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һ ɽ ͯ

       һΪֻصĴ½½½زǷһͷӣмѵҳʮȽ죬ܳܽ˷֮һңһ齣δ½ܵ󺣰ΧšȻлֲƬƬ죬Сһ岼 ½ֵȺ۲𣬱֮ʣΪǧʷĻĻʳȻߵյ㣬·ռΪʱҪҵĻİټˡ 
ȻȻˣ·Ӣ׷ɣռɽۡʱһУһеһУ˵ķҡ 
ʲôʱʲô壬ϰգϰҲˣҲҪԶ׷ҳ·еľ͵زξеΪçЩˣȫ٣ɽ֡Щ׳ߣֻųϦӡ 
Ļʳش½Ľֻ֣ش½½½Ž𷢱۵ˣĳ֮Ϊˣм䱻 
ɽԭĻʳвҲҽ뽣Ľ⣬ݺǧƽǧף߷Ʒߴǧףֻش½ߴɽ֮ɽˮݳȺζѡһյȷҲڲ֮ͬ 
һշķȷһֻһ׳ǧ״ڶ£ɣγһԲһҵĺ̶΢һȺ֪ӹȥɫС㡣״ɢĴʮʮéݡʱֵ磬ϴ̣һ԰ 
ͻȻһſڴһۣȴ峺Ľлһ磬磬ң磬ĶѽǳԷˡֻһСѾͷСӣۺۺСϣһ˫ںĴ۾ˮ飬ȻһѾϴ÷׵ĻС£ȷôҲڸǲСɢĿ飬ϾˣŶֻСݼףһСɽµСϪִһۣȴĻžͿ߸չһ׵СӰСϪײײسСѾͷߡ 
֮£ԭСкС϶ѾǺУϻͣźˮѿʲôģˣûǣÿ˶һ˫峺۾ȻСһ˫ֺСƺץʲô 
һң˭ܻؼңһӦŶŶû棬϶ûꡣ 
ţץһĺãͬ⣬һأ 
ã 
һŶǰ¼ӣС嶼ǳ׷һҲƵȥ 
۹ҵһҮ 
Ǻǣò 
һֵӴ 
ſڣСѾͷܵĸ磬һСһ壬ߣһתСݡʱſڵСϣһ֣֮Ϊεı飬໥һۣȻңĿͣһϡ 
һܣ磬ǵŵŶǿ˵õ˭˭ӦŶģɱڰҹϻˣǱﵹˮλǿˣ֮£Ŷ㻰Щˡ˵꣬ץзСһС۰תݡ 
ңҲǵͷһ˵ı飬 
һС 
éаڷһԭľİ߸һСݣֱһ鳤εĲ䵱Ҳԭľɣг˼Ųľ⣬ʱΧСˡϼ򵥵һĸСһȴǳԵýζķֱһһŮԼʮҡеɫڵһֱſӵϣϼ룻ŮķɫеƫڣȴСѾͷ߷ƣ۽ǴЩԵƣóʱһˡ 
ңǽȥСϪץзˣŮؿż̻ʵСһ 
ţǵģץ⼸ֻз˳ԡСһһǷˣһ߻ش 
ߣʱֻСѾͷе꣬Сݺݵذλûĵĸһۣţ۾ھͳˮͷˮ£СﻹǲŶһ棬Ŷһڼأ~Ŷÿ 
ǵģǳȥʱŶ˯أ˵СϪɽ£·ߣˤˡСһһۣҲͣеĿӣ 
ţǵǲŶ桱ң˵š 
ˣŶˣ´θǳȥ棬һġһһڰŶᣬһ߰ο 
˵Ҳ֣ڵʮʮ˼֮УôСͱֵڲͬĸ棬֮ڱҵĶʮͯƺ˼еһΪͻ 
ȻһͻԼͯһģȴѾ֪ҪԼСˡ 
Ŷ޵ʱóİ 
ǰǰŶˣ´γȥһ㣬ץзһ˳ԣˣΡ 
ƭˣϴҲ˵ֲŶŶҲˣ~СѾͷͷǲϾͷȴû˷֣ڵͷĴ۾Уʱһߣ磬ǲŶ棬һҪǣԺ󻹸ҶҡСѾͷ޺޵š 
ŶˣһСľ͸ˣò 
ǰǰңҲˡ 
ţټϷѣ㿴˲Сһֳһͷʹʹģ 
𣿸˵ҪŶˣҪ֤ŶСѾͷֻСһæ̧ͷǷཱུСϻۣʱı飬ģµķıóѺĵЦݣƺ˵ǲĺ 
ŮӿСŮ֣Ӷһۣг簮飬˵ţã֤͵һ֤˼ȴٴηɵǰ 
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ǰĻʳһεӹɫ޶ȣż鳼ıó£Ҳոˮ֮УձƵø·򣬷׷췴Լ룬Ծƹ֮С׼һһ©ļң׷ʧǰ 
Դˣʼոѩϼ˪һԿɽСޣ˶ѲڣΪԼҵһĶֵճ顣 
СУСʱһϷ飬һЩҵҪڼƽڻû£һ˼֮֪ͻִܸɣһЩ¶⣬ӵȻǵõԵ޳ɣ޴ҴҴһУף׵֪ԭ򣬾ʮ˼ͬ㣬֮Уɽȥɽһطš 
İ棬Ѿ߽ɽΧ˴˼ʱҰ޳ûҺŶʮ׳Сӣũߣû֮ǰҵҲ 
ʱɫѽɽҴҴɽҹȻϿǻΣյġ 
˵ǰͷԻмСҶһģƽʱҲȽ죬Աұ̸ŻͻȻǰеĽŲͣŶʲôüͷɫЩɲ 
ôˣԼͣ£ҲֹסǰеĽŲ 
Ը磬ҺӤĿ޺ 
ӤĿ㣬ɣɽֵģӤѽ~ԱһͬСţ 
ģţԸ磬ϸǴǰ洫ġȻ֡ 
˿棬Ҳϸ 
ӤĿ޽ˣǰ棬Ҹȥκȷ˵ 
ʱҲԼˣ׷׸ԣǰȥɽ··ǳߣ˴ԼһңѾǳҶӿ˽Ųѭ˼ʮףһŴ£Ǵϴ̧ͷһشԼ׸ߵ֦ϵǴ洫 
죬Ը磬ţǾ쳣 
˵ԣţ⼸СѾ£Һţ档 
Сĵ㣬ţźӡ 
㣬Сһôأµġ˵ţţһһ⿪֦ϵĲ 
һӣһѪ飬ϲͣţĺӣĺӡ 
Ѫ˵Щʲô 
Ը磬¡ 
ôˣǻõ˵ģ㻹˽𣿡Щֵص 
Ը磬Ѫ˵ĸĸ⵽׷ɱӵ˴֪԰ȥңһ֪ϣҲʱ䲻ûж˵ֻӵ֣նûУȣúӸǵաԸ磬ǣӦ 
ӣȫǳ谮ǺǵЦˣ¶ģεȻҲһҲǳϲСӣ˵ʲôģĺӲǵĺ 
~Ը磡ԵЩ 
ϲ§ԼӣˣʲôһӣӦø˲ٿޣͱСèˡ 
̧ͷԣԸ磬޸㣬ⱲҸ£ 
ԣŵֲԽֽ˽һоڲСüСĽý 
㣬Ը磬νзݣǵģţҵ¼Һ󻹻ţҲһݣţҲŪɵͲˣˣѵСһ˵ǲԸ磿ţЦ˵ 
ԸмЦЦص´ţļ 
лл㣬ţԺ·Ҿ溢ɵˡǳҲףҪӣķǳѣ˵ļ࣬ԵıΪͱҺ񡣶ţƽʵ 
ţ˵öԣзݣһһ׳еǾС㡱һĻԵСǶ׷׸͵ 
󣬾һµļ棬һ·ɽԽ룬мղΪ˵Ҳ޾֮·ֻڽ˵ģڣڴЭ֮£оյҵ⴦԰ 
ʱ䣬Ҳڲ֪ꡣ 



ڶ ϣ

       ƽӣʱǹ÷ɿ죬תۼ䣬һ԰Ժ˳ƺ֪ɽˣʱͯչ֣Ե˵ ȴһ磬ңաҲڰǰĽ죬ǲ֪֦ϣСһΪ֪ʵĳڣͰ춨ΪǵһȻ޷ֱĸĸСǴţİ취ţ˵ǴССͷΪ磬ԴƣС㣬ӲǱ˸ŵȣǵСһɵΪСôҲˡŶڴҶ԰ĵڶ꣬ˣôλֵСŶƽʱСһﶼƵģҽǵСãжģҪһ磬߷ң硣ǺǣСһﶼϷСǵĽҲǱȽϳɹģСŶǰôƺλľ֪ˡ 
,СǶոµĺƤƳɵ·ƤǵĸɵƽʱʱģǵСãһȺͬĺͯһڲԶСèèȻ·ôСŶȻСһ϶ǲðˡ 
һ磬ҿŶɣ֪Сġ 
֪СŶˡֻСѾͷСﶫһ˫۾תţһﻹͣĽлС죬СԭѽɱץˣȳǸ䣬㱻ץģǻŶ~СѾͷ˵һ˫ֺС֣ģĲһǶȣ͵ˡ 
ʮ룬ûӦСѾͷе㼱ˣٲץŶץ˸ˣߡ˵꣬һ˫۾ֹת 
ʱֻһСкŶ㣬ȳˣȥץСɣ˵˵ȳĲ䡱һͷԵĴԼСкǰ治Զ˳ͷϣ·ϣմ˿ҶϸմŶһ飬һͣɵ㶵Ŷ 
ŶСӰֳ˽ı飬˵Сʢһ仨иϵˣôСأ~ͻȻ֮䣬СѾͷе㲻ˣΪʲôûб˻ϵأСԴµ⣬ôҲ벻ס 
ߣˣץһˣ˭أСֱץŶҮץӴСѾͷȻЦˡ 
СǱˡ 
ǰǰǱС 
Ѿεˣʡʡ 
СôͲѧأ 
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ֻһȺСһӲԶĸط֣Ȼһ˹ʱСɵ㶵Ĵţƺû֣Լϵˡ 
ûһҿʼŶС 
һŮͯԶ 
أ~һ磬ǿиϺöѪŶ£~~СѾͷܱ߿޺ 
ôˣŶ 
 
ôˣôˡ 
СһǶ˳СѾͷһ߿ޣһССظ~һ磬磬ǱиڵϣϺöѪÿ£أ£أ~ŶҪؼҡ 
һСѾͷһһ߰οޣŶǻؼҵȥ 
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ʲôȥСŶĿߺæеũ 
أŶҪȥŶ£أ 
ŶȥˣõСѾŵˣ֪λãǴȥһ˵ 
Ը磬ǴȥɣŶҴšԣҲ˽ܹôʮ˼ңһطģƽʱһˣ˭ˣҶͬܡ 
ãȥңǿ·Ҳܽ 
С 
ǰ棬ղſŶǴǱܹġһָǰ 
ԣԣǿȥңҲָͬط 
Բ죬˹ȥһ԰˶ߵĹľǰһطбĺۼЩɫӰӣ²ľֻһװģԼʮˣ棬£˿ڣѪ͸·һ˿ԣߵⶼѷɫҺ죬ɫȴǲ԰ףγǿҶԱȣ产ˡ˫ֻһʵֳ 
ԿҲһԲɽˣ˲ͬսʤ˿־壬ǰ̽̽ıϢоϴ΢غüͷɣãоȡ 
Ȼȥ׼ˮ͸ɲϾ嵲ס˵ߣŵ 
ڹɭУȥһ˺󣬴濴濴УԼֻܿһɫӰڵϡ 
ʱִЩ 
Ը磬ôλֵܡ 
ţãкȻȥǴˡ 
ţͬԵˣ໥˿˵ͷ 
СһǣûУȻؼȥｻǾˡţ 
һȺԭֵСƽʱеǸߴĴţ壬ԣһɢһ磬ңҲ˳ȥ 
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ԼéϣһȫˣһţͿһһĳɫҩϣһ˵˿ڴۿ»ɫɲҰ׵ˣ΢΢ظ⻹һˡ 
һңһڴߵһľϣСŶڣʱһĻŵСѾͷ˵ʲôҲϽ 
Сһĺ˷ܣһֳִʱСָ£ϲʱ 
ǽɵ˵ɲһõģҪд˲Żʹġһ˫С֣ʽȻֻһףƵĽ뽣ҲʮˣһСжСȴ͸¶ĽƺСԴԼɵ˵ģЩдһ㣬̽ء 
²һǸдˣҪʦѧһ£ԺҲɵһȥԣõףŶ⡣һңһѧòãС͸࣬Ŀˡ 
ʱСңı飬ǳıʾ֧֡һǿųСȻҲ͸ʱʱĻعͷȥڴϵ²Ȼʱ²ûдò񻰵ɫۣڵһӡСһǾ;ˡ 
ţõġСһǻشͬʱСԴתȥϡ 
²ˣȥе׹һȻе 
ţõģȥСңȾܣеĳҲ˳ȥ 
һܵϣոۣȴ͸¶ЩɵĲЦЦ۵Сϳϲ 
²ѽûϵϾͻˣԡСһڴϣŴϵߴߴʸͣһ˫һʣƺܿĴ۾˿˿ϲá 
ӻͷһʱͶ˫֮Ϊ˫Ŀеĺ塣 
΢΢ĳ˳ƺǣ˿ڣ˻ĵ˿ŵԼӾ硣˺һŻ 
ʱңѾԣߵſڡ 
ûоúõˡһ򴲱ߣһ߹ĵʵ 
Ը磬ѣ廹̫ȥ࣬Ҳ̫ࡣæ߳ӣæȥˡ 
ӿʵķޣ㶵ؿСһֳ˳ƺûϴεʹˡ 
ллллǣҽ˻ƣ˵ͱ۾΢΢ƺֽ˯ߡôصˣʵ̫ˡ 
Լ״ҲСһ˳˷䡣 



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Զ϶ͯ͸ĸǺӹҵڣ˵üͷչ˿˴ɣһЦѧ书ΣΪڳϣֹΪ֮ףԴӳһֳһ潣֣ƾһѧΪ˶ٳ֮£ҲӲСƣβǰʦִһţɽʣľƷҩת굤ζҪʮΰ˴ˣﻹҵڡȻûǶķ򸾣Ҳ޿ˡôٰǵĺϽ·СһڵȻƽǣ˭˵ƽһأ뵽泩òǷƺҲһ˲ȴ 
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ĸСһһƬ簮Ȼദʱ䲻˭ܹܾ棬ƽһĺͯأ 
²ԽԽҮڶܳʱ߶ˡһܵú˵Сɫƺһһ󣬿ĵĽл 
ǺǣΪǼСһԲźõô죬ǿǲĹŶ 
ǵģǵģ͸ɵ˵ˣôصˣɱ粻ˣõô죬Ƕ˵д```ţԣǺС磬㵸ĵ 
ǰǰ²书ҲѧʹʱðɵһˡңҲĽл 
Ǻǣѧ书ǺܿģҪ£ϵܳԵ˿𣿡ЦǺǵʡ 
£ǲ³ԿģͽǰɡСѾͷˣ˵һ˫Сֻʹ䡣Ͳûȥˡ 
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Ҫѧ书Ļǵþǵͬųɣǵ̸˵޳ɣǲͽǣ``````````` 
һͬģѧûʲôãǲһң~СץСȭͷһ˷ 
ţǣһͬġңҲʮ㣬һ˵ͷ 
ҹԣһ̸ãԼһжԭԭĸޣûһ̸ԼĿޱϾͨĻ˽⽭նΪЩ˸ȥ·ǷԭҲ뼸СһһĴ㣬һݣ˸ֶ³ŵæͬСһǵ̬ȣеѰ죬ºӳʲô뷨 
󣬻˸취ֻ·óһɫ棬ȴ쳢鼮ȥֻҳֽֽƲǲʲôҲ˵ 
һŶзֵģˮ֣Ϊǰ˵ľؼϸһȻǣԪϸ뽭ϵԪһûʲô𣬶򵥣ֱǻԪһļ򻯰棬Ҳû⹦ˣҪǿ廹ûģҾ޸áľ͵һλ˰ɣǺǡ 
磬ҲΪ˺ǺãھΣ룬Ժ˽ġοš 
ϧҡҡͷ 
ڶ죬峿ߣһСӰ 
죬Ǹĸͬ䡱˫ֱ󣬷ճ΢ЦŸ߼Сһ 
ҮҾ֪һͬģǾǡСһߴߴ˷Ī 
̧̧֣ϵıֵ࣬ͬʱҲͣ 
ڽ֮ǰ⣬һ˵ж˭ܻش𣿡 
ɵˣһܿһֻĸСѾͷŵ 
ţһͷԼİٽҲ㲻ˣֻɵôΪţ𣿡ı黹һࡣ 
Сһ 
˵ֻܴмʮˣɵֻģͲ֪ˡСһе㲻ôȷؾûСӣյɽڣĴȽϣɼϻۡ 
ã첮͸ˣ棬иʮʡڵ˵֯и˽кڽգ˳ơ񡯣ܵţ˫ۺɴ˵󲻴󣿡 
ۣô 
СһһݣʮͷĸҮһȻǸж 
֮ڽȴֻڶ֣ʮʡڵڣҲֻǸѣ˵ǱȱȽǣҲǧͳƽ 
²㲻˵ôô˱ءСɻСһҲգŴ۾ʾס 
Ϊ󣬲Ǹ˵꣬ɽȥ 
һʯ֮ͣ¡ǰһ׵ʯֱԼң̦ 
վ벮ʮԶĵطšʯͷҲص˵ 
СһǻǷǳܵԶ˫Ĵ۾һգգĶסǰǸɫӰڴʲô`````` 
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һǰʯϴͬʱҲĸСһĵΪ󿴵׸ߵʯ·״ϷһĵطͻȻѣϰʯ⻬ƽ 
䡯һƽɽ㣬ʯأһɳ 
СһƺѾˣСŵһ󼦵ٳٲܻ 
ˣǹƺʵ 
ۣġҵ񰡡磬ңҽС 
²㻹𣿡СŶ 
ֻСһ죬ضסʯ棬Ʈǰ棬ȴһģĽлŶǵĴСжŲʡ 
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˵鷳ʵֻһɲǵ£Сһĸоо˵ķӣȴҲ⡣Сһģ˸ղһ˲ѹʱڵı֣ȻڻûҲûо֮˵ 
ŸղԴһ˲ģ䣬һƾջԼҲһâ˳µĹ켣ɿУڹϵһ˲䣬ƺҲһĪĲȻⲨ˵ССؾ裬Ҳ޷иоʱСһȴУʵʵڵظܵˣ·һ˲䣬ԼͻȻأؼĪҲܹԼ˼룬仯о˵棬˵ 
оһҡΣһعСѾͷЦЦһͬǰ 
һı֣ҲΪ⣬ΪСӿ˼֮º󣬴סˡСһСҪЩʲôֹ̧̧ס 
ʲôҪʣǽŸղŵĻ⡱ 
ָǱض׸ߵʯʯͷһǧϣ˵ƾŲܲܰ 
ʻСһСǸ߲һװˣģٿǿףֱҵʯСԴôҲ²ܰ 
ܣ²һܾøղŵķһ۵ᶨĻش 
ղ²˵Ǹʲôڽյʯһǧ²ôܾٵأŶСüͷɻǳ 
ң򿴼ղ²ı֣ԵԥΪǵСԴղһʯɲܸɵģȻѾһˣôһҲͲôˡ 
ЦЦƾұʯȷܣȴа취ʯٹͷ 
ף²˵Ŷףһ˵ٲһ˵ܾٹͷСѾͷš 
Ƕ˺㣬ϸˡ 
һףҲ߹ͷʯǰһףֻһգ˶ʮ׸ߺַ䣬漱ѿݡһХˡûǽʣһײ°ʯȻ˫Ƴ죬ƽ죬׸ߵϰʯ̧֮ 
ͻȻԭƽţһ޷ԶڼٷС졣˫ֵ̧ĳʯȻҲ˵棬ϰաСһıʱֱ÷ḻʡ 
Ŷһ˹ı飬СŵԲԲģֻ۾Ĺĵء 
ң磬һۣȻˡ 
ֻһԵƽ쳣Ȼϡһ˫۾ضסϴһ˿һ 
һ𡱣˫ֶȻйͷʯ֮׶ߣڿֺͣǰȥ 
䡯һʯء 



 Ԫ

       Ҫǵǣ֮һ޾һ˵ȴƾһʼ³ˣһʯʯǿþһ```ҪɾͣȾ͵˵֮ǸǧϵĴСɣߣܷܣֳ뼫ƷֲΡ ²㹦׵ãҲޣɾͲߣڽеĴ߶˲εĹв㹦ͱȽѵˣЩһͻýʿӵȺᣬÿδ¼¼ʮǲݵģߵĺ¶ݿɼһߡ 
в㹦ܵȷǴ²㹦ܹģͬλභһΣԶĻָ似ܱ潣ȻƣָȭȣֱôͲ㹦߾ˣΪȭഥ䣬˴ھײв㹦֮²㹦Ǵ͸ֻǳ־Ҫǿ屶ֹв㹦ǿв㹦صܣв㹦²㹦֣Եһ㣬бһЩأȲϸ˵ 
ˣͬв²ϣǰһ㶼ʤ屶֮˲㹦඼ϵУȻһЩĶҲӵС 
ϲ㹦֮ҲǷëˣ˽еڣڣɣа֯еˣƳǣʮʡڵˣʮʡڵ˵ĸ߲⣬бҡ 
Ȼֻ˽ģʵǲأˮֻش½Ǻܴܴ 
ļƷֻ֪еɵλǰġֻءһΣܿɽƱɫ`````` 
˵˴Լᶨ֮¶һ֣Ȼ֯ĸɫ 
ĸСһһſضСϵɫǱĪ```ƾϲĽƺ£ٳٲܻ 
Сһǵı飬΢̾˿ɫ֮Լֺγԣʦʱ˷ܣδ㽣ʱ᣻ɾʱϲãʦʱ緢뽭ķâ¶ʮʱĿ˵ĽޣѧĶŮԼ𽥵صĹЯŪףһƺλðáһδ׶ʦſʦ𣬻󿴵ΰһĻӻ㣬ͷ룬ĴӣĶŮ˶԰ʬɲǼĵ˻ˮʦй£ʮǧѰףһʮʱĻңˣΣףһ뽭ѣ˼ع飬Ӽᶨ 
ҪǵǣԪ˹ǲһŶãϣˮ֣֪ǷƷ̸ǲʦžѧƾΪʦŸƽͬ⣬⴫ֲ沮ɽ˲д˾ĸСһ࣬ȴһ仯ʦԭµӵԣǣҲԭ²ǵ˽ġ 
²⡮ԪʲôεĹѽġƾϲ㹦أС磬۾ת˾֮ģ·˽֪ 
ѽѽ⡮ԪûвġƾѽСѾͷֱӶˡ 
ңҲǿǵɫġԪȴšĸĸ 
ֻСһޱ飬ֻǾվš 
ǺǣġƾȻܲСѣҪСɣʮ֮ɣ⡮Ԫȴֻ֣Ҫһ꣬ͻ֣⹦ҲȡƾıǳȻšԪܱСŶСԴ 
²ҶȲˡСǣеȲ 
ǰǰ̣СѾ̧С°ڣʹҡΰ 
ţף֮һҪԣʱֻʱʮĵ㣬ֻʱ㣬ΪԪΪ֮ʱʱɴ°빦֮ЧȻƽʱҲǲЧûʱáһ㶼ʱֻʱңƽʱһЩܹƿÿһԪʵսеã⣬Ҳһʵߵ;ҹֻʱʮĵ㣬һʽָԪڣҾɢ˰ɣҲҪϢһ¡԰գ˰֡ 
ղŵľܣڻûó׵壬ҲǲСĸɫЩס 
ԺСһȻȲҲǳµ߿ˡ 
```````````` 
ҹֻʱʮĵ㣬¹ں棬һ΢Բ⣬ҲһСӰֻǸĳ֮ʽ˫۽ա 
оһɣϸؼԪȻЩõĴԪڣѨ̳꣬ʮ£Զȵ˭ѨڳУ͸ҡͳԵ˶ 
ʱĸСһ۵Сϣһ֣֮Ϊ飬ֻżɻ󣬱ʾǻû״̬ 
ۣģ΢ŵ̾˿ 
һڵϣСϲޱ񼫶˼СģһƱ²Ľ̻ҲԽԽԶ 
ʱһһĹȥΧһƬޣƺôҲо²˵Ԫɵģһе㽹 
ͻȻ䣬һʯһĻٿشܽСһԴɫĹâµ·ͻѹһĻĻȻȻģһģʱĸо 
ԼһâµĹ켣һһС 
ڣڻ뵽ʮΣ֮ʱƺһ󲨶һĸܸԣƺֻص졣 
ƿһеоøؼԾ֮ɰһָѸٵӿһоӿȰһһ 
ͻأأʧо಻ڡ 
Χִ΢ķˮײ̵žž 
һ˫ 
磬ңŶǾڵϣޱϲ²ȴվԼʮ׵ĺߣ˼ 
һƽһ¸ղűŵЩصĺ´ŵһƬ֮ 
ղô£ӿİԪ𣿵²˵ԪɫѽҸտʼʱǺٺٵһ֣𽥵͸Ѩһ˿ԪȻٽطչ׳󡣵ôȴָоЩӿʱҵ޺أ 
һ˼ãЩ벻ףҪȥ²´ŵǣֱ۾ܡ 
ģΧһƬڲղŵ״̬£һôҲоʲô˵ԪˣղɵİҲûˣ˼һƬޡ˭ܵһ͸оԪأղҲ˵ˣԲͬʱ䳤̲һм¼һҲ˾ʱ䣬ոܵԪʮһѨγһ˿У߰ǰݺỪĻʳ֮õһˡϷ㣩 
ְСһеĸ꣬ˣ֮ģ˸ղһĻ 
αȽ˳ڻйеھűʱ״̬ 
ΧɰһǳܣΪ׼һǱʶУûЩĴ㣬ԣЩ಻ӿһЩ飬ƺǳһȷˣЩԼ޺жϡ 
ôķһЩڣǲǻأСһܲסϵǿջ 
һ㣬һ㣬ûµģ£²أ²дˣҵġСһҰοҴߡ 
ʼһڣȻѨ 
ʱһ˼Уֻɰķֻһ̣ڡ 
ʱһ޷ݵоϮһƺΧһУˣոջеʱأ˫ϴ΢ĸоҲʧˡ 
磬صһСֳһܵ飬ʱţֱԽԽǿҡ 
һ˼Уֻһưڣʼ򣬵ԽӿԽ죬ԽӿԽСϣָϸİɫһ㡣 
ʱһڵѨҲ𽥱ɫܿأѨˡİڲͣӿ롣 
ʱѨѾʹʹʱƣͣ 
磬һСѾĺˮٽšһ𣬶ΧƺҲʵ̫СˣΧ΢һ㣬ûܸоõһԼ 
һѨڣѾǷСʹһ֪ӿİٲֹͣԼĪ· 
˵֣ͷһǼӿİ˲һ㣬ͻأֹͣˡΪĲӿ룬ӿľҲƽϢ 
СһѸٵ۾شˮСϣʹеҰס 
ΧһƬ˵Ϊ˵СһһУȴԵС 
ңȻһƬƽţСѾͷȻҲ۾СѲڰ꣬ʱüʱС΢ţֹʲôԶ²ҲƺһɲĶ³˼ 
һٴһ࣬Ҳйɡڲ˲ϵĺˮ׵ƽ 
`````` 
һȻ͸оСѨůģ£ƺʹľղŵʹ벻ʣǴûгֹһ㡣 
ʱ˿̣һҲҽ״̬ˡ 
Ŀ˼СػŸղǾĶǵһĻ`````` 
һĻĻػ룬ʱ⵹ǷŵӰһ㡣ͻȻأһüͷչ˿Ҳ˾ϲЦ 
ԣƣǿƣӵһģ¶״̬һܹأЩĸоղžҪЩʱǲŽҵģΪҸղָоûֹǵ룬ЩѡΣʱֹͷǾͻȻֹͣˡġ 
 



 ȥ

       ֪Уȥ¡ ״һûиʼΪ²֣ʱƣһҲоԼƺûʲôףǸӵ 
Ϊ磬ңŶȺоУáԪγһѭ 
вò˵¼˴ﵽ˳ 
磬ʮʱ䣬͸ܵԪĴڣڵʮɹ˵һ˿ģıԪ 
ǺβεĹҪĶ壬γһԼıԪȻвϵĹԪ𽥵ӦֹγɹеԡƱԪߵĸڣԺԵУǹľֻ͸֧ԪǲʧģҲñǻ֣͸֧ԪʧĵزôҲɢˣԺгɣ˵ΪǧɢȴҲ٣ 
ڶңˣ죬ҲоԪڵʮ壬γС 
СѾͷĳɼƺҲ˵ҲڵʮиоԪģǳٳٲڣڵڶʮɹСѾͷֱЩԪΪССҲɽһСкŶ죬Сһﾭࡣ 
˵ѧ˱£ҪȥúùͨͨݺݳСһһա 
СѾͷرΪСܵĬ 
һڵڶʮŸԼҲˣҲ˳µĿʼԪ 
һĻʲôԣڹ˼ȴʲôҲû״̬õòˡ 
һ齲⹦·ʱͺ谭ĹԲҵһξת졣ң˵ǵһβһء 
˵ңڵԪǷ˿ĻôһľǩʣͬնȻЩֻһԼСܡ 
ȷĸСһ츳󣬸ʱ޷˵ҡͷ̾лϧϧ 
УȥʱΣСһԼĳ潣 
ǾǺŸ֮еġԼĽ֮ŵϣǾԻһȷѪ˺ɱ 
Ϊ潣롮ƾһϲܵ䡣ֻǰΪ 
Ȼ񣬽˭֪潣ڣϲ֮һģôҲڽϻˡ 
£һһ켸Сһܳɽȣ˽Ҳı֮ 
ɲ˵ָСһǣ̽Щ֪˽Ľߣ飬ѡϾڵĺպɲ˭°仢ġ࣬ɼһߡ 
ҪȥѽСѾͷ֣һ·ı 
ƺر£ȻĸСһǴǵ羰 
һ·ķ򣬻ǿԿӰڻŵĵطƶʱ߹ǴԹľǸƵľԽԽ 
Сһǣ²Ϊǰ˴򿿽ڣľ쳣ïʢּ·ߣǾľ 
ʱȴ߼һ£ǿػӶҵַɳǰ·Ӳݣľͳͳգһ׿ʮ׳ƽ· 
СѾͷһ·˷ĪСģΪƽʱɲʾı졣ȴһ̬Щ֡ 
磬ңһ󡣿˿˵ͨı£СһĿһȴʱʱüƺЩʲô 
ѵ``````һƺ뵽ʲôϵ̬Щ˸С 
һȺ˾㣬Ѱ·˾ǰ 
ԶڣǸƣϰ벿֣ѾƲ֮С֮£һ˵ɭȻϡƾһ˴֮䣬ֱ̬֮ġ 
һ·ֵСѾͷҲ 
ѽһ㲻棬ǳȥòãСѾͷžڣҡ䡣 
ҪˡԴģ 
ʲôҪȥѽǲǲҪŶˣСѾͷһ¾ͼˣסڵָסֱۣ·ס 
ǰΪʲôҪߣǲǲԺһĻ㲻Ҫߣ磬ңعСǳ˽벻ᡣ 
ΪµദѲ֪УԼˣı֮СӵУӢۣʹȻ˶ֵ˼С 
ֻһȽƽҪ𣿻𣿡˵˵ţȦе㷢졣 
ǶǺúӣҲ᲻ǣкҪҪȥ죬ò߰ŶСףŶԺҪúǵĻŶŬ˵ԺҪһŮģ 
ɲİ̺ۣڴʱŶҲôֲˣǳ˿ס 
ŶҪߣ~~ŶҪߡ˵˵ţһ죬ʹ졣 
˵ףϾǸСӰָýʲôء 
ɱŶı 
ûСһҪסˣԺҪȥ뽭һ㣻ȱҪһʯĹԲϹǿʯΪ׼˭ˣô͹⴦Ϸȥ㣬ôܷĵǽ뽭ȥ 
ɫԽԽ࣬ԽԽǣڽٸһһˣҪõʲôҪӦʵȻֻԼߵ˴ԵѣһҪסˡ˵ɫ 
ذСѾͷ˲ᣬ¡ 
СѾͷҲŵˣٿޡ 
һ˴ʱԣҲǾվ˵֡ 
ٴؿĸСһһۣǣҽһţڿն𣬷Ͻʮ׸ߵɽڣȻת泯ڣ档 
žֻڻһ֫ٵϴȥϵһٶ׵ĵطһ΢ͻɽңһ㣬˾û㣬ৡһ£ϴܼʮף㣬תۼѴϼס 
ģһһĻҪȥѭҪ£Ȼ̤˹һһ̧ͷԽȥԽԶӰۿմź 
ǼϴܵӰƺҲڰն˶٣ȻԸٶϴȥ 
~һҪŶСѾͷƺҲǸƵľϣ˵ƣ̧ͷսл 
һȥġңСϼᶨơ 
ĸСһ̧ͷһֱ``` 
ˣҲˣҪټ͵пȣı£𣿡һ̧ϵɫе 
ܣһܣֻҪĿһһ׷㼣ټڽ㯵ɫתΪᶨһһ˫Сʹţƺܸᶨľġ 
ĺӣ֪׵Ĵ㣬˵ԶҲﲻȵҪˡ 
Ǵﲻ޳˭ܲε͸ء 



  һ

       ١ֻһ֣ճȭݺݵһֱԼʮ׵ĴȭӰһ󼱷磬ұϵ䡰졣 ۵СһƬضסϵһ㡣˫һ˿⣬ȭͷĽӽԽԽޡ˲䣬ȭഥӲľʣǿ۵СѸײһ 
һ˶һ˵Ĺͷһշʱ 
ֺɿľϼҾߣܲסµĴݲУͻȻѵ 
ʱͣ٣ֻһСѾȫڽУϱ˽ȥǿСȭͷȴ漣ĳڴһˣƺһʵɫš 
һ˻һȭһһգֱƺɿزһ£ǲ۲ɱţըһ㣬ʸ㣬ݡݡݡķ 
ҶɽϸС֦СƬռ䣬һСۡ 
žǣˡˡˡͳľʱһֱ۲вλұϸСӰ顣 
ꡯֱʮףʮ׵Ĵʮصأһ·ϸѹ˲٣Χľϵ֦Ҷ 
ּͻȻһһСطҲһϡ 
ʱһѾƽĺˮϻһ֣ڵء˫ַŶ׮ûиղŵĺǳ廳 
ѾһˣҲѾ֪꣬ʱټһĵšҵĹѾŸûдˣֲ֪ʱܴﵽģȵҪ 
ĺӣڴˣ᲻ıľأ 
ΪԪ˹·ʵ̫ˣƾһľʣߺ󲻵£ѾڵĹľŸУȭţн⣬һֱͣͲǰ޴ 
ۣһԪڷɿѨɫԪ˳šԪ˹·߼ٵתһܣȵѾ׳ָϸɫԪһ򵥵ѭ󣬲׳󣬷΢һ㡣 
ճʱɰһŵùǺŵڶε˹ɫԪֻᲹ䵽һŵŷ 
ҲǴʱʼһĹҲûн˲ǧ鶼ȴ֣ЩʧɫԪƺͨˡһҲܵԼ壬˲֪ı仯һǰ壬ԣԣֻӲȣͬն 
װȱֱͷߵҲװۣӺͷ˫ȼз죬ڲ˹״̬£һȭҶһڴϸľҲκβʡ 
ԼƺҲھܰһصʯͷЩֺôһ֮£Ҳ֮֮ˡ 
ʱƣһַ֣ȥԼԶҲ߳ɽˡǿΣٴΣؾ㣬⻬ƽһֱ׵ʯ 
ǧɾڣƽ 
ܣģԺҲܰʯһȭҳƬҲһŽţϰ׸߿գȴһɹĴӡ 
ҪǼǧ׵ľڣûоھҲҪˡڣԪȴģ`````` 
һ˼еңе㯣ΪʲôΪʲôأ˵ԪҲǱ˲õĹġƾ˵ܷǧɶɣЦǾԿԵġ 
```ʲôԭأһվ׮ 
һ磬ҵŶôһɵɵشѽ춼ˣؼҳԷأСѾͷһϦǣһ·ıرܱ߽С 
֣Ѿ赲ĽŲֻѡеĿյأطɿʱϴƬ·ľԣСͻᣬٿһ±׶ߣСƤѥһ㣬ӯطɹ 
С飬·СӣԽԽһľĵϣҲɵչ΢Ц 
˫һչӭСѾͷ˻С 
СѾͷе΢ƽϢº뿪һĻΧһƬңһֲֵӣ 
һ磬Ҵѽⲻ棬ŶȥץССѾͷҪһԼĿ֡ 
һһЦ֮СѾͷȥ 
```````````` 
һһعš 
ڿٲµĺߣңСһףԶ϶һԼʮ׵ľʳࡣ 
Ȼ䣬ȶˣֻӰͻֱףľ˦䣬¶ңǸֽȥƣҲ쳣 
ңӿţһŹԣ壬ΪᣬѸתһȦľǺģЯת֮Ժɨǧ֮ƣ磬ƴ䡮죬ľ˺ƿݡ֮ 
ɫأľѸٸΪˡľײ絹ңЮ׷նʮʮ汦ͬʱֻ콣Ӱֿա 
״Ҳ˺ݾܣ˫־ٽƽ죬ҽźݵŵ棬գһ֮ʸ㣬ǰתңƣɱ֮һ㡣 
ңΣսԾ˾ཻĴˡԶȥŲҲ˼ֵָơ 
һ⼸е䣬һԶĺߣһڵϣշ 
ϵİȻƮʱʱܿڼǧ׸߿յķӥƲٿٿ֣ůϣůġһ۾ֻǰĸ׵ǶζԻ 
Ϊδܽ£һ鲻ôʣν֪ĪĸʼΪ⣬ü۲죬ȷˣԼĶ¡ 
ôҲ벻ͨһʲôأ˼䣬ͻȻһ뿪ǰһϣɷ˵ĻֺʲôԾȷûб£ôͰǵĴǰɣΪʱԼҲѾˣֻǣǻᣬԸ⻳ 
ˣ˸ᣬһ඼һһ󣬲Բ߿ˡ 
ԼҲʡĵĺӣһģȴް취ֻʱܹ嵭ʧ䡣 
ΪһԸӰ쵽Լֵܣõ£ûиֻ࣬һ 
һ˫ֵͷ˫ڵϣ¡ 
ڰ۾˼еһĻĻһУͱģ 
УƮƮһŰлһĪĹ켣޹򴵶ķ磬Ҳ͸˿ߣңһƺҲĳֹɿѭ 
Ǻ⣬ѱߣһֱǻ塣ǻ壬һУƱ棬죬һǷŭĴ󺣣ӵĺӣҳɽҪڳĸĻȴʼ޷롣ǻ壬ǴȰĸףʼղԼĺӣ뿪ԼԷ衣 
ж糱ӿһʱ档 
֪ڵɫԪǲӿ˿˿Ԫһ㣬ɽڡģǷ紵ƶ¹켣 
һڵԪһ΢ΧγɣһСķۡ 
ʱһһȥС类һǹɫԪµ·ԽԽԽԽ 
ʱڷڵһ棬ȴ漣γһۿɼɰۿɱٶȣһȫӿ룬ȴ˿٣ԽԽ 
ʱʮ׸ߣֱ׵ȻҷˣȷӦң磬ǷܵʮԶĵطۿȻ漣㵸ƺ˷Ī 
ʱƣȫɽȵ˶ΧˡҲԽԽѾ˶ʮ׸ˣֱҲʮסһЩʯɳѾ룬ϼ׵ĸ߿գȻ֪ɫҲģ͸˻һƬͿ龰ˡ 
ƽͻƺƶȴԽԽơ 
Χ۵˷ܣתΪ֡ΪߴʱֱҲʮףӶѺˮҲգ濴ȥ׶͵磬ʯˮǿƣ£ͷţȥҲܰ˺Ƭɡ 
Ⱥ׷ԶҲΧۣһȺСһǸŵɫ԰ףҽУܵñǵĸĸˣղŵľϲ 
ڷеһȴǻȻȻ۾ѾʲôƺܸоǸı仯Ƶİء 
ģǸĴԶԼȴ˸塣Щ壬еĽеԶееȴ˥ܲˡ 
һҪϸЩòȴʼ޷˴˵ľ룬۲ǻ׽ǣм䱻һš 
һЩ˶沿ɫ 
һڵԪҲһĸоȻģģµת켣 
һ飬ƺ쳣ϲáӵһģƾתͰָо 
Ҳʵһãһģ¾ܵ쾳Ȼһּ죬ͲܵӲԪ 
ƿһеĸоȷʵޱȵɵģͰָоһԪʱҲģ¡ 
ʳ֪ζÿǽ״̬£תģȻǡԪ徭ڣ򵥵˹·ȴ֪ӵеɫԪȴؼԪֻԲ߲΢漰ġ 
֪˶ΪԪ顣 
ΪԪԪ˵ϣֻ̺ܣǲͬնģ 
Ҫ˵벻쾳յͨԪˡ 
ΪͨԪܣԺԲơ 
ȴȫ֪Ԫ÷˽ԪܵãԼԱ仯ƶǶ 
ֻ֪ԼɫԪ¡ 
Ҳѹ֣ǡԪĿǰҲʵ̫ˡ 
ΪʲôһξܸоԪ飬˺ģҾףǻ漰һˣǰʵѾᵽģҿԲ²˭ 
һģµһϣһֵĶ·Ļһ᲻ᣬٶָожӣֻ֪ˡ 
ͨĶ֣ƶʱûôԣڵʱһ˵Ҫߣȫ˹ʱԼоҲ̫ߣʱӺˡ 



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       ʱѾȥ죬ʱɽȣѾٳΪ԰ˡ ֻڷɳʯԲĺˮʵ״ӹ֮಻ı룻 
ǧ׷٣ҲУֱɰббطֱף߲֪Ľˮ 
ĥСľʯ׵ر룬ת۲Ӱ΢ľСͳͳ𣬴룬˲ʵ÷顣 
ܵɽڣ¡¡Ǳϵˮһ˦棬Ȼ˳žڱڶ£һ·ֳ嵹ľǴסé޺ۼ 
һ󣬶ɽڵĴ˵ֱһɹѡ 
ͨɽʮˣٵļһͨɽԵļȴ̶ĺŵúö˶ಷ 
һţһ˾һ䣻ҶʲɫԵ쳣ΪѾûԶˡеѾ֮УֻɫҰף촽ѣֻ۾Ǹ׵ø߸¡ 
ԽıãסһҪסûµģ˵ڱĵط㣬жģһҪס˻Ƶſǻָǽֽ 
𣿡Եƺ˵㾫΢׵˫ۣ 
ţϾͻˣҪ˹Ħӵ 
УҪȥҳԵģȻҪˡͻȻվ鼤ҲһƬɫΪ棬ĿǰΪֹõġ 
죬˶ȹġΪƺǶһ㾫 
Ҳȥ磬һȥҳԵġңҲվ 
֣ܳȥɵȥ㱻ϷľʯƺΣգûڣǾҪˮˣɽ棬Ǿ͸˵ˣ׿޵û𣿡ɫ˵껹ͣĴ 
ҪȥӣĻ϶ƺԵĻȴʼ 
ã㲻Ҫһῴסǵġԣ˵ţŵָ˽ȻѾûжˡ 
ǲȥǲȥˣףúϢҪ磬ң޺ۣæ˵ 
ȥŪˮ׺ȡ˵ţһ·ɽȥ·մ˵ˮת۾ǰСִ·šһˮε촽ϡ 
ɽֳ˰ 
һȻڷۣһƺ޹أ˼ȻңԶϣ 
գؿǣԲͬĻԼ¹켣 
һҲһƬ磬ѲӰҲ֪ȥѰڲȫɵռݡлŨĵ㣬΢ģɫ⡣ 
Щֲִܼ߿Ƽ豸ܷ֣ڻؽƶУȴû㣬й켣ȫͬġ 
ȫѭԼй켣ţ޷ˡ 
һ˼Сڶй켣ͬһ˵һƺûʲô𣬾Щ΢ƫƣǶʱҲǿģҪԱ仯ƺҪȵʮ飬ϰٱأ``````Ժпɡ 
ɼҳ㷹ˣǺǣ֪ 
ͷһһ˼УЩ𽥱ССģ˱ģģȭͷСƹ򣬵``````ֱʧ 
˼лع壻 
˲ 
һоĲͬ 
ƺʱԼܹһУһУͶܻ磬ܸıϵһ 
ָоǿңȴĪ֮ģ쾳ʱĸо֪˶ٱ 
˼гһӣһˣ 
ˣȥˣôһ˼Уڻҵ 
һĻһĿɿڴղŵľʧƺҲ֮ȥ 
ͷָ⣬ÿһ֣ÿһ䣬ɫ塣ſɢ΢ģ͹âİ׵㣬ܸŵƶţ 
ȻٶȿԺԲƣһǸоƶ 
ָоǣһˣԼ·һûɵģ͡ 
лһɫҲڻµĹ켣Щİ׵ôʸУеٶƺ졣 
һϸظоͻȻͣûɵĸеһϤϸ۲ 
ַ֣ΧƺţƬɰвͬĵɫϸ˿޹Ļš 
޹򣿵ôҲϤأһԼ 
ţϸ˿ˣǲҸտʼʱܵģϵƣ磬µй켣𣿡 
һͷˣⶼʲôʲô߰ġ 
ҵƺɴӻˣûˣôЩ֪ʲôĶ 
ͻȻ 
һЩȻΪ˵Ļһߵ֮ԴǱԪ֮̾ûôҲͷˣΪҲòһ˿ھ 
군ˣԺҲˣҲʦุˡһʧ䡣 
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ôʲôأԿˡ˼˳壬һ۾ 
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ɵɵĴ˼ʮ 
ҿʲôôһĴţأأңأСŶأɵأ 
ǰɽﻹǸ˾ĵطΪģֱǱɨһ㣬ǲµ׼ģʲôû£ 
һԭ԰ĵطҲһƬյԲһĺˮЩطѾףֻǷ¡¡ٲΪɺ˴󲿷ֵĺУµˮԴ 
ԶЩ֣ƺҲһСƬּ仹Żɫˮ 
һֱԼһУֻ൱˯һ󣬾Ȼʲôûˡ 
ĶŶ磬ңɵİһ˻ 
ʱûз֣Ȼǹٲ¡¡ĴɽĻת£γɵĻ಻ǧɸ߿ա벻⣬ֻظأغˡ 
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˶ѾԹȥûлԵҲ۾ౣһЩ뾫 
ңأĿΪܹʱǼȻǶѾǰˣϾһͨ˾ǲͬ 
㱼䣬ƺʲô֮£ϸһ˾͡ৡһվ 
ͬʱңҲ۾˶һۣ˱˴еĺ塣дҵϣ¶һ˿ѿ΢Ц 
ףѣ籩ȥˣһڽǡ羪ϲأе 
ܶ˶˹СѾͷҲĴ۾ 
ˣƺҲ˵㾫׵Ƥ 
裬˵ˣһڽأǿԳȥˡңӹɫһƬġ 
ãڶȹˣһﶼ໥һ£ǻؼˡʱţҲ𣬱ˣҪЩϾǴΪģҲͨҪǿЩ 
һŴһɽˣ 
磬ңرһȻСѾͷݺݵһ 
СѾͷڿһʱֻһһ󣬾ˡ 
(˻ʣͬģʱҲһΪʲôʲôࣿΪСѾͷϾ꣬ңΪĸһڿ𣬿ĵĶ԰Ӧþ˽ˣпأ) 
ĸ׵ӣһ絶ʰһʹЩɶԼ׵˰ʲô£``````һȥ 
һƬ棬˶ᣬҺûʲô˳£˶ʰģʼؽ԰ 
ΪʱĶЩˣ˲ž꣬㵱ʱЩʮģҲ׳꣬岻̫಻ԶһǶǵġΪһ󣬿޵ȥ͸֧ټ϶࣬ΪģԵرһˣĽȻҲ⿪ˣúõ󣬵Ȼָܹ 
һʱ䣬һңǹͲСرһΪûжţһرã˸ʱʳһ 
Щ˵ĶеļݣץСҰζͳͳ˻ȻºץЩûбߵ㡣Լ»һЩʳ⣬Ķָ˴ 
磬ңҲʳС 
˵ڶ죬СѾͷҲȥ˼ֻ񵰣ĸײأ 



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       ǳĪѣѾʮˡ ڿֵĿյϣ³ʮʮµéݡǷԲһĺУˮѾٲźˮ¡¡ƸɽеһУµĻ 
ڼ䣬ǵӼˣΪûʳ׳òŴţһ𣬳һЩСҰޣ˵ǣмҴƽʱڵ´һЩӣЩָǴϣЭ໥ɹμʱڣȵµʳɣôֻصǰһˡЩʵĴ˵ܹԱǾҸ 
ʱʳüĴˣæڱ⣬Сһǵƺֻص˴ǰż԰ؽûָһңܸɵ¾˺ܶࡣ 
죬һпգȥŪףǲµɻһվһãִһ˺ϱĴǰһס 
һ۾һ΢ƽϢǿŻûʧġ 
ͻȻһ͵˫ۣǺҹкȻյơȭŹǰ磬һȣұ۴һӰǰ壬Ħ䡮졣 
ʱ侲ֹȭͷ֮ͣ£ȴʲôҲû仯ƣȴһƤûе䣬ǰ 
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ģһ棻 
```ΪʲôΪʲôģΪʲô``````һ˫ȭӰ 
顯顯顯```ƤѣϷɿܲһȭͷСĿӣһܣȻػš 
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô``` 
```һȭұȣһ׹ӰȭͷϰԵɰ׹⣬ǰ``` 
ȭ 
¡¡һɽȵľ죻 
ɽеĴ׷̧ͷ죬ɲģҪѰղŵѵʲôҪˣǶ׷׹أϵĴȱ 
һǰһУ۵ɵñۻϻûиɺԵۣѲģһƬδ 
ǰͻȻһףʮ׵Ŀׯһ·ϵӲݣľͳͳƽЩط˺ںɫֻнʮԶĵطƺһ͹ʮףֱʮ׵׮Լǰó˺ϱĴֻһľʣ߲׵ͺ׮ǽʮ׸ߵϰŸﵽֱʮ׵֦棬֪ɵȥˣּԭЩİĹߣҲࡣ 
һվ``` 
ҸɵģҸɵģҲʧȥ𣿿Ա֮߳ûб˰ѵ``````ŸղŵһĻ``` 
ͻȻһһ 
ԣղŷһȭʱƺҪǰһУʱƺһ֣һ˽Ĳ˳嵼ҵұۣžͳǰһĻˡ뵽ˣһƽϢ¼飬˼нس塣 
ȻһƬɣ͵İ׹ٿٿ֣ûȥ۲ǵй켣ֱ˸ղŸܵĵط 
ֻһűڵ壬΢ŨʵţۿɼٶȣĪĹ켣˶Χ֮ĵɫ˿ϸҲתٳٵع۲ǣ𽥵أһǵй켣İϤִϤȫסȻʱܳ׿͸ϸ˿̲صģ޾غ仯ܹ 
һһſǣ 
Ȼģϸ˿ǳһ˼Ȼ·߻ǰġԪת·谭˳һ졣 
ԭҲԣûûоֻʲôϵһ˷Ī 
ʱΪһķûпź˿ϸֻصԭ״̬ڱʱ˵ģԻµĹ켣 
һ񣬼龰 
Ԫ·ߣʵ̫򵥣ôҾͰգź˿ϸԭ·߼תᷢʲôأ뵽һ˼пǣողŵļ䣬ǰԭĹ켣ٵת 
ͻȻ 
һĸоǣԼƣǣ˷磬ǰƮǰ졣ûɵģһƺ˷Ƶıʣ˽Լıһ 
ǾǴبűڵؾ飬˵棡 
ƽʱӰãʱȴǷɽ಻ɫܣ˲׽һΪЩϡĴڶжȴû˿ĺ£ΪԼеһԱ 
˼˳յ˫ۣ 
һԼΧԲʮڵŲپ󣬷ȴۿɼٶȣɵطɿɢʧȥ˶Ļ𳵣ڿΪһʶתԪ飬Īķ硢ƹ켣εԪۼĸ죬ҲǸҡΪ赲϶࣬һʱ֮β磬ҲҺһγʱ䲻ǴңȻʱ£һѣ£Ƕûлȥ˰ɣ 
һ龰˲ˣЩԼɵģǰǳѣҲԼ֮ˡ 
Բ𣬸λ岮ԭһ֮Ƕûг£ȻһΪˣһģҲ˺ǣεһжֲģͷһ 
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ɽ 
һʮҵĺͯ䡣ҡڵСͷ­ѰʲôСһһգ 
ٿĽŲҵ죬ȻǽŲŵأһЩݼ⡢֦ͷƽأϽϸߵɽ£ֻҽ㣬С壬ûƮƮطȥԶʱʱǺХһЩ֪ޣɽ֮УľսХ 
˾˵Ĺ졣 
⸽ĴҰôˣǰץһֻ⣬ҲûҵСѾͷ˵ⲻóأץЩС͵ӣҰʲôģʵҲⲻóԣǣץЩСƾҵСץأ岮ҪԲˣһĿĵɽҴܣһһֹͲ֣̾յص£ƺΪǶ 
ѵҪȥԶĵط𣿿Ҳؼҵ·ô죬һƬұȽϤǼɽĻ¾ͻزأһ 
أ~һХͻȻӶɽ 
һԷյϣȻתΪϲ 
ৡһϼʮ׸ߵڣӰȻһӰѳڼˣȵܳǧ׺ǸϵӰ䵭ϵӰʧʱһѾ˼ǧĶɽѭǲ֪ʲôҰ޵Хͣǰʮ״ 
ֻ޸ߴףܷܣһͻ볤ʮףһںڷëȥӲޱȣǰ֫΢̣Ҳһң֫ߴףȳҪ׳֫ǰˣ˳ʮףצһֱ۴ϸβȥ˵ 
ͻȻǰС㣬ͻȻԵñ쳣 
ԼȨսˣһСһһһĶֵϣĸһ￴Ҳ˱ᣬ֮ΨֲСȻģվǰ 
Ȼ֪СһôģѾҪƬάԼϡ 
һֻצСеĲ֪ҰޣϵȴǺ£֣Ǿϲ쳣 
ͬʱףԼĺˡһֻһϴδֻϻҪһ࣬岮ǿиˣǺǡ 
ԥ 
վ죬ƺƾԼƣͰѶĲ֪Ұޣһȭ 
һŰ׹ǰ˲ӹ 
ˡ 
Ůɢ㣬ԽѪҺ䡣һһӣɢһЩͳͳշ˻ȥҽǰһ磬سɴ㣬ʮ׾Ѳ 
ɵصȻ޴ͷ­ѾѪ 
ϧôһͷǸжⰡǣ˭㳤ôأ˵꣬ץ޵ȣץ㣬ָˡǿһӲļ⣻˫΢һһǼǧصʬһʧԭء 



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һѾﵽһͬУѾǸߵˣңƺҲһ㲻ߣģͨ˾ͬСѾͷҲһʮˣͤͤŮĽᡣ 
һ˾ںߵĲݵϣСѾͷƺЩ޾ɣץСʯӣһûһŵ档 
Ŷôôģ￴羰һߵСѾͷ£ʵ 
ŮͷûлӦ 
ôˣʲôĵ𣿿Ը˵˵𣿡һСѾͷĳ 
~һ磬ŶǲǺûãͷһ磬СѾͷȦ΢죬Щʡ 
ôˣ˭һЩףɽֻСѾͷ˰˫ְŶͷ 
ǵģŶԼûãŶĹѾþûнˣôϲȥһ㶼ôˣŶƺһԽԽԶԺһȥŶﲻҪ󣬾ͲܸˡСѾͷԽ˵Խģɴ͡~~ؿ޿ˡ 
һȻ 
ǰȥԶҲˣǣΥҪ󣬵ôأȻƭǣҲȫΪǺðʱʱɫأҪһǷǳҪģǾܳȥĻôȥأǲ˵ҪıǣңȻﵽҪˣҲԱ˵ǷǳΣյġһĵš 
ĺӰҪΪǣͼӴ׵վһϵеİţƾһı£Ҳ˵ˡԭĴ㣬ǿˮɵĽģ˭ϵһֹ̥أӲƾһ²㹦㲻ϵġԪﵽģҪеһ۷ֲǿɵҪء 
ν޳ɼһˡ 
ðһѲˣȻԼĹûȴѾףǿƺԪڵ·ֱӵĹҹй켣Խ£Խ󡣷֮һ¡ԪͿˡֻ硢Ƶй켣ЩеģĪĹ켣ھһ㶼Ӱ쵽ǣ̸οơСǲ֪ǵľ֧֣ܲ÷һй켣һԲأһĵ 
徭ûˣȹ۲һ£Ȼ취ҿǲţҼҴһ£ʹǽֲֺһ˵͸ɣ첻繷ˡҵСģСġǿҵãҵ˰һϵɫĪ⣬µģȴǼᶨơ 
ŶЩǸ֪ʱˣѷ磬ңȥһл˵ģһа취ǵ⣬룬ңҲ˺ͬѴ˰ɡһ𣬽һң˷Ķľٶ̾˿ 
СѾͷһа취Լ⣬۾һ滨꣬ϲģһ۰ 
ңҲͬЩ⣬ǿǱԼء 
СѾͷ֪ǣң֮Ա٣Ϊˣ¿ʹʵսϵĽ˿Ǿ˴˴ͷѪ׵ģûٰȻҲҹһǽҲ֪ˣһһԪƾͰǣͳͳɵڴһ죬жݡ 
ȻһҲзִ磬ûܵˣʹĲУʡԺԼ鷳 
һһδΰЩ޵ʬϻؼң˿µǣһϻĴһƾʬŵСףӴԺһҲͱ߳ʵսС 
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Ǻߣ磬ңŶһϯض 
һǽʲô£ʵ 
ǣ¾Ϳ˵ǻҪأԼˣǿɻԶأңҲ˵ôйζ 
磬ңһǰϾʹ粽δ˰ɣһֱ⡣ 
ô֪ңͬʱС 
һֹ̧̧֣סǡ 
ǲþȣú˵ҪȼסôܶκԹԡһ࣬쳣 
ô˵ˣʲôֱ˵ˣôԹԣصĳ֮һЩ 
ǰֱ˵ɣΣҲܶԹԵġңƺЩأҲ 
ͺá 
һ̾˿һϵľŻĽ֮ЩĬ磬ңɫƺЩȻŶȦ죬ʱҪ 
Ŷѹһ˵а취ǵһ΢Цţ 
ŶһСʼնǰǳҲ˵磬ңֵܹϵãΪͶԣһжжˣοһ𳤴ֵء 
СѾͷ󣬾ǲã磬ңҲһеķһᰡ 
ģĳΪǺãˣţ޿ɺǣûҲͰˣɽϺˣڣﵽҪģͿ벻֤ܿԼı£ڽϴչ˺ԼԺ󣬻ܰﵽοǣ缤ǵĺʤģһԼֵܻǷǳ˽ġ 
Ϊһ˹޴ȴûһֽ̹ΪǿһΪԼŬ£˾͸ӷھǾȶ壬ʵսУͬĹһܴﵽľ磬ܹͬﵽȻʱˣԶ˾һӺݾ 
νߣ˺֮ 
ȻƾֵܼĹϵһһǵģԼǿǣҲﵽĸ߶ˡ 
ãһоͿˣһ鲻ȻǺѾˣԼ߳彭һĻ 
һǾͿˡңǣᶨ 
СѾͷҲ˵Ӱ죬ʧ䣬Ŵ۾һƺ˵һ磬һҪң 
ãǾһŬһǺͻ 
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һһĬĬڵȥʱľۣ֮һƽʱĵطɽ紵һ죬һͷ޹ΧһƬѩأһڵصΣȴ˿˫ۣɫꡣ 
һʱ˼ȴæ쳣ΪţƵй켣 
ΪʲôҪݣΪԴ˾ۻһѾ˽ľ״̬Һã˵ľȻϸ𣬵λֺ 
ʼһԼյףƵй켣徭УѼȫֲλãǸвͨڸûôྭ÷Ƶй켣Բɡˣһֻܰйֱ룬Щ켣ܹ徭еġ 
һݣǰꡣ 
ھϵһ˫ۡɹ΢Ц죬Ƶһ켣ݣ벻ҳյķƵй켣󣬾Ȼ˸ӣԺȫ˷µй켣֪ǺܹЩȷƵй켣ٱǧй켣ǣǺι⾰һδڴ 
ǺȻ뵽Щ״򲻶Թת񶼲壬һֳ˿ЦֻԳʱδʱδ 
벻󣬷ƾȻй켣ȫ徭СľҲǹģȻܣ֮ģ·ֻ·ͬʱĹ켣³̶ȣر⡪ܾǽУֳεĸݰɡ 
һӴĺ嫹̣˵ﲻԺǲܵġΪƺѾˣߣһܴĹ֮š 
ôԣ¹켣һǿɡһһƬԺ 
ڷ֣һһ`````` 
һһЩ¹켣屼ŲƣϸǱۿģصʽֻھ˲ͳһĲӰĸ߿磬½ʱ׷׷ײһڣײġ䡱 
ʱɽУңͣǲĶŶ˲Զͣ˽˶̧ͷž£гĽڴڴһݳʺǵĹڴԼһҲܹǧɾڣƽأ̻ǡŶƺűɡΪǶ֪һѾǵһˣҲûпʼʱľ֣ʣµֻڴоǣԼӷŰ 
ϣһͣưӰ˫Ŀ˼ 
ͻȻһϱһ˷ѽģЦõ顣 
ԭԼһԸˣй켣ҲԽԽԽȻԽؼй켣ܾԽǿԭˣԭ˰ֲã˵ͬһֹй켣Ȼ֮ϸ֮£ƣֱй켣ǿ֣Ȼֱԭ켣Ӱٿֹ켣ȻȥҲǳҲԭ켣ĵطϾǴģϺԭй켣ȣȴԵòײˡֲй켣ԭʮ֮һﲻֻʮ֮һҡϺй켣ȴԭˣˡ֮Ȼ·ǳУ϶кܶ࣬˽ġѧֹ˳ϲҲܣѾҷأǺǡ 
һһЦ緢£˸о˵ 



