˼ŸôȥҴ磬ָô˵ 
Ǿµ׵ʣƲϡˬúܡĽֵˮææµµߵˣֵı飬һ·չر 
ҼǵϽ֣խֻ˲ߣȴ߳һͷֵԶЩ̣н̡̡̡֯ձ̵̡̡ȵȡÿ·ڶֵձͿֱꡣ 
ȻЩӰѾԶˣϸ䣬Ըִ֡Ķн뻮һгۣϽˡ 
ץС͵ˣץС͵ˡ˼ţȴһоѡ 
̧ͷȥֻһڵ꣬ڶֵȺȷɱһֻĵĴ׳˽׷ϡȺжֹͣ˽Ų׷ 
չ꣬ͷˣǿҪĴ׳׷ϡǣͻȻĻ䣬˳ƿߵˡ 
ɲ˷·мһƬҡ˾ͷСӣòͷˣ 
겢ᣬֻشܣƺҪߵˣȻȺӴܡҵǣΪңڿߵʱֻŵĽż˵ءֻ͵ߵеϣĲ֪ʲôҲˤ˳ȥ 
£Ҫ·ӣȴһ˫ץסͷģ͵Ӷ˰ɣ 
漴Ǵ׳˦ָһǶ⡣ 
ʱҿ۵ôʮӣǵѪ 
·ֹ͵ɶ˰ 
׳סͷ͵һǹǵһˣϴξ;ҵơ 
·Ȱˣ⺢ӿһǹȷ֡˵ţȥ׳˵֡ 
һ 
ͻȻһʹȻ˳˫֧ˣٴη˭Ҳϵ 
˵˭ҲϵһĻҾˡ 
һɫĽγɱŲ·ײ˸ 
Сڰӯط裬Ȼ׹䡣һڿзģƾɵ·ԼˮעһҺ塣Ƶ˸ղŻϢ·м䣬Ѫ˲Ⱦܵ·档 
 
ȺзֲļУڶ˾򿪳šǿʼ£ȥһһ㡣 
µļУʤϽϳ뿪ֲ̫ˡ 
û͵رȥ嵽Ǹ׳ǰѾľϵһȭһŵȥ 
ûסңҲûסңֱǴ׳Ѫ棬ֱԼƣֱһȺرסΧס 
죬ɳ¼ڹȥ·ϣһ·ᣬĬĬؿų磬ڱңžƳ̣עҡǰֻ˸дšѾÿֲˣ



