Ϊ(www.i7wu.cn)ûϴڱվĴ洢ռ䣬վֻṩTXTȫ洢ԼطƷ֮Ȩ뱾վκιϵ
---------------------------ûϴ֮ݿʼ--------------------------------
Ѫڤ
ߣĭ



һ Ѫ
һ ǰԵ

       յıԵɽӣ۾ͦΣɽ´ɭïܣ̲峺Ϫˮɽ崫˵ĸĹΪĹɽ÷ɽ嶸ֱָͣ죬ѩǣˡ 
ĹɽɢŶʮ˼ңԸ֣ƶЩԭסڴ߽磬׳жץȥ׳ˣʣµĹ¶ĸݵĹɽţӴϣԶܹ̫ƽΪ˾ΪҴ塣 

µ⣬СػԼСһϼСΨһһŶĵġϡ 

˵¯ԣ߳¶ͭɫʵļ⣬һͨĳϣô򡣺ȥԳԭں֮ɫһǧѷĶڽ 

Ѿô˾žŰʮһ졣 

ϸĺĺ󱳣⡣ 

ӶֱۣˮӶͷһһεĻպ¯﷢̡ 

ôУϷ⡣ 

ߴϲ¯֮СȽͨ͸ذףһѪ¯Уֻڡһһ¯ѣѪѸѷ֮С 

ˮйѲλٴκ£ˮȡˮճʮɻ֮״Ȼһ˽խֻжָɫںڷ֮⣬޸ر֮һͷڿУһӣ˿Ӧжϡ 

ϲ񣬽еѩѩҳɹˣҳɹˡ 

һֱ̨һСͭС׺лԾ߼֮ϣҡŴβͣǵʾϲ 

ǰ游ĸһ޶Сࡣĸս⵾ճȥɢСȻҲ 

С׺ҲˣһϢǡѰþİߣߣٰҽηСӴ˺˰ߣһ·С֮С 

óϲ֮ͻȻĿ£һɫ³סͷеΪʲôΪʲô 

С׺ͻȻˣʮֶȻϣ𳤽ߡ 

߽ӹϼʹŤŵɹ˵ģΪʲôûܼеѩ֪Ϊʲô𣿡 

С׺СԴҡڰǰ˲䡣 

߿ɰС࣬Сѩİɣû£ȥɣˣؽ 

ڴʱ¿ͻԭձѪ죬Ͽվơ 

С׺תͭȥһ֮£󺧡ҧסߵ½ֱϡ 

߼䣬Щ֣С׺ͻȻ˼ﲻΪҪ뿪 

С׺ƴصͷáֱ֨֨С 

䲻֪ѩΪˣ֪죬¼ǰѳ߰ɣȥĶ 

䣬зҡЦߣˡ 

ȥֻ̽޴ͷ°ȴ˿ңѩȾܡ 

ͷһУ磬ǽû 

һסһ֣ڱп 

һȵȲô࣬õۡ 

룬˺һ۾֪ҵĽδηͨ˽ոճ¯ŷ 

ţˡ׷֮ͷȥһ֮£Խľֻι״ĹѴͷ£Լ׷ 

ʹȫ񱼣ĽŲȴԽԽ 

ӵսǴһӭ԰ߵߣ»Żţ 

ߴ󼱣æеӣ֡ 

һΪȻЦҿǴˣ֡˵ǰȥ 

߼ֱߴٵģܰ 

ˣҲвͬĽŲѵսǴ̽ͷһȻ޹βںֻŵƨܡĻü 

תѵǰһץ֣ץŵؽڿһǴ񣬽жûгһ㱻Ӳ˺ɼ飬Ѫˮһء 

ߴ󺧣ת񱼣ӵһɽ֮صĺ֮żһʹѱǰץĵѪƤⷭ׹ǣѪɹð 

һ֮£д󺧣һɽ¹ȥ 

߽С׺ڻУһţһ·ײʯͷ֦֮µǺۡ 

ɽŷһĻɽ֮ϣ·ߡ 

žžžŲһһһ˿ңһһʯһСľŨܣϸ޷֡ 

߽С׺СһѩұˣԺҪԼˡ˵հκùľ˸ʵʵ˵ɽڱߵȺ 

Ƭ̣޴Ӱڰǰ 

µǳų¯ıǰǺηΪ׷ң 

һ㲻װͿԹ԰бǣǿһȫʬ 

һһͷ࣬һὫ˽ڶȡ 

˵ǣһЦ 

мǹָһԼͷϵļǣ˦˦ӣмǿɲ㡣˵սһ壬¶ʱѳ 

֪Լ֮ѱȫ֮ģ⽣˵ʲôҲܽЩҲ򻰣¶ɫ˵ɽڱԵһɣɽеȥ 

洫ؽ֮һֱ򶴿ڹץϷһĨ΢Ц 

һС׺Ӱڶһɫ䡣 

С׺ССڿһתһŮŮӣѩ׵ڵĳڷƮ裬ѩСһסߵ֣ζٻ 

ʱϴȡһ֧ìȥ 

С׺Ʒ֮ͷһæԼ¡ 

һƺߣìС׺ֱìͷǰС׺ֲìһѪؿֱճѪѩ׵С 

߱ͻȻı仯ˣηеѩʹǱǺޡ 

С׺ɫί٣ȴ¶һ˿Ҹ΢Цڰϣһ˿㻳УҺÿģֻϧȲ㡣˵˫ۡ 

ԼҲȥԼϵС׺ʹ̣ѩɵ 

Ѫ˳ųһε£һ֮Ѫ˿֣ŽζԽԽǿңָ죬´ȡ 

ڴĺ֮Ｄˡ跨ѱŪ 

ڹԾԾ֮ʣصһŻ桰䡱һֱڹӵ죬Ա˸罹̿ 

ʧ淽Ϩڹּ˵ڣﻹбӰֻó޿ͺΡ 

һһɽûƮƮ 

·;лڶ࣬һԭŵֱˣ˺ŶԷɶԷӰȴԽԽԶʧڻ֮С 

С׺ǰʩ˸ɵ 

źЦڶɹ˾ŰپʮŽ٣طͥˡ 

С׺ҡҡͷҲͥˡ 

һ㶣طͥǶҲβ£Ϊˣ 

С׺ͷ 

ֱӣǰѵΪߣ 

С׺ͷʣںδ 

Ѿȥֻ̨·ϣҲжģĻͥȥɡ 

С׺˵꣬תֻ̨ȥ 

󼱽еС㡭㡭ѾԶ̾˿㲻ô㸸ĸ 

ߵ˵ظйС׺òʹߴ٣ֻֻ̨ߡҪ£һҪȡ 

תͷС׺ŮԼȫһеó١ 

뵽С׺ΪԼ̹ǰʹȫֳոסֻС֣ʹȵʱˣĥʲôȥ˳һֻ̨࣬ 

С׺ֻ̨ϣãǰҪͶߡ 

С׺ϲǿơ겻ý࣬ȥǹ˺ӵġҲǵˡ 

С׺޵Ҫȥģɵȫ 

̾˿ȥɡ 

С׺֪ѴӦϲϲ˸ͷȥֻ̨ 

ںʱ͵͵Ϊ˲òʹ֣һ㣬Ųʹ£ʹֻ֪ܲƽձΪϲС׺ϵֻֻ۱ֻ۰ˣ̾˿ܼǵЩǰ£ҲŻлȥ 

С׺ʹһͣʹ˸Ȼֻ̨ȥˡ 



ڶ й

       䣬ң⻥ȻЭ飬Ҳల¡˽Ļʵۻ޶ȣղ£С˵ΪȻ֮ʾʹ䣬ĹȰ 
̲Ϊ֮СǰѰЩ鳼֤֮ͨݣϣûȻδûȴ˳ĳЩ˵жд̡ 

׺䣬ʱ¥ŪǹʤѪ֮飬ʽΪֵܡ˾ݵͬʦѧաֵ־ͬͶܱͥҡȻ¥ȴߵʵۻӹ޵ּ𣬹Ʈڽ 

֮Ů֮δȴϲһ̥кºͻۿˣûͷԣܵȫ˳谮ȡķ硣򸾸Ϊ䱦 

ķʱ¥УΪͽʱ¥ֻնħЦδ֣̰ŷɥΪһ֮ơķ꼶СڼУ¥ÿڼ 

¥ϲ֣һֺķӰ죬ҲᰮɣǴ¥书һѧˣ¥ˣΪϲ缺תȥˣķ粻ģҲɫ 

Բ֮ʣһ¾Ʋ¥ϯС𡣷һ㡣 

ͻȻܲһƬȥ£ۿ꽫æϯá 

ƹѮȴһɷЦһֱĬֻǿԺﱻҶŶ¥ⱾԲ֮ҹȴ꣬Ҳ֪ܷԲµʱֵܣ¥³ʵ磬֪к£ֱֵཻ꣬˵ 

͵ܣ֪Щةͨٲк֮£Ȼһֱδ֤ݣȴŮɫԻճɫ׽һŵĽ̽ҽ̽ѹڴУܼϣȻϷǵţָΣ̰ةࡣ 

磬ةǷ֪£ 

£𣿶վͻ֪ 

ةƽ㱾Ͳϣһܰݣ㡣 

ҲҽշյԭһҴСٶˣѷԸ̵вսǮƷڼˣؽǲɢǸѰ·޴ȥģһδưšַϣи͵ܣ͵ҹȥɩʲ⣬÷Ϊҵϴȥԩ 

ǴɩΪβһߣ 

ĬĬᡣ 

͵ܣô£ȫˣһߣ֪Ҫ۶޹֮ˡ 

¥ֵ֮£ةһΪѣ 

̾˿͵ܣ֪ةٰ跨ңҲָʹõһղϴӦʧȥģѰңѰ˻ᡣˣɰģһղһղ 

磬Ǻָʹд󳼣Ǻǰ˼ɣ 

ǺˣδֻܲѰ﷽ɡ 

¥δ꣬һ׸˽һ׽ס׸룬ȡ°׸ϵСֽͲ̯һɫұ˿ȥ˺Ǵһֽ߽¥һ߼ߵйܼǲɢˡ 

¥ֽд֣֮롣 

ʱ⴫ҵĽŲҲĻˡܼܱ߽УүٱΧҸ 

һɫҰ׵úÿ졣壬Ҫˣ跨ȥ 

ʱŮķ 

ͻȻ¥ȥ͵ܣԺͰиˡ۷£㶼跨룬Ҫס 

һ紩Ũܷƣݶը˰ա 

ｫСķڻﱧ˱ͷԺúʦĻһҪסԺ󳤴ˣһҪΪϴԩ 

˵óŵеǼҵĴұԺΪĹͽһ齻ɡ 

ķ粻ĸ׵˼ɵĵͷ 

ᱧķ罻¥ߣ¥ӹСķҪȥѱٱײǰԺ 

Ƭ̼ԺҽһƬ 

Ｑæķͬƴķ·ۣᣬͷһĿڡﱧССʬʹޡ 

ķŵôģýжвĴҲʮ꣬ȴһƽͷСķ磬ôһҪȥֻʮĶֻĸ߰ȥõᡣ 

ܱٱΧס¥һʱҲָָ¥æСķ֮ϡողغΣٱͳ˽ 

ὣŮǰȫıȴԵ 

ǴͷľɨһﻳеƣԱߵʵһСŮأ˵û˳ȥ𣿡 

Աߵĸٵ磬ȷû˳οֻǸССŮкιϵ˺ʹҲΪá 

󵨣Υة𣿡ͷ 

СܲҡǸ˾һȴԡ 

ȥѣҲҪʬ 

ǡ˳ȥ 

ᣬҿָ𣿻ý𣿡Ǿٻͷ˵ 

֪սкιɣ 

ͨѱة֪֤֣֮׽÷з͵ 

һΪĹ֪ͨк֤ݣ 

սϵһŵ֤ͨݣͽ̽ͷة֪ʹ۸ż޻ة࣬ڻӢΪȷ 

ʱһ˱ٱ׷ſڣڱԺиǲҽϡ 

ҪĳΪ˲ݽŭ 

ߣʵ˵˰ɣҷة֮ҪɱȫңһڡҲǷ£Ҳվ顣Ҫֻ㲻Ȱ棬ǻ˵عͷеɱսӶеĳĹٱӵϡ 

ƴŮȻ˫ȭѵ֣һһǹܿ˺ۣһѩ׵ӱѪȾú١ 

ҲǵУԽܼ˼ޣദˣȴ·ЩǹǿѪ֮һ㣬˫Ŀ죬ԽսԽͣƱˡǰٱһһ¡ 

ڹٱ׺ޱȣ֮Ѫɣһգ¶־壬֮Ҳ⣬úǰ 

ǽҲľѣ粻ػŮͻΧֻ¸޷ֵʱҲֻòϺǰȻ¹ٱ˫䲻ͣƶȴûǰһ֡ 

ڴʱһصĽŲ̤ԺУͷһ˴ڶٱһ޴ֱߵⷽͣס 

ӿȥʮֳأȴ֪װźսǣǴͷ֮ˡ 

ͷкڹٱͣס䣬ߵսǰҼة࣬书ǿӦ˽˱ 

սɨǾ䣬ʵ²ǺαЩ찵ߣҷһĸԲΡ粻ǿͷķϣһ˵ȴ¶ɫةˣȴ֪Ǻα 



   Ѫ

       ͷ˼ս֮ɫǳ¶Цݵս˳ãˡ 
ս˳ãΧĹٱһͬ¡ٱͻȻȥ֪Ǻ«ʲôҩͷŮӲҴ⣬ٴνǰ 

¥ķڸߴԺһпͷ˵סǾ䣬ٱߵǰȡסһѾǰľ建 

ڣװֻɫ֮ûиʱ²⣬дˡ֮ǳ֮֮ϵ߳һ 

һ˿Ƕ֪Ǻιһֻ֩룬ж֮ߣͨڣ۾ȴǳ֮ɫղ۾ĺ⡣֧ë׵֩¶ޱȵצӣ˹ʮӴͷȴСͷϳһ֧ǣźѿȳ 

ͷ˽һСһָǹһһȥͻӴ֮Ҳһǰͣ£㵸˻˻̧֮ǰһ֧צӣᵱͷ¡һ֧צߴʯذҵ÷顣δƽ֩ȥһȥֺ׼ԭһֻǰš֪ǰ֮ϣһΪΣֻ֩ȴˡ 

֩һδܽڽ£̧һ֧ǰţڵϵᵱ¡æϽתǰ֧ǰڶϽ֮ϣֽǶϽҳڡ֮⡣Ի֮ʣһһ߻Ȼܹһǰצ磬ֻһҽУֻצ˵ذ֮ϡ 

¥֪书δ㱻ˣᱻڵذ֮ϣٿСķ§ס۾ķȴͷŤֱֱһУҪһ㡣 

类ڵذ֮ϣʹúˮֱԲϾʹ˰֣нĶϽȫ֩ȥ֩ʮݣδȶϽ̵̧һ֧ǰţҼ硣һҽУ֧ǰֽҼ̴Ҳ˵ذ֮ϡѪˮɹһ޷ʹֻķݡ 

֩סᣬͷͷϼǴ̽زȴѪʱҽеûˣֻ˼£¶֮Ƥǰӿȥ¥һǹȻǹͣԭڵ壬͸ֱӿųǡһѪҳ鶯һŷȥ 

֩벢δʹ˷ſᣬſ죬һϸ͸״֮¶֮룬ֱֻ֮֮͸״֮Сֱ޶ʱطſᣬȥߵĹٱȫ󣬼æţϴ 

¥˴ۿתǿŲˮة֮Ϊηд˵ȹ 

ﱻͻȻĲŵԼںδʱѹԻŮ٣˵ɱزݰҲŹȵġ 

˳棬ֻĿɿڴһȷعݵú˵ҵǷ£ɱҶοĵعȰᣬȻƿڴ֮£Ҫ־͹ʶ񡣡 

ҧͷѪսȥȻԶµõ 

ͷ˴ʱԽҵˣҾʹ˻ȥةͷ˸֮¾ͽˣة뽫ģ©һڡ 

ͷȥة࣬С˶ᴦ׵ 

ͷ˸񣬷Źٱžȥ 

ٱ˻֣һȺٱһӿϡｫŮڻƬ̼䱻ࡣһҴСϿһۡ¥ееСķĲͷķ˫ۣȴûһᣬСȭͷýģָͷѾ档 

ʱճȥĸٽһĺ̵ŤͷȥǾٺһ۸٣ߣûϢҵСʬûУ 

ҵˣڻ԰һȺѾߵʬһ𱻿ˣǸղڻ԰ʱٱɱˡٵһ˿ҡ 

ţá 

ʱһѪķսСȭͷϵ£¥ıˣĿǵѪڸǰ£Ǿٺ͸֮䡣¥սĽ׼ƴһ̧ͷ¶һ½󣬼սҲҪ̧ͷ鿴 

磬Ҹղųȥʱҵū˵ˡ˵˵Ѫ֮ζ̫أǲǻȥɡٽסս 

ս۹˸ڵѪϣôôСģ涼𣿡 

ˣûлڡ 

ãնӣة֮˵رʬգԺ˭Һ 

ǣնӡٺ¹ٱ˳ȥ󣬳ǰȴϿһۡȻ˳ȥٱֻһڴ⿴ 

Զˣ¥űķķᣬȴû˫һ˵ǵʬ֮ǰ 

㿴ղЩ𣿡¥ʵ 

ķͷ 

סǸ𣿡 

ķٴεͷסˡ 

¥ͷķ߳ã˵ĵҶٶ˵ʬ壬ˮϵĳϴŵϵѪˮ¥ĬĬ̾˿Ҫ뿪ͻȻǽ̳жæȥȴһСŮ֮ŮС񡣿Ǹո˯ѣʱվ̳УѱŴˡ 

С񡣡ķ 

С͵ıѣѪ֮еĸףҪ޳¥æСѨһ̳Ծǽȥ 



 

       ¥Ƭͣһ·񱼡 
ķֱֱʱſְ˯ĹٱһƬţķ罫еĬĬĽ㡣Ҳ̲סۡһ޳ 

¥Сķ˳һҲһҲԼȥΪܡ粻Ϊ˱סȥһͬɱУͬ 

һ·˳ţϡٵĵ·ߣ֪˶ãԶԾһƬ֣СķССķѾۣſ˯ˡ 

¥ķ۵Сʹٿͬ˯С̾˿ҸΰأָúȥδأڴӣѾܹǰһȥ磬Ʈˡ¥ٴ̾˿֦ѣ¸ϣĿϢ 

¥ʱδȥֻҰŻûöãŵ˱ǡķŵʱҡߵС¥¡¥һָֻˡҲĶˣӹͳԡ 

Сҧڼʵ壬أ 

ķһҧһ鼦⣬ȴҲʲȥˡ 

¥СͷС񰡣ķĵﶼ˺ˣԺ󳤴ˣһҪΪǵﱨ𰡡 

СƶǶĵͷǵһȥﻹ𣿡 

ķҪһŻѣϵı鲻ϵı仯š 

¥̾˿ûлشС񣬵ͷԺôкõ壬õӲбĻᰡ 

ķ⻰ϱ쳣䣬ʹļ⣬̻ʵĳϵҰ 

¥ԼҲ˶ӡվɢѵˣˡ 

ķһĸ¥СҲæϡ 

һ·ϣԽԽһ·ϣķ˵Сȴʱ¥ҲδйСľм࣬ҲͶСĿͷʹ 

һСٴοʱķСƵڵأĵˣﶼˣɱˣԶˣֻܺúøʦѧ򣬳Ϊȥ˱֣ͲҪٸǡС꼶СȴԹɫҲٿ֡ 

ģ;˾סˣ¥֪ѽ뱱ڣԽУԽǺ䣬һտɳѩɳãã޴ɱܣ絶¥סСڻУֻ粻εСԼȴ˿ùǣͷĻɳ಻ԡ 

ƫƫʱСΪ·;¶ޣȴȾϷ纮ȣ־塣¥нֻþͽסУ跨ҽΡ 

ԭÿֻͣޣ˽аգӽиľ˼ӣһ˱ֱŵСʮֹУ򣬰ҩ֪Сĸ˫ԽӰ²İչСתʮȥˣСҲĺת˷ȴʮ˷򸾱¥飬СΪŮ¥Ҳǻϲ밢ԼһС书С棬˰ռС¥ķ˲伸İɽϿݣҲ 

Ӵ¥ķ˴ɽȡƷʳ⣬˯Ķķѧ֡Ψһǲ֧øǳ뻯ķ缫ȴǳÿδʦɽ͵ʦò͡ȻʦһɽԼһ˱ɽ 

ʦˡķ米ϲڽһ 

ȥأҪ¡¥ߵſڿűѹСķ硣 

ǡķӦɽȥ 

״壬״塣ķվһɹŰǰл 

һ˴̵߳ݸķصˣȺȵʡ 

ķӹһںȸɣЦЦлл״塣ѾˣҸ˵㣬Լɽȥˡ 

׵ڻˣȥɣʦͽҲס 

ķ罫ʣµĲѵû£еÿ˳ˡ˵ߵˮױߣˮͰߡ 

׿СķıӰЩʪԴӶսˣϰҲĹ뿪Լ͹µһˣҲˣˮҲǷһɽϴʱˤҲɽϿķ磬ķ罫˻Ժ˼Ĳ͵ˮÿķʱ䶼̣ܶȴùů⣬ǰǰµ 

һˮױˣ״ķȡ±ⵣŴʪӲķͷϺϵĺˮȫǴȰ˷߰ɡ 

ķźˮͰˣʦҪȥʦ̵һããҪʦˡ 

ײÿķɽȥˡ 

Ǽķף䲻ϲȴòҲΪϲڻȡʱҲʱЩʳƷķ绻ƷǮҲ߶ֱӻɽʦԼ˾ͻó֮˼ȥļˡ 

ÿ¥Сķ͸޾˸УǰͻһҲʱ龰̻ԭһݺة;١Ȼ߸ƣɱ̸ףֻԼȥ˺ɱһֻҪܱ˴֮𣬾ҲΪϧСķô죿ѵܲѵԼڴɩǰԼŵԶԼԾȪµĴɩأķȥ˳һܵ԰𣿰¥ĨȥµˮԺֻǸģĽķ硣 

ķǳѧĻѧһѧͻᣬܾһݱøΪʺԼΪ־ɱС¥ҲƣԼӡķʽ£ٰãԾķ硣 

һ󣬰չȻԼÿһɽѧաСǼѣҲ൱飬ûþŽŪˣɹ˺䣬ˣϲ¥Խأʱ¡ 

һ߲ðյûӢȥ֪Ӣ¥Ӣ˵룺Ͼ˺ÿˣüͷԶһ𣬵ǰкεȳ֮أ˺һ˿¥ϣ¥ƽʱԲЦֻܰʱɽϴֻϣܴߣϣ¥ķơԭҵСݱӢþ˸'׾'.¥Ӣ޳ΣҲϣ¥ķɺװڡ 



  