ʮ £壩

       һ˿ϸԪ飬۲ֱܷľţһ·ʱʱ谭ʱ΢Ѻ۳֣漴㱻ɰ޸øͣеԣȻ˿ϸԪƺ˲٣ǣԴͷ಻ĹӦȻһǰ ϸԪڵй켣ڰͨЩľҪסµԪ·ߣܳһ˿һ˫ıھ£һ鱻ٳĿյϡ 
ʱһɫޱ࣬أƱһУ亹ֱ沿ʹࡣңŶŵվʮԶĵط˫۾ضˣ˫ȭͷ÷Ұ֮ɫ 
˿ϸԪ飬ȻǿżѵĹ켣˶`````` 
䡯һ죬֮֮Ĺ켣һԲתǾûһᣬҪƮȥһ㣻֮ζƺҲͻȻˡ硯£Ȼ֮һĸоУȻǰ棻 
ϸϸظǷ·بűڵء硯İ壬жǳУı಻ʹ࣬ǳܣյ˫Уɬˮʱĸж 
һֵཥڣƣһƬظ󹦸ɣҲһ漴վңŶ 
ĳɹң鼤 
һ磿Ŷһ֣ϳ˾ϲ 
ǺǣȥĸܡһصһЦ 
ʱΧнϳֵĻһᾪ亹ֱð֪֪Ϊ㹦ߣҲһ԰һ˴ͨôľһ˵Ѹ٣ 
Ϊ£Ǹ˾ԻȫѣʮҲ˵ΪڴͨʱеĻԭͬһֹ켣·ǳ׵Υѧĳ˭ܹԭ··ϣͻȻĸһԼϤй켣ǻˣʮа˾߻ħȫϣ򵱳ңû⣬˷صعҲһָԳԵġ 
ôΪʲôûأԲ 
ΪһĪԪ飬侭һܣ㱬ѣ޸Ҳڰ¸һ龭ԺķչŲɹĺô 
ܼ򵥣һѾһ˵ҲһѶȵĹһ㣬Ȼָսһؾߡ 
ڣڶͻ⣬Ͳò£ǰٰõġԪ⹦ЧˡԪԪ֮Ԫĺ⣬ҲʼĹˡΪеĹ켣򵥣ȴҲκιıؾ֮·˵ڵĸֲεĹʮа˾ŶǴݻ 
ˣһԣǾǡȻָĽҲֻһԽ 
Ȿһһǵȷǰһõķһž޵ľֹܷԣôԪ;һ䡣ΪĿԣֻ벻 
һײ˷硢Ƶĳ壬ңƾʣת켣ȻʱҿܶѾһ⣬ϵĹлкܣڻԪĳǾԶɿˣ 
һ 
˵Ϊ˶ʤ졣 
ҪǱʶУʱ̱ǿôҲץסǼһ˲ʧĻᡣɾڵĹĤݵĲ񻰡 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
ɽԭʼ֣ХǺɴ˷ 
עĿȴǡλðӰǼʮ׸ߵۣŲƮơֻʱһһײʱӰɵһƬ磬Ҷ衣 
ͻȻӰһɢԷɳʮףǸƼվۣϸ֦ĲƮҡ 
һŶң㣬Уɫ⣬ʳָվбʮ׿ңһڡ䣬˵ƣƺִһ鵭ɫĲ顣 
ңһ࣬һߣұ۵ƺһأ 
ٳٵӰͻȻƷʲôתΪ٩ָƨֻǶ˰ѣЩ˿ʲô֪أ֪֪ 
磬ԲŶİķŵ㡱˵ţһӣһ˿״Ĳ飬֮ʸ磬ת۾͵ǰת˲䡪˿ͻȻر쳣ƮƮ硣 
СѾͷѾʮˣһʮϵ͸ϸСĹĵСزŮ次 
һһף޺޵¼ͷ˿ƮԶ 
ңֻĿɶЦ 
ң磬ǻȥɣЦ´οҪŷԸŶһ˵أȼˡСѾͷ΢ңŵƺСѾͷĲ졣 
Ⲣ˵Ŷңλ綼ˣÿսʱҪ˶ԷϣСѾͷֻ˳ѡǵüδŶռˡ 
ããǻȥ֪һʲôҪԸңǺܿģ 
䣬һǵУƺѾֵǰˣƺЩأԣء 
Ź𽥼ԽԽȻȻûҲ˵˲٣ʱǳɳĸ߶ȣôľףֱˡˣڲ֪Уһڼеĵλ 
Ȼһƽʱﲻ࣬ż˵ָһЩ޹ؽҪ̸Ƕؼ˼ 
ֻСѾͷûûεΧһתƺһҲûı䣬ȴҲʱţճˡ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
ֻʱʮŵң 
ԼУһΧһŴԲڵؽһܰͣÿʱ򣬶оҸʱ̡źһ콡ɳǵޱȣοĸ˳ɫĶŮˡǵУĸСһƺе㲻ԾϵɫҲ˷ѽ⡣ 
ôˣôƲģе꣬ĵʵ 
Уٳɫٴı죬һȺǰҪĸ׹ػ۰СһҲһ缴š 
еꣻĸԲϵգд׵ĳиƵĶͷϼ˫֣һ˼һ˵ʣôҲ˿ڡ 
˾Ĭš 
ǵôˣʲô׷ʵ 
һ˵Ҫһȣȥ硣Ŷ۾ࡣ 
 
ԶĬ 
 
ʲôʱЩóԵĴϡǿһ˿ЦݣȴôҲֹסҲȦ죬ȴһ仰Ҳû˵ 
⼸ɡһѵļһ仰 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
£˱ŰŸԼеĸĸٳ˵ 
ףʲô̻𣿡һǰһ͵ 
һҪСģչ˺áЩ˸С 
ǣףĻһǱءһһƬᶨ˵꣬ٴؿһԱߵĸףŶ֣ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
̧ͷ֮ϵӰ𽥱Сʧеˮ̰ͬӿ£ɫƺȴһο 
תȥ 



ʮһ 

       ҽСһֻСϻⷽԲһĵطĵ̣Ҳͳҵ԰ֳȥʳˣ㻹ڶ˯ûڿأߣСţ ʱеĲּɢģϴչԡĺӣҸλãɹɹ̫Щ鳢յζأͻȻ̧ͷͿһ˼һĻֻĸûгĶǰϷɣղŻһǧأ۾һգȴּǳٶˣС𣬴ĿǣŵԲԲģôϤأ˵ֶ`````` 
ˡˣǽˡĶ˵ˡ׽һֶﰡеķǳСеȴǿĿ£˵ְ־ڡˡеģְֵʱǱֽСˡĶһӷֳ룻뵽Сһ£СǰצѸ˵أҲƵȾܡ 
Ӵˣɽڶһֻ˾ܵϻ 
ÿɰСϻأһ磬ȥץ棬òŶһ֣߷۵糸ϱۣ߿ĵشСţʱСѾͷﻹʱ˸УûгԶŵһж˺档 
Ҫ֣ǻҪ·أ㲻ռ𣿡һСѾͷһ·ʱʱĽЩͷʹ֣Լʧߡ 
ץͲץߣ۾һһۣص 
һͣһ£Ǻһ¡ںе 
ʲô£һͣ½Ųվۡ 
˵ԶҪԪģû⣬ȥôŪԵģһߣַͷеơ 
Ǻǣƻ˶ˣ㿴ʲôһЦŴӰȡһ۴ϸ˲Ρ 
ֵۣһܲҮŶİš 
𣬱ŪˣǿҪԷģ羪ϲɿŶ 
һܵôӲΣ³˿ǧ˰ɣ 
˲ΰôͿԷҳһ͵أСѾͷǳ 
˿ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
Ѿҵĵˣվһ嶥Զ 
Ҫ߳ɽˡһпš 
ǰڳˡңҲǵ 
һ磬ǿ쿴ǱߺڴܡСѾͷģͻȻָɽ£ 
ԣǱȥȻɽԶĵطʮӰ˺ɱ 
˵ǰҰߵɽſڣͼ˾񣬲֪Ժ󻹻ΡƺЩпӣȴǼǳһЩң͸˵ˡ 
ǿȥ¡˵ţһͷɽȥ 
룬˵תۼ 
ϢضĿԼ׵УĬĬعۿǰʱѾܹĿʮһƺֳһˣһֻˣǰ˶һɫĳۣһ˿һ˾治ѣֻǽ𷢱ۣ׳ȫƽ߶ң˶һѿʮףһװ˵ľͿҽɣһ˲ãȻִŰѿʮףмף׵ľ޽ 
ֻһδεĻӶƴӾ޵޽ϷɳӴıϣƺҲûʲôٿǰ˸ˣȻ˶һȴƵڡŲݡ㣬ϡֱˣѪֱƺѾֶܼá 
˺ֻش½½˰˵ 
ϻӡң֮Աǡ 
ˣû˵˳ְѵżĳּǸˣһš 
һ磬ǰ˸ˣҪҪǰŶе㼱 
ʱİˣѾأǿĵֵšûɣû˾ȵ£Ҳֲ˶ãǶͬ飬ɢܣܻлܵһǡҲֻлѣ 
ˣƺûȫǸʹ󽣵ģɫɵߴﹾ˵Щʲôһһ˼ȥǲҪ˵ϵ£ҹܣȻ֪ΪʲôಫͬΪˣ뻹Ӧþһµġû˵꣬Ѿ˳ȥ 
лŵӰ׾Ѿ˲仮 
һٿǸʹ󽣵ĸߴˣûзӦ£һӡţͻȻƺйɱҵ˲䷴һƾһɫ΢΢һ䣬硯˲һɰ͸ƶ顯һ˴ѱʮףѪ 
ٶ̫죬ʹĻûзֳжһˣʹ󽣵Ѿŵˡһٴμ٣һʮףȭ͵ػһ˱顯ƺûôǿҵֻԵĵֿһ£һ֣ڣǰ͸ 
һüͷ΢壬ɻһ¡ 
Ͽûͣ£նһ˾һȣӰ׾룻 
ʱһѾӦоӭȡһһĵ˲Ⱦײ 
顯ž͡```졣 
 
ЩͻͻƬһ㲻ٵȫ˵ϣֻ۱ѪĲ 
漴һһۣڶʮԶʹ󺺣ͣأȻԶݡ 
`````` 
İ˸ӣһȥķг˺ȻﻹһӰӡ 
ʦ֣λߣһͽʵ 
ƺǸˣѵ```ǸΪʦֵü 
£ʣ¼ͬʱ 
˵ɵλ֮λͬһѾɽϢˡλʦ˵ 
Ⱥɺ޵ӣռҽһİգɺ޵ǡˡǰﹴеĹӣǸǰǧúϳ˷ߺޡ 
𣿺ǺǣѲ```ʦֵϳ˳Ū˽ɫȻ 
ˣôˣǱ߻иӣȥϵͬյϢȻ󾡿ϻأԺ²ܹܵˡʦѾŽʹ`````` 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
ߣǽǡһԣϵѪѲӰֻϵѪ֤Ÿղŵս 
ۣһ磬СѾͷϳ˺쳱ǱһһɱˣһоҲûУǸ񾭡 
ң۷⣬޲ȥ˺ɱһ 
ڼ˵ڣǿҵıأ 
ɽʱɱ޺飬˵˫ѪȣڼȻ˺ɱΪĽǸˮֻ֪ش½Ϊ˵ļ룬ߵľκأ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
ڶ½˵е˵ǰһŮӣʱﻹֻǸСׯСԵôǷȫСͯĳɽڱǱҰƤ⣬֥ҩԴḻ֮ˣ˾֮·һƤһҩʼ˵֪ȵߣԼԼʱĻۣǸӪԿΪܲչҩϡƤëȻٵп辭Ӫֲγˣ 
ΪʲôǿأΪʵ̫ƫƧˣȻ࣬˿ڣΪԶȨģΰҲôãˣֻǿ 
ʱһһһˣſʷеسŶһװǻȻһ£νҪװֻ˶һ°ɫĳۣ˿һͷ뱳Ʈɢţ²һ˫ɫӢѥСѾͷǻһ׷ۺȹһ˫ɫСѥԵɬ͸欣ˡ 
СѾͷҧһֻּᣬһ˫۾ضʳͣ·ߵˣʱʱԼ£ɵЦ룬жˣô಻ͬˣͬɽǴûпء 
һҪȥҧնȣ߿ڳݲʵ 
ǰû˵סĵġңҲͬһǻ 
żڵģֻҪҵڣҵһĻص·ء 
ǣҲ֪ѽַ 
汿˵ڽܴأҸһ£֪СѾͷ֮ʱŶƺҲЩȥ˲Ȥˡ 
ŶǾҸȥʣ֪˵طҲռŶ׻벻⣬ԸϵĶȡ 
СֵҪҽ֮׵𣿡ʱһ˲Զĵطһʮ˽ӹ˻ֻһѩ׵ʿۣº͵Цݣ˵ĸоǳͬĻһһŮеǸᣬưԼʮŮҲǶʮҵӣϻָһ׶ĳ 
ǰλ磬֪𣿡һҲ΢Цؿˣѯʵ 
ʵһƹݾѾˣϵĳ֪һǽߡʣǵһҲһȥ̽ġ 
ڽߵģв֪ڵġӣͻȻ÷ǳˬ쳣Ƴ硣 
ŶǴܸǣȥڸô𣿡һŽҲԽԽȡ 
ҪڵʲôˣҪȥڵţ˵Ļң˵֪ƺҲһźøУҪ 
Ŷڵ˺Ҫʶ𣿡һеǳңƺһϣ 
ʦ֣˵ôʲôôȥھˡʱͬǸưӺе㲻͡ 
ҡҡͷЩΣûд 
һ֡ 
ԭǰʲôˣһƺʶ 
һ缸˻һۣ˱˴еľϲ 
ʶǿ˵ĵӣҲһҲûӣЩ 
СӺ˵˵ǰһͽܣǾĶӡҶֵܣֶӼ˵ 
ҲЩɻ󣬵ͷ˼ 
ʲôʲôϵҪ㱨ܲĿ̱Լ 
```ӲȻŭİ 
顯һǰɢѣԱߵŮüͷһ壬ȴû˵ʲô 
㣬ʲô㣬ҧҰǺվָ˰ѻ 
ǸʲôƱѣͬӴ 
ʦ֣㲻Ҫܣҷ˺Сĳ족ӺĵϵɫЩ 
֣˳ʱʦ˵Ļ𣿡ҲЩˣе 
ƾ㣿ƣɫһƬӡ 
ˣ磬Ҫ˵ˣ磬ʦЩ̫ѺãǾͲˣʹã˵һѾҪˣúͻȥģлˡһ̧磬ɫ಻ôÿ 
ԷĴ𸴡 
ߣ˵꣬һŶʹ뿪 
ߣ˵ɡǿ̱ 
ʦܣٺ֣ҿҪʦܽˡӴʱЩͳƺŭˡ 
Ҽǰתģڵɽֻɽǵһ±˾֪ˣҽ£´```»û˵꣬ͿһӰ߷ɳ˲ô£Ҫֹ 
ʱѾߵſڵһһ䣬ƷһЦ漴һӣһɰѸ͸ƶ 
ֻ顯һǸмǰɵӰͻȻ͵ɶأ׷½ס 
磬һˣ쿴ϣҾͲƽʲôʦܣȷʵúúùܹˣȻ´ڱСѱ˵꣬ǲӰ 
С 
ŮӣֵضһۣӣĿɿڴվԱߣɵһ㡣 
ؾš 
ôܣŶʦԶʮ֮һؾѾǽеĵһģôܡŮе㲻ŵص 
ʵǰ㿴ʦڵӣѵףһǱ쾳еѹŵˡ쾳ͨǾܲסǻ̻ģһʥһ۷塱̧ͷûڶûлعһʥıʦˡ 
ˣʦ֣ͰŪѰɣ֪һа취ģٲǣҲʦ״ӡŮȰ˵ 
̾˿εҡҡͷ֣һʥͷ͵һģվԱߵŮӣͻȻ͸еһѹ٣ѹЩǣתʧ١ʱһʥҲع񣬵ƻž֡Ůٴζһۣ˫˫εҡҡͷ 
ʦ軵˰ 
ߣûн쾳߶ߵƣǿɲ֪󻹷ֲ㣬ֻн쾳߲Ż׸α˴˼Ĳࣩ 



ʮ 

       ȻڵϢǣȴǳ졣һ˳ݺ󣬾ֱӴӿһ뿪طΪǻҪȥֻɽ һΪʲôҽѵѵǸŵؼһҶѾ׼ˣΪǿˣҲ̫˰ɣЩԹĵ 
ʱλûһĺ棬ӦǸӽһʥҲϵưոݣˣѾ˹ˣ˭֪һȣ 
磬ĳͷȷеˣǣĻҲø棬´ϾǼһҲʦܣȻ֪ͬһʦųģΪʲôô󣻡һ˵ 
ңҿòĻǼһĶϣʤҲֻ֮¹˭֣ĺȷңϣеκһʲô¡һе 
ʲôǼһ̫˰ɣֻ̫ˡСУȴûʲô죻Ϊһֵеĵλʹ֮УһǱʶΣȻʱ򲻷 
ŶңҲе㲻ŵӣǿ֪ģ 
ǵģһοҾѾעˣʱΪû˹Ҳ˵ǳǣİʱڵԪͲƽĲǿȷʵǲ֮ˣΪǶǽߣƽ˶ֵĻ϶ǣȻңҲʵսǱϾಫ֮ϣһԲ;ͷָһսģҲŻ֡һؽ͵ 
ʱ˵ϻлɣ˶ǳˣӵĻôǳڽ 
濴Ķˢӡĵ 
ǺǣǼһ˷裬Ŀˣƾòʵߵĺ̨Ȼ㻹浱ǰ׳ղɣһЦ˵ 
̨ʲǫ֪̂˭е㾪ȡ 
ҿòǼһĵɢʱŮˣȻֻǶ̶һ˲䣬ܿ϶Ǽһһ 
ƯҲôŶأСѾͷҲˡ 
Ŷһõ΢Цһ˵⻹ֹĻǸ¡ 
ϸţ˶ٺһȥΪѾ쾳 
仰ᶨһҲ 
Ȼʱ˲٣쾳쾳˿ü٣û˹£ҶܸӦǹѹ뵱``````ˣҶ϶⣬ߵԱʾһ䣬ֱһһ٣ɫҲһƬȻ 
ɽһȷڵʲô߶ȣڣѾףڵľؾ뵱ˡһеԺԺ˵ЩпԺԼ̶̰ﵽĳɾͣʵ궼п񣬵ɰأҲ˸߲ˡ 
ڽʲô𣿡Ժңͬʱʵɫе㻼ûʧеĽְһ׷󣬵ﵽȴ޼ 
һͷ˼һ 
ǵľ磬һܶ϶ΪûԵıȽϣǣǼһŵӣ϶һ֮ˣôǣҲ˿һЩ²ص 
ǰ²⡣Ȼ޼Ͼʵ 
֪ǣԼ磬ңŶĹѾԶԶس˽ϵϲ㹦ǳԽ˴˵еļƷǵٶȣҿҲᣬд˲²⣩οĿǰԼģѾյģǶһ޶ģ硢ư塣һͬܶԿġΪдﵽ쾳Ĵǣʮа˾Ķϲ㹦ֻмٲֲƷ硪ɵɡ࡯硯ȡˡڻûбˣĿǰö֪ 
Ҳ˵ʱһʥսôϹʵս鼰ս츳ʤ㵱㣻ΪĹ֮һʥֻǿս츳һʥܱġȻʵսв磬˵ռƣ 
Ϊйһ㣬ʵռıˣ൱ھ˰ˣɼ֮ 
ȻЩһ֪ңҲ֪СѾͷ͸˵ˣʵϣһؾսôʤ֮䣻ΪʲôΪһκ˶֮츳ơԪ顣ԶмƷܾ硢ư塣ܶսʮϲ㹦ͬ֡ʵԱȣһ£ҲʮҡˣսȵأһĿǰǿʵͨؾҡǵܹԪãʺԼԺôĺڴЩʲô춯صͨ``` 
ڴ 
ؾأ 
Բأ 
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ȻòƱǸһؾĸأ˷ܵ˵ţѾеĲ졣 
һ΢΢ҡҡͷ 
㲻룬ʲôϵʦֵܣҲͬţһģǵʦǺε˲õ˵߽ЩʱҪϾɱеʱȴҪأοˣĺܲأαΪϲ̨ļһʧһɽ֮Ҫ֪ҵһɽѣǲװһػ˵ 
ңɫǳ׻ȻСѾͷǡ 
۷컨֮ɫձ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
ֻɽ 
ֻش½һɽֻش½½ӿ𣨽δ½Ѵĺзָ½֮뿴һ´½ηֲܣŴ½ϲƽǧף߷塮ֻط塯Ǹߴһһǧİʮף֮׵ţֻɽв 
ֻһߴǧ׵ĸɽ£Ҹʮ׵ĳʯʮףǺبһ鳤ʮף׵ľ޴ʯڡɷؿݾͿ棬ӳűؽ߷壬Եư硣ɽŵɽвһ·̨ͤ¥۴αȣʱʱһЩ۳װ߽ɽš 
ʱڵ´ڣµʮˡ 
ʦܴơ׶λʦֶڶӣȥɽѾˣǾݴϢƺ밡ڵףһ沿ңԼʮˡǵڵƣؾڽźպ 
ǰǶ֪ˣЩ½׼ôãôöԸģ˵ڣڶȥ˲ٸ֣ɵλǰǵ״ȥڵڵĴϡľؾһϺ˵ЦǺǵأʱȴЩǣ 
˵ɵϯϣѾˡΪڶϡױһؾǽĸ֣ɵķ꣬Ī֮˵󣬴ݺ᣻ 
ʦڰмֵġһʮŮ˿ڵʵϵ϶ֹǷãƷҡСͱĸڣڵ߳ϣΪһ۷塣 
ͬǽɣʱ߶øһֱϰοűˣԼˮȴֹס 
ʦ˵ǣȻʱ˵͵ϮشϾΪ֮һڸƣǧĻҵôģȻսҲӵľ֣ش˵İ׻Ԫɱ˰׻øսʵ˽ʱһڳĻһᾪϲǳΪ˾ڵʮϣҲСһϡؾ 
ĻƺЩѪȣһɨղԳصա 
ʦ˵Ķԣ뵱꣬ĻʳĿۡ𣬺ɨģԶ󣬴ǰֻʣ°ڽɽȻ֪ΪʲôṦܴɣǣȻûа״Ǿ춯صͨ˵İرɫĴͨڽʮ꣬λΨһĶӡ죬ûһͨı£ʧǰҲû˳ᢵǻۣǣѵһЩ޸޵ףԶ뱾ӣЩУ˰඼Ըˣڵİ˳ϡһ۷壻ʱ鼤ĺ׳ 
Ǿͺˣ׼˰ϵʱ䣻ҾзˣУӹؽӴΪȥ̽һ¡ȴ룬¡ǧ׷ɱҪҸͻƵؾʱĵɽУҿ϶ܵĻᶼûУºʦ֣ȴҲ鲻ʲôˡ񽭺Уɽһָ֣֮޼ɵд˴ô£Ͳôˣ룬ЩڱֹˣûСôǾͲǴӶģǴӽǱ߶ɺһƬ껪ĻʳʱѾ̣˼ڸһϢûڽϴڻɣȾ֪һĳ䣬ľ档ӶŸҰġȻΪʲô粻ƫƫڹҷֱһƬɢ֮ʱͳǵӰҲҵû뵽صĺӶģĿǰʽĽҲпܵࡣһ˵Լ룬̾ 
ʱ˸ѻȸൽ˼㡣 
ʦô˵ӽ֣𲽲ʳҶ½ڿһѾǵĸݵأǡӡǳˣһ룬һԼжϡ 
 
 
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˶ 
룬ֻԼоûô򵥣ھһԣȻѾ˵ 
ǸǺã 
ǰڹҷ룬Ϊôֵ½Ľ 
ô죿 
`````` 
һһԵеʧ롣 
ʲôӣǽˣʧ޾٣ɺͳеͳɼǲӿ 
ֻľˣƻ޶ԣȻ 
ʦ֣ҷ֣ȴû㹻ӣŲжΣԸϸɽȥ̽ࡱվ𣬹Ƶ 
ʦܣ˵ʲôβΣ㵱ʱҲ˵ҪΣҲ󣻲黹Ҫ̽ģһ̡ͬҵҪЩ˵İ࣬Щʲôʲôãѵһˣ˫ֱ֣˫ĿǿһĴţ˵󣬸˫ͻּ糤âòˡ 
ʦ֣Ըȥ 
ʦ֣Ųһһ``` 
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ȿֺ󣬷׷ 
ˣѾ뿪ľʦܵİšڣɢ˰ɡƣᶨƣû˵ꡣʧ⡣ 
ֻ 



ʮ 

       һ뿪Ѿˣʱһϣ죻 ΪʲôأΪڿʼһ·Ϻط۵糸ڶ·˵ָָ㣻Ϊ˲Լ˵ӿ·һСʱһȻٶ˵㣬Ҳùƽٶߡ 
ȥֻɽ֮ңҲͲһʱһ·ŷ羰ɰСѾͷ˵òС 
һ磬˵ǵڣ᲻᲻˰ǲϣǳɽأСѾͷеǵʵ 
Ŷģ֮Բǳɽȣû£չ˺ԼǸжı죬϶ֻΪǸ˵ġһ΢ЦŰοСѾͷ 
ˣݳ˵ﵽֻɽҪءʾ 
Լܹȥǻˡң̧ܵ 
ƨ°Ųұ㡱ŵԼ˫ȭ 
ϣôûʲôʱˣȥдд衱ң˵žҪ 
СѾͷ磬һЦСĵžž죬ʾ֧֣ 
ˣû꣬ٷͳͳȥһԱвҪиĻ 
СѾͷЦøˣ 
ң⻰ȴһˣ 
˾ȤţʱʱʹСѾͷؽЦ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
ôˣоµߣʵ 
һѾڴʱ߳˳ 
磬ôˡһеɻؿų 
ӣڲǰˣǰΣաָǰԶһƬɽ£һ˳ŷ򿴹ȥֻһƬŨ̹һĿȻʼֻûעѣ 
磬֪﷢ʲô£һʳΪӣǵһο龰 
ЩӣɽһܿŴ󽣵ˣÿǼȮɱЩ·Ľ˵ⶼЩӸɵġ͸ŷߺޣǿ־壻 
˳Ļһü˼Ϊ֪ƾ賵ĿǿôԶľģǱߣȷʵż 
ѵ糵˵ģһֻճɽʱһĻ 
ʱϵҲѾͬط 
ôǡ翴һеɻȻҲѾô¡ 
֪һֱӻش 
֪͹ȥ˵Ѿͷȥ 
ȻߣȴһʮףҲ漴ҲƵĸȥ 
ǳȴǴվԭطɵû뵽λĹС㣬˸ˣ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
ǽϵĶɣͽңӢҲǽϵһ֣ɾѧڽв㹦ԡ 
ߣҵסǡһʮĻ׳еĳһӣһɳ˲併£һضϣ˿ȴûһѪʺϽһ㱡ر㣬Ө͸ΧŲʬ塣 
ʮԶĵطһͬװˣ֮裬ڿգıȴһƺűʹ죬һԵ˺ɱţ 
ΧΧһȺˣɷɫеĵǲҪϿҲ쳣 
ٲ߾ˣҪɱǣ```û˵꣬ѱһġ 
塱Ǳۿ죬еϵĽΧȫӣҪ塣 
һŴӱӴ顯һ죬䣬쬣Ⱥ˷ˣмܵģ·϶ʱֲƶȴûѪ 
Ǹӱһ̴ˣѾǰһסĹ 
Ӣɣӽ𣬽ϣҲûлšֵǸˣޱص 
ʱĻţͻ𣬺ɱҲ𽥵ȥ 
~˵ĹҶӢˣѾˣӵĹ˳ȥΪһţܷסϢΣӢеỮ£ 
ǵģΪеļٵӿȻҲҪǵĺ󳾣 
Ϊǰ˸˻𣿡ޱص 
˵ĻһˮͻȻ˶Ӣͷϣ 
˸ô֪ǰ˸ѵ```ӢɸղŵķתΪʧǣ 
ˡֻһ췢ۣһ׾żļУһ󽣣ݺݵزӢıǾ޴ĽһΪ 
˵ʲôɱ˾ǡ˵ļУǲһǰĻʳͨ 
˹Ժٹҵ£㲻ޱ飬ת뿪 
ʲôԺǶū˹ͻȻ׹Ⱪ漴ȥ 
γ޽뿪 
ͻȻؼһѹ٣ǰƣѹһָͷܣתڵĶ``` 
顯 
˲䱻һ޷ֵľɣеһɱҵֿس壬ڵĶһ˿ʲô鶼֪ˡ 
һʱѾվڶӢǰûǰȥ޽ֻΧء 
䡯 
һ죬˹ɳʮͻȻѣѪǱסһȺûعĺˣ׷׵أЩûб䵽Ҫģڵʹҹʮڣһ⣬ÿ϶ϸСѪ 
鷢ʵ̫죬ӦѾԮ 
Ӧܾȵ˭ 
ߣһ㲻ڶ 
ߴˣ˰׻££֪кΪЧͣ 
¿Ǹɫһ㲻һɱ֮£Լܷ֮£ȰԼĺ̨﹧ 
£ʲôɱ˹Ҫɱ˹ʱʣеһš 
ĴȻЩûӵӡһ˿ɱ͵һһûӦ˿ 
ʱһȷûʱǣǰˣƺһϲҪϵ˫ۣ˿Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴΪ 
һ 
һͻȻǰ˵Ļ 
ԪǾ˹ܵģһ˺صˣԼ޷ƣǣһ˿԰йӶٻָ 
һɣָնŶӢѨԪ飻 
ԪȻǷŲһת۵ʱ䣬ӢʧѪ࣬׵Ŀµɫһ΢죻˷ܼһ㣬ͻȻ˾ 
һҲһϲɫ 
˵ĹȻûôйЧˡ 
ȴ֪ԼԪһЧܹԪã˵ӢȻˡ 
ˣ롪һ¡ת١ɣڽӡ졪󸽡ˡġӣ½Σա϶˵꣬ԸӢ΢Цأͷһ 
ʲô˼һæʵ 
ǣôܻشأ 
һȭͷ𱰵磬˭˭ϴ󣬲Сһʮ꣬ڱ֪ʵ£ֻܳΪˣǶǿߵأı֮ 



ʮ 

       һŶӢʱѾŴ󽣣ڵһеľ޽ʮ⣬Ѿӳצһ``` ϵɫ˲Ϣ䣬һΧĺˣһҧȻԶݣûܳʮףͻȻоһӭصķ羢Լܵش 
»켣ʮ֪꣬˶ɱ˽ĵλ˺öԸģ 
ǰΣӲڰһ٣ͬʱֳɽ㣬ǰ磬зɳһ·Ҫ˺ѿռģϬĽԼֽǹɷȥǰĹԺ󣬷ף 
䣡䣡䣡 
һǰĽ磬ɲǼײ˶Ĥı 
ѵĽɢ䣬ԭƽʯ棬һӱѡ 
ʮףվ 
죬ҵˣл㡱ϣ˷ܵɫձ 
Ҫ˵һڸյʱѾĴѰĿ꣬һȺУͷ£ǶӢûȥע⣻ 
ΪһѾվǰˡ 
ӳǵʱҲûз񣬶ض£ͷϵɫ仯תɲǡ 
͵ػΪ磬µǰ 
ٶȣ£ܳң 
ң 
ҲУ 
ǡ硯İ壬ƳԽƷġ񡪡硪 
ȻǳƨԼȡģңҲһڵĹȡΪƾСѾͷеģҲʾ֧֣Ϊϰģǡƾ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~` 
ǰǿԼǿ꣬ĳһ 
ֻش½Ҫһ꣬ȻĲʵңǾЩ֪֡ 
˱ȭƽϢԼ 
СֵܣǺ⣿ 
ƨĺⲻ⣬ɱ˾ˣȸСү˵ŵؽе 
䡯 
䡯 
ʱִ죬ͼǼٳһˣԣȥʱٶȵɶأգͻʢĺ컨˴ɲǼǣʹʧ 
һŻת泯µķ 
Եңһҧгݵı飬ݺݵصһۣǱ磻һͺһƮİƣƻʵѸףƺ˸оһìܣȴһӦ˵Ȼ 
 
飡飡 
ֻһȺвϴ˾ĶǵĲҽУ 
һƻõӰһط֣磬Ѫ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
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һﻹǸϵĸֹȻǺ翴ɫɣһ㶼 
Ҫ֪ҳɽĴŮսˣңǼһЦˡֻʤܰܡĬĬ 
`````` 
 
һֱҵ磬ҵؾ£һ׼ʯ壬ֽƬһ㱻һ·𣬷׷ǰ 
ǺʾִԣһҪ˺ѿռ䣬˸оžëȻӭ磻 
䡱 
ײ㣬Ӵһǿҵĳѵǧٿף 
ɢȴһֱһǰģ£ 
ƽɫ΢ 
ʲôġʨǽһһϵȹġ˺ѡԣϬޱȣܵߣ书һ۷壬Ҳ٣Ϊʲô```µʯЩ⣻ 
ʱЮ֮ƣǰ򵶸ʹ 
ò񣬻ӽ 
ս 
飡 
ͣ 
䣡 
ս֮˴̶֮ıըиǲ˷ڵĲӰ 
ԽսΪģ׼Ŀռ䣬磬ݲó˽ 
ʱңҲѾȺˣһŶһվİ⣬񷢹Ĺۿ˵Ĵս 
һ磬ӮҪȥɡСѾͷе㵣ĵʵһ˫۾ȴضסս˵Ӱ 
ģһڣ÷µģⳡսԷ˵ҪģΪǳ 
˵ľ࣬ȴǷռƣսԱȲǸ£ԣʱڣֲʤ 
ڵķҪģ 
ʱƣʤƽ磻ΪǶ֪ٵӦѧϰǺֲܿģһŴսеˣؽ͵ 
ǰǱǼһҲͶǸˣȴһ֪ҲӦġңеζĵȥһ˿ģǶԼֵܵľΣģ 
ȻСġƾҲڶԷ硢תѾоֹɺǣضɫܣ롮ƾ̥ķ硢¹켣ԱűܣʱΪƣΪ꣬඼˲õĴͨһ¶ɫ 
Ǽңڴ 
ڴһĵ 
սʱѾһֻʱˣ 
һ˵սֿǻɢŨŨ̵ķ棬ͣһͽʬϣĿı``` 
вɵһ־ 
ңһһᱣԼˡѣǹɡҸ 
Ҫ۷壡 
ΪһʵΪ硱 
һڴʱ˿̣Ŵ飬˾ԼһصİӦóΪһΣһƽǿϢ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
䡱 
һ죬Ӱڷֿ 
ˡ±˵Σڰһں˵Ѫ 
顱һ 
ڵϹʮףɵأеѪšˮͷһϸǲһָϸѪͫѾɢ⣬·𲻸ţľԼ 
ʹ죡ʹ죡غĽŲҲǲȣŵŵŵʮûе£°ɫĳۣѾһƲعϣȴ벻⣬ɷشЦţɼʱжô˷ܣ 
磬ҮСѾͷһܹȥСϵĵѾʣµֻпף 
Ȼ飬˶Ǹͬܣ 
ˣ磬ôʱսĵ߷ˣѾоΧƺ˲ˣΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳뿪һҲҸطʰһ¡һǰ˵ 
üͷһ壬ǣܲѽ 
һΪСжأԭѾˣңЦ 
СѾͷҲһЦ 
 
һ;ƿݵ磬һԶȥ 
һ磬ȵ```СѾͷĽ 
``````````````````` 
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˭ 
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£ѵǡʨ£ҵ``` 
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ص߶ 
ڽС 
Ҳȷʵˣ 
Ϊȴıġʨеԡ˺ѡõ˵˿Ѫ䣬һССĻˣѪֹѴһ۷ľ磬ټϺ̨ǿӲޱȣѰȻǶ־쳣ߣһεˣһûдĳޣǲֵͨ߳ģ֣ҲȡȻȻͨеĺպ 
Ϊڵһɣͽʮ򣬱֮ɵκһɶҪ˶ڣֶ٣ͲǺˣһѵǾֻбϵЩʵ 
ˣûտʼһĻǸߵģҿǴͷŵġһֿڵƺҵĹע 
ȥȥȥжһ۷嶼ˣǴȻߣ޵˰ɣѵߣһԲ 
٣ܣǲ֪ʱ龰``````˵ĭɣ㵸ȻҲЩʣ˵ʵ 
˰㣬ǻǿߣиֹ鷳ˣһ֮Աǣ˵뿪 
ţǰǿΪ 
ߡ 
`````` 
ιȵң˵Ŀ```߽߱б߸Զȥ 
ָֻһƬţֻصʬ壬Ȼð˿˿̵ķ棬ƻ˵ľ 



ʮ أһ

       ٣ǼһرĽҲűһ㣬͸о˿Ϻһɢһһֱͣǿط˿ҲϣʹҪ׻ҵġ㿴ܲ˿ڣԼŶе־塣ǼһûоƵģȻǸݽɫ```һҾƹݵĿͷ㵸Լսϻһײ鼤òˣ 磬㶼˵ˣѾǵ飬ҶأСѾͷʾ˿ 
ǣôʲôö˵ġңҲϵﻹе 
ԼʱˣȻֵõǼһҫߣңֹ 
ˣҶϢһ£ǻҪ·ʱһһϣĿ 
һľҪȥɡң̧ܣʵ 
ǵģ룬ǻȥһµĺãɡҲǺԶһһҲ͵ʱ䣻ңԼҲоºǳҪһش 
ţȷһ㣬һ¿Ǽ򵥵ĽɱΪˣҲе㵣ġңϵɫЩ 
ǰƽǷǣǲӦģ漰ˣǾͲԹˡ 
˵Ļ󸽽˵ľӣ½Σաӡʲôս 
ЩˣҪҶ½չҲûҪѾɣĽƺʱг֣ҶŲѺõжٿ񶫴½ĹƣƺʲôıţˣΪһˣǲòȥȻڻ֪ǵĿġһһ˵ԼĿֱ۾˼ 
Ǻðɣһ˵Ƿȥˡңɣͬһж 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
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С˲˵ѣС˱ǲ֪жģΪɴӻ·˺ɱ֮¾Ǳ˹ȥһŵɽּ䣻 
ʼС˿Ӵڰ£Ҳӽβʹ뿪ͻȻľͳĸŮ``````ȻͱˡһͷĿʮ˹ڵ϶ŴԪ˵ 
˵Ӣǰеһ˵ԪǺϣˮ 
ǵģС˿ǲ֪˵Щʲô 
ôĸˣԪͳʵ׹Ⱪǻش𲻳Ͱ 
С֪С˿ĸС޹ɱڣ֪Ƕ``````ͷбƵĴ˵ʣ 
ˣֱ˵ģҲԪȵ˸վǹƣʱŵͷƨ 
һСƹСѾ˶סˡͷнͰ͵˵꣬亹ֱ 
ţòؽġԪȥͳ˵ϵɫҲ 
лл```ͷǴӵãϲͷͷҪʯرȱӲ 
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ĸꣿһܵɱ£һ־ӣһɱ˰ͽʮꣿ 
ô벻У˵֣ѵ```¡ 
ԣҲʮˣôῴȥʮ꣡``` 
Ҳԣû˵ʹǻ˭أ 
ͽ޸֣ҪתɱҲҪһľ磻ǸɱµľͲҪ˵ˣ϶һ۷壬ҹΪϲϣޱȣɱ˹˵ľͿֲˣҪ֪ǿǸ߼ʿ൱뽭еһˣǸ꾹Ȼֱѵߣ 
ܣʮߣǲǼ˹ˣ⣬ôأѵڿʣ 
ߣҲң```Ԫȥ°ϵĺţ 
֣ܹϺڵһɡˣ׻λõģôǸ֫ͷԼ֮ 
ȻҪһȻҲֻǸˣ 
ˣߣҲǸһأƾѾﵽһвľ磬Կ㲻УҲȫˣ 
Ҫ׼ɵġɡҪϢ϶ϡɡôʧˣҲ˼أ 
ǻ᲻ȥЩΪʵۣ٣٣```ƾȺҷĿĶ֪ˣܲóʲô 
ߣɣķϹ```벻澹ȻôϹ 
ԪԼؿڣǸͻϮɵҹԵ 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
ֻʱʮ 
ӰƮһҾƹݵСͷݶȥʱɫѾȫڣļҼһ͵ƣҹӳ£Ҳ˸˸һζ 
Ӱ뿪С򲻾ãͬطִܳӰǰĵӰͬٶȣǧ׵صں棻 
Ӱһǰһطټۣ 
ӰҪӽһɽʱӰͻȻļ٣֧֮ǰͬʱǰӰȻҲͬʱͣ 
һſٽӽӰĬ 
һǺǳģ 
֪ǸˣֻǴ˵ĵطú̸̸```һЩһЦ 
ǺǣҪ֣ҺһһҴӳɽɻûɹһġңҲЦҪ 
ԣһһ缱æһսû 
仰ʱ䣬ӰǰֻʮҵĺˣȻǺҹһҲܿ 
һһװ˼֫׳ıδ󺺣һȴǸŮˣȻѵ꣬Ҳʧ 
ûˡһ˵ 
Ϊʲô```еżʧֵĻ 
û˵ꡪ 
ǾǰڻУɱ˵ˣԪӸ£ 
ʱԪŵڷˣΪоеѹ 
߽쾳󣬳ʱԪʱһȻȻĸߵʣԪҲܸı˵ʵģȻܺԪȣͬʱҲǹɣԪʱѹأҲʹһЩѹ 
ȻƽʱͨǸоģͬߣȴĸоŵ쳣ǣͬΪߣһش󾳽磬Ĵ󾳽ָһؾ֮ؾؾ֮ؾһеĳ㣬в㣬ϲ޹أô;ߣ˫ֵ£Ǹо߾ߵģ 
߾ȴԵĸо;ߣһ£ҲڵĴԪ 
ԭ˵ģɱģôǼһԼĻ˿ 
СһϾ֪ʲô˼ס֡ˣ׻ԪԪ䣬ѳ֣ʱԵĺŮӣҲͬʱһˣ 
ƨ```ȥȴֵط֣ԼͻأسһѹǸоҪһ㣬ѹ˵ˣ 
ͬʱԶڵԪ˳µĹ켣ƽʱȫܱٶȷתǴԪȻѣԼᶨƵǹѹԿš 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죻 
ڴԪû˴˼Ƕ̶̵Ķʮ׾룻磬ңŶ׳ʣ 
ֻѱһȦΧȻܱԽԽת٣ءХ˭ҲỳɣһȥҲ˲ʵ÷飻 
ңŶȴǳһɰ԰ˣԵʣƻãȻҲܱܵ˺ȻһָоվҲ򲻵ҾˣҲҲǲ㿴ʣ 
һȻ˫ֱɫĿŴԪļٿ 
һ󣬴ԪѾһ˵ǰȭǰӡ 
ƺһֻʮ׸ߴģεģɵͻȭƣܣǰһɽ壬Ҳܰƽ⣬ǴԪҪĽһˡһ 
ʱһҲ˿ɣһȭƣɵƻȷкƽһɽ 
ǣܿϧҲֻ˵ 
һˣ 
ڵԪ飬˳ŷ磬¹켣һڣһ죬ͻĽӽ 
 