һ ٻص10

       ĻɫŨͬһɫͲĳǰ ҶͣһԵĽγ֣ȥɣܿԼ 
²ĵغٸ˵仰 
ҺܲԸ߹ȥȻѶ 
ǹ֮οյıŴ򿪣һܼģͷк˭ 
Ҵ磬ȥͨһ˵ܻˡ 
ֻ֪иܣû˵иܰ 
ʲôȥͨ͸Ͻȥͨ 
úúãԵȡ 
һһŮ˵𣿰ѽܻ˰ 
˵ŮǴɩ 
ͷæţһ˵ϹˣϹˣ֡ 
۵ĻԣǸɫС԰ˮأһ·߹ȥЩˡǿտĳأͣżγǸߴĲֿ⣬ŹصʵʩĳһЩģӰǿҵĵƹ½ŵæµš 
ǵһһİɣɩЦʡ 
һҸ 
ǰøƤⲻæŰµĹ̸ꡣ 
ƺôɩҿ˺ܶ࣬оԭȵİ 
̤һŴʯ·ʱҷһȺһΧһԲʲôԱ߼˵Ц 
ϽЩˮóʦЩˣҼܸջҲء򿪿Σɩͷ˵ 
ҲλҴæأôˣ 
æûء 
ںˡԭȵĻˣʡ 
أԽԽˣҶʲô 
㶼֡ 
ܰɩǰжԲסĵطɱȥʱ⡣ 
⻰ˣǰҿɺãһֱأЦŴĻ 
ɩһ㶣ȻܿѳЦ˵һˣʲôòõģӦõġܣλɶ° 
һֵ飬ҲֻܰˡˣţţأҲԸ˵¡ 
ŶȥʡһѧУˣϵģ˵ﻷá 
һȥģ˭չ 
ѧУȫסѧУиķרְչûµġ 
ʱѾˣƺʵûȥĻ⡣ 
粻ڣһ߰ɡ˵ 
߰ջߣʲôѵѴɩˣ 
ǣǣмҪҴ硣 
Ǻãһ£Ҹĵ绰˵߽꣬һԵķ 
֣ȷʵôɩ仯ͦģҵ˵ǰһѵ﷢ʲô£ 
־òᣬΪǴκͶɩͨҲû˵ʲô°ֻ˵ȥຣˣߺͼһܡҪ淢ʲô£һҵġ 
ܣĵ绰ҵţɩӷ߱߸һֽ 
ʲôұ֣ʡ 
˵绰ҲӡɩЦ˵ЩΡ 
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Ͳҵ绰ˣҶ˵õꡣɩҡͷԳ 
ôˣɻ 
һʱ˵ȥ°ɡܰɩǰжԲסĵطǧȥ 
ɩǧô˵ĵؽһҲҲʣ֪֮䷢ʲô 
Ͳ׼Ҫˡ˵ţҪ 
ɩңһֱɴҰŮˣֻһֱûȷ֤ݡֱһ죬һƯĹ߽ţŻȻǹԼ˵ѾֹһˣҪɩֻҪ֣ʲôԴӦ 
ʵ˾ͷԣҲ㡣Ҳ׼ˣǮʹɩˣһǮߵķݣҪߵġ 
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ǰɣ˵ұˣԼá۾ʮˣͷõɶʱԼòʲôƽϣҲû˶ԼôǸƷˣҪɶɶġأʲôȱͻȻ䣬ȴһ㾢ûС˵˵һʧȥôȫأ 
Ǻǣͦӵġ 
˵ʵڣȻûѪԵϵô磬Ҳôɩӡɩ˵˵Ļͷʲô鲻ģסҲϴСˣҸԼõĹѻˣѡġ 
ϣҪ뿪ʱɩͻȻһŷ˵ЩǮŰɣҲɩЩĲϱˣǺɩӣʹɩӼɡ 
˱ſڣµĳתͷһɷǷĽ֣ԼǸվڱſڣįͬҶĴɩ 
ɩǸиˣ治֪⹷ҵôǮƵϹ±߿ 
ʲôи 
밡ôǮȻŵ£˫Եģɩܲи 
˫ԣ 
ǰÿμǶġ 
Ŷ˼ӡ 
ˣôӦæ𣿡



һһʮ ٻص11

       ҹ11࣬ϵϴ硣 ˭ 
磬ң 
ܣզ绰ˣ 
ˣԸһ绰ұ߽ӵ绰߿˿Աߵ¡ 
ЦŸ˸Ĵָ 
ڻ˵˰˵ɣҸɶ£ 
ûɶ£뿴硣Ķأ 
ͱ𶺸ˣûɶ£Ҵ绰ⲻ̫߳㼸ѳԷأͷٴ 
û˵áͼŰѵ绰ˡ 
ôڹȥ𣿡¸Ͻʡ 
ȥĶҰһ۵ 
ûӦ㰡ɣ 
ǵǣҹСʱٸ绰Ҹоûá 
Ϊɶô簡ңղıֲġ 
оѣҪȥݿ⼸칻æˣûտԼ⡣ 
û£չˣˡ 
ʵϣ֪ԲúܣҲ᲻⡣ңüǵã绰˵Ǿ仰ˣҲӭ㣡 
οӴɩ֪ԽԽҲҸİʴӡǲ²͸ʲôĥﻰ˼ҶǵǷгʮӵ̸¼ 
ȥˣܳɲɡ 
ְɡ˵ţʼ 
ţҸ硣οʼηƽʱôңһһʮ˵͵׵顣 
¸տʼû񣬵˵ǱʱʼЦҽѾЦʱ㻹飬ֱ̫ܳˣ 
ģƭ𣿡Ҳ̲סЦ 
˵ߺȥңΪҹɩ֪֮һЩҵظңɩͶֱˣһʻţʺϡ˵ţӳ﷭ЩͶɩĺӰҿ 
ҽӹƾųϸꡣ 
ƬĵģഺƯһ໥ޣɻЦݣ񴺻ѡ¶ĵԲԳƣ¶ҰŮӵV͵ƣŶƬ˶еͼ 
ҿƬʡ 
˭ɩ 
 