       һգķɽ񣬼һȺԼ˾ɹСǶˤӡһСյһɫ·ǴͷС˵˾ʲôǴͷСתͷķ磬һ˿аЦϣһֵߣȥ˵ȺСķ 
վסСķȵ 

ķûдֱǰȥ 

Сķ粻ǰһͻȻ뵽ʦ£¶书ǳԷؾ곤ǿ׳һ½ƵڵϣҲһߡ 

ķȥһߵĲСһƨϣµˤȥһСʯͷϣȺСЦ 

ķӣһֵѪعͷŭС 

С߸ϵĵְСȴߺţкȴζĿţڵķ練ÿһϵʹһ 

"ɣΪʲôҪ۸һͯķͷһԼɫСкվǶĵк 

̨£߿ǸɣкһС 

кߵķ߶£ķҽ̨Ϊʲô֣Ӻǲ˼۸Լġ˵Ŷķһֵ֧ 

ķ翴ֿ֣ͯϣɫһͷסֻ֡һԾȥкŤкһҲһӵϣ̨ҲǰЩкŤǱؾСޣܿ챻Ⱥкѹ¡ 

СһȺСñףǱȴ䣬ϵˤǰŤСÿһˤЩΧкԱ߻ 

̨ɣڴˣҲȥߵȥһεεȺкĻ 

һͷȥķ磬̨Ҳͣ´򶷡һŴ£ѥӣӵñ¶ںڵķ裬ɫ֬һ㣬ѩɰСŮվڲԶ˵תߡɣæеӣȵȡ߽б߸˹ȥһȺкҲԶȥˡ 

̨׵ķ磬̲סЦ֪һЦҲʹԼҲһķĶȥЦͱˡķ翴̨ӣҲ̲סЦˡֵҽķ磬סǱɽϡ 

̨סķֵ֪Һþ˼ͲҺûΪ㲻Цء 

ãķʱߴӵ 

ǸղǸСŲ̊Ҳվ 

ԭãһΪɣáķϵĻҵ 

̨౻ʹ˵ƨɣɣľϵĶӣľҸ׵Ľֵܡ 

Ŷķ˵ͷ 

˻̨ʵΪʲôǰûЦأ 

ķˣЦݣָֻƽʱı䡣 

̨ˣҲ׷ʵҺϲ㣬ߣǽֵܰɣ 

ķͷСߵһѱߣ˰ݰֵܡұ䣬Ҷ̨꣬·ݽϴ˴硣 

磬ҪˡʱˣҲûȥʦһҪˡķľ̨ 

̨סķֵߣȥһɽʦ˵ʦͲᷣˡ 

ķҲþʹֿ̨̨һͷá 

Сͱ˲߸˵ɽȥˡ 

յſھɽĻӢӢѪСҪкķæָŵϣ˸ĶӢͷ˼СŵﵽϴȥϵѪ 

֪߳¥ڴķֻ̨֣һȥ̨Ҳں档 

ֻ¥޳Ӱţվҵλ֮ǰķ羲ĵͷʦ 

̨һ¥ŵŵϸ֦ûд 

¥һת׵һ㶣̨Ȼףףȴһָ߹ʡ۶ķ˵ô¡ 

ķŵŵİɾ˵һ飬Ȼ󽫺̨֮Ҳһ˵¥ˣǰ龰ϵı˪ڻ˵ɡķ̨ԺһҪúϧ塣СһۣȻĵ㡣 

Ӣһֱĵվſڣʱ˿ת˳ȥ̨ͷ¥ʵ𣿡 

¥̨һ۵ǡ 

ķ翴ŻӢȥ¥ӢĺƯʲôʱҵʦأ¥һһ죬һɣķסڣ˲̨ȥϴϴ 

кҩ໥Էϵ˴ʹʱ˽ķķ磬ô˳˼Ҵ𣿡˵ҩƿķҩ 

ķת߿Լˡҩƿһ£ͷֱԼ̨ʱʲôĶģôҲŪ 

̨һǰһСôǰͯŮһÿ̲ס࿴˼ۣʱǻ˵۾Լ˼ĵͷ 

濴Ų̨Ǳ̲ס֨һЦתȥҰ̨ĵתȥˡ 

̨ҩֶķķ磬ʦҪϺҩȥԺеء˵תȥﻪӢȥˡ 

ķ缱æԺС¥ҪķŤĹϸϸ˵Ҫ¡ 

̨ʱվǰۿķ磬¥ΪʲôҪ 

¥һ̨ҴΪƽʱúù˼ץͷʱȴ֪³㿪߽ţûߵ˼ңԼͱˤڵϡ 

ķ̨ϸϸһ룬Ȼˡ̨һˣ¥Ұɡ 

¥ץҡ 

̨һץ¥ͷ¥һһ̨ʱˤˤú׺òʹŭΪʲôˤң 

¥㲻Ҫҽ𣿡 

̨ͷһ룬üЦ 

¥ЦЦ첻ˣԷɣ˷Ҫɽ˵䲻Ӣһ˿ᡣӢһ죬ȴǿġ 



  ͽ

       ķɽµĹ״үˮ̨ǣȥˣײɣˣɣ̨ǰЩ컵Լ£ȥһץ̨뽫ˤȥ̨֪ջȥ¥зϰȴѧ˸߰˰ˣɣˤ˸˲档ڵˤúòʹȥΣ̨ˤˣߵ˵ǸҿҪˡ 
˵ܻסȡǽϹߡҶɫùȥĶ˵ȥ̨ 

һ󾪣æȰľĶӣʹá 

ɣֱȥ뵽ľҸ̨ô 

æ˿ľľӪбȥ 

ķ̨һ˾ʹɣ㾲һ߹ۿ̨ȴĻϲֽ̨ˤˣǵȴ֪ϴͷ 

ڴʱɣһ̨̨ķһųһ亹ԭɣ˼˸£̨ 

ɣЦҵļ˵һɣǼವһ̨ȥ 

ķУѽһ˹ȥһƿ̨ԼվƲȣһƨڵϣͷ䣬Ǽѵǰŵôסˡ 

Σ֮ʱֻһǼһ֧ͬʱڵϡɣԼļ䣬ŭҪعͷȴľľһվ 

ľŰѹŭǼ䣬ҲЩ¡ľϼЩľĺǳɣɣⷢӣʹʹˣá 

ľҲ÷ǿŭľϵˣʱ֪أҲֳ֮Ҳعָˡľ˺ɣȥᡣ 

ľ濴Դڵϵķ磬ķʵղŲ𣿡 

ķͷ¡ 

ΪʲôҪȥƿľָָ̨ʵ 

ķŵŵصɣҪ̨̨Ҹ硣 

ľñȡһøķ磬ȥɡ 

ķȴ˫ֱҪ 

ľЦķͷ̨ͷȥ 

ڶգķ¥ָ㣬ͻȻ߽ŲǻӢ棬æҪķսʱһߴнϲų̆վߡǴЦ⣬ƵС̨˵Ϊֻһ·򣬲뾹˸֡ķðСƷˣʦ֪һᡣҽľ棬ðţ֡ 

¥һľ桱֣һ㶣ķ̨֮¸һ֪æȭ֪󺹼ٺᣬʧԶӭȴ֪Сͽܾȵӣ 

ľЦҵȲԭʿôڣǡȻ֮˵һ顣¥аϲķССԡȴ󺹹ˡ 

ľ¥а޵Ҵ 

¥ɻʵֻһСС񣬲֪к£ 

ľСС䣬ΪͽһΪǿԺ󳤴Ҳɱ԰֪Σ 

¥ۣķֵ̨ʵʡٿķͶ۹⡣̨ķǱķ֮ġ¥΢Цŵ˵ͷ̨æ¥ǰĿͷʦ 

ľϲķֵ̨ܣԺҲҵĶӣʲôѴܸ˵ 

¥һǴϲľԺķ籨绢ᡣæҪķҲľͷ 

ľķСС䣬ȴӢˣϲķͷȥ̨ɣҺʦЩҪ˵ 

ķ̨ϲϲĳȥˡľСȥ󣬷¥ȥԼְȻ¥ϲٳֻϣܰķ磬Ǿܾľ֮ľ֪ʿԼʽҲͲǿСʦҡݱȥԺÿ²ɽӴ¥ķ粻ٿΪ 

ķʱ֮ʱЩ֦ϵȥҲʱ̨ɽҲѧЩǿ塣 

ķ̨ʱɣŤ򣬴ԻֲԱ¥ơȻϵȴԽԽ١ԾɳǴܺȥľǶ״ÿһ˻󣬵һԹһΪҩķȻһ˼ʱʹÿʱ˶ҿķƽʱһű˭Ҳ֪ЩʲôķߵĶ͸Ķ̨ȴǣߵĶ͸Ķķ˳ӶأĶȴֵܽð塣 

ӢԾɽÿ¥һŵλĬʱ¶ʹʹӢġ¥ĲǲΪӢ뵽Ѫ𣬲֪վͻʬͷθҶԻӢŵ˻Ӣģÿÿ۹⣬˵Ļȴ˵ҲỪӢȥ˼ӿƣֻƽϣӢԼȥȻӢȴǲ¥κ£ֻĵĵȴĬĬĵȴ¥ĵĽ֪һȾǼȥˡ 

ķʮ꣬ɿƫƫ꣬˿ʱ춼¡ԭݵȴԶǧ֮⣬˫ȴǧıѩʱеĽһ׽ʹ쾡¡ 

ķ磬ǶˣϢһɣһޱȵŮ˹ֻһЦһŭԡ 

ķ翴һŮ˽С潫ԼԼݹȥķ翴ҲûһۣԹȥСϪˮϴ浱Ƕˣ֪Ǻá 

һӢˬˬļѹ׷棬㣬Ҳȵҡ̨ 

һӻûһ̨һɵûҪҡ˵Ťͷˡ 

̨һ㣺ôˣ 

ʱһֻϣһһǰЦֱ˦˰ 

̨һµŮ˸ۣǰе棬ȵҡδ䣬׷ȥ 

ǺŮȴԶȥһЦҲ׷ķ緽ȥ 



  

       תｫľȫҴСƼйշ򸾺ͻӢҲȥľ˼֮ĸɽָֻ徲 
ٹվҵļգӢ뿪ķһһǲ֪ƣŽ 

¥֪ķйеıʹ̾˿λǰóĴţУ֪нҾ硣 

֪˶ãͻ˵ӡ 

¥һͷԺվһһСˡԼʮ£һ£Ʈݣˬ٣տȻ񣬱ϱ˼òĳ֮վһԼʮҴСŮӣҲһ£ףȻѩ׵СȴްѪɫ·֢ȴбһ١¥룺˺øߵ书֮Уܲĳ֮ڵıС 

ӵª·ɽ£һѰª˳֣ţֵ֡ 

¥ЦЦмѿԶֺ롣 

ӻ߽ԺУªͩΪСŮ 

¥һѲµһͩ 

ͩЦЦֻ˼ȡЦĳƺֳص档 

¥ȭʧʧС¥ 

ֵͩһǰԵһ¥ʧ٣˴˵⣬ĪǾֵڴ˴Į֮У 

¥ЦЦʲôһֻͣ˵ֳЦ 

ͩ־ͨɣϧһȻֿ֪ɷԸһͬһ 

¥һϲͩԺǰ¡ͩȡ֮ϣԭһ٣ֻٳԼߣںľľֵ֮ö֮޵١ 

ͩʵ֪ϲεӣ 

¥ޣΣ 

ͩЦЦ꺮ɰȻá 

˵еơ¥Ҳɸ֪ɽˮ壬˭ϳ˰ͨϵ޷졣һתǰգӶЦ¥ϾƲˣԽԽͶʶ 

˵ķһͷɱһĻĻǰеıʹͳԽԽ޷ƣеĽҲԽԽ죬̲סУһ߽Уһһ·غݺݿߵľֻҲҶ׷ɡ 

ʹġһߴ 

ķתͷһδİСŮıһվǶĵ߿Ůȴ߿ķҲټǣعͷԾɿеĽݿ 

ŮķŤ˫ۣߵƽʱ¥ڼʱʯǰٷ棬Լϯضʮָӣʮָһˮƽ˵Ķ̣˵İο 

ķϵĽӶ˻󾹿ϣĬĬţԭ޷ƵҲƽԶ 

Сһվһ֪˶ãվСľ٣Ҫĵ뿪תķ˿ϵķ磬ɱԶĺĺûпԼһۣعͷ߿ˡ 

ٵʱ¥֣ͩټôСС꼶ⷭΪ治װֵ书ΪΪβһЩ书أ 

ͩ¾Ʊ͵ҲСŮ֢ɣ 

¥ǣ嵥͸˿˿֪ںιʣ 

ͩ̾˿˵ʮǰʢһѰͯͯŮ±ϱԳмֹ򣬾ǰȥ֪գƴϣȴҲˣܺ˹ȥȴ߻ħ˵ɫ˱䣬ضԵ֮Թڻ 

¥ݵ֮£ҲǺأ 

ͩ¶ʹ֮ɫڼ߻ħҲƴ˹ΪҵԱȴˣʱ˼סһԼȴǸŮˡ¾ͻкƽʱûʲôһԲ֮վͺ̹ǣ಻ԡ 

¥˼ԭˡ 

ͩŵǴʮҴ߱£Ѱҽ·˵أ͵ȴ͵֪ѡ 

¥֪Щɵҽ֮ 

ͩתԼ⸽棬𣿡 

վٵáȥ׷Ϻˣȥˡ 

ͩ߿̾˿ǰѰҽʥҲ޷ɽ⣬ֻǵʮѰϸ˼ңԻͺ֮࣬ɽ 

¥ü־ȻѰʦ壿ʦĴߣѰң뾹ΪѵʦҲ޽֮ 

ͩҡҡͷ˵УҲûʲô𡣡 

¥˻ 

ͩү˵Ѱһ֮ˣǴ֮ĸԸѪӡǴ֮˱˴ͶϣΪ֮ãɽ⣬粻ܳڱģΪ֮ǰ˷ͲٿСⴿ֮˿ν˼亱УѰ̸ֺסѰˣֲ֪ǺεˣΪ֮ôӺ̸𡣾Եˣһҽʥķӡ֮Դ˷ҲǲеˡӳûĸףΪ£ǺҲҧǿ̡ʱοңҪҲõģ֮ܰĴҲֻΪ֮һϣҲԴԾȪµްɡԲ֮սȴ޿κΡ 

¥˼һӡ֮ҲʦѧҲͽͽҲΪ֮ȻͽĮȴ֪ɷ֮ 

ͩԴϲִǡϲǾԵҽʥ˵֮ˣǵ¥˵ĮǿΪ֮С 

¥յ֣عڵǣСסЩӣѰշܷСͽĹۣ 

ͩϲ˴͵ˡ 



ڰ  ٽ

       Ȼʮֹɣ죬ˮ 
ķһ㶣Ҳͷȴ룺ǴӺζ緹ã˽ȥ 

ķԶȥӰҲݱٸ˹ȥֻķ粻ҿ⻷Ӱˮÿ԰ٷʯϣˡʱʱ̾ϢƵߡ 

ķԽ鶯硣糿ܴķڻ֮ʿһµСרĵٵССӰƲеСӰ㣬֪ΪȴĶһ㡣ķǱ˪Ϊ֮ 

ʱ¥ͩһôͩķӰ¶ϲõĹâĵͷٿŮרĵٵӣοЦˡͷ¥ȴһϲĿҡͷԣͩҲͷӻһЦĵ˿ˡ 

ϣ̧ͷķ磬۾һ˿ͻȻϤӦԼ׽ˣԼȴûмķҲʧ˳ϣķ˵ʲôȴķٴ˪ֻǿԼеĽһۡľ٣ߡ 

߳Ǳͣķδ̧ͷĵ˵ͷȻС뿪ˡ 

ȻķǿͷģŲԶȥˣ̧ͷԶССİɫӰ 

Դҹм˲ǰķͰԼĽİ˱˪֮Уκ˽ӽȻССŮȴײıȦӵǱġһ̣ٸе䣬پùµ³ʧȥζǿ԰Ǳ˪ıȦڣֶôٴθů 

ķڰͷҪЩͻԼԴ˿˽󲽻صУ¥һδİߵǰСŮǰߡ 

¥кķȥ壬Ϊʦ½ʶĴ硣 

ķؾصıȭͩ΢ЦŵͷҲûʲôõóֵ㣬Ҿʹ㡮Ϣϫɡ䲻ʲôķȴǿ塣 

¥һϲ֪ͩĶϲڹķæлл塣 

ķٴαȭлл塣 

¥ָŮǼ˰ɡ 

ķЦЦķ翴Цݣ˴΢΢һ죬ָֻƽʱĮ 

¥ķϱ鿴ȥϴֳԷɣ˷úѧϰ˵кͩò͡ 

ķϴϣҲ˵£ͳԡͩķСȴŨüĿͦ䣬ȴŭԽԽϲʦƷͽҲ˶Ҳ޺֮ˡ뵽˸ǹЦٿ¥ȴҲϲʱĸвˡ 

ķ룬Ѿȥϴˡ 

ķͩѧϰķķԣգѾ硣һһ̵СӸ˼ζ֮ůɴϲһԾûϵһԾȴƽʱ߳࣬һæ¡ 

ͩڣﰵޣһԺһչ⾰˳ЧֽληõһԵȫķ硣ۼɫҲҲˣϢɡԸѧ񣿡ķϲæл 

ͩЯķֻص׾ӣѲú÷ˣ¥ģ¥ס΢ָ䣬СЩ֪ôĿǵû֢ĥò֪ԣ˻鶮£Ҫεȵļ͡ŮԺķߣӦķĸݡ뵽ܸķҶ¸õ£ԾȪµĸɩҲһο 

ʰ꣬ķ絽¿ˣ˽ȥϰ 

ķ翴˿տյʯʡЩʧ䣬ԭϰһ˵ЩʲôķԳһЦһӣڵСӸתϡڿлһߡ 

ķ緢Զʤڴǰһʱףһڵķǽƽʱѧʩչ鶯࣬ӳĽҲԼ˵⽣Ӱ֮Удϲò֪ԼںδֻƬƬҶ׷ɡ 

һ׽꣬ŷվʯ֮ǰ΢ЦĿĴ󾦾ųݵĹâķһ죬ѽվ 

Էʯ֮ϣķȴû轣ֻվǶ̧ͷķߵǰ 

ЩȻͣµ㴵á崵úǺû뵽Ҳܴ˺ķһ졣ЦЦٴβңķҲϡ 

ķ翴ŵе˼صǰصԼ׷ڸ׺Цʱ׷ţͻȻײӭףױסƣǵСףóΪǲȥϵĺˮߵĴ½ǡ 

һת˸׺ʦȥƣʦļϣڸ׵ļϣСӲʱĴţ㾾ҵķ裬㾾ͷٲʱľ׺ʦĶ䣬׺ʦĹЦ 

ķı˪ˡͻȻһһѽ̽ƵؿڣǸ׵Ľֿ֪жǹ͵̽˸׵壬Ǿ޴֩צסףĸ׺ĸµĽ㱻һࡣķñһ䡣ǰͻȻһͣ˵ҷ֮ɱȫңɱȫңɱȫҡķüһŤҪһ¡ 

ͻȻߵͻת쳣ƽķһ㣬˳޵ȫˡֻһССİŮ·һ·Сͯǹе 



ھ  ׹

       ķϵת䣬ɫƽˣŷ 
һֱŸ׵ѰҽûйѣҲûҪȥύʲôѡǵһοʱһҿ֪ΪʲôűȴҲ뿪ǰȥĨƽһüͷȻֻܿӰϣ￴ԼȻյӣСС֪ˡԺûһѣûǣҵˡ 

뿪٣ķʵҪ𣿡ô䡣û 

˵ߣһԼϲġ˼ĸϲģȥ׻û̲ɵʱÿγĸ׶ڼе˼סķ粻ʲô˼ȴʮϲĬĬţķ紵꣬ǡ˼ĸ׵굯ֻǸΪĻꡣ 

ķţˡͣãعȥɡ˵׾ӷȥȴͣɰС˲õЦæСܵߡ 

ķգգ۵ЦһЦöÿЦһɣ 

ķŤһ߶Ļǡ 

׷һûЦɣǲЦ𣿡 

ķһ¡ 

һЦתͷԶıһѩ׵СǻƯ˵߷±ŵ٣ߵСԣȥϸС 

ķԻعͷǶСһҪ 

һ㶣ؿķ硣ʱͻȻýݣѣûüȥ鿴һᣬЩɶ¹ȥ 

ķ粻룬ȥסһɽ¹ȥ 

Ӽ׹ǿǣķͻȻһɽ׹䣬һŮһѩһסӵֵĻǰŮӽϼ꣬Լʮ꣬ģȴϡơ 

һСͷʹǻʱʧͷ԰Сһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ȴؿԼȻѣܲ鿴Զгϴ£²Զһʯͻӽͻ֮λʱڱһģӽȥסӲ˳֮ϣݰڰɽҡڡ 