 
``` 
һ 
Ԫתٶȳʼα 
ȵͻӽʱ 
ڵԪȻɲǼؼӴԪ飬˲ַԲڵһȻֹΧֻǴʱ˿̣Ѿã 
ϵʱʧȻ֮ʧĻǣղϵѹ 
ȡ֮һɡ 
˹ 
ɣ 
·بűڵĻ̻ 
˵ͷ޷ֿѹ 
ң˲䵹أգһ۾Ҳǲ 
˵ǰͻҲܵѹóٻ 
һȭ 
˲䡪 
һ·Ĳ޷磬 
ȭͷϡ 
γ 
 
ƣǿ񱩣ͺҪɨһ 
ʵϡɨƽǰǧڵ 
⡪ 
ҲһҪĽѴԪ˵Ůӡһ 
ͻʧԪʧŮӡʧ 
ǰǧڣиһվƽͳͳʧ 
ŨܵĲƣҲһףǧ׵ĹۣƱŭʿ 
ǰ⣬ǷɳʯһƬ 
Ӱ죬Ҫʮˣ 
ǰһǾþ 
⡪ؾܣ 
ֻսѣǴԪҲ֣һɱҪץ鷳ǻҪ·ءһ 
ôԪ֪һ뷨֪᲻룬Ҳ˰ɣ 
~~~һ磬ôҲ򰡣~~ˣʱŶѾվվԭأ޵ 
ңҲվ֣ȴǲ죬ɫ仯Ī⣻ 
ôˣŶҸղſԪķ˰ûһ˺ǵģһЩɻʵ 
һղҺҲŵˣ㿴СӻڵأʱңѾع񣬽ӻ 
ô£һǺɻ 
~~~~ԭˣԭ˰~~~ͻȻӵЦУ״Ʒ񣬶ִվǸһЩʲô 
һͻȻܵˣһѹ٣Ŀ꣬Ȼǡ 
ʱŶңٴθо˲ܣڵԪǷתγ 
һʲô˿ģѵҲ壿 
ңŶɫʹ࣬һϾͷӦ˹ͬʱҲŶߵԭɢһŶң֮ϵ 
ŶңɫϾͱ̹Ҳʧ 
 
ڻ񣬶ǹѹҲ֮ʧ 
磬ϲ쾳һһʱ 
һҪл㰡ȻǼһѹҲҸܵһЩʲôȴǳ˵ģҲȫͶ룻ŶˣѾ֪ǸղżһˣǹѹȴǸӴ󣬸ʵֲ˿⣬ºͣȻҲܣȴܾϸϸܣ~û뵽Ȼͻˡʵ̫ 
ǰôܲ˭ܲ 
߰ٷ֮ʮŵžŵһӶܴﵽľ磻Ҳǣһпܳһ쾳⻹ÿʵѵðοʮ 
ߣʲô˶СռˣҲܵ쾳ǲһţǳսң˵ڽ쾳ľˣңǴʧʧȥôõһ֣ 
´ø㣬´øʵڸˣң̧ 
ߣǶǻŶˡСѾͷΪղֶ֮ܵңҲȥˣ 
ңԩ 
һƺҲѾʵ࣬ϲ§СѾͷοһˣһҲĵģһǸҪˣԣ 
ǰһȷĵģĲ֪ѹͨߵӰ֮ 
ԴӳɽҾߡԪȻܹܵѹҲǸܵѣʲôرģΪǶֻһؾ 
ˣֻΪΪܹؼԪǿޱȣûзǹεѹƣΪͨԪѹԺԲƣ 
СʱǴθоɢѹ϶ǾƵģҸоôܡȷǾƵģ˵ͨǸܲģ磬ңŶǵʱûиоʲôһȴǸоˣȴûʲôĲʣΪһ˼˼㣬£ 
ҳɽĵһսǸʹ󽣵ʱûʹԪ飬Ǵؿ˲⵽ǹɿķԪ```һ֪ԼԪ飬ԪԳƣҲ֪˵ĳΪҲԪƺ 
мǸƺЩȭͷʱԪֻ΢ĵֿһ£ǲ˲ãǵʱҸȭͷϵԪѹסˣˣڵĶҲͻȻתòףƾȴԶǹ£ 
ڵûֱӽӴԪҲûֱӺ䵽ϣûɢѹԾ˽ײһĻҲңһЦһ¼ 
ڸղţһ˲ɢѹֲöŶſˣ⻹û˿£ңȻͻˣѵֻһű§ڻУŶĳǸ⣬еɻ 
汻һˣʵһ۷ָѹȷڸߵͻƣܲͻƣҪߵˣ־ᶨǲʺģΪѹĽ٣ͨ˵ʵ̫ǿˣܲˣǾͻӰôһӶͻƵ쾳 
ھƹǸһʥҲҵԪӴˣ϶ҲܰɣʱΪĳͷˣԭҲأǺǣˣһ̲סЦ 
һ磬ɵЦʲôءСѾͷһ̧ͷʵղŵѾ 
ǺǣûʲôֻһͻȻ˺ܶණԺǵģûʦָȷҪϲٵ·һЩп 
ǣȫʦ̣ĻҽĳɾأˣҪԼĺáһһ䣻 
ţңҲİɣңƽʱı֣һҲΪǸеԺ 
`````` 
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        ڵһɣҲǽһɣ 
ܲɽϣֻش½Ͽλþڽδ½ĽвλãһǧɽǧһƬ󺣣ֻش½ϵ˳Ϊ󡯣ӿɽǧһԹ˼Ϊֻش½½ʵǵعϡ˵ֵشƫƧˣ½ϵĸҲûǸȥ˹ȴһܵ˵شܲ 
¡ʮǰѹؾϲ㣬ġǰԵףֶţĴ 
׻ȸĴãҲǹ쾳ĽˣУ޽Ǵﵽ˽ؾϰΪƷܣ 
÷ֹĸãʮλͨߵУ˲õĺݽɫܲУǻ󻤷󻤷žһŷ塯Ҳǹؾʵ˶ĸ֣ټϷפصʮͽһɣȻ鴫 
************************* 
ܲ´ڣһ磬üĿʮ׳ĺ룬һֻ̣پİƣԼʮˣһŽƣһĴϣһųεİֽü˼ 
˵ 
ǰ״ңһĿ罣ɫۼԼʮˣ˲ܴʣòװϿ 
ǣ˵һžŷֵܣ 
ٿȥŵľȻһһͷͽ𷢣۷۴£ɫİ͹£ԼʮŮ 
֪ʲôأܹΪЩʲô𣿡ǸŮڵʯһ˫ۿİ£˵ľҲһĶ½ͨ 
櫹лĺ⣬ֻһЩС飬ܹõģԵͳ𣬻طϵİֽ 
֪ʲô𣿡ŮȻ֪ԭ򣬼ʵ 
ǵǰӪظֹİ˸𣿡³ʵ 
ѵûбץסǿô죿櫵ƺеż 
벻Ҫģǰ˸ѾȪˣ``````°龭򵥵Ľһ飻 
Ļ˵Ȼûн𣡡 
ĺҲģǶ½Щ֪ࣻ 
ǣ˫˵ǺõϢΪЩ󱸹ûãսҲûȫλڿսĻǺܲ```Ůż֮࣬һƬأ 
¿ǰ٩٩̸ƺʲôϵϾȻһ˿飻ԣ飬ʵǸһֵֺĸоѵţ۲ݣ 
ƾڵĵλͲȱŮˣʱȴбֳһ̬ƶ櫣ȴһ۾ܿһŮˣʲôŮˣܹðһԾµۼǹأ֪϶һڲͬľˣ 
˵𣿡櫴ʱе㷺죬е΢ŭܺõıιȥˣ 
Ǻǣ櫹֪أĳȥӱͨɡͨǹ˴ǹأǲѷɡ»ع񣬺ˬЦƺûһ˷УҲȷʵʸ 
ֶΣȻ֣Ҳǹ׵۹Σˣʿ˵ʿһжҲԱҹĳ⣻Ȼǲ̫ģҲɴ˿ɼµӳ̶ 
ãҾɶžλʿһͬжԱһʧ 
žԳ̫ˣĸҲӵùֶͨΡһ¾Ȼɳ󻤷žǿУ˵ĵ˰˽⣬ڶǸ޽ 
νǧ򴩣ƨңƨĻһ˵ഺŮžǸְϣҲ¶һ˿΢ЦȻһţҲɴ˿ɼǸ櫵ŮӣɲƯĻƿ``` 
²˳٣Żھͳɡ 
************************************ 
ҹУһѾص˵ճɽʱĵһС򡪡򣬲·߿дɵţ˴Լĵط 
˴ʱһҾƹڵĿͷϢȻϴǼңΪһ鷳 
һ˵ɵ˻᲻ǵĻϾģҲʵ̫ˡңڷеĴϣŴͷһûһʵ 
ҹıأжС˲٣ҹ·Ҳɽ·ߣҲûʲôˣΪ˺ʹһ˸оˣƺķǳأӶʹǸᶨҪѻͬʱҲɻ˵ôǵģܹ׷ 
Ͳò˵һ˵Ľʵ̫٣˵һûУΪϽ£ôǱԶˣﻹһˣǸԭأ͹˳ᣬ뿪ӶһǱڸС˸٣Ѱǵŵ㣻򿴵һ뿪ʱı£ߣҲҪȵڰɣ 
ʱ˵ɣŲžԼжϣֻҪѻҲǾˣϾҲðΣ£УǵİȫҪġһһſľϣĿҲᶨĵ 
һУֻˡѲҪģ˵£ΪͰһ£εĴ˵֪ҪԵĵ˽ǲɵֵģôͻɵķˣԲΪʲôȥƴΪҪȥԼˣҪ۷壻 
´£ǰ˺㣬ôأ```Ҫ֪˼ʹϵǸ֮``` 
ԣҲʲô£ֻҪĸףףĴټǺû£Ҿ͸ˡҲһľϣӹ 
Ļɴ࣬ǵҵѣǴల£ǵˣܶԴֻܶԲˣһǳ͵ 
ţҲǡСѾͷҲʾ֧֣˵һ˫۾͵͵һ۱Ŀеһ 
ˣڶúϢɣϿܻ·Ϊ⣬Ѿһˡһ 
ȻҲо˲ʹ˰֣ҲȷٴҵԼˣοԼ˵ʵģҪ֪磬Ҳ쾳أУǾԲΣյ 
ɣ˵ѵŹӣôСĵǱǻҵСֵĽţɫȴûһ㻳һжϣΪԼҲΪ 
ʲôǸأҪأµͳͳˡң˼л 
ģĺˣ£һأֺĵһǷ 
```ң 
******************************** 
ֻʱһ 
ҹƺеɫ¹ڵϣôһɰɴͨҲܹĿǰʮڵ 
һ̤ɫɽΧɿıţ¹ҫ£ĵӰ縡ӰѸٷɹһƬƬɽ֣ 
ͻȻһ貵İ׹⣬ǰ״գŮɢ㱬ѣյհ߷£ʮڵ˶ܿˣȻҪ̧ͷ죬ҷҲҪͷ 
ͣ¡һȵͷͣס 
˾վԭأ̧ͷƬգþ 
һǸʲôǰɽô̻𣿡ɻʵ 
Ǻ񱻷ˣˣȻͨ찡һûлشĻԹԵ˵ 
û˰СѾͷʵ 
鷳Ȼߡһɫе 
ҲоˣǴǻۣӽˡҲ˵ȴǴЩ˷ 
磬ңŶȽɽ֣עǱУ첨ȥǡһе㼱 
ʲôЦܣ㻹ǵֵ𣿡е㲻 
һˣڵĲҲ࣬ȻѹҲ˵㣬ҲؾɣȻе֣ǸҵĸоһߣһʱѾе 
Ǿ仰ʱ䣬һѾӽڣ 
󣬾͵ǰ 
߲ˡһ޳ɫ˿ڵȻ˵󻤷ž 
˵ģʱһֻصƽȻܲˣôս 
ʱžȴҲǳ˾ 
ȻһһؾģֲôûסǣȻŽ벻ãôᣬģϧϧ```Ȼˣ֪ԪѾˣȵ˰׻õĵӷʧٺѸӥܲʱѾˣѸӥӥһ֣ºͣټ죬ɵʹ 
ʱҲѾϵ 
һźˣǽۣͦһװʮңⲻǰЩǰ͹ͣȴһָΪ񱩵ĸо 
Ǹִһɫò֪ƳɵȭףұǸĴͬһ㣬һСľ޽ 
ң󻤷ž㲻֪˵Ҳաžش 
е㻳ɣô˵ĲǸ쾳꣨оһѹģһش󾳵ǸоľģΪԪĹЧԪԪĵȼͬȻܲͬʡֻʮٱġֲһȫֲ 
ô˵棬ְɡ˵һѳ 



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       һһӣһɰ˲ͰסңŶȻֻŰˣ֮Զͬʱһһ仰ȥţԼСġ Ԫǰǰ㣬ת 
ɲǼ䣬ǹɳ˹ϣɣ·بűڵĻ̻ƾŭǰЩСྐྵҵֿѵϣ֮ˣ˲ǣ 
һʱƴˣ 
һûнߣǽǵ⣻Ϊһ֪˵ˣҲ뿪 
ôʱƴʱ 
ͬʱҲˣֻԭһתһ͵γɣȻٵľˣͬʱǹѹҲѾǣ 
˴˼Ķʮ׾룬ÿǰһףʹһȦת۾ǰ 
ʱžɫȴ˲ͱòҰףΪֱѴﵽʮף߼ʮ׵Ĳ磻ÿֲһķ 
ؾȻؾžֵغ 
漴ڵԪǷֻһɫ˲Χһɱ֮ѹս٣ 
ɢһɣ֮սٵѹСϲ٣֮ͷǿһ˿ѹӦϣγһֱߣѸٳѹ֣漴ײˣһһΪͷĻ̻ 
ϡС¡ѹڰײ 
˲ 
 
žоԼͷǱ޴ҵûһ£۷ף߿ҲϸСѪɲǼƺʲôʲôˡ 
Ҳ˲ʧɵأ˫ͷ˻Ужôʹࣻ 
һǾãԼԴǱ¿һţ᲻أССѣһ£󣬾йԪԲһܣССĲ˲ʧ 
˴ʱѾ°ĭ۷׵ڵϣ߷һ㣬 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죻Щͬʱ 
ѹһģ 
硱 
ǰһɰشͷ˽ȥʱģȫκκ`````` 
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ڶѹĶžͻȻ͸оͷϵǹɻ̻ʧˣɫϲľȫưһɫ㣬Աʱ켸ٶȣѸʧԶ 
ˣ 
žӵҪûˣĻܵ 
ôǣҵԴˣһӺ󣬾һԪƣ羹ȻĻ˹ȻǷųһ仰ʹӣûкóף 
ĺתһ˿ջ֣û˵ 
һأǲð 
һˣǱţһش 
ˣô£Ǽһﲻؾ㲻˵һҲһؾôˣڵϣȻɫʹ࣬ 
һ¡һ˵ָ꣬£ͼɰɵԴ 
漴ֹͣ 
Ǹž˵ؾô£оҵĹ࣬ѹǿЩ 
ѹԣǸоɢѹ󣬲˵仰ѵ˵ҵѹǿѴﵽؾţд֤һ뵽ʬڵصˣüͷһ 
ôأҸоǵʵñһؾôãѵҸоˣ 
Ϊʲôأûκһ˳֡һȥ磬Ϊʲô 
ͻȻо˷ٽӽԼһһж 
أ~~һ磬ͷ綼û𣿡СѾͷѾǰ˽һĻ 
ʵСѾͷͿһúúõģȻڵϣɫԲ԰ףһߴĲ֪˵ЩʲôҲûʲô£ 
СѾͷʳ仰ǶԼĹģѵ˼ 
أ~һ磬ԺҪŶ˺Ŷú£СѾͷסһֻ΢ķĺ£Լ뿪λ磬¼λ£ 
§ŻСѾͷһʱȥ˸ղŵʣг˳谮Ŷˣ´һ粻Ŷˣұ֤ 
ʵ``````һ̾ 
žΪʲô˵һؾأΪǰѾ˵һڵʵؾѹȻҲΣȻôȣһľؾΪԪѹλԪҪԪѹҪࣻ趨ɣ൱һ󾳽ƣԪһʾˣ 
Ϊʲôأֻ˵̫֪쾳󣬵;սڸ߾磬ѹĻǾΪѹ˵˼ģ˵ֱ׵ǱȾˣ룬شǲǺġƳԽƷҲҪԪײԳͬ£ǿʤܣܼ򵥵£ѹĸߵ޹أΪѹģԪǸһεԪ飻žεĽѵһ׵ģ 
ˣһĸоûдǵʵȷһؾΪĶ󣬾ͻصġ򡯣ڡ򡯵ַΧڣѹͺβǵģͬҲû취ʵ߲ڣߵѹҲһ򡯵ĻţԼҲһ֣һֻܶŸڹǣ壻ԣս˴ֻ֮ƾʵԺ䣻ʿӵеĶǿȣһؾߵԪǿ൱һؾǿ֣֮սʿҲǿ֣֮˵ʵ࣬忴ӣ˵߻жؾؾԲҲлƽʿʯʿʥʿٸ߻ûУ½֪½Ҳ֪ 
ΪʲôʿأˣһѹؾģǱ͵ֵסټѹټ϶žؾѹ硢ңײѹҲǼ˺ľûеǴˣ 
ڶžؾʵʵҲûãֻҪѹѹںϣôһؾѹҲǿԶʱڵ͵סģֻʵ󽵣ţҲΪԭؾؾˣžעһҪͻһѹȻߣŻᾫܴҪһΪǺܵõģҪ֪һؾҪʰһؾڷǳĵطôؾѾһˣ 
һܵССľ˺ΪһΪҶѹҲôãҪ֪žγֱ߹ģܴСҲ⣻žγԵСƾǻۣһף 



ʮ 

       һƲôңȴֵսһһҲͣˣٴα˵صһ磬˷ٳڵȥ £ȻҪˣ 
һһһؾһһ۷֣ڶξȻһؾһؾĸ֣ƣ˭ֵܵˣ 
еأǲǻؾľֳ 
һ֪Ҳ֪ǲðգˣ羫ܴûȬ£ҹɣѻȻ뿪ȥǵ 
ΪҲˣ˵׼Լһȥɣˣؾ֮·ˣĻĥʱ䣬ǵٴأ 
****************************** 
ֻʱĵ 
һɸǰںҹǵƹ˸ĽȺһ˿ 
ڣȫ 
һھͽȥ𣿡ңʵ 
ڽȥ̫ʣǵȥɣҲ÷һ¡һ˼һᣬش 
һ磬𣿺Ŷ~СѾͷеԾص 
Ȼ˵ɿнǧʷ֮ڻҪƾãģҲ⣡һǰɣҲе 
ֻɽڣһмʮ׸ߵʯţšݣ˸оһɲԾ϶ư磻ʯ潨һͤʱͤڸǹյյֱʮϵĵյðһƬѩƽʱãƺɽŵˣ֮ءʯݵһ·ӴĹŽڿÿòд˷һֱ쵽ǧ׵ɽǧϣҲɢعͤ 
ЩֻǱһ˼УܸоּӰž˫ۣ۲ܵһжȴûһƶֺ 
ΪǧڰȻĶ֮ȻûʶеɣûȵĻС׼ףͬնˡһ̾ 
ǣҸоǳ򵥣Ҳ廰 
㲻úϢϹʲôͷʹˣһе֣е 
ֲǣôЩСʹСˣѵԴ𣿡µصͬʱ˱ȼ⣬ɫе԰ 
һϢ°ɣһҹ·Ҳеˡһ˵꣬ϯضĿ 
ˣƾؾľ磬ҹϢҲۣǵһֻҪУһڻĻ; 
ֵ֮飬ԣж֤ˣ 
********************** 
ɵһӣƽʱͼʦֵһ𣬷һѲɽӣֵֵ 
ûߵɽſڣͿڵѲɽӣʲô 
ǲǲͨģϹءһʮİɵ˵ 
ֻ仰ѣֻҪҸܹµģǰѻ```еգû˵ 
ʲô£ֵģԱʵ 
ʦ壬⼸˵Ҫʦ棬ֱµӻص 
ŶλСֵĸɵĸ㣬֪к£΢ЦǳУ 
Ϊ·ϣѾڹ۲켸ˣһĿ㣬ȴ۵ӣδһЩģʶһ£˳ʦ˵ʦأˣǷǳкøеģΪ꣬ԼҲ¶ײɽź`````` 
һǰ²͵ɵӣҲ΢΢һЦ˵λӦ˵ϻɣֻ仰ѣ˵󸽽˵ľӣ½ΣաǳҪһתţˣǸǡ 
һ˵ʹˣΪԼѾûҪĥȥ 
ʲô󾪣ʧ 
Ҫ֪Ϊڶˣ߳ϵĹСͽܣѾںĵˣЩеģϵĴսЩĸǰ֣ϵһ£һ仰˼ʱĵľ֪ 
СֵԵƬ```ϴȥʦղŵĲ뼸λԭ¡е״ˣѸٱ˼ 
һ磬ңһۣ΢˼һ£ȻѾܹɵţǾͰһ㣻 
ðɣǾλ· 
뼸λ```ϲɫæ 
***************************** 
ɽһΰĹŵУʱŶʮ٣ƽʱ´ЩôڴˣͷӶ۷׷ף֪Щʲô£ 
˵ǰ蹷֪ڸЩʲô```ʱһλߴ˵˵仰ʱҧгݣɼжʹˣ 
ɵĳϡһ۷ 
ʦܣעС׵һλ׷ߣڱĿۣʱˣɵĵˡףؾɵľ֮һ 
ǣʦֹ֡ĳԭʱȴϵĻ 
ǰǰ˵ûдǰﹷҲ֪ʲôҩҧˣƾһ֮ǰﲻ֪ðӣѵһͳɣ˵ɸ֣Ȼܲһˣһ˰ˡǽڵĳϡ޽۵ĵӣ䣬֣һç 
ʦܣԵһ 
ǽڵΨһͽܣһؾýüĿһ˲ţȥе䣬ȣԵ񣻵˶ڽһż 
ݣǽڴؽĶӣؽϴŵӣν״򲻶δӰˣ 
ʦ֣```Ӵ仹˵Щʲôɴʱȴòͣ``` 
ȻڽպգԵ˸飻Լçʦܣ۰мӵģӲ˳Ҳ 
ɴʱȴԵһŮӣݺݵšһ£ȴҲҳ 
ͽܡɺŮӳˣν˲ò࣬СûٰᣬԼִ򲻹ηЫ 
ڴʱ 
ʦһˣû߽ſڣѴ 
ŻŵĳʲôӣλСֵ˭ڵɵ߳ϡȴҲʦһ۷徳磻 
ף~ⲻһֵһλŰµ꿪ڵ 
һѭȥȻ``` 
ԭҲ⣬δ족һҲе㾪ϲĵϾµĸоǺܲģ 
ߣһʥһˣɫ࣬ɻǰ 
ǸŮȴǶһһЦʾѺã 
ʵĺôˣҪ֪μʱ񶼲һ˵ģ``` 
ֶʶ⼸λСֵܣ׿ڵ 
йһ֮Եһֵܿ˲õĸ֡¶һĵĵ 
~ 
~ 
ö˶ 
쾳~ 
쾳 
˭ĵӡ 
ָĵȻһ磬ֱӰµĻ˹ȥ 
ȻҲˣĶһԽԽľԽԽȻؾľ羹Ȼһ㶼оһԪʲôµĻȷ```ϻǲܣһϵɫǧ򻯣ȴһ仰Ҳ˵ 
󣬴һƬž˶Ǳ쾳ˣ뼸ؾĸɳϣȴǱһˣ 
ʦкҪȻȻҲˣﻹиҪҪ˵񿪿ڣôǼǿɼԺɿ϶һϯ֮ 
Ŷʲô£˵ȻǾκˣϾǾôλĴѹ±ϵľ֣ʵ 
``````ɿİ˵һ飻 
``` 
ô``` 
~~ 
ô``` 
˹֣``` 
ոջһƬѻȸĴٵֱú֣Ҳһ˵ĵǹе 
Ҿһ¡׵ͳ𣬿Ʋأÿ˶оڶ˵һ㣬ǳӵ赲˿ 
һ۾һһ䣬ַһԪ÷Ŷ 
Сֵܣ˵Ŀģܺǽһľ𣿡ɫصʵʱҲѾ 
ԣ``````һľ󣬾;ԭأ 
˶˼ 
ͻȻ 
С˵ѣ©ٳ룬ʼ˵ģôƾ˵ôǰȻ֣ҲУҪ֪ͬʱģѵ֣ǣƾǵٶȣ϶⵽˵ȫȴȻص˵Ǿģģһʥ֮صϵıȻ 
ʲôɾû֪ˣ 
ʦܣҪ```¸ҪȳԼʦ 
˱뼥Ѿ 
ûУȴ˰ߣԼʦʦų飻ô֪ûأΪһ㣬һ㱾¾Ҫóҫ¸㣻 
˵һһʲô׻ġԪͬһһ۷֣ڶǸжžؾļһͬĻһؾӣ 
һӣ£˻ߵصһʥͺñȿһѳʺ 
```һʥһ콻ӣû 
ˣٳҾͰͻɵѾеʧ̬ˣɫһƬ 
磬ղŵĻеˣǸ˵ĶģǺΪ֪ǣһƽ˵꣬Ҫת뿪 
˵ʵǼٵģԼðΣţõȴֽʱһԽ뿪ԽõĸоʡټƵ 
Ľ󾪺 
һֵ㲻Ҫǰڵĳǰڣǰʦ֣ܵõǰϢˡæǰһһ 
ģλǰһһͬЩϲ 
û뵽Ǻкñءһ 
λСֵֶܵʦܹЩӾͻɣλСֵڴ˵ϼգʱܼˣʱһʮ˵ 
ڵϡ壬һؾڼǰͱ 
ԭ壬Լгţ˳Ҳ˵ľһһ֮Եȴ˼ǹңһ۹ĲȻǸɽ֮ 
˵СѾͷҵ˵ˣʵμ棬ͽ˼Ҳˣǰݼ 
Ǻǣ~ôƭ㣬ѾˣٶȣȻ֮ңҲʮɵСѾͷ˿ˣҲǴػص 
һ磬ǾòãСѾͷһ˿ɶһհ 
ǰһֵܣϼ죬ҲܺúýҲڴĵ 
λԭֵֶܵǾͰɵԼļҰɣһҹ·ҲӦˣ˰ǵʳޡ׿ڵЩЦ⣻ȻϽ仰Եзǳ˲þܾ 
Ц⣿ȻҪЦˣ˲֪һ˵ʵʵеŵĲ룻Ҫ֪оֻض½ûϹأ᣻ǰ;ڹϵˣԺдӦһ£ǿɾ`````` 
һ˼һ 
ǴȽϰȫ˵ԼأûϢƾԼɱĸ֣ҲԼûꣻ뵽һ̧ͷ 
Ǿ鷳ǰˡ 
`````` 
*********************************** 
Ҳ֪мڿС飬ǣûܿȥƼղغСл~~~~ 



ʮ ̸

       һѾסˣ ڼ䣬׶ãһЩľҲ̸һЩ£һ˲ټʶΪƽʱһڼҵүүûһӣһ˶øн 
оڵĳˣҲΣһ̸Щ£Ҳ 
ģȻ£ÿնһ˴һ𣬽Щ飻е֪һЩĻ÷ȻҲѹ÷ǳҲףϴԼΪʲôͷʹˣ붼 
һ˵ĹһǾڲ᣻Ų£ûҪһκ֪Լ˵ȥΪܲˣһŵùˣͺñԼһ㣬Ǿν֪֪ˣҲȷǻһЦӴ˲ʣ 
˴˼飬ʱ֤ˣ 
һ֣֪ҵǰʲô㣿һͤһԶʵ 
㣿һһ㶣Щ֪ 
ǰ˳뿪ɽȣΪҪҵһ£СĽеĿ𣻿ǣЩʲôأʲôȥأ 
һֻûʲô㣬βҵһ˺Ӷһºص 
˵Ӧǹҵ°Щ˿ӶˣƾЩˣЩʲôãһе㲻 
УӾӦþȥԸһܸʲôĿǰҪȥ֪ͨЩΪʵǣȻӣ˴ȥûˣ 
ҲԼʲôˣ 
һ֣Ҳʵ̫ұˡ˵ģûЩִڣһ˾ӣºƵص 
ʲôôܣŶ磬ûб˼˵``````һе״ 
һֵܣܻ˽ӵʣֻͨ׳ɵĶѣЩߣǳɾҲ߲ȥ룬ƾһؾʵҪɱһͨˣ˵ûѣȻ˵㣬һһǰõİɣǺãҾͷһɱǲһץңҹΣա´Ц 
Ըͨˣ˵ˣһ֣ʱ䣬ɱһҲпܣѾǫˣΪߵѹͨ˵ԿһѹһƬģ 
һ˵ӲûǻҪӸʲôһеȻɵɵʵ 
ϾǴӷյɽ갡֪Ҳֲ 
Ҳûã룬ƽʱɱЩëϰգάһ³ѵҲҪֳô֣ѾӦһˣһЩ֪ʶȱˣŻǰЩӲ䷳Ķ˵ЩѧϵĻ֪ʶȻƾ쾳ľ磬Щͨ߶׵ĶҲɴ˿ɼĵҪһˣ 
ζͶ໥֮İж֤ˡ 
ΪʲôЩϢй©أЩǰô˴ʧɫһе㲻ףʵ 
һźţһʣûоӹǾڽ¼ʤҲ޹ش֣ҲûԶɶȻûô࣬Ҳ̫ġ 
ǣΰѾӶ˵ĻǾʹ½ҪȫȫˣҲ˵½붫½Ҫȫ濪սˣ 
뵱꣬Ļʳۡ𣬺ɶ󣬴ֻʣ°ڽɽʲôپӹȥȫǸ֣˵״ʮ֣ȫؾϵľǿˣиԲĻˣ˭֪ʲô磬Ҳ˵ȥľӣֻȥЩĳõġ 
Ҫ֪ǧǰ½֮Ǿȥģһ½һ½ǸĴ½ͻȫԱ߻ͨӣսɸǻ᲻аϿУȻʤǿű˴˸ֵĶԺ 
ǣȴǳ˵ӽˣһһ֮£ʵǺܲˣǰǲŻ˳Ծ˵ģ 
ҲҺã鷢ֵĻ㼰ʱϢķ֤ǻû׼ãжǴζɵҹϮˣȴûռˣ⣬ֻǵ̽Ȼȫĸ½ĸֵܹ»ضһ͵ڼɫ仯޳ʱ˷ܣʱԺȴһ˿ 
µĽһԼеȣеѪڣеƲסԼĸоָоǳãǣֻҪˣ˭ʱ̿סԼأȻƲסǾָоøЩ~~~ 
ʤˣǶ½İҪˮ֮УЩҿԲܣԼأҵأѵһӾɽ֮Уİȫƾ˽µĳԹ˵˻Ź𣿻ŹҵȻڻҲҵˣǣԺأûв©ǽʤԺ¶ǵˣ˵һǷˣңܱ˼УԲӮԲУһ뵽˼̧ͷ 
磬ôԺһ𲢼սɡᶨ 
ֵܣԺһ𲢼սЦոյһ˿ɢ 
ˣҶǱͨˣ 
սˣսӮһѣ 
******************************* 
ҹһ˾һ 
Ҵ``````һѴ´֪Ϣһ飬˵Լľ 
ðЩ˵Ȼҷӡ۴еΪս˷ 
һȻˣǵȻҲߣö˵ңҲֵ֧ 
ţһ˵ôô``````СѾͷһ㶼ںֻҪڸ߾ 
Ŷһ˼ɽȥ븸סĸһʱ䡱һŶ˵ 
ҲҪȥһ磬ҲҪȥҪһһأ~~СѾͷû˵꣬Ϳ 
ŶʱǳΣյģ棬һǳģһϲ§ŶȰ 
ʱңҲûгΪҲ뵽ԺĴŶ˵Ǳ᲻һˣˣóĬ֧һľȻŶܲп 
أҲҪȥһ粻ҪߣŶģأ~~СѾͷϴӦ 
Ŷ````һ 
Ҫ```Ŷ 
Ŷ```һ 
Ҫһһ```Ŷ 
`````` 
ʮӺ 
ҿ˰ɣŶţԺ࿴ܣһ㿴```ڿڵʵǲĿСѾͷ滨 
ǰǲϻȥˣǾŰɣѵԼãңҲڵ 
СѾͷ⻰һͷ̧̧͵͵һķӦȻѸٵͷ 
`````` 
Ǿɣڿʼһ̲ĸһ磻ңҲڿ㣻ԼʵõıԼһεĵ 
Լֺγ˽⣬һҲֻǱһԵͷ⸶ӣͻȥҲһܳģʱ͸Σˣ 
ţһˣŶģԺҲڿġСѾͷֹͣ˿֣ȴѴ󹦳ңˣ 
磺ûĵСѾͷ~~~ң˴ 
```һ 



ڶʮ ټ

       һŵɽһڷۣСѾͷһʮ⣬ֻ˫°ͣһһ׸ߵɽʯϣɵ㶵ؿһɫ仯Ͳһ㣬һģһǳһе㯣ʱʱķһɵЦ治֪Щʲô һʱȴǽһ״̬˼ȫΧ˽ǧף׿ǧ׵ɽҸоȴǻ 
ɽеһоһ㣬̵Ҷ峺ϪˮɫɽʯһȺڴæµŰʳϣһֻŶӣѰǣڷɵСѾͷ`````` 
һУĿ 
һо֮еĸоǷǳ棻 
һǰûн״̬Ǵ򹦷˼ȻƺŵǼʣܵ˷硢й켣ȴ֮У 
ΣΪһȫţһķʽ˼ţ˼֮ԼٵĸоһܷǳҲӵظм£˼е÷ɲǻ֪ʶˣ쾳ѧÿ쾳߶ģ 
ߴﵽ쾳󣬼ϵһжѹսʱڵԪԪѹٵɲǣ˼оͻ֮ںϣӶﵽƵЧ 
ö֮ߵ˼еѹԽԽǿֱѹƽȻҪͻˣ½̸һطȴܹ˼ʱסǹѹ˼֮һ 
Ŀ壻 
ͨ˼ʱȴǴѹģȻǿ 
ң˼֮ҲܹоһĴڣֻǸоһ֪ʲôȴ޷ľò 
ǰ˼ʱͬ߶ܾ쵽Ȼϱ㾳ߵߣҪģ⣻ȴܹ̽ԷϤҪ鱨󣬴ݶˣ˼дѹǾƽʽɢУ 
ȴֻͨߣֻҪߣͳͳǱ㾳ߣǱ㾳͵ߣ 
ǰ֮߱ں߶˼еӦã˵һ죬һڵˣ 
˲õطȴǺĵشһҲǴˣ 
һȻڻûʲôʶ㶼˵ĻҲܴ˾춯ص湦ˣ 
һ̹Ȼˣ 
ӦһԿˣֺγûЩڣ 
Ϊһʱ𣬾Ѿ˳ɽĵһûԼԭ˵ԭ򣻵ȻѾˣôΪȭҲһ岻ݴǵģ 
************* 
һջŵ˼УһƬƬ˼еӰ񣬴Զ½ʧ 
˼ŵ޶ȣһֱһԲˣٴĻڻΪԵһֱĻȴܹﵽֲʮףҲǶ֮أҵĹؾ˼ǿȵȷǴﵽؾˡ 
˵ֻܰΧֱΪ׵һԲֱĻҲֻܴﵽһǧףҼ˰ٱҲǸ첻ãһؾ²㣻 
ÿͻһ󾳽ʮʵĻһ㣬ҲֻǸոմﵽؾĳ㣻 
֪ЩģؾеĶߵԲߣЩʲôͨ``` 
ɽھȻǧɸɽڰڵɽ壬ԿŲŲλã֪Ǵɽ㲻㣬Ȼʶеı֣ǺҲĽھţҲԿٴݣ 
ôܲģǧɸ߷壬ּｭż``` 
Ǵ˵иİ״ֵʲô``` 
һջ˼кǾرĿȴǳ˶Ը߲ε 
ͻȻ 
һоСѾͷ͵͵ܿߵǰˣȻӰͣס 
оСѾͷƺЩʲôһͻأ˫ۣ 
ȻͿСѾͷԴѾ쵽ԼǰͲʮ׾Ҫ 
ʲôŻһ簡һЦĵ 
ʱСѾͷСȴһӱͨ죬ʲôҲ˵תܡ 
ѾͷǲܺúģҪɽǶʱڷܾͺˡһҡҡͷվеεţ 
ʱСѾͷܵɽ£ɶȥٶȣǺһֻ˵Ĺ 
һϿˡڴʱɽвǳϲĴ 
ˣһɫһϲ 
ݡһɽϻҵõһӰ 
****************************** 
˷Ĺͤ磬ңΧһɫ۵ˣʱЦʱᣬʱ㵸رʲô 
 
һѾŶһվͤ⣬ȻûϤޱȵӰٸнԭ˵ǧȴôҲ˿ڣʣµģֻ 
һ 
ȵĿҪǰ꣬ǰǸԼʱͳԼͷĵԼǸСӰصأ۾Ǳһģˮڸǣ 
һתǰģԼӡȫûһأܲĿɲ˰̣ʱȥȴ˵У˵Ĵ飻 
һˣǶûΥĳŵﵽ˵Ҫ󣡡һʣȴһ˿΢Ц 
úӣƭǣǲЩʣǳϻ̳Ͽ֡ 
һûлش𣬶΢Цǰȥݺݵر˱ 
⼸㻹𣿡һʵ 
ãúܺãЩʱеСһƺһȻȫطһĺ󱳣ˬشЦ˫еˮȴǽһСˮ飬ػ䡣 
ŶּˣŶ㡱 
ڴʱһӰɿĳСѾͷһһ߾Ѿſǻ 
һʱ˿ȥٿʱСѾͷѾ˽Ļ 
ǺǣСŶڶҪɴˣôޣȰ§ŶŶı 
Ŷ㣬ôҲǡСѾͷе 
ˣŶǶ˽ģҪˣѵͲддһڵ 
ţŶҰɽңҰӣ``````ЩɶŶںɽԼɵģɺóءСѾͷһĻͻȻͷӦҪԼظ 
емĿһȻеοصͷ 
ǰӳˣúܶ``` 
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`````` 
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Ŷķһһڵ̸£ 
֪һ˵ĹȻʱƾʮɵģ̩ɽǰ治ɫҲʧɫ 
Ҫ֪Դֻдʦżпܰ 
ңĹһ㶼ֻС²Σ֮ĹҪöˣҪϲ㹦ǾͻƾһѾɿƵˣڼƷǾ͸ǰ򲻴һĴʦָؾԵĵߣ⣻˻ȥԴģڳֺõ£ 
һ벻㾹츳ǵʱûдǡƾˣȻɱľˣп 
ǰһ˵ʱˡƾôߵĳɾͣ㡮ƾҲϲ㹦ƾ˵츳ԺĳɾҲ֮ͣڵĳɳٶȣرˣ 
Խľɫеֻ˵һ䣬ĸˣҪһ£ҪӦʵԼʵˣôʹ󵨵ȥɣ 
һͬ 
ͱһʥʱûжԸʵԼֵĻǺǲ룻ڳ³Եͷⲻ˵ġ 
ˣһͬʱش 
`````` 



ڶʮһ ֤ʵ

       ԴӼ󣬼Ҳû˼ǹң һҲ֪ʲôʱǽʶˣһһȾȻ̸յһ໥СӵĿľڴ˰ɣ 
ңȴĶˣֻŶ֣ǾκңòΪŶԴң΢һ£ͿޱӣңҲȷʵ᲻ֶԸԼãֻգɵˣֲǺ죬һ鷳ˣͲ̫ˣӣνңʹʱ⣻ 
ŶЩһ֮Ϲתƣÿֵòˣżһ˵˼󣬲Żȥһ£ 
һҲһֱƴص㣬ڵǸɽϣ 
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һ˼ְΧ˽µɽ۲ɽеһУĸо 
ͻȻ˼ַϴֻŶӵǣʱѪעڵϣһ 
ʮ׵˿ڣǱʿǴ˫ĿԼ͸¶һֱˣΣ 
ԣǱΣһȫܹеĺ 
ֻոճС̣۾ءؽţԼĸҪʳ˿֪ǵĸ׼뿪磻 
뵹صʮ⣬վһֻڱʱôͷԼ˵ǰȣֻ͸̵۾ȴʱʱһµڵϵǣƺŷ 
һЩȣԼܶĸ飿 
ڣڱǰȥ 
ûһ˼һ 
һεѹͻȻ٣ڱǰеĲ˲ͣ٣ͬʱĽŰǵأǱһɿĶѹȥһһɢȥʩںڱϵѹڱҲ˲ǰǣȾʹܽĴ֣ 
ʱ˿ҪʶˡǰһĻһиж 
ȵһΣȴȲһӣܻܲͿԼˡһԶƽ 
ȴƺǼͷǲ١ءҽУ 
ѪеĸǣƺҲһ˿Ƶ˫𽥱й``` 
һջ˼Уƽ¶һ˿΢Ц 
˵ģ˼һƬڲطǰ¹һ㣬ƺҲ 
⻰֪᲻ 
Դ󣬿ǻûѧһ˵˼÷أ 
һż죬ˣ 
ν˱ˣˣ 
Ŀ 
 
ףôôңʲôˣһٴջ˼ 
۾һʧɽ 
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ңڣԵŶȴǶԼһЦȻͿ˹ߵĿλģã 
ƺ£˭ҲûںһĵŶСһʥҲû¶ų 
Ŷ֪ʲô𣿡һСŶʵ 
֪أˣȻҾ͸ˣŶش 
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˲ 
λʵﶼѾ϶ʵֻٴ֤ࣻҲûʲô˵ģΨһսѡƺص󣬵е˶ʵ 
Ƭ 
ǰ˵öԣûʲô˵ģһսǡ½ӿڵѣиղŵĳأ˵껹һЦЦ 
һᣬͷ΢Ц 
ԣսˣǲɡڵĳνûֹҲûš 
һ˵Ļиղµı飬ѾˣԼϢۺһΪҪȥ֤һ£ 
һ˵£ֻһЦûʲôӦ 
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Щлģ϶ЩˣһЩеȨﶼǳĬ 
ʱ׿ڵ˵öԣսǿ϶ģҪô򷨣׼ô꣬ѱЩʲôƻһҪӳ顱 
ûкõĶԲǰ׻ǺСĵģΪѾʧС 
ȻȣðϢͨȫ½ö½ˣ߻ͨ˶֪ 
ʵҲѣѸӥѶɣȻתСɣȥ֪ͨǰΪʵۣȻǵľûʲôãôֵģ 
Ȼһĸ֣Ȼʲôʲôۣ类 
ͨϰգǣл£½߾ˡ 
綫½˵ߣ˭ˣչˣпܵ£ðϢɣҾ˵˷֣ 
֮˵˵ˣܱסǰ£ṩϢӺϣôֱǵˣͿԼˣгĵ 
һ 
̶һλƺͰӱƵô粽ˣ˵˺͵ 
˵ȻӰ첻󣬵жˣ 
δս˵ҪԼĸ 
òԣã˼죬ϰѸӥѶɣϸڣ顱İ 
һ̾ƽʱϺ˰ţ£һȴеֶΣÿǼﰡ 
˼λѾİ壬Ҳ׷׸ 
ֶǾҲһݣλǰλǰҪʱԮ֣תµ 
һŷ֣ƺɵλǰݺܸ߰Ŷóǰֿ﹧Ϊ϶ͨ죻뵱ĸп```ôû羭˵ʦء 
һµ۹Щ뵽µʦһʥôʦֵǻô 
»ǶһЦЦ벻תͷ׵ǰģһ⣬ǰʦ 
ãλǰӦҲͶ˵״Ц 
ɵλǰʲô磿һѯֻһԪӦõС˵һԭһȻһѧͻ 
ʮǰԲһؾھͲˡȻǴɫ뾴 
һһѹ֣ѹһʥ˲Ŀˣ̨ȻӲúܰ 
ѵ֪˻ǵÿԼǴûڣһ˵Ǻǡ 
ǴڣһʥͻˣһĻҲ˵ϡ 
ãҺûףȻд鷳ˣԲ~֪кδͨ```һипҲ¶֮ɫ 
ú˶ɢȥ 
һҲ߳š 
һһЩ˻һЩĿҲһô´Ӻ׷Ǵιͤ¾ͽһˣ治ټֵܣһǽ 
һüͷһ壬ʵĿʲôĿҿɲʫŪī³̾İϷ 
㿴Ūīķɧ𣿡´Цøɵһһۣʶʶ 
ҲˣѾȷս⣻Ҷͬһսߵսˡ 
뽣˾֯һһĸ֣пܵĻѡôŷ쵼ˣΪжʱ鳤 
һȻԺսٻһжˣҶ֯ĽнսɱһжģҲЩһľ 
һģ֮ǰǣձΪϵͣҲҪΪǰרǰºƵص 
һ΢΢һЦ 
Ǿһȥɡ 
 



ڶʮ 

       ´УƵİ壬ЩУ½½вٸɵ˵һʱ䣬ɸַǷ ʱ÷ɿ죬Ÿ·ĲϾۼƵİѾ£ 
һʱʱһЩ˵Ϣ 
Сɱ𣬾ǸϮ 
ˣҲǸ޼ɵˣҲ˸·ԽԽƣҶǲԼͬĻɣͬһ⣻ 
Ǿǣܼеĸ֣һһ򾡣 
ǣ˼ 
һǳɣ 
Ҫ֪˿׼˰ϵʱ䰡пʮ꣬ҲпǶʮꣻѵ׵ľܱ壿 
һ޷ţ 
漴뵽˸ɴǵı㣬һҲͲνģи߸Ӷأһ΢ʲô 
Ҳİõճʱ͸ֽһѧϵľ飻ӹõҲɣ 
죬һһ㣬ϵط˼еĸã֣һо֮ео 
Щڴɽв֪˶ٴĸǧٹֵһһһ˼У 
ʱʱģһͻ˼һһ΢ģһƿеѹͻͻȻ٣ŵһЩڳԶֵСͻȻֹͣͷϵĶĽŰǵأಷ 
һɢȥѹɲǣͻᡮݡһܵӰ٣ 
ЩСһһԴˣǰԲ᣻ 
һһ߻ܶЩСգ 
һһĿ 
ͻأģһеͷһ䣻ָо˵ͻȻ˵Ī 
һ˼ŵøԶЩҳԭ 
ͻȻɳ֮ΪֲĲŻصƣ򣬳ڵɽ 
УÿһƶҶʮķΧһ·ϷɳʯХ߿еƲ㶼ϣװġ¡¡ 
һ˼УոеһƲߣ 
䡯һľޱһ˼ըѣ 
һоԼͷǱ޴ݺݵһ£ͷǣͷʹѣѾӲ쳣˼ѾκˣĵĸоһϸŻֹס 
漴ڵԪԷĳһ˼ɰǷ˼Ͽղϼ٣ڵԪԴԴϳ˼ 
˼ʮ˼쭷γɵƽϢ 
һоԼͷ漴ֲʵ֢״Ҳʧ 
һ˫ֳŵأţ˫͸¶ž 
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ǣԲǣؾе۷ҲҸоһһ߶ɵķһ 
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ãǳȥģŶǶ桱һϳ˽ٲɣٳ 
ŸոгǧףͻȻ͸ʮɴСһѹнٵĶʮѹԽϣȻһԵĳǹӽɵţ 
һѹһĸоЮ֮ƳɵϷֺ 
ټɱ֮һڽ׶θǿһֵѹЩͨ˵ǲɵֿĻ̻ԱȶԷ͵ײ˶Է 
˴ײǧ׸߿գ 
䡯 
źӵĶԺ䣬һѰľ죬쳹һεĳķ䣬˿һ㣬ɣѾҪײɽӿţ 
ζײȴɽСģѾջصѹ⣬ʣµʮɣȻǰͷɻ̻ٴһǰس˽ʣеһ 
䡯 
һޱ 
¡¡ɽʯ 
ƵĶײȻһɽ 
ʱԭڰеһ˵棻 
δһ߼׵Ĳ޷磬ȴѰ쭷ͬʱе·ϵƶǰ㲻׽ʱʱ֣Ʈ 
ֻһ߼ǧ׵Ĳ޷磬һǰɽ³֣һȴ뿪ɽѾǧңмǶʱ䣬ɾ޷Ǵʧһ㣻 
һʱļ٣Ǿ޷еԽתԽ죬ԽתԽ޲˲ͳһߵǰ 
ԣһǳǹʽ򣬸ȷ˵赲ŶȥΪҪֹײڵɽ 
ײϣһܳܵģ 
ˣ֪е£ȻǹɣΪԲѹųȥ 
һǰ״ǹɴܹصǿܵţ 
ԭҵ飬ͻȻƽ 
ʯһϤף 
иĸģңģģ磬һʥģ 
󶨸ŶаĽ 
һƺСѾͷԼСһ磬ѽԷء 
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`````` 
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㼸 
䡯 
һ죬һ˼ 
ԭѾƽ˼Уٴˣʱ˼ռ䣬ǳġ¡¡һиܵһֱѣƺˣ궼ҪһΪ 
ʹǧҲݣ 
һһҸȥʲôҲ֪ˣ 
磬һǹɻصƶײǣǹɲ޷˲ʧԱȥʱٶȵɶأɹɽɹɽͣʧңԶʣ 
һؾЮܣǹƵĶײҲʹǰеٶȶһ٣еǹɻʮ˵ѹ˻ͷĻ 
ȻʱɵǹɻϵѹС˲٣ǹԭԷеһܹͥѹ˲Сļ٣ȻĴɱ֮Сϲ٣֮⼸ɴϲٵѹǹɱһײţ 
䡯 
һޱɽڳܲ˽Ӷĳȫ 
䡯䡯䡯``` 
죬쳹 
Ǽʮ׸ߵɽʯǧ׸߿غ 
žͼǧ׸ߵɽмѣѺ۳ɽ壬ӣ 
䣬ӰϸСӰŵһζײǹƣķȥ 
ͷһ׷£ɷǵߣʱϣǳ˲԰ 
ԶƣʱţڽѪɫǲҰ׵ˣ 
ٺ½Ų 
ʥʿףȥ忪ɢܣǧҪͷΧס˿׷ߴ 
ʦء׾ش 
뿪סҵģҪ˵ߣ׷ߵ͸ţȴβеʹ 
ɽű٣ڴµǧ꼨ҵˣܲʹ 
˵ͬʱ׷߽˫бߺâ˫鱧˲γһ̫һ壬еĸ°ΧĿյһƬģ 
ͻȻһֱһ׶Ļַɳ¡¡׵İľ죬ǰȥ 
⻹ֹڷеĹԽԽԽԽǿɳ׺󣬾ͱ˿ֱֲϰ׵ĴŹ򣬲һڲϵ׳治֪ļ 
ͬʱǰҲһǧ׳ϰ׿ξ޽֮ƣֱѾ׵Ĵľ޴ 
䡯䡯䡯`````` 
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޴Щ΢ĸɵӣض 
ߡ 
һȴ 
Ҳܲñˣ׷ȥ 
˻ûӳǧԶǾ޽ײʱγɵĳſſŶĻƬƬСĽ˲׷ 
 
ʦ 
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Ȼ˴룬нӹһ٣۵糸Զȥ 
ŶңѾƬҵش 
ҲҪߣҪһ硱СѾͷϲϵ߿ޱ߽ 
ȴһ죬ƴǰϣֻǻʱʱػͷһңȻתͷɳۣг 
ңǳʹ࣬˿ŶһҧԵĳǰɳۣ˽ҧȴ˿˿Ѫи¶һߺ 
ԼֵܵѣߺԼ 
˶ǿһǹУܵеѹңԶʣ֪ 
ΪɽӮ˻ĻᣬӶһػɢǹ΢ɶ˵ѹ˲ڵһ 
ǾޱϣǽǸʥʿ 
ںԻʱʱı޴ĳӶ 
ǰı죬ͬǰĲҽУǺƴǰ 
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ڶʮ 壿ᾧ

       Դһ٣ʱȥѾһ£ ǧڣһ 
½߷׷״󾪣ֱܵشĸɣŭյͬʱеȻ 
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һڸŸɻж֮ʱ 
⣬˵ʲô 
磬ңŶʱһڣ 
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ŵһϵʮˣڵľŴ⣬Ǹԭλӣһ˫Ŀգɫֿ꣬ƺֻʮ꣬ϸһ۲죬ȴ˷ִƽϣ͸¶ŹӣƮݣ 
Ƹһֺìܵĸоһ꣬ȴ־Ȼ 
磬ңŶҲλã˶һ£Ļʱʱ¶һ˿ģ 
ԼֵǲǻţԼֵΪˣ֪䣬һ 
ʱλõ˿ˣǲùڵģ˵ĵʱôӦǲµģڻûصڣЩʲôжɣ 
Ҳ˽ƵΪˣγ˴ƾݣǲܰĻڵģϾ⣬ģôڸһ 
ʦ˵λʦൣġʱһʦԻִ֡ӿڵֻεǵȷ̫С˵ľˣ 
һ鿴ǶԴˣԤı 
ڵڶλĴľͷʾͬ 
СɣɧһЩɣҹϮɣ 
ЩֻǸһǾǵʵˣĿǰ 
ԣʦ˵òľӿڵоͰҹϮɵʵĿǰʵˡ 
Ϊԭ򣬸ɻǶε¼ӣϾ½ĶսѾǧδзˣ 
ҲһҶͬһ뷨ǾǡԲǿһ㲻ܽе£ 
ǴҹϮɣǰҲΪΣŻ֣Ϊǰĳ֣׵˵У͸ôǱʶΪЩֻԲµӶǷ˾衱 
ЩҪģˣŻǰһ١~ 
ľһ˵Լƶϣ̾˿ 
е󣬶ǳĬֱЩ 
Ҳ˻֣̿ȻԪڵǵĸȴʧҲ˵˵Ŀֻһ롱ƽĵȻѾˣҪսôǿҶ½ǲܻ֮ 
˵仰ʱԭƽһ̶ȪͻȻðһ˵ʣǳ˯ǱͻȻѣҪھԨ֮ƣ˿ǿӵǱ㷭츲صܣ 
˿ż˵̬ҲǾһ 
ƺͻȻעһεǿޱȵҲڱ˷ϣ 
ΪиΪͨԲߣ 
ңһ 
Ǿͼʦˡȴˣ˼ͬʱ 
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ΧôһƬڣ 
𣿡 
һӻ˫ۣԼƺһܶǱʲôסˣΧһƬ 
ͷʹʹޱȣദͷˣ 
оʹ 
һûһûһͻȻЦ췢ʾһԼϲãʵڰ첻 
ԼǱûз϶ʯ׸סˣԼĺƺҲûˣȴûиоһƣ 
֪Ŷû£ 
һһʱ뵽ĻԼֵ 
磬֪ûӳ족 
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˼мѵسڣоڵɰƺ˲٣Щ΢İ׵㻹겻ĸܸתţ 
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ֻǸ˿ϸŸµĹ켣ͣţƺǰתʱҪ˲٣ 
ڲͣеĹУڻؾһ˿˿ɰһָоԼҲһЩɰûڱ硢ƹ켣ʱյĶ 
ֲڵɰ˲١ 
һ֣Щɰ硢¹켣תһ˳һ·ֱһط 
һ˼·ҪŪЩ硢ƹ켣תɰȥ 
һ·ƺֻһεĹܵƹЩ壬һֱ죻 
һо·ƺͨͷģûӦͷʲôλã˼Ѿ·һ޼ʵĿռ䣻ڿռλãƺһεľ壻Լ˼оǻص˼ҵĺһ㣬ٵͶ뵽֮ 
ԭ˼ˮأžģһļ 
˼һ˵ζʲôذ׳Ҳ֪˼ˮһ㶼ˣֻʣһŲ֪ξ壻һĽֿ֪̿ 
һתͿž壬Ҫô˼˼ûģ 
һѾ϶˼ޱ߼ʵ˼ʧ٣϶Ų֪ξйأ 
һض 
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һָоֻҪĤ٣ξһ죻 
ЩĤƺҲڽļ٣һʱҲˣǹɰЩĤĳɷݣ 
һһƺʲô 
ԭǴžսʱҵͷҲһ£˼ܵ΢𵴣Ȼ͸оһĪͷѸپȥͷΣ 
ҸոǸΪԲߵѹʱǸеһͷʹģʱƺҲһڳͷȥҵĲӦһȻ 
ͷʹȲӦΪ˼ܵ𵴣һǴԲ߶ײʱ͸о˼ƺǱһ㡱 
Ȼ˼ûһ˼ڻܹ˼У˼еԴͷƺξˡ 
Ҳ˵žڴǰ˼ 
Ȼʱ֪⾧ûǰ˼ǿΪ˲ײзϣҪ޸ˣһٲ 
ʶļӿڷ硢ƹ켣תɰԭ˼뵽޸ξУǲĤҲŸԪļ룬һԸо޸ٶȼӿ˲٣ 
޸޸壻˵˼Ҫģ˼ͬܵľ壬ҲҪɣһ뵽һר־һ 
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ڶʮ Ļ

       Ԫ16ʮգҲǻĻʳʮꣻ֮ٺʮ죻 ܲе´ 
櫹ҪĳЧͣ»̵ĸλһ˫Ŀţʵ 
һžŷ壻 
Ҫ˵£Ѿ˽⡱΢Цŵ 
Ǻǣ»۾һЦʵе֮ˣǰĳŲλǰʵ 
ǡһתʵ̫С½ˣ 
˿Ϊ⣬΢Цŵôܺҽе𣿡 
ϵľմһڡ´ϻ۹ˣʵд㣻 
һ㣬ȻϢй©δܾȫҲö½ĸ˲Сʧ 
Ҫ֪ȥļǧˣɶɵδ 
ЩǸŸɵĵϵ󱲣 
ˣȻû¼ǻʹúģ´ʵĻ 
Щ櫲ҾȫҪûаȫ֧֣Ҳд˳ɹǫصɫȴǴĵԺ 
Ϊ˺ܸˣΪν½ܵˣտʼ˲õĳɼȻⲻ˵Ժ 
˵ĵҲʵû˵ϣû˶ڶ½˽⣬ӵҲ˽˶½ǱҲдƣ 
ȻϢй©磬òʵʩƻܣ½ʧҪң 
Ϊʱܹʥʿǿֻ 
Ҫ֪ʥʿ½ϣǴһʵǺñȶԲߣٵʵڿ 
ƽʱͲӹ쵼˵ĺ쵼Ҳû취мѣȴһʱƺ˼治֪׵۹Ļʵ۱ʲôЩµǿǵģ 
櫹ǫѷʵ֮ʵ֮ʵƯĳҲ쳣ġҵصԼĺһ 
ǣΪǴʹˣǸܵģ»һתصЩϼһǿǷǳ̵ģȻƽʱ£Ȼͬǿ߳ˣôǲܲŲʵˣ 
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´Ц̫ˣΪƾЩˣܺɨ½ǼֱЦ 
㣡```еŭ 
ٰ꣬ҪŰĳһһУΪҷ㣻Ȼ```鰴ɫص 
ǾһȷĽ͡еӲص 
Ͼ˰˵Сͳסˣɪ```΢̾ 
£ǰĳֱˣɫ쳣ص㲻ľӣνǣֻеȣǹ 
Ҫ֪͵ϮһΣԲеڶΡ 
櫻е㲻⣬ҿû˵һ͵Ϯ 
˵ɸռô־Ͳòɢˣʣλǰܹ˶ٵط 
Ҫռطô䣿ƽĸ֣ 
üͷ 
Ҫ֪һۣǳ˴˴ǲֻһ֣ôϸݣ 
ʵɢҲۼԲϮ˵ô 
Ȼһ 
ѵֻеȣȵǾۼȻǷʣ櫵Ŀе㻺 
ԣֻеȣֻڼʵܵסǵıһȷĵƾҶЩϼһǵ˽⣬ֻҪǳǾͲŲţ 
ǵУҪģǸԸ⻨ʱȥƮ۷壻ֻҪǵĺ󱲲ڲɱ 
ȵٸҵķֻҪ·磬ôǾͿԸǶһԼˡ 
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ôǾģҲֻܹԼܣȴĶǳ֣ΪЩ˶ŵǺӵġ 
˰µһ櫵ӿڵΪһۣѾռ˴ˣΪǵĺ½ʵһٽ 
ȻǧǰΪˣ½ʧأǧĻ壬½ǼʵԲǿߣʥʿǸ߲ʵ쾳֣ƽ𣬱ʯʿֻµеͲʵһߣ߼мͼʿǲģ 
һڼʵ£ǻռϷģ˵𣿡 
~~Ȼǳܱȣĳֻ˸ͷѾܷĽȻηη~~¸Цǣ˵һ㣬νթȻЭԲֲ֣ܳҲֻϵģʲôѿеĹͷҲʰһ£һҪܹܵ£ȻͲˣ 
ҪһǩЭǲ̫ܵ£ʱļʮӣͱȥˣҪռ¶½֮أҪ֪ԲǿߵķŭǺܿµģǧԼĵ׵ķŭ 
Ű¹һԵصл㣬ٴ̣ܽΪղŵĲǸ 
˰˳׵ķǳĵؾͬʱҲһͷ˻ǶģΪʲô뾡취Ҫ嶫½أ 
 
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Ԫ16ʮգ֮ٺʮ 
һƬϱԼʮԼʮʯ̲ΧߵͲͬȺɽţƬʯ̲һ·У߽ҵɽܹһƬãã޼ʵĴ󺣣ֻش½Ϊ󡯣 
˵ڶ½عϡ£Ӧ˼ 
ȴȻֻźߣӶӪʮЩǰӪ赽ɽУƺ쳣 
ҽСϣ֡ǹ׵۹еһжӳ´һǧʿЩ׵۹ţڵ۹£׾ϣ`׵Ĵ£ڹֵԮ£̶̶ʮڣ׵۹Ǻɨ½ڽɽʣһЩҷ׷һסˣֻش½ڶġ˹סɽΪ磬׵۹ţ 
˹ɽ½в½ϱϱǧϣΪֻش½ڶɽ 
ϣ`ױھùһǲ£ȻǴ򳤾սפظɽһߣԼȴǴʮӻص˵۹׶ 
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ѾһˣȴƨûУʳ٣Ҳ˵֪ÿ˲ǳԺȣҲԽԽɢˣⲻʿֿʼˣһЩӳһ壻 
ҵǰҲۺ죬Ҳٹˣ۲ΪԼ͵ɽȥɣ 
ǰ 
ϦǱĺˮź㲨ˣŮλð˽һ֮ԵĹ£˫籦ʯ㶯˵˫ 
۹顯`׵°۹½ĿеŮ``` 
ϧһССжӳҲҪˣܹһ֮ԵҲϱĸˡ 
ԶĺϣֵĿе 
ףֻôô󣿡 
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ѽ~ƽôˣۻ˰ɣ 
ϣָҪһ۾ֻȫһ 
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ڶʮ սһ

       ϣֵĴС ֻ뺣ԶĺУͻأһʮףʮľˣ 
һԵģ˵еĶһ֧ߴʮ׵ľ˾ţųɶʮһź߼ٳ 
žĽӽǾ˻ڲϵ 
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뺣һԶʱǾѴֲʮףһڲϵ 
ˮʱġ¡¡죬ѾúϵֹͣһжĿɿڴԼԽԽˣƺȫŴˡ 
ģҿʲôһʿе 
վԭأҪ֪﷢һĴ 
󣬿һĲЩͨʿ﷢ֵˣ 
ҵ񰡣һʿ󺰣ɽȥٶȣͺ޵ȣﻹܸղǰ׳յĴУ𶯣 
ХǺХҿ```һӳƵʹö 
¿ǰȺŴ˸ˣ 
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Ҫң 
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ɴʱ˭ʲô 
ԴȻ˭˭ľǰ׳ա⼸ʿеͼʱ뷨 
ʮĴӪ⣬˲ڣӦ㣬һȺȺӰɽȥʱм䷢һҽЩСĵʿˤ󱻺ʿʯȳһǰ 
ʱ˿̣˭ϵ˭ 
ֻһƽʱҪõʿһǰһǰţͻȻǰʿȵһʯһϰǰ㣬˫ץҪٳסƽ⣬ɴʱʿѾ嵽˫һƣƵڵأȻԥؼǰܣ˳㻹ϲһӡ 
صʿʹ 
ȴǸ˫Ű壬ϴϲȹеĸǲȵͷ 
~һǰĲҽУ漴Ⱥӿû 
ϣֶһ 
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ͬʱǹɿĪĹ첨ҲԽԽǿ 
ϣ֡ѾɽҲͻ˽ŲΪѾİٶ׸ˣӦǰȫش 
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ͷЩܵýϿʵǵʿϣ֡г˹ͬʱ󺰣ֵǼͣܿ㣬ϾͰȫˡ 
ȻûĺûʱӦڡϣ֡УƺͬЩӿٶȣ 
ֿЩûܵɽţɳ̲ϵʿе󱯰 
ʲô°ԶĴ½ʲô¶ûɳɣȴܵѣѵԵسͷ 
ڡϣ֡İٸн֮ʱ 
һ죬ƺʲôӲʴжѵ 
ţϣָ֡еһҵҡΣҺпôѸٷסɣûйɽȥ 
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ģô£ϣַش 
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ǸճˮĹʹ˦ϵëҪϵˮ˦һ㣻 
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ʿɽʱ˻ 
ɽʯײʿʱۡӲײʿǰĲҽ 
 
һƬ 
ɷʿʲôܣƴɽǰ̣һǰ 
Ϊֻ֪ɽߴܱסһ 
ϣؽҧ˫رסɣԼȥͬһڷ˫еˮȴôҲܲסµ 
Ӻ 
ͻȻϣָоɽԽԽСԽԽСֱ΢ţ 
ϣֳŽɿץסɵ˫֣ӺѾû˿𶯸ˣ 
ڹȥˣĵڹȥˣ~ϣַЦЦֱЦ˻ߣ 
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䣡 
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ҵܶʿǵأǲתͷ󣬽һԭ״۵ɴţȴûһ˷˿ 
ֻһɫۣһͷɫӣ˫б٣˫΢գ͸Ƿɿ¼жƺڶŴ˵һЩʲôƺһţؼǹɹ첨ȴԽԽǿңԽԽʵĸо 
Ѿ嵽ʮ⣬ʮѾﵽֲؽʮ׵ľˣڰ 
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˲ 
ײ 
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䣡 
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ЩѵģǻסһҪס``` 
һɽźܽʿͻȻУڵϣָǰһı飻 
ĽǱߵͬˣǰȥȻӦ㷢һ̶ؼУ 
ǽǱŵˣ 
`````` 
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ϣֵļʶһĻҲֻܱΪˣ 
ϣпЩڵϵͬǲȥֻۣɽȴָԼķȻǵı飬˵ЩʲôҲʵе벻ͨ 
ףôԽԽСˣ 
ɽµҲԽԽԶˣ 
ôҲԽԽ```ϣеɻ 
ɽ£ǵһָɽеʿǱղŵιȥˣ 
󣬸̧ͷͿǰҵɽȻѾ˵棬ţԽԽߣԽԽߣ 
ɽϰ׸߿ʱɽϵļ˷Լ˵Ĵ׷׾ֵشУ 
ǣ˭ܾأ 
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ԺǣΪʲôҪĶ½ 
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Ǹطǲҡվֻǹϵɫƺе΢ɾĽ 
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䣡 
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촫 
ڿʮĺ棬һߵͲһ˳ 
վںߵĺӣƺ¶һ΢Цݣ漴ɫ䣻 
ֻأ̧ͷ죬˫ĿգԱȸղŸٶһЩԣеǹɹ첨ȴһЩ֪ı仯 
ͬʱǰжﴦͻأһֺգǴһռһ㣬ôͻȻĺ⣬ϦȫڸȥٵؽӽԽԽۣΧ¶ҲȻʮȣ 
ʿǶɵ۾·Ǳʱðĺˮʪ͸ 
ֻǺԽԽԽԽͬʱҲԽԽΧ¶ȸֱķȴԳǸȥģ 
ȵֺմǶλûƽϢľʱǱߵľˣͳͳʧյΧȴǶһȦɵȦȥƻã 
ʱĺ˿ɲ˾ãĸоУǰһֻľޣѪڣҪǰһУ 
˸߾ٵ˫ѾЩ΢Ĳ̧ͷ­ϸ΢ĺˮеȴһ̲ͣţ 
 
ĲƺǴӶʮﳤѹ˾ǰʮף׵һ黷͵Լϸǲһһ͸ǽ 
ҲʱֱѾ׵ĺճǰʮ״ 
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ײ 
䣡 
һ죬ŻĽ̻ͬʱըʮռʱһƬѪ죻 
 