ðɣ⼸ٺһˡ磬ͷݹ죬͵ķ˲ 
ԼľƵԡôȥ죿 
ˣ˵ǵʲܹˡҲ°ǾƵԡ粻ˡһֱҪͱ⵰ˡ˵˵Ҷɩô͸ĸһأ 
˭֪Լ飬ۻǱôࡣˣСʱ˰ɣ 
¿˼ӡ 
Ժ󣬵绰ٴνͨ 
˭һŮӵ 
Ҵ磬𣿡 
˶ˣ˭ 
ܡ 
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硣ֽ 
ܰȼ˰ɡɣĶɳȥǼ˵ 
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󣬱֮ǰӵ绰Ůӽʲôֻܰ˵иܣû˵иء˼һûԱء 
󣬵绰Ҷˡ 
ʮӺӭһɫĽγհ˾ͷǴܰɣ 
ӭش𣺡ǵġ 
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ǰĺɫγ˸ƯĴ䣬Ȼ·ϡ 
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˵һ㶼ûҲоرǽʱ 
ЦеڿϣһԼ뺷ĺĿޱضǡֻ࣬ҾͼһȫİĴ磬ΨһҾϤģЦԼ˵ 
ܣɣҲк˵ 
磬㣬æЩȻżɽ 
ҰæܰǴҰæİô첻ȥˣ뵽ˣ 
ǵǣΪһѣ״ˣ˵ֻ 
æҿɰﲻϰ緢ˬʵЦһԵĺˣҲ໥Ц 
˵Ц䣬Ȼţ֪Լ˷Ŀġ 
ţ¥ŮˣߵС˵ЩʲôȻ˵ǵȻȥȥ 
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һһʮһ ٻص12