ķסμԿԼʵ𣿡 

ͷ¡ 

ķ£Ϊʲô۾ 

صںڰȥ֮ǰ뿴ģŲź 

ķͷϸϸһ룺ֵһŮǲˡ 

ķ˵ͷ 

ķüǻ 

ЦЦĴȥ̧ͷȫķһ֧֮ڰУ˿һʹɣ 

ķҡҡͷۣñңû취һ֧ȥ 

æסķĲӡ 

ķ𣿡 

۽ʮָ˵ͷķֵסôѼ֣Էſ֡ 

ֵͷá 

ķɿץסֻصֵԻҪ˰ʹ̧ۡͷҪĶ֮ߣ룺֪ܷ֡µҲֻܾΪˡ뵽ˣҶͣȫȥ 

ÿסԼʱ򣬾ͿճһֻסҪɿ֣ԼϢÿʱķȻƽûκα飬ͷµĺ֪һڷ᳣ѵ֧šҲͲ϶ϢۣҲҧһ𣬾ķΪԼϢĴ 

˾һķʵĶؽȥȫ󣬷סıһԾϡ㵽ƽʵϣ˵ϡ㿴ңҿ㣬ԷŪûͷ̲סһЦЦȻܺÿ 

ķһסЦݣһյסϾЩΣֲǷΣȴһѪӡ˸ǵѪӡЦݽסˡٵסķ֣̯һյѪģѪðķһֻ֣Ҳˣ᲻Ծõ 

ķæ֣ŵû£ޡ 

ķ磬˺泤ȹɾϣķ֣ϸĵΪķ翴űϸİõ֣ﾹӿů⡣ȴסˣֻǳĵطǳܲ˵ģı߾ͺǲıҲݡԺ󿴵ˣƿߡ 

ḧǰõ֣֪ˣң 

ķԵȥɡ˵֣ȥ 

ȥٸеллҡ 

ķŲͣͣǰȥЦЦӿŲ档 

¥СһദҲѪӹһ˿졣æղ׹֮˵һ飬˼оշһֱ˪ķ羹̶ʱദǢ⣬֮ǰĵǶǶˡͩķðķԽ࿴֮ 



ʮ

       ڶûķɽһ񣬴ɽǮֽʱ˳ЩȥµɽͻȻɳʯϣϺòʹķֱ۵סͷɳʯúΡ 
¹̽Զ΢ 

ķ簵ѵɽˤ˲ɣ˼Ѱȥ 

һһսиͷԭ֮ȴǷһֻ֮ڡֻͨڷһëνýȻʱȴһϢطڵϣһ̲ѪˮƲᡣԼ֮⡣ 

ķ֣ɽδֹޣڱȴ֪ӺζΪˡǰʩȣԷһʱԾ 

Ǻڱƺķ˼ŮСҡ 

ķȻ˵˻úһ 

ڱˮҲ˺ģҡ˵Ųӣ¶һʪС 

ķ綨˶ýǰԲŶȥʵڿɴҸôܾ㣿 

ڱֻ򴦲֪δˣ˿ƤⷭɹɵðѪ 

ķڸժЩֹѪҩã˿ڴѹסɽвҩʮ飬ƬѪͲķ˺ѽڱ˿ΰסֽˮȡ£ιЩˮ 

ڱֹסѪֺЩˮָЩгм֮ɫлС֮˴Ժصر 

ķ˿޴󰭣ʵǴӺδΪˣ 

ڱұڤޣУۿڽϼҴ֪·֣˼ٻغϣ붯̥һʱʹֳ̣˻ңֻݡȻе˴С˴ѪֹΪɥ˴ȴС磬ηˡ 

ķȻ򣺡Ҿ˵ǷΣԭŪġ˵ͻȻڱ˵֮ʵ˵СǸղµģ 

ڱͷԱƿЩֻСèСδ۵СڱСڱ뿪Ļ۵Ŀ 

ķ۾һÿɰС 

ڱȰؿ˿С̧ͷķС磬һ󡣡 

ķ翴ŵ̳ԵСк£˵ǡ 

ڱ˻ұȥڤ֮£ȻողأСȥܷʱСԺ󶨻л 

ķ̧ͷźڱ㾡ܷȥǣҶúôԺĸꡣ 

ڱվСһתϰУڿǰϥķ˰ݣһȥ 

ķССĵرڻУűϲߡ 

ص׾ӣڳæˡķ磬ЦҪɽķûд𻰣ȴһ˿ů⣬ʱϵĲȥȴƺϰΪˣСϴ׷ŵ˵ˮС 

ķ߳ȴ˻²񣬽ССĵؽŪԵι 

֪·СģҲСĽӹһʱ۾һÿɰİɣһúιġ˵ЩɲݣС߲˸Сѡ 

ķˣһٴαϲɽȥˡ 

ķصɽ磬ԺаŲ˷ȴûߣҲûӰﾲĵأһ˿ķ硣 

ѵʲô£ķһŲŽŰűߡȴͩ˫ü壬ڴ߶ʱ̾¥һߣ۸ͩת 

ʦû£ķһҪȥȴ¥ʵˣķջظո̧ĽţϢź 

ͩһüøصغһոշʱҵ˯Ѩݻʱʹ࣬ȵԲ֮ʱ޷ʩˣֻܿԼˡ⼸һֱܼǿ⺮һǿһ֪꣬ͦʱ 

¥Ҫ߷÷ӡ֮ 

ͩͷҡø˹ĶƵأɣɣ꼶ףǳвܷסںˣֻ֢֮пδ˵ͻȻͣſȥ 

¥ͩɫ죬һſڵˣ 

ķԽԽתȥʦлֻվӦǣʦ 

ͩһɨղŵ֮ɫɵɣҶˡ 

¥ȻͩǲԸķ֪£֪ðȻ֣Ҳͩ޷ˡ 

ķȴòͣں˼ڷ˱ԼԱˣȥˡ 

ķתԺӺ棬סĴӣԾ룬˯ڴϣ˯ѨʱӦ˯ߵߡֻɫ԰ף˫ü壬ӶεĺˮͣĴӶͷ£֪źεȵʹࡣ 

ķڴ£סΪȥϵĺˮȴ۾ϲĿ۹ͣΪϡķһ㶣εջֱۡ 

ŬļһĨЦݵȻЦݺܿ챻ʹûˡ 

ķ״ʵ䣬ʹ𣿡Լš 

Ȼɵĵûµģͻã㲻õġңҺܿġ˵걻һϮĺ䶳ݡֱ죬һʹСС 

ķæޱʣͷµĲλ˸ʵ 

ʹԻ֮￴˿ѾιСѾ˯ˣġ 

ķʱŷСĽųͷ˯㣬ȫڣղžû 

ķͷʪ˵Ҳ𶯡˵ҧָѪָŵͷĿѪüĴ롣 

һůӶͷȫģϲҲʹůůĺƤԽԽأ˯ȥһʱ䣬ͷϢ룬Уķḧüƣĵ˯ɣԺ㶼ʹˡ 

ķ翴üӡµһǻĳɰ˯оȵĺĵЦˣƣվӣҡҡλȥֻ߳ѪϢҴòܣǿס 

ſӭžȰҲ֪¥ͩվ˶ãղŵһв֪Ƿ񿴵ˢһǵһŵŵؽʦ塣ʱѹסһɣһ˹ȥ 

ͩæһķ磬ڻעķڡֱķ԰׵Ѫɫͩ¥ŰһֱɤϵķŻǻֹһյʱ̣ķǿ׳ˣͩջ 

¥ӹķ磬ͻط䣬ϱӣ˳ͩȥ 

ղķϾ˼ķްˣͩļʱɵǶǰֻɫ󣬺ȣ˿ռ֢״ٿͷϵɰ档 



ʮһ  

       ʱѾˣԲԲСԼ֣Ȼģȴһ̹ǣ֡漴뵽ķ絽ķѪַԼüģ֮գ˵ͽǴ֮ѵҽʥүү˵Ĵ֮жҾ 
뵽˲Լǰȴ˵ʲô͹֮ķԼĵЦˡҪȥ˵ллңҲûϵĵ뵽´ȥ 

⣬һҲĵģ֣˶ȥĶˣ 

Ĵ£ƫлŮĿ֣֮Žŵ˹ȥֻƫһεӣ˴ԼжλǰаλƣһдϸᣬһдŴĸ˿ 

λһվһص¥һ߹һкһŮТкɫľȻĽһһŵֽǮŵ֮УԾĻĳȼգķ硣߹һŮͷĿˮһεȴá㻺ǰ¯в¡ 

ʱķͻȻվѷſ͵һķ翴һޱĳ˳ȥˡǹڵϵŮҲ˳ſʱҲ˿ٿķѾԶæ׷˹ȥ 

Ϫȥһôµʯͷ£̧ͷϵղŵĺóġôƣһʲôشĲ£뵽ķıʲôˣϣܿת뵽Լŵĸף֪ʱۡһ紵һ˿˿⣬ȥ΢ĽŲһǰһ˼ҿæڴ档 

ķ硣һŮе 

ǰĽŲͣ͵ۿȥȻǰķ硣ղſǸŮķǰ棬δɾۣеһֻķıӰķ磬ѵǾͲһΪұ𣿡˵ǿ޵滨Ҳ 

ķ绺תȥΪȥˮˣһҪģ㲻ȥˣһ㡣 

סΪֵǵļ˶ˣֻˣѵͲܲų𣿡 

ķֵ֪Ҵûų㣬һֱ㵱Լá 

ˣұֻС죬֪Ҳҵĸ硣 

ķüתȥʦǸ˵Ҫ㶨ףѵԺӲһ 

ķһµҲ֪¡ 

ķ粢Ĵ£治֪ѵ㶨µ»ǸСѾͷ˵ġ 

ķתҵȷ֪£ֻ뱨𣬲Ŀ˵Ծȥ 

漱еߡ 

ķͣɽ¡ 

һֱ߰ɣ 

ķɽµϣƽҪپѪ֮С 

üëһĸҲǱɱģôܰĹƽ 

ķ˫һĸҵҵĸһҲΪҲűɱģһȥġܼ޸˼ңĵϣģҲϣġ 

תķǰ̧ͷķĲףֻ߲ŻῪ𣿡 

ķ絭ʱ䳤ˣһжı䡣˵겻ٺ˵ȥ 

ķʧӰֻǿ಻ԣ޶ȥ 

Զ̽ߣ߱룺ʲôж£ôû˵أΪʲôǽôѹأȥҲûףɴ಻ˣѾܺˣ¸׵ģæӿ˽Ųص׾ӣֻķſڵͷָֻյĮ 

߹ȥлл㡣 

ķ԰ûһ㡣 

˿üϵɳֵлл㣬ûз䡣ǵһԲʱ䡣˵Ҳʱһû˯šԸԸ˵ҶҪ˵ллĺܸм㡣 

ķû뵽ôССһСŮ̧ͷһ˫ڶֿŵ˫۹Сһɳϣղ˵Ļϲһ죬漴ԳϹʲôֻǸСŮԼΪʲôվѵΪûڷĲŵ𣿡뵽˸֪˵ʲôתطˡ 

εϣķԼ˵ʲôһ仰û˵ֻҲתطˡصȴȥŸ׵ֱۡͩͷû˰ɣ 

šҸ۾׵Ļ 

֪Ϊʲô𣿡ͩȰؿŮ 

ţ֪ڸ׻У۾ 

ķòãͩḧŮɰС 

áϷЦݡ 

ϱòãͩŮϴδйĹЦݣҲͬЦݡ 

ʲôϱ۾ʵ 

Ժ󳤴˿һߵˡͩŮɰС 

𣿿ķкܶ಻ĵ£Ҳϲ˼ȻСŮ֮£˵һķ磬ȴǴˡ 

ķСʱһЩܲҵ£м˶ˣԺܲģԺ󳤴Ҫ취ģ֪𣿡ͩĶСŮҲЩ˵̫磬ϣЩ˵˵ĺá 

֪ˡֿ׵Ļ۾ܿ硣ͩŮϣϱӣ˳䡣 



ʮ  

       ڶ죬ķ¥ſеΪʦһˡ 
ķæԾȥʦԺУ˵չṦɽͷԾȥķ缱æϡʦ֮¥⿼ķ磬ṦΪ˺εزӿ첽ȻķǲĸŲҵġ¥ﰵԳޣɽͣҪһߣɢɢġЩ˵ 

ķعؾӦǡ 

¥ŰɽϵƳ˰Σǲ֪οڣ÷סϵĺܸм㡣 

ķ紹ü׵ͽֻԼġ 

¥ŵգǾҪɽˡ 

ķһʧ֮ƽԴӸĸȻ̨ߣ̨ʱڴߣʱЩŤ̫ܲϣ˵ĹµԴȻٴִĹµ 

¥ûŹķ΢ı仯ŵȻⲢܾʹ˽ϵĺԺÿ꣬Ҫһηӡ֮ʱδзӡ֮ϵĺͻӱķǷ֮ʱɽܣá 

ķ˴뵽ֻһηӡûʲôϵһˣҲǣ뵽˴ѿڶˣҲǣ 

¥̾˿ôСС꼶˶£ԺˣǸŮϧ 

ķ翴¥¶֮ɫʵʦ⺮޷ɽ𣿡 

Щ¥ǵһοķΪ˭¶ɫЦεİţǴ˵ˡԲ¶ɫĵҲ޷ɽ⡣˵ס 

ķ˰죬ʦûģһյĵĮ̬֮ߴٵʦкη 

¥ķ˷ʩӡ֮˽Ϊ򸾡ΪǶ»£ǳΪ飬Ʒ˲ԺȻ䣬㿴Σ 

ķһһͿѪһ㡣 

¥״ЦЦȴ̾˿ϰԺҪԼ컯ˣδһηӡ󻶣ĺҲ⣬ͷɳͻ֮ʧȻϵĺȴýˡ 

ķɺףɫһʦ²ɡ 

¥һ㶣ʵΪΣѵˣ棿 

ķҡҡͷҼҳδǴΪȥļ˱ģԺδ֪ˣ 

¥ֺûأԺ󶼲֪ǷȫˣȻҲ޺󡣡 

Щʲô޺´ĴķһҲȥһҧС 

¥˫üһʦĻ𣿡 

ķͷǲӦʡ 

¥֪ķԸǿεص꼶СԺ飬ȥɡҲȥǽٶ跨еİ 

ķһƬңʦɽ󣬾ֱƽֶȥ¥һķ޳ıӰԵ쳣Ĺµ˸У̾˿عͷȴɽĻӢһ˿΢Ц߻ˣӭȥ 

ӢһƽնһȴǼղٰ˼¥ĵгҲϲú˼иǿϲҲ˺⡣¥ӹӢİڱϣҪתӢͻȻסǴֲڵ֡¥ӶʱǶͷֻӢ۾κ飬ѹסͬӢ֪лδɵ£ǿܾսᣬ޷ԶҸҲɡ 

Ӣס¥죬סҪ˵ģĵĵҴӵһμ֪ʲô£ûҪʲôŵҪľǺһ𣬲ܶã¾һ꣬һ£һҲáεľɹһˬֱֱӵ׻ǵһΡ˵꣬۾͸ӵĳȣҲ򼤶Ӻ 

¥ȴŮˣһֱǿԼѹסȫ߽ˣסӢ֣Լεıڻз·һ֣ʹӿʧһ㡣ӢͻҸͷϵϢ۾һһжӰ 

ͻȻ߲ݴ΢졣¥ϷſӢȴһֻСҰݴԲˡ¥˸ոձ˵񾫣ͷӢЦЦĿԼϵĳ컹δȥһ߰ɡ˵׾ȥӢ¥ıӰҸЦˣԼĵȴΪ˽ 



ʮ  ¥

       ˵ķʦǷһƬңһ뵽ҳһ뵽ʦЩͽ̵뵽ССĲ԰׶͵뵽зǧӾһôҲⲻ 
δ߽֣һϤ˲֮顣ķתȥһ£ǰɫССӰרĵĲŪеңҪԼ֮һ㡣 

ãŽִ̧ͷ֪ʱµķ硣æվˣ 

ķûлػ𽣾ֱߵƽ֮ٴȥᲦŪҡһһ಻֪һʱۿ쵽ˣķ˽뿪 

ͻҪˣȻҵĲ˵ҵܻã˭Ҳ˵ҲʱȥĸǶˡ´β֪Ƿ֮գٺһһ𣿡 

ķ֪뿪û뵽ô죬ϸղʦһ֪Ĳ˼򵥣˵ӲǽǶˡ 

ڶ˽ʯʱһӰķߣ𣬵ķ磬ҲȻϣһãֲȥʦȥҿòã 

ķֵ˲ƽʱĮšһȥعͷһվǶĿơķԶæ׷ȥ 

۰Ͱ͵Ŷȥ١ص׾ȴһʮɹŮĻϲææ⡣¥ͩһ̸ɡ¥æ»Ӣ̡ 

æȥ񣬽Ӣ̡ 

ӢղžͼһСŮбһٽһס¥һ˵̲˲ϵˮסɣӴþ͸һ˵㣬ϻʹ𣿡 

΢ЦŵͷķĸѾʹˡӢ̣Ұһɡ˵߽ٷһߵʯϡ 

ӢСС꼶òɣϲһȥ 

ͩ¥ЦٵżգȥӢףȢ˹ɣ¥һŤŵŵһ仰Ҳ˵ӢڳҲߵͨ죬ȴ޵ǡ 

ŻӢӢһϲɣǸܺõˡ 

Ӣˣ죬ָСԴСѾͷ㶮ʲôûЦˡӢͻȻ뵽棬ǿֿɰôأ漴뵽ǶףԺ˭˵أҲͷſȥˡ 

ڶգͩȻɽñ˲͵ӢСպ͸ľ˼ܺճɾʯͷȻܣѡĺӾٰҲ֮Ȼϲصæ׼ױ 

̨󣬵֪ʦͻӢҪˣǻϲľҲɽŲ·ɽһ¾ 

̨һο̲ס࿴˼뵽ôԭŮŮ·һ㣿񣬻ͷЦЦĿͷڹҵ˽еҺõ㰡ʦĴϲ֮£ƫҿɲǡ 

˵ЦĮ̇¡㰡á˸źЦ 

̨ٺ١ظЦǻ˲ɣعͷԲ۾Լʱܷ׻˵ĺãʶΪܣȥȥķƻҧ 

ķȥƻеǲǸԵģǹƷͷһƻȱһ飬̨һۣƻظ 

̨ԣ̺ǿƻ۱ԼҧһڵƻɫΡں״Цʵ಻סһ̨ƨϣ̨ߵǰܳķ翴ѣ޿κεҡҡͷǱ˪һҲ̲ס¶Ц⡣Ź̽һĻתͷЦķ۾ϣﷺů⡣ 

ǰɹķ׽еģظ衣ַ֣Ƿ붴ֱʱ֣Ҳžɢȥɽָֻƽ 

Щ̻صУιСĳ˯ȥҪˣ֪ܲٿ㡣 

˵գһָССԴֵˣķǵ𣿶ˣ㻹ûأ㳤ôڣͽкӰɡ 

Сĸط˸СͷСӡСɰ˯̲࣬סССԴס˯ϮҲ֪ʲôʱ˯ȥ 



ʮ  ճ

       ˯иеڴߣȻѣһȻһӰһţҪſڽкһֻס죬Ϥ£ҡںڰϡֱķ磬˵ͷ 
ķֵڴ㣬㴩·ٽҡ˵Ծȥæ·ỽķ硣ķסɽԾȥɽһƬ٣Ƕ֪ķʱΪδԼˡҪѶʣķɽߵĴʯ¶¡ȴ䡣 

ߵʯһ£ٺߡķϣ˫ԶߣںڰйʵĲӰķͰְһÿһֱߣҲȥǳһƬһƬʵڿʲô 

ķ翴ǰĿбӣ졣 

߿һۣͬĺڰķֵһڵʱúƷƬڰ˵ֳĬˡ 

䲻ķ˼ĿԶĺڰһƬڰ˵į֮С 

һһ߳ɻҰɵƣɵƱٺ졣յƶ䣬Ͻԣ˲Ϣ䣬ϼƽϵããƺΪһ壬̫絰ưƲ㣬ȽȽѣ䣬Ⱥ御Ⱦһο״۵ľ󣬻ϲֱ֡ 

ķ翴ĵӣһĨЦ۽Ƿ𣬵֪Ϊʲô𣿡 

ҡҡͷķӦþ̫һһȫµĿʼȻкھղŵĺڰһ㣬ڰͻǲõĳ⣬Ӧ̫һĲá 

ˣջһֱԶĿ⣬ķϣĸм֮Ũĵͷһ̫ġ 

ķЦϣܽҸ 

ͣͣصķҲӦ̫һ 

ķȻһ㶣СＤˡ 

ֽĿתߣ˵ÿ˶ĿҪҵĲҵĿԾϵĿҲЦԣΪֻҪԼ֣һȥġķ磬һҲԼĿ̫һһԾЩģ𣿡 

ķϸϸػζĻ𺳲ѣһһɡ 

ִϣķʹ˵ͷԭ״۵ĳӦĸѤˡ 

һˣƲѾɢȥϧĿգҪ뿪ˣߺҪúιӰ 

ķӣ 

СҸ˸ֽкӡ 

ķ硰Ŷһ˵ͷ 

ϵЦ⣬ʵԺٿķ𣿡ķ翴һֻۣǵĵȥɡ˵꣬סɽ 

ص׾ӣһˮķҲƽһˮ̸Ļ⡣ʱĵȥˮķҲ˵ĲᣬΪˣԼҲס 

¥ͻӢû»̰˯Ȼ»ϲûСͺͩ¥򸾸ķ磬ϣܺԼ˵ʲôԴӴɽͲٺԼ˵һ仰ǿŲˮĬĬĸڸɽȥˡ 

ķ˽Ծ֣ȴûȥ䳡ɽ߿ͩһһͷӰĳһֱǵӰʧŸ˸еĽ䳡Ծȥ۹ⲻԾɨٵʯʡȴһۺõѩ׵˿ķ̯˿һССġ֡һҳֽ˿ķһֳ𣬼дԶķģķٿʱһ̫һġϣҲ̫ܿһķ硣һĨЦķǴ 

ķ磬ڿʲǫ̂һķæ˿ֽһۺã뻳С 

ûʲôķɫ΢졣 

̨ķˣԽҪķ絽֮һƵ棬ˣ 

̨ԹȻתʲô棬֪ϵٻʱķѾܳԶķȥķ׷ȥܱߺҲ׷㡣ת䴦ȴʦһʱղסţһͷײȥ¥ڵء 

¥ü⺢ôëëŵģķȴµվ¥󣬺޲øһȭķ⣬ʦǰؾΣֻóķ˸ʵʵվķߡ¥ȥ 

̨ķ磺˵ǸͯСﶨףǲģģܼ᲻˼֮ࣿ꣬ٺЦ 

ķһۣą̇̄ĹķƤЦղĿСͯĶ֮ 

ķ̨Ծ壬֮ʱ䲻һŲ̨ϡ̨ʹŽֱне㣬㣬㡣ķȴһȵһ㣬̨Ҫǰ˴ķ硣 

¥ǰһ̨Ƥͷ·ȴţķСŮ飬ֻ˶ķģǲһ׮ţ̲סЦķɫŹֵĿԼæסЦǰС 

ʱһȥˣĻ̨ʧˣҲǸСŮˣ¥ʱͻӢ̸֪ͩѼýˡķȴĺ֪ˡÿʱ򶼻źվɽԶΪ˼ˣҲ⡣Ȼȴûһֱûг֡ 



ʮ 

       ĭ 
ããĲԭϣƥһֻ쳣ýڱ׷һȺ񱼡 

Ⱥɵʱƥϳǰȥɳһһ޳ӰӰٴ䵽ʱ壬һƥһֻ꣬ݰףʱ¶Цݡһƥһ֪ʲôݵɫֻֻ꣬Ҫһ۾ͻȻһȴ˪Ҳϸս 

꿴׽һֻǰȴһ׽һֻЦӮˡ국һЦ 

ƥһһŮŮĽޡǺŮӢˬˬĿˡеľɫ 

Ǽ׽ס׷ϡŮͬʱ԰ķ磬ҡǰķ磬һȴ̨Ů˵Ҳ֪ˡ 

ķȴһ֣ŷˡͬʱ΢ŭ㡣Ȼ治ںĵĮӲ˵ 

̨һϽϵŵУϲЦ⡣һᣬĿ֣æתܿ˭֪еһȴ˳ȥյĺһۣȴĵĿЦ¹ƽˡ 

ķ翴˿죬߰ɣϵءֶźڱӣߡķǰ 

գķ翴ѾӵĹ˵©ˣæʹȥȻ͵ʱɫû޲̨˵ڶһȥֵķɱȥ 

ס̾ƣһһݵСڽ̾Ƶݵķʱ˵ķ簡ʲôãǲ˵ҲҪĸˣҪôȢϱ˵ţ˸װ̷ڵϽеӡӻõԾȥʳ̡ 

̨еЦĵϵ㣬ɲòġ 

ϵ˿ֿ棬һЦķ̨ϷЦûһ㣬е뱧˶ͳȥ޲ˡ̨Ҳæʸ˳ȥæ磬Źϵ緹ֵع顣 

ķص׾ӣҨˮϴ¥ˬʵЦķ֣ʦԸһЦ 

ʱһ͵ܣٸϰģ־͸ˡķһϲȥ塣 

Ȼ¥ͩ𻰣ȴδķһѵûһͿ쵽ˣȴһǲǳʲô⣿뵽ˣһ˿亹֡ 

ͩͷķ磬Ļϲһſڣסķ磬´ֻǰһ޵һɫֻ꣬ɽгȴû˿ɽеĴҰɽеϡǰķӣȴǰɵſڣԼ߳ͷ 

ķͩ˵ӣ뵽һˣʲô£廹ô𣿡뵽ˣֻʱĻţƽ˼⡣ڿԼǲҴ⣬ϴ٣ȴͩ״𲽼Ӵ 

һյĹķ治ɫͩ¶֮ɫջͷ¥Ц͵̵ܽĺͽܰСС꼶ȴɫȶѵð 

¥ķ磬õˣСгɾҲ㴫֮СͩԸǹЦ 

¥ķҲ˰ˣȥϢһϸӷ硣 

ķҼȴֲÿѶʣ½ʦ˵ֻ˳źߵ֣ϣʯ̾˿ŵߣǰһӡȻմ˼ڣȴհʵһߣԾȥ 

ķеӡ 

ͻȻžžžķû뵽ˣһֻӴתһŮķŮˣæͷתһߣҶ࿴ 

ŮתͷȥҿԼꡱһЦķȥ㻹ǵӡ 

ķӽ˽תֻŮһϮɴİ£ԼĪʮ꣬òףϵһѩ׷ǵ֮ơֻǼ˲ѪɫԵ쳣԰ףĽëһ˫۾۲ﲨԶָġֱֱһŷۺӣСڣ°Եó˾֮Ůأķһ֮£̵ͷԲٿĵŮӺ죬ĶͻȻԺֳǰһ׹ʱԺгֵǸѩŮӡ˭ȴôҲ벻ˡ 