ڶʮ ս

       䣡 һ죬ŻĽ̻ͬʱըʮռʱһƬѪ죻 
ʿãûܵʲô˺ߵȺûôˣǺ֮еһУͳͳʮﳤĺ棬ˮȫڣɵˮʱΧһƬռ䣬˿ǰ״ 
ҴʿǶЪ˹˻ţǿ־壬Ǻ£ĵ׳Ͳֲܹܵѣ 
ʱĺˣΪǺյĳ弱ٷ˼ʮףɫĳǳʲɫһ԰ףȴһ̲ͣŲ֪ 
ȵؿһ֪ԺΪģҸʮĿռ䣬͹һ磬ȻǺܴ󣬵ҲЩµĿɵˮȫ˺淽Ƭռ˲ֱ¶Ҳûиղǰ޷ܣ 
ҪһʱͻȻһƬڰ̧ͷһɫһӱòҰף亹һð 
ֻһ߲֪ϿȻжߣʮƽľʯ̩ɽѹ֮ƣӼ׵ĸ߿ռѹһ·ϸǴ¡¡ƾ˵ܹʯɽϣϵķɳһСڵ㣬Ȼ˦Զ 
˫ضϿռѹµľʯϵɫǧ򻯣ͣһֱ֮Ϊ뱯ߵı֮ϣϵҲֻǷһʯХȻתŴ½۶ȥ 
ЩҴʿǶɵأǼѹľʯгһִͣѾľˣ 
˳ʱľ֣ 
ʱķ 
ڳֺʱϲã 
ɽʱĺȻ 
շʱһĺ˵ 
ɢʱһ˲ľ 
ҴʿľˣǲپУҲܣڴ˭ȣ͵ĿžʯԽԽǼķѹѾǵ·ƤһϸСѪۣȻ˿Ӧ 
Ϊʱ־壻ֻصĻжԶļ˿˿Ĳ᣻ 
ʯѹʮʱǿķѹѾܹһͳͳķһЩڵϵʿˮǳ淴״̬Ӻ߳һЩڼԳ˳ײּʮ׸ߵĳ˻`````` 
ʯԽԽӽ棬ڱ˴ֻʮʱղûѹߵʿǶ۾ 
Ҳʱһֱм׵ȭӱб·ѹľʯͬʱʯʮƽﷶΧһ״ǻڵϵʿһСһ㣬׷ױ׸ߣһƽеģʮƽ۵糸طԶЩƽɵʿеĽ㣬˵Ĳ˼飻 
𣿽ý񿴿Щʥʿ˻Զ٣ǿ⣬к˲õı¡һ쳹ػ䣬߲ԶֳһֺգԹѩ֮ȭ֮ 
ͬʱֱ׵ȭѹľʯײʮ׿У 
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һ쳹ؾޱǸףʮƽľʯȻֱ׵ȭķѣÿһĽʯ棬һ͵ 
ײΪģֱʮĵǹ̨ĺƽ棻˰ķƤڵⷭԶֱɼײĵ㣬ǳһֱǧף׵ӣʱˮӿ࣬޼ʵĺһ̣ 
½ǧڣǳֵ߼ĵҺһƬ̵Ȼϰֵꣻǧڣһͨ˶ܸеõŵ׵𶯣þòϢ 
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ɽһ֪Ĺڣ 
ĴһƬﻨ㣬ٲˮ̶洦ɼɫ֮һ˾ס԰Ҫʤһ 
һŻɫ£һͷ׷ͻȻеĵͣһʮ߰꣬ɫȹװľɫŮ 
ЩСһ˲֪أȻʮԲսǻʶЩ˾ȻҲܹܣ׷ţЩ죬ͬʱҲ̧ͷüͷڿʲô⣻ 
ʱڣһһ˾Ȼһ꺢ͯһͷ׷ǹǳ 
ʦôˣľɫŮǷʦĲʵ 
Өʦһͳȥ񽭺е׷ʲô춯صĴ¡׷ӳ 
ʦҳ̫ˣɫŮƺ˷쳣 
նӨԼҪСģʦǰһЩ飬һҪμס˿׷ӵел͸˿˿ذ 
ǵģӨʦ̻壬ʦԼҲءɫŮƺ˸ܹʱľϲĹҲ˿˿᣻ϾСĵطԼΨһˣ 
Ǻǣʦô궼ˣʲôį˵ֲǲˣ׷ӳŮ˿ĳ 
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һڴǻãֻǵɽ洦ɼӣտĽЩطһЩ΢ɱѪ 
ˣҵϡţҪת뿪 
ͻȻоһ𶯣ȻǺǿңͨ˻ѾоʲôԻӵĹܹظо 
ֻŽɫһȻ 
ǿҵĳﾹȻ΢ԪһԲĸڽսһֻһԱϣٲͣתŷɳ۶ȥ 
ȥʱٶȣΧԪΧڵĻһᾪ쳣 
Ϊôᣬʮꣻ 
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󸽽ĺƽ 
ֻϿգӿﺣڵĺˮʱ˵ĵΪ޸ƯƼγɵ׸ߣֱ֪ˮźϿգʱͻȻɢֵĺˮ䣻û䵽ףȴֱһεϰգγһ״ˮеһӰʱӰܻͻȻʧҲܻĺˮγɸҵˮõسԷ 
ʱԭĺѲˮѳǼʮʯ̲ԭɽȴƬƬ죻ڷҡҷʱű˳Σգ 
ŷ˹ȥǽ棬ȥûû˵ģҪʲôʱ򣿿ȺϼһԽԽˣģ֪ľʥʿ¸ꡯ½е 
ɻû˵꣬ʮδСĽ˷ΧƾǼʮöëȵͬʱ׼ͬһĿꣻ 
¸ꡯʱʹ֪ģΪϵǿߣֱǴ̣ǽϴͷţ޲ɢĽһ˫۾һɣҲܷ˵ν 
¸ꡯϵ·Ѳֻʣһ̿ߣϸǲ֪öٵ߶ڶıûʲô£·ʵܱסˣ 
ˣͲˣֲҷ񣬸ղŲŽгһ仰ϾͳһѪۣȻת۾ڵĶˣȴҲҳڣ 
ϵܣġ򽣾ȻϬޱȰ㿴Ǻëӣ·סˣֻ˿߲ϳӹȻӣ֪Ϊ 
¸ꡯܹ⣬֪᲻Ѫ 
ʱĽɵһΪϵǸǿߣʼĺطӣһʥʦ 
ʥʦʥʿĻǰܵһʥʦ 
ڲ㡮򡯵£ʥʿʥʦڡ򡯵ǿϼһģ˫սʱһ㶼ãΪǿȣֻƶٶȣԲʥʿֻڹʤʥʿһǹٴкã˲˶ԷڶԸͨʥµĶʿ˫ʹáƵУˣʥʿĵλʵҪʥʦ 
ҲˣСơʥʦǳǱһ 
˵سɼжޣű٣µֱʥʿ׷ɱǱһԹʱʱ 
ֻһ߳һ߷ֺգʹơкơȴܶ㣬ʵڶ㲻˾ڸǱǱһЩСǱסģ 
䣡 
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ɵġֻءײʥʿ١롮ױǡȭ뽣 
ֻƬɵײ˶Էܹصȭ뽣 
Ű˲͸԰סһ޴ȭͷһǧ׳ľ޽Ȼ΢ɼȭ޽ķǰһ㣻 
м伱緭ըѣըѺĳʥʿԶһ㣻Ȼ΢ɼһ㣬ǿߣܹĸоõ 
١롮ױǡ϶һƬأ˿ҷ 
ġֻءȻ鴫Сÿμ̲סҪĽֹЦ 
綼һ£ȥֻʮң´Ʈھ޷级֮Уȴ˿ҡһ㣻 
˶΢ҡҡͷ¶Σʲôû˵ս 
Ҳ֪飬˲Ż˲ݵĺ̱ 
䣡һޱڵļ롮ŷǡԺһǣ˫Էɿ󣬶ֹסΣǴм䴫ܹشһؾߵĳڶ˵˿Ҳ𲻵 
˿żԼһƾվĽ꣬Ҳһпӻ 
Ҫȥս 
λһ䡱ǽ꾹ȻôĶ½ͨ￪ 
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ĵƣղأС 



ڶʮ ս

       ˸Ҫǰβɵͣ 䣡 
䣡 
`````` 
󣬽սҲ֣ͣȻķֳɣ˵ԼӪ 
¸꿹һ󽣣ͷ췢Ͼʣһڿ㣬һ˫΢Ƶ˫ضŸղŵĶ֡ڴڵĴ 
ʥʦɫ԰ףǻһ˿Ѫʱ۾ץʱԼ壻ѾЩˣ 
뿨ױǵãһһὣվϿʲôɫ˫۾εضסˣ˿и 
Ŀ֪ǿˣһ˿Ķ֣Ͷɢǿܣ 
ŷ˹ľǿȻ˴Ҳϣͬǵ̬Ȼģο᣻ 
ԥſǰһǰ˽ףʱѾ΢˼ͬվλã 
ѧŶߵıȭ˫ȭһ˵λǿߣ˰ŷ˹`ף½׵۹ʥʿλҲǹ׵۹ʥǿߣǷֱʥʿױǣʥʿ``` 
ŷ˹Ļ˵һ룬ѾͷĴȵˣǲ֪ЩӽʲôèҪ˵ľЩǻǼɣ 
Ҫ֪ǻûأǴαʥʿ׷ɱƵ˼㣻Ϊű٣ӱʹ˼㣻ʱռƣֻҪʱ϶ʰǸʥʦԷ̸ 
ĴҲǶԵģڶԷܵ£ҪǷΣգ᲻ǰ׳Ҳ֪Ĵ𰸣ǽͷϣҲ֪û뵽 
``` 
˽Ļŷ˹һ콻ףʥʿǹ׵۹ϴ½˭Ҫŷ˹ˡܹ漴뵽˶ԷԼĿģֻǿѹŭ˵λ˵꣬Ǿתսսɣ 
 
ɫ΢䣬ҲأȻޱվգƺһѳâ¶ܵĿߣݡش̶жһɱ⣻ 
ʹ죡~Ц漴Ҫս 
ֵԵȣ˵Щʲôս١ƽƮƮ̬ȻƸѶԷ 
пǲôƽģҪİս̳֮أǵһӢҪһˣ˵ǧˣµĲӿ˼ʮĺƽ棬еҪ֪`````` 
磬ʲôŵ㲻뱨ԹҪǰλͣ࣬Ǵ𾴵ģ֪ô˵϶ĵֻǶ˵ĺʹʧ̬Ȼƾ˼άô벻ŷ˹е˼ 
ŷ˹һ֪Լвˣ 
ƻʵȥ 
뵽ŷ˹ڵλ𾴵Ķǿߣ룬ΪεʵǲӦñ˴˶һӦȥɱЩһͨʿҪҲһ㣬嵽ܼĵȥɱһǻʲô 
ŷ˹һһĵе˼ǲݣɱͨľʿСҲɱȥȴȫ͵Ϯ֮£ 
ÿЦҧгݵص׻˵Ƥ޵Уĳ컹Ǽʶˣôʥʿһǰָʲô 
ŷ˹ЦЦƽصһǰ˵ǡ١ױǡ¸ꡯ˹ɵΪǳǶ½֮һڸƣͬһʱ̲סȥдһ£½似˭뵽ǻûɣ˹һͬʱˣǲòӶ˹ʧأҲȫǰɡ 
ΪˣҪעݣ˸սϣҲ𣿡 
``` 
Ѿ÷ˣڶԣһֱֺŰŷ˹ȥ 
ǣһȫ࣬磬ȫѸٿԷ 
ŷ˹Ȼ٩٩̸ȴʱעŽ˵ĶθնͬʱѾһȭӳһֱ׵ȭӭֺգͬʱдһ½սȻ仰½Խгģֻ򶫴½١ױǡ¸ꡢҲͬʱϣ 
ھ֮ͬ䣬һҪӵĻ㻹û취ȻҲʥʿˣ˴ٶпҪʱ׷Ҳǲ̫ܣҪסǣ㣻 
ǰʮӰʮ֧һ㻮Ƴգ¡¡һ·½ȥ 
ʱ˷ɵġ򽣾ΪʱٶһƣѾʮңҪ׷ǰҲˣʵڲǶʱеģ˶࣬ҵǰ಻ʮףƾǵٶȣ׷ǣҲҪڼǧпܣ 
ȥУ˵ĵطǾҪƵˣ̸ʰǡ߷Уü 
磬˵ô죬ѵ׷ˣԺ󶫴½һ찲Ҳ 
ףôͣˣ뽪񿿵һˣ漴Ҳͣʵ 
ʱȴǰҷɣ˫۷죬޺޵ؿŰŷ˹ԽȥԽԶҲ״ǰͬʱҲͣΣʱ˾ǰһͣ˰գ 
磬㣬˴磬֣Ժǿڱ˴ͬķϣӦһЩɵӣҰˡ͸һɾ˵˾һ 
ֵܺγԣæ˹ 
࣬˴ʱҲ˽ǰ 
ʱԭӦܵԶԶİŷ˹˾ȻҲˣͣ߰⣬ңߣ 
߿֮ϣԣǡ죻 
˫е㷢죬Щ˵ҽټʦǧӣ׷ȥҪԲ𶫴½ա 
ʱѾ뵽˶Էͼ˲ǧͨյ׷ȥս֪Ҳû취 
ӼȻ˹ҽҲǺùҾֻǰȥ½ƴһѧټҲָ췭ظŪ˵ҧгݣɼʱĺжжΣ 
ִ˼һͬǰȥûڵʱҲ΢յ۾ƽص˫ȴ˿˿ľ⣬쳣Դӡ򽣾ɺһ˷ŭ 
ŭ˲ɱͬŭԷ޳ܣ 
Ҫ˵ˣǽеĵһģǱڵϴؾһɽأؾӣؾϲؾǴڲѧ򽣾Ҫ֪ڵʱŹֻţֱϵˣҲδŲѧģ 
ͨɵֻܴáٽ 
ڵĳ϶ûʸʶҲֻѧϰڽϸĹǧ 
ˣؾ⵽ڴϵеӵķԣȻؾСʵϲǴȨգϴӦ˲ٴڣ͵͵İѡ򽣾ΪԭȴҲòȥһֻ֪ĵطԷҪСΪ֪Լӵĸ磬ҲǵʱڵĴϡУǽľĵе˼ȻҪԼõĺӣʱճһؽģ 
СǸܵĵطˣСͱֳ˶ڽ츳򽣾ȻͨΪ֣Լ뿴Ҫ֪ԽϵȵĹԽģ 
ΪأСͲϲԣֻжԼ常ʦؾŻ¶ͯеЦݣֻʦͽõû˵ 
СһĳɳؾǰϲԼľȻеϲڣܻЩеԲӶӣһĳǶԽľ츳ؾͱİˣ˵Ϊŵķչǣĸɲиܹµأ 
ʱƣֽվǰסģڻؾӡ¸ˣѹ֮£Ͷĸ硪ȥ߿ࣻ󵱼ŭҪؾȥۣȻסûȥֻʱɫеݣµʱί̬Ҳû룻 
Ϊʵǰɷ򣬶ؾ֪㾡˲ǣССֺҲ 
û꣬͵ؾؽڵ죬ؾȴˣڽİ·ϣҲ֪˭֣ƾؾʱؾ֣ܹϢɱĸ֣ǲࣻ 
µ֪جĺ󱯷Լɷʬ巢ģһղҵ֣ڱһѾʮͷؽ޳Լĸ׵ľĲ 
ΪǶؾصĻӣȻǰؽҲвʣҲĸ֮Ҫȹ׿еڸˣڱ֮Ҫȥĸ֤ģ 
ɱǿǽϵĴ£ټϽ£ǧӷѰ֣иֵ÷зʱһһĹȥµķ֮٣ڻǰϢˣΪҲ֪Ҫҵ֣ǲ̫ˣ 
٣Ƕʱܹҵõģ 



ڶʮ 

       ڲѰ֣ǻбҪɣֻؽԼһ˻ڲѰ£ҲǰҲ̫ƽ ǰ󣬻ûƽϢ̫õĽֳһ£ 
ڵɡϻ̣ܲٽһǧˣ޻ǧһͨŵӣһҹ֮䣬ÿʬϣûͷֻĹ㳡ϣĸȺ֡ѪծѪڵڶ죬һǧʧͷؾĹǰͷؾķĹȦ˷ʱؾĹǰһʮҵꣻһֱԲȵĹǰҹ 
쿪ʼԱֶһؽ£ΪԼɷ죻ߵǰ£͵ؿͷл˵šԲ𣬸Һ常Բ𣬸Һ```Ϊû˹ʹ̫ͣʯײ˿˿ѣͬʱͷѪֱͣĿͷûһ˿Ҫͣĺۼ 
ʵСʱҲǺ۰ģǵ֪ɷҪλҲֻﲻ죬ΪԼĶӲƽƽʱжϲжã뿪˽ڣ˴ҲжʮûˣСʱļ䣬ҲǸܲĺˣº󣬾͸Լĸûʲô 
ѾԭֻΣ常ҪλҲͲˣ常һҲúúõģҪֶֶԼôˣ 
ѪֱҴ޾˵ףšˡˡÿһԴײʯµˣǰסĸӺޣ 
󾭹׷׵Ḷ́µ֪׾ȻԼ״硪У 
ԭµ߿࣬ؾۣ뵽ؾΪڣԼκβдʱ취£ʱƣзؾѾдĴ㣬ΪԼҲؽܹڣҲΪԼڵĵλܶҡȻѡɱؾΪʱûڣɱؾ˭֪ؾĴ㣬֪ҲûãΪ˭һôϤ˵ء 
˺ϻ̵޻ǧˣҪ֪˿ɶؾĸ֣ؽɱ֮ޣټԼҲؾؾʱȳ͵ϮȻٺ֮ɱؾӦðһʧҲֳ󶯾ʲôۼһļϣ 
ؾҪȥ죬Ҳ֪δϢΪסȽԶ˾ؾʬҰ 
˱Ϊһʧ˿֪飬ȴзˣڶ˼У˼еΧͻȻоؾĸִԶɹʱҲû⣬Ϊ˼⣬ҲûǵĳࣻҲ˼ѹķģʱѾʮ꣬˵ûɽɽȣӵأֻһ˼ľҲոͻƵؾ 
ʮ֮䣬ﵽؾ뽭ǼֱţѾˣؾҲΪﵽؾҪôŽؽڣҪѹԵʵЩλĳǱ죬˭֪ǧ㣬û㵽·УؾΪãҲûзУƽʱҲ뵽лᰵø 
·ؾߣؾһһģֻиɲпܣпܵĻǺڵɣ 
ʼѰ֮·͵͵ĿϸϸĹ۲죻һһңΪϻ뽣ڱȽԶڰǣ 
ŲҰķɱ޻ǧʱǴǿ̽ıȻǽڴϡУ 
һҪģҲһҪɱģ뵽˸£ѾΪԼʹʧȥɷ򣬶ΪؽŻɱؾģ 
߸£ά֣常ıɱôͻԼɱУ 
Ҫ֪ýϵ֪ıɱڣεҲҪˣ 
аڹ洦ǰıߵؽû˿ؽĸӸǼȺֱԼ硢˾˵ĺݶԼɷ򡢸׵ĲЩ˵˸УϾԼ׸磬׾˾˰ΪԼôģ 
ĶԹ˭ܱأ 
ºĬĬ뿪ĵĵطؽȴԸҪ֮λʵؾʲôأ֪ԼȻѾӹܽڣѾˣ 
ؽһΪʵָ׵ԸһҲǵ֪ʵȻﵽؾᣬȴʵǽĳɾͿ֪ˣŽҪԼǰ; 
ôȥؽ֮λأҲӦ 
ıָᶨؽΣ֮ʲôòĵأҲ˽ģλڣԼĶӦûȫɣ 
ǲӦһ֮ҪҪסؽ˵ûģװˣھգڽֶˣֻʣ¼һؾĳϣѾ֮ʵˣȴûΣ飬ҪߣߺˣҸֻǣ֮ҲĿģ 
常ؽпűԼҪķĿǰĽڣʣ¹¶ĸģؽĻҲŵĽŲʹ֮λ 
꣬Ҳûýʧ֮λȻβɶ򽣾֮󣬸ԴΪ常ԴĽȻΪ򽣾Ϊµ񹦣ԭġ򽣾ڵĳؽʹȼӿ죬Լʮ֮ʴﵽԲλн֮УӴ˽֮ٴƣҲڵ꣬ؽΨһĶӡؽΪͽڽ֮λ 
************************* 
ǸҪĽɫһϸһ¡С£Ƽղ 



ڶʮ ת

       ƽʱĬԣȴ֮ʱȻҪ뽪һͬǰ½ɼжŭˣ ࡢ缰ԣͬʱһۣ˴Īɫʣ 
~ֵܴ˼ƹȻôҵȼ˶һͬȥ½һ⣬һ۹һ½ķ羰˳½ĸֽֽ~Цʮ㣬Ԫ𵴣ʮܹ 
ԼԼ½ƣ㿴׵۹һ֮ɳҵͬǿߣعصĸֶв٣ȥ׵۹ȥ׵۹~Ҳ͵ʮھȻϣ 
˵ 
ͬʱЦҪ½ȥ 
ǵľ磬Ҫɽ⣬˷㣬Ԫյƽ⣻ɳʱ쭷磬ҲԶ·ѣʵڲо꺣ף 
Բ˵ȻɵֻҪ̫죬ѾвǵˣȻЩܲ˵ģ̣˶ڷԼϵΣգǿҵԤеģ˺ӷ 
 
߰İŷ˹ĻǴһҪ͵ģҪ࣬˸Ƶ½ȥǹ׵۹ҪùˣҪ֪ǻ롮סսأ 
Թ׵۹붫½߽µĳޣȵࡢŪ󣬿϶סһ׵۹ʱԺлǿҪԲ˶ˣ 
ȼ˻䣬˻ûת֮ʣŷ˹Ѿٳ˷ȥͬʱеȲҪߣл˵ 
˵꣬ŷ˹ѾͣھҵĿУҲǲҿ̫ȻȺŹǿΣյģ 
ࡢһԶƲһЦֻǰۿŷ˹ֻнҪϱӣ 
һֹ̧˽жͬʱֵĪҪżзִ硱 
ҲǸһ񣬱ʾĪ 
ֻǰһһٶףŰŷ˹˵ķʲôҪ˵ģǺ͸ղһ㳶Ƥӣ㻹ǲ˵ΪãȻ``````еͳˣǰŷ˹ղŵǿʶȷ˵ķŭ 
ŷ˹ҲǷǰԼĻڶԷ̼ܴͺڵҪ˵ЩûõĸʲôʱĸϹǰһһϹʾ𾴣Ȼ󿪿ڵ𾴵ضǿǣҾֱ˵ˣε˵ҪĻʵǸߵѧ۷壬մﵽսȥûһҪȲ˵Ҫ޹ߣӦõΪֹˣ 
ʱⷬһһԭĻбԲߵĲΣʥԲƽˣǳ֮Ϊľ磬ҪڴԲôǶأиߵĲֽʲô 
࣬û˿ԾģôҲӦ֪иߵľģ 
ߣȻ֪ˣΪλҪ͵ϮɣɵʧиɵʧѵˣԷ˵֮Աǣȵ 
Ȼ֪ǻҪΪ֮ѵҶ½ˣһֲôҪˣ˵£ 
ŷ˹Ҳ磬ɫƽ˵λǰĹǲҪἰˣҲ˵ôǵʧҲӦóǣʮӣʮһҲټƽϣǷǷǶȥˣԺսϵĻǲμӵĺãԴҶкôǿΣ 
ŷ˹˵ʮʮһҲӽʵȴ˭¶ˣֲʮͨӣϼǧɵӣȻϼ޻ 
ࡢɵӣʶ㣿 
˰ŷ˹䣬Ϳˣţ˵ǶʮӼеʱѵļǧɵ룬ʮҶ½ʲôأǿЦ֮ 
˵ǶʮʿͼǼǧӵҳǵжЩףҲƽˣǷǳĵϣҹ£ѵΪ˾뿴Լҵİͨߣܲɥ𣿡 
ӦòᣬȻѾǲͬһΣǻˣԵ޹ʵز˵ǲԸģ˵ö𾴵Ķǿǣŷ鲢ï˵ϻʱʱ֮ɫ 
вڣҪؿˣǳ˿Ϊ½տǣǻӦǴҾһɱɣȥ½ɱǵͨգǾɱǵͨգɱΪֹʱǼǶ½ǧˣȻҲ½ˣҲǱǱƵá 
Ǻεŷ˹е˼Ȼһף˼ͬʱɫŭڣҪȥ˶ԷǱסˣиǽΣյźţûг֣Ҳײܳһʱ֮죬½ѣ 
ࡢ硢˵ɫǷǳѿ˵ŭƵø߿յĿ綼ɢҴܣ·죻 
̾˿˴λֵܣǵĿǳԶˣǼԸƴƣȴƴսģǵ˼Ҳףٹǵˣ⼸˾ͻ᲻ҪƤȥɱǵͨգǸö½ڲˡ˵˶ʬȴΣ 
ҧгݣ롢׷޷Զʱʱ 
֣ǵ˼ƺȥԲϾ߲ٲμ⣬˶ҪսҲ˵ǵԻǻҪ𣬻лᡣʱָֻԭ΢۾ͳ˵ֻ˵Ҫ𣬻лᡯʱ˫罣â 
һڵ˾Ȼ˵ôһλǺټģַʱı飬˷׷׶**⣻ƺǾʲô 
ָֻһƮѵ̬Űŷ˹ƽص˼˵ԺԲǿߣҲǵʥǿ߲ܲμ߻ӻҪսȥ 
ŷ˹ڸղţ̸˵ˣ˵ıҲŷ˹ϳϿңȴЦǲӦǳԶˣͽΪǿꡯѾ϶˲òͬϵɫҲеʱĻ 
Ȼصսû취Ƶģǧǰǵİ𹥴ǵ½ʱ˵ҲʥϵǿߣʧˣȻһܶ϶ʧܵԭ򣬵Ҳ½ǿ߸ԤˣǶо仰ûйزɷԲʱҲ½ǿйԼܴ½սʿ룬½ʱпܱͳһˣΪǿϵģ˵ĻһҲӦһ 
ˣ׽׽ĹأǵĹأǱȻǲҪԤĺã˭ͳ˭Ҳܵͷ㿴Σ 
Ѿ½İڽɽȴʧܶ飬ʼǸԣ½֪ԭĿֻеʱİ״µļλˣ 
ԤĻǻоʧܶˣ 
Űŷ˹ѻ˵꣬ࡢ硢˶Ŀ⿴˽񣬽ɫǱ仯޳ĽսһɵĴһ壬Ϊˣ 
ֵܣ˵öԣҪ𣬻лᣬȻʧأиȴ࣬һЩ˵Ҳӳˣ󻹵ǳɲţûǣǵչܲԼܵĻҲ˵ˣԼǰɣҪսǽƴһȻһȥ½ഫͬʱ͸¶˿˿Уһ˿ 
ʲôսܣҪ֪뽪֮ǿǽĽ鰡ճʱ뵱ʱո¶ͷǵʶ˴ƢͶϣҲͺϻеһоǶʮ֮ãֱ˶𽭺֮òѡһ½ĺʼӣҲصɵ˳һְڼʱʱɣϵû˵ֵ˴ѣȻдѹţһҪսĻһģҲܾƨˣ 
ȻĻ⣬мһЦһͻָƽ˵Ϊһ֮½ˮ֮УһŵģҪսǾսҾͲǶ½ǣȥ⾳ģǹϼңȻټ½ȥ 
~ãֵд˺Ҳµص 
ԣһϵСɣӿһӵҲ͵ 
Ҳһݡᶨʱ˵ɫҲ 
Ǳߵİŷ˹Ҳʱ̹۲ż˵ɫȻѾаȷ˻Ӧ⣬һ㲻Ľ̬ȣʱ˶Ҳǳ׵һң¶ظ΢Ц˿Ҳһ࣬ĵҲǲԸսȥˣǴ͵Ϯɻ˵ϾߣȴҪȥɱͨϰˣ̫ʧϵ£˭ôԸɵģ 



ʮ Э

       ߿ԣʱɫѾȫڣûֻмɢǳ׺ҹգش΢Ĺߣࡢ硢ˡ񼰰ŷ˹˵͹ǰѶԷһһ Ѿ˾̬ƮݣŰŷ˹΢΢һЦɫ˵ζŭЦе֮⣬лЩ 
ͬǵ⣬ԺԲϾ߲׼μսҲ׼ȥ˺ͨϰգֻ֮У͵͵ǲʥǿ߲룬ǽ붫½ǿߣȥǹ׵۹ÿһϣԶţĪҪǿߵϣնصɫһƬ£Լľģ泯Űŷ˹ˣòƾ棬ҲƵ 
ŷ˹ΥԼĻࡢԶԶ½ˣʱΪԼ˵ϣҲò˸صĴۣƴ˵ҲǣҲΪǿߵհɣ˭Ƕ½һͷأ 
ŷ˹಻ɵô˸ƺ˼Բǿڵ۹ŰǳصɽѣХһƬͿ̿ķ棻ȻԼҲڶ½ͬ£ʵѲԼԸˣ˻Ҫʲôã˵ʲôʲôʵۣʱ˵ҺסˣһнԳɿ̸ǧ 
뵽ŷ˹ѾٸСļƻʵ̫󣻻һһƾʵʵ嶫½ڼѾռ˱ˣ 
һ˰ŷ˹ӷŵÿˣһͷҲ¶һ˿΢Ц׳Ӳƣһʥǿߵķ緶 
ãһΪԺʥϰʥĸֲòսڶ½ͨղȹǵǰ£಻޹ɱǣǿߵ巢ģ˭ΥԣԷֶεȫҲúŷ˹Ҳն˵ĳ 
ãҲͲʲô־ݣһΪɣ˭ΥЭԷֶεȫҲúҲ˵ 
ŷ˹ʱȣ˵ҲһЩĹۣϾǿ߻ǿߵϵģһЩС˿ɱȣֶЩԼһҲǲСģڶԷ˶ģҲֵܱ̫Сʧ˶½ߵķ緶ϾҲ㸶ˣʮȻʵϲôԵȣ 
оǺһڶ½ͨղȹԷǰ£Է಻޹ɱǡһԺĶսĪĺô 
ʱж½ϰնݵʿ򼺷һЩ˵ϢȻƾͨյʵôܴ󣬵ҲһԵƣҪ֪ԼĵϣȥһЩǶ½ˣԺռһЩôǹϽڵͨտɾˣ 
ܵʱҲȡһЩʩǣʩֻȵȣһ裻ܵ˵ŷ˹Ҳ΢΢һҲʱû뵽˾ǶˣԺͱ뷴ˣȻķܲԲǿߵķŭ 
Ѿ£ࡢҲͲٶͣǳŰŷ˹ӭȥŷ˹εҲûӣˣȴǽţ˭ҲҶ϶ԷͻȻ֣ʱ˿ûԩ 
ľ룬תۼȵߥʱ֪⻹⣬ࡢ˼ٷдĿ紵ðŷ˹뷢·Ҫȥ߿ձͷ󣬴ʱͻȻһʮ̨һ㣻ŷ˹˶ɫ΢䣬漴ָ糣ӲûжһҲû˾ֿôǾͲ֪ˣ 
Ƕٻȥת漺֪ǣǽ춨µЭ飬ʱĪҪʲôԺлǶ׽ԶԶĴ˵ķѲʲôǰŷ˹˵ҲӮࡢ˵һ˿𾴣ǵͬԴˣǷսԺлдд裻 
ŵһȺһ¸ȿڵЩΣԼһľõ֤ 
Ƶɫе԰ףղһֱ·ûúõιԼˣʱȻץʱˣ 
ǵǿ࣬õļȴǴв簡˫һһս˰ŷ˹ٿսƽ⣬Ҫܣ½似ޱģǰҲһЩǰ˵𣬻ôţǸһˣҲʲôǼʶˣҲֲš֣һͷĿױǸп 
һһս뵽ҲҪܣ֪ûз֣ǲ似ʤǣĿϣҲǱǾһȻ˵ʥʿսʱ޾ҲڶԸһĶʱͬǿߣ˫еĻǻظٶҲǸٶȵģǿ൱ظٶҲӦòǲÿγȴǱ˷һ˿Ҳܶʡһ˿һ¿ʲôʱһͳˣ;ƿʱǻһЩʱǲҲУҲӿڵͬʱϵĴ󽣱˱ȣƺڻղ˵˾ΣǶ½ѧγϵһֱоµ˾֮һһѧĵ 
ŷ˹üͷ˼һ£漴ڵҲöˣνҲǶԶ½ľѧһЩ˽⣬ȻǾѧô׾ģ棻Ժǵĺȥֽֽ̣пܵĻҲҪĶ½ѧооһز©ɲʡ͵ĵƣܾʵûô򵥣ıԶǣƶˣ 
ȴʵǿʲôҾø£ɱСѾͷ˴ǹ׵۹ǹʹ˶֪ 
ҲָоȻôǿңǰе벻ͨ൱ǱʯʿߣôΣոУһ˵һﻹ治ˣòƴʱ۾ѾƺڵƣһҲжദ𣬵ɫѾ˲٣ 
ŷѾת 
ΪʥʦȻǲ࣬ǸӦҪϸһЩģȻҲָоǲˣԺһСЩлỹȥ̽һ£̫ˣǧǵ⣬ڿǻҪõģŷ˹еصĵǻȥЭ֪£õʱʲô⣬ʰǾ鷳ˡ 
ãȻȥ 
ߡ 
˵ 
Ӱ˷ȥ 
ǵѾ԰ЩɣжܻҲֲǣΪ½һȨ죬Ȼ˾˺Ҫûر⣬˵ȥҲţȻ˵Ϊܹһƿһĵ̣ƾڶ½ķѵ״ԼĵòҪʱֻֻҪ½ķ֮һĵ̣ȻθҲеѵû뵽³֮Ƿŵԣذ׳Ҳ֪𰸣ƾڱֳʵȻǿ󣬵ԶԶﲻηĵزѵʱ̣ͼأ˭ʣ˲ò˻ɣ 
 



ʮһ 

       ࣬˷۵糸ػҹգŴ½ǰһ·Ħݿִٷɻ¡¡ʮھ ǲǹΪ֮Ϊܿ죬˾͵ܲڵĸ߿գ 
ߣ 
񷢳һߣƺǺأȴǴһɵѹ 
ڿˣԭѾƻԻͣԲĽȺʱ󾪽¸ֻӰӵ٣׷ңһȺûͷĲӬײ 
ܲ´ڣһȺΪ׵˸߲㼰ܲĸ߲ﶼۼ෴ǣԭЩ̸Ĵߺһӱüž쾳µ˸ʹ֮ɫ׷˹ֿϵǣѹÿ죬ȥҲ죬û־ʧӰ٣˶ظ˿ɫָ漴ֳһµӣ 
ͷŶû̬ľֻиλİˣֻϵ¶һЦЦı飬ڵ櫹ѾɹͿǵˡ 
𷢱ۣݽõᣬ¶һ˾޵΢ЦаڣԺɻҪأ~ 
˵껹գգʯ㣬ƻõ˫ɼʱ櫹ĺܲء 
֪ԼʮӴ繦δʮһ֪ܲܿĵ 
~櫹ʵǿˣ˵ʲô̲̣Ժ໥ϾˣºЦȴ˲ô̶ʱ˴Ӵ߳ȥĻͻǳˣΪһ⣬ȴ˿Ҳµ 
ǫ飬ûĶƣ黹Ǻ鷳ǶĴԲǿ߻˿־֡ջ˸ղ΢˷ܣЩµ˵ 
һ󡮹Ц漴ɫصǰϼһҿԸܹģظëȴҲԵúǿɰ 
~~ 
~ 
Ǻǣǣ 
Ц벻ƽϵİҲĬʱ 
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˼֮ң 
ǲܼĺɽһŮĬĬһɾɽϣ˫ֱ˫ȣͷ˫ϥ絶˫绹ʱʱʶ 
أ~һ磬ﰡ㲻ҪŶ~~ 
ѽŶһĻҪһɽҲģأ~ɣŶ㣡 
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֮ģ֮ĳľɽָһѹ֣ 
ʱӰٵԶܿ͵Ůԣ 
Ŷһ˶ˣôʱˣ岻õģңĻˣ~һɫʮڵ 
ǰŶȥһģǻ۵ģҪûչ˺㣻ʱңҪùˣԣˡһ°ɫҲο 
ȻǸһӻڵңŶˣ 
ң˿ʼһʱҲ˳٣Լֵ֪ܲһҲͨˣƾһı£Ӧûô׾ȥӦöһطˣѾˣԼҲӦǷϣӦƴΪһѩޣˣڰº˾ǿѹĵıˣʼŰ 
ŶµĴ󳳴ֺ󣬱Ҳģһ˶͵͵Ŀˡһʱ˶㲵òˣң绹ļȴûʲôð취ңҲòÿһʱο 
Ŷңֹͣ˿̧ͷ 
ǰˮ˫ȴֺףԭ͸Ҳò԰ʧɫ滹ûиɺԵۣ˻ԽĲţһ使޵ʻ𽥿ήˣңһ鴤 
ǰ˫þ§סŶ 
ҪٿŶ޵÷ңĶˣһȥһòã㲻Ҫٿˣ~ɫЩͬʱ˫ۿԵңг˼ᶨȻ 
ңص˵ͷ 
ھߣˣȻ϶߲ɣԺ벻֮ңᶨĵ 
ôؽѵ˵ǺγڵĽжΣգΪԼֵãȻ̤յѰ֮· 
Ŷ̧ǰͷ涵صлл磬ң磬·Ŷһġ 
ɵѾͷ```ŶԴ簮ص˵лл 
ߣ 
һ磬תۼӰѺڤڤ 
˸뿪󲻶ãɽҰһϷһ̾Ϣ漴ӰһΣҲʧԭأ 
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Ԫ16꣬¶ʮգࡢ밬ŷ˹ڽһսѾʮ죻 
ԭڵԶһǣǣ 
ʼڻ341꣬н߰ʷǶ½Ĺųǡǽߴʮףʮףʮ⻹һ߰׵˹Ǻӣĳǽһܣ䲻֪ӵжشḶ́ɼʱְ˶֬࣬˶ٰյЩʷжܹж˻ΪǶ̾Ϣ 
û 
û 
еֻǳڳһƬˮеֻǱϵټĸҡ 
ǵĳվسʿƽʱֺżһʻʱıϥһ˵ĵȼ֣ 
ʵȨĸܹ֡õǵ𾴣֮ӵеֻ˿ 
·Ѿתȣ˶Ŷ䱳ģӳĳ㣻е˸Ǹɴع˰ӣһϥ̿㣻ʱȴֻ࣬һ°׳˫ֱʮ꣬ţ󻹸һɫȹɴ棬Ի£һϸɳŮ 
˾һǰһһҲûȵĸоֻЩ㱣أŮȻϵı飬Σƺһж˺ӣ˵ĸоһˬ죬ȴһ˿ȣ 
˶ͷǣŲ棻Щ˶ָָ۷׷ףȴȻǸĲɵģŮʱĶ·ˡЦƿʲôĶ 
ʱһʮĴ󺺣һѿʴ󵶣ǣһ߰СкŮȻСкӾָʵףôô·ǲ𣿡 
ɫȻһ䣬ȵҪ˵ͬʱϻ̳ϿֵضŮȭСӲ£λ˲Ҫ⡱ȻֵͷСкȵСɽλ˵ǸƽʱĽ̵㶼ûס𣿡 
Ск˼ɫŵöҳˣֻ۾ίˮ󺺵ɫһ䣬漴һҧһƾ˹ȥ󺺵һͷҲǽˣٻӣƴһķҪ䵽СкϣҪݣ 
СкʱɵˣؿŸ׵İƴԼﻹ㣻͵ҪȵСкʱԱٿȻһʳõСкǰ紦 
ۡ 
뽣ײϸСĽûƶһ˿һ󺺵ȴ紥˵˻ȥһƬף 
ֻһƬӰǴȹóŮСкм䣬ָŴ󺺴ʵô׵ģӣܾ㼸ƣֱ޲磡 
ȻʣŮ࣬飬Уöɿظԣ˵ÿɲ᣻ 
ŮʣֻзǵЦݣһصͷǸԲˣҲԣֵǡϿȴһϵʹһҲо 
ߣԺҿôӣС㲻֡Ů޺޵˵ͬʱеĳȻת¶׶СкСܵܣ㸸ԺԵ޹ʵĴ㣬߽㣬Ϊ㱨𣬹ԣˡ 
лл㣬ƽʱ׶Һܺõģң첻֪ôˡСкίص 
ŶҲܴôذԺ㣬Ͱ֡Ů 
ЦѾͷҲǸûĳҲʲôֵع£϶˶ԷĲԣҪ˵ףͷԺҲˣѵҪһӸ⸸ˣǿŶԷҪٷӦǺ߰ 
ûСкػŮͻȻųŷ򺰵һܵܣȵҰȻɿ׷˰꣬·ϻͷŴ󺺡סҵĻȻ```ߣ䣬Ѿ˳ţʧӵȺС 
 



ʮ һ

       ĺö·˶Ŵ󺺣͸¶֣еĿʴ󵶺ֲҶ˵ʲôղŵŮһ㣬ǻȻǰرСкԼĶͻȻʧȥһ㣻 Сɽôôأøղλ˻ĵȻʹˣеµص 
СɽԲ۾ԼĸףȴǸܵ˸׶ԼİԼǣңǰһСɽڻǺܿģ¶˺ͯЦݣ 
󺺿Сɽģغ˿Ͼӻ̫С 
˿Ů쳣ΪһˣһǽеĶ֣ô᲻ǵأŮѵ˺ֵĵزˣǿҪһֲܰ쵽İһְһֻ־ˣһֶָĸģ˻᣻ϿԿ϶ǴɵĺĵӣɵĻãҪǺڵˣߴүС㣬Ǿɱ˿Ǽҳ㷹飻Скö󺺻Ǳ߽߱ 
Ϊײ£һˣڽһ˭֪˶˵үүֻ۾Ȼңʲôʱŵòϴޣүүȴǿʧȥ˫Ŀʹ࣬ڵϿͷģѪһذ˵ѾʳСкҲŵˣڴ󺺻ಷ 
˵ͬ˵˾ʲôź޺޵뿪ˣʱǸ˵Ӱӡҵ﷢ģһҪΪүүҲƴΪòõĹҾԼ⹦ƾһԹһղϼϣڴﵽ˽ֵĳɾͣҾӦÿȥˣ󺺵ϳһɺݾݸҧÿ죻СкʱҲרĵŸ׵ĽСɫ仯޳ 
ǧټƵĴҵ˵Ǹˣ˭֪Ȼǡʮʡڵˡڵһ˵ͱһצҵʱֻĶӣһݣǱסͬʱҲ֪Ҫȴˡ˵棻 
˵ЩʲôСɽҪסԺЩأˣǧָ˵ʲôûСͻȻִضСк˫ȴԵøˣ 
СкȴûŵǺĵͷףˣһסġ 
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Ϊ½ų֮һҲһƬӶͨŵɵʮףлпԣǵԵĵ۴αȣǵмС̯ӣȺӵַǷ 
һɵԵеϣ־һִе֣ʱ˶ԼֵܣüĵģϾҲǵһ˴ģĹųǣɲǰЩӾЩССܹģ 
һܵܰôʲôأ½һҿɸ˵˵ģǸˣɱ˦ҡŮҴҸһߴߴص 
һշɵüͷֲɵ漴ε̾һû˵ǰ 
˵һŮҲһϷԣǰһǲ֪ɽϣһʱ˷֮£˰ɽһҪХԼʱɽȴһ̶ļУ 
յһһ飬ʱԼΣǵɽʯѹˣﻳһηٳԴȥ 
սӽԴͿһɫӰһƬطҴܣҷɵɽʯʱϰɽѵأֻһЩʯҷҽƬǰһƬûɣ˿һʲôڵסߣٿɫӰȻһץסǧ⣻ 
ӰͻȻԼʲôץסʱе㷴ӦȻĪصǧ⣻Ӧ󣬾ͿһɣãͷɢվԼǰһ̶С 
ȾܣٶƱȸղŶɽʯʱҪϼ֣һ·ϴӰת۾͵˼⣻ 
һʵеƣһͱ˳ΪͬʱҲԼĹƺ˲٣ڵԪƺǰǸžҪ 
ѵ˵һؾˣһеȻ 
ͬʱ˼нڣڵɰƺĵ࣬ǷƵй켣ȴֱǰЩ仯Щ겻ĸܸš 
˼·ǰ˼УǿŷϹξ壬ʱξû˵Ѻۣ˸涼Ө͸ɢϹ⣬˼Ļתţһǿصĸо 
һ˼ؿ壬˼ǻصҵĺӰԵøˣ죬ȴûϴķ뾧壻ȻЩѾһĿƷΧ֮ˣ 
޸Ҳջһ˿˼ˣǵõžҵͷʹǿ˼мӿٶȡʱƣ޸ͷʹԽԽᣬֱʧùȻûž˼ĹãҸоƺǰ˼ǿ󣻲УҵԿ뵽һ˳˼ 
Ǳ۾ 
ǿ˼˷ɢ 
ʱ 
ɽɽϪָĴСɵߴվǧԼŮһУĿȴǰǰֻܿҶϸëҶڵϸС綼ܿһˣ˼меһƬҶ棬е֭Һѭ쳣һСϪϪˮڷ棻 
˼м 
һ 
һǧ 
 
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ףȻﵽףǰֻһװ뾶һԲھȻܹڵһҲǷԲʮڵһжֻҪգܹ˲˽һУѵҵ˼ﵽԲ磿뵽һҲ̲ס쳤Ц 
ĵҲҲʱȴ˶ֵܣŶĵǣֻЦЦԼøΪѴ֪ޣھˣֻҪһʱ䣬ܹɵôЦ 
һʵҲ˾ŲʮˣԪǿ˻صһؾ۷壬һΣνҲҪ޸ٶ̫죬ΪʱˣڵԪԶ޸Ѿ͸֧״̬ǿ˹پ޸Ȼ˹Ҳ˴Ԫ鲹䣬͸֧Ҫ֪Ԫ޸һشǿҪӴοһǿѹ壻 
ԭ˼е˼ͻûﵽΪʱһҲֻؾڶѣҪﵽ壬ҲǴԲܴﵽ˼ǿȻԶˣ 
ȴػ˼ȱҪſ˼ڣһȴؾ¾ģһ޶Ԫ飬ԪԶһԣҲͼĲ˼ڵǿȣ˫ 
ģģ˼ռϷ磬ҲȡҲҪⱬҾƴѹʱһһĹȥ˼еĶӵеĿռСıȴǸɲôǳ岻Ԫֵ֧˼ݣһڱϵѹѹ 
ڣǱѹ˼ʱ䣬ѹ˵һξ壬Ҳھγɵͬʱͬ˷ܼһͬʱǿ˱ȣ˼ͬʱͻȻ˺üȣ˼ڿʼס˱ܣ 
ҺŲСĿռܹţ˱ܡͻȻǿ˼Ҳһ޴ʹ״̬С㱬ˣҸ㹻Ŀռ䱬ֻҪıըûгҵ˱ܿռȣԪֵ֧˼ǿȣӲ˼ڵİΧԸ㣻 
Ȼǰڵһұ˼ʹһ㣬׷׻ģ糱ӿǿŸսľУҲ˼ӿ׳ 
ʱ˼ڿ˼ٱҲͲΪȥѹˣž˼𽥼٣ֱʧҲһһοǰС 
վ壬˾ĽṹҲͳ˲ȶûγɶãͿʼڲʼѣֱѷ죻 
ʱԪָо˲Ծֵ̿ļæֳȥȾ壬ʼ޸Ḷ́һֱһһĻ 
Ҫ֪ԲǿߣؾؿʱǿһһĻۣһһѹٻۣѹ˼ܶȣҲǿ˼ڵǿȣǵĸ˵Ǳι˰ʮֹʱ˼ļȱɵĳʹܹɹ׵Ļֻʮ֮һΪǿûһޱȵԪ飬Ҳ˲˶½Բǿ֮٣ȻԲܹӵϵ½ƽҲʮңܹͨһꣻֻн쾳˵Żӵϣ忴ߵͣڴԲϣʱͲö֪ˣȻܴڣ½û˵⾳ˣ 
ʱһ˼ǿȻĺȷһΪѾԳؾӵе˼ȴϸԲߺܶࣻؾ۷˼ţܹݰ뾶׵һԲȻûô࣬Ҳʮ֮һң 
Բǿ˼ȴܹݰ뾶ʮ׵һԲԺ󻹻ӣԲǿǲּģ⾳綼ΪԲΪ漰һԪãԲǿڵԪܹԪǲģҪΪʲôһǾͿˣͻƣҲֻܵЩԪ⣻ 
ѹǿԪˣǿ˼Ҳûʲôãѹʱһ㣬ͬǿ߶սʱһԺԲƣΪͬǿ߷ӮǿһѹܹõģҪ似ԼԪã 
ѹֻԵһߺʹǿǰԲˬսʤıر 
˼ǿҲ˵һҲûãҪ˵Ԫˣ˼ԽǿԽĸоؼһУԪڣȵܹӦԪһεԪʱôͳɹˣ㽫޵ЩûӦԪĴԲǿߣΪӦˣܹգܹһܹԽս֪ʲôˣִԲ֪ûгֳֹֹһ 
һڵ˼ǿȴǴﵽ˰뾶׵һԲԣĲ֪ĸãԪһؾ۷壬ʵ㲻ǴԲǿߣʲôֻ֪ˣ 
һֹͣЦѸջ˼УȻ˳һ죻 
Ƭ̺ 
Ȼﵽʮףԭ屶 
~һһЦ 
ǳ׵ȷԼ˼ǿ屶ʵ̲סĵ׵˷뼤һ٣ٶʧ̬ûˣʧ̬Σ 
ŶǸ߲ɵѾͷ 
 



ʮ ԭ

       ιʲôءӰתۼһǰʮ״ һʱˣҲûȥƽŮԴϵĲ˵ŮһĵҲеΣԵ޹ʵĲû˼Ҹ 
ͣ´Ц 
һʵ˵СȻû£Ǿ뿪ɣ 
˵ 
Ҫתȥ 
ѾԼһͷҪҸСȥϴһ£ȤĥƤӡ 
ιʲô߰Һ𣿸ղǶðɡŮһ˫Ưĵһգգضһʵ 
һһ٣ŮǸصղҲСģԲˣҺСûʲô£ 
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˽лɴС̡Ҳ࣬Ȼһʱʦ˵ʮͽһؾͬмûܸϵأʦһƭҵġ 
ʦȷûƭʮ쾳û˵Ȼһʱ̫̣û֪ǣ˸ɵĺȻžޣû֪ʲôʱ쾳ģҲֲеʦۡ 
û뵽һϸģʦ˼ҳʱû֪ڽ˰ɣʦ˵նǰãҷֱıȱȽǣ¿ΣˣУҵҸڲУСôᣬӦò̫ţˣ 
һô֪ŮĴ㡣 
ŮµģһΣֻεصС˵ôأ 
ŮؽҲܣ֮ûô˾ˣ㿴Űɣ 
һʼͷʹüͷʲôòأԼڹһʵûʲôܹ⳥Էľʧ 
˾Ĭվ 
ôûУô족Ůǵȵе㲻ͷˣʵһ仯СһãҲûʲôҵģѱɵˣ 
һʵ벻ʲô⳥Էľʧֻ˵С㣬޷ģҪԺ 
УûⱾСľʧǾ͵øҵһ걣ΪŮ¶˺βͣص 
һһ 
㵱ڣôܣһŶȥأʱ㵱ڣˣ˰ɣҲûʲô£һ 
ԲһҪȥ죬ǲܵģԺ˵ɣǣ˵һҪת 
ŮˣݡһӰ˴˶ʮ׾룬Ѿһǰ 
Уô׾ˣ´Σ´εʲôʱ˭֪ܲ㣬ʲôҶ֪ȥŮĵص 
һһȻҪߣǾͲôˣȻﻹеΣܲڰɣѾ뿪ԭذʮףżԶȥ 
Ů¿ɼˣҲӰһ׷ȥ 
ǣƾٶô׷ϣһȻ˵һؾŮ࣬ӵеԪ飬ܡԶԭɱȡתۼ˵ľüˡŮۿһӰԽȥԽԶԽί̲סۡؿ޳ȻڵϣҲ׷ˡһ˵Сϱ޵Ǹİ 
Ѿܳǧ׵һ֣ʱ̫Ҳʲô£ĵĿʹ˰޵Ŷ 
תûһŮǰȻһ֪ô죻 
λС㣬Ҫȥ죬ҪҸ㵱ǾԲܵģ㿴ûбİ취ܽһϿҵصᶨǾǡҪҸŵڣҲҪᡣ 
ŮһһȻĻˣϲԼȻûСӲ 
̧ͷˮѾɴմʪˣƤŮеظԾɣȻϸɴµݣԿ϶һһɫŮ 
Ů¶̬һҲɶ࿴һۣ֮ģ˽֮Ȼ밮ȴһ㶼ߵģ 
Сĸ˫ʦ󣬲书ʦ˵ҵıѾԳʦˣ˰Ҹ˳һܻȥڳһ㱾¸㲻ʲôʦ˵ննһŮӸô춼֪~~Ů˵߳˵ɴʹ޳ 
ҵڣȻ֪ն㻹ʲôĻȥҾͲʦٸһЦãҿɲɵӣȻ֪ĿģŶҲ֪ҲôƭģһҪȥء 
һǴŮˣȻ˵ĲȫģҲ˶٣ֻֽ񽭺ϵĸʵ˭մɽһôأһᡣΪܱ֤ʦ񣬲ұ֤ʲôΣգʹŮһֱĵزһš 
ò˵һĹЩ֣²ϸϵĲһҲڳ뽭ˣ΢ڰһģҪùˡ 
~ҺòãһѣҲ£ֻҪͺˣҵʱ㱣һҾˡŮѾ΢ĵһ 
ǰŮ滨ģһĺ״κ˸ղŵĵΣʵʵɽˣʲôأں``` 
ûкҩɳ 
Ҫ͸ŰɣҪߵ·߳˲ȷԣʱģʱ򻹿Ҫ¶޻ҰʱɱԹһεص 
ŮˡৡһվȻԹģԹ```һ·û˰ɣ⻹ЩǮҸ˵ĵطȥϴ· 
һԼһã룺ԭȥЩҩĻǮڵʡˣҲɣ 
ļ죬һЩˣӨֱŶҪ鷳ӨŮ֣ʲô棬ʲôҪʸһȥ˼СͲϷŹκܹüĶһ£Ǹһ£ 
һΣһԷС򣬿һҾ¥쳣һЩ쳣Ũ޵Ůر࣬ΪʲôõطһҪһȥι۲ιۣ˳ЩһҲν֮˽ȥһſڵ˿ǵ۹Щ̫ͷʱֱЩطԾҪһҾ¥Өͬ⣬Ҫҡ 
ţŪһʲôʵĳ֮ͷˡһؾ߷룬ЩͨôܵˣеѹֱӰѺܶ˸ÿ°ĭеĸѪһԾס˳꣬¥ʧһɹܲô࣬ŪĵһЩҲзеģҲԵ޹ʵȥҪǵɼȻѾˣҲȥˣ 
ܺߵıССһСĵϰ̨ǵĺ̨ΪЩ޹ؽҪͨȥһߣҪ֪ܹߵĿɶǳɣ֯ԳˣȻԲȥ 
ҲºһȷӨǸͷβ鷳ʱһҲͲٹֻԼߣҪ͸ţ߶Ҳ£ 
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߽ſڣһ͹ŵһмƽףдεİһŷԲÿһˣֵظ̸ʲô 
һ̸£϶һЩССżܼŰӵĴ󺺣ϻһЩƱ 
Щˡ 
һҪҸλʱӭһʮµľƱ 
ӭ٣ӣС㣬¥Ʊؿڵ˵ʹͷǰ¥ȥ 
һٴλһһ㣬ȻѾ˾ŲĿˣһЩλģԶֱ߾һſ 
ΪʲôһҪȥ¥һЩĿʵ 
Ҫ·ľƱһ漴Щĵӣճ˵ƾȻȥ¥ܲɣ˸ˣίһ£С˸ڶ¥Ҽٴż䣬``` 
һ¶΢ЦƱЩʲôˣƾһĴ֪ܿͨеĹؼܾǵȹûɵÿ˿Լһ°ɫĳۣȻϸɾҲô󰡣һ 
漴վԼһװóʱӨͤͤͨʲôţѾͷȻ˵㣬ʵ뵽һٶԣʾƱ· 
Ʊ˲ͷ麹æӣС룡ͷ¥ 
һߣƱ̾ԼãҺλƢãûҼƽϣȻ``` 
Ҫ֪Ʊɲôõģִ¥ӭǿҪж۹⣬ѿ˷ָŵȣһþͻ¥Լ֮֡ 
ƽʱĿ˸ͲӴģһ㻹вٽӴӭ¥ľƱˣʮܹλã۹ȻǶ 
һӨһſʼĴһΧȻһֻǴһеȲƵ°׳ۣȥˬ࣬ȴôҲ̸ϻ֡ȴǿ˲֮ͬһװƽʵֻһ㸻̵ӵܣ͸¶ֻ벻뵭̬֮ȴܹͨӵеģ 
˶һȺֵĶһ󣬶ƾеʵһЩݵֹ⣬Ҳ⡣ 
ܹڴУȻر¶벻⣬鵭ֹˣͿ϶ƽ 
Ҫôϰֳ棬ѾҪôžԵʵ̨ĳ棬ิӵĳҶ£ǳ鷳ôܸ㶨Ҹ㲻Ҳܰƽ 
Եţ˲Ż¶һڲͬȣȲÿ˶ܿóƱɾܹһˡ 
ȻǾǰ׳գһӨȥ׳Ϊǰ׳յģƱ϶һƣȻһ䣬Լǰ׳գӡ 
ƱѾ϶һӨһǴɻ֯ĺӵˣŻֵóϻ̳Ͽ֡ 
žƱ϶¥һԷֳС˲١¥мҲȥ¶ϯһ¥ͬǣϯڷŵñȽϿյ˴˸ԶЩĸǸǶ˼İ䡣ٴϯλܹ¥µľ£ϯϵĿҲԵձһ¥ʵĶ࣬˶ǵ̸ţӰ쵽ˡ 
ţȷһ¥ҪһЩһĵֹ 
Ҫһȥ䴦ȴǱһסˣǸһɣýˡһĵ 
ǰеĲһ٣漴ͷӦ 
õģӣС롱˵һָĿǸϯλȻ˲֪Ĳ˵صӣС㣬ˡ 
ӨˣƱеĲ˵ɿ췭ͬʱͣʵǾ¥ЩʲôƲ˰һ£һҪóŶɲҪǰľ¥˵컨׹ͨͨ 
һһۣһûʲô죬ǳ׷ˣϲؽǡ¥ĲҪ㡯ˣɶǴǧ˻ʻ㣬½˶֪Ӫḻ˵յĹЧʵˮеļƷǸûءشĽףھɽܹɼıɽӣϡе``````ɡ 
ؽԭڷĲ˵Ө;ͲٹеĲ˵ˣֻһ˫˵ĵۿžƱ࣬ɴС첿λһѾʪ 
һ⸱龰ҡͷ̾Ϣ 
ˣ㡯ЩĲ˾ˡһڵ 
ǣӣСȥ족һƱֹͣ˽ܣȥ 
ӨҲѣܿ췢Լĳ̬ͻأغþǰϦȻ棬沿ı飬͸ʵɴ˾ǰһ֣ѵõصͷ˵ 
һ˻ǲҡͷ̾ 
˵ʮˣһأȴŶһв磬 
ŶҲ֪ôˣ룬Ӧû°ɡһҰο 
Өһ̾ϢҡͷҪ߳ŭһһԼС¶ĳ̬ 
̧ͷ 
˵ûУοˣһһһŻ£Ŷ̷С˵ 
һԴȥһĸˣǵڳԺ֮䣬ҲʮԶ 
Ͻˡһﰵ 
ӨҲǷʲôסҪڵĻٴ΢ͷ 
ʲôˣһ磬Ϸһָһ׵ĸֵźµʵ 
ٺ٣缸֪ɡ¶̷ӶʱץһŻһúζ 
СӰ˵˵֪Щƨ£ǻ᲻֪һβĻ˲мĵ˵껹бһۡ 
Ŀе 
սɽɱƲε¼Ժ֪ܶϻûͦͦظҫص 
Ŷ˵ʲôܣ󽭺û֪ȴŪˡսɽԲص 
һҲеЦĻǸçͬû̲סҪ©ˣȻǻ˵ 
һӨҲڲͷϸ 
Өÿڽϵ£͹עúܣƽʱˣʦҪɽĿİɡһ漴ֱĶԻ˹ȥ 
ǿ֪ɱϮ¼Ǹֿڵ 
һһ 
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ʻսɽֲмĵɱϮ¼˲֪ģ˵ľ£˰ɣͬҲһɨ˵ģʾٹע 
ιιιǵ˵ֻǿͷѡο漱ˣæе 
Ŷ˵սɽνĵ 
ͬб֣οɲ 
֪αϮ¼һϵѵ˵ɳôˣôʧѵȥˣҿ˵Ǵβʧأɵɶ˲ٺĵأıе 
ŶȻ˵һ㣬ϸѵ֪еĻսɽʱҲ˾ͬһҲʾȤ 
ͬǶעеˣŵǵȻȻһ˵ʲô˵Ǵ¼ɵ߶˺üأ¸ʮһ 
һʱһͻ 
˺ü¸ʮһǸһؾңŶֻһ۷徳磬ǲ°ɣ뵽һеˣɫ¶벻ԭŵָҲʶͻȻսᣬӦòᣬأµġһһоɢһ˿ѹ 
Өæͷˣĵʵһܵܣû°ɣ 
ӨĽлһϷӦջһ˿ɢ¶ѹҲҺջصĿ죬ûʲôҡһмĿӨһۣû£ȻְעеĶԻˡ 
Өһȷʵûʲô£ҲעĶԻ 
ȴ֪Ҫһʧ̬ҪжĲҪ֪ÿһߵԶǼᶨĿ£ǹϵ֮˵οһ׸ɽǰͻȻҲʧ룬һʱȴϢеңɼҲǹˣ 
 



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ǽҲֵĺ,ȻҲټ,ķһֱ,һֱ.ȻӶŵŵš,ӾȻûһҵġʱһֱûڵ˽ӿڵ. 
,.!ǰ,ǿɲʲô!иȺս?˵ 
Ⱥս?սನֻ΢ĵ,һؾڶսɡһ 
˿. 
˵ĵȻ,Ǹսನ?սɽæʵ 
,ǰ,ǿɱһ,иǡڡĵ,ǰЩµʱҸ,ҵġֵ 
ڡ?ɵ?սɽе㲻ŵʵ 
Ҫ֪ڿǽе֮һ,һһȺ,ֶкü.,սɽЩɵĶ˵,ǿǸ߲ʵġ 
սɽԼͬоȻֲεݣȻеԾ 
ô?⽭лһɸҽСڡ?е㲻,һֱһڵӵΪٵġ 
˵,ǰҲ塣µ˵ 
ͬôһ˵սɽȻˣҲټ,ֻǵ,ڴ˵ȥ 
!ҲΪ,һŵʮ˵еĴԲǿڽ󸽽ս,Һڽ󸽽,̵кüǧԶ,Ȼ```: 
˵Լһ,ֻ۾ɵñţۻ 
ʲô?Բ?˵еĴԲǿ?ʮ?ͬ˶ʧ漴ƷԼʧ̬ĵһΧûע󣬶ԼͬԼ졣 
һĻëһ˲ 
ʮԲǿ߻ս?ҵ죬ʱֻĸԲս˲ãʮΧܻ𣿳ͬǿ⣬˭ܵסǿҵսನһһ뵽ʮԲǿ߻սĳ棬Ҳһԣ˵ڽ󸽽˵򰡡 
ţǲ˵ľӾۼ֮뵽ˣһȻһҶ½ĴԲǿȥˡ˵ʮԲǿߣϮɵֻҲ˵Ҷ½һӾͳԲǡ˵ľҪˣ˵ǼʥʿҲҪԴ뵽һҲеңֳ˿ڶĿУЩЩͨ˵ı 
ǿ֮Ϸֻܹͨᰡһòҡͷп 
˵Ľ̸࣬ƾһӨֻҪǲҲ 
ͬǳԾӣûٵ⣬˵Ǵܰ˵ҷǿɵһλǰɵλɣҲܼԲǿߣϮ˵ľӪǺ˾ȻҲͬǿߣʮ˾ʼս 
ŶˡҷֻԲǿߣԷȻҲʥǿߣ˵׼ǳءһ 
˭Ӯˣսɽæʵеš 
ܲأȫԶ½˾֪ˣɷټ֪ͨеĸһսˣЩռطʵҲ׼ͨϰնѾ֪˴ΣֻҶûпԣжѡϾѾǧʱû½սսˡ 
ǵȵɱϮ¼еõϢ˶ˣ˽س̶ȣ׷˷ӦԲǿΪ½һļҲʧܵĻǶͨӣиŸߵĴԵġ 
ˣϢˣĵľˡ 
˭ʤ˭ܣ 
һȻҲܹﻹе׵ģԲǿġ 
ӣһھƣɷصҲ̫ǾжϣҷӦռ˱˵ģΪҷλǰȫˣ˵ǿȻҲûʲôˣǵļʮȴǼˡ˵λǰƺԷǿߴʲôЭ飬˵ԺսԲǿ߲ò֮ģγľ£ȥ֪ͨһĴСɣиס 
 
úãӸʹ죬ȺӴԶܵǶ½̵ģʼ֪ǵĿģԴɹǵҰ֮ӾʹԴʡҴҸ˹ɻûϵͷɱϮ¼˵սĲҡ 
ԭΪèڽ߻պϣҪ˼սǲˣֻΪЩҡźʲôġƺл 
ţããֲμӣԺ˵Ҳ׼ӣӵսɽҲ¶˺ŵһ棬˵ 
ԣ缸һɣһȥɷӣҲΪǽеЩɢñҲ֪ҲһǴġ³Ҳӿڵ 
ţ 
ã 
һ``` 
ԭˣԲǿ߲սȷҪǾͶҲܹͨܵ˵ģߣֻҪûԲҪɱ룬Ҳ뵽һ˰ɡǣƺҲʧأҽ``````һҲ˫˼Ҳ뵽һЩԺսչơԺ󣬾Ϳ˭ؾ߶ˡȻϵĶм½ôҪȫסؾҲǲеģţܸӣǺܸӡ 
ȷǸ֮ҪɵĴصôսˣ 
ƳԵӨһӨҲӦ˸ղŵĶԻǲã 
Ө̧ͷĵһЩ죬ʲôţƽشô֪ãôأѰֵܡа𣿡 
ӨǲԸἰɽĿģһҲûʣΪоӨԼȷûʲô 
˽ɱϮ󽭺еĴŶ̬ƺûô㣬ѰŶǣмƻ̸ûáһҲ˵ 
ˣֻҪѰãû㵽ڽһɵأôʵһǽһĴɵӰɣ 
У㵽ʲôأԼôǱҿɲǻɽҰĹطӨͬʱĵ˫۰һһۣһûа 
ЩӨҲǵһʵˣһһʼеļ£ҲϰˣɲԼǱ˴ɽУһʱãȻˡһȻǿӣҲûҪԼŪ˾֪ɡǿɲû쵽һЩ˽¶໥ĵزϾʶ찡 
ںźɣһԼҲôش 
һɫת⣺ҽҪӿнٶˣϢϸҹ·ȡҵǣҲܷģܲˣʲôʱ߾ֱ߰ɡ 
ðߣƫߣһǸˣȵʱ䵽ҲŻ뿪˦ң뿪˵ʲôʱֳءӨʼߣ˵֪뵽ʲôЦ绨 
ֻǿϧȴһɴ˿ûܹܵһ羰 
һҲûд㣬׵ؾܹ˦鷳ƽص˷ǾҼõ꣬úϢһ£ϸ· 
ðɣ 
ôЩദӨҲһЩһΪˣ֪Ե޹ʵԼһ͵͵ߣȻĿһҲٻعͷȥ 
˾һһس극뿪˺¥ͽһõ꣬䷿סȴںø· 



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ʱֻʱңϦߵƲȾһƬͮ죬յĹƶЩ΢죬ȻһһƬ־ 
ףⲻǺ¥𣿡һע⵽Էʱľ¥¥ôһȺ˼һ𣬿ǵĴƺЩǽʿЩȻŻȴǽеߣһʲô 
һ˼Ȼǣڵһж˼ڣҪ۲ÿһ㣬ҪעģΪ¥һסõȽϽһĿģԶʼ۲һУ֮úŹ۲쵽ڵ龰 
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ŶˣǵĳͰɣһ磬¥˵ĻɿⷬҲ˺ģ絽ôʱ仹ûߣţ˵Щʲô漴 
ʦܰҪ¸֪СܣСǸмɾôҪСȻüأΪһ֮˴£СʵڲԽȨʦּ£ڳһ˵ɫۣԼʮͷˣԴǸضһ˵ĺ˵ 
ĺȻεķͬСɰǲĻ;ԻΪ½ĹУ½еɽ``````ʦȻ˱ʮʡڵˣ½үʦʦֵǶĹĻһġ֪½үһоҲ㵱ѡ񣬵ʦˣ½үĵĻʲôǹܲˣʦȴǲ£ҪҲðܻȥµʦ˵ 
ʮʡڵˣⲻǺڵ֮֯һ벻ǰǺڵˣǵĶԻǿеʦƺǱʮʡڵ˵ĸ߲һջɢȫǵ˼Уе˺¥㡣 
ʦվׯĺȻһüЩ죬ûпڡ 
ţߣССһ֮ȻڣȻͷֻһؾҲûҪһڰɣׯĺȻأ½үƺ򵥡 
ղŻе仯ȻȻشһ΢ԪȻⲨСòСˣͬ߶ܸоõһʲô磿ӵгԽؾߵ˼Ĺ̥ȻܹԪֻ൱һؾ۷ߡأؾµߣҪôԷϢһ˿й©ȻӲһĹ۲졣 
ƺûߵ仯ׯĺȻ΢ɫ֪ԼʦֵģͬʱҲΪӡ½ǧ絣ǡ 
ʦ֣˵˵½үĲ֧ε飬ɻôԸǣׯĺȻСĵʵ 
ûʦֿ 
ߣ֪ׯʦ汿Ǽװأʦ׵һɫɴ£ɫŮӺܲػصǸʲô½үĸôҲ͵ͷˡ 
⻰ׯĺȻ˶Ȼɫǻ߸ɫԭƵ˫ۻȻ⣬ݺݵصŮӡ 
Щ˵ķӦɼǶԼжˡ 
ŮȻ壬һ˫ڰ׷һۣԻߵĵӸǻ벻⡣ 
ʦã 
ʦֵһ䣬Ȼ˫Ŀɨߡ 
ׯĺȻׯʦܣգʦʮǰյĹŵӣʾѣ˼ҵϲͻᣬⲻʢ㲻Ҫ⡱ 
ʦֻׯĺȻһ˵ţɫ䲢δй֮⣬Ҳ˿ûׯĺȻ˵ķӦߡ 
ڽӴʦֵĿʱȻһ飬ɫȻתΪأ漴ָֻȻ 
ߣССһһؾҲǰţҪΪׯʦܣȸɵжھ׹ǡʦ 
ĵ׾ͿЩԷΪʵۣοǵ߹ˡǽеĸǴ඼ⲻֵõЩ˳ģͨˣȻԸǣߣ֪ 
ţһһؾƺǻͷ٣ҲĹսߣԶˣһŵ 
ׯĺȻƺЩΣǷǳ˽ԼʦֵƢģԼʦʦǶǳʦ𾴵˼㣬ڱˣɴԴɫرЩµ΢ˣһ˳ۣ˵ɱɱˡ 
ձ˱ȭׯĺȻϲصԭСʦðֲӢˣʦ˼Ǻ۹⡣ϧʦֲ֪СʦͻȻҲû׼ЩʲôСʦü¡ 
νֲЦˣοׯĺȻԼʵϵʦ֣ȻĵЩҲ̫ˣҲȭׯʦֿˣҸղ˵ĿɲΣϣׯʦֱʦΪѣҲΪѣ 
Ŷѵү£ǾҪԸ½үׯĺȻɫصʵ 
һۣȻ໥˵ͷ 
ʵ˵˰ɣ½ǧ֮ڲӦ֣ôһӼʮˣֱϵ¶ˡնص 
̲סںȵ 
ͬʱһѹıʮʡڵˣͬʱӰҲɿաһֻɵƴӰգۼ㵽ǰ 
յ˴ʱʹصֵͻȻѹʱ䷴ߵĽ 
սһֵľ磬Ȼע⵽˻ߵϮҪȫķȫܵġֻǿģһѾǰĻɵӰ 
Ҳײ϶ԷԼֱۿ϶סˣܲСǸδ֪ջһҧԭڱЩŤǿʹ࣬ݺݵӭȥ 
ڵ˹Ȼ䲻һĺݾǰ˵£ͲŶʮͷŮӣ۷ӦǹӺݾӨѾͷܹϵģʱӨŵλϣͻ£룬ӨҲøáҪ֪Өǻͬ߰һ⵽ﲻԾЩǸգȻؾ˼һ 
ǰеĻͻȻ͸оһָϸѹݿسԼѹͷϣ߸оԼͷǱﲻͻһ£ڵԪҲȻͣƬ̣ȻֻǺ̵ܶһ˲䣬ûͬǿߴڣƾҲץס˲伴ŵĿյǷӦܿҪӵһѡ 
⣬һҪġ 



ʮ 󾯸

       ۿһнҪҲฺ ȴһˣǾ 
׵ģ˴ֻ֮һײȴ׵ľ롣Ȼ鷢̫죬ҲеϲǺܿͷӦʹȫһӭߡͬʱҲɢѹ˵ֵס˻ߵѹ 
Ȼ׼ִ˵㣬ƾĹҲԵСԲ˵ģΪѾһײ˻ߣҲʱԪתΪոյͣͻûȫָһƵͱԭ̫ࡣ 
飡 
 
飡 
һ췢ѪɶأľķɢذҲҳֱĴߵұȻ´ţղŵĶѾֱȫײˡؿϸӡһӡӡеĲѾȫ 
ǺǣͷǵùײϣΪԪͻȻͣͣȻҪԴȻ׼㣬ԭĹͱ߰ײֱҲ֮СΪյֵѹʹҲܷȫȻʱѾɻȥѾͷ湻ݣվһƣӡͷǰţһֵȫһƣûʲôʱҲôܵİѪҲֲáղһĻ˻㲻ô£ΪıһǰѾһ 
ס֣ׯĺȻ 
ղһĻʵǷ̫죬߳ڶֵɶأҲһ֮䣬ׯĻȻڴʱӦҲǲˡ 
ѪֵߣׯĺȻɫص³ﻹ˭ֵģ~ 
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־һơ 
߲֪һʱû뵽ׯĺȻһƣȻûж㿪ͷת˾ʮȵ䣬иǷɳźѪݣһжء 
ԹһׯĺȻԭĻҰ׳ɢĺ׼ӿеѪؿڵӡͶѵ֣˾һֻ˶ɵһ㡣ȻûпڣҲûܣվɫ޳ 
ס÷ɫҰ׵գֹǰĳ嶯 
ȻҲָղŻһƵĻͷβڲЩʱɫƽؿׯĺȻׯʦܣūźôƢֶΰ֣ƺҪʦأ֪⵱ʦֵĸôأ 
һ٣㴦òˣǾΪִͰɡ 
Ҫ㣡ׯĻȻһͻҪ³ˣ³үɸҵıڣһ治ô˵ߣѰˡ 
ׯĺȻ̫˽ԸˣʱǷŭı֣ȻƽȴҪɱˡ 
ׯĺȻʲôҲ˵ɫתˣȻһߵͷȴǿתɲǣ촽˶ 
ɫһ䣬˲ǽڣ䡯һľƬĽӰƱڶׯĺȻҲ׷˳ȥȻǺȻһӰͻ˾¥ľڣѸٷԶׯĺȻȴǸոմܳ䣬׷֮ˡ 
ĻϷݵò֪óһЦ 
ʱ¥УöʳͶֱֵЩվڶ¥Ǹֱ׵Ŀն¥ׯĺȻص󣬴˼³ȥܿ죬¥Ͱ 
ʦ֣ʦܣ³ǹūߣƾһȴ׷֮ˣģһү׷ġׯĺȻǸض˵ 
ֱȭգᶨصСʦܾˣԺ̸ʦ㱣֤һһץʦá 
մʱѾָ侲ɫȻվԣׯĺȻĻҲûʲôӦ˫΢񣬲֪Щʲô 
ԲĿׯĺȻղŻӴܣȻҲûʲôжʱȴ֣һ˶ԵЩ졣 
ׯĺȻЩȻ 
ʦ֡ 
̾˿˵ĺȻǲöȥˣڵѾǵ㣬ʦҲ˾ 
ʦ``````ׯĺȻ˵Щʲô 
˰ֹ֣˵ΪͬʦֵܣһҪ㣬½ǧ֮ĲӦε£ʹȫܰɡҪκνǷ˺ˣ֪ʱʲôȥʦ˼̸µ𣿡 
Цһ£һֵֻԲǿߣԲľǿ˰ҵʦ̸顣ʦº˵ǵľȰڣ⡣˭ڼڶĻǾ֮飡 
ĸĸܹԲǿߵΧˣο˵ǻһЩѣ 
Ȱڣ⣡ţ취ãִеĹУȴǲ֪ҪѪȻдֶΣϣʶЩɣһĬĬ 
ѵɾ˰ԵׯĺȻߵصȴǻ̿ 
Բ½ǧµʮһЩƸĽ֣Լĸ֣ǻ־ˡ 
ԵǰԵ˵㣬ѵȭͷĳϴ𣿸˵λռˡ塯֡ѵϣڱͳεĵ𣿡 
ϣɣֻҪǶ½ˣû˻ϣ˵Щ⡣ 
ȷˣ˭ԸԼĹūۣû˭뵱飬ʧķ衣 
ˣӵٿʼܶ˶ҲȻӦˡȻҲи˽ĵģ뱣ȫԼʵñȥƴɱԺȴȷԼڶ½ĵλ 
ò˵֯ǾӶġһ 
ŵΣ붼Ҫȥ㵱˶𣬾½ǧһ˴ҪĹƽλǰ˵ˣ˵Ļǲһһܵ֯ǽеֻǸռطʵۣ˭Ҳμӣһɵͬﴦãͳͳɱ⣡ʡõʱԺ 
˵ͳͳɱ⡯ʱׯĺȻԽĴ˸ӣǱүǲԸμӣΪǻκ۴̰ɡ 
ǺǣΪǻܴ˵ˣѾ֪ͨκۣɱ½ǧʶˣ˵ͬٱ롣ҪԼӼһЩ˾һս㿴κǳçôԸ죬һЩеĸҲȥͶʲôԭ㻹𣿲˵ôǾѪԺӣԸս׵ģκ۾ӦǣֵıǸҸ˵ڴս½һϯ֮ء 
Ŷκۣƶۺܸ߰Ǹˡκ˵ڴս󻹻ŵĻȷкܴǱƣƾԭе϶ѳ¡ΪͳЩְõǵĺøУһоͺðˡȻƽʱ£ǵĺ󱲹ܰõǵĺøҲڼӵõ˸ɵĺøУԺЩֺٻ鷳ˣ˵ʲôʱ򻹻һκ뵽ЩǸһҲ 
 



ʮ ԭˡϢ

       ׯĺȻζĻͷ ׯĺȻı飬ٴθ̾ĺȻ½ǧˣһжͬʦöһ߹ 
ʦ֣``````ׯĺȻæڵ 
ҡҡ֣ԹԵ˵㲻ҽˣѾûʦţУҲǿпޡ켣ʮ꣬ѵһ㶼ʦܣһνʦܣ½ǧãǾȰ֮ڣ׼һУٱɽϲʱ˻ӦǡģʹļܵԽԶԽáԾڴˣߣ 
˵ʲôջûпڣһ߰Űȥ 
ȻˣôׯĺȻ֪ͨǻܵأǸǶȫׯĺȻѽһЩ벻ͨ 
ʦ``````~߰߳䣬ׯĺȻֹ̾˿û˵ȥ 
յ߳¥ŶȥׯĹȻҲȥǴҴҵߣųȥһٹׯĺȻǹע 
ʦ֣￴ׯʦ```ׯĺȻ֪ͨͷܵأձ߲߱ʵ 
ԣ￴أһҲ֪ 
СʦãҲûʲôʱ֪ͨǻܵģص 
ʦ``````տɫЩɲҪ֪ʦǽǰׯĺȻѺȥѽȴ֮бʦȻҪˡ 
ǺǣСʦʲôأҲʦյأЦſߵյ 
һЩʲôҲģʦָ̣վһᣬᶨĵ 
ΪʵǲΥʦʦĸѾһʦͽ֮飬ǶԼסүүǰšڵһЩʦֵҲǰмӣԵ޹ʵ¶ԷվǶԷʲôԲɣԲͬʦֵ֮¡ף޵ľͬУоǡѱ˵ñԼͬʦֵܵҪһ֪ͻϼӳͬᣬӱصˣʱط 
һ˿ЩƫˣΪԸ񣬵ڵʦֵǶĵ𾴣ȻֻǶʦ֣ڵȴس˴ʦ֡֡ 
Сʦ˽ҡƺǳˣյĳǶԼŮһ㡰Ȼûʲôʱ֪ͨǻߣȴ϶Ȼ֪ͨˡ 
նǶûκβ죬̧ͷڰ׷һ˫˸Ų⣬ȴĽ͡ڵ⸱СŮ̬ﻹں¥ʱ 
ÿ˶һ氡ֻǶ˭ֶѡ֪ŶôˡһӣʹԾ뵽Ŷ뵽Լģ 
ٵյθڣֱ˵ΪׯĺȻʵҲӦôﵽһؾȴǱֳǰ׷֮ģ˵⻹Ҷ˵ʲô𣿡 
ʲôҲһؾţʦо˵ôôõģҲʮ˰ɣҲ֣쾳Ҫʦǰװɵѵ֪֮ڶֵزסԼʵϷʵ̫ɶˣߵصȴǸоԷʵûľȣΪû쾳 
ǷǳȣһǷˡ 
ǸׯĺȻȻҲ쾳ȴǸоȻʱׯĺȻʱоһ㲻ԾߣҲסҰһôҲ벻ô 
ߵģһЦڵǵ˵ϹΪҿʵȴǿˣϰʦзֵġϢ 
Ϣʲôô֪أʵ 
ϢһϢĹ˵ֱ˾ǿľߵͣʦⱾʱǼʦֵܹˣһоŹǶһȱȫع˶ûٻ˼棬벻ׯĺȻȴǰ˻ʵȷǼʦֵ֮õһˡҡͷпص 
ʦ֣㲻˵ⱾǲȱׯĺȻôˣջǲʵ 
Ҳ˵ʺðѾⱾĽ˲٣Ȼûдɡ룬ѹĽһȱˣͨ𣿡Ǹ̾ص 
Ҳ㶳񣬲֪Щʲô˺һʵⱾɺʲô龰أʦ㻹ܷ𣿡 
Ǻǣɺҷ֣ⱾкãݹĽܣɣôһ󾳽˾;Էֲĵϸڸ󾳽磬ǾͲܱ֤ˡЦǺǵص 
``````ǷԼһɵ⣬۵ѵõķ˺⡣⣬ĴЦһȺ˺ܿ߳˶ 
ԭˣоȻ㹦õĹ֮治аԺøСˣȻ˻֪ô¡ 
ţҲû˵ŹȻʹˡҲ˵ҲǼٲֻ֣Ҫע㣬رԱʮʡڵ˵ĸ֣Ӧûʲô⡣ 
ȻڲԷׯĺȻľ磬ػǾ쵽ЩԾԺҸоرҪ⣡ãһ㶼ֲˣмѭġһڽ⿪ԼʣҲ֢ڣɵ˿ 
ջ˼Уһ۾̤´̣ߵǰʱֻʱߵңɫǰȻܳ㣬˿ͨ˵ӾϵȺ绹һ㡣 
Żգһüţȵɫȫڣ뻹ҪʱˣھͳƾӨٶȣͨҲһ壬ֻҪ߹ٵˡ 
˼΢ţѸȷӨλãӨھͳ 
ŶõġڴӨĻɲڲڵģСһ 
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ҹ޷£ķǻǸشЩ 
ӰӹҹգһǰһŴ½ȥ˵ǷɣȴҲȫڿշ裬ÿӰʮ׸ߵĿл׺󣬶΢أȻٴǰС 
䲻ɣҲ޼ˡ 
һܵܣòãеۡӨںЩص 
һͣΣͷӨЩɻ󣺡Ÿ˼·ˣǰ㻹İɣ 
Щͬǣѽܣ˼ҾӨЩµؽ 
鷳һ˵ǰסӨ֣ٴ򱱷 
ߣʦ˵ŮӵֲģС㣬һԸأСӻ鲻Ըأ治ǸöӨ޺޵ţƯصۺݺݵذһһղ档 
ҹȻ޷磬ɷ۵糸ٶȣǰ˵ǣ衣 
Өһ߷һͷҰļһ˫רעؿǰҹǹ˸˫ӨЩ㶳 
СӻÿأޣҪѾͷ˼Ҳʮ꣬һСأޣʮʲô°Ө뵽е죬ջһ۹⣬ͨͨ 