       ʮӺ󣬼绹û¥½ȥߡұʾͬ⡣˭֪һԵĺֹﲻܣµȵȰɡ °һۣܲ¡ 
Ӹڷ䴫ţһЩЦҲ˳ϸ֮󣬻һЩḡŮӵһһʱеŮӿż߱߿ޣ֪ԡ 
ⶼʲô˰ôңСҡ 
˭ȥ 
ʱ¥˴¥˵ 
˵ĽźʰϡӭǵԵıڻϰŮӣ۷ŵ磬ɬһʮµӣĺһ뺷Կ˺ࣺܶߵȣ 
˳ָķ߽һСͻȫһ⻬ĵ棬Լһ۰׵ǽڣһԲεıھΧɫɷǴۡϱ棬ŵƤɳվһϵĹӣƽղǳ 
ʱٴЦؽܣ̫æˣɣ 
ЦЦˣ鷳ġ 
Ӹս˿̣ѾӦһУҷǳԼôô˵ 
Ǻã˵ɣʲô£ֻҪܰæģһæͳܽңǺǡЦţƤЦⲻЦĥ͸Ϊ֮ǰѾ˵˴˷ǰĿģһھܾ 
ѵԼ¥˵Ļأ˵һֺη 
磬һѶ״ˣղ¥¸˵ˣæ 
ʲôѣǳҪ𣿡 
һѡ²˾졣 
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ǣ磬һǳõѡҼЦ˵ 
Ŷ򣬡˵ʱŮ˲Ӧ졣 
Цţʲôˡתͷٿʱһ˿ȡĽ̸Ҳû˵һ䡣 
Ű˵㿴ԼһҵûŮ˵ʸŮʲôԺˡоİ˰ɣ 
ûУ磬ԭĴ硣 
ܣڳˡǰɣһֱǸӣû㵱¡ɺҷֲ԰ѾǺˡǰ˵ʲô˰Ҫס㿴ڣ˭ҸסĽܣҵ˼𣿡 
磬ûôףȷʵһû˵ʲô˼ 
ûףüͷ 
ǵģֱӸҰɡ 
룬ղ˵ˣѾһˣǲǸΪԼΪ𣿡ƤЦⲻЦҡ 
ƣѵǴΣ 
磬ỹΪǴε³çɣ̽ʡ 
ôС𣿡ͻȻЦؿҡ 
ͻȻ仯ı飬ʹĶȻһһʱ֪ô˵źá 
ܣţôܣҲôСҪȻҲнĳɾ͡жж𣿡 
ס 
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һ󲻿ƵЦҼҪһ亹 
磬ҴˣԭҰɣӽҶˣԲǰ 
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ã㲻ͺá㣬ôˣҪôŮˣôɩ 
찡ѵɩ¸˵ˣ 
ҶȻоһ죬ڸղûĻǣҷǳЩζرܲ˵ġ 
ǸʱҾԼĿɶģҪΪĴ̼Ϊβ 
ʲôأȷ˵һ͵͵ضڷšӡοˣ³һڴ̼Ŀ󣬶ʱַһֱţǸĿռ˺ԴȫϤˣиȻ㡣 
ʱĸоΪ꣬ſڽȻ߳ŭңɹΪҲ֪СӣҲҵŮˣ֣ 
ôģҶˣȷʵҲ䲻ȫǴ˵һ仰۰ҵķϣ԰Ǽ£и뾡ƬضԶϢݹײϣ 
һ¸ںĽŲһһţҵúܡЩļ¼βĨȥ