ķ磬治ϵ𣿡ŮƵĵ˵źӵͷǺӺãûҡӾȵŮѩ׵֡ 

ķһٴתͷϸĴŮžϡǰСӰӣһ紵ͷ¶ǳСС״ɰ 

ķһϲ˸ĹâʱԼ֪˼ܽݸʾ֪ʲôĸ顣οڼҳδǰŮ˽飬ܸ˳ŵ 

ǿѹеϲãӲϲһ˪Ӳİ۹ϳԼٿȥʧ˫СȻ˫ȴճ˵һҲȥĽŲǾĿϡе 

겻ĶԼһ˿漴ٴλ΢ЦĮǰӦϰ˵ġԼÿ͵͵ĿȫӢ޿޵һֱС硣ǰ׸Լ˵£ʱײȡ 

ԭǧ˵ǵ˼֮ʱȴһ仰Ҳ˵ֻϣ߾ͺáû֮ʱķΣˣȴֽԼĸİûзǻߣȴ˻ȥ



ʮ ¶

       ĭ 
˽ŵʱһֻСӴӲݴδӺ滹׷ϵӰȥ뱧Сá 

ķһСġΪʱӰͻȻˣӲջǰ˵ӣȴյûֱײϡ˽һתƽƽȵķֱһ£²ˣһ޿ɱȥ 

ķæȥһסСһתȵڵϡһڣСҲӵò֪ȥˡ 

ȴΪСܵ໥𱸣ķһŮվǶɰױ죬ɺסķæִÿ˶һۣʱߺ졣 

״աŵŵšǰȥָʵķ磬˭ 

ѽµĴһһƲû뵽ǰǸСѾͷ˾ɫθˮֱðܲζ 

ϸĴп࣬һķѾҪͷʹˣһȻһԭ涼ɫǰԵð޹ˡ 

Ǻܴ󷽵Ķλ㣬þòˣһֱɺ𣿡 

㲻Ը⣬Ҳֻǿ 

ķ粻ԸЩŮӾȥ˿ķôų̂䣬Ϳ̨һѲ̵һ·ķ״ʵ̨ʲô 

̨ͷϵĺ˵ҪԿӣҪҼء漴󶷼һȴûӣؿˣæʶȤסӵĻ⡣ 

һתȴվķߵаޣһòŮӡ̲סֶ࿴˼ۣǰֳһССӰЦߵߣ˸ 

˸СŲ̊硣 

ķСϱ̨ԴŹһ漷ŪüĿķ硣 

ķԭߺԽǺ졣ķҪ̨;һʹͷһѿҪԵظղšһѡٿ棬ɫҲòĶȥ֪˵æϵһôϣٴƤ֮ࡣ 

ڼ˾֮ʱ 

ԶХ֪ʦкǻȥæȸسԾ书ֻߣͻķߣٴסԾȥů⡣ͷŭգԽ 

˻ص׾ӣӢԺбһʢľƲˡϯ䣬¥ͩ߸衣Сȴ¡ӢֿǸķĽ֪ģ̨İȴܡٿʱɨķﲨ顣ķȴһ֪룬ǵţ⼸Ӳ֪ΰŷ׵ 

̨汾ɽؼȥȴͻȻסӢùãʦҪ壬˵µ˯ɣһҲæҲһʦɣ˶̨֡һҲӢ˿֪ܲСӵ˼ˣϲأôµ 

¥Եɣǵﲻ֪Ǻιҹᵣģ첻ˣɽȥɡ 

һֻȥʦķɽЩþƻ˳ɣϴûĴ߶ҲÿĮľɫаʦƫġаһƣ׷˵ʦҪķɽ棬׽Ūһһ⣬ʵкκð취 

ааһЦǸޱɣǰ˵һͨüЦףҺϢɡ 

̨ȥʱֱɣסȥɣȻԼϲֽŶ֪ƤϣۿɣɣԽӲ֪룬ѵԼоˣҪôʱˣⷭҡηʵôˣ֪ǲʲô£ 

ͣͣһæ˵ȴǸ¡ 

ɣһǴϲ֪ʲôõõΪֵģΪһҲΪ쵽 

ЦЦǲõˣҰ㿴¡ 

ɣһѵ̽Ҷⲻɣͷҡø˹ĶƵĵ򲻿ɣҸ˵ˣ꣬Щ˾ȥɺأôȢŮӣ 

һˢؽæǲˣ 

ɣһǻĶ˵˻ڿɲܾʹ˵СˣҪԺĻ¾гԸҲ鷳㡣ǵ֪ͻȻⷽ뷨 

תأЦŵʦһ֮Ůòɣɽ棬͵͵ȥ⣬ȥס⣬ͽ׽ˣ͵͵ͻϵϼȥм򲻿һʦ֮Ů׿һһĽ֡˵ǳԲ˶ߵˡ类ʦ֪ɸǴ 

ɣ룬ºð죬ȥֱ׽˾ǣȥϵʲô£ֵⷴҲաһӦ 

ɣӦϲ֪ͩ򲻿ܽɣģɣľϵĶӣɣԺĮɾͲôˣҲͲķˡԽԽɣȥˡ 



ʮ 

       ķԺ񣬼Ӣе꣬ǰһææ⡣εεȴ˿쳣Ҳʱ͵͵һﲨװµİͷת 

ҹڴϷȥߡʱ޿̲ķ磬ٴεټоȻĮ׽ֻǶʱѼ˵оߵߣƿ۹еǰԼôԲʱȴԲΪԲԼߡ 

ԣͻȻֺڰлһһ޷˯ӰֻԺеĴһˣϸһķ硣ɵ¹£ϡܿ޳ݵֻں֦ϣһȣһִ֧ϥϣҲ񣬲֪ʲôɵӰˡ 

ķ̾˿ҪݣæҪشܣȴķԾſڣһ۾Ϳվڴķһ£ڴվʵ֮ҹ𣿡 

ֻԼĿǻʣæҡҡͷķ粻˵ʲôתطˡ 

峿ʰ׵ķǣſڵȺʱ˸յɽţȴ̨棬˵Ƕ 

һµҪȥҲǣǲɵģҲҪȥġּķȴֻһƥȥԼͬ΢Цлķ翴˿ˡ̨Ҳȥ 

˵˵˼УѺǶɣװż͵͵ɣʹ˸ɫɣһʱľǼˣֻС 

һֱֱĶԼôҲҲסˣæתȥķɣʧ̬ǲãȴ÷ڿֱЦ̨ɿɣɣŻعżԶȴ㡣ΪԼԺĵλȢǱȻģôɵĹŹҲϧҪԼ׵ģ跨Ϊ檣ԺףҲ޻˵˻ȥЩ鱦α¥ͩס 

ͩľ֮ӣֱӵʹԵСŮ˶»Լɣɽǲʡ뵽Ҫ跨ؽ֮£üͷһһƣѰɣ˳ʹɫ»⣬ķЩ롣ɣĸ֪ɣױ֮¡ 

Ҳϸó£ڼмǰ֮ֻ쳣ķ粻ɨˣҪ̨ǼԼȥƷΪʦơ 

·ϣ̧˸󲼿ڴҴҶУҲδ⣬صȴ̨ζĿˣȥ˺δ˵˵ǰҪڴ˵ 

˵һҲ˱㵽ǰεѰϰǹȥʱˡķӹһ˿֮Сǲȥ𴦹ȥˣڼѰ˸ҲӰ 

ķɫѲ磬Ҫɽͩ¥ģȴҪ˵ʧ֮¡Ȼлȥ̨˷ͷѰҡ 

ķڸת˼ȦԲ٣а޷ʩʱ²ȵһ̧һȴһ鷢ε꿴ˡķĴͻȻǼ̧Ų֮ˣãǼ˵ķ׷ȥѹãȴﻹЩ˵ټķ˳ŷһլǰȴɣĴ 

ķڹսǴֻ˵Цɣ޸ǳѰֵ˸ɰСС꣬.......˵Ŀίѡ 

ķˣתԺΧǽ⣬ԾԺСڴլѰáнŲæڼɽ֮󣬸ղغΡͼһɣֻɣʵ"ʱû˿Ǽ˻ص˿ɣͷȥɡ 

ȼ뿪ķβɣһƫ֮ǰֻһŮӺȵ˭Ϊ׽ˣ"ķֻڴͱһСףһɫ԰׵İŮվǽǣ˫־һƿּɣЦĵҽڼмڹ֮ɫ˺ףӦˣ꣬ȹЩԲ֪ʶôһڻؾҲ͹ֲˡҲҹ˲ùˣ췹ǲӦҲˡ 

־ŭ׶˻Լģ㲻 

ɣһԼˣңΣ޳УҪж٣Ǻεȸ֮¡ 

ɣͽֻƤϸ۵Ҫγˮһ㣬ڵ˫ŭôģյСۺ콿ۣظ׷ò¶Ĳȴѩ׷ۣСһաɣ˾ɫŮӣƽʱԼһΪ˵֮Ҳѷϼ֡ɣѵǰ 

־£еĻƿɣҽȥҵõֻһ׶ 

ķڴôŭƴӣȥɣʹһ٣ٴȥ 

ʱһҶеټ죬Ҫ̣үҪӿȥͬһͬǰ 

ɣһɨˡһۣĲ鲻Ըĳȥˣֽϡ 

嵽ſڣʹҡţÿķýԾȥס죬Ҵȥ 

һķϲͷתķķĽëϲöԼ֮һ뵽ղڴ˵Ƕ»ԼġﾹůůġҲ䲻ߡסԾȥ 



ʮ ĸ

       ɣסԶķŽӣſղܾȣŷûվסķæסᱧڻУչṦɽϱȥͷķ绳Уһ˿ɬһ˿ο̧ͷķ°ͣȻģΣյʱܻ֡ҸĻԼǸǶµģǲ֪ǷԸһ𣿲ôԺȳˣߵĶҪĶġҪΣգҲҪߡ 

صɽϣӢվſڣɽ¥ͩԺжȥһǾͱǰ˼˻ŵȴķ绳УæΧ 

ķ˵ɣΪͩģһʱ֪Ǻá 

ҶԼķȴһֱûԼ˼ߵͨ죬µûʲôֻǸղŲСŤ˽ţԡ 

ͷķ͵ĿһЦݣȥյſڣ㶵վǶţϵı鲻ϵı仯š 

ŭĿ߽ݣعͷȴķɫŹֵĿǡķ翴¶ˣɽȥˡ϶˲ŵɽȴǰ·վһ˰еĳҲ̧ͷǣȴķ硣 

йŵŵĺķ˸к߲˸߳ԺĵԺ캦֮£ݹҲǡ 

һͷǿҼʱʲô캦֮£㲻Ҫ˵ 

ķ̧ͷۿһֱãĺʧֻȫѪҺҪסˣͷԡ 

ȴǲˣɣȥóԺסģվͻؽϣֲһ˿һ̸캦 

ķǰĿֱֻƽʱķĮȴƽİ顣ವģֱķ۾ͷ 

ֻķĵɣ粻̨ҵֵϣգҾͲ㡣Ϊ֪ 

һѵɣʲô̧ͷķŭӵĿ⣬뵽ԼһƬģΪ˸˶Լ㱯ʹиŭɣʹ޶ȥķҲԼһۣҲ׷ȥ 

ķ翴ԶȥӰ̾˿̧ͷ죬ԲԲѸ߸ߵĹյıԵֽ֮ҹˡӿʹ 

ȻҶ׷ɣķ簵˷úϤ¹ȻһƿͣԶվһֻӵĺڱȴǰֻڤޡ 

ڤеķǰرݵлСĸ֮ 

ķЦЦҲֻǾ֮ͣһȥ꣬ɰã 

ڤ޵ͶǹңС޹ȥڤС˺֮󣬾̽ЩȻЩһ㣬һڤС޹ȥ̷Ѱ̽˳Сȥ 

ķڤ޾ϵӺӹȥģбʮᣬĸϵҲǺӵһϲ£Ӿɽϣȥɡ 

ڤһ㶣ӣ 

ķЦЦǸС֡ 

ڤԴϲҶˣǺð 

ķ件ϲҲʮֿǰ·ڤȴסɽ 

ķ絽ֻʮ꣬кڱ´ϲԾޱϡڤ޴ķȣſ֫ɽȥٶ֮죬ķĿ࣬Ȼķ䱳ȴ쳣ƽȣûаֵ 

תۼһһѵСԺſڣڵϷת˶ƤϷˣڤһӣȫӯ 

ķµеӣ 

ԾſڣͷĿڤޡڤ̲ס棬໵ỽ 

һȥڤϰšĸطΣһᣬΪ֮ݡ 

ڤ޴ƽķҪȥˣСѧüɣ֮ա 

ӱؾףִ͸ķߣʱҪ뿪ĸ֮ڣԽܣķߣ 

ķҲԸᣬȴԺӵĸȥɡ 

Ӽķ粢ԼίһҲϳ 

ḧźĸѧ˼գǾͿټԽùԽۡ 

ӻɵĸףڤ޵˵ͷվ˳еķǰķ绳˰Ľò䵽ĸߡ 

ڤķ˰ݷźӣٴλɿȥ 

ķ翴ű񴵹Ҷʧ䡣 

ķӻĸһ˲ġ 

ķû㣬ĬĬطȥˡ 



ʮ ̨ŭ

       ڶ峿ķһȥԶԶȴб٣ѵʯʱߡķ磬˸ķ絭ĵͷķ羶ֱȥУḧһ½ 

ֻ֮֮죬ѲǰȵˡҲֲǽӰӰһ٣Ūķһ겻ټ¯࣬ÿһĻꡣ 

ǰһμķ磬ķйеıʹ۾Կʹ⣬ȴûǰĸķȴƽÿĽ춼ʹһ죬ֻЩѧ˿Լ 

ãķ˽ߵ£ͷĳëڴߣӭ 

˼ȴƮԶԼһƽļͥûѪԺܺһٴǺεȿա 

̧ͷӭķ˫˫жΣſţˡԼ֪ʱͣеҡ˾ľһ㡣 

ͻȻһСʯӴϷ˵һعͨ죬æͷȥķСʯӵķȥ̨֪ʱһŭݵվڲԶ˼վϻָƽյĵĮ 

̨˵ɽԾȥ 

ķƮƮߡδվȣ̨һƵشķÿֺ̨һơķÿ̨ƶ򲻵ķ磬Խߣּ̧Ӵӽת۰йȥˣķֻǶ̨֡۵ţʱһôϡ̨֪ԼķԶֲģҲȥֱķ̨Բϰݣס̨ӹ̨״һֻһȭķסһֻ̨֣һ߳ķ̧һѹӲֻ߳Ľѹס̨ŵضãӴŭſ 

ķ㲻ٴҾͷſ 

̨á 

ķſ̨̨һȭķ˵˲ٴġ 

̨ȭ˳飬֪֮£ûŮ壬Ҳ۸ 

ķһɫһ䣬תȥ 

ְ̨ڳ⸱˵ΪʲôҪ۸ 

ķһ仰˵Ƕ 

̨ʼ˵첻˵ˣֵҲȥˡ˵Ӿơ 

ʱֻһӰһ˹ס̨ 

ԭտɽԽԽԾѰһɣļˣЩ˼Ҳһһʮİɣ췹ȴ֪֮һһʮ˵ 

ӼǺɣ뵽ԼǧҲԽͣԺкĿķ磬࣬ȥ󾹿һҹ 

糿̨һɽ˫ۺףԭ֪ɣȲ֮£˵óڣֻһζĿֻ˵ˣķ硣֡ 

̨϶ķ۸̨ӱֱ˵ͳɽȥķ硣 

ߣ϶ȥѰķ磬̨ķʧæ˹Ϳ̨ҪϽæǰȥס 

̨סԼյ֮ˣ㻹ʲô֡ 

ĿϷ֣ס̨޵ķû۸ңҲһվ飬Ҫɣؽϣɣ˴ġҲ˵ȥڵϡ 

̨һ˦ŭ㡣ɿĻȴ˵ˣŷȥ 

̧ͷķ磬ȴһֱʼղ˵һ仰͵ʶԼһ㣬Խʵ治Ҫ˺ġǴСһ󳤣ѵһ㶼ֻж̶̽Ӵ𣿡 

ķˣҲȥˣһڵϿ 

ķȥ󣬴תһȴɫƽʱΪ԰סתͷȥЦİɡ 

߶µ㲻ģҲûʲô¡ķ׵ģġ 

ԣعͷֻǾᣬûаֵֻĵ׾أ겻֪ǺεȳɫҲѹķͬﲻɵ̾˿ 

ֵǻȥɣӢһȼˡ˵գ 

ص׾ӣӢæķһ߰ɫղ֮δһ㣬̨ĹĵĵһۡЦЦȥﻪӢջ 

꽣ղԣ֪Ϊ֮£͵ۿķ磬ȴ֪뷨ּƽĹһ̨ȴǶҶԣﵽӢȥˡ 

Էʱ̨ͷԷһЦȴһŷҲСΨķһв֮ͬ 

Ӣ¥ҲоӲͬƽ˭Ҳ˵ҲʣΪǼСֱŤˣûˣҲ⡣ֻһǼвˣкǶԡֻǿЦЦشŷ 

ͻȻֻˡһȥֻķ뾹ʧϣǿЦЦװûһ룬ͷȴ¶һſźˮڶͩվȻһӰ죬ֱߣȥ 



ڶʮ ηӡ

       ȴķ磬ֻҡͩȥ¥һסҡҡͷԷڵĹԼӦͩͷĵȴĵĽʵڸǡ 

ķֻûӱ䣬ͣķǿ̹ǵĺ;ʹķ硣 

ķͷ԰׵СڴϣϰȻԼӸڣ¡һܿûµġ˵ӷ 

ͷķḧѩ׶ͷϵĳɰ漴ҧָѪɰϣ˹ʺѪһһעɰУ˲ʱ䣬СɰԽΡյ蹦ٷҲƽˣ԰׵Żջֻȫ۵Ҫ㣬ڴ˯ˡ 

ʱԼԿķ绳Ļ쳣ůķȴڴ˯ˣƽʱĮʱӤһ㰲ȶصĺϲ¶顣ŵĴȴжССһǾһһǳĽë 

֪˶ãֻë˶ǳ۾ˣ˫һֱ۾ϡһ죬æķˣɬĵͷ뵽ĻСķȴסĶߺ̧Ĳ쿴ɫſվ߳ȥ 

ȥıӰоԼһ㣬ֺǰƣôϤһҸ֮Ȫӿȫβ𣬸ÿЩȥףһΪԼġ 

˵һֱԺе˼ķɫǲ԰ףΧҲԭεĴһķ磬û°ɣһеķ磬ô 

ͩסķ󣬲鿴ֻƽȣ˿δѵļ¶ȵı顣ķ翴ˣһůûˡֿ¥е۹⣬ֵҲܺá˲˿ 

ʱ߳ԭƽʱ԰׵СʱȴΪԼŪôۣв͵ۿķʱѲǸղŵӣһı䣬ֻ̨һͬȥ 

˵ķղСϢҲ۳һĺ̨һͬȥϪˮϴ衣̨Ǵ֦Ҷ֮ˣϵĸȥˣµˮˮڿķƽĮؾֻʮֹ꣬ˣŽ·ϴ֦ɹɣԼȴϪߵĴʯϣͷƮơ 

̨תͷ˿ߵķĲϲ𣿡 

ķƵ֪Ұ涼Լӡ 

̨㲻ϲ棬ǻϲģһϣȢ 

ķԺ󶼲֪ʬδ̸ʲôȢȢġ 

̨ķ˵ƽ£ԲԹ۵ģȥġ 

ķתͷ̨ЦЦԺ£˭Ҳ˵أҲǸˣԺҪúô 

̨תͷķ˫ۣʹĵͷİɡ 

ķ簲ĵЦЦȥϵơ 

Σ̨ͻȻǸ˰ɣ 

ķһһ˿ᣬû𻰡 

̨һֱҹȻµˣĹҲĪˡ˵ôܾһ㣿 

ķûĬĬţӡ֣ܾЩʲôԾĵطԺֳָѩİŮһӵ׹龰Ů˭ôҲ벻ԲȥˣذɡϻðݼҼˡ˵· 

̨ΪʲôһֱϸңΪʲôôˣ˭ɱģ 

ķ쳣ѿһǰߡ 

̨һСֹһʾ˰Ҫ𣿡 

ķȴСıԹͣ½Ų˭Ҳ֪Ժ֪ġ 

̨һæʱһһҵ֡ 

ķͶмһۣ˲׾Ӷȥ 

ԲԲ֪ʱҹգ֮ҹԭǼҼԲϲӣ¥ķ磬ȴȫ鷿֮СٶλһŰԵԽ¥˶¯в磬ɩҲһȫٶ˰ģȷһ򣬲ôһֱԩġ 

ķͷһĹһֽǮȻһ仰Ҳû˵˶ܸоõĵǷݳʹ 

ǰͿ޵òˡӢ§ڻḧͷ¥̫˯Ѩķ籧ͻطСӢҲ˳ȥ 

¥˱ƣ֮ǰ磬ɩҸ£ҲǿܵܵĻְ𣿡˵ţ۾ʪˣҲˡ¥˵ȻߵǰҲؾصĿͷķղŵλֽǮ¥ͩ͵ĵͷ 

ķصʱǶһ˿ӵߵ߹£ԾֽǮã¥ͩ˳áķȴһֱһĹǶü˪һǶ޵˫һ˿˷Ĺµסķ΢΢ֵԺҲļˡķȫһ͸ᣬ漴һ䣬ĵҪ˵ȥˡ 

һˣֽǮֶ꣬ƿ˸ͷԺôҶ̫һߵģ벮ĸġʱһ̾ϢæȥʲôҲû 

ԭķȥȴۻſڣԣ̲ס̾˿ٴ뿪 



ڶʮһ ʬ

       һҹķͬһչתߣԾǶĥһҹտ־һתŸǸʮˣԾϴֻһµ¹³Ҷĺҹɫ֮òҵҿҿԶߵӰ¹Ĳ԰סҹߣҹߣ΢ܷϣҲԸҲԸµӰԽƮԽԶԸȥ޷׷ĽŲֻЦȻԶ 

ķǸϤȴ֪ĶϸϸƷǸʣˡ 

ãҪߣķ緽Ǹлعһסһٴλصϣȵ֦֮ϡ 

δķŷѵġҲƽϥ֮ϡ 

ķ翴еʵӽʲôĶѧģ 

ȴδҲδ 

ķϸƷεСꡯɡ 

šꡱ֣ԵǸʮϣ̧ͷȴɽܶķ磬㿴Ǳߡ 

ķָȥӰ׾ӷԾһȴ̨档˴ʱǰȻ£æ׾ӱȥ 

˸ԾԺУķͳǰ¥ͩҲվ 

̨ĵʦķ硭.ˡ..֣֡ 

¥˻ţ˵ 

ŵִӪɱ˺Щˣǵ裬ʳ࣬Ҳʿʧ١оԶӵ˴˵Ƕ˶־׽ȥˡ 

¥üͷа£֪ǺηΪ 

̨֪ηΪΪ·أ˵ʦʶ㣬ҪͽǰأзӲ£ 

¥ͷ˼һȴ벻⸽кη֡Ȼȥ֪󺹡̨ͷһ飬Һһ飬Ƿͷ̽Ǻ֣֡鷳ڴ˱ӢϢʱҪص˴з֣ɽҸľȥˡ 

ķͷǵĿԼһůæ̨ȥ 

Ӣǰ¥һҪСİֶһҪúʦĻܡ 

Ӧǡ 

¥ЦЦµģİɡҲȥ 

ӢȴŵģȴҲ޿κΣֻĵĵȴ 

ķ̨һ·ɽķ̨ʲôûС̨õ˵ȥˡ 

ķ̽¡ 

̨á˱һ·.Լʱ̨ͣǰû·ˡ 

ķǰ治ԶڰԼССչȥ֪ж治ʱԵɭ쳣ʵǰǺεط 

̨ǹ 

ķСȴδд˴ʵǺȥΪ֮ķĹ 

̨ǺܾǰΪ귢ս嶼˶Ƕʼʱ廹ᣬԽԽ࣬Ҳֲˣٺ޷һһᣬһһʱ䳤ˣӲݴɭɭҳƴ˵Ϊ˼ֻйŻסڴ˵ءսƽˣǵطҲͳ˸ȥĵطˡ 

ķһʵǿȥ 

̨ǿǽأ˵ȥ˵˶ᱻ䡣 

ķлȥʦȥء˵ǰԾȥ 

̨ķ粻ǣҲ׷ȥ 

ķ̨׷΢΢һЦ 

ù䣬ҴܣԽɭɭɲ˸սȻһ紵ŵѪ֮.˴ѶδдѪ֮ζŶԡһۣŲǰ̽ȥ 

ͻȻһͷм˲˹֮ſһʬϿнѪ֮ǴӴ˴ֻǼãҲһƤʤ֮ŧˮʮָڣȴ⡣ 

һ֮´󾪣ķæס̨г죬һض֮ķ糯̨ͷ׻⡣˳ʦᡣ 

ۼԶȺֲٷ֣չṦ񱼣гԶһӭϡ˰һ 

ֻǶĳǷɱϻˣſǹıϣ֪ 

¹£ֻǶһϡãһֻѲ֪٣ֻʣһݣϡĺڶһֻȴͻʱۿϸһΪȥ֮ϵŧҺ塣Ĺϣǳ֮ܲסʱ͵ȥճķͷڰ͹ƽͷƤϡ 

ķ̨Ϳһθӿˮǿƣֻµ½ 

ǹǾͽϵˣֱͦͦˤڵϣŤ˼·ȥ 

ǹʣµһֱֱֻĶŶˣԭõֻһѿ˻Ƶġҡһһ˱ǿʻʳе˰ɡ 

ķ̨γУȴðȻס䡣 

￴ķ磬ֿ̨ͻȻķ˹ֻһ˱Ƕĺָѵǰķæܿǹһ˲Уһץ̨̨֮죬æýһˣǶһץһʪ̨ۡагһšһﵱشȥ 

ǹ￴Ӳȴʮݡһ㿪̨ĳ.ķҲͦббֱֹ̳ģǹ潣ߣұܹ 

ʹ˸ɫһ̹ϣֻķ鶯.ȴܣצһֱķֱֱץķСڳϸǿ¹ףȴʦ洫ץķĴΪﲱֱȥһͻȻһ㿪ķ̨ĳٴλйϡ 

ת۰йȥˣʼûйҲδ˵ˣзѽѽؽĽŵأŶ߶ͻȻֱ˹˼Ż󿪣Ӷǰ̶ֱֱֻûڡﲢᣬںڵǰֱ֫ץ˲ӡ 

ۼҪץԼӣ󾪣æ齣ұܿԾӴۡ˼ϵɭɭ̵ŧҺ壬ٿǰ̳ɹðŧҺ壬ȴȥǶ߶ؽСݺݵĵһۣȥ 

̨׷ϣķһסȻȥʦж̨ۡ𳤽ķ˫˫ȥ 



ڶʮ 

       ׾ӣ¥̸ͩ۴£ķ̨ɫֱã϶˱֣æʵзֺ 

̨ˣйﶷ˰غϡȻ󽫶ڹֹڷ;δ򶷣ȥϸϸ˵һ顣˵֮ëȻ 

̤ͩᣬһ˹ʬɡ 

̨ʬ岻ǸóΪ׹ǣʬôһأ 

¥ǰҲʦʬ֮£ڼأᣬʹʬ岻ãΪʬɾ̨˵ȴǸΪأ巢䡣Ρ 

ͩҲ벻̨֮˵Щڵز°꣬δֳû粻ʬ䣬ЩǴӺζأ 

¥ݾӪʿ˵Ϊץߣץ̫֮࣬ߵ·ɱʳ衣 

ͩԴ˹ֱΪʳߡСͷĿһ㡣 

һֱ˼ķͻȻڹӦߣӦþȥǣ 

һʵ˻ô 

ķ˵ʧֻ֮࣬⼸Сڶ̶ʱڳʳ֮أ֮ʧ˵ʬռ൱ĵطѷţȴδЩʬ壬ڣҲδ顣 

̨ǵʱδ߽ôķسοˣ 

ķǵȷû߽дʬ壬ôضԲⶼѵ߽ŵ˵ǶûڷŴʬ塣 

̨һԴ԰ôûע⵽ô˵Щʧ֮һȥˣҲ 

ķߣߵֻҲ̫ࡣ 

̨۶ʺš 

ķ翴ǵǳǹʱ𣿡 

̨ͷ 

ķǹﵱʱ׽ס˵ģδȴҲˣشȥҲԾû 

̨ͷǡ 

ķŵ˿Щֲϲʳˣô׽ȥ֮һʱδܱʳõģӦòἴɱôпܻ˻ţֻʱ䳤ˣֻ¾Ԥˡ 

¥ͩͷеֻ¾ߣʱһҲѻˡ 

ķǡ 

̨жȥܾȶǶ١ 

̨һ۵֪ǲδ֪Щ˹ںδＱȥ˾ܾȵˣ 

¥ǶЩв֪ϸֻܶϼ 

̨ô죿ȥףɱǰ˵Ҫߡ 

¥ֹס̨ȵȣΪΣϢˣҵȥ̽һ飬δ֮ǰҲҪ󺹡 

ҸԻطϢͲٶ˵ 

ڶδ¥ӢңغŻĴ߶ԭһɽܹɽʯſأƽʱΪչ֮ãʱȴó 

¥ͩķ硢̨ȥ 

һ޼ʵĴСĹһһɢҰһƬţֻмֻѻͣڷͷ߽ЩѻĴҷɡ 

֮һصأ˽ʱ꣬ȴһ˿ʳѪģʬ⣬Ȼķ˵δҵǴʧ֮˵ʬ塣ҲûҵԹĶѨ 

ǿգ֪Щαأһǰվȥ˵ǲڷĹУССأȴһжѨɳ룬һβ̽ 

ֿʣƣ̨ǲ͵ĵҪҸףɾһһѰ˰ЩضͲҲ˵ǰһʯȥ 

֪ʯͷ̨һƨȥʯͷת¶󶴣̨һգֱ׹ȥ 

ǶȴҲˤ̨ƨʹҪͻȻԶ΢˳ķȥһ󾪣ķڶںУĻҳش 

˵ķ˼̨ڶУæſֻһƬڣ̨̰㶨վǶ̨ȴҲش 

ķ絣̨ʧ¥ʦȥ¥ػԾ¶ȥ̨ߣľļҪѰʣ̨һס죬ָָǰ 

ķ˳ָķȥŶ΢ĹһҲһ亹 



ڶʮ 

       ķ˳ָķȥŶ΢ĹһҲһ亹ֻǰ治ԶԼʮСĹſǶڱĿϢ 

ķҲæס¾Щһ̣ʮһϣѵֵ 

˵ǽߣЩδ˼ʯڲ⻬Ծʯڣʯһ㣬ö¥ͩ˳˿кη֡ķ罫ϸϸ˵һ顣 

¥Ⱥ֮δ֡ҹϢġʱӦʮֳٶ١ҵȥ 

ͩͷԾ붴СԭشԼյ蹦򣬹Щ޷ӦԹ˯ϰڰܿ￿ߵȺǰԲӦķ𽣣һСԴֻСֳ˳飬ſڵϲˡķȴȥ̷ͷʮСԴ¡ 

ķԣЩСֻ 

¥Ӧ׹֣йСġ˵ͷǰȥ߹һͨȴһʯǰ໥˿û뵽»˵ط 

ķʦʧǰԾһǰ棬ŲһһȥߵͷȴһСʯң濪һšͻȻһ΢ĺ̽ͷһȴһĹ̬ƵĹͷʹ˸ɫǹ￿£ 

ûϵǹ־ͬڸղŵС֣ܿ˫ۣ˿״ؽСֻ¥һδζжѵ˹ǰ֪ͩʱ϶֧ڳ׶ǹֻǹһתĴ̳ 

ķ翴Ƕǹʵ벻ǹƽʱͩںδȴʦɱ֣ɾ䡣ͩһ֧ǹúֻܡ̡ܡգǹݴݴ̡ 

ķƽʦҲز¶뾹֮Ʋʦ֮¡ķ̨а۷ҲҲͦϡ 

˴ӸղɱС֪˹ھϣ߾ͷ͹ǹΪͣȻⷭ͹Ƭ̣ͱնڽ¡ 

ն˴˹ֺǽǰ̽⡣ֻ˵صԽԽͣ죬ԽԽڣֲָԽŰ˷ԽӲҴ⡣֪Լ㹦򣬾˾ͷ·Уǰա 

ķǾͷǽȥȴһֳʪֲʯڡóӣȼһһͭţһűµʪΧ⼣߰ߣʯ֮ź̦ȴΪ⻬ʱʹù 

˽˸ɫķ罫ͭƣ˿ȴûþƣ˿ͭž򿪡һ΢ĹԼǰΪһխһֱ죬֪ͨδͬǽÿЩһǽϣǹ߾Щ 

ķϨ˻ӣһһǰУ¥β 

խ飬΢Ǻڰ֮࣬Ȼһɸ֮ζŻխһתȴһʯңһſķ岽֮ҽǱĿ˯ֻͻȻʣڿţȻ˫ۣǰˣųªõԿԿԾĳɷݣ漴Ծתϲãѿ죬¶һɭɭ׳ݣ۹еıϣƽС 

ǽƵӦֻΪϸֻǹǽϻһŻһ֣˹Сʪĳϵϣز͹ϸһƹ֡Ǵƹֿ˾ɭɭЦĵصֻëȻ 

۹ֺڵ͵һţ̨̨ϴ˹֮죬һʱֲۿҪ۹¡ֻһǹӲ̨۹֮䣬ɽ۹֡۹˫ץסǹһϣ뽫ͩϹͻȻǹһת۹ֻϻһղסæ֣ǹҲ۹ǰֻ˺üסΡǶצؽС 

Ǵƹּ۹оͳôһͩ˶ͩοתǹֱȡʺƹֲͷܿȴӭ̨ĳѵţҲǱܲȥǴƹ־ſҧס⣬ֻһǽӲҧϡ̨һ㶣ȴûаٻϽ³ƹ־ȥͩѻתǹƹŹϡ 

¥ķҲδţ̨ͩƹֲһҲὣ۹ֹϡֻ䣬ס۹ڽзȻܻצУֻжķݡͻȻƻƬƬѩ⣬ֻ۹һƺߣһֱۼѩ֮У漴ɳʯǽϣ߲һڵϡ۹ʧһ۸۴УԽԷ﷢֮֨֨Ȧȥķѣǰȥһֱ̳Ӻֻһתﻮ߲ϣǴԴһߣһصڵϡ 