ʮ 

       Ө˼֮ʣͻȻǰеһ٣˾ƮȻء ӨͷؿһΪʲôͣ¡ɻûڣһѾٴڿգȴƫһЩȥ 
ǧңһɽ⡣ 
һӨƮһù֦ϡ 
ں˵ˣԼԶվһŮ 
Ȼǡһ 
˭һӨæʵ 
һһŮǱʮʡڵˣǸˣҲʶעŹˣһ 
Ŷ𣿿ڵĴ̫أǲȥæӨΪһѡ˵ţһͬʱǰ㣬Ҫܳȥæ 
һæһסҪҶȥҲ״Ǹؾĸ֡ 
ѲǺΣգӨЩţ֪˴ںŷֲףС죬˫Ǹһ 
ʲôˣ 
Өѿڶͬʱ˵ͳͬʱתͷ˲Ĺɲ˼̽һˣڲ֪Էϸ¾˼ţһЩû˲Żɵġ 
ȻѾ֣һҲмƾԷؾľ磬ڽϻǶ֣һȴû˿ɵԵӨתۼ˴˰ٶ׵ľ룬ͣ˲治Զγһ߳ʮҵΡ 
ƮŮ˰˿ʵλҹ˻ĽҰ⣬͵͵ѵҲǱʮʡڵˣ 
ղŻΪһ˲⣬Լȴֶܷе㾪ɣһһԻû׳ףӨȻҲɴ棬ƾ˾׾ͷֶԷɱɢŮеഺϢ䣬жɾͣ 
Ȼû˼ɵþӸλȻȻشЩӸ¡ 
ڻʻͬʱһҲĬĬع۲ųˡһһŮǺ¥еաȴûں¥ʱĴգȻҹһǿðЩ΢亹ɫе԰ס 
յıȻǴһ˿Ѫɫʹ࣬Щˡ˵̬仯һȻҲȻء 
˾Ӹµһ;÷УһЦ̲ػشǱʮʡڵ˵ˣȴ֪Ϊ½϶²ͷ¶βҹסǣҳɱˡѵˣֻ˵߹ 
һĲ²Ϊνûв©ǽ½˴ĶӦǴиЩƻɱһЩԱҲʵ 
һԣȻȴһ漴ӦоһзعЦСӣȻ֪ˣǾһɣ 
䣬һɰѹһ¾סһˣͬʱӰȻ֮һΪŲҰצӰšݡХֱץˡ 
Сģ˳ֵɲǣеͬʱħ󷨡תһѹǿסԼԵաҧأͷ¶źȭͷ˲ͻϣһǰӭ˵צӰ 
ס˵ѹҲǱݽҧһؽӲһǲҰ׵צӰ 
һޱҡͷƹ켣ͬʱתһɱ֮˸ǿһ˿ѹѸٽ١ͬʱʳжָָɽһϢԴɫ 
ͬǣǰһѹֶһƬһƬģһסԷٸԾϵѹȡѹƵͼߵķӣڲģֱӾܴ 
εѹʱȻҲ״ʽǿҪͷʱȴѸϷ۳İԴݿ֮ƣƲͷѹֶ԰ 
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˷һĲҺ 
䣡 
һץյצӰɢɢľΧĵ˷ѡҲءŵŵš˼ 
˹һ˵ı壬Աʱٶȵˣֱ˵һʮԶĵط 
ŻƵѪԼ΢壬նһۣڱ˴пһ˿뾪ϲ 
һϲԼ֮֡ 
Ʋվڵأ˫Ҳһ󾪺˲ͻָƽҲٷ·ϵѪǿڱһ㡣 
ؾС;ȻﵽؾϷˡ˳ 
ȷˣ֪һͬߣѹȥԸһһһΪģֱԸˡҳ顣 
Ҫ֪ͬ߶սѹֶԷһ㶼ҪԵ 
ѹһֻǸ߼ڵͼϣڶԷƲѹֵǰ£ѹסԷķӣռˣһؾߣҪԸһؾߣʹѹһУռʤ档 
һؾȫֵܲסǻǷǳһؾ㣬ģָؾ߻﷭ 
˵һڿŸؾߵ˼Ȼʱ˻صһؾ۷壬ѹҲֻؾ۷塣ѹĲٿ˵ؾ޵ˡ 
Ԫѹ˼ٿѹȻ˼ڲٿѹҲһͬ˼޼࣬Ҳβʲô޴ƣһȡƣǿһҲûʲô취ˡ 
һӵ˾ǿƵ˼Ҳӵ˾ǿƵѹٿȻһ˭ѹγɽ״һһİѣܹγһ״ѾǺ˲ˡЩߵ֪һֻᾪ°͡ 
оߵ֣֮ԵѹҲǿ֮𣬵Ҳѹǿ֮ѣڸѹĲٿǲġʮʹʮصıаٽʹǰٽصıԴƣ˴дСٿȴǲ̫ġ 
Ȼ漰һȣߵˣΪʱϳҵһЩţ֮ڵ;ģ߸Ĳٿѹ 
˵ĶžԵʱһؾǿȵѹӲǱ̳һ죬ӳ졣һ˱ȶžǿĲٿϬѹǿȣؾѹ֣а취֮ 
ڱһһ˿ѹһҪǻѡ 
 



ʮ ɱ

       ˵ոееȻ ǻΪһλǰղϵľ硣һȫȻô£һȻֻؾߡ 
ǿɲûĽ²һ߾ǼһܡףҪϵľ磬ǿɲؾܹﵽˡ 
һͿȥʵ̫ˣ˼벻ĸ˳ɫĵӡ 
Σһһ 
ţüͷһչ˲Ȼֻˣ벻Ȼû``` 
ʦ֣Ļ 
ҲǰһӾͷӦ죬ȻһЦ 
ûȥ˸ʲôСһ˵⣿㲻ΣȻǶ½ĹУҽյϢԱһ֮ 
Ȼջһۣڱ˴зһ˿ϲ⡣ 
һ˵ԵӨֵñһһܵܣ⻵һг𣿽ѵ 
˵꣬гֽҪǰȫȻ˸ղһԷؾʱľš 
һеͷۣһѰӨ󣬱˵ңԼˣ 
˵Ҳ֣ӨȻûзֻᡮŶһվһûٶ 
СӿڳԣϷҪߣ˭סңм 
Ȼݵصˣߣ 
԰գҪת뿪 
նɫضˣҧá죬ȴûг嶯ǰ˶ͷԷȵ֪֮ԼǰһһֵûС 
һȻ˵Ҫ¶Էôˡ 
˽Ҫ֮ʱһѹ۶ɵӭͷնǷƱɫƣŵ˵ͣסΣתһɲҰ׵ȫͬʱѹѸγһʵİԲ֣Լȫ˽ȥڵסһѹ 
Сӣ𣿡е 
˵ûͬѹײĵزȷˡ 
һһأÿһײǾĶԺ䡣ν˵һǧ˰٣һӮˣҲԶˡ 
Ҳ˼ǿǾۼͷ˼еģҲܲôĲλһ˼ܴأҲɰ׳ˡ 
һûɱ֮𣬶û֮ޣ뵽һ˲˺һ־ѹԺ䡣Ż˷С 
ǿҵѹûֱӨˣҲͬʱɫ 
Өһ˵뽹붼תѸټһѹһǰظŽѹߡ 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죻 
ȵһӨѹԼʱѾֹʱֺޣֵġǷǳףͼ߼ѹȫԺĺ 
ѹֶžžֻǸ˸;ش 
Өѹ۳һţҪ໥ײϣӨ˼شԼƣûиһؾͱָ˵ԺҲкصӰ졣 
򡪡˼С 
ﵣ֮һҲֻиıԭļƻȫӿ콣ѹٶȣӨѹ֮ǰɢ˲ͷѹ֡ 
䣡~ 
һľһһƺٴθ˵УԼƴԲǿߵѹײʱڶ׺䶥ʹࡣ 
һоԼԴɲǼķѣûκ֪ 
ȻоҲֻǸоѣԴûķѡ 
һһѪѸڵأ۾ûκζ 
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ʱ䵹ѹѹײһ˲ 
һ֮Σȴܹоõ޽ݺݵ˰ȫİԲϡ 
һޡ䡯ڳеԺ 
Բҵضһ£žһ΢ġžԾ޽ԲֵĽӴΪʼһϸСѷ֩һΧӡľ޽Ҳ΢ķһ£ڷ˲䣬ԸовһϸСȱڡţ޽ԸٴԲ֡ 
Ϊٶʵ̫죬гһ⣬û֪һʵ 
ɲǼ䣬ߵձ˵ǧ֮⡣ͣº˵ɫһ԰סǵһ˿Ѫˡ 
߻һ뷢ŭţһ¸޷Զԡ졣ֻԭ󣬻ϸС۾ɵۣо˸յҹеơʱҪͨӣܿһһ 
Өһľޡ䡯ɫҲǶʱסһѹѹûȴԸٶȷ䣬ҪԲ֡ 
ڱ˴Ҫײɲǡ 
ꡯһ 
˵İԲȫѣεƬɢɽⷽԲ׵Ŀռ䡣ȻСٵľ޽ݺݵûκڵĻͷ 
纣ɰٴ㣬ľ޽ͳͳͷû 
˲䣬ǵһ㣬ͣزͬʱ㵸ƺҪץסЩʲô 
һӺֹͣ˻ء˫еľҲʧµֻѪͬʱ˵˫ҲһСָϸѪٿĲѾȫʪ͸ڱҲ⡣ 
Ѫ 
ӨѹڰԲѵɲײȥ 
ԲȻѣƬȴûʧ 
ʵʵڵһؾȫ۵ѹƬСڵλϵȴҲһؾܹġ 
ˡ 
ˡ 
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һӨԺÿһƬӨѹڣӨһѪת֮䣬ɴͱѪʪ͸̶͸ǰ 
ѹеСۣʱḲһڲѾըţ仯ֲ״ 
ʱӨ۱Ҳ˼Ѫ˿еѪǲҪðǲֹǼûе£һıӰĵ͸¶һ˿һִš 
ڣѹƬ᧿ΣžȻûɢһԵ˵ԴСڵϵȴûһ㷴ӦΪѾ͸ 
ҲʱӨƺԼҪһĻҲֲ֧סվƣ쵹ءƤҲס˻͸¶ϣ˫Ľëƺմ˼΢Сˮ飬Ө͸ 
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Сƿϲֲֻֿܾдûڵ˼ǰСðеСգ໹ǵϣʵûˡ˶ϸ˼졣 
ʵΣֻҪһڿС飬ֻҪг֮һ˶СղأҾͻдⱾ顣ϣܹС߹һʱ⡣ 
ͬʱСǿλͬʱСָеĲ֮ԱҸĽСдͬʱܹλһݸõƷ 
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       ֱЩĽѹƬʧٴڡ ˿˵״Լһ·ʱԲڣЩѪʬҰСԽشһ¡ 
Сݰʦ˵öԣѹսȻΪյģղԽظЩµС˵ 
ǰ֮ѹսǺٻᷢģǸһ󾳽ҲԷֱչѹԺ䣬ֻػصѹƣӮľαظԼҲܴ̾˿ص⻹ãǴԲǿߵĻһƬɽȾֱӻˣʲô¡ 
ţʲô£ʦ֣ѹϾֻѹѽѵûоҲܺɷ飿΢ţʵ 
ٴ̾˿΢΢ͷǵģΪ㻹ûн죬ʦҲûи㡣 
Өصķȥ߱˵һ죬ʩչѹѹûн˵ǲɿֶΣ߶еܡѹãҶдԵ嶼ѹơƻáΪκдԵĶ侫ڣֻǿһѡ 
˶ 
ߵľԭǿټܹѹΪãȻѹһµ˼ά壬ǶҪЩƻȴǲò۹һơЩҲ˽⡣ 
ಽظص˵ͷ 
ߵӨǰ̽̽ıϢȻ΢ŵ˿ 
תͷյǴԲǿȴͬʦ˵Բǿ˵ʵͻƵԲôľͻ۳ʵʣ˼Ҳһš塯˵ġᾧ 
塯ᾧţһ˫г㯣Ǹʲô 
ԣǡ塯һ죬ܸоԼ˼Ӷﵽ˼ţ˼ʵʿĴţһﲻģֻƾĸоȥܿûߵ 
߾ƾ˼˼ţ֮١ȻҲ˵û˼ǻоѣȻоûУ̸ʲôã 
Ϊ΢΢ͷøΪϸһߣٽһҪͻƵÿһ쾳ˣȻߺľĹע 
յרע飬Ҳ΢Цŵͷ 
ϲСѾͷѧβ롣ǳףҪѧϴﵽߵĳɾͣƾȫģҪĿ̿ڷܡ󻹵һ˿޼ѭĻϣпһǿߡ 
գλǾܴȻƾǻûҲڳʪɽϡָӨ 
Ŷõģʦ˵ǰӨϰԼĻó˿һ߰ȥ۽ǵѪ˿ˮ飬һȥѾ͸Ѫˮɴ 
ǺǣãҾͼ˵ЦǺǵ˵ͻƵԲľ磬ô˼е糱ˮᱻѹһʵ壬ǡǡ塯ˡԭε˼ҲʵʸСӦ֪ԪѹѹȻ棬Ͼ֮ȴ˼ơ 
ͣƬ 
ϣĿ⣬Ҹ㣬ѹεģûֻǶ˵ôԲǿߵ˼ƵĻѹεģʵʵġԭ򡪡ԲߵĲ֮ͬף 
 
ζƬ֮ͻȻһУӨѪҲһͣȻඥȻ򣺡ʦ֣˵ѹ۳һܶȣҲʵʣߵ˼ûǿԲǿȴǴﵽˡ˵Ķ𣿡 
ôͷӦһ󳩿شЦ 
ĳ佲СʦùȻϻ۹ˣһͨʦҪǿˡʦ֪ʱ˵ÿɱϸˣʦ־벻ͨеĹؼñʦһٳ 
 
뵽˵ʱģշһЦ 
СѾͷ```εҡҡͷ 
ӨɴѾժ£ѪҲղøɾ 
Ĺڱ¶ڿ֮У֬ļһ˫˵ĵǶϣֱͦµı棬׺һʧѪ÷ۺС죬΢ĺС컹ʱʱźϣ֪ʲôĲ¡ 
˶ŻеŮշһҪ֪ҲһѵأӨȴòȻʧɫ 
ԹŶޣ̾һ䣬ϵɫҲįҺûʲôΣգȻ``` 
ҡҡͷû˵ȥ 
ʦ֣˵ڵصһ 
û죬оҲλ¹Ҳһؾߣȴǳ족 
һһȻ󻺻˵ƾľ磬һ硣ʱȴһ޷˵صѹһһͬײѹ֣ƾôʹﵽ˾磬Ϊʦûе𣿵ˣգ˵ʲôԭ򣿡 
˵λ¹ҲһؾߡʱӨֲԽĽ˽Щڡ 
оŵһʣڶʮͷȴûﵽ죬ӨôǱԼȻһЩڡˣϲ˵˭ûһЩء 
뵽һԸСͣﵽǲ˼ľ磬ҲȻˡ 
԰ǼһߵĶˣ˵һֵͬҲﵽ쾳أ֣֣һҲֻ֣ҪԼľǣһҲܴﵽǵĵزһ̡ 
˾ģƺеһ˲٣촽ǿǽأղûСһܵܡ𣿡 
˶٣˵ȻҲ˵׼ǱĹϵʦ֣ô϶أ 
תͷ˿ 
Ǻǣ˶ѣҵİˣͻ׵ġƷƬǰĸпЦŻش 
Ȼתڵصһ֪ʲôʱѹӦòܾðɣⱣǵˣ˭ǵأ 
ռӨѪ 
ţʦ˵һбֳĿؾߵأʦ˵಻ؾľ磬һܶص˵ġձ߲߽ӿڵдЩ΢Ľݡ 
ϣ˰ɣȷ˵ 
ǷǳףȫѹԺ䣬˲ֻǱӨҲǾܴԲѡ 
Ȼһؾľ硣ؾߣҲ˷ֱѹԺ䡣 
Ϊÿ߶˼Ҳܲ˵Ĳλһ˼ˡеԭҲ벻̫ס 
ˣһⲻ˵ģܶصˣֻһ֪ˡǾԲ˽ģвų˲ȷ 
 