һһʮ ٻص13

       磬ҶűӺ˯Ը⣬źܶ໭档ֱ֪ǶЩʪĿҲųʪֱСδ绰ЩѣҪصʵ ֻһ۵绰һԣٴˮϴһȫ־Ҫ¡ 
򿪴ž࣬Ҳ˳ϵףȻϤȫСϰյģЩ߸ߵ͵̶̵͡ķݻ¥΢оţβ룬ͬáԶ𣬴١ 
Яָվͷ˸绰ԤҹĳƱ׼ҹȥϣһرݺҲû˵˵ѳǰȻضųǰ·ƿʲôҲû˵ҿһۣأ³кҲû 
Ҳ飬һʱ޷԰Σʵڲ֪ø˵ʲôѡ˳ĬҲ£Ǹαɵˣһֱĸ̫ͻ 
һϣ򿪣С 
ʤ磬ˣлл㡣УʣЩǮ߰ɡһŬǮǷǲֻϡ˵ţһŷݸҡ 
ϻҾͰϢȻû̫İաȻǸ˻ˣһȥ 
СЩǮǻŰɣԺ¿ʼҪҪˣ֮ǰЩ˵תɡ 
˵ɣʤ磬һת 
һ˭йȻˣͱرܣ̹ȻЩɣӣ𹼸˴ҵŬڶСǸùӦúúϧʤĽء 
Сɬ˵Щˡ 
Ц˵˵׵ġ 
С緹Ҹ´˸绰ҹߣл⼸İæϣԺܱءҲû˵ֻ˵֪ˡ˵绰 
û뵽Ӻڷſڣпűߣ㶵ؿҡ 
Ҫ𣿡 
˵أҡ 
Ǿɣվſ˵ 
Ӧվſ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡˵ߡ 
֪ 
ΪһֻǣƤǣ 
֮²ûбֳʱ˵˵ЦЦҾɲѣĦо̲ĻɽСĵЦ˵ʲôҾ͵ͷ˵ 
ţȾƣұʾͬ⡣ʱԱƿ׾ƣԼһЩ̡ǱıСĵȫЩű߼ʵĻ磬ͻȻ˵Ͻ֣һƯﴩһ˿࣬˿ĺɫڿȫ¶档 
˵ˣԼЦҲźǺЦЦ 
ңúЦ𣿡 
˵ôЦ 
˵Цƨ 
˵ǰΪƨɲЦ 
֪˾񣺡һϲåӣ˵˵ǰôåСġ 
ֻһ䣬Ҿˣ˿᲻˵ȥ 
ҵ֧̣⿴žƱ˵ 
˵û¶˵Ų⡣ 
£ˡҲ˵Щ 
˵ʤܣԼҵĶɩɣģ 
ҾԼһģ·ղְһӡ 
Ҳ˵˵Ҳ£ܽܣΪ£ҲֻܸɵóҾˣΪβҲأ 
ˣ£ 
ʲôˣ 
ԣֹͣҵ䣬ܹˡ 
ûаο㻹ں𣿡 
ضƣһ 
ģˡ㡣˵ţҲӣһڼס 
Ҫʱһס֣ˣˣҲˡ 
΢һָֻܿ򶨣ɩ𣿡 
룬˭롣ҷ֡ 
ôңߺﻹ˭䣿 
ǰﻹ˭ֵһأ⣬ʵ̫ˡ 
ûаɣҲٻһС 
һ㣡֪Ҫ㣬վɫ΢죬߹ʤ㣡 
û뵽ǣƵסҵ촽ûֻգ۵ؿ۾峺ôȫ 
֪ǸˣΪλҪʲô 
Ҹоʪ촽ԼݺЩζĿ㡣ͷػ͸ȡȻ٬С֣ǰ½롣絽ϣңͷ˱﷢ƵĴϢ 
Щ㱣ӭȥһֱһСȥɽͼǻ 
أͷֱͦʼŤ



һһʮ ٻص14

       ڱ˴пʼŹ뱻ĽѾ·ĺɫ֣Լ֮Բ鷿˺ǰѾʼŦۣȲΪΪ ͬһڸɺѾõˮˮ󣬻ų죬ʼн϶ 
ͷʼҲΧε˫صϸֱĦҸоƨ΢΢䶯ҵ޹˼ɣѸٱһֵľȫ鲻ԽҪȥ䶯ƨ 
ҲѹѾã޷ƣҡԵĿСĿռò赲Ҫûһϰݵδ˵ļ顣 
ȻڶһС 
ֹͣ˼飬סµţ𣿡 
ĵطû˹ܡϣ 
ˣɣȥţҽ𣬷һԵϣȻվ¿㣬·¡ 
Ŵ򿪡ҳԾǣ˾ȻǶ磬ҡŵļһСģ 
ôӭ𣿡Цʡ 
ѾһУȻЦǶ簡ôп 
Ц˵ѵ𣿽ҪЩ¶ȳȥ 
䣬±㱻ǼС˳ȥǡ顱һţ漴ϱյ졣 
һţߺ磬ĵطɲǼ֮󣬱ҵĽŲнԶ 
ɳȻ̧ͷңܸܰ𣿡 
վǰ۾ɡӦ磬˵ˡ 
ˣ˵һ飬ղһûվԴһĶҡ 
һԵļҲվͷȥѵ𰡣𰡣˵Ǽ£ɶ° 
Щȥ 
ܣ˵˵һ顣ָղơ 
˵ʵڣҲ˵ʲôҲںвĿ෴Щƺû˵ӡο׻н죬ӱܡɣܵս 
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