˵Ǵƹ־ս£۹֨֨ĴߴҲսȴ޷ͻ۹ֱɱһͩһ֮ʣǹ軯ȥƹһæӱ۷ȴһУֻǹһʺֻҽһ˫裬컺£Ťת˼£ʹ˲ۼܻˡ̨䲻ͷ¡ 



ڶʮ 

       ǰȥ;ٻСǿĹҷֲɢҲȺӣЩʱ䣬ѶԸһ·ĸζԽԽŨһѪ֮ζԽصԽ̹ǣ߷Բд˸ս 

ʯͼȻ㣬ʯݾͷһ˫ͭšȻ⼣߰ߣ̦ҲǰͭŰΪ⻬źͭ⡣ŨҵĸǴӴźߵű߸˱ǡ 

˽˸ɫսбķ֣СסȥͭŻһϸ졣һ紵дŨȳ֮ζѬü˲Ϣȥæס½ǰסڱǣȴȳ̡ 

¥˴ŷȥʯƴ·ȴ䶷η˵׹ǣǵ֮ˡʱЩ׹֮ȴˣͻ㱣ãϡó硣һϻ֮˱ڴˡ 

ʱͬͭŻ򿪣гĸǿ״Ŀ֮׹ķ̨ǹҲУ֪֮ͭжٹ˼Ľ˸ɫҲ䡣 

һţֳһ˳ʮָҷɣһҽУƬΣ˳Ƭ 

ķ羪Ŵ죬ѪĻƵסὣԾͩһѰסͷͩҡͷжʱѣԼ²ȣƽ˼ſȥֻĹֽЩ˷ãЩ񾹽ӹſھͳԡвߣ̱ϳץ⡣ʳáеС߱ʳҲ̶á 

ķͷ΢΢ͩҧгݣĿԲɣȴǿסʱηﴫʹɧķٴδŷ죬ֻĹԾη˰˸һϢߣţʧڶ֮ͭ 

¥ͭƿЩ֣Լηڡ֮˱ڵ˽һɧ¥æָϣ˸ĶЩ˻⣬Ƭ̼䰲ˣһ˿ϣ 

ߵͭǰҲƿһϸ죬ȴֻһƽ̨߾ʯݣƽ̨֮ȴ޷ֻĲҽСķֽͭƿЩպù룬ߵƽ̨ϣһëȻ 

ƽ̨һ޴ԲҡʯϵŸʽʯܣÿʯܵһ飬ʯڷŸʯмһ߾ͺʯף̵ӥұɼʯ׸ϼһûʵĳֻжָȣڽϸ֮澹Ѫ˿ζ¥Ȳʣýһֻʨè⣬²һȭͷСҹ飬İ׹⣬յè˸˸ԣƻһ㡣ʾʯ׵ǰԹݡ׸ȴϣƿԼָķ϶ 

Χʯ׵һԲˮأǰ֮ãȴװҺ壬һһ˵ųرߵĵ档ŨҵȳǰҺ巢 

ղĹж֣ץһվʯ֮ǰͻȻ񾱲һץһҽУɹɵѪӿæѪ˳գٴӶͷˮעʯ֮Сʯ׵һ½ǣȴһСעѪȴϸˮС뻷ܵСһصѪˮ֪ж˵ѪȴûȥӲҽתΪֻд֮ûʲôѪˣֽᵽһߣݵָز͵һ˺һҽУһںȡʳʳֻ࣬ͷ­ʳԽʳὫֶԱһȴ򿪵ڣѹѹĿѻ˶ʬ壬ӿĸζѪζСһʯǰҲ㡣δֵѪر㶶еСȥ 