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       һѵĲѹײĿº ֪ҷǳסΪѾӶسеʹô˲֪صԷԺ䡣 
һԭֻԼǿ˼пĿѹǣסˣײôƣҲֻŶԷѡûлߣԼ֪Լ£һҲףͬ¶ԷأǶôѡ˼Ҵ򲻹㣬ܻ׷ɡ 
һűûеǿ˼п뷢ԼƣöԷûܡʱӨѾͷȴ֪ѹţڵ 
һʱԭƻУôӨ;һˡһҲ׼ɰ׳աһؾִ߲۵ѹȥײؾȫ׼ѹ֣ʲô׳Ҳ֪ 
ԣһﰵӨûӵĳѾͷȴǸжԺкȻԼӨʶһĻĻ 
ӨƽʱֵģڼԺʱŭ`````` 
һ˲ĸжһؼϷ˼ȫٵʹԭӿԵʵ޿նĽѹ߾ܣɲǼ۳һʵʵľ޽ݺݵǰԲѹ֡ 
Ȼøãʱ䲻ˣӨѹŸϵ֮ǰǰԲѹ֡ǣһнԳɿ̸ 
дʹԭһû뵽Ҳûȥ롣ʱΪ 
ȻĶΪȥǾͲƺȥ 
ɹʣ 
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տ˼һξڿռģİ˸Ȼɢ΢΢Ϲ⡣ 
ƽͬǣʱ˼г޾ķ籩ɢķ籩һδײ˼ڣɢɴܡɢСܻ˼Сһɴķ籩ٴκ˼ռ䣬Ȼһ·Сٴײ˼ڡ 
ѭϢ 
ÿһη籩˼ڵײһһͷʹ 
ùǣһǿ˼ʹԶֻǿͷʹѣڴŷ籩Щȥ籩ͷȴǶʱܹƽϢġ 
һʱʲôˣûԣֻܹ۲˼ռڷ籩Ķ 
һһεײһһε˺ѷΡһҲ۲쵽ˣÿһη籩ײ˼ʱײ˼ڶСȵĺˣӶ˷籩ĳȻԸСٶȻصԭ״ 
أһһεŷ籩 
ã˼ڵʱ˼ռڵĺˮѱɾʱܵǿĳӶü˲٣ҲԪ˼ҲֵܹסҪ˷ڵıԴҪָ֪Ҫˡ 
õǣ˼ûˮȻ籩ˮٳ˼ڣҪϲٱģããֵܼסһҵص 
ȻŹ۲ 
ף籩񿿽Ǿ尡ô£һ 
һ֣ÿз籩壬ûӴ壬ͻᱻɫ΢ڡ 
ԣڡ籩һӴϹ⣬û壬ͻȫʧ 
˼ںķɢǳ׵ʧ 
һ 
ܲܿĹâǿҵأҲЩƽϢ˼籩һͷת 
ͼԭֻɢ΢΢Ϲľ壬ͻȻ˲٣ɢĹâҲǿࡣأнӴɫâķ籩ȫʧӰ 
˷ķ籩Ȼʧ٣һֿ˻ 
ȻҿƣǹâǿЩǿЩ```һֵҲˣϵشߴپɢǿҵɫâ 
ɫҲһĴߴ£߲ϼǿž岻ϵ𡣵ԭֻɢ΢ľ壬ֱӱһֱ֪ɫ̫Ϲ⼸˼ռ䡣Ƿ籩ҲӰ١ 
Ϲ⾹ȻôǾһֱźˣʡõʱܵ籩ʹһЦͬʱҲΪ˷ݹ 
```Ծô£һ֮ʱһͻȻоһѣоǺþöûйˣղʹ࣬Լζβȥڷ籩ƽϢˣȴѣˡɲǺ 
һǿ۾ϸϸо˼ڵ龰κ 
һһ󾪽СȻ󣬻ŲջϹ⡣ 
һʵʿһ˿ִһѸٵջǿҵϹ⣬ɢʱҪٶˣһֻſĴ㣬һ˲ջԼȫצӡ 
ָֻԭɢ΢΢Ϲ⣬˼ռҲָƽڰ 
һȴ 
ȻǾСˣȻϿҾǸоСˡ 
ԭղŵĸоģʧʲôǰϹ⣬ɾɢģЦһҪĽɢһֱš 
¹Ȼûа׵õĺöϣʧҪ̫ˡġޣһûǰĵ⣬µֻǾɥ뻼ûʧ 
룬˼˳˼ռ䡣Χɢ 
ھӨ˵ʱͣһ¡ 
ƯŮⲻӨûӵĳѾͷһƯôôأһμӨգһҲΪ֮̾ûΣգﲻɵһɡ 
мΧ졣 
һ 
 
 
ǧ 
ǧ 
Ȼˣԭһǧףοռ䰡ĳѾͷһúúýѵѵһź 
ȫҵģ޽ƵɢϹ⣬ͲС 
ҪһɢϹһܸоСĻǴҲϹˡ϶ǿͷʹҲðѷ籩Źȥ 
ΪɢϹ⣬ͲӰ쵽ıһԼ̰ðЩƽϢ籩Ϲɢһ̫һǿң˼ռ䡣 
ܺã籩ƽϢˡҲСˡ 
ʲôһĵߡ 
ɻ޶ʱأ˾ͻᷢһЩ¡Ǹο˼ռˣ֧Ҳ͸֧ˣûֱѣСһСȦѾǷǳ˵ˡ 
ҪǻɱĴԲǿܻأȻʧıܻЩ˵ǲɵġ 
һȻ˽ľϸڣĵ֪ġ 
ײʲôֻҪˣǾ͸֧͸֧ǿ϶Ҫ۵ġ 
ղŵĵΣʱĻ׼򡣵ӦѾ͡Ͽûкҩ 
ֻˣ֪Ҫòָܻԭľ硱һйֻʵ 
ȷʵֻˡµĴۡ 
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       ֵܣ𣿡һ˹ ĳƺһһ 
ô֪һﰵ 
漴Өڻ֮УҲͲٶ롣΢΢˵ͷӿ첽Өǰ 
ӨȻձڻѪѾɾǴƵĽմʱЩ԰ף촽ҲԵЩ˴ĿĵǡӨǰһ̲Ѫ 
һ̲Ѫһﲻءšһ£һĪѹķԭеЩŭɲǼɢ޺ۼ 
ֻǾܴڻԹȥˣûΣավǰһ˵Сǻᾪѵʲôˡ 
ǰֵܣ赣ģλﲢûΣաֻǾشҪܳһʱĵָܹںѹġߵһߣѹ˵ 
һһûʲôӦҧҧǾʲôش¼һֵܣ⾫ܴԼȷҪܳһʱ䡣ңҲܱ֤ٷְٵĸԭкܴʻɺ֢ӰԺȡ 
˵ͣƬ̣˫ĿעջӨ 
ţԴ߿ص֮治УһҩΪݡ 
˵ݡ֮ʱ̧ͷ촽Ҫ˵ЩʲôϵɫҲЩӡƲᣬּۣЩͣȻıϡеĻҲû˵ͷһӨ޵˿ 
ƺûзմʱı飬˵⡮ݡǼش֮ɡҵ֮˶ǳףޣ⡮ݡȴΪȻ޸ľĹЧ 
ͨԣݡͺñȽ쾳Ŀׯһꡮݡǡɾһߡ 
˵⡮ݡǾľҩߵľܴܶأֻҪ˼ûбʳݡ֮֮ڣȫָԭеľ磬пܻ 
ˣһҲһ󲨶Ҳֻһ󲨶ѣ˿̬֮ 
һǳףҩֶݡ˹Чȷ棬һͨһӲ쾳Լûоڽķչ϶д֮ĹЧǺֻܲǿϧȴûʲôáϴٶȣǱǡݡҪһЩҶβãҪݡкã 
ûᵽһĵ뷨ȥֻѵãݹֻش½Ҳطп飬ǧġԭ롮ϼԭһǾҶ½ĵһյءȡ 
һԭûôԣȴҲ˵ȤΪطˡȡһţ֪һ磬߶ôҽȥж½һյ֮ơȴû˵ 
ԭϼԭȣһͷʵ 
ԣطһĹעشԭ롮ϼԭڶ½֮ϣǴڽļ뼫֮ط籩ѩѩأ档ֻһЩͺ޲ԭΧڱԭڲûʲôԣΪȥ˴ûг 
һԺвյصĻ˫ĿЩ 
ȻЩֻǰһЩԲǿ֮ʱģôҲ̫طСݡΪǰλԲǿڡԭϣвĵҵõһꡣϼԭĻ֮࣬Ҳ 
طĽܣһ⣺ĵطǲǵԺ½սƽϢ󣬴Ŷȥһ⡣ҲüʶһЩ֮˾̾ѵۡĿǰҪĻκӨǱѾͷ 
֪һĿͣӨϣʹ飬һһϡ׼ơ 
һӣΪһΪˡݡѵöա 
һļ˵ֵܲż⡮ݡȻ쳣ѵá˵ǡʦȴôһ꣬һءڷǡȻΪֵȡԱֵܵľ֮ 
һԣһȻôں⡮ݡԣ⡮ݡҲȷ˲õ 
ﲻȻҾǵҪҲķʽҺ֪̹Ȼ֪ʵ飬ԸΪڵ£ȴҲһˡ֪ͼţҾһ 
һͷҲأȻشлֵĺ⣬룬ǲˡȻգС㣬лչڰҰɣ 
һĻشһȻȻ˾ܾĿǰҪ¡ȴ˳һӨתһĻ 
մϽӹӨһŮеƮһıУ˿˿嵭ƳζһĺϵرθһѡţӨĽһĻʱоһ鲻Խһ 
ĸоѾͷԭôţתɲôʵұˣ˵ʱҲ᲻˼ģһһ㱣˼֮ʣȻ˫ۣĦӨ˿þò 
һ飬ȻһĻƺһЩ¡˫ƽǰ뵽ֱᶨơԭлжԡݡһ˿ᣬʱѲɡ 
ֵܣλڵ״̬ǳҪݡȻԼԺǳʹﵽ쾳ĳɾǲġ˴ʲô֢ǿҪ⡮ݡΪЧ˵׻ǸõġپܾǾǿǺڵˣ˵ɼľġ 
ʱҲûʲôӦЩĽĿһӨˡ 
Щʲôˡ 
ǿһʱ̬˭ܲء˭ΪһΪµܴģʹΪˣԷȴǺڵӡ˼ñҪ汦 
ľˡһ̻ظΪǰһĻƺʹҲѹĻȥЩ塣 



ʮ

       һһо˹ЩȻգǴʱ̬һ˼תһ˲ͷӦ 룺ˣ 
һҲʲô 
~ˬһЦ˵ֲö룬Ҳκ˼鷳λ䵱һ󻤷Ҫˡ 
˵꣬ҲٹһͷԵ 
һӨʮףߵһ鿴ȥΪƽɽʯǰȻСĵذӨƽ档 
ŸԶһͷʾǻ 
һĿ˹Լϸ˿һ˲һָĪĹ켣ת 
һ࣬ǰֵطŵӨͷǵʱĬšκκ 
ȻһڻȫŪԼڵԪжĹãĿǰҲѾסԼԪ֮ߣ˲֮ 
ԼڡֻһؾĹʵȴܹӳؾܡǴľ˺˵ֳһĪԼҪκԼ޵Ĺ 
εε¼һѾܹȷԼĹһŷǳ˲õص䡣ˣһʱǳܹκӨľˣ˵ñ統صĶࡣ 
ʱһһţؼΪԪ飬͸һƣؽӨͷ˿˿ѾӨͷ 
˿Өϵ̬һ͸ɰԼġ 
ӨԭʧѪԵò԰׵մʱüҲſǸѵӣҲʱƿʼѪӵתΪۺ죬Сǲͣ΢ţֹʲôȴû 
ǺǣȻЧȻʱǴҪöࡣţ˵ñҪءվܹκõġѾͷγԿͷ˰ɣһӨ𽥺תҲ˿˼תȻֻζղűӨʱо 
һʮ˱Ŷ⣬ҲûκһŮйܽӴˡŶʵ̫СΪԼϵãȻʲôо 
Өɲһˣ˴ûڣӨַ绪ïһҪĻһ˵ʱӨ塣һ̣ӨһѾǰķˣھ嵽ʲôλǡֻһԼסټϡһӨΣⲻ˵ġ 
ԣһʱֹҲʵ 
һƮƮȻζһ֮ʱ 
ӣеӨһ¶ʹı顣 
һ΢һȴŵһæ񣬷Өʱ̬һҲҷԪ鲻Өͷֱκκ 
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˲վɽʯԶǰ˲˼һĻ˵ﲨǹʮ̨ĺƽ棬ӿʼھûһƽϢ 
ʦ֣ѵܹƾˣصľˣ˫ɽʯϵһӨͷҲתдǧֵ޷ţһ˿˿Ρ 
һʣմʱеĲƽ 
ƾˣǿԲǿ߶첻°ֻͨһЩؼ汦硪ݡܴﵽƵЧڵһĻýгɾ͵߿Ҳ϶һı顣Ŀǰ̬Ѿˣ١ǻû۴УȻȥסһʸס 
յʣʱʲô˼ش𣬿ҡ˼Ҳ֪ô𸴡ԾһĿģɫ޳ҪȷԼѧϵĴͳʶڴ漣һ̡ 
ɽԶʱһɽΪģԲȴһƬšΨеĸˣһһŮΪһԣôһķһĻ档 
תƣڰĻڷһ˿ǰףʱ 
ӣһӨӣСз 
漴ǳ۽΢΢زһڡĵɢĻ 
ʱĹԻ谵ҲβסǷһˮǺҹеҹ顪ǰʤ 
΢һĶȴñ֮ 
ӨԴ㯵һƣϷһ˿΢ЦҹƺõõĻر 
˵ЩʲôοĻ 
ѾͷûͷûԵ³çΪһɫֳĵ˷粻ǣԺҪٶΣһ 
һ˼תȷǲ˼飬֪һ뵽Ժˡ 
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յһʱϵɽʯǰǿӨű˴˶һۣȻԼͬѾչĿһ˵г˾ǾЩʲôȴ֪Ӻ˵ 
˰Σһ˫ۣȶϵľӨЩѾͷҲ֪Լ³çһ˴鷳ûʧ֪ôڡ 
ûȥƽĿӹӨתգֹı飬һصλԺⷽ鷳Ѱһϣ֪߽ڳˡ 
һԣ϶һϲ˶ǰȻǧʣ漰ܵļɻ䣬Ƿǳʲõġ 
һӦԺⷽ鷳ȥҲ˵һСģ˶սʱֻܴҪǾûк֮ˡ 
ʹܶδһÿһλбϵġ 
ȷС޷ܵġ󲻵ĺ£ȴ䵽Լͷϣôܲϲˣ̹ȻܣҲձġ 
һҲס 
δȻһֻԤûʵ֡Ǿ㲻εľ֮ҲܲΪԼ㣬Ҫ֪ڿǷǳʱڣ½սһ 
ԭӣֻҪӻͲܰһӵıȥ÷зӷȣԼƾ˵ı´뽭¡ŵҲ޼ 
ʵϣаɵʮʡڵ˵ʵҪһ˵طǻ 
ռȻ֪һ£Ҳͷǳ˵һѧѾﵽߵľ磬ڻ˵ᣬֻҪһ;زۣô϶ﵽһֲĸ߶ȣȲɣȴһǱ˺˵ĵˣ˯˯ˡ˵ĳһ죬һҹϻ̡ŲҰ 
оһڵĹϵˣΪأڵ˼һ˵Լɵĺ󱲡ѵбʮʡڵȥɴսǻûҲںڵɡ 
˵ɵһϵҲǳеľɵĴ࣬ͽһĽ飬Ҫа˰֮Ϊֵܵĵزˡ˭˵ֽ񶫴½ڰĵһˡĸҳıӵȥǸɵڣóһǰ 
أնһ飬˵ͷǵͷοǱͲǶ𱨣ĹεıСˣȻҲҪóݡ汦Өˡ 
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һҪһЩֵһѣʱ͵ðһա 
ȻҲھһֺġȻԷҲˣôֵһɱϾĲɲ⣬ҲһûСȻҪ˼Өϣһ˿˼ʱע˵Ķν֮Ĳޡ 
ʱһԲһҲԸˣŻ˵ⷬ 
˵һ飬ݡĵ׶һΪˣҲһ֪塣 
Ͻ˵˴˵鲻˫һһεĴС۳ĵ׸м֮࣬ҲʼƽԼСһˡԭһ˿ϵӣҲ˿ 
һ˵˵ͷȻСĵط˻ɽʯϵӨ 
ӨУһʱȻɫƽǰһĶӨûɵһۡ 
ĹУ߾û뿪һףȫԵա֪һϿЩʲô 
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ɻûһ仰˵ 
Բ֪ˣԲ𣡡ӨһҪ˵æΪǿ˶Է 
ΪһҪڸˡȻദûãΪӨĺ֣ȷһ˲鷳һʱʱҪߡ˴鷳Ȼں⣬һĶиоһ˿Ĳ֮ͬΪһǰ̫࣬ڣʶȿڵǸˡ 
ףֻҪǸˣ֤´βٷǡβôһԭǿаˡ 
ǳ׼һһ㣬𽥵ıЩˡ 
Ϊε£ʵǷ˼ЩˣЩûʧһķߡ 
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ӨˮĵۣһһΣҡҡͷ˵ôûʲôˣ 
ԭ׼ҪѵĻЪˡ 
˵Ķ԰ףһȻװʲô¶û⡪ 
Թû̫ˣȥ鿴һ˵ʬ壬ʲô˵ 
ŶǶ½Ӧ˵˰ɣ˵һȷĵ 
Ҳ޷ȷüͷһ˵ܾûô򵥣ȥһµĺãֵܣɱģһȥ 
һˣСҲǡǾ͹ȥͷ¶βļһﵽǺηʥһյص 
԰գתźʬڵصȥ漴ϣӨҲײײ˹ȥ 
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˵ȷʵǽ˵Ĺʶһ죬峤ʱԪϴջۼͻϵİ˰̸ҽһǿʡΪˣߵһ㶼ȽϳͨˣǶһԹ˾磬ȴ⸶ݣҲѹһǡ 
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ι̾˿ȻʲôûУ湻صġ 
ȷأ֪ĸ߲ǳ𣿡һһ񣬳ʵ 
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ԣĵʵʦû˰ɣʲôϵɣ 
ղſûǿҵĸܣΪ˵Ĺֻǳನѡ 
һĵɫֲĵٴڹθɴĻҲˡҪûŮڳҪѶԷġ 
һͷڻζղŵĻΪʱǳ˴ģһûʵײʵĽӴԷĹನҲȫһõԪָ˿ȥᵽԡڲͬĹܡ 
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ǡࣿһֱϵͼʵ 
࣬˵ͷϵͼӦþһ˵󣬶Ƭ̣üͷصǣҿɴû˵ĸΪʾġɿȻѾƲĿҲԿ϶Ƕ½ˡ˵½ĿɲǶ½˵еĤݵһЩʲôӰ˵Զ֮ˣ˵֯ôֻķأ 
 



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˵ͷ˵ʵ벻𰸣ȷǡһһ֯ĳԱ㿴˵ţѹ˵ֱ۷һ棬ֱơ 
һѭ˹ȥȻмĳһƬУĿһ½ġ顯֡ 
顯ѵ```һת 
Ӧòִ֯еźţ˵ľ磬ȴֻŵ壬֯СЩصĻش 
Ҳѹأ˵⡪ҪɱǵġԷԽǿԽ㣬ǶɵΣԽȻڻΪʲôԸǡҪԸոˣʮʡڵˡò 
һص飬ҲɲǼ뵽ǰҲûʲôð취Ͼ˭ҪԸǶ㲻ûĿ꣬ô 
һ뵽Լɱ֯һ߲㡣 
ǵ֪ԼҲһʰˡҶһˣʲôúµģɱ¾ΪĽУǰǺ»ģʲôϢѾ׵ˣһɱ˲ӣٶһ֯Σѵǻ˸Ѳ˵ĸֻǿƣһ̹Ȼذ漴۽վӨţѾͷе鷳᲻أ 
һƽ֮ʱֿˣһֵܣ룬Ҳ벻ʲôͷ±ȽأҵϻʦŰϱʦɱˣҲһЩ鷳·ҪСˡ 
˶٣һôӣص˵֪һֵؾĴ֣ͨҲԹȻҲߣϾ``````֯Ǽ֮ҪСĵĺã 
һԣĵ˵ͷҲΪӨİȫءȻתͷͤͤӨ뿪ڡ 
ҲµģһСĵģҲ鷳ˡ㲻ҪߺòãӨ˸ȿΪǿ 
ǳģһߵĻָȥ 
û˵ҪߣֻҪСĵѣҪǰʲôͺ棬ҴǰŶһˣһӦûʲôɣһš 
ķǱʶУһҲе㲻ûӵѾͷһܡǰãڵôһʵɹ۵Ҫǲ£Լǲ£ӨɾΣˡ 
֪ôлֵѡһ̧ͷһ΢Цص 
ͺãǾȸˡ˵꣬ǼѾıʮʡڵ˳Ա 
һƣһľ͸ƶ 
䣡 
һ󣬵һֱף׵Ĵӡ 
Ȼٴλ˻֣Ǽµӵʬͷɽ˿ڡ 
һľٶҲϵأ赭дػ˻֣ǹ˵ʬɹʮף׼ȷص˿ڡ 
һЦЦٴλּ䣬һʯϵӾʧӰ١ 
һĻͨ˿һᾪڳ˶ԣȴǼֲ֣֮Ͷѡ 
Ҫȥ֮ʣһͻȻְǸסˡ 
Եȣ⣬տʼô֪ģһ˳ʼɻ󣬿ʵ 
ǺǣһֵܲһˡЦǺǵ˵Ȼٴߵһǰ 
һֵȻ뽭Ĵڽɵĸ߲п˲֪˲Ҳӿڵ 
ţһ޷ףԼ뽭ã͵ùı˽Ӷ׷ɱֱƴԲǿߴˣŪڹˣôԼ˲֪˲ˡ 
Өԣȴ˫һﰵСӹȻǽеˣƭС˵ʲôԼ֮ʦҲ˵ߣ 
Ȼ룬Өûɵĸееϲоͷȴʵʵڡ 
һɻı飬նһۣתһһֵһ뽭սѾɵĸ߲ĵӴ÷зˡɱ˰׻ԪʼԼش󻤷žͬʱİսʿֱʥǿߣΪɽϵĸŸɵӮһ¼ѾһֵѾǶ½һĵһˣȻܶ˶ûм档ȷ֮ʵ벻ĸеĺ󱲵дܡȻԶ׼ˡ 
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Ůҵ˼ôûɣͷǴеһöǰ㲻׽Ҳ룬һʶã˴˵˽ж١οѵһһ㶼ҲЩ֪̲סҪšʵ޽⡣ 
һȻ֪ʱӨ˼ձȭķǳлǸϢҵ̤ʵˡ 
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һ˵ͷ֪ˣȴ˵Լ͵ǵ̸ݡȻ˴ţΪǲ̫òġοڱ˴˵Ĺϵ 
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ãҲٶԣգűʮʡڵ˵ܲڷǣȥ 
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˽һпֵҡҡͷﰵֻҪĵطͻַССᣬдȻβͬȴһġ˻һӲְ 
ӨһҡͷԵӣסЦɲȥЩӰ˵Ķڵֻ÷ǳģǳ֡ʦѾ˵ˡȵһ֮󣬻ɽȥһ¾´󼪡ûȥʲôսѽɱġ 
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       Ƕ˵ȥ׵۳ǵˣ׵¥ǵǰһ⡣ ݴԣ׵¥Ĳκεط޷ζΪ塪һϰǻĻʳλʵۡ˼𡯣λʵүһʳáһ׵۳ʱԲϰ߳׼ʳѪ֮¾˽ⴱ¥ȡ׵¥ͬʱһЩóʦƳȫְ֧׵¥ռȫ½ʳϡ 
˲˼ǡ˼¥Ķһרõ÷⣬Ȼ¥ȫ½Ĺ忪ţ˵ʲôֲ֡ 
¿ɺãһЩӵܷ׷ӿ׵¥㲻ǱǵĹҲӿ 
ֻΪ˸ʵʵүԿˣ˭Ҳӣǵȳ˰׵¥ʳǾҲ벻طˡ 
Ȼ߶һ壬ƽʱԵÿ϶Ҳɽ亣ζ˭ʵô½ĳʦһȥռȫ½ʳأ¥ʳ֮ȫֶ֮ҲֻлʹŷɿһȣֽĶ½ܳҡ 
Ϊ׵¥ʳĺպصαҲ˵ʱǵķӵγʱ֮ģһЩС׷ױܹ߳¥Ĺһʵݵ 
ţĹҲڣҲûԲеİ߸ˣǼӪֻʳͻֽ񽭺еĸʵ֯ 
һڶ¥Ĵڣ΢Цž¥רŰŵķԱ԰׵¥ʷ渽ʱ΢ͷԵӨһĿɨһۣӨˮҪˡǽģ˲ʱһЩ˵ע⡣ȴû˸ڨΪҶףܹ˾ûһǺǵġ㲻žǿʵ̨ǡǲҪµĺá 
ΧЩ޵ĿдЩĲɾһȻĿȻأҲеЩ΢ķڱûʵʵж֮ǰҲû¡ 
ԼӨľ¥ԱĿбӵСһ˵ͷ¥ָһ֡ӻ֣һָŲ˵˼ƲˣʾԱȥˡ 
ǣС׼Щǰˮ⼸ɫʱܻȽϳ빫СԵƬ̡ľ¥Ա˵һͷתȥ 
һܵܣǻҪòܵȥѽӨЩвסһ˫ɵ°ͣ΢С죬˵ĵһ 
ǰκ˶ɫڻμˣһһĵ΢΢üȷصǰЩٶ㣬ٹӦÿԵ˰ɣ˶٣һһתˣǰЩ˵岻ѵûﲻֲ˵Ȼ˵ܰﵽ㡱һȻƽȴŵһ˿ġ 
һ˵⣬Өʱͨ죬ŤŤص˵㲻Ҫﲻҵġǰͺأ 
Ŷ˾ͺãҰﲻõɲ˵ģȻ㲻ҲˡһǾе㲻ʹ죬ΪԸʹȻϻԵò̲ȴţôˣҪҹˣѵǵӲҪ˵ʲô֮ÿء׷ʷŪѿֹǱʶĹЩ΢Ȼʧ 
˾ĬĴţеơ 
˰ΣһֿڵȻѾˣǽʼͿԶϵ·ˡ˵꣬̾˿Ƿľ£˫Ŀ֮ȴֲѤķ羰ԵЩĲɡ 
ѾŶ˳ԭҲ˲١һûмǣһܻȫȫ̤ʵ˴˼ʮ֮飬׾ܷĵµġأǶһĵķЩɡ 
Өڹ˰һôһ䣬һʱ 
߿߿㣬ҪҲϵϣߣӨغ޺˵ԭ绨һԱȷˡ 
Ůӵ˼Ǻ׽һԺһֵ֪ˡֻҡҡͷ 
ûһ¥ķԱ̣һӵĸɫˮ͵һϡֹȥ 
ӨץеһֻСݺݵҧһڣȻһޱһ޺޵ؽ·еĲζĳˡ 
һȻûпҲ֪ˣӨһһĹ۲֮ڣǿ⣬Ǹйʵ̫ˡ 
ҡͷ΢ЦЦһҲһҧһڣϸϸƷζֵƵˮһܷǳģӨʱ˫ð𡣰еĴֻϺݺһšҧгݵؽеЦʲôЦûŮѽ⻵Ǻþûˣ޿ֱ̣¶˳ʱ׺Χʳְߵϡ 
Ө˱֣һȴǵǷա 
ȻſеһϷı顣 
˰Σ˻һŭӣһӵĶšǵ˽ﴫ˵ĶСһ΢΢һЦٶɵѾͷˡҪڣһͻȻֹסнδĻ΢΢üɫҲȻƽ 
λС㣬ʲôܹΪЧ𣿡¥ݿڴֻһӢɫµӨһಽظĸ׳ˡ 
ϵɫͣһܿ͵£˿˿ĸ߰첽֮£ɢһ˿þӸλơ¥ʳǼ״֮£඼æعͷԼԼģ˲١Ȼǲʶ꾿Ǻηʥܶ˶Ǵ¥ģǡ˵ݾͲܹǵġο󣬸ǿһԾڳ˵Ǵ֮һǾ͸˲ˡˣʳǵıʵں 
һʱû˼ţĸйٻǰ˵ľֹһһӦԺС첽ԼɢĪ⣬һûаϣɶҧһڣȻٴϸϸƷζ·һж޹һ㡣 
ʮ׾룬̱˵仰ͬʱѾӨǰ 
ѾͷʱŭأۿµżһôվԼԣĿԼӨֺݺһŵĳ嶯漴뵽һԣԼǰǵ鷳ӲǱסˡ 
ţӨѹ˵£ߵԶԶġȻǲ̫ѾƵļˡ 
 



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       һһۣЩ⡣Ѿͷѵתˣ Өⷬ˲Ļʱ¶һΪޱȵ΢Ц΢Өһʿ˵Ķӡ־С㷼 
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Χʳԣ׷׵˿ԭеɢ˽Ҳʧ 
ڰǿǽ֮һҲǶ½ĳ֮һڶ¥ʳ˵ǾҪӵȻ 
ƺǳ˵ķӦʼ磬ͦΡӨĿҲԡ·ŶԷԼݺͶͱ 
־ӨеʿҲѾʵĿġ 
һĵĹأͬŮֻҪͬ˴֮䶼бȭӨȻһˮμˣϵĳҲѾݡ־ȴ˸ǰ֮䣬ŮʵʿĿĲԶ 
Өƺʣݸ߹Ĵôð 
ⷳ˵ļһﻹôģټϴʱ鱾Ͳѡʱһ˫˵ĵۺݺݵصһԳƸ־ꡣҧгݣһһٵ˵á㡪ܣߵáԶԶģ԰գתͷٿǰĿ˷ƾһһŭһȻʲôܣⷳ˵ĲӬ徲 
־ԲȻŭСԼӹڱݺĸ˲ǱֵùЩͬȼݵӵܣԼҲǷǳѺãԲԼΨһɵҲͽڵؽɵ¶ѡЩһɲԸ 
ԭ˸־СĿһУϸһȵ̬ 
Сαؾǧ֮أ˵ҵĳҸ߼һǾʶȽʶһ£Ҳڽ˴֮飬˵ǲ־ȻѾŭգҲûӵˡӨ˾ˣҲǼ򵥵һĺ̨ҲǶ½ĳ֮һͲòıˡȻ裬ҲҸһСȻҪľͻǼĳϻᡣ 
Өڶ½ڰǼĳ֮һôͲù˼ʲôˡ徵ľˣǾԲŹġĲУǾֱӲġ 
˶٣־ߴӨתһ˵ղСԣСƺǵ㲻֣Ǹĳʹѵѵ㿴Σ 
֮⣬ûһȻһȥҲȷǷȴˡ־ɴûмһɲԼôùһϸɺĵӡңһҲǺ˲ãֻҪ־ŪºǸҲͲʲôصĺġ 
鲼ԵĶӸʤҪǶദǾǲܵ¡ô˴֮ìܸôأѵֱӹɸɴսȻҲǲʵġ֮ǱҪǾΪһ󱲵Ӷ󶯸ɸġǱ˴֮ʵԶС˴ҲԶˡ 
¶˳֣ҲҪнİ취㲻Ըɸ꣬˴˵Ҫ˼ģˣͽһ 
Ҳ˸ɴĬϵһǱ򡪡 
ͬȼ֮䣬󱲵໥ìܣ˴˿˳ۡԼѵԼоͬʦֵܣͬȭȻʵгɣ޶ԷǣǾҲνֻҪаղԼԷɵȫս硪ɱ֮𣬶֮ʲôģɱ˶ԷԷʦһҲĵز 
ⶼ໥ʵ֮ǰ¡ 
Сϴɵĵӣ̸ʲôģǾȡ㲻ƺıɹԼȾˣԷʦžŹġңϰԵһĴ۵ԼɡǱĴɵʲôҾ֮£Ӷ˸ע⣬ԤСǿԱסɸҲܶžԷڰгʱС 
ˡֻҪԴˣСǾԲȥǴġ 
־֮½ڵؽɵ£ҲǣҪùˡƾһ֣һ˻УҪһ۷ûˡЩⰮã־һǿһСŮ֮ʱñؽˡΪ֪־ݣ֮¾ͳֺݺݵһ٣ȴҲûɱ֡ϾǿΪΪһʶСŮӣͬΪ֮һڣؽǲġ 
º󣬸־òʶؽһҪһسӡʱȻϳؽҪ˱ܣؽǺƢ֪һȺ˶Źȥű̧˻ҲΪ£ؽˡԣһξһΡø־ڣҪΨٴ϶ʹŹ 
ǴҲ㲻еĴңӴԺѧ˲١ʱϵ£ƾ伵Ը˵ͲʲôǱ򣬶ˡºڵҲΪôһȥɱ¡ϾɵԲǿߵġҪԷܵ㲻ʹĳͷάһɵ棬ҲͲ֮ˡ 
ͬǴɵӵͬǶԸ־ǳԭΪƾյʮ䣬һľ磬ҲһСˡοһһ۷Ĵ硪⡣ 
ɵӼķһΪɵǡԽѵԷŮӣԲܶһЩΥ׵£硪ǿĺǿɱɱҪأԷʦһĲƴһ 
ˣ־ŪӨĺ̨һͲôˡһǡ˴һϤˣһ־Ѿȷ֮԰ìͷָһҲӲ̽һ˵ĺ̨ǿӲȡڳԿ־Ҳȥġƾһ꣬޿֡ 
־˵һʱüͷһ壬漴һ²ؼӣԸеͷŸûӹһۡ 
ӨԣԭŭɫȴһΪġһոһ˲顣Ө֪ѾЩˣ˾С죬ȴҲҺ֡ 
Өûȥ־Ƕһ˵һһ밡ɲ˵ģ㲻ܹң㷳ĻҾͳָߺˡοɲµģԼ鷳ġȳʵӨһ˫ŲɫһҪ̬ȣȻپ֡ 
 



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       ֪䣬һƽµԸƺҲӰ쵽´ֵӨֻ˵ӨѾ˽һΪһЩν¶ԽදɸꡣӨҲǱʶвһգġˣ˵һ һԺƽˮɫҲ˸ı䣬Өһ΢Цƽ˵Ȼ޶£Ҳûнίš˲ңҲˡס仰ôô 
Ȼ޶£ҲûнίšίأλӨϲ̵ػζţղŵһŭ˲ʧ٣Ľ̲ס¶Цݡ 
վһԵĸ־ӨĻʱѾٴαɫĿҪγˮһⷬԼӨԺ¶ġκ˶ѵЦݡ־ʱŭʼһ£ҲܲסԼĵ׵ķŭһչ䣬ƳצӰһ·ġ顯ץһͷȥƣҪһͷ­׳Ҳͬʱ䡪ѸٷĽǡҪһӴܡ 
鷢̫죬ΧʳǶûӦһж糣Ľš 
ȻҲֻǶͨԡ 
һȻɫţûзڸ־ҪֵɲǣѾˡ 
˶Ҫһɣǽ֮һҲԣȻѾ˸ɵһʥǡڵĸ־Ҳ̫ˡһеײ㣿ߣڵʯ䣬һԺ뵽Щ 
һֵٶǺĿݡһգ۵ʱ䶼û־צӰ͵һͷƣװı졣ԵľһˣҲᱻץһ 
־ٶٿ죬ܿù֣ĳе䲻⣬Ө˲䷴Ӧ˹ 
ŭӨһ 
ǷץһצӰҲû˼ô㹥ǲܶһƣֻǡһ鷳ԥģôƣһɰɵᵭһƺ־塣 
ӨƵͬʱ¥󣬸Ҫ߽¥һ߶Ȼɫһ˲ʧԭء 
ʱΧһЩʳҲ֡ƺˣҪҲһ涼ûͨϰգֻǲЩ½ĴȽ϶ѡˣǿ¼Ҳ١ˣ׷Ҫܿһ㡣ȴ˿ûߵ˼ 
ƺҾϾҪˣǳо뷨ȴ֪־ʱʹࡪ 
ۿžҪһԴץˣ־Ŀ¶ЦݡȴûһĻ˾֮£һĳȻûһ˿ƮɺȻɢš˵ͷ˿ƳɵĸַҲö 
͵־צһֻʮ֮ʱ۵ĹͿСЦݣȻֹһ·ġ顯ӰҲʧ١ôǰˣצǰһͷƣ˿áٹŤѵĹƺʲô˵Űһж㼸֮䣬ΧȻǿʲôɵ֮һһȴǺ׸־ʱʹ 
һ蹷һ˵Լǰһ˾ûؼѹԪѸγһ״˲ס˸־ȫΪһƵʵôԱҲûʲô񣬾ͺƸ־һڱС硣 
ڵʹȴʵʵڵģԪʲôǱֵԪһԪһ־ƣûѹԪ鱾Դѹȴûء⣬һССһܳܵġ 
بűڵĻ̻־ƺ˲ʧȥ˶ԼĿơΪʹ࣬ļʶŤţڱ֮Ѿ˿˿ѪҲʱӨǺŭȴ׼ĸһĵ 
 
֪˭һ 
һüһ漴չȻٳ˰ס־Ԫ顣š 
顯һ 
־бշɳ׷ңͼӰһȻֻһߣ˫ֺᱧŻĸ־ڡһԶ֮ 
ү 
ү 
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ֱڣǷĽǵ׳˲׷ʲô¡׷׾ѸĿǰ֪ĸ־Ȼȴǲ̫ߣվһ׶ĵطɫг˻޴롣ȴûдʱӦеĹġ 
ӨɫֲưգƵģЩ̿֡͵͵һһһµСڵȴŴ˵ĳͽ䡣¥ʱž 
ڳ˵ɫһȻȻءߵӨǰˡȻȻʳָعӨǷ۵ıһ£һõ΢Ц硣 
һӨ߾һֱû뿪һޱԼԼָǻˡ 
Ҳɵӣ־ݣǺˡýֺͷ룬϶ҲǺ˲áѵһûϵʱȴǳ̫ˡ 
Өﻼûʧ֮ʱһĶȴˡӨƽʱȻ֣˵ǸѾͷرǶԼעкԷһһܷú 
һСʱһסˡһɴûǵĶȻǴڻ֮УҲ֪΢ЦǸעһů򶨼ղЩ߰ĵģһӷɵ˾⡣һļʱӨµֻад˿˿ۡ뵽ʲôһĨθԭ;ĽգʹһƬ̡ 
¥ȻûҷκϢǵȴϣʱ̹ע˫ĶһһĻ˵ϸԷĽ뼵ʽеĸ飬еĻЩֻ 
һתĿͶ䵽ϡԲô鵭ȻؿŶԷˡ 
Ѿ־ιһҩ裬˫ı־˹ˡ׳ַķڸ˻ 
ʱһһţ¥ҲһֱôȻֱֻʱЩ˵ıѾЩͣȴǲҳôɫվڵءǵȴûԭǰרעˡ 
 
һڴƬļž˵˲伯еԴֻĸ־ӿһѪ󣬻˫ۡҲջ˫ƣһվܵ׳ˣҲس˿ŵɫҲԷɡȴûз֣־˫ĿУʱȴһƬ磬û˿ʡ 



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       ߵ˫Ŀ͸һöסվӨ˵Ϊγ֮أѵڵг𣿡ߵĻȻͳһӨĶȴסЩֶΡ Өʱѹ˺ڣվһ˼šߵǳȵ̧ͷһŭŭԷԼĻ롣˿õػص˵ʲôѽͣһ£뵽ʲôһһȻĿڵ˵˵ôʲôأûߣ˿ûлشԷ⣬֪û뵽ġ 
ԣ糤붼̡ûзɵͳǷг𣿡 
ͷĿﰡ־FӣӣλҲ̫ߡȴӲҪڣ֮⣬ǲϷŹǡȻҲ£ΪСһɧǲֵáο½ֵ֮ʣӨ```һ˼ת˲뵽ȥӨƣֹĻ 
ߵλˡһ˵ 
ǰһĶ̫Σ߲û֡ȫľעӨϣȴһԵһΪӨֵɲǣߵ¥ݿڵ߾͸оһ첨ȻӨҲûѹ˲ĺŭ֣ȴû˿ءҲ߷ӨȻҲͬһؾĸ֡ŻᶸȻɫʱһػľȻһңӨƺӡ߲ò 
ߵһ׳꣬һλ۵ǰһѸղŵһ߶һ顣 
һŻ׳ĽһüͷʱʱһӨι󣬻˹˺һվһԡ 
ûǵͷѰ˼һᣬ˫ĿһƬ⡣̧ͷһӨʱȴֺܺõ 
֪λôƺϡסǵͳŵ˵֮ʱͻȻӴ󡣾ö¥˽ʹס˫һ¿ɱȵһҪݶˡ 
һ΢΢ü漴չޱ飬ñκʱҪͻȻоӨֽһ 
һʹӨı飬Ҳ֪ѾͷòᡣǺƢһٺҲİɡοӨԲһ̵࣬ڣҲò˵ǸС漣 
£ȻⲻˣǾ·ˡһ˲ӹͷɱġɴǸĴˡ 
ٴνӨ޹ǵƣֱһоɫԲǺܺõӨٽֵĴ 
Ҫ֪˭͸ɡһͷҲصôһ䣬ż㣬ӨƮƮغɽֵվڶһƽ¥˽˵ָָ㣬ڴͣƬֱ̡һо˸ٴδӨһ·űȥٶȡ첻 
û뵽һȻư˿Լ˷ƾҲظо˲ԡ˴֮ͥ£ͷβˡǡڵҪˡý֪ͬױС޵һ仰סˡԶҲ̧ͷˡ£һŭ֮£ͰҲ˵ 
룬Ҵҵشڸղ׳꣬ԸһȻ׳꣬æԽ׷һ˶ȥ 
********************** 
ôǰĺڰ׵۳ǸָߵͲһĽŲţʱ·˵ľûǿӰѾԽȥԽԶƬ̱˱š 
ȥƣһƺ˿ûͣ˼ǲطš죬Ҳ죬Ҳʼձ˫ʮҵľ롣 
һ·ڣҲ˺ܶࡣȥûô򵥡ǰŮ´͸¶졣Ůᣬȴ졣Ȼǳ̬ȴ򶨡Լݺ˲ɫ׿ɲŽ˻˭û˵֮һڵġ 
ɼȻ֪ȴ˱֡ԽԽԾͷðˡһˣ˵ʱͷˣȻҸڽһ¾ͳɣŮҲ֣˵ͨȴڵӴڣܲãȻԺкšѵȫɱˣҲСӲǰ˵ĶĿʱ鷳 
ͷеˣ벻ʲôȫ֮ߡеڰ׵¥ڵıˡʱ``` 
ϧûкҩɳԡһıǰ£ĽѾע 
λ˵ͳˡѵǻʲôù󱲣Ҫһ˼ĵͷȻѾòԾȴǾơʱ׵۳Ҳ·ȻڹٵϣҲ֮ء黹м·ܹü 
һԣûͣ½Ųǲطš 
һı֣һŭŭԷԼ֡ȴҲһ˿ϲ 
״˸ƣʾͣ׷Ȼһٲˡĳˡ```°û˵ȥ뵽ʲôͻȻֹ 
׳ͣ£ȻЩ΢죬ҲǴˣƺҲѾЩʲôôޱ飬Ʋվڸ 
һŵԺһ١ͷ˼һᣬ̾˿ǰ˼ٴδӨȥȴٶȫֻӰһ˲ӹǧףһʧ˵֮ڡ 
һһ٣ʹ׵˲ﺹյţͷͷʱһת᲻һеܡʹº³ҲõĶȥҪǿڴʱɥɣǳô㡣ΪʲôҲشˡֻ˵ֱֵѡ 
󣬸׼һûлͷ£ӨǰȥŵԷšɻûȫ£֮һĻȴѡǹһɢġĻ̻ԶþѹľսҪԸ```ײȥ 
죬ؾϣС```һʧͷ׶۰־ֶҲ̲סһǵʲô˰Ϯͷеĸоߵ׳꣬ŵĿɿڴá 
ȥ˶񣬸׺ˡȻͷԭ·ء 



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       ׵¥Ĳ¼Ѿȥʮˡķ·Ԫ¶ʮգڸϵֻɽвҪҵڵţǻ÷һֽš һ£ӨȻЩɻ󣬵ȴû𡣶һȻ뷨ӨûҲûнʲô 
ռʱɫѾЩ΢һ·ϵĲ֪棬ƻҹˬҵ¡һӨ߶صĹٵϣǰĿСȥȻҪҸʿһڵڵء 
һܵܣҵֵúǸȥѽܲһֱڰɣӨͷһʵ 
һԣ΢΢һЦ˵ԺȻġ뵽˵ʱµһζԻ˶ٺ󣬽˵㣬ѵԺ󻹸һϹܣ 
ʲôѽҲ𣿡ӨٸʵףЩζֵܣߣߣѾͷֹ 
һף˫ĿԻ谵գصжҪЩʲôӸ˵񶫴½ֵ֮ʡңһλйԼ붫½һ𣬹У 
һеĺ⣬ЩԶûɵģӨ΢΢һϡһգһ 
ʱڣΪһλƺڸԹĻ뵱ȥˣǰеĲһƮݣĿ꿿š 
Ƭ̺Өݳš 
Ҳң𣿡أӨԵеСģǻ̿Ρ 
΢ȵתͷӨһӳлع 
㲻ʦ𣿾Ѿɣʦǲͽеķ𣿸ο½ȫͻһʣһеɻ󡣵˭Ҳûз֣һļһ˿ĪϲáԼеģģҲȷԭ 
Өԣü΢΢һʦǰĶʱе㷳˼Ƭ̺һ 
ֻǸǺˣҲֱӲսǲˣ~Ѿͷ뵽˸Ϊȫһɨղŵǳ 
ǸѾͷһĵ΢΢̾˿뵽ԺͿҲˣ΢֮䡣Ҳɨˡ¶һõ΢Ц޵ţȻǺð취 
СɣԺҪ𱣻ŶŵһĳޣӨƺָֻЩĿ֣ԭתһȦЦ˵ 
ŮѾͷһ˫ĿЩȻÿɷЦŵ˵ͷ 
˾ЦĵţƺֻصǰЩڸ·ʱǢۿʱ֪ĳжʱйͻȻͷ֣װŴ׳꾹Ȼľ·ˡ 
ƾһôȻƵÿͷĺ棬һеǹһ㡣Եڽˡ 
Ǻˣýˡһŵ 
ţǿܾ֪ӨȻҲˣӦ 
·ȻƬ̼һӨ˾ôվ·롣Ѿܵʮ׿ƥ˿û·˼ 
ɣͬʱͣʮ⡣ 
ûȶԷڣһͶ׳߱ȭλˡˡСð̼λһЩ⡣ð֮£ 
ʱϵɫôÿûзֻϸ۲һˡ 
һҲԼΪЩݡЩ˴·϶ЩҪ졣ɸճȴʶ˸·У˭̫ġһΪոϵڣҲͲЩʧ֮ˡ 
ɱȭһʵ֪λ֪ڵںδСεزġλָһ¡ 
һԺϵ˷׷¶һ˿ȣţԼͬİĿ⼯еһʮϡֻһɫۣ޳Ƿ˫Ŀ󣬻һֳ 
΢΢üûȥλͬѰʵĿ⣬˫Ŀһʵ˭ڸʲô 
һһ飬֪ʶˡѺõЦЦһȥΪϡ֪鷳֪Сӣм 
һܵû̫ˣһĻԭɻɫʱ÷ǳЩ״ε˵˵ţæһ 
һҲһϸ룬ȷԼʶˡԵøӺͿˡӭģԵ쳣꣬һ״ξе㲻֪롣 
ϵߣҲǱ˴֪ͬݵһһɫʶ 
ܵһǰһԶʱ;Լһȴޱȵǽסˡöǰ÷ֺ 
λ磬ʶ𣿿```һû˵꣬еʣ˭ó 
ҲһȻʹǰУɦɦףһڨڨЦ㿴ңһûԼأ˶٣һһɻѸٽȥҽҶҸװҴʮ꿪ʼһֱǡܵܣңܵܣŶҶˡʣһܵһһûм̿ˮҶеʧ˵ΪѾˡŶ˵Ǹ```Ҷе״ 
һǰòãޱȣȴе㺩ֱ꣬Ҳһ󼤶Ļƽ϶Էϵĵʧ¶ϲõЦݣǰһѱסҶԭ磬ҲǾ㡣ֻǿϧʱûϡҲҺûҪ```һҲԵ÷ǳ 
Ȼûм档ͨĽܡʵѾѾˡ֪Զиֵܣȴûл档ʱһȻȡ 
СӣԲǿ߶ײȻûһ£ҶץһҼ磬˸Ĵָݺݵؿ޵ 
һһЦҡҡͷûһ£ûбҪԸôɣ 
ףСûã˸ôƯϱӲҪãҶ˫ͻȻ׼˴ʱվһӨӨɻ˵ķˣҶǻûջصĴĴָȻ󣬻һһüŪ۵ġ 
Өԣնʱߺ졣޺޵Ҫʲôȴ֪Ӻ˵Ծ͵ͷٱ⡣͵͵شһ 
һһЦã̫ᳶˡ뿪ڽЩʲô 
ýͣд󵱻飬Ů󵱼޵ģ쾭壬ʲô˼ġҿþͲţҷǳ⡣Ҷֱ׳شһ˵ 
ǳ⣿һһΣҲٽˡ˵ 
ӨȻһϵɫ仯ʱûɵһաһȻûٷˣһĪϲ 
ƣߵҶǰҲǱȭ磬СӨԺա 
Өϵĺ쳱δȴһϲҶҲһȻֱӿڵţãӨƯˣֵǺøģֱֱûһ˿Ĳ˼ 
ŴԣӨǻδ˹ĺ쳱ٴθաȻ󣬲֪ġݺݵذһһٴ˵һ 
һ޹һӨЦЦȻҡҡͷ 
 



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       һʶһֵܣֵܿǵ񶫴½ϵһһ˰һӨʾͬʱҶִɤţλͬкиǳԺ·ԼǿеĶ½һһƵġ ҶĽлӨЩһһ£飬ȴûʲô졣ֻǺߵùͷˣ鸴Ӷѡ 
˶ڵĵӣҶڽнʶĺѡһѺõǼ˵Щ׵ĻתͷЦҶʵ磬ǼãڿɶãʵͨҶ֮⣬һѾȷŶǰȫģûҶ׿ȷǲȫɡ 
ҶԣԭЦǺǵر鶸Ȼ̣Щ֪ôڵӡһ￩һ£ҲеţûٴѰʣǵҶĻش 
һ⸶飬ҶڵֻǣֵֻȥˡҸԺҲ׷ȥҶ֪ˣҶĿЩգּһ䣺ȥҲң治ԭΪġδԼ˵İȫ 
ʵҲȷˣƾһ۷壬һһأһصľ硣ټڵӰ˵ڽкߣԱûġ 
ԺһŵԷţͷ˼Ƭ̡ 
ңҲû˼ڰɣȻȥˡǣֻҪ˵ľ֣ȫӦû⣡һҡҡͷֿʵ磬Ҫȥ 
Ҷԭڰգŵһʻ󣬻Ȼ˾תΧһȦû˺󣬶һص˵٣Ǹȥ׵۳أǹ㷢һĽʽߡھ¶ʮ죬ȥ׵۳ǹ̴¡ңҲҽӵ˴˺Ҷ˵̲ס·ܹμۻᣬ˷һҫС 
һ˵ͷѰʵ˵ǽڵؽ 
Ȼ֮ͬ˭ҳΪģҶֱ׳˵֮⣬ǷǳƳλһûʲô飬ҶʲôŵŶˣ˵ҪáҲ˵ҲȥϢҪһߣ˳Ҳɡ 
һȻĶ΢΢˵ͷҶ˵ĺеԼǶµѰҶԷĿǰԼѾ֪ǵϢȴǲ֪ûԼ 
һ˳һ·û¹ԵĺۼЩա 
ȥаԼһңʵǴΪǵ˰æһעһ¡ңȥһ磬ҲбҪġһ˵ 
̫ˡǾһ·ɣ۸ҲܺúġҶһļ򣬴Цŵ԰գͻȻתͷӨʵ˵ã㲻ɣ 
Өֱۣ̲סһɬһҲһΡ 
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һӨҲûбҪȥˡҶˣٴ̤ʱ·˼µİ׵¥ 
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׵۳Ǳңƥɿر۶ 
ڵˣ졣˵׵۳Ϊ½֮һҵúúùˣҶˬĴЦԶľʹ˿ȥʹ·ߵƵƵͷһ˵װ磬ʲôҲûгڣԼ· 
ϴڰ׵¥ûгԳɣεȥúòһ¡ӨҲ˵ѾͷûǴβ¡˵껹ߵһһԣӨ΢ЦЦûпڡ 
Ө÷ģǵľۻصڰ׵¥ʱʲôͳʲôҶִػص 
仰ʱ䣬һ˾Ѿ˱šȻֱ˽ȥŵļʿ˶ǿûһۡʿҲǵõȫӶδѰʲô 
ʱѾֻʱңֱڿĴϣʹÿеģĸоϵĸܣ֪˿ֲ£ȴδ˿ٳе 
һǣŴӨһһҲš˷֡İ׵۳ǣƺ뵱ЩֻͬӵĴϡʱʱܼһֻȺŮ²ιŸ̡Щ·ľ¥УߺַǷ 
벻ĸ࣡Ҷ˳ϵǹЦţһ˫۾ǶҪЩ׽׽ͻȻҶѲز˫ĿȻһָż̵ѡµŮܵһ㿴ǸµС㣬ɹٹ貨ڽУǿԶŻǷǳɫȻɹֻǶе۷ɣʵȴ˿С˭ҪȢ٣ǿ```˵˵ţҶԼЩҲԴŮЩ뷨 
Ҷ˵һȻ˳ָ˹ȥҪʲôŮӣôߡ 
ߣģ~һſ˸棬Ө;СƺЩˡ 
һεĸɿȻﲢûʲô뷨ŲʶŮǲ̫òѾӨˡջĿ⡣װĿбӡ 
꣡һ⸶Ȼı֣Ө̲סЦɴû뵽һ򵭶糣һҲôһ档 
ŶŶҡһˣûأҪҲڵʱҶΪҵ࣬һüŪ۵ġ 
ȥӨЩѾһ˿Ҳ̲ס쭵 
ںҶžﲻԾӨ쭣ԼҲɦɦסڨڨЦЦһһˣ˸۲ΪΪ 
ûã˱˼ҹģĴı˽š 
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ʱתۼ¶ʮһ١ 
ЩҶϴŴܻæǲɿڼмΣһҲϣҲһЩɵ࿡ܻ˸졣ֱڣһҲûмµĵؽǲӰ 
ֻʱ˵ҡҶһķţ֪ͨ׼һ׵¥һȥӨʱȴ˵ȥ̫ҲûʲôãǸɵš˵ϸ־ģ徲 
һҲôˡҶȴǶⳡۻڴѾã˵ʲôҲԸٵȣͬҴҶȥ߻һ̫ˡ 
 



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       ֻʱʮҡһ˿ɫ߳šͬʱڵӨҲ˫һŰ׵¥ȥ ʵûþͰѰ׵¥ߡİ׵¥ƺǰ糱һԶһ¥տյֻźʿװſڡأЩ½ῡǣ׵¥ 
Ƭ̺һӨ׵¥šŵ߱˱ȭһʵλˣؽٿȻѾȷһµĺá 
оһӨƮȻȣæرȭشˣٿĵص㡣 
ǽڵӰɣһﰵ 
ǾͶˣ԰գһҲٶ˵Өֱ˽ȥ 
˸տţڵһΨΨŵŵ˵ˣ˻ʾ뺯ƺе㣬뵽ķԸ׳ŵˡ 
ʵҲΪˡĶЩʲô˰ǿɶǶ½ɾԵĺĵӣлеĵáĶ½߲ʮа˾Ŷ£һ΢޴̨ɵӸҵ˭ؽܱһؽڶֻϷˡ 
һͣ½Ų΢üﰵô鷳뵽ٿģҲɨӡοԼˡ 
ûȥͨһ£˵һһҲöͣҲֱܾӳȥ˵ 
һһڵеȻ뵽ʲôæסҪȥͬšȻһԭˣ룬룡 
У``````ҪȥĽڵӼæû˵꣬ͱе߸ֹסˡ 
һԺȻҲе֣ҲӨһͬ˰׵¥ 
һ¥æͬ͵һ½һĵһġ˵`````` 
˵СôùһӨ 
벻㻹Өڵӵ˽󣬲֪ص٩һ˿Ľʡ 
ǰͷһ΢΢˶ֽȥ˸ӡ 
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ףⲻһСӣԲǿ˼ײȻһûУϷȻ۹⡣Ǻǣúãֶ֣ЩûϢСһ``` 
һӨ̤׵¥֮ʱб漸״һӻһ׷糤룬ڵƹ̨һš 
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һӨ̤¥¥ݣѾŵһƬԳӵڡ΢ĽŲڵĻС 
λֵܹ٣ǿŶʱһ÷˻δת¥ǣһˬʵĻ 
һǺȻس˳Сܲ粻᲻ӭɣ԰գӨһͬת¥ǽ˴ 
뼸һͬڴλϵ£ԺȻһžһϲ鸡ձվӭ¥ݿڡؽҲֻһģæϡ£Ӧ㣬еĶ½ῡܶվСõĽʹڴ϶˿ˡȻÿﶼڲĵʲôؽ˱֡ 
һϵܣ벻㾹ȻΪ```˵ˣ˵ˣһ¥ͬʱ¾¥ݿڣ˫ۣһһݺݵӵ 
·ĵϲãһһж˫þµĺ󱳣ڵ磬Ƕ˵ģ𣿡 
ԣ˵ͷЩŵصȷˣǶ˵ġ 
컹Ǹлˣһϵؽ಻¶һ˿΢Ц 
˵⻰˰ɣ㿴ҿил²м˵ 
Ǻǣ˵ԣ̫ˡһҲ΢Цŵ˴ĽˣϻõġŶһ£λӨܵѾͷƺ䣬һæӦ˵ 
һָؽƺע⵽Ө΢ЦӨ˵ͷҪ˵Щ׵Ļ΢Цһ룬͸Ȼֹ˻ڱ˴пһ˿Ц 
һһģȻЩֻ̥˵Լ 
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ǰûģ 
ţлǲ֪֣ 
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˽ڴ˵ףϾЩˣȻ̫áʹ֪Ժ¿϶ܣȴ̲סĺ棬׷״ 
ɴٶˣ֪һϸļѾȺӭȥˣֻʣ¸һʥɫӵڡҪܣ±ѡ 
һʮ꣬վŵͷ˼ʱüһ˿⣻ʱһӨƺЩʲôǳȷ 
Ҹҽλѡڴʱ¥ݿںˣؽŴһ˵λҶ½һĽһӦö˵ɣ 
 
 
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ֲһеϤ 
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µĽܣ˷׷Ȼû棬һ֣ǳ˵˲֪ٱˡ¼ʱɽϵĸŸɶٶһЩøСǸ˸½󱲵һ˵ĳƺš 
һѺõĶЦЦһܺЦȴǵȥ߲ʮ⣬һʥȻûһʶġ˵ʲôˣһȻԸ΢΢еп 
˽Өƾľɫ˲ſľޡȻĲŮܹȵӨģҲһ˶ѡ 
Ϊʵ̫࣬¾һЩڰгɵĺ󱲵ӣܸһʶʣһЩûģҲԹԵû˵ʲôʼն᳹ǿΪ 
һ飬ɫǽ硣Ըϲ˺Ҷˣʦؽʦܳ䣬ʦýɺмĴɵӡһӨʮ˴һ 
һֵܣֵ֪ڿɺã̸Ƭ̺ؽʳ˱Ѿõ⡣ 
ؽʵһػҶѾŵֵһֱڵģܳȥһȥˡЩԹ˲ΪҶþòͻ 
ƾǵ֣ټİбӦòаȫģһǽͣҰο˵ 
ȷֵֶܵΣҿ˲ٰؽҲ˵ͷͬ˵ 
 



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       ܲ˵Ѿ𽥰Ѹɫһ߳ԣһ񶫴½̸ŨͻȻѹصضһ˵ҳ˵컹һϷɿأ ŶһԣЩһۡһԵӨҲʲôעеϡ 
һɻ飬ص˶ӣ˵ġȻ㣬ȵ֪ĺáʱҲܳ 
һϵƸŨˡӨֱͿֻ 
βϵرţһɫҲĴɻɾȣִӾתΪأµȴһ˼ 
оȵҡΣһعֵӨĿѾͷС죬һشԼԼصһ˿ԹһȻʧЦ΢΢ҡҡͷ£㻹ǲ֪ĺá 
ߣ˵Ͳ˵ʲô˲ġӨݺݵظһһۣҲһˡֻڨڨضӨЦЦתͷʦȥˡ 
ӨģһҲûȥοʲô˼Ƭ̣ƺ뵽ʲô֮Өһ˵һһֻ졣쵽дΧĸսǧȥϹ͡ǵñԼ˵һҲͣҶ̸ֻӨһͷˮƬ̺Ҳʼ뽪ɺһЩŮҵĻ 
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ֵĵŨ֮ʱһȻоĶɲǼ䰲˲١Щ̧ͷǱߡֻһɫɴ£׿ԽľˣմЦָһСƣƼ䣬 
ʱ˴ƺע⵽˴ŮжƬ̺󣬷׷˽ 
СҪ˾ƣ 
ɣ 
˵ߵģӲӼԴɫ 
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ССһжܵõ֮˹עǺص£ҲܷϴŮŷһӰһһڿĳֻŮ޳ݣϸĸǰ͹¡һͷƷ£û˿װΡȴһ׵ĸоһʶĻͷϸ˿ߵӨƺҪֱһ£ĸƯһЩ 
ߣȥŮҸʲôӨ˵ȻôҲβסĵ׵һ˿ۡ 
ŶһĻعͷȥ;ȴֱҶıָסˡֻһĶŴŮķ˫Ŀ˿ԼİĽ֮⡣ԭֱףһֿЦõĸо 
ʱҲһŴŮֻ߽ؽָֻˣ̬ϵŮ뽪ɺϵɫҲǲͬɺһֱ޼ع۲ؽ仯ֵ÷ǳϲӡȴһȤؿźŮӻڼ仹˼̬ 
λ磬ˡСô˴ι뾴һԱ貨ĸм֮顣貨ݺһ˫ˮ˫ֱɨˣͣһϡ 
˲һƬѻȸ漴ը˹Ͱ׷˽貨һ΢ЦִžƱ˿˵˫һ 
ŶԺ󲻱ᣬⱭһˣһߴҶʧƿתͷ貨һۣǰľƱȻ˵һ 
л貨ˣݺöٴ𣬺Ȼȥ 
һı֣ƺЩ⣬漴ߵӨеȻˡӨʱƺԵ÷ǳˣϵ뽪ɺߴߴ죬ʱʱһĽΪǷ˵ĺΡ 
ֻ»һ˼ӣŵɹڶ۷̫ˣƺҪһλأţǳѡ˵꣬ԹԵЦҡҡͷ 
磬˵ʲôһµѰʵ 
˫ĿһһۣԵЩصЦЦصûʲô£° 
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һ𣬴ˣҲˡǻЩ⡣ʱ¥ݿڵһȴǴ˲ĳ 
ٽ۵ƹҡزüһִЩһʥǿ̱ŵ˴Ķڻ˭֪Ⱥ׷ӿ˹ȥҪλô֣˼£ⲻؽĶ 
֣ѾͷԭҲȥմգһǲ糣ş̌СΣ˳ϡС죬Թһ 
ûʲôÿģһļһѣҪȥԱ㣡Ө⸶ίģһ͵ʱͬؽһؼ˹ȥͬȥĻнŮҶ 
Өһ˵Ҳֱ֡ת¥ݿڣ뿴һļһﵽ˭ 
µһµóԵͷǸⲻ˵ġһ 
ȻƬ̣¾һİһʥ˹һʥϵָӡǲᡣؽǰһŵڵأϵɫԵø䣬ƺǿɱ˵ĳ嶯ʱжߡ 
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תߣһְĿͶһʥϡģ˫ĿʱʱԹ֮ɫȻҲǱû˵һ֪û˿Ļڸ֮⣬Ǻʦ֡¡ 
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׵¥ˣһٴ˶žϴ񡣵һʹࡣΣȴָ֮ɫպգ˵󻤷һʮ꣬Ȼ˿ֻšƺһӴҪܡ˻ȫ˵ӡ֮䣬ʹýеĳֲսƣ벻ĽС 
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ǺõģžҲǴģȫһžҪ׵¥֮ʱͻȻоһιȻҲ˽ȥǿҵĿ٣ȻˣǸжǿԵġžʱоԼǽһݺռ䣬һһһһƽʱҪϲ١ǡܼתһİȥɲ֮䣬ܹסβѾǳˡҪƶǼֱǲܡ 
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ʱƾŶԷ硢ưƾȻԡ޶Դ֮ƾŹתһʱ䡣ƾŶԡ硯ϵľֲ˽⣬ܹݵټϡơǲ׽޿׷ѰƮˡǰֻһȴܹƾŶߵ򣬴ӶɵֶΡռ䡣ϧռıײʵ̫ࡣһʵ̫ѹһãͼķԪǼʱ䲻̫ãƾҴʱġֻܳӣѾ˿ˣϣѵǴԭ˹ŲߣҾ͵òʧˡռֻͬĸеãϸһߣһ¾Ͱˡװ˷ѹһһָһԼġס 
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Ǹֱ߲֪Թףȴԭزľ׵¥ڶῡܷ׷׵ЩĽʯֻҪǧ֮ڵͳͳ룬űķнʵ÷֮˦ޱʡ׷ƬնԵûҰ١Զİ׵¥ܵһӰ죬Х¥𶯣ƺʱᵹ 
ʼλؾֶսȻ֮ⲿȴûġȻⶼǿ¡Ͼ˭뱳޹ɱ¾֮ʱ˶ܹˣһȻơЩŽѾˣã 
ȻŭĲɢನܣƾ׵¥˴˿̵ľ磬ⲻ˻ֻ̻ϼ־ηģǶ˵ľηһ¼ȴۼ⣬ơ꿡ܣȻﻹǲôΪȻͨ죬Ҳ˸һһʵˡͬʱҲĸԸĽ˳˽һΪ½һһ˵ơһθоҫֻ߸νһУ޹Ҫչһͷһ쳹½Ҳǰʶ˼⡣ 
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ʱһһţһһڵءž޽ȴҲûг֡ 
ȻǴȷѪ߳ģ˼һյ˫ۻȴ¶һ˿Цݡ˲ܸоڲΣȴܹƾŶԷ֮̽һܹӦڲһС 
ֻž޽˴ʱȻһˣһĵ㣬ҲǷۡ˭֪ķȻյ㣬ȴǷ֮ƾ˵ľ磬һʱ̲һûСƺҲѾоʱţڵԴڲϼСⲿķȻҲ֮СˡȻ˹ѾҪⲿǰˡ΢״̬ʧ 
ǣռ˼򵥣ҪкãһصһЦ 
ȷռô׾ˣǻҪãǽռˣ´һȥҵ̵ۣһûˣҷȻףֻҪʱ䣬ҵõġռֻ㹦ҵۺɵˣһԪġǻҪԿˣⲿ˹ƴģڷۣԲУ 
һߵʱѾСһȦԵ˫ĿƣһһȥǹɰƣңԶ֣֮һֹϣɣصķΧ 
ƱഥһʵĲȻһ˲䴫硪 
¡¡~һصľȻǧ׵Ĳ޷羹Ȼ˲䱬ѡ˵ը㣬ԭ޷Ϊģǿᵽĳǧ֮ڣ񱩵ĺɨΧǧڵһС 
Ǵһ˿ЦһƮƼҵĳˣˣٿˡȴʼձŵǰĶƮƮ̬֮ 



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ͬǿȴȻ෴תȫײᷢʲôһǴȦСȦ˸ȫλĶײֻһը 
ұըķ۴ıԵҲһղŲԭǲڷУˣҲǵòʧ¡ҪһĹҹЧڷ۴ȴһˣըĵ㣬Ǵ˷ѹľؾֵͬʱȻûдﵽȫһҲ֤ǺܾˡⲿıԵⲿıըص㣬ΪɢȻûĵô󣬵ҲСȥ㷺޽žͬʱ̤ģһ˵ҲѾˡ 
ǶһҪ㣬ȻĻһԪ顣ڷƾԷ̬ӵеǿҲٿʹͷβδһĿơǿʹ˲ת˱ըʹԪһĿƣԼԪһǿܹССƵġ٣סԼˣǾԲ⡣ 
ž޽ĶˣղŻΪԼ˸㣬ȴǸӣǸӡŴ˷޼϶мӴޱ 
~ȼͬʱɾ춯صѹ˲併٣ȫ˹ȫȥı档ԶȥȻѵģȻһ޴ģӰֱ۴ϸС 
䣡䣡䣡 
صı鼸ʮ﷽Բ֮˷׷϶䡣׵¥ЩΪˣʹ֮ɫشƬ׻Ҹɫʻ켣Ŀռ䣬ѾͷһҲܲסԽ⡣սĵڶȥؽ״ҪֹֻĿӰƮ֮䣬Զ 
˼ͬʱ̾˿Ȼ˭Ҳû׷ȥǿɲӨ£ֻеϧϧӨĽ룬һţӶž޽ĻᡣҪ֪´οûôףʰ˵Ұˡ 
Ҳʲô뷨ϾûһСܱܲס֪˿ɲ֪ȥ¡ȻɱһһɱҲû취 
׵¥꿡ܣ˵㣬Ҳʲ󰭡ư磬׳۾Ȼ˷׷ײĿ 
ǲĿˣҲ׳ˡԴС籬ըĳȴǺĳ˷ž޽ˡž޽ʱ͸оԼǱٴɽͬʱײһ㡣ЩոӰܴС׷ױ֧顣ڼԪײɢನǧųǴһεĴϴ 
ǵҲȫãڲը˴ĳȷʵ˴롣ɻһСһǰļ˳ȥž޽ٴһҧϼͬʱѪ˹ȣǿ˼еı֮֡ʣĻܵЩʧӰٴθ 
 
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飡 
飡 
˵ͺųŵڵ㣬Զһ·ϸǴƬƬѪһޱؿ˷ԶһѾ׷ʮ⡣ν˰ﵽףͷ͵ 
һܵܣѽʱӨͻȻһĶڡ˸İӰȻһ٣һʱ˫ü΢塣һٵʱ䣬ӨѾ֮ڡ 
Ӱ֮䣬ѾͷŲһǰԭδĽնʱһϲĽޡ 
һܵܣû𣿿ɵˣһǰӨһֱۣߴߴʸͣȻֲ쿴һǲˡ 
ǰŮһԭ΢ֵȴôҲǹŶԼĸĸȻͬܰУһеĻ벻춼˲ʧ١ 
֣ط˷Өҵĳǰʶ֮εľɫŮ 
̫ҵʵˣ΢ЦЦһ˵תҪȥҶž޽һƬããռǻ죬ȴﻹ˵Ӱӡ 
ôõĻᣬϧˣһĬĬƽԶŵû˿Ө˼ûУҲ˿ûСֻȷʵÿϧôûᡣ 
Өûһ˵ʲôʱշ죬ͷأЩ֣һĶƺԽԽˡԼԣָ۵ĸоңԼжϣƺҲԽԽˡղţȻľǣסһ֣ġ˶ûиоһͻأ 
תӨͷһΪε¡ǰûý֡޹ǣС֣һоƺƽʱһЩ΢дĵůһĸо˵áһ˵á 
㣬ðɣص˾䣬һѾͷŰ׵¥ȥӨҲһ·޻ķǳɵһǣ֣Ű׵¥ȥȻͷȴʱʱĻһΣ֪뵽ʲôߵ¡ 
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һԵؽ겻ɫมһ˿΢ЦҲǷǳ 
һҡҡͷ̾һеϧҲν 
ԣؽٴλһۣԼͬİĿӨϣ¶˻ɫ 
ϧһ㲻ϧָĴЦ˵ĶԻѾͷδȴĺ쳱ٴθͷҿˡ 
һεЦЦϣǰɣ˶٣˫ĿƽԶһɫתΪ࣬ųʵ̫Σˣ 
ЩεЦЦ̯̯ûзԼҲףεļƻʵ̫ðաһ㣬һ㶫½Щδˡ 
ȷʵҲ벻ƾȻͣ㳲򣬷ֲܵĸɸ͹֧ԮˡڿҲǿСؽüͷ˵ 
ģǰǲ£ȻԶһûͣǳ϶ 
Ȼ˴μƻ˶½߲ؾϵĸ֣ҪٲУ̾Ͳôˡ²廰Ƿǳš 
һ΢΢˵ͷҲף᲻úײסǡƻȻ˵㣬½ĴǶǵĺ󱲣㹻ӵġ㣬İǸȦڡ׵¥ΧȻƵؾ֡һв𣬿ɼǵľġ 
 



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       Ҿ֪û¡һֵܣһûУҶֱӴӴԽ߱ߴֵʵʱ׵¥Ҳ¥ڷԽ£һ ˣһǼ򵥵ĻشҶһȻı顣 
```Ҷԣǳľһεҵѣղǿʲôˡ 
һνЦЦûϡоԼȻǣŵģ޹ǵСͻȻ˽أѾͷӦѾԼ˰ɣһﰵ 
ŶƾӵʵͬʱأҲɱһɣʱһԼʮңźµǰǳɻʵ 
һˣüͷȻһ塣ǵã½ܵЩоǰˡĳӡ⡣Ϊ־飬һڵӡۿۡˣ˼һ仰û̸ʱȴô⡣ 
˾ˣûΪʲôһػش 
Ŷ֪Ϊ½ұеĵһˡոԲǿӲ˿𡣶ôӵܣʵȻ޻ɡһԲ͵Ļش𣬸ȻĽ̬ҲԵüΪ 
ԣʮа˾ŵĶͷͬЩȴ˼һ⡣ؽȴüŸ⣬˵ȥ 
ֵ֧ɫȻĽȥǶž޽ˣȻڶĸ֪֡Ҳֻؾľ硣ӵʵٹ۷ŵսʹܰͬʱ£ɱһȴҲӦ```ˡֱԣĪҪǲгʲôܹԡָǻܹʲôҲڳڶɻ󡣡ƾʵ˵ⷬشһԡȺһĽ͡ 
󣬲׵ҲŪˡǰˣⲻϳѽˣ׷һҪõĽ͡һЩ֪ʿʱҲŪ˸ⷬʵ⡣ɾе벻ͨΪʲôҪһѵǼʣҲ̫ˡ 
ˣûץסôһ仰һٲԡӨŰ׵¥ȥʱγ˸˼شΪӨ£һʱ飬ˣȻ˵ʲôҲ˵ʲôһ뵽ԼΪһŮˣݶ½С˵󲻴˵СҲС˵ӡʹۿۡȻںЩһҲ޾鷳ⷬ⣬һǼסˡ 
һ˿ûϣǲΪ˲һ˿ЦеΪ½ұеĵһˣҲӦдҷ緶ҵȻѵ˵˵еĹؼҽһ䡣Ҳ˲м 
˲ģһǰеĽŲһ١ 
٣˵⣬Сʲô˼ѵ˵һֵͨвɣˣûһֵܣ˵ͱž޽եһˣһֵ˵˵˵ʲôммģܲɡүҪʱ˵һֵ㣡ҶʹеֱҲüĿˡִų 
ҶĴ󺰣˽ԾʧЦȤˡȴȻ治ɫҲȥĻˣһıӰ 
һתҶЦЦŸҪڡ 
֪һʲôڡǣˡǰһһ֮ǰ˵ 
͵Ϊֹɣؽ˽ӿڵ 
ԣǷ׷˽һĹϵ˵ؽѵҲϵǳԵƫֲò¸һλˡʵǿһ£Լûǿ޵Сôǿĺ̨ԵúҪˡ 
⿴ؽҪһȥ˫üһȻϾɣ˵Ҳûȷĺ̨ʹڹϵǳڸҪԸˣƿʮа˾ţΪһ˺Ƥǰλ治ǡɵ뽣ڵ治ԸԵġ 
֪ε¿˴ˣЧǲ٣һˣѾһĸ߰˷С 
Ҳû˼ȻӲ˵ǸĳͲҲգȻĻشƺûб˼ֻʣ֪벻֪ν 
ߣ˼ΪҲ֪ΪǴ޳ܵĵܸܵ־һܵڲҡֺηãһܵΪ˲ҳ£Ե׷ˡ֪ҲӦʱܹȥҾûסǴҲҡƾʲôָӨôãԭеھΣʱҲܲסһ֣ܵǰߵһԶ˵˳ 
һһûץסҲȥˡӨ˵΢ŵ̾˿ɫȴԵȻ˿ûһзϡ 
ԣԾһԭ滹һ¡ֲ```ʼһҲɢȥ 
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ߣʱһֱӬһǣӨߵؽ 
ŶСôˣҪλ֣ɳʵ˵ʱ 
ߣһܵ¶֣ȻˣӨش 
Ө˵ⶸȻ¶Ц⣬Ц¡ 
Сܳһ֣λ޹ʳ֣û˻Űɣʹ֪λߣΪʲôԵ޹ʵӳءС㻹û˵ص㰡ⲻŲæص 
ѾԼеüĿˣȻ˶ȷ׷׵˽²澿ʲô¡Щ˽־ԸˣѾˡֻЦ־οߵˡֻ֮Ϊ־Ϊˣܹģʵ̫١治һĴ硪⡣ 
Өԣʱһ뵽ʱ龰Ҫô˵Ƭ̺ȴԲ֪λششţ˵ֲ֪Ӻ˵ֱ˵˽Өˡ 
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ˣһһ絽ӨߣĻٴ֣˸һۣȻת뿪 
ߣܸܵ޳ܣѾͷ߻عͷŸôһ仰 
С㻹˵ĺãôԺʲôᣡ˵ıӰ˵촿ҪЦܵܵѾţٳҲνͿһӨ治ˡ 
ûеǡ 
䣬ֻӰһȿ״ͼһֻϵѼӰ֫סţȴ˿ܸı״Ϊ͸Ѫϳ壬﷢Ľ 