¥˼˲˵ֱ޵ҧгݡ¥˼ðȻȥһһҿԣķֻ̨Ӧ.ô跨ĹַֿڴʱĹֽ˵ʬ嶪ʯݺжƤ³ƺܿ˯Сȴʯ 

æ˻η֮ͭ󡣸ղغΣ־ͽηŵôҳͷõ͵͵ġǶȴ񣬾ֱ 

ķаϲû뵽ηֿĹ֣ȴԶ͹ﶷ˰غϣȥ󷴸˼ԼҲ֮øĽʽֻʵԽǾûᣬսԾԾԡ 



ڶʮ 

       űƿһǰһнķӰЮ磬һšһԾŷ׵ֱķ磬ͬʱץ 

̨ͩæһ֣¥ҲķԷķ粻⡣ 

ķ粻ȹﴭЪһֱȡҪǹ޿ɱܣٿһץץס󡣴󾪣Һ٣һѳسѽץס 

ķ˽ֱֻ̧֡һѱץѪۣȫ亹ա 

¥룺ɾսһֻ֣һʱӦæ߽ǰķ繥һǹгˣſڱ¥ķµģߵˡֻؽУԽӲһеģֽ裬뾡罫Է˺צ¡ 

¥ʼջסͷ޷˼ҪһƣͻȻһ丹ȥûϵͻȻı乥һʱ޼¥һ븹 

¥˴ǰһ壬ֱʯ֮ϡαڱϣ¥ֱץȥ 

ķ˵ʱ죬ڹﱻڱʱһԾ˫ֳֽӹͷʹȥδץ¥һںˡ 

ķ¥ۿͩҲһǹ̴һʺη˼ɱ˶֣Ļϲ 

¥Ĺѳ֣¶֣ӦΪǣԲҴ⣬Ҫķ̨ء˸ʯݣǶ۹ֱ˯ɵۣķ̨ˣһˣ֣Ӻ 

˼ֽϸղŶֿࡣķ磬̨Ƕ۹ٴۺ죬˫˫ϣһ˼ˣסǹ֣ķʽʬõѪ֮Сķ̨Ƕ۹ݶ˸ƽ֣ȴް࣬ǹݣޱȣʱһػܣҲսһԱ߹ۿ 

Ȼķ罫ʽʹеɱҪк󣬶۹ֱֻмܵķݣֱ۵飬ˡ֮£ٻסҪֱ֮ķ磬ҧȥͬھ 

ķһҸ䱳󡣶۹һʧ˶ӰҪתķתһģڹģһʱĲȣŵǰķ糤׷ϣ󾱴룬ǰ̳۹Ӵǰ˵ѪرŤ£ٶˡ̨Բޣὣ۹һͷϡãһѪء 

ķ˼ɱйĻϲͷ 

Ȼʯϵ鰵˵಻ԼͬսһƬţ֮һһԭʯԵ쳣졣 

һɭɭƳȴƽѪѪѪֻëȻӽŵһ⣬ֱֱġĴȴδˡ 

˻ִūūūūѪŷ֣ʯдʯ˴Ƿĵॡ 

еūʯ׸ǻԭʯĹԵɭɲ˶ʯףս 

һʺɴ¹һֻᡢִӹطסʯףһѪѩ׵ֱϣ˳żָ 

һʺɴµŮ˱ӰʯվƷʣ̬ȣӺʯסɴ²֪ʵأƮ跭ɡŮ˸תһųòͶ֮ޣʪĺڷٲѩϸϣһˮܽģȻ˳޽µˮȴʺ֮ɫһһΣѩ׵ܽϣٴܽϻ£µʺ졣 

˼ŮӣëŮӼǰվˣ΢΢һ㶣һһһЦū˻ɫաþûܼѹӵζˣյɺúһˣⱾЩļį֮ࡣϣһЦǲһʺ죬gꡣ 

ķüͷֱ壬̨Ҳ̰סŭŮǺˣǹ 

ŮһԽЦû֦ҲǰֽҵǹԼ֪ 

ķ磬¥̨ͩһȴ˿˵ǰս಻ԣΪƽϢսһȢһŮԵǲŮµһ֮ơ 

ȴ÷ıľమȴҲֻ޿κεļ޸ΡȥľλٴֹΡҪսңʬ׶δҵ 

֮ܶʴҹϮľɱľľоʿ²չԼپʹ˵ѳгϵ¹ںᡣʿһͬᡣ 

˺ԭϾͳֹ¡һŮȻ磬벻ࡣѰ˼䣬̨˵ѳˣһŮӣһ 



ڶʮ Ѫս

       һü˫ʲôѳЩƤһʯ֮УصǹƤ֮檣ΪζһˣңϵѪʴ֮УҼľ䣬Ҹ𡣡 

ȻⱾǿŮӣȴʧ˱ԡͩǺܾǰˣĳΪλҪк 

ЦһƤˣǵĺ˺񡣡 

¥ŭЩ£ûʲô˲ˡ֮޲˵ 

һЦֻܹˣЩս٣ѪԽԽ٣Ҳֻˡ 

˴ŭֻδ֪ףðȻ֡ 

Ц̬ιӣˣ·ֻ˸ССЦ㡣ﲨתѪиһֻõĽţɫһ䣬һɫɴɳסֻţɴؾѪˮǶ۹ֵʬˤڵذ֮ϡ 

Ŷ۹ְΣصɱҵū 

¥Ȳݽõ⡣Ҳǿ֮ˣֻҪ㲻캦֮£ҵȿɷȥͶ̥ȥɡ 

һᣬһһȽɱūΪ𣿱һ˲ģߣҵ̣Կݺ£ȻȲʶūȣ֪ڹȴԲǣֲ²ˡ 

˵䣬ʯĹбʯҶгܲ⶯ľ֮һͬ£ڵϴϡãǽʱʱԭڵ˫ɳ֮ɫڷͻȻ裬ǧʮ׳Ķ䶯һʱɳʯֱεۡԼζڵϡǰȫעͻȻͷһ˦߰ĺڷֳƼѪˮͷ 

˵Ƕ߰ĺڷѪˮͷľˡͩһˡͷͻȻĺһ޴ߣ̨׷ȥ̨æгڷȥڷ˳Ʋϣס󣬳Щֶ̨ҽź磬ϥӲסΣһȴǵͨ졣 

¥̨һԾȥֱڷڷſֱ¥̨һɣŵ˺󼸲ڵء¥ڿмתܿڷۿҪϺڷڷͻȻһΪ˫ȥ¥٣³ֱܹֱڷۼ֣һɫɴȷ統شִϺڷΪɴˣòؽֵڷٻؾɨš¥轣ɴ֮ڿмתȦܹԱڷɨóʹ 

ͩأߴԾȥ֮ʱҽʯһ㣬Ȼͷֳǹͷ£ֺֿݡ 

һӣԼںɴ֮Уɴ们һߣͩʧУǹ΢бźɴ׷ȥͻȻɴзɳһץһסɴǺɴᣬȴûڷ顣һȴδܳϣɴ߰壬лѣ˳֣ͩһܿ 

˲סķƵֱֺĹķ繦ǳ⣬ƾջزͩĺɴķ硣ķ͵һɴգȴĴ롣ؾɴסķ󣬵һЦΪķҲѲˡķԼȴ֪ķúηӣһתлתɴϣϵĺɴƮȻ£һ㶡 

գתһߣջغɴڷɭɭصȻӣѹū֣֮ɱȴǶܼģϷûϳء˵գתӣƳɴ裬ɹŵɳʯϮȥԽתԽ죬߾һɴϣǧ˿ƵĺڷźɴͲʹ򣬺ɴ֮˶˶òұһʱ޷ɴϡɴȴԽԽ˶ͷϸ 

̨Ըв֧ڽһ䣬һƺڷס̨Сȣɴβ̨ϾʹͷһڷУСȼѪһƬۼ̨ҪԼ£ҹЦǵ⡣ 

ͩæȥǹתס̨ĺɴ 

ķ̨нּͩסɴȫڳ֮ϣȫһһеĺɴڷûϵСӾӲĺɴڷϣһ֮·ҽС 

¥иһ˲䣬˫սǰӼԼڽ֮гɴϣֻ֮ƬƬɴƮɣۼڽ֮£ʹӶɴ¥ȥͬھ֮ơ 

¥ܿڵϡȴ˼õڵϣ޻֮ķ籼̨ߣ̨¥ͩǰԷ䷢ѣǰδɱ֡



ڶʮ 

       ͻȻǰ㣬ʹɴѪأѪˮеľҡ 

һ㶣ľǱɱôڴˣ˼䣬Ѫзǽڱ֮Ƭ̼ǽڱԽԽ죬ԽԽһŶͷѪ̽ͷƽһһ£һ˫С۷ı̹⡣ 

ǳγѪأʮɳ߲¾ͷĦѩ׵ɨǶ 

ḧߣƶһۿ֮ղԶó㣬ţɱūūҲشκβãСΣѶΪ֮ 

ǳˣ˻Уưưο֮ɫһɨգūȫˡ 

СһһɨˣĿ¶׹⡣˲ѪȻľ 

ߴϻε˲Զ°̳һţͷ˿Ƶġ֨֨ĵñʯұӵʯȫס 

ͻȻβһɨѪˮһѪǽ˵ͷ¡˼æԾѪˮʯϣƬƬʯ顣 

߼һɨգβٻֱͩͩڿУβּɨ룬ǹǽһ㣬ӲǲߣǹֱβϣƤͭӲһǹ̲ȥβɨͩһܿȴԱβɨֱˤȥײʯ֮ϡݺˤ棬øͩӦ٣ǹһ١ס׹ΣϥءȻˣָֻǰԭݷǷֽͬһ˿ʺҺ 

ȴдϢ֮β־ˮǽѪˮͷ¥ͩشβٴ˲ԼΣͩߣһƣһߡѪǽѵǰķ̨ʦȴüѪǽͷ¥ϡ¥ֻ֮ѹԼ岻ܿƵڵϷֱĵʯڲһҺԺӿϣ۵³һѪ̨ϱˣһľʯкģȥ 

ˣءѽѽֱУͻȻķǰķ󾪣Ծ߽һգסķƴȴԽԽ޷ 

¥ͩķ类ڵϦ˲ˣ˫˫ϣȫƤͭ㣬ȴ˵вͣŤӴβֽɨȥˤڵϣҲ 

ߵͷŻʳż޴ͷһһΣڿϡ֮㡣뼺һ֮ңʺǰһһżķɨȳ˱ǡķоԽԽѣгҲ֪ʱѣʶԽԽģ 

˾֮ʱ΢֮ȥʯϵĺڽѪ˿ĺ⡣תͷǺڽ︡һ˿־塣ҲɣķѹҲȥƺǺڽʶһ㡣ԽԽ󣬾öĤʹҲԽԽ⻷Χ֮УϼζòеĿ־ҲԽԽŨӲԾˡ 

һǰѺڽ˴ʯԾȥϸտʯףһεӿ쳣ӿ˼ΣȻܿ˶һۣͷ¥ڵһţڽȥۼ˹⻷֮޷룬ͩ˫һܣŵһϣ¥֮ٴϣ¥⣬ۼҪסͻȻӽһϸղŹ⻷ΪǿҵĹâֱ̫俪ɽ㣬˵֮Զˤڵϡ 

ڹâ֮ʱ¶֮ɫ˰Ťǵġ֨֨ͻȻķ˳ȥڽķڽķֻһתڽȥ 

˼ֳ֮ڣڵ⣬ͻı仯ʧɫ֪롣嵽ߣסǶͷŽеľôˣľôˣֻһζŤӴˣղס׳Զٽ߱ȥ 

һˣһͷҪҪһ㡣˳߷ԣ˽ȥ߿־֮ӽʹ֮ɫԽӿٵذڶͷ 

ȴƷ˷һ뽫С֮£βɨɨȥʯһ֮һʱ֮Ҳ޷ 



ڶʮ ڽ

       ˵ķ类׳ʯԱߣȫʹ̣Ҫɢһ㡣ԭǿҵĹâϾůů쳣ķס׸ǣԴ˳壬쳣أδվץסڽ 

¥ͩķ羹Ȼڽһ졣 

ķץסҡҡλεվ˵֣ԭǿҵĹâȫصһ㣬֮Ҳ֮ʧֻѪ˿ζ 

ķгʧ˳ֽǺڽУֱֻǳأҽͨһӲͦʹһβʹҲ˲࣬С 

߼ڽֹͣУâҲգɿ㳤˿ֹͣŤ׹¶ķźڽԽӱŭԺڽ壬һѪرƽһʱ䣬ӴѪأֻһβ¶Էڳرߡͷڳлζڽδ仯䲻Ĵӳſ޿ڣҧ¡ 

ۿķ罫ʳ߸¥ͩȴȫ᲻޷ȣֻиżķݡ 

ķѪ쵱ͷҧ£룬ٽȥƤᣬԼΪ֮֪ͻȻҽѪзŤ 

һǺڽд룬ͷǳ֮нղסæسŤƬ̺ص׳ȥȥ 

ίٵڵأĿоˮеţľľֺ㡣Ҳýעڳϣû㡣̬ǿĻɱħŮ 

ͻȻѪ֮һŰһԼӰƮ 

һ˽ȥľӰ뻳УӰʵ壬˼Ӱֱд۳ճյӰ 

΢̾˿ˡŵҲǱʹˣ֮ɱڴ˺ڽ֮£˺ڽɱңΪԼȥЭԼڶ޹֮սҪҡҲҪɱˣزݡˣ㱣ء˵Ʈȥ 

ڵϷޣ˲ͷ˿һͷ׷ŵľȥȵҡ˵ֻӰһһƬ׷ǰȥȥѩ׼˲ɿݣ漴ûһѰ׹ǡ 

¥ͩķ鷢չȻҲ̨̨˾˲ᣬȻ֪ĻϲȴɫȻǲ⡣ 

ķ罫ľ֮¸̨֮Ҳͬ飬Ϊѹ˴ţų뿪ص̫ 

ľԶԶĵǶ˰Ȼǰο˵ѳǴϲҪȻȥϢϴϯοˡ 

˹ݴлȻ뵽ȥڶ񣬸ɫľ˺úð˵ 

˵¥ȻصɽϣӢȫѪʧɫѪ಻ǳϣΪġǸί٣֪˵òᣬʹһᣬһȥˮԱ㼸ϴˡ 

ķľ֮͵ۿֻԭ԰׵СһҹøСˣһ߰︸׽⿪ѪѣһۿԼ顣һʦЦЦĿһ죬һߡ 

һͰˮһˣ㽫ˮͰײüͷһеЩ˹Ȼ 

кһţֱķߣķѪ۵һʹķķ磬ôˣôѪ㲻Ҫķæ 

潫ˮͰһ٣ƿޣ˭ҪҪء㲻æˣϹָʲô 

һϻЦ˵ûˣ̫ˣҾ֪㲻¡ȴ⡣ 

̨绹أôͲʣ 

㲻ǺúõǶ𣿡 

̨ԼѪģСȣ֪˵ĺúõôġ 

¥ͩżС壬޿κεҡҡͷ 

ķͩϣϲ޳ǹȴ֪ںδʵ壬ǹ֮Ϊξںδ̨Ҳ棬һҲ˾ 

ͩЦЦѥȡһɫ̹һֻг뻯ǹķֱա 

ʱľԪȥķȥѰԼ֪ΪζǺڽֲĸоһ˻֮ʱֻҼŽ罫ڽ֮Ժ󣬴ʱ˵ĺȻ 

ڽȡʦ¥ӹڽ̹ǣղĳ֮ȫȻͬϸ佣쳣ȴͨϼ֮ͨɫԼ͸ֲЩϸѪ˿Ѫ˿潣ζ 

¥һʦȴҲ˽޵һѾѿ䣬ԽԽв֮С 

ķʵ˽аţ쳣֮ʱ޲֮У 

ķֱֻʣ޲֮С 

¥Խ֣ڽͩۿͩҲ޿ڲ¥޷˽龰ֻ´˽Ϊ 

¥Ҳͷǵйֻҵ֪ԭɡ 

ͩڽķƴ˽ķԭԴ˽ϲ֮˵Խϧ㰮ḧǽиоһ㣬ӦѪ˿Ҳһһ˸ǰ档̨˼ķһΪеˡ 

ķ罫ڽӳǽȴһǽȴԼͷϡ¼˿ͷķһ㶣ΣôҹЦȴӰ̾ 

ϴˣѪｻ뻪ӢȥҲͲһһϸ˵ˡ 



ڶʮ 

       ķ翴еĺڽ޲ðɽȥ 

˴ʱǺڽȫܿƣָ򶫣ȴȴ򶫡ʱڽԼ粻ʣֻǺڽ֮¡ 

ԽˣķԽǲģǺڽ˾ͲԼò⽣ȥŪһͷȴ޷ʹ 

¥һʦҲ֮˵ȴҲδʹùһʱҲûԭҲȻͽϾͬȻǷԽǩ˼ȥһʱҲҵʹ֮ 

ͩ˼ԼǹؾӲðգ֮Ҳƣ˽᲻Ҳд˵أ뵽˱ķ㽫֮ķڽԡ 

ķӦáĬһӣһȻ˳ֱۻڽ֮Ӳӵ｣ʱڽһñֱղһϲӶڽҲƸղһҴܣҲܿơƽʹһ׽꣬Ѵ硣 

ͩķ֮ߣҲϡ¥ֽԼ뵽һЩĵϸϸ˵ҪԼϰ 

ķ罫˵Ļ˼ٺԼĸܣȻʣᡣ 

ȥǺڽķﾹȹȥóӦ֣䣬ֱֱֻߣֻ⣬ӰƬ̼䵶⽣Ӱ赽֮ζ֮ն񲻿ɵ˸ǰ档 

ת۰¹ȥˣλϵҲõ߰˰ˣۼ׼սͩòϻؽϡ 

ƥڲԭϻС 

Ӻͩǰ棬м䣬ķ 

ֱ֮ʣǰããĴԭȴ֪˵ʲô 

ķ翴ǰ˵ĸоָоİȴ˺˸СǰСС˶ԽԽ˼룬ԽԽƲ˵һЦһŭǣޣԼͻιİʹڿҪ뿪Ĳᣬѵǳ˵İ 

һţعͷỨдĲᣬǱһ£ḧ֮µĺڽĽʣָȴһ֮ĸ׵ԺĹͰһ͸һԭĸ˼ 

ǰ׷һ㡣 

̯ģһ̵СС⣬Ө͸͵ĵ滹¡Ŀ 

ķĸҵġĸ׵˼ȴ˼˵ڣѾúΪ飬ûʲôö㣬ԡĻԼ֪ô˵ˡ 

ЦЦĸģԼŰɡ˵ 

ķ缱ץͷŪֲ֪˵ֻ˫ҡջء 

ʱ洫һ˻ͷȥƥ׷ 

֮˴кʦ壬ȵȡȴ̨ˡ 

ʱķֻýյС 

ķ壬˿̯лһͬС⣬ֻǷ෴ԭһԡ 

һûر۹⣬ֱӭǳ˫΢΢һЦС뻳С 

̨úÿ죬ת۱׷ 

¥ͩЦŵͷ 

ͻȻߵߣóһذ׺ᵽǰ档 

Ȼ֪⣬һã 

ˣһЦ͸㣬㲻书ţҲáԭɣ֮ǺڣܾȻԺǿǸĻôҲ˵ڣе㶫ҲɣҲΣȥذסذԸսʱãޱȡ 

֮⣬ȻģȻӹֵлл㡣һúء 

֪ԼЩӰΪУס֡ķ͸Ǵϲ 

˼СܣЦǰС 

ԼʱͩͣµֵܣȾ͵˰ɡ 

¥ڴĮʮ꣬ѣǹµʹ֪ѣŵһãһΡ 

ֹ˰ʱͩٴͣµɫѲ磬͵˰ɡ¥ͷķճյỨһΰɡ 

ǰС 

Ҳ֪˶ãͩٴסֵ;ǧһ𣬾͵˰ɡ˲ 

ԹǰУһ˫ôҲ벻ķ˫۾ֱ״УŻͷȥ 

¥˴ԶȥӰȻ 

Զȥķ·ԼٴεɱѣֱǵӰʧڲԭԵŵתͷ¥ȥ״ûʲôҪæġ 

̨Һһȥ 

ķˣԼȥͿˣھ¶࣬ҲЩȥɡ 

ķ粻̨ͬУ֪ΪȥܣвʱҲҪֻͬϣʱ䳤Ὣ 

ķһ·񱼣˦˦ͷôҲܽӰӴԺ˦ȥ 

״忴һߣͷķˣĲ񣬶칻հµˡ 

ķŷֲ֪ʱԱ߾õĲ 

״ùķеĸͷǺˡ 

ķӹ״еϴؿŹ״塣 

״ЦЦ㿪ʼˣһСµʱ򣬾ͲǺˡ 

ķ뵽Լղһֱһ졣 

׿ʵļҵĹǸĹ𣿡 

ķ˵ͷ 

ùķеϴķűҿóǸùһҪˣúöԴ˼ҡ 

ķһɥ׻ؽˡ 

׼ķˣصģߵĶնġǷֿˣǶǵĿֻоĸɹġ 

ķȻס״ֵллˡ 

״סЦЦ׾ͺãԷɡ 

ķһɨգĵسŹ״岻ͣظеĲˡ 



ʮ 

       ｫķæɱ򣬻Ӣý׺õľĨϵϷڻտ 

¥Ժضɲϲ֮ɫת˼ȦͻȻͣʵǱµĲȻḻ𣿡 

ӢЦһ˳Եˡ 

¥ͷ߶ת˼Ȧͣµ䶼ʰ׵𣿡 

Ӣ̧ͷɷЦЦһʰˡ 

¥תԼȦӡûתȦͣʵǰµǰϾƿڳˣ 

ķʦѾڳˡ 

¥ʵζ㴿𣿡 

ķЦЦʦҳ£֮ʱ㴿˲ء 

¥صͷתȥˡתӢǰʱֿڵǸճڣӢӿڵͷһٶʮİɣʲôŪˡ 

¥˼غٺһЦżһΣ֪ټˣʱһúһ书Ҳúúдһڹʹǹ뻯ôһأʹ̵ֺˣ׼ֺݡ˵߱Ȼˡ 

ӢЦ˵ãˣǳסɡҲʡǣҶǵġ 

¥һǻϲд⣬ҲӦ 

ķæĻƣʦ֮˵ϼⲻܿƵسˣһЦ⡣¥ʵ컹Ҫȥ״ҵˮ𣿡 

ķҪȥġ 

¥ԸȥءķӦæϵĻƱɽȥˡ 

ӢķԶȥͣлƵת۶ˣ¸ǺãԲģҲ֪ʲôܾġϲȴģǺã 

¥Ǻùʮּͣ˳ڷʲɥĸ࣬Ѫ·ؼһ̨ͬܿࣿһܼ޵̨ҲǸõĹޡΪ֮ŮΪаţ͸ҵȽŮˡ 

ӢˣĬĬͷǡ 

¥ֵǵ£ԼȥɣԸһԾҲҵȿҵġ 

ӢٵͷʼеĻơ 

״һŽ׵ӵݸķ硣 

ķ¼ϵľͰӹ״壬ˮϴһ飬ˮҲˣ⼸ղȥˮˡ 

״óһŸɾӰķŽʵĺ󱳵㳤ˣ嶼칻ˡʲôʱôٿ 

ķЦҪȥˡ 

״ʵ첻˷ߣ 

ķ첻ˣпҪء 

״վſڣ۰Ͱ͵ķԶȥֱˣŹµؽȥˡ 

ӹ״ҳ·Ǽε꣬ǰӣ߽ϰпţЦкķδ֮Щʧ 

ϰչɫʵѰʲô 

ķʵûӣ 

ϰһÿɣһո˵δüϼܣһ֧ӣϵȻɫ˵ڹȡһ֧ΣһķָǴСɹĹԲһ伫µС÷ϡſɰ 

ķʵҪǮ 

ϰԲִ󣬱˻Լ۸ԸߣҪӡķҲ˵ӣӴڻ֪Ƿϲ 

صɽϣ¥ڽصȴ֪δֱϣԲͩŮķҲʼ 

ӢɷﲻοҲ·ϵˣӦõˡ 

¥ķҲˡſ˼ԻطϢ 

ķڴϷȥ˯óӣźڽ⣬ˡ֡һڻȡһѩ˿֮ķ罫ӹ˿УСĵպãŵͷ˯ȥ 

ڶչȥˣͩŮԲӰķԽļ٣ۼǰ֪Ǻãպ˼롣꽣ɽߣңɽ´ 

תȥˣ¥ҲסԶڴĮ֪֮¡̨ʦˣȥԭһ̽ 

һ¹ȥˣͩŮȫţ̨ȥ˻Ϣ˵ǡ˵ҹ̽ةฮӴʧ٣ŮҲ䲻 

¥ķһԽȻֻȥԭ̽ѰңȻķ罣ɣֻʱѹݽ 

ķֺγǽǲ¥ϣ뿪ĮԼɣʦԼ뿪Į˺ԹƴֻսɣʦϿɣ뿪ĮҳѰ 

ķ˽һߵ̨ôûɽ 

̨վûʲô£ڵ 

ķޱźڽ 

̨װˣ֪ﲻܡʵҲùڵģֻ˵ʧ٣û˵ֻҪڣҵģҵ»һֱڴ̽ûϢġ 

ķ翴̨һ۵㻹û£ҿҪˡ 

̨üľϴɣҸҪȢ 

ķ絭һ粻ϣҲǿ 

̨˵ҸҲľϣҲʮͷʹ粻ȢˣҲûô¡ 

ķһ䣬̨ϵû˵ְڳǳһ쵽һųҲ֪ʲôŮˣ͸ңҲҪ 

ķ̨˵һЦùһǰһ漴ָ棬аɡ 

̨гǰãСֱƽٴķ硣رȻˡ 



ʮһ ݱ

       ȥѩ׷ɣϣ϶ѹϺĻѩ 

Ϻһ޳ӰӰƮɡֻһһƬƬѩڽϣƬμ䣬ѩ޻ǰ㴮ڽ֮ϣ䡣һЩѩ÷Ĵ䡣ѩһУԽԽ죬ӶгγСվٻе֮Уתȴķ硣ʱмһĴըϰ벿׹ȴ°벿׮֮ϣָܲϸľԭмѱΪϸ 

ͻȻһâ£ǷɡһɫӰ˴ֱķ硣 

ķ缲ϰֱպñܹ˼ܹڿУһת£ԭ޴ɶ㡣 

ǧһ֮ʣķϵỬԾ𣬳˼򡣺˾ٽһұۣһƺò类أ򳤽֣ۡķһܹתæƱܿܿԱ˿Ȧȡɴȴ¥ 

ķһæսʦ 

¥΢ЦһȭķͷСӣ治飬ʦһ֧첲ˡ 

ķ粻˼ͷʦͻȻϮһʱķӦù¥Цܺã֪δȫд˳ɼΪʦԷˣɽһҲ㲻ˡ 

ķһɽ֣۷Źʵʦ˼ҿɽˣ 

¥ͷҲóȥˣҵȾ뿪ĮҲȥˣָŮҲȥѰˡ 

ķĸ֮£ɫһ뵽Ů䲻ԽӾġʦһԲֻ޲ó֧ϷɳĮ 

¥ɫЩҪ˵һҪǺá 

ķ¥ˣ֪Ҫ½˽վǶ 

¥ʮǰұҲ㸸ĸɱǽ˵棬顣 

ʮδʦ֮£ʦʱ˵Խϸ 

¥˶ٵ㸸׸ңЩ˾ָʹĿΪһ 

ķǺָʹ 

¥Ǻˣ㸸ҲδܲҲ㸸ϣܲģֻв鵽Ļ֮ˣϴȥԩ 

ķʵѰҵʲôⶫ׺ã 

¥գ㸸δܸ֪ңͳˡԺֻܿԼȥˡԺصˣ½ô֮ǣ 

ķҧҧǣǡ 

ص׾ӣӢʰеһֱڻӢ 

ֻӢʦҪȥĵ͹Թ 

ǶȥңʲôǷһȥɵġ 

Ӣû취̾ȥն 

һζùãȥʦ˵˵εôҡӢһۣ̾޿κΡ 

¥ſڿһһ˻Ӣȴ¥ʦƽվ͸ҸһΪʱҪһˣ 

¥üȥֻȥһ˵ܿͻ㹦вңڼҺúϰ 

¥ӵ湦ǻңܱȹùʲôҲǿɣ 

¥һʱӢ˵߹һͷ⺢ӣԽˡ 

¥ֱҡʦô˵Ҳûȥĸɡ˵Ȧˡ 

¥Ҳᣬһ̾˿ 

һȥˮʦǴӦˣ¥ֵʦķտء 

ķʦİɣһչģȥɡ 

Ӣתȥˮȥռ񼸼ú˵ǵģ֪𣿡 

֪˵Ӱɽȥˡ 

պ̨ķʹޣķ翴һ𳤴ֵܣۣǿȥֲǲˣʲôӺء 

̨Ӳ˲һıһȥ֪Ҫȥá 

ķȥ¾ͻ 

̨ǣһƥп鲼һӡһӣװʮֻ׸롣 

̨ϣʲô¾дֽϣǽϵСͲǻɻҵġҶǰȥ㡣 

ķһѱסֵֻ̨ܡҲʲĻˡ 

Ǳ޵ø˶һ㡣ʱſ棬һѱסķ޵ķ磬һҪջ 

ķȥˮһᾡģһҪ̨ĻҪѵùɵصͷ 

ֱͷʹһӢһԿţ̲ס޵ɷУ¥Ҳ̲ס۷졣 

ʱӢͻȻһû˹ȥ¿Ż˴ˡæ͵мУһźӣһְ 

¥һ߽ȴȴҳߡã΢Ц֡ 

¥ʵǺβ 

Цûϲˣϲˡֻһʱ˹ȥҿҩ¾ûˡ 

¥ԣϲ񡣳׼һֱδӡͻϲһʱϲò֪룬ֻסелллл 

ʦɵ࣬һЦ¥ʦſźÿҩ¥Ȼǲ˼ 

һӢͲٳ;ˣ¥Ҳֻʱչ˻Ӣ飬ķȴǰֻ̽ΣһϢɸ봫顣һе¥Ϻ㡣 

Ѱ˼ķڵΪѣֻǽǳ²ȫǾġ㽻ķ緲¶Ҫ侲çײ㶣ǡ 

ķһ£㷽ö⡣ 

ķʦ˵أʦкν¥Ǵȥԭ̽䡣 

ķһʵ겻δټл𣿡 

¥ϴ̸һЩ£ĥã 

ķĻһ跨ҵġ 

¥ͷִӻȡһｻķҲѰշɸ봫㸸֮ 

ķ̯һССֽдţة֪֮ɣ롣ʼʲݣǲִټдµģûܾȵ˸ףҲжҡ 

պķʦʦݱ 



ʮ 

       ķһ·У·Ҳһգ˴ԭ 

뿪ʱطһмϤʣҲȻʡǹҸ֪Щʲôˣһ·Ҳ飬ӱϼС 

ӽˣȴп֣һռҸǵȴԥˡ 

ķǰٸнʮǰһĺĺٴӿͷ˼ӺβȻȥȴҲͷֻüвˡ漴ǽϣɽ֮Ҳ֪Ӻԭɵٴ 

ķ粻֪Ǽ˼ɣҲҴʣԶһջò֣ķ磬ǰмҿջסٽǰɡķɫҲ磬ͷջǰ 

δСӭʵλ͹٣ǳԷסꣿ˵ֽ߽ 

ҪȰǰϷŪֵĺò͵ȥ˵գȡ¶ңȥϵѩ 

ϱǳŮĵطһ棬Ǳ˴磬òȴڽҲΪѵã̲ס࿴ۣ߽ͷٿ֮ˣҲŶңѹüͣʮ޳ȴģ 

С˼Ҳһ㶣ؾ࣬ʧ񣬸ɴӦա롣һ߶泪ֺòϷ䡣 

ջ䲻󣬵ɾ࣬ס޳Է֮ࡣڸС¥֮ʱܾ˫۾ֱԼǻͷʱȴ˿ûʲôر֮ˣΪԼġԳϹķڲ࣬Ҳˡ 

ĸоûд࣬һȷʵ˲ͬ 

ջդ״ˣѧգܵϲȻи黨ǲݣֻҪòδҪǣһѷˣԼ޴񣬵ҲøΪҲΪвܣ֮£ɡ 

ûԼҰһ㣬ŵԳֳ÷ΣĴзɧһļϣŮӣ˳ߣǧټƣֶףֻͼһʱ֮䲻ɱһˣȴʮֽƻÿÿ참ͬص㣬֪ڰ׶ͷʹѣΪǡդΪ⡰ǡ֮Եá 

Щӻդ⸽һԲС˽ͨΪ£Сסڴ˿ջ֮СոմС檴ȴǰͶ档ȡ¶ҵһ̣۱ճϣҲ뿪áýޣ̬ȶʣִˬɡֻǼ彣ͬУҺΣתѰҿ֮ 

˴λؽҲǰٸнʱĶҲʱ뾡ȥĸ㣬ߵˣȴ޺£֪ῴʲô龰 

ȴһŮ˼ǰڴĮȻҲķңȻ̨ͣԼѵķ࿴ 

ܺķ絥½ϣܲ˵ǸõĻᡣϣԴ˻ȴԼһŮ¡ķѽӽδ֪¡뵽ˣҲסȥѰķ磬ķ羹˵˯հ˵ٰ࣬ģ¥̨ҹ 

¥̨һ֮ϣϵĶ첻ƴĮ䣬δѩںͻˮһƬ 

դһһҹһŹ˼ѻᲽ¥̨֮ǰ̾ϢΪζڴ̾Ϣ 

ûע⵽ˣһԼʮµҡվ¥̨֮⡣һЦ 

դһЦ̬Խߵҷ֪ΪһЦˣȴ֪ΪηЦ 

ֱؿԼǲ죬Լòȴǻϲ˺֣ĻðӡڴĮ󣬲֪Ķϲһȡդʹȴȡ 

դһ˰Ȥȫϰף󷽣֮ǰʶŮȫͬһζиͣͲŮȴ 

դ޶ȣȴçɨгѰ˼꼶Ϲ򵽸ò壬Ȼͬȴ֪ף̽һΪ֪Ӻζͬ飬֪Ϊˣ 

汾ģ˵ҲȤҴӴĮһҸ硣 

դгʵֳֳػ䣬֪Ϊεʦ£ 

һЦ˵òᣬʲôʦʦҲ֪ǺʦסڴĮ 

դ潡̸Խӻϲ˵֣벻Į֮кθ֣Į֮Ϊ壬˼һҹˣ̫䣬ҷƣɷһͬСůůӣ 

Ȼ󷽣ȴҲ֪ʱȥİӷǲףּԼгһᣬڻդǰһ˺òҹŮȥƵģ˵գͷһŤطȥˡ 

դȥٺһЦζԽ㣬ԽϲҪҵеġ 



ʮػҸ

       һҹѩããһƬ·Ө⡣ķ򿪴˿ʵĿ¥½оɨǰѩ 

֮⣬߸ߵĳ֮Ͽšꡱ֣ķֻѪȣѪҴܣæ˼˳ǡ 

ģϵߺţΣԶԶȥֻͷӿһ˴Įܱȵġ 

棬ŶʱԽļ䣬ҸֱȥԽԽ٣ڿң֮ʱ 

ҲƾɲеѾȻ˾סʱ龰ȫͬããһƬԶԶãã֮УԽԵüž 

ķסͷԶҸѹʮҲƲסˢһжڵ˿ɿ 

޹ٱأżйٱѲģķҲðȻǰȥ 

ǻ䣬һһ߳˿ţҪȥͷķǱ˴ţ΢ŽͷСӡ 

ķ˽лæˡ 

һ̧ͷе˰̣һѲ֪Ŀ 

˼ò»ϲλ֪ڴкιɣ 

ķʣöڽ棬·˵أǰַǷ˵ϡ٣ȴ֪˵Ϊ 

˵⸽ľ񶼰ˣûסˡ 

ֿ˿ΪʲôˣǰôլҲûס𣿡 

ǶȻûסˡ 

װֵôլӣסϧ𣿡 

һѹǴӦ˰ɣ 

ķǡ 

˿˿ǰĴլҲѹǲ֪ˣǰǴլҸԭһ٣ʮǰųնʬպ󱻾͵񡣿һҵ˾ôûˡԺ⸽˰İᣬߵߣͳˡ⼸Ҹֹ⸽Խû˾סˡ 

ķһֹǲֹ 

˵⼸мϣ˿ҹе⣬Ҳ 

ķԽֵ᲻˾ס 

˵һأ˾סʮǰԺѪˮˣ˭Ƕס 

ķ絭᲻ߵ˻ǰݼ߻дأ 

˵һ˿䣬һָֻƽ˻˰ݼٸҲǰȥ鿴ҹҹء 

ķûŹһ˿еʵзʲô𣿡 

˵һȻеٱȥ鿴ȴһŮڷǰ١ 

ķ簵ѵȥݼĸΪβʦ˵׻λ书ǿѣŮˣѵʵ˿Ůʲô𣿡 

˵￴˵˻δ߽;ǰһڣ֪ˣʱ磬ŷˡԺǶҲû˸ȥˡ 

ķʵҷ˺ųն 

˵˵ͨݺةࡣ 

ķǿѹеŭʵͨ𣿡 

˫ҡǳͥ£ƽϰθҺҲ²⡣ǿǵԴ¡ 

ʵɣ˼ҶˣΪ㻹ס 

˵ŮģһͷǹգʲôɰİҲûطȥҲȥɣǻ˵뿪ˡ 

ķԶҲҵطס£ͷٻص֮С 



ʮСл

       ǣڽй䣬˳㹺һЩֵƷֻ࣬ۻҡ 

֮ͻȻһʮһСл嵽ǰһײڵء 

汾ײʹҪСлѵã˫ţɫֽ֮࣬ϸǳǲ̣ͬ飬ȥ֪Сл¶ſ֣æһ˶֮ȥ 

Слеֲǹôʲôպ꣬۽ɨСлһǮ൱죬һȻԼǮ 

ԸյϣͱһСл͵ȥǮŭ졣üһ͵ҵǮ˵Сл׷ȥķüǣں档 

ֲ̫֮࣬ʩչṦСжԵ·൱Ϥ漷ȥδ׽Сл 

׷һСȴʧȥСлӰ 

ķָָݶ⣬ԾݶߴСлǽϢԽǮ 

һͷҪȥʹһ١ 

ķһסҡҡͷ˵ǿѹŭӸķ档 

Сл͵͵Ĵδ׷ϣǮóһСֽǮСڻУߵһͷǰǰװ׵ͷݺ̿ˮϰ壬20ͷСлӹͷΪһɫ죬һȥúýѵһ 

ķһסٿ 

ֻðסӣ԰ɣ԰ɣôͷ㡣 

֪Сл̿ˮͷСĵİãڻУƾɲĵ·ͷʵʵذסһСɱȥ 

˸е֣βֻһƾС֮ǰŴãﻹֵܵ磬߰˸С꣬Сֻ꣬⻹һԼʮˣڣ塣ʱڽＷһ˶˶ 

СǼСлȥĽеˣˡ 

˿Слĵ䣬˰ɣ 

СлЦЦүүҲ䣬һ˵һߴŶ¡Ȼóеͷ˵ĵͷˣȵŶ 

СһըһеͷˣͷˡȫΧߡ 

Сл𼱱𼱣жУһһ˵߽ͷָСǣֻʣͷߵߵˡ 

ֻһˣԲôࡣСлӲһеҸղʱͳԹˣүү԰ɣһҪˡ 

Сл˫סһͷ̻ʵسͷȥһˮ 

ڴղŻɱģȴӲ˲۾ȥˮ߿ţŵһ˽ȥ 

Слһˣɫ࣬ܵǻǵ¡͵ǵǮҪʹңҪ˺ǡ 

ǼСץͷҲٳԣеСģͷ£۾ֵؿ档 

涢Сл㲻°𣿡 

дС˳е㲻Ҫǵĸ硣 

СлæС͵ǮҲԣҪҪԣ޹ģ仹С벻Ҫ˺ǡ 

ķСл¶Ƥϵ࣬ؾ档 

ǲԭҲ֪ԣ 

Слҧҧѵ촽˵ˣߵǰͨһȥСлһүүȥסˡ 

ƿСлҪ־͹ͷӰɡǵ磬϶ಡûչ˺ҪҲ䵽͵Ǯһ 

ķһۣǰ˵˼ңӼˡ 

汾ֻСлһţһղű͵֮ˣǲҲǰȥסʵ˼ңûдΪã 

̾˿ﻹ˰ 

ķ翴˿һС䲻һˣʵЩСĸĸأ 

һڼ˾ȥ׳ս֮ˡڼŮ˶¼ӸļȥˣСĻڳ̡ӿͽӹšﱾֶ˼СԽԺڣֻͷ¶棬ĴЩҺڡ֪ǰ꼸·˵أмɫУз񣬹ƴϣǼһˡҼףǿڷȥƴҲϹͷ˾ˣȴ֪µСԱ߿СлǽŤһۡ 

ķаޣǽˡСлʵʲô֣ 

Сл˵꽫Ǯó档 

ķӻȡһƱڹȥѼﲹһ£Щ跨СڣԺҪ͵ˡ 

½ӡţͨǮׯ֣ȴһŵ˿˵ʲôҲҪ汶вͣһڹе׽ȥ٣˵͵Ǯˡһֻòҳˡ 

ķЦЦˡʹʶ֣ 

ͷǰѧһЩ 

ķʵǰʲôģ 

СлȾġ 

ķԺһúˣҪˡŷӦⲻΣſڵֱͷĺҲͷԽҪȥ 

ķ﷢ᣬҲסչṦȥ˺͹ڵãķȻŴЩůشˮ׺һЩȾϣүүһ˾ʱ׵ȾҵûվţвʯͷǺ󻰣Ҳٶ˵ 



ʮ ջ

       ջǰ̻Ի͵ĴſڣдţʳζдţɼΡ顱ôĿҵҪԡķͷڶ¥һλ¡СѺһߡ 

ʵС磬Ƕдúô֪Ƿˣ 

СЦλһɣͷŵǶλ֪ˣ˼ΪĿջпͷǰ˼ʩõģסµĿ͹صһʣ֤⡣Ʋ˸ȫٰ죬϶޹ء 

ͷҪúóˣʲôֵģ 

Сһһֱһ㳪ǶˣнѼƣ÷缦۽ƣӼзƶʨͷԧᣬʳ˿ӹӣ¹ 

δ꣬ͷشϵõã˵ô죬Ҳǲ£ô࣬ҲԲˣͰǼ񼸸µþƣ粻ãҲǵơ 

Сٿͷģ⡣˵ˣ߳еСɿػصǰʵ͹ٻкηԸ 

ȥ׼Ϸ 

Сˬˬشϡȥкȥˡ 

һֱĬķʱŶѾǺܾˣ֪Ǻ⡣ 

ȥȴˣͷٱк 

عͷ 

ķʵʶ㽫֮˵һ顣 

ķܾĶ˵ĲԾСΪá 

Ӧˣȥֶһ¥ҲջϢַǷſмòŮӲͣкͣ¥ҲվżŮӣ¥֮˰ŪʣȴŮӣ֡ 

Сϲ֮ʱʵС磬ԶǺȥ֣ 

СͷһǴ¥ 

ʵǶʲô֮֮ˡ 

СһʱǸ 

ȵʲôǸģ˵ 

Сͷһȣֻõλǰȥвٺ֮ǡͲǰȥˡ 

˷֪طһ조ޡһҸŲȥֵطء 

Сﰵ˭֪أȥ˵Ͽɲ˵ǡ 

ĻդҲ̲סЦ 

һͷݺݵһۡ 

դ룺椹Ȼ˼˾ǰһƣȤɷö˹ 

ķ䲻ϲ˿Ҳ̫ӲöҲǳ˵أҲָһ 

դºΪֺ棬ڱϰףʤ㣬ϵرغһ۽ǲʱɨ档 

þζķй˵а㰵⣬ֻƳԲˣٴԡ˼ɫȻĮĴƣȫͬǿ 

դҲķ磬ֻѹüͣ࣬ΪᣬҲ֮в죬ֻЩȭȣԽĿ֪ķϰͩĶķѪһܲ 

ķҲΪḻβԼӴ̽һϲɣ˵˲ڶ֪࣬˸õף 

դ˵ɣϵȷ˲ܼȻȴδ 

ķһ˵ϣҲɴ֪ɼݺη˴εϾϣлݼ˼ңҵɣָ̨һ 

դҲֻδˣ˵һŮ䳤δŮѰҽڼǰĴߣھɾݡȥѰã֪Ƿ֮СȻǰ˼¡ 

ķһƱһȻʵǺδ£ 

դۿ룺ӿϲ£ҵҪþһЩ 

ǰһҹ̽ةฮҪ֪ةฮڶǿģǸֽ󲻾ñ㱻֡ 

һһʵɱˣ 

դǻûУǸֺ˵ã䱻֣Щڸ֣ȴá 

ķ԰դͣºȾƣߵǺأ 

դҡӵǸּ֣֪ȥĿѳɣˡȻةฮȴȥȥģ粼޵ǸֹȻ˵ã޵֪һ֮ߴ·ܵ 

ʵ֮ܵأ 

դͲö֪ˡ 

ķ簵Գ˼ʱʵ 

դܵ˵˭ҲܽģȥҲûǲǽȥ˭ 

ķװ֪ҡҡͷ׵ˣֱ˵ɡ 

դڸ˵ȴɡ 

ķ棺һ֪ʱԾವġķ簵岻֪ҹ̽ฮΪ£ 

ʵɾҲûϢ𣿡 

դд˵һŮӴˣҲֻǴš 

ʵ᲻Ů 

դŮ书Ȼˡ 

ķ˴ʵ֪ȥةฮʲô 

դͲö֪ˣֻֻɱ˲֪ˡ 

ʵŮأδ 

դӻդʧ٣ŮҲʧȥټ֪ˡ 

ķĴˣؾǶʱ飬ʱ䲻֪Ҳѹ 

ķƽһǻ׹ߣؾ֤ŮǱûϣ⣬ȸĸˣţ̤ÿҲҪѰҡ򶨣Ȱʧ䡣 

֪ķͩŮ̣͵ۿж棬ʲôף 

դȻˣΪԼɽ£ǵ⣬ķͷ⣬ۿ棬ֱﲨ 

Ȼֲ飬ʵ۾ôˣ𣿡 

ķҲͷդ֣ոս˵ҳСа㣬俪ʻõȴһɧŮӣŪ÷ĿҪһֽţ̻췹ϸңȻգ粻ϣҲǿֹˣԺѰճȾǡ뵽ⷢЦæøɿڸǡ 

ķȻդȥ󷽷ԸϺúϢԼȶȥҸ̽飬޲֮һͬݼ 



ʮҹդ

       ϴĴ 

ķ绻ҹ£ƿҹڷߣʵ̽ĺ 

Ծ⣬ݶδվȣԶӰһæש֮Ӱúÿ죬תѴķ֮ɹһȴǰֱ˹ȥһڷĴ 

ķβֻ˷ڴǰѶڴϸ 

¶׵¹ϣǻդ 

ķЦһų֣ҪҪʲô 

ָֻմ˵ˮѴֽ˸С￴˿ڻȡһ״ڶڣ״ 

ķһĵĶ˰Σդ򿪴˽ȥ 

ķԾߣҪԾȥ׽񣬰β˻ᣬССܸѵԺⲻΣһֻդӴϱ˯æһ 

դѲ֪µ棬ԾڲԶķ֮ϣ¹˯ݣٺһЦ֪벶ϣȸںһ·Ծȥһ߻ŻΡ 

դֱߣ߷һС׿澹кޱѱ¡ڲڣԼԾβ⿪«έȥ 

ڻդ֮ʱķǱС֣ڴУ˯棬ҡҡͷԱСϵˮһá 

汾ֻܵͨɺҩˮһȻתѣֻͷʹѣȴڿջ֮С 

Żˮ֮Դ«έ֪ںδķȴǰһˮЦЦһˮΪĨȥˮ 

ķæס죬˸Ķô֮ 

ֻŭڣü˫ֻȥǻդһʱ֪Ŀĺڣװδѣ˵Լķǵȹķ֣д֪ 

ķͷ⣬ͣס֪ѵطǱ֣ڴ֮ϡդͣסС򴬲ȥ 

ȥȴں«ݴ֮С«έïܴ׳Сͣ«ݴУڵʵʵ 

դ˯죬潿ΣٺЦˣжԸ⣬á»֮ҹ޾ƣ 

˵վСߵƣƱֻһͷһȴһĳڲ֮ϣʱŵƨĻҶ 

˵˵Ǻ˭ 

դһ֮Խ亹ֱðȻؾϽƬָ̼ˣֻ¹ᡣ 

ҵҪˣ 

դ˽ҩסˣСײ㽫 

÷Цȴ֪֮Ϊˣ 

դŲӵȰѽÿۣһһʱⲱӿɾͲˡ 

դֻҪÿһôģССŮӣֵ 

һ˵Цû֦ҲڻդդбۿųԼܵİѲЩȥһСģԼӿɾҪϴһӡ 

ʱ⴬ͷһת伫 

դԽľ֮ģ治½֪ⴵ֮γڴͷ֮ϡ涨Ϊȡ 

ǵ㻨ֻ֪ܲ׽Ū 

դһᣬϲĵСӹȻ̫ۣȻȴ֪ˣе跨 

תЦסС椣Э֮ˣܵ 

դ뵽ͻȻһץȥ˾֮һץȻ֪֡ζԼһ泤ִԼĲ֮ϣап࣬ССŮӾ˹ 

潫һʱڻդһϸڣѪ˳դŵﻹΡ 

һⲱӻ 

դ۷ֱ˫ִ򶶣ų 

Ц㻹ûشҵأ㵹Ҫ˭ 

դĸҽӻֻǽһͻȻһȥ˵óһȴÿ 

դͷվһ޳ӰԴηͣס棬湻𣿡ķ硣 

汻ҩգҲò˸ 

դɣųһƣԾԾߣ֪ӸոԾߣһʹȫöյѨֱͦͦشӰˤڼװ֮ϣֻˤðǣȫͷҪɢܰʹ 

ķתӣһֻ˫ĿǣףԼʮһ㡣դϲһ־ͽƷ֮˾ᡣ 

߹һŵôϲˮɡ˵գȡֽŰ˸ʵ˶ºС 

泤ڴĮ֮УȴỮذڶСֻԭشתߡɼɷ 

ķ翴Ƭ֪֮ԭһǰһֿСǰʹֱֵ 

˵դֽŶںУֱ³æס죬ˮδȴҲ̹֮ǣˮУֱݸֱ졣ˮ¼治ŴԽӺ£ֻ»ûѾ֮ˮˡ 

ڿԽԽ٣ڱˮ֮ǴȻǰУֱˮ棬ŵ˿ȻδüˮС£֮«ݴϺòʹǿ಻ԣʲô֮˸ 

˳ŴóͷĴդʹֻñտڣʹҪĵϵðϷɱСӲʱӱײһתȴķڴͷϹɹ磬֪˴伲УΪֻԼϼҲܼɱ֮ĻҷֻԺҪٿˡ 

ҲĥشͷķݴûϵڹΪ̶ȣֻʦ֮ϡ 

Сڰͣȣķ罫դᵽϣɫͿˣǽ͵ٸȥ 

潫ӸϣֻնӴ֮ͷǣСķֽ⿪Ѩߡ 

դˮ棬Ż˼ںˮһȫһ㣬òǻķ˵Ҫ͹٣˼ת֪Լ֮İӣһ͵ٸλߵһ֮դһƽеС 

һôˣ 

դҪ 

Цˮﻹû𣿡 

դѿ㣬ˮôó 

˵ôףЦˡ 

դڿϣҲ 

һɲĳʺζڱһָԵȥǱߣܡ 

դұýܵˣ 

Ҳǣ֮нԼȴǣͷšܴԼӰҲ 

ķ˾壬ҡҡͷǰȺ 

˵˰գԲդЩͣеûаӦ 

˰ķǰһҡͷЦ 

Ļлդڣֻӽ˰֦ϣһӹϣ¿̫紵ڿҲ֮ڡҹɫе˶Ƕһ㡣 

ķ˱Ҳǰդܵдŭ漴뵽դŸĴܣ̿סЦɫǣ´ùײϣһҪÿ 

ܵ˻դٸҲȥˣֻ÷ؿջ 



ʮ ҹ

       ˽еͭ£ţҹˣغŻע򡣡˸ǷϵǸȻһȥ 

ԶһӰӽջڷܱһ㣬һ֮ϣʧҹĺСǺӰķ硣 

ҸҹɫԽһƬڼžԶһݶǱãаٱѲߣ 

гԶԼںޡķϸ֮¾ĸϲģ˼д 

룺ѵĸ׵Ļڣٲ룬񱼡ȻδֹͣˡпУĸױߣȵȺȻδ 

ķԾǽͷԼһ޴֮ǰķ缱ѰĸףϸԾϷߴܳ˱紵Ŀݲݣˡ 

Ҳ̲ס޳еսгȻæѹס̧ͷȴԶһСսǴһӰһغתʧڹսǴ 

ķ簵ס׷ȥǰӰڴֻһСȴﻹӰǹսǴ÷ȥۻص֮С 

¹ⷽʱһˣĻ԰ѲڣԺֻпݻƵҰڶ 

Ժмһ޴أظĸ㼰һҶٶȫڴ˾޷֮¡Ҳվȣ˫ϥһȥ㣬ˡЩ꣬ĺÿࡣڣΪʲôһ棿Ļûˡ 

һ˱ɱһĺĺһһһչǰķƽԼȥˮİɣҲҶٶ˰װȥģһ࣬Ѫޡ˵޷ȥ 

һ֮¾µĻҽķ￩һ£ղǰӰĸף˭ԺʱһӰѪԣһ 

ٴηݶߴһƬȴ￴ӰѰаûڣΪθղŲ뵽ΪûѰһ 

˰հ룺ұ꣬Ҳһҵġ 

߽ݣŴڷзѵѵײ 

ܰĶѰߣֻ²ζ֮֩󡣴õϰѪ¹֣ߵȥĵطϸɿݵѪߵĸ׺ͽ㱻ĵطһ˿ʺҺսȭͷ 

߽ľңϴһСٿ𣬶ȥȥ֩ÿСٿһһǻҳСǶ 

СǶĻҳɫ½һơ֣ɫ½ȴ˸硯֡ǰֳʮǰһƷӱϿĸСǶĸһߣһ߿΢ЦʱĽеСǶϱԡ 

ķ罫СǶסղźò׿סһãСǶ뻳С 

תһһ䷿䣬һصԺ֮УԽࡣ 

ͻȻԶһѷųһ˿̾˿ԾǽȥֱԶӶɵػӱߣȡ򣬴˼һˣӱߡֱؿջ֮С 

ʱķ緿еȺ򣬼ѶʣۺףʮвģߵĻӲ˻ƣҪ˳ȥ 

ķ絭صóȥ 

ٴ߻ʵȥˣ 

ķͷ 

ʵʲôʱȥ㣿 

ķ˵걳תŴⲻ 

ıӰֹ˳ȥ 

ķȥҹ£ϴȥڴ૵صղ࣬гˡһ૵壬Ķ֪ʱ˯ȥ֮ʱʱ֡ţ˱㵽¥¿¡ 

ķ翴Ŵ⣬Ŀһս֮ 

۹ȥȴһ˰̵˽ֻ໥֮УǰŲӶڹսǱ֮ǰһСżձһ߹һձݹȥǮæӹлŮ߿ˣֽܣȥ 

濴˻˵İչñɹŰոడ 

ķͷԿˣ棬ܾ˺죬ǰһ㣬㿴Ƿϵã 

ż𣿡 

ķָĲ죬Сʱ򡣡 

ϸȥôҲǵܲʲôϤĵطãȻҡҡͷ 

һõԶһʿӳ·˳ܼ֮ÿÿȴ٣ֱȺֱ 

Ⱥʱը˵ļһ㣬Ҵܣ֮ˤõǡ 

սǴȥսǴ˶ŵôסˡ 

ǾʿԲסͷһ·̤ȥ 

һɣವһüȡ 

ۿ˾Ҫ̤֮£˲̹ۿͷȥ 

ڴʱ͡һ죬ǰϥȻ򵹣ǾʿˤǾʿڵϹ˹һȳһյȥǰˣΪܾ¡ 

ǰˣɫһƤûͷûԾ˳ȥ 

Ƥδ£͡һ죬һʹһɣƤ䵽ϡͷһ°һ֧ϵ꣬ҿ 

ʱߴϸϸ´ײݽȡСʿ֪֣ĻΣԭز֪롣 

ֵ´α˫ۡˮӾʿͷ£ҪǲײĲᣬ 

ʿңæϻµǣߵˡ 

ܾʿˤֽкãǾʿǻá֪λ 

ķİĵžƣιôôѪûа֮ͬ 

˵֧ӣδ˵Ļʻضӣͷ쵽֮ͷ 

ķˣüͷֱ壬淽һЦλϣҪСÿӡ 

ٿ⣬˴Ӹղŵľлع˫ּɢڵϵձʹӲĻҳ̾˿ձŽˡ˵꽫ڻݷȥ 

嵽ǰóһӵɣձҰɡ 

˿棬¶ӵ飬ָֻƽձˣˡ棬ˡ 

Ҫ׷֪ʱķվסҡҡͷ 

صջʵΪʲô׷ 

ķ絭Щǲϲͬġ 

Ǻİ 

ķ簵ʱͬһ˵ġû˵Թ˻طȥˡķߵˣһ壬طȥˡ 



ʮ Ϸ

       ĸٱŲǽϻһӡٱ߿߱߱Թ̵أû徲ӹҹҪȥѲߡҲ̾ 

һٱһڿˮѹǼײʲôаˣҪȥѲ֡ 

һȫ˸սҪǰһײʲôڻġ 

һԲٱ˼ڿˮޣޣ˵ɱ˵ 

һһֱû˵ĵȥĶϼݣеһ֣ײʲôҲ㿪Ĺһء 

Բٱ˵ͱ˵ 

ղŵ鵽һкã뵽еöģͷ˼һĳȥˡ 

ҹ䣬ããѩ 

ʱǼʹһڷȥЩȻĸ缺ʱĸϡ 

Լ֪˭͵͵˵ĸһ󻧼ѾͷǼ˻˺ӡڱѩصӱ˳ȥˣ˼ؼСķƺȺķĵ 

ȻҶĸŮǳãĸŮȴҲΪһҹӸվ𣬼ĸڸױߣʱײ֪ǿĸ׵һ档 

¸ʮ꣬ڿȥĸ׷ǰˣԽԽΡͣضɵڣϣķ 

ڼںӰһߴķĴ֮ߡĻ֣ͣԾ⣬ǺӰֱ 

ķһͣ£Щס 

ķ磬ϻʺš 

ķֵѲ֮ˣ֪˺£ҲСģ¶١ͷǰԾȥ 

汾ķ˵ڵȻۿǻ龰ʱʮ𾪡 

Ǿ޴أȫ֪ĸһһᣬһͨһȥͿ޵εذ 

ķĬĬصڷǰͷȥѰ˰¾ֱȥ޷ȥˡ 

޷ڿʮǰʦ뿪ľ飬һ·ϰֵСŮϧҲΪҲʧȥĸף̾˿ߵסļ 

عͷſͻȻ˵УԽʹ 

ķ§סž޷ء 

ΧǽⲻԶĽŲıԹķæƿСޡ֪һҹǿԴúԶġ 

ȻЩĿȵ˭ 

˭ 

߹ȥ 

᲻й 

ʲôôˣʲôµģӵ 

æֹסķסԾǽͷƿһԾر˷ֻ֣غ 

ſҼĽĸٱ˾ŵգͷǰȼİڷв˸ս˭棿˵Сļغת 

ķ粻Ըˣ˼Ʋ֮ʱԶǽǵ涯һ£ۿȥֻǵϱһӣ¶һŻһһֳŰӣһֳ֡ķȻҵľƿߡ룬Ǿƿȥ 

˴ǽȥľ壬˲֪ؿڣؿ˺εģȻǣк֮ģ㾲涯 

ǼٱΧž޷תһȦˣֻȷ᲻ǶڣЩű紵á֨ѽ֨ѽ죬ɭֲõգֻһŵ֩ԽԵùɭɭﻹҽȥ 

һǻ߰ɡ 

һ߰ɣֻҪ˵Ҳû֪Ҳʲôϵ 

ʱһֻҰèӷȵݶһԭҡβƬϣƬ÷顣 

ŵƨ۾ڵϲͣصˣˣòңԩͷծǵ°ҪΪǡ 

˰Σһһֻֻۣ⣬һƬæ֮⣬򻰣Ҳȥ 

ٱԶؿ˴ȼӣȼеĵɡ 

ķ˼䱳ӰǸˣ˼ҡ˻عͷһ˵ȴǵˡ 

˿ķȴĳԾ鿴תȥ߰ɡ 

˸߹һĵصһľ֮ǰƿľ壬˳ȥһ֮УòǶ겻ס 

Ǽݣ˲Զİȥ 

ķţſʡ 

˿һ۵캮ضģȽݰɡ 



ʮ 

       СǼªխϵޱ˲㲹ԿδձСĵķһڣȻǰӵϼձ 

Сĵĵȼ͵ƣ͵ƱϸɸɾȻѵòŵһΡɼƽʮƶࡣ 

ем֪Ķİʡعɣ˼ңҲûʲôдġ 

£۵ɵɵؿ档 

ֱԼͷԼҲûкβ֮ʵɣ 

˱һлع󰡡Щ󡣡Ȼҡҡͷԣԡ 

ķԽ֡ 

ķɡ 

Կ棬ʵ֪λΪҹҸݼ 

˱һʣȴзʣ治˵ѣֲ˵Լݣʾһʱ 

ķȸĹˡͷ˼ 

ķʵΪһصͨҸ֪ҹΪȥƿߣ 

һ̧ͷʵ֪Ҹƿߣ˭ 

ķ綢˫ۣԺʱͻȻһˣҵĹܼ壬̵ٻʮǰԺȷʵûлˣҡҡͷԼ뷨ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ˫ۣ֮ǰʦ˵Ļ뷨ֱҡˡ 

̽һ㴫档 

ͻȻʲôõģôѺȡ 

ȫһ棬ǸСӳԵġ 

ķŵԺСϲȡƶʱƾƿʱ˵Ļ 

վ˫סС㣬ˣ 

ɶһ㿴ķ磬ΪղǾ仰ķ˵ģǺ˼Լȴö֪ 

˼˷Ӧ޵尡㲻ǵ𣿡 

Ա֣мס˿޵壬㻹ţôˣҲƣСѾˡС񰡡 

һ£˵кˣһֱΪƣѵȴС㣿˶ֵžͺãžͺá˵գΪСˮСʱĸҲá 

ֲֵҿЩء 

ķȡ¶ҵ壬ƶˣڡ 

˸ȫһתӣķ类׻һ㶨סˣ˫֣ķĵصǷүǷүһģϹͷڵȵǻˡ˵걧ʹޡ 

ķҲǼ֣뵽࣬ʵ壬λģΪιƶࣿ 

̾˿ڻ֮С 

̧ͷҸķʮǰǿµһҹ 

ѽ֮գڷаںǹ±һķүСſˣơ 

ķҼǵõʱͻȻܲۿ꽫Ҫǻݡ 

ǰǵʱСȴӲǲֻԺˣ 

ķһǵõʱʱһֻ׸ 

ͷǵʱҿֻ׸룬ǰ׸ɽãһүСүƽձ൱֮ˣʮƽͣʱȴǽﲻҪɢˡ֪д·æȥк롣ڴʱдĽŲȥŷһٱΧ֪æɱүүҪҴеүű֮ģв֮Խǿҡ 

ķһһʹʵǺأ 

ĨҾ͵ԺҪ˿跨ʱȴϱ˯ո֮ǰĹٱײţǿո֮С 

ķ˴ԭգ彫Сھ̳֮УҲˣűʦ־ȳ 

ԭСǱүȥˡ 

ķͷǺأ 

ȼ֮𣬼ʱٱײţ˽˾ͿǶٶˣƬ̼ʬأûܳȥһҺҲ⣬һٱ 

˴һͣͣҲ֪˶ãұˮѣȴԼѪˮ֮Уʹ̣֮ǰһСȫҵʬ壬йٱء㲻ҷ죬䣬ȴүͷСǲ龰ʱû뵽үš 

˴ķ 

ԵͻȻ뵽СظǰȴǿտҲΪСҲֲⲻҡʱңŵ֪ˮȴԽԽѣҵҪǺ캦֮£Ķƿ֮Сʱ̫أ˾ƿߺ󣬾Թȥˡٴʱ֮ȴٱڿʬ塣Աȴδʬһһղ顣ϧҲҽǰƸߣĿʬϸϸѲ飬ѰʲôҸֵǮ֮˸ա 



ʮ 

       ˵꣬󶳽һ㣬Сֻʣ̾Ϣ͵ 

ãķʵûƿ𣿡 

ƿʮܣǿŻġ 

Щӣ壬ôģķʵ 

ƿʳоƣھƿһ£û뵽ƾһתҴӾƿְ߳صĹٱѾȥѲ߹ٱȴϣ߳ȥᱻ֡ 

ֹסʵôġ 

ҿ϶Щ£ӣڴʱã뵽ڵصķҲ֪˶ãֱȫѲߵĽŲ֮ˣ֪Զˣһ·ڣֻһ֮ʱڵصﾲգκһСһ֮ڣڻҳܲؾ˾סڿ棬ӵصгԼȻԶ˼Ұİᣬߵߣ޾סˣֻԶĵطм˼ҾסǱⰫסˡ 

ʣ壬Ҽʮ꣬סѵûϵ𣿡 

ָָԼϡãĻϵҾҵĹܼңο⸽ҲûˣûͷԺηˡЩల¡Ѳ֮ҲȥطѳΪʽ֮أұÿĴصݼƽ˼үͷ̫ҲȥǰСƬ̣ռֽǮ 

֪嵱źε뾫ϵʹᣬԭ彫ҷǴУ粻ֻҲѺһȥˣ壬Ϊʲô뿪أ 

̾˿ҴСҳбĵطȥûˣҲҵļûˡҲİҵҪ˭캦¡컹ǿ۵İҾȻȵүˡүôӳȥģ 

ķ罫ĸν¥ɱƼٰζڷ֮ϣٱȥڸз뿪ԶߴĮ˵һ顣 

üͷŤһηֲõʱûСʬ壬ҵʱƹأʶģҲûϸһֱΪү㡣ԺһֱΪС㡣 

ķʵ壬ô֪һ˻Ϊλھƿ֮У 

ǰռ;ЩԾҸоǺҸŲͬѰĹϵҾ룬ǲСˣߺС㣬һÿԶԶҸȻҿл⣬ӵصȥ鿴ҲүС񡣡 

ͣͣŵҪ֪һк˻ҪǰҸֹ˵ˡ 

ķǰҾֹ֮£֪ôһأ 

Լǰһϣѹȥүͷˡ֪ڵص֮ȴһҾëȻϸ֮£ȴ־Ƿ˳ӡұΪǷ˻ˣƿߣһ档 

֪þƿֻԼӰһȴδˡΪǷ˲ϵųؿ޵ˣ尡ȻˣΪβϳСļһ棿˰Ҳ˳ 

ʱȴѲߵĹٱæصؿ֮СãҼ޶ִӾƿгȴٱεڷǰ²֪°ĭ 

ҲҶͣӵصлȥˡڶձ㴫ٱ˵£˺˵ǼһŮڷǰ١֮͸˿ҸԶļ˼Ҳˡ⸽ֻһ˾סˡǶǼ˷ˣűԺԽӳǰȥֻһײϷˡ 

ķ˴ԼӰʵ֮Ƿټǵ֮ˣ 

ͷˡ 

ķһ˵ȥȴȲ˴ߵǷ𣿡 

ֻص֮ǰһȵں󣬴ֽǮǰհںܾһ㣬ΪǷ˿ϳˣһȴǷˣֻŵĿɿڴ 

˴Ҳãһ 

忴˿ŵһعͷȴվһһŮʶİˡ 

еĿҵһЦȻҵȵˡһΪֵצԽӾһ亹һ룬Լ֮ˣЩ꣬ʲôµģƿڴ 

Ƕ˾˷ǰ㣬ҾΣԭȻд֮ˡ˰룬Ȼǰͷңȴȡ֪кĿģ㲻뿴к˵ʱŮҵ壬£ǲ˺ġԽӶ˵ҸŮҲԵ֮ˣ㲻ؾš˵겻ҶŮͽɫΪ˺ͷһɡǽŮڷǰǰ֮ 

ҷǷˣŮˡǵӿҵƽΪ¿࣬Ժ󲻱ˣкˣ꼼ɣԻһϲʱȴٶ˵ƮȥˡϸϸұȷûСʬ˵˱ΪС㣬ѹͷҲɢȥ٣ͷӹҲͲôˡүǸŮǺˣ 



ʮһ ͩ

       ķˣиӿȣƽþ÷ʦ֪ѺѡǺأ 

Ъ˿ֵǸŮѰҵסЩչҵȻ֮ȴտڲᣬֻҪҰĵȴ˵˴ͻȻסڴڳһСķ硣 

ķʵʲôһһ׻ӣ¶Ի֮ɫ 

󶨻дҪҪִĵطҽǸŮҵˣͽˡ 

ķ뵽Щƶ࣬۾һ죬 

ķᣬæԼӰãʱһ㣬ԽᡣԽԽүڶ߳ˣôСһ㣿 

ķҲ˼ס 

ķ˶ˮĵƽռģԭҲ˶飬жԽӰϧ 

ķ뵽ͩŮʧ֮£֪Ƿ֪ʵ֪Ůںδ 

һķһߵ壬˵ 

嶶˫֣˺ͷóһķһμʱҵġ˵һڲҪԺ㣬㡣ȥˡ 

ĸо֫ӣã̯ 

ֻд㿴ţұ⡣ʮǰԣ㸸ͨΪ˳߲Ȼ·˼򵥣˿ָ߱ػвø֮ءҶΰฮδܵȻ֪ةѰһɿ򣬵ߣɲ֮ʴԵ֮Ϳɳư¡ȴ㸸ǧ˿ƵĹϵҵᣬҲ֪֮ں֮֡类аߵ֮̽аΣ£ǰҹฮһܵɱˣ̽ʱū֡ǰȥ鿴в֮У飬в⣬ðȻǰϧΨԸᡣףҲ㶮£֪Ϊ˱ػƴ֮ȥĮȻϣֻ֪Ƿ񰲵ݹʾӵͼһţͼϷ˽ӦδȻϣҲػعʾӡͩʡ 