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       һб٣ŸĲһƽĳ һҪɱ¼״ֹ漴ĳȰ˵߼֮Ȼ޳ܣϾҲֻڶӡλǰ˾صġô˵ǻǽ֮һﲻȴǱԼҲɱ˸ĺ 
Ȼ³־´μһһֵ˼ؽҲ˵ 
ţһֵܣ˳һپˡɱ˻д鷳ģ㣬ΪֱҶҲ˵ˣòؽһһǱ 
̶ȣΧ˲֪ˡԹԵֹͣ˽һԹķչǿɲȥǸùͷ 
ȻƽŲĸ⣬һɫȻĿ¡ʵЩͷˣѾͷίģһ𡣴ʱһǷǳмȻûз֡׼ 
˸Ƭ̣ͻȻתͷ΢ЦЦ漴Ŀ׼ӨԼ 
´˱ϻȷʵ̲ס죡ֶţֱˣһ˵ 
ˣһͷ΢ЦʱʱһɡֻҪ˲ʲô˵һֽⷬȴǳǳĽ 
Χһ󱩺һɫӰˮȴһ 
һ֮ƽĻӨȴǽȻͬƺ˲ܶеĺ⡣һůѾͷһ֣Ŵдĵůһξ˰ɣ 
϶̶̵ӨУǰ֮ĸ飬һҲܹĸܵõ΢ĲٴƽϢָֻƽʱĵ 
һ˦Ǹһ㱻ӳ׿⡣û˸ȥһɲǼס˸ѨʹʱȻɻˣΨһ³ֻǵĽų죬˼¿ 
뿪֮ǰһôһ仰Өٴ׵¥ҡҡͷ˽ȥؽҲĬĸȥҶȴߵʱѾĸǰͷǱĴЦƨˡ 
ڵϵĸ⣬̾˿ȻûһȥһѡԹԵ߻˰׵¥ȵȫ߹ˣû˵һ仰ֻɫ࣬ˮ˫ԹľⲻϱԵƬ̺󣬲Ű׵۳ȥ 
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ǣĺȴֶߵ˼ӡСһе˼׵¥ǰһ֮ʱ漸ǧ׸ߵƲ֮Уһеڸ֮У̬ɢŵֳһ˿΢ЦĿ˰׵۳ǵĳ⡣죬ԿվһɷǵߣԼһ̬ƮȻˡΧһƬңƺһҲӰ쵽ǵ飬ɫޱϲıĿţѵվ硣 
СһﵽҲġ´ҪپʮԲһսҷǵðͳͳӳֻش½ɡԲȻôǿֻش½澭ڡųˣһĪţˡССֶѣùܣǺǣùඣ˼ѵóһˣȥֻش½ûгּ˲šţղǸһСһͷǳϾ̫˵㣬дɳǧҪ;زˣȻʵ̫ϧ 
ǸСһȻͬ죡ţǸҲֻǿϧ֮Ĺˡ 
˶٣źڵ÷ƹµĺһתͻȻתΪḡ׽Ҫпգȥӵĵ̹۹۹⣬ôЩûʲôö``` 
䣬ǿռ˲ư㣬ʧ١неּһĻһᱻŵɫǶǰסƲ㣬ȥٴ˳Ȼ΢磬Ʈ 
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ٴλص˰׵¥Уԭλӷ׷Ȼûٽȥˣ˵ȴû飬Ȼ뿪ʱ¥ķԱþ⡣ǰ˫սನЩͨԼЩְʽ˵ġֻԼ֣ӣ˴̵ͳͳӳ˴⡣¥˲һ塣 
мλϵ´ʱؽôҿڴ˴ε¼ô˵Ƕ½Ĵǵڳĳؽ˸һ֪⡣İٶ꿡ܣҶнɺ䶼Ǳڹġ 
ؽֵģֵҲ̸̸δսľ̸˫ĵʧĻ̸һ̸֪ʦų½һĵһԵɫŮɻٲֵˣȴü˼ţʱʱİĿؽһֹ̬ 
һؽΪѵӣҲܹ¡ҪԵģ˭Ǵ˴¼ķأһ£˵ʵʵ˵Уüƽ̫ࡣ 
ʱ뽪ɺҲеСһͷ˼ţƺǷʲôһôһ˵ʱȷ˫ԴԹֱؽҪǽЩʲô 
ŮעӵؽЩȻ漴Թһǵߣ˷ֱһҧͬʱվ˿ǲ⡣Ϊ֮ͬûܱȵһȴһˣͱСʵȴҪǿǡƽʱȻ˵ô޶ءҪΪٱһΪ˵Сҵ£ǾԲܵġʹǶ˽һЩһԸҲ֪һǡȻ˶һǵĿʱԼое㺹գʵ̫ˣʲô˵ģԼҲһ 
źߣҾһһʰһ飬ƽ˵ 
µ˽˶һӾԼͬİ߼еϡ 
һڵˣûǾõȣ˵ȣҪ˵һʵң˵֮ǰҲҪ졣ʲôʣº˶٣Ҳ޲š΢˵ͷȥ뽣λˣȷԣΪǺ󱲵ӽȥ˵սǻδ֮ʱȴǷˡԭ򣬴ǰѾˡ 
ԭ֪˻ѽ 
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       һб٣ŸĲһƽĳ һҪɱ¼״ֹ漴ĳȰ˵߼֮Ȼ޳ܣϾҲֻڶӡλǰ˾صġô˵ǻǽ֮һﲻȴǱԼҲɱ˸ĺ 
Ȼ³־´μһһֵ˼ؽҲ˵ 
ţһֵܣ˳һپˡɱ˻д鷳ģ㣬ΪֱҶҲ˵ˣòؽһһǱ 
̶ȣΧ˲֪ˡԹԵֹͣ˽һԹķչǿɲȥǸùͷ 
ȻƽŲĸ⣬һɫȻĿ¡ʵЩͷˣѾͷίģһ𡣴ʱһǷǳмȻûз֡׼ 
˸Ƭ̣ͻȻתͷ΢ЦЦ漴Ŀ׼ӨԼ 
´˱ϻȷʵ̲ס죡ֶţֱˣһ˵ 
ˣһͷ΢ЦʱʱһɡֻҪ˲ʲô˵һֽⷬȴǳǳĽ 
Χһ󱩺һɫӰˮȴһ 
һ֮ƽĻӨȴǽȻͬƺ˲ܶеĺ⡣һůѾͷһ֣Ŵдĵůһξ˰ɣ 
϶̶̵ӨУǰ֮ĸ飬һҲܹĸܵõ΢ĲٴƽϢָֻƽʱĵ 
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ǸСһȻͬ죡ţǸҲֻǿϧ֮Ĺˡ 
˶٣źڵ÷ƹµĺһתϵɫǻȻתΪḡ׽Ҫпգȥӵĵ̹۹۹⣬ôЩûʲôö``` 
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ؽֵģֵҲ̸̸δսľ̸˫ĵʧĻ̸һ̸֪ʦųǰͻȻðģ½һĵһˡԵɫŮٲֵˣȴü˼ţʱʱİĿؽһֹ̬ 
һؽΪѵӣҲܹ¡ҪԵģ˭Ǵ˴¼ķأ 
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ʱ뽪ɺҲеСһͷ˼ţƺǷʲôһôһ˵ʱȷ˫ԴԹʱֱؽҪǽЩʲô 
ŮעӵؽЩȻ漴ԹһǵĿ⣬˷ֱһҧͬʱվ 
˿ǲ⡣Ϊ֮ͬûܱȵһȴһˣͱСʵȴҪǿǡƽʱȻ˵ô޶ءҪΪٱһΪ˵Сҵ£ǾԲܵġʹǶ˽һЩһԸҲ֪һǡȻ˶һǵĿʱԼое㺹գʵ̫ˣʲô˵ģԼҲһ 
źߣҾһһʰһ飬ƽ˵ 
µ˽˶һӾԼͬİ߼еϡ 
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һδƽһ𡣵ȴǳ쳣ˡڶһɵŴԣʱһԽС㿴֪أΪʦŵİŲġ 
һַǳֵĶһ˱Ƚϣһ˿춼ʧ 
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һȻޱ飬Ȼš˵һһӲĸйۡ۲쵽Щʼ֮ʱûһһʶῡǣʱһԲһüͷ壬ʵ벻ʲôð취ؽ΢ҡҡͷɵ̾˿ 
λֵܽǣʵҲ̫ࡣֻҪĶЩʲôˣͿˡǵʦп֪ܲ˴εļƻʵϣλǰǵıһġҿǰŵı֣ȫƴˣΪ˱Ƕƴڵ뱱ʮʡڵǰΪγֲˣˣǵĿĶͬģֻ֪벻֪ˡ֪Σǰɺ˵ģ˶ӣͽѡԣ֪벻֪ʵһ 
һ޼ƿʩе֮ʱݺڶŵ꿡תǶϸ貨ЦչؽȥʱĳѵЩɱҿ϶д뷨ɣѡҲشλ֡˵ǲ԰Ĳ̫ࡣҪ˵ۣС֪ҲǲôҲȲشѽ~ǶΪΪβܣ˵ǾĵС 
˵ѡҲشλ֮֡ʱЩԭ꿡ǶЩ̿Це㲻Цı 
˵˵ǾĵС֮ʱ˶Щȷʵ۴ķȣԼȲؽǶգѵԼͱǸ߹󣿶˼һŮ壬ѵԼ߳жȲһεεǶ 
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ôҲû뵽貨Ȼ˵ؽԺ󲻽һȻ漴ͷӦŶԷͶȥ˸мĿ⡣ 
һ֮ⷬ״λͷһɫŮӡ΢ЦЦ˵ͷʾѺáԺҪˣһڰԼѵˣ˶еġ٣ڶԷûѵľٶ֮ǰ 
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һĵͷ΢Ц貨ǻһޱȵЦաȻؽ΢ɼص˵ͷʾ˲⡣ 
Ļ᲻貨˵㲻ʲôڶ۷еĺ󱲵ӵУǿӰԶƾľɫһЩһɵ꿡֮вСͷΪ۷ɵӵݣȴ˵ôһòƴȻĻԸ벻ԸЩﲻܣͬΪ۷ɵĺ󱲾ӢҲؽ˼ƽˡ˵Ĵæˡ 
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ǺǣСüλֵܸǶ½ѪԺжĳǾصĺܣ˵ʲô۲۵ġһУΪ˶½ΪԼļ԰ԣ˶ѣ㣬˵ 
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ȻˣǾСķʽȵóԵķȵǰǹ󣬴ͳһ顣ԸСóķУȡ̣Ӷȷһ˵õļƻ 
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ǰǺݣٷ⡣ˣҲһѡ 
ΣܶȨ͵жΡ 
ƽʱˡ棬һǷޣ𾴡 
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Ϊʵʵܵ޷ܵķ⡣ 
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ͬʱͣסǰеĽŲǰľϳֵı鲢ǡڻиܵ˿˿ܡȫŵĻ⡣ 
ӵ˴ˣôľվԭءԲжƺڴ˿̣ҪȶգѾûзֺӰ졣ôվ`````` 
׵۳ǡʮﷶΧ֮صǧųСԭżƵƵŽαȵľ˿ѲڡԳΪԭ㣬Ǹʮףκİ׵¥뾶һƽԲһƬ̹;ԭ̾ʯ棬ҲӰŸǶʯȥϻƺɫǧ֮ٴؼաϧǣûɢ̺ĲӴãѱʵĻ򣬺եˮݣȥʣµģǻҰ׵ɿݵǡһƬƬư׵ĳⱾȵĿٴһݿݼš 
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ˣֻʱңһ΢յ˫ĿȻصһ䡣 
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ؽԣٴηų˼С˷˼ֱǧסƬ̺󡪡 
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ôҲˣһݺӴĳֻӰƮȻһ鳲ͶĻ 
ǺǣôѾͷˣϵ쳹貨硣Բεϣµε䶯һһ̵ġȻô˵ţһ˫Ŀȴ͸¶޾簮 
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˴͵͵˿һĲһµʶ 
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һ˵Ŀģμӣ½󱲶սǰֻ̽ᡣΪû顣 
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ڸ˼һҲӴ⡣鷳鷳ֻҪСĵ㣬һСˮߡ 
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ڵڶ꿡ܰ˰֣ʾⲻöֶһĸɸֱ˴˵ͷ 
һһ˼󣬾һֱվһԣҲûй 
תһ㣬ѵõĴһ˿΢Цֻعͷڵˣ˵˴εļƻֶ뽣ֶѾ˵ˡ֮ôΪֵǣҲǵĳǣһɱӸ˵İࡣҸǣ˴εļƻǳɹǵðգҲǳֵá 
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֪б˵˶Ｋ䲻ˬͨĳЩ˵һǿ˲٣վô֢ʱһԼðգƺ½˳ķ˶ս£ȫȫ׵׵ȥеĽᡣ 
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```ԺһȻ漴׷׷ӦԼ޴ؾԲǿ߲óֵǰ£ôʰġ 
һۣԲǿ͵ϮȴֻһԲԼڶֲʸԵСȻǡɽű٣ɵ˸˲ءĶʲôˣľŲŶµĺ󱲵ӣѵһؾ֣Ϊʵڵùûӳؾϵߣһ 
Ȼ׼ռ˾ǿơԷؾִҪӣǿ£ҪǣҲһҪܹʰؾӣѾ϶½ʤˡԼȻɱʯӶʿδʵ̫Ц˵㡣 
 



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׵׵ķˣȷһؾͬıʯʿȫȫϡ£ǶֶϽžģˣڵʱҲ̫ԶݣԭĬĬվһԵһŴԣȻɫҲЩ΢Ĳ˫һ˿⣬ĵ׷ٵķ 
 
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ǺǺǣ׵µĳ룬ʣЦſڵ⻹ֹȴλŶԣӦλѾͳһ´˴εսǾǡ˵Ļƽ𼶶ʿСһǰСһڻشɣС 
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źߣ~һ۴Ұ˵ȴ˵ս⣬Ǹش˵Ļƽ𼶱ʿ˵£Ϸ˲δսһ°ɣ 
˵ǲЦı飬˵ⷬսǱȽġ 
˭˲֪ʮǰؾ۷֡ƣףͨȻҲǴվڶ½Ľ⡣һȣ֮£˭ҪϰȻȴӲǰλɳΪԲµһ˵İ£Ĳòһ¡սܲԺ 
λڵڶ꿡ȴûӦ 
һ죬˴˵ľ˵ǡ֮壬֮ǧЩ춼ûǣȻΪɵӣ֪Ҳּ𣬵ֻе˽⡣ֻ룺ִ֣ͬһ֣ͬǺ޷¡ʲôֵġ 
̸£վһԵһüͷƺڻЩʲô֮󣬱Щ֮ɫȴδڶ˵ 
СӣʲôǲϷ˺ûãǲǾ֣һ˾ʰԵףڵСûӦȴǺ⡣ûָЩСҲܹϸ΢˽춥𡣿۾һתһü˼ӣɲˡ 
һȻᣬѾͬĸȻһЩİԼҲҪġֵͬɣ̣ܲʸף 
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Ȼ֪ǰ뿪Цһɲǻȡ֮شطǳλȱ˶ԷӣҲ˸ϵȻΪͬߣһ 
һ˸ӣҲϻο۰룬ЦǺǵصԭˣҲֲ㡣شȷʵǷǳصģ 
׵̬Ե⡣ 
ŶǰǷСӽɣСҲʶһϵ׷ʵ 
̬ϸԳ֮ɫ 
ǺǣҲûʲôˡҾ͸˵˵Ҳ޷ѵǼվ˵һ̯ԴȤص 
״ǰܻʣЦ̬˻һһ㶡ȻڵΪжţƽʱҲǰǳ۽գȴǼ 
~һ౻׸ЩʧЦ 
λǰµʱĲ˽ 
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شȴΪصһѾصûһ֪ǵڸ֮ƽʱҲûһشȵ˵ 
֮԰Ž֮һΪԳΪشȡɣÿһһˡÿһˣҲ붫½ɵȨｻãһ᲻ʱһЩҩ 
ڵġת굤ʵڵǰǣɵҩҶ֥Ȼڻشȣƶɵġ 
ΪÿˣʵڡֻҪԣشȵһųôʵضؾϡǰһ˾ͻʧǰ֪١ɵȨشȵţԷ΢Цҡͷ 
ΪÿŶֻشҽҩ졣شȵĵȻʵҲȺϾεӰ¡˿ɴû˵شȳŻĵӡ⣬ҲһЩҰļҵ졣 
ʮꡣһڵʱǳǿĶ۷ɸ߲㣬ܵľۼһҲ֪Ǵ֪˵شŵ٣·Ҫ˵شȵľҽҩ 
ȴϣȥȴǵδա 
ڶ죬ԡμؾһؾһؾĳǿϣȫʬҰѶĸɸָϵ·ֳȴһ׮¼ΧȻûһսನҲû˿սĺۼֻʮʱĸ֣ȫ¶֮ɫ˯һ㡣һ̽Щ˵Ϣȴȫޡ 
ɸַ׷׺Ȼ˿ֲֶΣôܲľ 
º󣬴ڽдøǷзһЩ΢֪ĴɣȴǾڲἰֹ˵໥̸֮ۡ 
ι¼Ϊû˳𣬽Ȼɣȴ޷ȷҲ֮£Ҳͽıʱ䳤ӳ嵭ˡ 
ӴԺ󣬲֪벻֪ȴҲûʣشȡڽ֮һˡҲûˣȥʲô⡣ 
 



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       ׵渽һʱʱĵͷڵڶ꿡ܣȻѾԻشȵ֪һܶȴҲû˿ģ֪ôϸˣҲǷǳ档 شȵȷصģһпصȴţ͸¶٣½ˮ``` 
ǰǿĻشȡҺáǣƽʱǷǳѺõģôһνҲǸпˡ 
ˣһûǵսأһתٴοڵʵĶ࣬˸ˡ 
Ѿ֪֣Ҳɱһ˵Ļƽ𼶱ʿȴ֪ˣǷҲȻսԷ׷װתǡ 
¶ڴ 
븱˷ǳδ¶Էһ䳤۵ķƳܹܡطεص 
ܵÿ죡û׷ϣطɵĻ䣬ԵķƳǸӿڵɫϲ˿֮ɫ 
ƣ׵ԣ΢΢ص˵ͷʾ⡣漴ת⼸ˡ 
ƻ˿ãôʧˣһںʮʡڵѲ졪ͣյش˵ 
ϵܣѾˣԼѮɫʮʡڵܻ֣ޱؽӿڵ 
ԣź֮ɫ 
λԭҵˡ֪```Դϧ˵Ͷ˸ 
ֺα̾ĳҲֵܵЭ£һһƽʿ״Ժ˵ϧǣžǴ޽ȴ˵֮֡ʵڿϧ 
ԱϣϧҡҡͷҲǴӱ˿Ŵµġʱһ˵ 
Ŷ~ԣЩɻؿһԵһһǼǿԮɼȻԮѾˣƾһʵҪеһˣ˳µ¡ȴ``` 
ɻǳ֮ʱû˷֣Ѹٵһ˿Īľ⡣Ҳû˷֣Զ£ͷ֮ƣ촽ٵ䶯Ƭ̡ 
ǺǣҪϲˡ쿪ʤ顣ǿǿˣջδӣͻȻڵ 
Ժ΢㶣ǫңң 
˵ŲңȴǺ֡ɶԷΪβ׷ȥ 
ֵùϲֵùϲͨԴһһۣ͵ 
ţڲǫѷɣȴǰɣ⣬ֻˣֵùϲһ㶵ףɵĿɨˡҲ͵ 
ȻɣȴҲڲἰһ֮¡ 
аޡ벻ͨǡ⼸ôͨ˵һΡ 
Ҫ˵֪һ֮ףҲšɼȻ֪Ϊʲôԭ򶼲һ£ҶĲݲˣ 
֮䣬ҲǳסԼἰʧڵķ緶ˡң׷£һҲûʲô취һһѡ 
ˣٿڡֻҵض˲ϵصͷ 
ȴǲ֪ʱ֣ĳͬĴ㡣Ҹ֮ˡһУ˵ѻһءǸ˵ǡͬģ 
һٴθоӨ޹ǵС֣ץסԼ䡣 
ֱһض˵˵ͷ뿪˵Щʲô 
ˣǶ½ð˴գд˴ơ۴˴ε¼Ѿӽβܽҷؾĸܼƾضģʮ֮ࡣˣҲؾ֡ؾʮ֮ࡣҺãҷһڴۣΪصģǽǧųǣЩ֮ͨաǣдߣСڡΪ½ǵֵõġҲǱҪġ 
˶ 
˶̬ͬƵ˵ͷȥ˴εսֲܹ½ʧǣǣвɵġҪ֪ս㷺ҡпĳһ죬ǵĳˡЩпңҲпǵĸףʦʱǽʧȥǵıҪԼ档½ҫɵҫΪߵҫҪԼȥ֣ȥƴǡûУ 
˵ɫ 
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һĬĬƣսǰܶԱݽһпǧųǣһͨգ˲ءƿУȴֻȼ֣Щǿʳõ䷶ 
пҲֻǸпѡһôˣܲп 
ȻһҪʲôʲô޵еĴҲûо˵ģģʲôԡ෴ֵ޳ɡǰǣЩУҪѡ``` 



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׵˼״ԥķ׷ĽǣĿǸڶ꿡ܣ䵱һ» 
ԣֿλǰжʱը͹׷ 
˴ĳ棬˴սǾȻͬǶжԼܲ˷ܣܲȸԾ 
Ȼд뷨Ҳμⳡ顣ǵȵ˴棬Լĳǿ϶ġڵ֪ǾȻȫ֮ʱ˵ʱζӡ 
л֣̿к£ЩİϲģǶԴս˷ڴ 
˷ԼȫڴǣԼڲúĴսܹչ֣ͬóרǰ 
Ϊ֪ߵؽˣЩȴ˿ͻأΪ˴ξۻķߣߡ˼ͬʱʵصȡ˵˲䱻ѹ 
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ڻܽȥ 
ܲµ⣬ɫʿװŵӣޱվڴ롣ѽ𷢱ۣ͹£Ϸ֮ɫ櫣⡣ 
ÿҲмҪѰʰɫصŭ 
ʱ˿˭ܽȥ²ҪΪҵȣŵޱ飬ص 
``` 
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ǣŵŽյķŹػӦͬʱ˺һó˽ŵĵ·ޱص룡 
ڴʱյķͻȻ޷Կ 
ߣ~櫰ޣҲûʱ˼ƽϡһݺݵصһۣ𼱻ǵ˽ȥ 
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⣡ 
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ҰܵϣԼظһ˿΢Ц 
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½ˣ櫶ʵĴ⣬߰˷ֵİյġȴ``` 
ɴ뵽˺ܶ࣬ܶࡣ 
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úϢպƣתɲǣ촽΢˵ 
¾ϣص˵ͷûпڡ 
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Ǻãǽķ򣬾׷¡أʱӦ䡣һûʲôʣ˴ʵ 
Ƭ̹ûһٴοڡ 
ܺãǾˡؽҲվɫص˵ͷڵλֵǣʮʮپۣ 
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ĽǣĿƣ׵ȾˡĬĬع۲Сǵۣ۲ǣΪһͬ˴ģ˴ͷβԶûпԹһ 
ֱʱ۽ǲСɲ֮£ԭƽ޲ϣ˲һ˿οȴȻûпڡ 
һȻڣı֣ȴ뾲Ľǵǰһʼգûпڡ 
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һ᲻⣬Ҳû˵ˣ֮ĳ˶֪֮⣬ҪһˡֻǰǳԶԷĿߣȴöԷԿ֮Ѿ˲ݵĵزкο롣 
 



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λԵƬ̣һ˱ȭߣƺ׷װͶһ 
λֵܣһһ󡣡ѾҵĹעһ˵λֵһλáֱ磬ңŶֵͬ䡣ССʮꡣмҪѰǡλֵһתһ˵ʮʮǰһǵǡϲˣȥһʱ鷳λ֮£һм 
Сѽ 
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һٴα˱ȭʾм 
뼸λǰҲһעһתһȦһĽǵģλôϤǰҲ˵Ȼ⴦һԹˡָһҲûԷҪϺʩ֣Ѿһˡ 
ӣѾڰˣСӲõġʮʡڵͨӻ 
һû뵽һӦľȻλڵ΢ٴصԷ˱ȭ 
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˷׷׻ӦһҲ˿ֻҪһ˿ģҲǿһ̫ࡣ˷׵۳֮УҲûܡ 
һ˵ⷬԻĻٴ 
ҽϽģ׷ҪõѸԴºټЩҽԶģһŽĴ㡣 
һҪȥ𣿡߽ʵ 
Ҵ㽥ؽӽǣһ·ٴһ·磬ǵϢһŽߵѣ¶һ˿΢Ц 
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뵱ȻΪһһս»е˽һģһһΪǣӶ˴ս⽫һǳΪѣȰ˵ġ 
ȻΪе˽һĸԣûȰ˵ֻһ䡣 
һᣡһע£նػشûнΪʲôԼľԼС 
ǣѵûһ˽һ뷨 
ţصһļ򣬵˵ͷ 
һȻ΢Ц 
һֵܣҸһвҲʦһ顣ڴʱҶҲСʵ˵߻ͷڽơ 
һȻʧЦ``` 
УδһػӨѾһŵ 
ҶԣڨڨЦЦͷƤ߿ 
üͷһһֲ֮ɫ 
һҲǲУ㲻˵Ҹû꣡ߡӨ״æתڵ͵͵سһһ¡ 
һᣬһᣡ˵õҾǡ·תҶظ֤ 
˶Ըֱ֮ˣͨôЩദ˵Ҳôɬ 
```Өֱ˸ñݰҧ 
ˡͬаɣ·ҲϸһһӨĻ΢ЦضҶ˵ 
ãһֵˬ죡Ҷ˵ 
ߣӨŭظҶһۣһûٿڡ 
˵ĶԻһֲ©䵽ƵĶڡСʦܵ±çӡҡҡͷҶһǱȽϷĵġҲûпֹ 
һֵܣʹ˸ˣؽƺһУų뽪ɺˡһȭ 
֣ºټһ 
ǣ 
ǣ 
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Ҫ˼ڣȻ趨ˣϸϻҪúõġ£ϾҪˣһ¾ͻ¶һЩߣ 
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ЩǵдַĽṹһ֪һ㣬ȴͨõġȫĳַѧLE 
СҪӣҶ෢пϵҵĽŷǳĴٽáνԹ塣˼ 
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       ɽвԭɽڵء ȵչƬ򣬼ǰǳսżȻɱ档 
ֻǲǽƱڡʯѻɵСɽ洦ɼЩ϶ĵϣǲ˴Сͬǳһĺ˿ӶһЩɢأҲʯ棬ʱʱֺֺܷİ߼ 
˴ĿĵģԭߴＸǧɣƵģɽڵɽԭƽضΡؼĸɽ壬ʱȴǱһм׸ߵСɽ𡣲һһŵСɽ𡣹ͺͺɽ壬ͰĸӣΧЩĸɽγ˼ǿҵضԱȡһìܣĸܡ 
˳ӿǧɣʱѾ׵سΪһƬ档ճ˵ֵطǱҪӦûʲô˻ٴι˵ġȻʵȴǲȻֻһףһһӰ۵糸شһɽдܳģȵĿٵŴ˵رڶ 
˼һĻﶨʣ˭أҴĵӣԸٴĵĵط 
ǵף˭أ 
ݡݡݡХӰѾСɽɽ¡ 
Ŷôȥˣһܻģһµ磬ҵƮţ糾ضŶ˵ 
֮£ԭɫӦ°֮ɫʱѾ˳΢ơԭ⻬գʱúڻơ֮ϣ£ƬƬϸܵغѾƤλʮ꣬˼졣 
֪ģ磬Ŷֻ룬һɫȹСѾͷϸ絶˫ϡһ˫ԭаش۾ʱȴһ˿͸ıСɫϣ촽šһ˫С֣໥εһ 
ŶǰһƬ֮ʯʯķ档ƺЩ֮⣬κ˶ľʡԣ 
һɫ۵ңļ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾һ 
ɫ㲵ңһۣ籨֮εĿЦ 
·죬Ѿĸˣ˳ѰһҲнµĹ⾰ŶȻѾٳ֡ʱţһѶŶȴǱⷬģ 
ţϵķż¶˼ĻҡһУңʹ뽹Ȼȴ޿κΡ 
˴ڳһ·һ·ѰʵģȴһЩ佭Ķߡżϸһ֣Ҳֻɵɢޡ˸ϵ׵۳ǵǶʱ䣬ҲǸɵӣӦԼۻǶʱ䣬·ϸ·֮Сһż뿪û죬һӨȴ٣ʧ֮ۡ 
Ϊһĵ͵£Ϊ½޼ʣƾãͷѰңȻ޷һټ 
Ѱ٣һ 
ʱѾǰˣǰͻᵽ˵ΧŶףңԲͬǰϡ 
ŶСȴҲûȡ֡ķ֮УһķȻءҲͬԼķң硣ǳ⡣ΪľǿӶʹеκһ˳£ףԺһ֪ˣһġ 
ŶѾЭˡ֮ǰ̲סҪ￴Ƭһദ֮ءȻӷңĻصڡȥھصȴһĵ 
Ȼ֪ȴĹ̻ж೤һ£һֻ꣬ǡԶ 
***************** 
һ΢ 
~ 
ΧȺɽϵҶҡҷţɲǼǹķɽӰƮƮػڣĶƻʵѸסÿһƮ֮䣬ǰǧס˿ì֮ 
ף~һᣬȴؾȻǰͷһ˿зͬʱƮȻһôƮԭء 
ֻȫһѩ׵˿ʳȹһ˿״ӯӯһաӭ磬絶ƺһܰ޳͹µľ˸ܣ 
ۼпϧǡһ͸İ˿ɴȥաͽ롣 
С㣬ôˣͬװȴѷŮͬʵ 
ǿǱߣСḧ˿΢ʾ⿴· 
ŮѣСʶǣƬ̹󣬺󷽵Ůӣһɻʵ 
ôԶĿóʲôСŻشȻĽЦ԰գҲͣٴΰӰƮһԾǧסֻǣȴǸĳ˽Ů 
С㣬```ּӰ֮ϡ 



ʮ Ů

       Ŷ߰ɡ˵һѾصˡżأᲽƣŶѾͷ磬ص һģŶĽ΢΢زһ¡ڳбѡףķ磬ĵ̬ŶǣǿЦЦת档ص˵ͷ 
ݣ 
Ӱ䣬ŶѾӳ˼ʮס 
ңһۣڱ˴˵УǿģǳλΡĵ̾˿ٶԡ縡ƣһһӰ֮׷ȥ 
ñȷ۵糸Ǻط˫ƬƬرԼٶȴ졣ȴôҲ첻ֵܵĵģõĽǡʹ⼸ñκʱҪѣκʱҪšӶҲ˵ķߺޡ 
һУɵġһУǴġл``` 
һڣһһЩ־ŽԼڱеֱ``` 
Ƭ̣Ѿ뿪ǧԶ 
һ΢紵ٷڣñֱĳ 
ãŶͣ£Ȼɫ㣬ҧ˲ɫͬʱѾ͵һתһؾǰʮŶһԷ췢Ļ̻ȻϡٳŶͷ 
ңԣǧ֮һڣѾӦԭ͵ףȻɱĿƬƬ˵ľ⡣ʱֹסǰеĲȫ˫ظΧĶ 
ŶȻ˼ؾڲŲʡǰеĽң˰ģѾֹסȥơ 
أŶͣµͬʱѾԼ֮ڡ 
ôˣ磡籧ڻڵŶЩɵػһܡ̧׽ʵ 
ûȥŶʡ뷢ŭţȻȫ䱸ع۲Χ 
ӰһңҲѾϵߡ죬һͬעΧ 
ܻһƬ֣տտȴƬƬ˸ߵʯ⣬ûκһӰһֻҰҲûСһУһϷ 
ûйڡ 
˾ôشԭءȵϣֲĸΧ˵ȴʹ֮ 
£ǶһҲǲܡ 
ʱһһţɫԽԽѿɱŶұۣȴǸ 
```СѾͷ̧ͷݳš 
ɣ֪ΧʲôҪģǣšȻûŶĻɫصܵĿտʯѣ˵ 
ңҲȻϽػܡͷžûлɹʲôԼֵܣǱžԵΡ 
Ŷ棬Ҳٳһ˫Ŀʼ۲Χ 
Сһ档С㣬ͱٶˣȻһŮ 
ˣطתͷ˲һǼʮԶʯѡ 
ʲôˣĸʲôȻɫ㣬ɱصͳȵ 
СֵܻСйˣ˵̾͸ûꡣһŮֻԴȴǻһλ 
ңͬʱɫԭѿɫʱܵγˮ 
ǰѾһӵ˼Уۼѹȥ󣬶Էȴƾյʧ١ֲϵ˼̽ΧȻȴһ 
ȻûеġǳԼֱйۡѾȷΧһһ켶ĸšңһ֡ 
ȫȻطţƶ˿±Էлɳá 
Ȼʱ֣ԷȻֻϣ綼ҪԼ֡ãԼȻӿ졣 
һңŶûܡǧҪͷ統ϣնش 
԰գҲ˵ĻȻɫ䡣ֻһˣǷʯ롣 
ɲǼ䡪 
޷Զ˫ƽ٣˫ĿľâΧֱ۵Ļ켣޵Ŀת˲䣬֮ڷɳʯС粦ض 
أ~``` 
಻ռʱһƬ硣֮һڣС磬һֱƬʯϯȥǧ棬ڵƣݿɨƽһϰ 
һǰ 
ʱңҧһŶұۡ˿ż棬绯ΪƣƮƮûǻɵĳ޴ڵŵԼֺˮ㣬Ծ֮䣬Ѿ˰ٶס 
 



ʮ ս

       СһûȳֵŶԴСˣ˺˵Ĺǰ࣬ʯŮɲŲæҵ˵ ʱ 
˿˿ɵʯɢʣƻ쳣ʵѸؾˡ䣬ʮ׿ռѱ⡣֮ 
һоֹ 
ЩڿеĳֻǱΧס磬ȫƶ 
֮ء 
һƬѩס 
ʯ棬Ʈڿյĳͳͳһס 
ĳƮգǹʯȻֹЩʯȴȻһƬ״ͣաǰһƬѩס粻Խһ 
ǵģ 
䣬䡣 
һɲǣ߹ʵĻƺҲƬռ䡣ҫ۵⣬ѱ㵭ױ⡣׿ռ֮ڣ˲併¡ 
ûнӴЩѾλһؾĸָо˴̹ǵĺ䡣ôЩסܺ 
˵ĵ£ 
粻룬Ҳȥ롣ֻ֪Լ־ܣԴСҪȡʱ䣬Լܹѡ 
 
һسХѡĪġתΧԭѾǳµİӰ죬ԵЩֵؿ٣һХٴλ 
أ~ 
˫ۼѵؾͷ޵ԪɢӴԪʣµһȺǳ˷ҩ㣬ڼٵתٴμ١ķХܼǧ׿ռ䡣ǵС磬ʱһ׶͵İ͸ʵ塣 
˫ͷϡ 
䣡~ 
һװغֹİ͸ʵ磬ʱһ·ƬƬʯ׷ƺƵƳբް 
򡪡ʯѡ 
¡¡Ʊɫ 
֮ͷƤըر죬òʯѺŮü΢Ӽ䡪 
飡䣡 
ʯڲǧըҩ鶷ʯ˲䱬ѳɿſͬƮڰڵ֮ǵصĳ硣 
һբޣڣһйأư磬ƺƵ 
񡪷硪ѣ͵ഥɲǡһȡ߾ͷ˫Ȼ죬޵ĲʱͿԽ˼ʮ׿ռ䣬ݵƬƬ֮С 
䣡~ 
֮ʮ﷽Բֺñı죬ŵ͸ʵȻըѡСʵȻͬʱѣƬɢ͸УЮ˲䱬ըĳֺõײӭʯ 
ˣ䣡䣡~``` 
ɳʯ찵ء 
ԭֻӰٶ׿ռĳ˲ɢǧסײĳȻڲͣӡ 
ʯӣĵ棬ǿӿݣñȷѡ 
߰ƣ߻졣߿ǰŨƷ໥Ϯ໥ײš 
䣡䣡~ 
ޱ 
Ļֲֻһ룬ͷˡƵİȳϮûÿһƬ򣬰ڲͻӿ仯״α仯ڲξҡȴʼţƤ˿ɢ 
ֻоһ޿ɵЮŻ̻ɽԼоӭƺ֪ܶס֮ɵ˫ǰơ 
ЮƾΧܵԪ˲תΪĿǰܹתģ֮ǿ״̬֮ϣ 
ǰѲͬǡ֮һ棬ա֮ϣȴǷ֮һ棬Ტáߣ֮ʺԼս 
ƾƳǵأӭĿҷ羢˲ϡɱ棬ֱҵķƶ 
ݣ~``` 
ƽ洹ֱڵؼתšʱ 
ɰٴ 
ʮ׿ռڣЩȥľ磬鳲׷Ͷ뵽ֵĵ㡣ŷڵת켣ڵ⣬ǿµ˦ķ 
飡䣡䣡~``` 
ǰʮΪ޵ļ׺棬ٴһγϴ˦ķУƬǧٿ׵أٴ´ 
ϣ䣡 
һ 
 
֮ŷһת֮಻һһĿҾҲЩԵ 
˫ƽƣ졣ϷĳΡĹЩáǾ˫ĿȴǴʼսŹ 
飬һƬᶨ 
ԭʱģܣܡȻ֪ܲܵõ 
ܡ 
һУֻΪܹжʱݡ 
ƴҲϧ 



ʮ °

       ң磡~ԶԼŶľɫ˲ɷסһϣԲתʱЩ΢ͣ͡ ԭѾЩҡҡ׹ҵ֣Ź˲֮ͣͣһڳ© 
ʱ̣©롣 
ޱ߼ʵİҵͻƵǮˣӿʱֻԼһ䣬ƺдҺűƮƮطɵ 
ǣǲݣ 
ƺŵһϲҪһЩ飬һϲҡ 
ȻʱƺѾһϮһڣԹȥ 
ݣݣ 
Ӱʼֻ˵Ůӣ˳ץԣȴȻžƮɰյ硣 
ӰٴԾѾǧ⡣ 
************ 
ǧ⡣ 
һۣȻֱָǰİŮӡһ˫ĿʱʱתץϵŶңѾģĿ˿˿뵣ǡ 
ݣݣ 
ŮӣԲ̵СһȻ̬֮ 
ԶȻŨƷ˵أȴһƬ֡ԶƺһεĸĤ˿ȥһһԱ 
Ŀ԰׵ϣȵĸ˿ܻϵľӨ˪ǱѪ͸İǷźз⣬˴Ŀġ 
һ漴ȻŭȴΪ϶Ρ 
⼸λֶǾк𣬾Ȼ´˶֣һϡɼĺ˳̣ΪķŭѪһƤµĺɫߣŭĿԣ˶ɡ 
ڣƺƾɣ㱾˵ǻʵˡǷŭı飬Сüչ΢ʵĵ 
ǲ㲻ùܣǶñҵŮΪڳϣ˵°˶ŮȻ㲻ݣѾƽȻ˵ 
֪ƾԼʵҪˣѾ̫ܡΪоǰŮӵľ硣ƾؾʵȴоԷľ磬ʲô 
ߣѾܵǺŮӣȻҲͬĸ֡ڹϣƺҪôһ˿ 
һҪˣƺûʲôϣ 
ƽֻƾڵŶԷϣԷɵʵӶ֡ 
С㣬ĥʲôأǻȥɣŮеһλڵںƺһȻ 
ŵôԣƽɫһ䡣˫ĿֱԷֳâѸתȴضסˡ 
ı֣ŮҲǲҴ⡣Ŀصɼ䣬׷˹䱸㵭İ͸Χ¶˲併²١ 
Ҳ˵ʲôݻƾ½ϵڣС㻹ûͷİСḧ˿˿˽ŵϾƷ 
ԣ˫Ŀ羫â뷢޷ִһ¶ 
~Сһӣͳķϣͻһӣ 
Ļ䡣ֻԭе磬ٵ׷ɹ 
Ѿ׼ֵæջ˾ۼĹһ죬ȫӲޱȣ䳹ǵ̵С 
ݣݣݣ 
ССӣСʹˣСԶƮƮ֡ 
ӹ磬ͼѾѸԶݡ 
һҧֱֽ硣Ӱ˲ȫ׷ȥͬʱұһӣһʮ׳ѽЮ˺ѿռƣһȥ 
ǰеİСüܵȼǰٶȿϲٵ׷Щ͵˻֡ 
ʱһɱ֮ŮŨٵİȻƾն 
УУ 
ƺռҲ˲䶳ᡣ 
 
ܹϬһʵϷش̶ֻ˰һףʹɢ 
ߣھݡɱֱС²ˡֵͬʱСͷҲص˵ӱ˴˵İٶ׿ռ䣬ֱӴĶڡ 
һȻ 
԰С赭д䷢ӵƣһȻȻûͣǰеĽŲ΢٣Էٶȣñ˴˵ľ뱣ҡ 
ӻѸͳһСָϸĳͽͲָͲǣһ˾ݣһɫĹâʱƿǧ׸߿ա 
飡 
ɢյգγһɱɫƶ䡣׿ɼòϢ 
С㣬ƺźţӰеһ˿ڵдЩŭ 
Сԣü˵ٶǰУ߳˼Ƭ̡ 
Ƿˣƺ˾С΢һչŮӣٶȻӿ켸㡣ʾ裬շɣԾ䣬˱˴˵ľ롣 
ɣ 



ʮ ¶ˣһ

       ֻش½½Ԫ16꣬ʮʮգ ׵۳ǾǴԼǧ·̣һԴ˵ϢΪбʣٶȻϲ١ճ٣ҲҪϵˡ 
ʮ£ѾתʵĻƺҲûǰЩǰ㾫ˡɫĹϣͨҲܡ 
ܵԣһׯڣĴ£ϵطɫĲˡЩһ꣬ճɵİǣȻԼҵæµš 
һĿԶһƬ͸¶ٵķĵ̾˿ 
ΪˡЩũǣϵ顣ƺûΪҪճɶϲáһľ͸¶ŵĺۼһ˫˫ϼƣͣģеظͬĶ 
Ϊλˣ 
ΪﶼףЩջʳ߲ϵҪϹһƬصЩԷΪĴСǾãȥһЩݵǣȴҪǽеʳϸȥάһȥάԼǵͼԱ꣬Ϊ˹Ϸ˶ĳɹոһգ긴һꡣ 
׸ײıһ϶šԶ˫Ŀзٵһ˿漴죬˫Ŀͻأ׾⡣ 
㣡 
һܵܣ˵ʲôأƺʱһӨ׽ʵ 
ԣ˫ĿԼͷȻһװһƥɫѾͷЦ绨ϲĽաһ˿᲻һĵס 
Ѿͷ΢ЦЦҡҡͷһûлػ 
ˣһֵܡҪˣʱǿҪúúһ⼸춼ûϸĳľˮȵӵ춼ˡ̵ģҶƥɫͷǰͷѲͣϹšʱͻȻعͷһ˴ֵغ 
ԣúúһ 
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ҶԵˣԺ׷Ӧ 
ߣҪԼȥһܵܲŲЩƹѾͷԣŭؽ 
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ȻÿҶãӨķЩĪϲһδ޵ĹҲ˹ѽ 
һֿҶŸ㣬ֱס˵һӡӦǹأֱȻꡣ뵽ʱƽʱϵĻһֻһ 
أһͷʹӰɣһĬĬ˼⡣ 
һ·ʱֻʱʮҡһ˲رıǰš·ʱʱܹһЩ۵ߣ˵ɳ۶ 
ЩȫװĴ磬һ֪ǶǸȥɽسǵġף½Ĵǰսǰĸּϵ㶨ɽسǣҲǱȻġΪСǣϳɽܲ˵Ĵϵ㡣Ϊһ 
Ȼԭ˵ΧԶ½ȫѹԼôµԴǱ¿ˡ 
ƥƥһȺķٸϳԼˡų΢紵ϵ˿˿ˬһͷһʱҲƺ 
ʮʮ컹ҲŶǣǾȴⳡս˵ɣһĵװԵ 
²ѣҡһһˡһء˵ʱǳսȻܹϡûг֣һڶ½񽭺еĸ֣ŲŵĶˡ˵ʵټİбĻʲôΣգ 
ףǰֵ֣ǿȥ͵һͨˬ֮ʣǰҶִŵδ£ԼѾ˫һһȥ 
һֵܣҲȹȥ 
Ƭ 
һǰֵ˼й۽˲١ʱԣҶз˹ȥ 
ֻǰĹٵϣͷУبڴ·롣߽ƥͨеĿ϶棬Ҳͣһ¾ưܵѾ²ᣬԵð߼ĳᣬԼһİ֡һ֪һǳг 
һܵܣҲȥ𣿡ߵӨԴؽʵףһ˫ˮضһա΢ģЩ͡ 
վǱưѾͷһЩֵǻ̲ס棬ҪһΪ졣 
 



ʮ ¶ˣ

       һ΢΢̾˵ͷ˫΢Уʱӿ١ ```ӣ֦ҲѾͷһеϲá 
Ϯ棬·˲յʱѸ 
ǵףǲã˷ֳһվǰĺ´󺺣ִޣ䳤ҫشȵž 
˵ͬʱг޸ǻӳաƺԷٲãҪˡ 
ʱѾвٵ·Χۡһһˣͷ֣Ｘǽʿмڰ·ϳǵߡƺ£׷˫۱ڶۡ 
ǺһȴǿͷϷֱһ׵׽ߵǴ졣룬һĺɫ½֣磬졣ǸŰ¼׹ʵսʿȫװɱڣһ֧ս¾սϵľӡģǼ¶Щּһ·ϰѼӲʯ·ӡһǳ棬װһЩƷ 
Щһһݣһųɹǵȥ򣬷ȥѼƽԭϣ˸ۡ˳ΪѵͲ¶½Ĵǣ߳ŭɱ 
һзǳףЩǣ˴οǶˡ˭Ҫ뵱ֻļǾԲġΪ˴󵨣ѵ޿֣ 
һͱԶԡһǡǣЩ˻ʵǡ 
Ժ´˳вǳеϳŵಷ 
ȻֵǣϳȻѾɫҰףŵðûпڡû˿תͷ·ľٶôֵŶĺ´복ˡ 
һĻΧ۵һʱͷԡȻúʮӨ֮̽ġѾͷ͵͵طųһ˿˼УСưĳȥ 
³ʲôþͲǵĳɱǵˣߣǵñСķľûάƬ̣ﴫһŮӲ͵Ľ 
һüͷ΢ɫ⻰ӦóһŮ֮ڡ仰к⣬еĲ𳵣ɱˣƺǼҳ㷹˳ڶ 
```ŮĻϳڳ 
Ȼһȴưܳﴫ˸ϳĻʹΧ 
飡 
ưܳɢ 
ݣ``` 
ľƬǿҵľ磬ûͷûԵķ 
 
Ӵ 
``` 
ýϽΧǴæܲѡ 
ͬʱӨһʱò԰ס 
һϷһ˿ϲ漴ȴһδһ͸оһĻ̻װѸٳߵӨ 
飡һæؽеͬʱһչӰѸٰӨ˼׿⡣ƽסӨţ˿˿ɫԪ鼴ʱš 
Ƭ̣ѾͷǲҰ׵ɫԪĽ룬Ҳ𽥻ظ˺ʵδܶˣֻɥʧһ˿˼жѡ˼Ȼִ֮ɽɥʧһ˿ȴҲ޴󰭡Ǳ¿һţʱͷһҲ͹ȥˡӨ֮ɫҰףǱͻѹŵġ 
ӴⲻͷҶվȺУķѵվŵֹ꣬ 
ƺûע⵽ԼĶҲڳУֻżһӨ뵣֮ɫȻΪһǣһС˵ѡԼģûˡϾʱ̽˼ǿȣֻǳ֡ңԷҲûз˿ĵ⡣ΪЩӽǹͷŻղסֽšȻԵ磬һǡ 
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣ʵһж֮ڡ 
ȵ˷ӦѾһվûгڵ֮СԻһ˯İꡣЩȽϾߣǷ˸ոջڳеһӨʱȴǵ˼׿⡣ 
һȻ 
Ǹǰĺ´󺺣վ·룬һƺǰһĻˡЩسʿǣϣ¶ʹ֮ɫضڵϡް۵ͣ 
Χ۵ȻҲЩɫҰ׵ģȴûһЩʿǱֵǰ㲻 
ҲˣʱƺͨڡһЮԪıȣֵŪ 
ݣ 
ӰЮһ˿̹⣬һѾӨǰ 
ǣǰЩңڣɫ֮һԵЩΪͬʱҲڳУ硣ȴûпңŶӰ 
һ˿ӹһͷ 



ʮ جģһ

       ܣûбס```һʣɬ˵š һ˲䣬һͨˣԼĺԼһͬȥǵ䣬ԼȴԶԡһɲǣֻص˰ǰصǸɽȣصԼ˺һĴȣصԼ˷Ѻ󣬴߰ŵĺͯĵĶԼʵ²ѽ``` 
ʹûڣĻΡ 
ʱھסǣʲôҲǡԼûƬԴ``` 
ǧô 
ǣȴûкҩɳԡһѳɶ֡ 
ôΣôڡҲ޷ıŶң°粻֪Ľ 
䣡 
׺䶥 
Ļش𣬾һͻأػһҪɫʱòҰףƺҲ˲ûҰ羲ɲǣһжԼһĳɷһһûǣôվԭء 
ҡ 
ӿԪʱһĿơӿ񱩵ز 
ǲŶһ棬Ŷһڼأ~ŶÿŶꡣһĻ 
أ~һ磬ŶǲǺûãΪ˹ĲٴŶԼʹޡʮꡣһĻ 
һ磡״Ϊ紫ŶԼֱۿĵĽЦʮһꡣһĻ 
`````` 
ÿԼ֮ʱСѾͷ߷ɵһĻĻСֵ֮ˣһĻĻƬΣǰ㻮һԺ˵Ѹ٣˵ 
𣿾𣿡һỺػգһʧǵ 
ǰһĻΧ۵˶վһԣ˿ҳ 
ܣһƬ֡ƺûз֣ԭʣʱǷƼʻᡣڵƲ㣬׷׳ܻ۶Լɱ棬ųβĿ磬Ҳӿڼǧ׸߿ϲͣŰ໥˴ͬǣ˴仯·ˣȻû˿о 
·Ȼģͷ͡ 
ʲôˣҵСĵȻٴδŮĽȡƺѾһȴӰ졣ƺЩܲ˴ʱĳš 
ȵͬʱϵĽƣһû֦չṲ̊Ůһ°Ϊף˿Ϊϣݵ³ȹǰգҲмɫϧǣһᣬ˫۳ĸ߰ȴƻһŮӦеţͽ 
С㣬ȥṲ̊Ǹ׻δѲһܡһܺڣһͳԽ 
Сԣһ䡣漴ƽϢ˿߰˵˫ٵѲһܡĿͣ˸ϡ 
ʲôˣΪεС·ɬԵͷ飬Сͱˡ 
С椣ʲôˣҲʵģȺеҶԭΪ״Сϣһʱеͻأ֯˵ȥϵһС椾Ҷϸ˲Ա¶ָŰǰС㣬غȵ 
ʣ```С㵱ʧɫ˫תȺеҶһɱ⡣ 
ϵȻŵԼӵŵͷ­΢΢̧¡漴תһϡͷβ鶼ûκα仯ҲûȥѰҶڴ˵Եɡ 
𣿾```һȻԼ統Уһһ仰˫ĿնɫҰ׺ˡһѱӨĺû˿ӦڵԪԽתԽ죬ԽתԽǹӿһйǧƣһʰ 
ԪԴһĿƣʼһ޹򱩶ʱǰ̾ڵﴦŨţǧɰ˿ԷؽŵĪĹ켣˶ 
ڣŷƵĹ켣ϵתš 
ƽʱһ޷գֻ߸δֵģɬת켣һڷٵݻšﴦŨİԼΧǧ˿ת켣ĲϽ𽥾ͬںһ 
ںϡ 
Բͬİɫϸ˿ɫת켣Ĳݱ䣬ͬӶںһ 
䣡 
ڱˣеһܵһı졣 
ˣ 
˼ڵξ壬ʱǱѣɫ˲ޱ޼ʵ˼ڰҲͬʱؼһ˼ѸٻȻɢһӸйǱ˼ЩһڵԪ˼ɲ֮䣬ͳͳǿеջء 
 
˼ʱգһȫܷıݣҲκεĹϵ 
ұȫ 



ʮ جģ

       ˼仯ͬʱ һ˿ɫıһڡƮƮʡΧƬİԵø롣ôһϸ΢ĻȴǸһַľ 
ϣɣѲΪɵİҲС 
磬嫣ֻɢ,ǧеĲ׺һڡ 
ߣ 
ƺֻʣܹ˿ɢϢڰ޾ģؼ硢ƱԴԵİһ˿֮ɢ֮ܵĹ⾰ 
һλѲԼ񣿲һλ߲ž߱ģϵΨҶİƣ 
Ѿ׵ĸݻɷ硢ƱԴԵԪ飻໥ͬ໥ںϺĲһسδ֮ʱУ߲εıԴ֮һ֮ 
ݱڼںȻС 
˿˿``` 
ɫ˿ͨݻ£׳Ϊ硢ƱԴԵİ˴֮໥ںϣϵɣϵӡ˿˿ĻһԶŵ飬ڳ˯֮ȻԼĺǾѡɵ˫ǰԼ޾֮ǰֻɵĺӣЩŭŭЩԼ˯ĺӣŭǵƤ 
䣡 
ĻϸצŲϵѲ춼ǰĿռ䡣ҪֹЩϹֵĺǼԼֵܵϢ 
䣡䣡䣡 
ڳǵϡתݻе޾ȻһͣתٶȽػ 
 
ܲХĵȻһʧǧռһƬ谵ɲ˰ 
ڳ˻Ȼѣ׷̧ͷȻڵա 
ֻǧڵʣ˲ѱŨɫƲ̸ǡХƬƬŸ߿յĿ磬ϵر仯ŸԵ״λá֮ѣʱӿԺ˷׷¶Ȼͷٶһۡ 
壬Сǿѹͷ£ԳƷС˫ĿԹ֮ɫֱҶȻ壬ȴȫһ 
СӦ½½˷ŮɣҶ쵽ҪôңСһٿڳԣӢҶʱҲƢԵط̵ 
û½˷οŮ˵ˣ½ҲһȽϴ˶ѡԼö½һɵĳ֮ӣҪ˶ԷǲЦοл``` 
ʱ½С˫ᶯһ¡Ƭ̣ԭʢ˵ĽȻɫԾŵϵһۡ󣬾һȥе壬ȴʼûг֡ 
һڣһɫҰףޱĻ߶С׶ٵ۾겻һ˫ʮצĲҰָ˶͸¶һƬɭ 
˶¡΢ŵšͳвϵɢɭҰ׵촽΢⶯ϵıȻû˿仯 
զˣ½ҵС椣㲻Ҫү𣿡½СıͻȻ˸һٰʮȴת䣬Ҷеˣٴγĺ 
ǣ``` 
ΧһƬЦȻʶҶѾףҶϵƺø󡣹Ҷ˿ûиԷӣԷȴмɵܲ¸ʮ֮˾š 
 
½СҶ˲ķ̣ʱǵͨ죬ݽҧס´Ҳ尵еȰ裬غȵ 
ͬʱż棬ƴӰѸٹʮ׿Ҷ 
ҶˣȥɣԵĵͳ˵ͬʱұӣһâʮ׿ռ䡣 
¡¡ 
ʱ½СǰҶĽʱٶ󵹷ɡ 
飡 
³½СĽųر˦سڡҲûϢ 
С``` 
С㣡 
أ 
ɫԽԽҲԽԽХ˵ĶڣȻܸı䳡ྲաȥ½˵ľ⣬˶ûзһ˿ 
е㲻ͣźӵ˺ȵ 
䣡 
ڴʱһǧ绮ʣյǧ﷽ԲһƬűһǹĺʹǧ֮ڵĿռ䶼΢𵴡 
``` 
˷׷׾г־֡˫ڶʡ 
ֻǰǻɫƣ֪ʱѾŨ֮ɫα䣬λڼŨī֭ĹƣѾ֪ѹ˵Ϳմ·ʱͻй¡ 
˹۲ϸͻ֣ᷢǶͷƲ֮УŨīڽתš 
ϧûܹд˶ܹʱʡ 
ԽԽѸ٣ԽԽµƲλҲҶ࿴æͷرܡ 
ΨһģҲһһˡ 



ڰʮ ׽٣һ

       𣿾𣿡 `````` 
һ죬˫Ŀնĳá죬ۻաЩʹ֮ͷĿѣƲãƺûһӰ졣ﲻϵظ仰 
ߵӨֽ˫ֲϵҡһֱۣвϵؽһ֡һȻš 
ʬ⣡ 
һڱƽ쳣ʱ˿̣ƺκҲܴ־κҲ޷еıˡ 
֮෴ǣһڴʱѾǷ 
ЩɵĻԭƺҪֹļںϡǣҲȷˡŻڵĲߣԭתԽԽİѾƽϢ 
Ȼеһ춯صȴǸıԭȵ⡣ƺΪһ쳹ľףܵؼввǡǣֱǹͬһ 
һɲǣԶţ֮ʱļȻѡ 
Զţһཫعءع飬ɲ·ֻɷ硢ƵıԴǣǽ׵ʧ׵ıǵıԴƿ̷ġ֮Դֽ⣬ӶΪؼײıԴ 
֮Դ 
һΪ֮Դǽ׵ɥʧһ˿ӻδ֮ʱеһ΢Ǳʶ׵سΪκαԴܹɣκαԴܹںϵ͵ȵĴڡԪ 
Դָߵ͡ 
֮ڣΪء̫գΪءغϲһ档 
Ԫڣ޴档ԣһֱԴȻҲؼûεһִڡһЩѧˣܹ޵ӶͬתΪԼһЩֲﶯڻԵɺ֮£ͨķʽҲܹǱΪáһУͿɼǵı 
ȻеͷԸߡΪ޵ԣ뱻λҲʹ޽Ŀԡ֮УǷÿһܽΪռĴڡҪǵˡ 
͵ؼһµɲǣһڵĻױѲãҪٴ˯Ļ˲һڿ񱩵Ҵܡһŭݵأ 
ŭŭ 
ӦתٶȵŻٴαǵǺƺƵʱڡ 
Űϸ˿Ǯŭŷ硢ƵĹ켣ٴηݻת 
һ˿˿˿ 
`````` 
Ƭ֮䣬ɫͨѾɷƱԴİںϣӶɡǱԨֺñһӳ˯бѹĻߣŭ𣬲 
ȻҪ֮ԴвΪԶʱڣδ֮ͬڵġ֮ܲܲŭ 
ǣǻļǵáǵõ֮ʱڼƵֵǣڤڤеǿƷֻһǲϵķֻշֻΪһЩʶĵײڡ 
ǣǱȽ˵һЩֻʱֻΪؼĵڶȱԴ֮Դ֮ԴӶһЩԭеʶ 
ʱƿ̷֮ԴȻҪԼֻΪؼΪ͵ȵĴڡ 
֮ս 
¡¡ 
İӿĴķһڵϸ˿ڶһĪת켣֮߻ϡ˿˿ɵɡű뵽ΧĻ֮У뵽ǵľŭ֮С 
ǹѩЧӦŻŵĲǵ־ŭҲӵļҡŵݻתںٶȣҲڳżٶȰĵݽ 
ǱԭֻռСƬռĻţʱѾа֮һСˡ 
¡¡ 
ǿ``` 
 
һȣ½Сıˣǵǿȴûг֣Ҳû¶һ¡½ҵƣæİѲееһϿóλá 
ȻںХɫҲԻ谵 
ûһѵӨ߻Ҷˡ 
磬һܵôˣӨӭſ磬ſǻҶ 
ʱѾͷʵǼˣɴûмһⷬģУһԶǵı飬϶£ҲܹȻ֮һ̩ɽǰ治ɫĵʱ``` 
Ѿͷȥ 
ȻпХӨһûнƵĺȻȫšϾһ֡ 
ӨĽһӦĲҶվư֮ϵ 
ݣ 
ӰѾվһǰ 
************** 
һˣС״̬ѣһҲдȥˣǸ 
һ£ͬĶ𣿾һһ£뵽ģǶĵֶߡеĻðݣ˵˵дϲʡʣҽдȥˡãҪˣһֱ䵽ôҽΪֹ 
 



ڰʮһ ׽٣

       ǻҸطţ취ѷκúд㣡ģһܹȥ°ŶңİŮӣһ죬˫Ŀնʧǵӡ沿һ鴤ǿѹͷ뷳˵ 𣿾𣿡 
𣿾𣿡 
`````` 
üͷ΢壬е 
𣿾𣿡ߵĺУһȻţ˫ĿŨīƲ㣬ϲͣš 
һֵôˣӨĺʱҶҲѾ߽˵ͬʱһļҪѡȻҶʱ͸оԼһƣݺһͦڵص壬һ㲻ɶҡ 
üͷ΢Ҷ˾ٴμ˰һҼ硣 
飡 
ͽȻ 
һɰʱӰ䡣 
 
 
`````` 
һֻܵһɰɵȻƾնЮһ˵ӭǡһȺУһҶˣֻһصӨǾߵڰɲǣǷ׷־֣ɫȻ 
Ϊһ˲䣬Ȼͳͳʧȥ˶ԼĿơȫɼЩǰԶԼȴֻüһ 
ΨһģӨΪʶֵͬʱͻأһ˿졣ǳϤ``` 
Ȼƺ뵽ʲôУӨȻһֶʱһֵĽȻһݽȻѾ뵽ʲôжཹǡڴʱ˿̣ѾͷҲܸı屻ԶĽ 
ǲ㿴ɰƺһֳܡֻڳʼͻһ֮Ҳ֮塣ҶˣӨ֮е磬һˡô޷ģյĸԱŸԵƣһ˲֮ڣһխذͳǧ֮⡣ 
 
һͷĽɫʣȻ⣬յǧ֮ڵĿռһƬѩҲճ˳沿Ǿ״ı顣 
 
 
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֮˷漴Ȼ¡һٴΪʵǣôʵƣٶҡ·ڴ˿̣ЩѾٺڵĻٺƬƬٽλλƲ㣬ܹʹ֮ͷĿѣŻ֮±仯 
Щ˾ô죬Բҡ 
лһˣΪѾȡǰĽѵҲԸٴ̧ͷ졣ȻôصˣôһֱʣƺҲûгʲô¡ӶܲסжһЩջٴ̧ͷ˳˵Ŀͷա 
ɲǡ 
ٴʵߣ˫Ŀն׼֮ʱĿȻһ˿ڵᶯһ£ƺҪתƷӶֵľ 
ǣ 
ûгɹǱס˰㣬û˿ת漴ߵ˫Ŀкڹͽڵ˲ɢ򣬾ͽȻĺڱʯ 
Ө͸ 
Ƭ̹󣬱ʯĹ𽥰ֱâɢľ̿򡣶ϣʹֶһһִ׵ĹߡԲҡ 
ʱܹע⵽˫ۡͿԷ֪֡ʱĤӳ֮£ͷѾһŨúñҺ壬ī֭ĵ״С 
ХƲ㻻λҲҡںĵоһ޵׶㣬ַתš 
ܵĺƲƷɶ˻㣬ϵıȥϵǰ̣಻ 
⻹ֹƲı⣬ƺǾߵ޾磬Ҳһߣ׷ƾʧ˵սľģвܹЩķƣΧ޵ĹߣΧ֮ڡ 
ɰٴ 
ʱī߹ʣֱ֪Сܹһ֮ĿֲСеһƺҪͨһĺڶ£˶šˣеˣҲ֮ 
¡¡ 
յĵȻ죬ǧ֮ڵĿռʱڵ˶ʱǶҡξɫѾȫȻδֲָĵزҲֻܽżԶһ˿Լǰ 
أ 
紵øӼɳƬռ䡣ʹɫȥԻ硣 



ڰʮ ׽٣

       ˴ѾǰıлعȻв캧ȻһΪν²ѣ߸߹ Ҳ֪֮˶޷ıһɨգԼʲôʵ¡ңѹûҪܡж֮䣬Ѿ׷״Ҫ뿪Ƿ֮ء 
磡ôˣ͵Ҫͬеĺһ뿪֮ʡȺȻһ 
ѭԼĿһΧ۵ĺ߱һߣϵҡϵĺ 
ôˣ 
СɣѰ 
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Ӧһ㣬ŵһȺʱӰ˵ĽлʱһСƬռ䡣Щŵľ𵹣ЩǵϽлˣȴҲû˻Ӧ 
Щ˾ͻȻ˯ߣԲϢΨһǣЩɵأ˱סˡǵ˫ۣȻŭŵġЩˣܹ谵ɫ¿ǵ۾ɫ󡣾ͻ֣ᷢѾû۰ˡ򣬾Ѿ͸˵ľ̿ڣ 
һһܹݹȫֵĸ֡ͻ֣ᷢЩϢˣȻǰִڹһˡ 
һ࣬һ١ 
С㣬뿪ҪʣҲЩѾ˯֮ˣȺų֮ʱеɭͳ״֮ 
½ֵ޴룬ΪǵĳҲдϢ֮ˡʱԣлŵ˶Ҵж 
֨ 
 
̤̤ 
˲ȵ 
ļʮ½ʿҲ˵赲ǰȥ 
¡¡ 
ǧռʱٴβ̶ȱ֮ǰԵøΪҡ½ҳӸոտҲһ硣ٴһΪ׳Ľɫû谵Ĵػָɲǵͨ 
һǧءҲֻ뱯֮еˡɲྲ֮ȺٴηڡȴԭغСǱ𣬱ԼĻ飬׷̤½ҳ෴ķ񱼶ȥ˺ŵٿǵ³ѹﻹڳдƬ̡׷׿ӱޣֻµȡ 
𣿾𣿡 
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ΨһȻͦڵصģҲһһˣһ£Ʈơ˫ۿնʡһȻš֮Ȼ֮仯쾪ף˿Ӱ쵽 
ôĬĬվš 
ɺХƲĪ⡣Ǹ߹ͷŨīҲתἲƴʱѾѹ˵漸׸ߴƺʱͻµĺĻǧڵҴһеֻͷ񱼣˿һС 
ռ䣬һƬ硣 
ৣ 
ǧ֮һӰѸס˱һ׷Զ֮󣬻ٻӡ 
ݣ䣡 
ӰƿһˣֻɰĴ˷ϵֳǶҹڿֻͣڼǧ֮⾲ع۲š 
һӨڻָɵɲǣ˿ǵٴλͶһڡڿյĽ΢ĲţԲҰ׵ĽһƬ̿֡һˮ˫ȴһƬᶨҹеյ͸ˮƣȽȽ⡣ 
˹仯˾˵Ĵ󶯾ǧڵǿȻ׷ױɫµһ֮ʱʮӰٵĶ·㡣ʱЩýϽǿߣѾϵֳУڵĴԲǿߡˡ 
 
Өӹߵķ΢΢˫ۡɳʵǵٶȡѾһ֮ˣѸһ˿ϲáȻʱѾЩı仯ԭѾ֪ĵܹһʲôѾ֪ĵƺѾעˡ 
Ȼһ޷˵ĸˡûй뷨 
ʱΨһģʱصİһԣʱصȥһһСֱԶ 
˶ѡ 
¶绨Ц̣ӨֿǵϤİӰǵӶ֮Ӱ 
һܵ``` 
ݣ 
һӰӹʣӨʧ١ҪǶλҲʼûкꡣ 
ɣɡ 
ʮ֮⣬һɫʣôͻأĳһɽ֮ϡһһӰģ 
ʦӰ֮ɫձ͸¶޾Ļ̿֡̿Ҳ˶ֽ̿ҲԼı飬ȴ͸¶йػĿ⡣̿``` 



ڰʮ ׽٣ģ

       ԼΨһͽԼʮŮ׷ͯյİ˫ףƺܹ͸˫Ŀʱ˿˿۰֮ɫظӨǧ˿˫Ŀ׼Ѿͷǽ쳣ֵʵɵѾͷȥʲôѰ·ҲӦÿˣСҪ׽١ԼҲﲻ ׷ͯյİն·˵ľûܹ 
Ө֪ҪȥҪȥʦһȥʦӨԻ֣̿ԭҰ׵ɫѪɫ˫ֽŰ˵ֱۣشߴٵ 
ĬĬԼͽΡ 
ǸɵѾͷ̬пҡҡͷɽÿһ죬ʦʦ֪Сӵ⡣СӣҲȷǲ 
ȻмͣӨ˵ʦһֱԼԼҵķĶʱһжǧж֮Уһ˿ɬҰ׵ĽռӵһĨ쳱漴뵽һʱȻΣ֮Уһף˫ضԼʦгʦܹ취ȾһٲȻҲҪԼһߡ 
ʮʮ֮䣬Ѵﵽ֮ʵ˹ĵһ֮ģѷ֣֮ͬ壬֮ʱձضܹΪֻش½һǿʵû뵽Ȼ֮䣬Ѵﵽ˸߶ȡңǲң˻عףûȥӨʱ֮Ŀ⡣˫ı򱳺һ֮ 
˵ʮ֮⣬Ҳֻĵ㡣ĺ񱩵ķ羢˿ûдŹɽۣƴֿɼ߿յɽҵŰšӨԽԽɫļٵķĴʱøҡʦʮĵ㡣 
ʦӨһȥɣȻӨŰ˹ݶ£Ỻ԰׵գʹް 
ĬȻóĬ 
ӭ紣ɽۣ˫ĿġӨĿƺ޶ԡ 
ʦ```һߣ֮µİ 
һϮ˵İ׷۱죬΢ӵһ¡ͯӵһ˿Ρ 
Ѿͷʦǲȥװģ׽٣ڤڤеǿƿһֶΡȴ߱ˣ˭ҲΪ顣ıԴ֮Ҳ޷ƿأôֲȶأĽ֮Ĩɱ˭ǿгô˭ҲܲķŭȻ½ǿǧѳһΪĳЩԭһЩϱ㾡ȫȥôĶΪֻΪʦŷֵõ𣿡ȻûлͷŹصӨĳ˵ 
أʦӨТӨûԽԽΣյʣѾ䵽Ϳ״ĺɫУ˶ɵĿֲϢӨ԰׵Ȼһ˿ȻǸĴӱԼʦо˵ 
׵ıƽʱӨĵ׵ģһ֮ԼԼĸ飬ڴʱ˿̣ȫ汩ɵص׵ҽȻӿȵֱܡһʰ 
ż棬Өôɽšû˿ɡ׵ԼӰͶ֮С 
ȵңһܵܣһҪң߿ҵķХӨӹӨ˿˫ض·ϵŨƲ㣬Լǵõһ֮ 
նɽ֮ϵİˣǳͯ˫Ŀһ˿ɣȻء 
⣡ 
Ҳ͸оԪ֮Ŀռ䣬ȻһĪĲһֻɸܲĿѸٲ˷Բǧ׿ռ䡣 
һ˲ðǿ񱩵ľ磬ĺƲ㣬ɳҡڲ֦ˣУ伸ףȻڸ߿յӨһ̣ͳͳֹ 
⣡ 
һӨΪĵƾնвͬǣƺֻӨһ˵ϡӷ򡪡ɽۡ 
ʱ䵹ǾͷطšֹյӨĹ켣ȻϷȥô˵ƣԭ·ϵɶءܣȻһƬ 
ݣ 
Ӱ¶ϻӨֻصԭλá 
أ 
ٴιɳɳ֦ٴοҵҡ``` 
һУָֻԭò 
صɽ۵Ө˫ȻյѸٻһܣͣǰʦϡ飬һƬãȻɫһƬҡ 



ڰʮ ׽٣壩

       ˻ת̾˿նëӺʱܸģ׽Ȼ֮գȴҲȫһȥĺˡѵСһԧ죿ͶСôûģ ˶ӨԼСһʺһͽܻǷǳ˽ġ֪ǿȰûõģֻиϣӨϣŻıĿǰľ 
ʦ˵ܶ𣿡ȻϡŰԣӨãȻĿһ˿ϲ˫Ѹʦֱ۽ʵһ˫ضͯʮ·Ļش𣬾Ĳ֡ 
һСӿһøӶ```ͽеĿ⣬ĵ׺ݺݵ߶ϣȴǲòװһгģ΢Цŵͷ 
ʦ㲻˵Ұ׵˰죡ʦĿ϶ӨҰɫסֱ۵˫ֺ޺һԴԹ˵ 
ԼʦӨݵġ˵Լ̵֮żΪ֮ɰֶΡӨʦˡȻʦ˵һܹ׽ˣһȻܹ 
Ѿͷ뷨˵ļ򵥡 
Өı֣ͯȤһ˿ڨȻΪеѸٵתȥ 
߰ǰһˣʱĵһǿߡϷ㡣½ľ֣ǿߡʱȴòͽܵ棬˺ްյΥ֮ۡ 
ԴһȻ׽١׽ǿӦյıԴȼ 
дǿߣʮ֮˾Ŷ˹ءʵǡЩǿߣ඼ƾԼһһΣջ۵Ŀ޶ɡԡȻǻˡ 
ϷĺƣĴĺСһܷɹ˽٣һҲûС۴˺˵仯׽ƺ֮ʱ׽Ϊͬȼڸ߼Ҳȥ롣 
ڼǰˮ֮Դ֮ˮ١ʱǰǳΪ׽١ؼľˮ֮ĶȱԴڴ˵еһȱԴҲֻǴ˵ѡϷȥ˵ǱߵһﱻһȱԴ֮⣬ҲûڶֱԴϢ 
ϷסƣҲƶѡֻֻش½ġ켶ֺ󣬶·磬еĲ²⡣ 
Ϸ㵱Ҳ֣ƺıԼˮ֮ԴҪһ㡣һ㣬Ͼֻһ㡣˵ΪľڵԼӶٽԴռ˾ơϷţٴԼҲ·磬ǱӡֻǿϧǼһƺʧöˡ 
ҡҡͷ˦ȥͷЩӰ˵뷨ϷĿ⣬ٴ˺ǸڿյĺɫС֮£죬ڵصһӨҲڴʱϿһվϷߡһ˫ŵĺƣƺҪ͸ЩŨƲ㣬ȥһʱıֻֻ֡뿴ǵؼ䣬ϤѼǣѼİɫӰ 
գ 
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Ǵ˵е׽𣿡һ£ɷǵ࣬˫۵ʵı仯૵š 
٣Ǵ˵е٣ǵģ½Ҫ𣿡ĵϲʮ֮⣬ʥǿߣɰŷ˹Ϊһſ˫޾ı仯һ£ӶʥʦƲϵؾšƺ׽֪һ 
ȺСһɣͳͳӹʮ￪⣬ҪԽ׳һʱһ֮һ಻̶õı쳹ʡǹŴеķŭ 
ŭŭ䲻ŭ䵨Ϊ 
һӰͻأĳϷӨߣлֹţˣ˭ӵİࣿһȺʶ 
˼ӨͻȻֵİ꣬ʵһæ㵽Ϸһߣض˫еķ֮⣬ͯܿó 



ڰʮ ׽٣

       裬ŻСʦãҾͰ㶪ȥϷȻûлͷƺôһҲûзֻǵ˵ Ϸеĺ⣬Ө뻪輸ͬʱһ˾ô۵С۵ĻƬ̡ 
ʦ赱Ϸʦһֱһط᰹ȣҲ֪ôСʦá˵ͻȻתɻӨ¶ѩ׵ݣظСʦãʦֻ裬˭㣬ֻҡʦְ 
ӨԣȻɻǰİ꣬ͻȻ֣ͶԼʴʣظĵꡣʱѾͷɻɻʦû˵Լиʦְ˵ô꣬Ҳûмˡ 
Өʦ֣ʦĵһӡӨԥϷʱĲһ䡣 
ŶӨʦ֣ʦĿ϶ӨȻɻ󣬵жҲԥŻʦ 
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ʲôֶΣ 
кȻ֮䣬ٲɡдԲµǿߣ׷Ŷʮ￪ȥƾǵʵǶʮҲܿЩüĿһЩԲǿߣǻƬ̺Ҳģ׷׸ϳ˶ʮҡ 
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һ˲ͨһЩйĴԲǿٴθܵĵЩߡֻǵŨѼī֭ĵ׶оȻѾ䵽һͷٶ׸ߴĵĻƺ౻֮˲١ѹһĻĴԲǿٴεĽۣҳӡô̶̵һ˲䣬ܶ˵ĶͷѾð亹 
ǹؼѹʵ̫ǿˣڳ˾羹ȻⲻƬ̡£Ҫ󲿷ѹĵˡһҪԶѹ 
Ҳɴ˿ɼǿߵ𾿾ж󡣱˴֮ľ룬ƺѾԽͨߵĲࡣ 
ʵĲ࣬ԲεĲ࣡硪ǵ 
͵ͬʱദ֮أ˲һĻ 
֮һ硣λװ죬һῡŮĿһصļ̳֮¡˵ؼ֮ңĵױ֮ʣǼͬʱ˫ۡñ磬ʮɫһš 
ȻǶ׽٣ֻش½Ȼֳ˵ģֻ֮ңһƬ֮УһͻȻڵԶ೤ƺǸմصĳ˯ѣξع鵽ʵ硣 
׽ٰȥİٶǰϷɹ֮⣬ЩҲû˵``` 
ϣɹȥɣһȵġʢᡯѾԶ``` 
ã˭ҲﲻҵȻǼΪ``` 
Ļ䣬̳ڸַһɫͬⲻͬĸпΨһӵе֮ͬǾǣÿһ򴫳һֲɣԶ⾳ʹ֮ȻһԶŵ磬һȻ֮͸¶أ͸¶Źϡ 
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ңԶһˣ֮֮࣬ȫͬļ硣Ȼһصļ̳֮УҲôһȺ̻ڵأǰ֮һĻ 
صֻɽһȫɽ֮ڵĹ``` 
ңԶ½һ֮ɵܲʥ֮``` 
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Хѹ˿˿Ļȡ˰λãռһЩԴȻؼ䣬ȾܹƷһĿ񱩷羢ȴǴɢ˿˿ƣ̻һǲɱ 
ʱһΧļ׿ռ䣬ֲָ 
һƬڡ 
ȻͷһԼͷٶ״ܹһ֮ĿɲСޱ飬ۿն 
 



ڰʮ ׽٣ߣ

       ¡¡ ߴεĵɲͨʣǧ׽ףѾеϷһԭģ壬ʱȴĿ۱ͻһɲǣƺǧȻעꡣ 
 
һܹ˲ͨǵХڳ˵ 
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Ѿʮڸַ׷׷ؾ߷׷ɫҰסк²ѡʮⶼҪ˺˵ѹһǴڲѹǷʤǣҪǰѣԼ˻ɵվʮ֮ڣǺν뵽˴Բµߺԥٴȴ 
ݣ 
ڵ֮ʣѾоԾȻ˵˴εǰкβ֮ͬﲻԾ뵽еҶ˵ľ磬ûԥĴˣٴ˲䱩ʮ֮ء 
 
һѪ߿˿˿ѪҶϵѪɫʱ˹``` 
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𣿾```һ૱ȻϡڲͬľװķѹʹѾȫյ˼ռ伫ȵĲ񱩵ƾյĳ˼ռ֮ڡεƺԿռڵϹŲСǿ˼ռŰ 
Ҵܣ 
ǿıң˼ռڵϹƺҲʼܵӰ죬Ϸ΢ŤԭֱӾ˼ڵϹ⣬ʱ衣 
⣡~ 
˼ĵɫƺŵΣ΢ط𶯣صĲ֮𡣾ˮƽͶһСʯӣȦȦɢƽˮͬǣЩƺȫڿռľ룬˲ͳ˼ 
ȦصĲƺ쳣ħбƻˣͺǱĸװӤ˲ƽ 
ֹ 
˼ռָֻһƬ֣͵ϹⲼռ䣬ŴɫľҲȻع룬ɢɵɫΣΪЩϹԴԴϵṩһУȥƺǰһȴ˼Է֮⣬κβ֮ͬ 
ȻƺҲֻƺʵʱһܹ˼Ļͻ֣ᷢǸ֮ؾ壬ѾСһȦ 
֮ǰƺЩʲôһĳ˼һϵзӦ֮ʱһҲͨ˼˼һŵķ϶˲ָɲǵ 
𣡷粻Ө綼ˣˣɱŶң֣һ˲һԺѸٻЩ뷨Щ˵òذǼסؿԼ 
䣡 
͸˼ڷ϶ܳһ˿˼ѸٱĻûԭӦǴڿƽ׼˼ȴΪС޾Ļûûһ˿ 
һһ˿˼ƣԼ˼ռٴηգһٴλص˻ججһ˲ԼԺе뷨ԼòȴѾӡꡣ 
 
 
һһ˿˼͸˼֮ʡѾһȫռĻѸٵɫӿһ˿˼ȿֺƣõʳı 
Ȳ 
˼ʧҲ֪һ˿˭֡Ƭ̹޾Ļٴαɫӵһ˿ԴӫĻƺƵػصһʧĵﲿλ 
ﲿλ֮ǵӫĻɫʱһڣ仯״̬Ʒŭƽָʲô``` 
Ӧ˹ڲͬĻɫϷŲΧĻǼرΧĴģеһСŰΧƴߴ٣ƺָ֮¡Ǽӿݻںϵٶȡ 
Хѹ˿˿Ļȡ˰λãռһЩԴȻؼ䣬ȾܹƷһĿ񱩷羢ȴǴɢ˿˿ƣ̻һǲɱ 
ʱһΧļ׿ռ䣬ֲָһƬڡ 
ȻͷһԼͷٶ״ܹһ֮ĿɲСޱ飬ۿն 
۵糸ݻڵİȡٶȣȡʱ䡣 
 
 
Ȼıһͬʱ 
˿ںϣһֻδ֮Ѵڵľ޳״ӳ˯ѣ׳Хһ˲䣬һڵȻһ壬ǵԴӫĻͷϵһڷ 
ͬʱѾѹһͷ״ŨβȻһīīзڹ⡣ХֱһĶš 
 
ıһѾĻȻڴܳһŵɲǣ˲仯һѻҹɵõ¶ӭǵֱ۴ϸĺڹ⡣ 
ԣ 



ڰʮ ׽٣ˣ

       䣡 ڹ䣬ڹƬĽ 
һΪĵ׿ռ䣬ʱĽڹϢһ㡣棬ʮס 
طƱɫǵеתٿһ֣ǧȡ֮Ʋ׷ӿС޾ĿǲҪĴķӿ롣Υ˴Ȼеķ仯 
Х~~ 
ɫǼתٶȣ֮ʱ˫ʧϵХǧ׿ռĻٴѹ֡Ҫ춼µ档 
ƺߣֿɼĻ޿ɵ޾ѹʹѾһ˵Χ˶ʱɫϼӰס㣬һεͷ 
˭˿ɵ˭˸ҵ 
ХХ 
ɫмתХ 
һȻޱ飬ۿնվԭأƮԭӦǵʱѳյλá嶼һɵĻСǷ춯صı仯˿Ӱ 
ݣ 
ǵŻΪĳȥٶϱ֮ŵڹ⣬˿̶á˲䵽һͷҫطȦ֮ٿĻΪӿһĶţβû 
¡¡``` 
ʴܳ㷢ĺ֮˲ѹֵü޷֮ǧڵĺƲķ£ͬʱҲϷ 
죬ŭŭǰʧŭϱ˼̤ 
䣡 
ַǻ֮ͬڡ֮ 
 
ƺӦƺڷйķһŵĻɫٴαһ֮ŨٵĻɫѸٴһһ⣬뵽ػһĵ֮С 
ӿӿ㼱Ӻ 
ݣ 
һǲѾӺĻϼתɲ֮䣬Ѿߵٶȣһмơ 
䣡 
һһΪģתͷβͷɫȫ෴ɻ˲γɡɵ׿ϼ׶ɫתǿһΧ׿ռڵһ֮ͳͳ롣ٶ׸߿յĺƲ޾Ŀ磬вĻڡ 
һֻ޵׶ɡЩ֮ͳͳֻͻȻһռ䣬ֺ䱾ûǵĴڡһУƾʧ 
¡¡ 
һһңһһ£һһ׶оô˴Ƿȫ෴ļתԴȫĳڰн档˴ཻ֮ռ䱻ȫ˺ѿ֮ƻҪϼֵīɫռѷʱ֮ģܹ֮˲ʧϵ 
ռ䣬һƬң 
ž 
˿ϸīɫռѷ֮䣬Ҳϵ˫Ӷȥһ·ı֣ǰͬơ 
֮ﲻ 
һƺѼĵߣڻƺȻתٶȲûзǰٳ߸ͷһ㡣˴Ķײңϸĺڷ챻ѶȻԷƺδжʵĵߺԥצ 
ɳ 
Ϣ˲Һбīɫ˿ϸˮͶ˴󺣡ôϢʧ١ǣǵõͬ³ûдһˮư 
䣡 
ƺǵ߱ŭƺ¼Щռѷʧ֮Ȼһ޾Ŀ 
ХХ 
Һٴμӿ˸תٶȣƷ˱˴֮ڶսһ羨̣һɣһƾĿδйķŭѱͷĻҺйϷ֡ 
ˮɰٴƺԽԽоʱƣԽԽȸԾ 
¡¡ٴηʡī֭¼Ͽھۼ㹻βٴηһڹ⡣һСȴϸڹʱ뱾壬ŵµĻɫж 
 
ͬʱɫ˷Ӧһӫλ˲ܳһĶţʱ׶еĶӫһ 
 
˲һ壬ϴܵɲٴλΪһɵƲռ䣬һ·һߣһǰĳڹ硣 
һֻΪ۷ڹ⡪֮ԴһͬΪĻҽ֮߾Ľ֮Ŀʼಫ 
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һľǧڹ׷׿Խռײڰ֮СȻ˾ǣ˫ȻټӲӲĶײǿʼ໥໥ں 



ڰʮ ׽٣ţ

       žĵ𡣵ڵĿռѷǲϲΧսеĻɫڹ硣ѷʧ֮񱩵էէ֡һУһӰ ˹һĻʮ֮ɽ֮ϵϷ뻪ʦͽ״͡ 
ϳһﻹϷ˫ĿŰյսƲš 
ʦôˣһܵ𣿡ӨһֱұýģΪĵһĻʱ̹۲Ϸϵı顣ʦɫϴһʱһʦٹ˴͵̬ƺһǳáѾͷһæסϷ䣬ֲ̿ضסʵ 
õģںõúܣԼͽߵʣץסԼָΪĽŶ˲Ĳ԰סϷ˫Ŀһ˿ϧٴһΥ֮ۡȻʱѾ׼һһɽʧܣǿԵذϷȡΪʱ˿̣ϷѾһɽٳɹʲôϣˡ 
׽٣֮ԳΪ׽٣Ϊڤڤе֮ԴһȨ֮ԴձԴ顣顣ȴɱֻҪձԴܹȫ֮ڵǾͲӰƽ⡣Ӱƽ⣬ͲϾɱ 
Ȼǿ飬ڤڤеȻΪӦһӦյıԴθߵͣƿ̷֮ԴͻӦʵǿȵ׽١ŹȥˣӴ˽Ųʹ˻ҷ 
֮Ϸ뻪ʦͽɻǣƽʱ׽ӦһһĽ£һĻɫڹһζײʱǰ㡣ڹ羹Ȼɫ໥໥ƺҪȱȱ˴֮ıԴ֮˭ǿ˭ϷȻ֪һıԴ֮ʲôǺǵڹʲôǿؼ߲㣬ֻ֮Ϊ۷壬һƿ̷֮ԴֱӱȱȱԴ֮ǿܣⴿΪ 
ƽɹ׽١ҪһһΣջ۶ɾ͵ġǿӦ߶ԼձԴ֮ľƿ֮ԾԵġ߸߾ġԸǽе֮ԴġʡȻˣĶɽȴǾһ 
֮Դܣʹ˿ɼһߡ 
񵽺ã֮ԴڹϷ㲻֪ĻɫȻʼ˳ಲսһɲǣϷҲֻĬĬ̾һĵù³ƺҲѾע 
ӨʦĻشһ˫ˮĬĬضϷΡϷϳɾľ飬ܿóʲôιѾͷǴŵϣֿʼǻģϷϣԼżĻ沿 
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ʱƣݡ֮ǿΨһܹ徰ˣ𽥳һ־죬˺ȻȻתΪϲ֮ɫ 
֪ʱһΧٴγһɫ׶УⲿһָϸĻֱӵ˰֮еĻĽ֮ɫеĶ̬֮Ҳǲ֮࣬һϸںڷĺֱ߱ӿеβӵ໥֮еڹβ 
֮ĳಲս˴΢һĦ˦ܻڵĿռѷ졣ţһҵӿȻֱɫɫг׹Ϸ֡ 
ϸ߽֮㡣ϵıֻɢΪؼΪͳɵĴڡԪڹ⣬ҲССֵرҽڣһСֱڵڹ⣬ȴҲû֡·𳹵׵ʧڿաֻߣѾǰͬ 
ҽڹʱƺѾս˻𣬿Լһֵֻܱͬ˴˵ս 
ǣڹ䡣׷ƴذѶԷкȻͬʱڻδ֮ͬȱԴƺȷǰ˭Ҳκβ˭ű˴˵ĺԮ֮֮ǿһȴûн 
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ڰʮ ׽٣ʮ

       ԭֱֻҵĺɫȻӵʮ֮ʱΧ׿ռкƲһɨաһѾɫзȥƲ磬Ҳͳͳ˻ǿƺѾӰ쵽˵µĻɫС ˣˣ 
ɫʱ΢ĲתҲʱ˲١ 
Х 
ȻʮĺɫзХԭںڵı𽥷ЩĹʼαӣһεɱɱı롣ڲϵĻƺʱ𶥵һ 
 
ȻǿԮɫһ˿ӫĻȻһصĲͨӵĻ˲䱻 
Х 
ѾѵĻɫоȻ˷ܼԭֱıͻȻһХϼе಻ϵӡƬ֮䣬ɫеԭС 
ХХ 
Ƭ֮ӵٶԵ󶨸ڴԼԭ屶֮ϡ۴ӫĻҲһ֡ 
¡¡ 
֮ԽԽ죬ǺɫڹҲԽԽ 
𣡺𣡺 
ɫȻ緭Ѿ·ʵšҹⱩ˲ڹľԽռ䣬ݵһ뵽ɫмⲿ 
ʱɫתٶһ㣬ƺӭǵӫĻع飬һбڶʱ 
ڹɫȴȻҲ׷𡣺ڹһһ˲ûںɫβ 
ɫеתңǿǰǰ׿ռĺƲһɨգʱѾӵסһпƲһ뵽ɫڣȻʧǿֲķ羢һ·ݣεöʮ˫۶׷ĻùЩ 
ﭣ 
һڹеβ⴦Ѹ塣ʱ߹Ұյľ޴жʱһβһڹ⡣ 
 
ͬʱɫдӫâ䡣ĵƺŵһ׳ŭͬ˲һ壬γͷĺɫСһǰԼһ·ϵƺ׳־δĲʣΪҫΪ飬Ϊȫľġ 
䣡 
ǵĶײȺͬΪ֮ĸߵȱԴ֮սɢڹĽľ˵ĵǻ˺ɫȫľڹ⣬ռϷ硣һ·ɢһ·ˡǵӫҫĻʱѾ˴Ŀĳ̶ȡϧȻŤת˵ĽʵĲͬ˵ϣʱӫҽΪ׵Ļȴ˾Ե·硣 
ڹһ·ɱûڽڰˡۿҪһıڡ 
 
һ˴ĵ׾ܸоóĲӫ⴦ 
䣡 
һٱ˵Ļʱֹסơڹ֮ƬĻֻۣٲֵڹⱻͬǣһ֮󣬻Ҳ˿áԼֵʧжȻǰ̵ĶסڹĹơ 
 
һ׳ҵɫת֮Ļʱ֮񱩵طӿ󡣽ű׷Խ޷ڹ⡣ 
``` 
춯صıĵ֮䲻ҪĺײۿɼƷټ١Ƭ̹󣬻ʧֻʣ˿ӫĻɫڹ⣬ȴȻǰһģȻֱ۴ϸ 
 
ӫĻɫڿпһȦȻӭڹ⡣Ȼ޵ǱʶѾףԼ³ֵһ㣬ᱻǰڹ⳹׵ķֻΪײĴڡĸ߰ȴȻ޷˵ӭϡ 
಻ͷ 
¡¡ 
͵߽Ҫഥ֮ʱȻһһز˲ġǵ֮޿ƥеľڹʱֹһںڵѸٴɢһɲǣǾֲʱ䱻һ㣬ǵڹʱɢĺɫʧڿգ׵Ӱ١ 
һӫĻɫڸо󲨶˲䣬Ѿֹͣϳơϸ岻Ȼһ󶶶ڡȻͷҲصĴܻһĶݷﻹǰսľ 
һ˲䣬ƺֻصһ죬Ǹجΰһ졣һ죬Ҳһ󲨶ֵܶķֻˡ޷رֻɸȼıԴȻٲϵķֻɸ֮Ϊû˿ʶĵ͵ȴڡӫĻ󲨶Ŀ־壬Ѿ˱֮СûеǱʶţԼҲῴܡ 
ǵڹʧĿռѷ챻ƽزȻ 
ķһ󲨶˲伯ĵ㣬һɫϸСȻγɡ̲ݻ֮£СһصѹƿռԽһתԾһĶš 



ھʮ ɣ

       ʵʴزϸСҽѸһĶšƺܹԾʵ赲ܹѹ˼ڶҲûһô ٿ 
ɫС˼֮ڡɫ廹δӦ֮ǰҹһѾûС 
⣡ 
ɫС뾧ڲƬϾ磬ӱɢ󲨶󲨶ƺ޾Ϣ䴫˾֮ڵĸ֯Щ·ַ֮·ڻδ֮ʱĴϢһڲͱΧһƬϾա 
˼ռڡڿյɫڲı仯΢Ҫڲʵĳֻ㷢ԼȸԾ顣 
ɫСڲϢƺ޾ϾٶҲǲضáһһն롣߱һ֮ƽ⡣ôյĳ 
硣 
ʮɽ֮Ϸ뻪ʦͽɫ仯¿ɿԵӨѾͷĶʱ¾ˮͰϰ¡׷ʦʦ֣Ҫ֪ʲô¡ȻѾĵһĻȴûлش 
͵Өܲסĵ׵ĽҪٴԾɽۡѾͷͻȻоĴһز 
ӡ 
ӡ 
Ϸ뻪ȻеǷݾϲ벻֮飬ͯҲֱܷ 
ȻʦʦֵľӨѾ׼Ծζʱֹͣͷ󲽿׵ľ룬˫ٴסϷ䡣 
ʦһܵôˣҰʲôӡѾͷףһ˫ˮضϷǺͯ͸סʵ 
ӡȻӡǲ˼飡СӣӨĽѰʣϷƺδԳĵĺȻ뾪ϲ֮Се״εЦֽе 
ʦ```ｹ쳣ѾͷҲܲʦʦֶԼĳӣسС죬ĹϷŴе 
ʱԪǿѿڶɲǴʮ﷽ԲĿռ䡣 
```ӨܹͨǵĴ󺰣Ϸʱһ㵡Ѿͷٴ˫ֽԼ䣬δյἣƺºۡǽ̬Ϸ˲׹ 
ӨʦҪϲˣƺҵһ˲õСӣϷϵı飬ḧ˸Ѿͷǧ˿˫΢ִ飬дžŷһֵ٩˵ 
ʦ˵һܵû׽ˣ˿Ϸеĵ٩Өһץһ׷ʵ 
ЦѾͷ˫еУﰵΪԼǣϷǳȷص˵ͷ 
ʱ 
ϷᶨȷϣӨͷǿ޾ʯж粦ƼգѾͷϵЩ˲ʧΪŹȶòҰ׵Ҳ͸¶˿˿ΡδɵĽʱñȰٻʢ 
һеת䣬ֻΪеһϲáϲԼĵ˶ʹվ 
Ө˼򵥡 
ʦܰҴȥ𣿡Ƭ֮Ө΢ƽϢͷǷݿӿϲáˮа۵ʮָšԼ½ǣϷ㣬Դɬصʵ 
ӨżʱСںӡ˴šںϳɹʦҲҪȥһһڼ֮ڣҵɵͽΪ֮ҪҪСӡ```ϷѵüԼͽɬģŽٴε٩ 
ߣʦΪϲӨˣѾͷʦʱ档Ϊͷɬһתȥ泯ġ 
```ɽٴϷЦ 
****************** 
ʱƣǧռڵĺƲƺ𽥱䵭ŰĿǽƽϢʱȻһƬ谵ͨ˿»ǿǰſĽƽϢޱ߼ʵĺƷ̶Ҳ½½ֱ֪ƲҲ䱡 
䣬ƺҪȥˡ 
************** 
佫ҪȥΪ˵һȻĬĬƮڿաƺһжûиı䡣һȻ֮ǰǸһǸԼõج֮󣬱ûججꡣޱ飬˫ۿն``` 
ۿնʱ˿̵һ˫۲ǳ׵ĿնиܹϸĹ۲һ˫Ŀͻ֣ᷢһͫ׼֮һʵĻɫٴϸ֮£ܿڼ֮ĻɫƺԼŽʡ 
һССĻɫһͫγɡɵŨɰһУǰؼȻγɵģϷ뻪ʦͽԼĻɫСʱٶȵšɬĪ 
 



ھʮһ ɣ

       ˼ռڣڿյɫȻ΢Ĳ㷢áϢɫСϾڲͷţֱ޴ڵľաʱţ̵ӳչϢľ彥תɫԭӨĿʼڣֱڵ÷֮ʱֽɫ㶨ŨŨĻɫ֮С ɫԽԽ࣬ɫռڲķ֮ѾתΪŨ֮ɫŻɫС޾Ϣ緢ת䣬 
һУƺĽţֻһĹϡ 
ɽ֮ϵϷ뻪ʦͽʼ̸ЦӨȻѴ󲿷־ģʦʦż٩ԼҲẦߵĽȻȴ˸ΪĴȡЦ 
Ѿ˳ʮ￪ΧˣþòٱԽҲɿ׷׾۵һ㼺̸ԭֻмԲǿߣƺеףȻվԭأġһǣÿԲǿǹǰ˫ĿУε͸¶Ľڴ`````` 
ʱһһĹȥţ谵ɫҲԽԽԭǧ֮صĺƣʱѾԭ˿͸Ʋ㣬ʱҲ˻֮ɫǹѾ͸Ʋıܼ֡һȦָȵİһ𽥵֮С˸оһֻԭͷľ޴ڹʱϷһޱȵľ˸˿ȥ 
޴ڹѹֵҲſ̸֮⡣Ȼ֮ǡǡ෴ǡ 
ʮ⣬ԼΪ׵ڸճصһ 
ʦ棬Ҷ```ջҶ˫֣˽յ˫ۣæʵ̶̼ƺµΪɬиǳʻͬʱŻԶѵۣ΢زšҵĳʱ¶ԵޱǷǱﻹΪ½һɳϵǷ緢 
Щʵǲ͸Ŷң汻٣ټĲѾ֡ڿɺãԼ׶Ҳ⸱֪ģУĵһʱǲ֪ôһУʹѾñǾ޴˿ϣٴαݺݵһΡ 
̶̶֮࣬ڣԼĸΪ׶ŮĺӾȻȺ˲⡣ݴı밧ʵѾ޷ˡ 
˫ĿļǻûʧӢ˫üһ塣 
ҶûΣաǣ˼ܵصĴˣҪԼָºѡ```˼Ƭ֮󣬼˵еĽۡ 
ʦ棬˵ģĪǡ꣭ݡ֪ҶûΣգһѵƽȡһİ䣬Ƕԭ˫üһ顣 
ݡʵĿׯƾ˵ľҩҲΪھҩҲԽԵѵáΪڵĸ߲㣬Ȼ֪ڵһЩҩģûмǵԼдҩղءԼûУ˭ȥҪ֪ĸղأ˭ֿϷҩģ 
ʦܣݡϢºȥʸɵȨˣҲ̫żĿǰҪǣüʦ濴СôˣһֱĬվһԵƴʱڵǸͷƤҲ벻Բߵķգ֮ࡣҪע⡣ 
ԣԣͷʦٿô¡ƵñȵͷȣɲǱ㾪˼еŲİ籧˼ǰڳϥƣڼ˹۲ơ 
ϣû°ɣһУ˲ͷĺգ˵һԺĵĬĬš 
ĶĬĬҡҡͷһؾĴ֣еĶߣʱȻ˺ɴ˿ͷ޴룬Ѿʹҵĵزˡ 
ϣû°ɣϣ```վһԣżٴ˫ĺ󱳣ͷϵĬš 
`````` 
```һͷȻһĻ˼໥̸۵һĻ 
ƾˣվһĬԵýޱȵͻأصôһ䡣 
ţ```ͻأȻһֱ۲ܵơɵĻͷ淺ϲеͷԡ 
Ҷˣٴ¶ϲţ``` 
ͻȻʲôȻϣϵľϲ֮ɫҲ˲ȴ´ҴתͷҲصؼʱѾԼɱġ 
ʦ```ԵƿĪУжʱ󼱡֮£һûץסܶӰ˹ԼҲȫ׷ȥɲһ˾ôġʱȻٱ˭ܿ϶Ȼӵĵ㣬ʲôͻıʣ 
***************** 
ͷһˣСͷеΣ 
ò׽һҲΪĳЩԱض˻ص֮ɫֻһ£Ǹ 





       ±⣺ҵĵ˵˵¸ȥ죡 һ˵дѾˡĻȻзģ˭Ȳ˵Ŀǰĳɼ󣬽ȫһ顣 
˵Ϊҵġ̳ǰѾдˡҵ˵Ҳ̫ף̫ףǣ˵ҵĺģȻ뾭ֲʮǧһЩǩԼƷȣǲѷɫֺ 
˵ⱾҪͷѾûʲôϣˡдȥҲͽȻһһЩҪƾ飬ռ㣬ٷ֮ʮǲܵġ 
ⷬҴæһԼĴŮ̳ĸ档дˮ׼ֻݵһЩǵۡһУԵλ˵ĻǺϡ 
һĬȻ 
ԭ뷨ζҪдⱾġΪʲôֻΪжʱһΣΪΪһͨдֵĻءƺд걾顣 
ҰҵЩ뷨ҵѡûƬԥȻһЦ˵ɹ֮·жͿѡԶҪֵġҲҪѧͨ顪 
һȰѱһ䣬ԺΪƼģ 
ټӿڽȣΪһ֮ڰѡ̳걾Ҳβ 
ҼдȥһЩȻٿ顣Чܻڿá۾ǣдһİ顣ԭĴ㣩 
飬һ˼ڼ˺ܶܶ࣬ڽһҲ벻 
뵽ҵʵµʵ⡣ǾͷΪд֣һ۲۵ˡΪߣȴǾԿʸˡʮ꣬ѾʮĶʷСϲųá˵ЩֻԼҲһĵ 
һͷˣǻʲôǶ߿˼º󣬺ԥһӴû麣֮СδϴҲûгͷ֮աҺѹΪҷǳĵдⱾ顣Ϊģ˺ܴѪȴòҵϿɣѹ 
ȴһֻᱧԹۣ첻ȵȵȵȡҾԻȴԭëҲͣķĴǵĳƪСһһ䡣ҶǳȥоȥѧϰӶʹԼڸϵõʵ 
˵һ㣬һЩͷβĶһǿġһҴһʲôӽⶼ˵ġףĿǰɫʡ 
뵽Щ֮ҵе㶯ҡˡΪԼѾһõΧ֮ڵļ㱨ꡣףûоԵĹɽȴȻԵĹҸʮŬѪʵҵõʮջô㣬ջҪҵİɡ 
Ҳ˵ѣЩڵ뷨ԣԵʵ 
ȻҪһЩһֱ֧ҵĶǵǵԾⱾĹռݰٷ֮ʮһıǸһ䣬Ǵæ걾ֻǼдȥ 
һһ¥ö 
ϣҶ뷨˵ʱΪޡ֮Ȿ˽һʱ̬ȡûжеģһ֣һѡһҲǺõġ 
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       ȲˣĵȲˡѾе߻ħƣԭ˵ġǣʱֵģȴû롣ܲʧУˣ Ͷɣ 
ȸлעжǣлǶС֧֣߹⿲¡л뽨ĶǡǣЩĶҿԷǳȷٴθл 
һħDEˣ֧Ƶˮּ֪֧дꡣղּ֧ӿڽȣæ᱾顣ģο֧ͣTJÿͿꡣ壬֮񡷣ּ֧ӿڽȣæ걾 
дõĲҪдּ֧ӿڽȣæ᱾顣ߣСϪ֧TJˣ硢ּ֧ӿڽȣæ걾ţа񴫲ߣҪTJ֮һʮ꣬Ƽ֣βʮһּ֧걾ʮѣ֧TJʮұˣּ֧ӿڽȣæ걾 
ӿڽȣæ걾 
ЩͶƱۣҸƵС[]Ʒᵽģ̬ллң[][ö] 
ʵʵĿȥ 
϶úܶʧˡǣȻˣˣһýͶƱǶǾ˱Ĺ 
Ȼǿ϶ǿǵСʵµۡһΪҺáСл 
ĸлЩҵϻ˼ϻʱĶǣǰڷ뽨飬ҹֶ֧ǣ 
ǣõѡ 
Ϳʼ£ 
걾ϣҲܹõҵ֧֣õѵ֧֣ 
̳ 



ھʮ ͻ估ʮ֮󣨴

       ġһȻĬĬƮڿա죬Բ ܣһƬ֡ 
û֪ǣƬ֮£ƮĵǸС֮ڣʱ̲һɰһͨͨҲİ֮ڷתĹ̡ 
ʱܹһ˫ĿҲѿնȴˡ 
ɵĽιѾͨһͫ۱ɢɭȻâ˫ڵĻ֮УԵΪء 
˼ռڣԭڿյɫ壬ʱѾױΪ˻ɫͨɢĻɹâҲѾȡԭϹ⡣֪Уž΢ԭӦǰ״ľʱȻ˽֮塣һһнĻɫн 
ɫнȻɫλã˼ռ֮΢Ĳš˸оڵĻɫСȻɢһһϢ˼ռڳŻɫĹâ˼ҲڽӴЩɫâ֮󣬻طŲ֪ı仯``` 
һУƺȻ 
һڣֻ˼ռ䣬ƺһƬƽֻһɱɹ̤أǿӵ֮ͨ 
ʱݱвͣţƽҲȻʡܹȥܹ˳``` 
ﭣ 
͵ʮе罻֮ʣһ˼ռڵĻɫнȻ֮ͨҹһűͻأľ 
ǵģ𶯣ǰԷ΢֮ͨһɲǣһ沿Ҳͬʱֳʹ֮ɫ˫üһҲ΢ŤҲڲɫн𶯶΢ 
``` 
Ƭ̣˼ռڵĻɫнɲǣ𶯵ͬʱԭԾʸеĽ壬Ȼڲϵֳ͹ƺڲʲôҪһ㡣 
⻹ֹΪҪǣļ𶯣ΪĻɫâ֮ԭƽֱ˼뽣֮Ļɫߣűı׷׿ҵǡ˼ڵȫ𶯡 
𶯣𶯣˼ռ䶼𶯡ʵķʵ̫죬еҲ̫ҡת֮䣬ԷȽϱ˼Ⱦܲס顣 
䣡 
ȫԷ˼ռ䲻òѿӶųһ϶ڲıʱŷ϶ĳ֣֪ĻɫСߣɽͻȻҵȱڡһ·ƺƵȿֺطӵ 
ӿ糱ɻҹ֮һڡ˵֮ƵѾɰתΪɻ֮ɫĵšЩԭԹ˶ţȴ˿һ˵Ļҵ㡣һ˼ռɻҹߡʱʮȫ裬׷׼ӿתٶȡ 
һƵĻɫ㣬ɻҹߵ˲䷢ɫŸԵĹ켣ͬʱתĿɼٶת⽫Ǻεȵ𺳣 
Ī仯ĻתתһȦȦģԵ֮ɫĹⲨ֪Ĳ֮ɫĹⲨӸⲿӳȥһɲǵʱѾһ໥ᣬ໥˲䣬һ˲䣬һŷ׹â޵һڽɡŻҹ׺Уǳ㡣˸ͣ𲻶 
```ڽɵɲǣһ֮ѪȻһҾ徵ĲҺʱ 
һ˼ѿɲǣٴλָ˶ݵ֮ģΪ˼ڵǿѿʹʱʹ衣ȴΪǰЩӵ˼ռһܴʱ֮ܵʹʹһǿûнгŲ֪Ľɣٴη 
Ȼɡ֮һڣͬʱҹⱩűһǿĸͬʱЩ壬δܳڵĻɫߣͳͳһɨա 
ɫĹ߲ϵ͸˼ڷ϶Ⱥӵһܳ˼ռ䣬ĽһԵɸɾ˼ɫ֮ƺȸԾĻҹҲԽԽŻҹԽۣǳʼαš 
ͬʱ˼ռڵĻɫн𶯷ҲΪ³ڲѾɵϢΪ˱Ա³ɫнĹâ֡ĻɫߣҲŨʵ 
䣡 
һĳ屬ѵľһڲĳߺһ֮£ڲ˼Ѿѿķ϶ռ䡣һ˼ٴѿ롣һɲǣһܲ˷˵ʹʶķҲһɲǣһڵ˼ռڵĻɫн壬ƾǰǿ߱ҵһļϡʱͨѾѿһȱڵ˼ڣֱӵӡ 
һɫ϶ɵĻɫ˲γɡͬһɨһ㣬Ӳн塣ֲβֱӵе㡣 
нԽǿң³ĻҹҲԽŨʵƺѾܲڲʱбΣաȴȻţȻӲͦš 
֮ǡǡ෴ģͨߵֱӣȴԽ˷ܣԽȸԾĻɫ߱ɣĹҲԽȻȻģԽĿֲ 
************ 
 
һһҾ徵ĿһĪĲ֮ɢɲ֮䣬ɢĲԽؿռ䣬鲼˷Բ֮ڡ 
ʱıڶȥ֮ʱ 
ãʮϷʦͽһһҺͬʱѾɫ䣬 
裬СʦãһȥסЩǣϷ㾪æٵĳŻеδ䣬ӰѾɢ׵ʧɽۡ 
ӨѾͻıʸˣǰ˵ĺúõģһܵôᷢ˲ҺѾͷʱ١δȣʦѾһ仰֮󣬳׵ʧǰٽǾԼһصϢΧͻȻӿͷ 
************** 
Ԫʮ꣬ʮʮաһǼشΪң书ԣ칦ԡ֮壨ܽӴ͵ȵıԴ֮Ԫ飩Ϊû˿ƣӶнݱ䡣Ƚ׽١ʧܣ 
ȴΪĹʵǷΪбԴ֮Ҳʼн˼ռĲн壨˼оز㣩޷ӡϢ֮Σûʹ˷ 
һХʶĴߵĳܣһΪĵռ䣬һУΪ촷ۡΧ۵Ķ½֣Ϸ뻪ʦͽȡ½ʥǿߣشݡ 
Ԫʮ꣬ʮ¶ʮա½ȫսĻ½磬½ǰĽڽڰˣԮԴԴϡ½־ս 
Ԫʮ꣬ԪԪաһΪǱʶʹ½ԳΪֱ档ʼ˳һĴɱһ֮ڣأΪƽء׵۹ش֮ƽ˹롣ǧƽߣ 
˱У½ػһ塣Ҳǵ˰֣ǿΧһһشӡ 
Ԫʮ꣬Ԫա½ǿ߿붫½ҵ½ػһ塣ϼԭеԯһ壬Ҳ°ȥŶңԯΪ˼½֮ѿӶ֧֡½ǳʮǿߣҪȥƽĶһ 
ڼϷֹɣػһѡӶֻش½ػƽġֻͥɽصɽڵĹְ𣬽ڲìܣػ½ۡѲ졪裩 
Ԫʮ꣬ԪʮաΧ˿ʼʱһ졣ڼ䣬ֻش½ûǧƽ½һǿߣɣһشϷʦͽȡϷȫʩȣһٷ񣬵Ȼ־塣ϷֻϵӨһˡڼӨɻ飬Өһӣȡ 
׷ɱڼ䣬ΪһһȱԴ֮˶½ػһע⡣ҪҶһ½ӣԷſ֮ѷвԯΣֻٴ׷ɱ 
׷ɱڼ䣬һӲȱ֮Ҳ뵽켶ǿߡƸɵֻش½ΣաԾ 
ԭпط½ǿ߽룬ȻɱһǾͰˡ 
Ԫʮ꣬ա½ʮ켶ߣΧһڽһһ·򱱼ԭձؼ̳ڵĿռѷ졣һ 
½ʹƽ 
½ĴսȻ׵۹Ĺҡ˳½ 
Ԫʮ꣬ʮһա½Ŀ˳û٣׵۹Σա½һҲǳʤ׷Ҿ֣ٴδ򿪡ս½׵۹ڡ 
ڼ䣬ؽˣǧսͻأؽءһЩҶ貨̳׷ͻ쾳½һ˲űǧ֮ڣһʱľʢ 
ѵñ°ı°ķ׵˺֮ǡɱ۹ľˣߣͨˣֻҪ׳ġҲͳͳŹ˳ΪжħȰ䲻ҲȻˣȰ˵ 
Ԫʮꡣ貨ɻ顣ӨЯء½˷Ϊһɱ֮ޣֱϿߣԼͬ͵ϮӨӨһߣ硣ҴҸϷסһӴ˻Բѡ 
ޣӹ׷ɱһӾʹ˳½˹ɱʼ׷͵ϮӨסͨ档֪һΪ½˷Ϊʹ˿ʼ˶Ľɱ 
ȴϣӴһĺĻ½ԭΪûʳػһ塣Ҳǵµ顣ԲǿߣȻŰΪûͻɣ 
½˷磬ӶҵûʳػһѾѱ䡣߼֮¹ıҵҪϷֶ½һϵеǣʹö½ĸ֮䣬ʼҡɣнɵȻһ硣ڼҲΪ׵ĸȴ˵Ҷ½ƽ⡣ 
ҿʼ½սʹ˲֮׵۹ʹ˿ȻҪ½ַ 
Ԫʮꡣԯ°ȥңԯɻ顣ʱ°ȥǵİС㣩ŶΪҪʥŮ֮λûбų 
¸ֵ꣬Ȼȡ˵һ³֮ңʱ͡ԼֵΪԼ˵ø³ԼȴѾŮӳɻ顣ңӴԶԯΪһӡӨˡ 
ֵܵΣʹ˼ȫİԼֶӶСܱȵ߰ 
ңֵܣõ½ؽڶԿΪ׵ϣռơ߼֮ˣҲͲ֮ 
ȴʼ׷鲻͵ϮӨһΪηʼ 
ԪʮꡣΪһ׽ƾľ츳׽ٳɹʹ˽ 
Ҳͬ꣬һȵġʢᡯʹ˿ϯԯһػһռѷеĺľǹؼ̳սٴα 
Ԫʮꡣ½֮ѷ౻ơ 
ԪʮꡣԲ۷塣£޿ƥСңͻԲ 
Ԫʮ°ꡣԯһˣǿ˲ء¸Ю켶ǿߵܣ޵ֻش½ֻش½ʹľ޵á 
½Գɼòֺڶ켶ȱԴǿͬ񼶸֡ڡܾˡ 
Ө˯֮رϷ鲻šη 
½֮ѷԶħ޾ţϼԭĺľ޾Ŷֻ̡ɽͥΨһľǱԭеķ½ѿڡƺҲʶıܿΪս 
Ԫʮꡣɹֻش½һȱԴ֡Ҳ˫Ķ̳˱ʡ 
Ϊֻ֪ش½ĸ߲ǿеĲߡʱһĲǶԸ޾šҪȥ򿪷½ѿڣһѰء 
жȥңŶ֧֮⡣˶ڹ 
Ԫʮꡣ½ѿеػΪѾֻܶ࣬ʣǿػƼ̳ѿڱѡһع顣 
ʱѾָ־Ҿʮ˺ɱȱ֮ѾԲˡ켶֮ԴܵСͳһ˷½ǿߡԼ½ײгԵԭסԶһ塣 
Щһھۼ֡ҪǿдԶűڵѿڷӡصֻش½һԼ޶һѿ޹ѿϲ 
ֵܽʮδǳһ 
һһļ룬޾ŽڽڰˣҲֻһһսƽ֣һһЩ֮£׷˻ϼԭǵϼҡ󣬾 
һǿƻع飬ǼǳϲһЩԸǿ˷׷׻ֲ̿һѷǵһѷǷһǵжȻϡǣԼĳˣǲŹġ 
һìͷֱָԯһ塣ξ˵İµˡΣ͵ϮӨڵˡ 
Ļ̡̻ 
ԯһ屻һɱˡһǵѾһһֱ׷ŶðֵԯҲԯ׵ܵܡԯһΣԯң׾ѡŶҲʥŮˡ 
˹׵۹ĵһ櫾ȻҶۡһΣŹ 
׷ףڣһǰǿߡ౻һɱʹڳΪʷ 
ֻش½عƽ 
һһ˰ޡӨһžۡǣȴһ޷ĻħӵĵȻԸȫ෴ֻش½ 
Ԫʮꡣһﵽ켶塣һУԿɿ֮ȴΪͬȱԴ֮Դ 
Ԫʮ¾աһʵ̫޷죬Яһ֮ˣŶһҡңһңңȢͨȵͨͨҪƿһȱԴĿ켶ǿ߷ͨڴ˵е켶ߣһ׷Ѱ֮Уʹ뿪ֻش½֪٣ 
ȫ걾 
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ܶܶݶûдȥʵڱǸóⲿ黹°벿ġʱΪĵ㣬˿򡪡ǣЩʲô֮أĻкööûнܡǣɣҪľҰɡܹģʵڸм 
һһҾ죬ٲεľˡ 
տܻһʱ䡣ΪҪȫ˼ȻгĴ١ٶʡ 
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