ķԭ֪ͩʧ֮£Դһ˿ϣ飬һ˿ϣӰȴδĮôںδǷȻ뵽Ϊ֮ɥȪ䲻һʱ䣬ʧʹǻΪһǻ 

ɫң֪԰οȴ֪οڣֻ۰Ͱ͵ķ硣ˣҲ̫ѹҲŮ˼ࡣķҲһЦ˵ͷǻıʹѰ˼ĿǰĴ 

һģѵķ翴ŴⰵѰ˼Ѱ壬ٿµĹȥҪȥ򲻿ϣȫ֮ 

ڴʱнŲķ˶һۣսгһ۵£ǹ 

ķ΢΢һ㶡˱ʶǿĺӣ 

˵˵ͷʵʶģ 

ǽַϵãֻȴ֪Ҿǵе壬һգҼүүĸ׵Ѫ֮УүүкԺЩǼΪ 

ͷԭˡ 

ϵϵſڴ 

߳ȥһϲãʵк˿ģ 

ϵԺðˡ 

˻ô 

˴ˣһӣҺүүﻮŰҵȾٿǾͲðˡ˵ߡһݼķˣʱĿɿڴ漴ɻõЦжˡ 

˱֪˵˱ķˡ 

ķ翴Źһת壬˷ãЩլӣЩӪʱʦ˺Ҳи֮ء 

ϸϸӹҲһ죬⣬Ǹ취һүҲи֮ͷʡ 

ķʹʲô 

ճ̡ 

ķʵû𣿡 

еģҽг̾󣬾ûôˡ 

ķԺ㣬˵С̾ԺһҪ⡣ 

˵ͷһŬġ 

ķǹ䣬Ҫ°幺ݽᣬԼȥѰ 

幺³̾ԱһլԺҲһңլԺСȴõû㾫ɣʮ⣬ʳ̾˵ǸԺʲôֺã 

̾ͽСլɡ 

Ҳ׵ 



ʮ 

       ķͣ㣬ڵݳ⡣ֻСˮɽʯ죬ֱĿɽģˮǱڼţγϿȡ 

ŮСˮд棬γһ͵ľɫ 

ķ簴ͼʾһ֮ھһ͹ƽзСʯȻȥڶʱ˴Ⱥ 

ˮ鲼Ҷ֪δڴʱںһ죬ƮһҶСۣһԼʮ꣬˷ʮŮִ˫ˮķǰͣʵӷ񣿡ö 

ķʵô֪ 

ŮһЦҼ뿪ǰ˴ֻλʮ꼶ı 

ķʵǺˣʵ֪𰸣ȻСΪǡ 

ŮȻ΢΢һЦҼ壬ϴ񣿡̽ѯҪԾܾ 

ķϵСۣŮ˫΢ҡСˮлС 

ķ翴˿Ůڰ಻סʵڼУ 

ŮӽСǣҼδڼңδˡ 

ȻⱾ֮УȻԾЩʧʵСڼң 

СС㱻˽ȥˡδ 

ķԽʧʵС֪˼סδ 

СҲ֪񣬵СǰӼҸз 

СһʱˮȻ㣬Ŀȥ̲죬Զˮ졣Լˮ·תһС֮УɿݵĺҶ粻֪ߣ治֪·С 

ķһҳ˳ˮ·²СϢһŴɡ 

СǿͣҪӳŴʵڲף 

ķ¡ 

ȻС˵ʲôҲϵ类׿ҵ˿ˣҴˮʵߵý 

ķϣҲֻա 

ˣСȴʮã⹫ӺûˣҲúãѹС 

ֻʱԶ¶ĺߡ 

Сǰ͵ˡ 

ķСϵðֻСͤ¥лˮΪ¡ 

Сķһ¥еˡһתһӣԳһͩĹܼңƽʱͩŮڼңŮС˼䡣 

̸䣬ķ֪⸸Ůϰͩ⣬Բ֪ʧ֮£ҲơֻǴȥ 

ﶨһԼǰСˡ˵ҼүнСȥǰС㽻˵Ҽ˰飬ȥĮ빫ӻ棬Ժһʱ̲ҪҵȺúô˼䡣˵ǵ˴ĮԻҡѵҼ˺С㻹δĮ 

ķĮȻһδܼ֪˼סδ 

ﶨһסڽУյĶܡ 

ķﶨһҼȥ꣬ҪҪѰÿǰ˼䡣 

ﶨһ³ʵѵСʲô£ 

ķǣֻʧȥϵ 

ﶨһ˵԰ġ 

ķﶨһɫϢһٶɡ 

ķȥˮ·Сһȥһرػʮ࣬ﶨһˡ 

䣬ﶨһƣȻķأεʡ 

ڶգ췽ﶨһС 

ﶨһסֻҪСϸȥ 

ȥ·ϣСЦǱʵؿ˫üķ硣 

ķ̧ͷС壬֪ΪηЦ 

С岻ʻеԭСǱء 

ķȻ֪Сγԡ 

СһЦϴС̾겻ģ˵֪⡣ʵҿСģȴ֪ء 

ķһ죬漴һʹǰûֻǲ֪ںδ 

СķɫȻ𼱣Ҽ˹˵ãС߲µģܻġ 

ķȴұ¶ֻܳԳɵꡣ 

Сһ·񱼣ۿ쵽꣬ȴϿ񱼰ѵʲô£æ׷ȥ 

֮׷Լ 

ͷһȴķ磬ҿդˣβ浽ȴʧټķ磬ĴңɫǾ 

ķ֪ԼȥɽѰդĴ鿴һ·Ѱȥ



ʮ 

       ܹܸ̫Ϲдš١֡ͼź糱ˮһһӿš 

ΪǵյʤشŶڶк͡ͻȻּĵ 

յʤæŹۿǲԾһյأװСŪ򷭹ԾССڿвͣ÷ԾŸָѶԹ֮ȺáȺԾͷʨʨڳкɦͷŪֿɰ飬ôҺôЦ 

ͻȻڿһףͷʨʨͷתҪصһ˲䣬ͷʨȻתѣͬʱһСһ̣УڳзܶۼʨҪ֮ʱһףһСҲ֮ͷʨ׷òʡ 

һСԾվһС֮ϣ߾ʨԾȥǰվֱдţ綫ٱɽΧ߸Ǹߺϡ 

յʤԽ˸߲ңֽкáͷʨ߷ֿ߳ȴյʤĴյȫġ 

յʤӭȥЦʹˣ˾ʱݡյȫЦЦȫĶ⡣յʤŴ絽ȥˡ 

緽ȥкͣȴʱɨ֮⣬¶ҲԭεĽ߹ʵûû𣿡ҡҡͷ 

ʱųװİȺȺۣȴͩŮĶʱ۾һʷ˹ȥͩСֶɡ 

ͩλֶض񡣡 

ãЩӲˣԽˡ 

΢ЦȴֻɵЦ 

еյʤ˳һסֵͪһΪϲء 

ͩЦôĺӡ 

յʤԽƯˣҪӰ 

һ˾˾ͻȡЦˡյʤЦ˵Ц䣬ȥ 

յȫȥ濴ĸȥ 

ùȥ 

лͶˡ 

ҲæҲмղˣҲȥƨƨظȥˡ 

յʤЦСӡ 

˵ãյʤ֮ߣһ˫۾û뿪ԽԽ룺ѾͷԽˮ飬ҲᣬԸֱ飬ܺúԼֻǲ֪ļ֢εˡ뵽̧ͷ磬۽ǴȴҲճյؿУӴһĿҲ⣬ûǰ㻨ӣСϲǹ֪ģԸһȴ֪Ǻ뷨Ҹʱ̽һ 

϶ǰôˣֵܶȥк 

ĸһ˵ǣͳȥתڴ˺ĸģҳȥкȥˡ 

æȥǣҲкܶ໰;ĸ˵ 

ֿ˿תȥ 

ЦСֶЩûˣǰʰ 

ϵТģˣȥɣõ˿ˡ 

ĲԸصǡ˳ȥˡת֮͵͵ 

ϴ˳ȥֵôöҺ˾ˣɷˡ 

סϵֵⲻҲĸء 

ϰظ˸ôݣЩ꣬㸸׶ܣˡ 

ЦЦҲġ˺öõķ羰 

ϼ˹Խϲʵ˵ϵļ֢ҵҽηˣ 

˵ͷ 

һѹʯͷˣϵļ֢һȥҲ޺֮ˣʵ˵㼲֢֮ԶڴĮ㸸ŮȥһδĮͿ࣬βؽǴ뵽ϣ 

˾ܵģ˱ˡ 

룬һ˿ʹҲǣе˾ǰǮƿ뵱꣬˲ˣҲڡ 

ĸ˵˭ 

æһɨеʹûʲôֻһЩ¡Ǵ˵ʱȫ 

δ˵ҲҶʣǸ˻ 

һԽϲѵСС꼶˶¡ְףٵȫҪүõײ١ 

ʣǴôһˣȴ룬һɹŴͣϡ档 

δشѾͷ˵ŮѰںã˺Сȥ 

ϱȥò͡ 



ʮ ֮ͩ

       պ󡣡ҹ 

յʤںԺƣͷͩڴ߹кҺ 

ͩߵԺУʵ˵ҪȥĮ 

յʤеľƱǡ 

ͩɷҴЩزһֵܡ 

յʤ˵ʲôҪģֻܷԸˡ˵նƱһ 

ͩյʤµӣʵչ磬ΪξͶƾƣ 

յʤΪͩҲһƣֽԼľƱֻһЩ¡ 

ͩ˲ĵľ£βſȥ룿 

յʤмڷ⣬㲻һ˵֪Ļ˶ûС 

ͩҼǵǰи൱Ҫõ֪ʱ㻹Һһ˵һѵõĺù١ 

յʤͻȻоƵĽ½֮ϡͩ֡ 

յʤ̾˿ʮǰҴıõųնˡ˵꾹 

ͩľҲ֪ͥΣյʤƱȾơ 

յʤоһںȸɵʱյŸ֪ͨҪ룬ʱ̫ȴûߵ 

ͩͻȻԺơʵ˵Ŀңˣ 

յõʤĵͷ͸ʹࡣ 

ͩȻ˲ʹ죬βԶ볯ͥ 

յʤҺ룬ǴοϷŹң 

ͩؾ׹⣬ҲӦòΪѣ 

յʤҲ˰ 

ͩò׵õһҵοϷŹװĮĵʵǸةˣ 

յʤһһֻһӡ 

ͩľѵǵϣ 

յʤةλϵģ 

ͩԽľ˻ɱҵĲǻϣ 

յʤճɫĹ˵Щ 

ͩʵ˭ͣةʹôȨٱ 

յʤ˵ã˵ˣҺʹҪԴġ 

ͩʵΪɱң 

յʤģҲֻ֪Ϊһ˵ֶһֵ֡ܣЩܶ˵˵Ȼ֪֪ˣǧǧ򲻿ɶ˵𣬿ǡԴ¡¡յʤ˵Ѿʼ͡ 

ͩʣյʤѴϻϣ²֪ 

ֻͩط 

ͩѰ˼Ͷˣұؾڶ֣֮ԺԵֻ¶ˡ˵ĺ֮˿ةΪңشͷȴǻϣǸΪأΪһ󶯸ɸ꣬ҶٶˣΪʮҪ֮Ѱ֮ΪҺβȥ̽һȻֵة࣬ɴةฮѰ˿ԺɽҲ·˽ҵԹҲиޡ 

պͩݣյʤ֮ͥĮǩ֮¡ 

˵յʤĮľԺ󣬱˸¥ȥ֮ͩȻ֢֮ˣΪһˣβȥݷһɫ磬㰴ͩ˵ַɽ϶ȥ 

Ȼȥδʱ¥ķɽȥˣδܼšӢ֮ͩˣ飬ý赹ˮʦͽȥԶСƬ̣ҽȥ˻˵˳ȥк棬ɽѰ¥ʦͽˡ 

ӢȥյʤƷ̲裬ֻŨ쳣ƽȣֱзζʱһ紵ƫŴॵһ죬漴ײһŷ졣 

յʤ̧ͷ䣬ƫλĵ˶˵ȴôˡº棬ߵű߹ۿһֻ亹ֱð֮λԼˡյʤﻹסһ氵Ѱ˼¥Ǻεȹϵһ˲ͷ亹⼱ߡ϶˸ĻӢʵ֪֮ΪˣӢŷŵǷҵĽ硣 

յʤһԽľӢɫ԰ףʵʲôʣΪɫ֮ 

յʤͻȻСЩʹҲˣһ 

Ӣſڡ 

յʤһ·Сܻصסһž겻ġ˺ؽ꣬δ¥ֻ¾ͷһ·ص꣬һֱŵĲŷŻԭλ 

صУһţȴͩд˵δϵؽȥĮ¥˵ѽ¥֮ͽķ硣յʤап࣬һΪͩģһ浣ȥĮԺ¥֮գֻԼʹ綼֮ǡ 

ת۰¹ȥˣͩʧةฮ֮£յʤ㽹ǣǧȻϢʵΪʧһ֪ѣбʹ֡뵽֮ͩ£ԽӿաϼüչԭкѣõҲΪи֮ǽУѳõܵѶЩӣӴӳˣ飬ԼҲԸȥĮǰȢ˹ҲԵסˡյʤһϲæȥݽֻ˵֮ͩУ䵽оס 

֪һ˽ãԼ͸·յʤǰꡣյʤͩ·ͷǸТ˳ĹԺӡȴ룬˺õŮȢúôҲܶԵȪµ÷򸾡 

յʤʪʣ˾ˣ֪˺£Ϊ֮ɫ 

յʤһæ˼Сûȴ룬Сûû˵ǿĺӡ 

Ҳһᣬȴοյʤ˵ϣһ뿴˾ġ 

յʤ͵͵ȥˮǿЦģġ˰ɣ 

ָָõİ˵ˡ 

Ǿ߰ɡյʤﶨһúô԰ᣬԸװȥ 



ʮ 

       ռסºյʤ򸾶ٰ۰Ƕ˳ֻûժϵǸ 

ĴӴҲյţ⣬ΪԼӵģ֪յȫӵȨ֮ģѰԼȨƵŻףҲֻһʱĶŮ鳤عڵģֻףջһ飬ȴҲ鷳ܿģҪҡİգȴҲ޼ƿʩ 

յʤĴмԽŮТ˳磬ȴ㡣ֻҪģҲ͸ſģֻһԼһ顣 

ļٳٲ֣Щһ˻üѰΪֵģ֪˹֮񣬾Щ죬תȥˡֻ˳в죬ȴӵة֮ܽصĴţ㵽͵ܽؼ䲻ƽհ£ٰѶ£ķٰ㲻֮˵ 

ܽЩζȴ¶ɫʵ֮ͩŮ 

ĵǡûϵฮе˾Ȼ֪ˡ 

ܽصôҲǽˣͩŮѰҽ֮£¹֪֮£СŮ֪ܲ 

ĵܽؽȻŮʲô¶֪֪޿з³ɣҶúл㡣 

ܽ۾һתһƣЦкѣ³ɣֻúҼαˡ 

һϲæܽؽɣة࣬СܰͲóءȴ֪֮ 

ܽšһѣСǻ˸ˡѾͷк𣿡 

ĲСм֢˵ҵҽη 

ܽһôҽΣ⺮Ҫ֮Сϰҽʥķӡ֮˴ӣǧǧвһֵСķӡ֮˵ͩǰѰҽʥҽʥҲ޷ʩ 

᲻ҽʥͽܣ 

ܽЦҵɵܵܣҽʥȷһͽǴ֮ҽʥҲ޼ƿʩˡ 

ĵǲ޽ˣ 

ܽص˵ͷ 

Ĳˣкιϵ 

ܽбһ۵֪ģ⺮һԲ֮ʱʹͣһʤһ꣬ʱͬɴʹࡣ 

һϲлָ㡣˵գܽزӣһ¡ 

ܽؽһᡣﲨ 

ʱ֣ͣ˸⣬§ڻΣܽϲͣϺﻹѳֵסٳȥѣܽطתڴϣһ꣬ޡ 

ۼٹ±δаǣ˸Į֮꣬ײܵѶѵʲô⣿ 

ѰѶʣյʤֻ˵㸸ײδ˵ƺδֻȥ£һأҪڸаľסع 

׶Լһȥ»ǵһΣ˾Ҳ֪ȥΪ֮̽£ȫѶʵǣ׵书ڵ񽭺ж֣Σգò⡣뵽ˣһԷſ˼ĵȴ 

ſ˸׵ĵǣķӰԺ両δ֪Σ˼֮һʤһգϵ£һʱĵεΣ˼֮龹ѹơ 

ת¹ȥˣδ֮齫ľýģȻյʤʲȻһʱŸףһʱŴĮеķ磬ǣ־壬˼һҲ޷ƣȡߵԺУ¹ⵯꡯ 

һˣԳԼ˼֮У֮Ȼѣ͵͵ȥˮվ𣬼Ϻĺĸ׳æ 

ͣ»Ƶűùø洫ټ£һŹȻ鴫ĸף˵˵ĶԲԣ 

ЦŵͷȻ丸Ůúð 

æĸͱˣ֮ 

æòعǫô˼һ 

ʱعʵ֪Ǻ 

ķȡꡯȴֻǺҵˣλĸͱЦˡ 

ǰסֵվˣҵȾȥ˼ҹԲ֮ҹһͬǰĸҪǰȥСסȥʰһ£ĸһͬȹȥɡ 

ӦǡϵĸԵƬ̣ȥʰ 

ϵͷҲϣ˵йͣÿһ¡ 

ӦǡطʰƬ̣ʰ׵ϳôţѱӡȳǰ涥Ӻ󣬷ϺСΡ 

ϼϣ̵ظǰкԼǰִȥҲԸױãǳ¶ˡ 

æá 

ϼ˵ŷӣ̶ȥ 



ʮ Σ

       һлصУȥյȫյȫҲΪϲҪطϢصУȴϾʹ뿪ֻϸϸֻǣòèץһȴҺΣֻǿ԰࣬룺ձ֮ҹѵУϺû᲻ɣ뵽ˣе⡣ 

ȥһֱۿҲô뿪ֻõü׹ۣܿĵ۹⡣ 

ʵϵļ֢κûУ 

δȫ 

ʵɷѰӣ 

뵽Ҫķ֮շȫһ졣Ѱӡ 

Ĺղɫ֪⼲֢Ů֮£аϲ죬Խʻ㽿Σֻ޲뻳Уݺ˼ڿˮסǰЩӣҲѰһӣɰýȥʹ֪ⷨΪҲ˵Ը⣬ֻܷԸΪ֡˵գֱۿ 

뵽ĶĻˮֻ֪δƭҲΪãллˣҪģæ 

пϲȥˣҲһˣȥϢɡļ˵գߵſͿͣҲˣֻøǳÿͷվܷɳҵġ 

ȥ˿Ϸţóķ壬ڵǰḧ÷ϨϴϢ 

ڶգмͣѾߴæµͣҲδ˵ĵĹֵ͡徲ڣںԺߵһСߣˮ峺ףɫˮȥ塣ùԱʯϵʳˣ 

ӻԾǺÿȤһ𣺡ι̧ͷԶվһѻӣ˳õǲ󣬵֮ļҸ߹ӵܣƽ˵ġ 

ܿ˿ˣʵӿǽң 

Ӽ̧ͷȴǸŮӣƬƬ仨ɢϣˣˣʻ˻ش 

ֱÿԼ죬뿪СѾС÷˼ΪϵС㣬ˣСݰɡС÷ȥˡ 

ӼȥճյؿʧķʱĴԶչӣԭة˺ҸײҵѰءߣȥȾȥһء 

ӲŻعԭӱǽտ˴游𰵵Ρյȫ룬ةͬ¸硣ϯ䱻һãС⣬Ժоɫ⿴ȴ·ɼһŮι㣬ΪռѾߣлԼص֪һ֮£ˣֱкѹȥȴѰ˼ţռҾ˾ŮӣԭΪһѾߣֻյȫҪҲҲƫƫǸС㣬ֻ²Ҫˡ 

ļ겻ᣬʵչӣк£ 

տæ˼˸ûʲô 

˵ѵҲٶԣڼơ 



ʮ Ѷ

       յȫŴƣѾߵ롣յȫöԳ˵ƣΪλҽ 

ϵݹһΪ˹֮¡ 

յȫӹһʣŶ֪£ 

ϵټ丸ףֻ޵ڶβΪһЩأ 

յȫ²豭Ǻãֻϡ 

ɵҲҲ 

յȫ֪ͩԿΪΪ׼ǰһ䣬ݣ㽫ǰС̵ֻҲ֮ԡοȫƾоǿֻ࣬Ҳѳ 

ҵһȥԺе֣촢ԺҲݣҪٵһҲֵܾù˸ˣԺҲ 

յȫ˵ʹãշ˷ˡ 

󣬳ϹȥҹɫˣѷԸںԺаС̣Ҳȥһ֡㵯ôһСΣĿҹɫٵ 

صɾĸ佱ĸϲĻԵΪĸϼ 

صȥɡ 

æбβ֮ԺԺСͤѰȣ㣬Сͤյù磬ѾҡŴó档ȳº󣬷ٷȱ㱸µĳ֮ϣԼڼǰ֮ϣָָ֮ 

ʱյȫ𰵸ںԺйҹɫ𰵶յȫ԰Ӵðʯֻ²ǻʹԺѷɫ 

յȫϵү˵ЦˣССԺӣαȵùʹ 

Ц˵Ц䣬ͻȻҹɫһĨϸ֮µоˣټֻڵҲһ²ʥ 

յȫһЦԭүҲͨɣҲ֪ʥˡ 

ʥǸ˲õˣĴ棬мһΪһŮӸ٣ǰҪΪһ֪ŮʧˣҺź˵ɡ 

յȫ룺֮ʱˡ뵽ãҲЩ˸С 

ʵ֪⸧֮Ϊˣ 

յȫæªֶŮɵŮ 

һϲߣȥȥ 

յȫæǰСͤԶһŮͷ٣ϼȹæҲæų 

ޣһŮӣԼһļȴδ˼ˡտһǰŮӣԽףпϲ 

ղªҲϲɣ֪ɷһ 

˵ÿܾյȫԼͷЦˣСŮӾһָһ 

ЦЦ˵롣˵ʯǰ£˷ξ 

ãȥµտĸǿӸ꣬кõܹܣҽյĴ˼Ҳˡյȫͳϼˣаϲ˼ة࣬үЦˡ 

ү֣붨ٳˣǡϴ֪֮һЩˣǿȲãҲǿ׼Ӱòʧ̬һտæջ۹⣬üĿ 

صУߣȡµ֣Ծ𣬰ᣬӦĮķžۣ֮⣬ԺӲһͬסڸ䲻Լȴ֪Ǻãܾ˵Щ縸δϢҪȥʸס˼ҷ֮䣬ţæĨȥᣬȥ򿪷šĻվſڣȻãҹˣΪεˣ 

ĺٺһЦûû˯ǹҹߣ㡣 

ᱡ²죬ҪϢˣذɡ 

Ĵ˸õβֻҪңϾͲʹˡ 

Խľɫء˵վš 

Ľžߣסŵ㸸ѾˣԹԺúչġ 

һ⻰羦ץסʵղ˵ʲôҵôˣ 

İҲ˵ˣͩģԹ˳ҡ㸸״˲ȥĵطˡ 

ץס·˻ߵصƭҡܵģҸ书ǿġ 

һƲƭʲô½˽֪ΨǶ˵Ҫ㣬ҲŲ֪㡣 



ʮ ǰݱ

       ֻεת֮ȫţԾ֫ľطſץסĵ·ȥҶʸ̻Ȼȥ߳ſڣһˤȥæһѽסᱧȥ㱣ıž֪ 

ļδе⣬ڴϣʱɫ԰ֽɡϾӿﻹܵô࣬ȥѡһѬһ壬ڽԼѣæе磬ʲô 

ĵޣףȢ㡣 

߽ӣƿģĴʱﻹǣȥ˺һʱľûٰ֣ܵ㲻ͷץ½һ˺ʱ¶۵ѩ׼ԽԺòԼ㣬ӲӲصס֮ŵûʧɫǷ˷һŤѾǰۿֻɫףסĵүѣС㰡 

вͣһѽѾƷڵأȵ߿ 

Ѿ߲æȥˡ 

յȫͳϴæϵУĽѹڴϣƴֿյȫ嵽ߣһģһƴס֡ 

ļյȫͳվڴǰʱѣȥæץѣǡ 

յȫ뿪䡣 

ߵߣȰίˣȶ˼ԣǱ⣬㲻Ҫ롣 

ֻǿ𻰡ϼٰȰ˵ҲãֻҪѾߺúչ˳ѰյȫĶҲһˣŴԡҲ̫ 

յȫ㻵Ҵ£ĺöӡ 

ϵҲΪ壬˸ĶΪ檣кδ¿ɻ 

յȫ۳ϵ֮ʮʶةҲҪҴź£ܼ޵ҵԺǺεộˣǳԲˣߡ 

һ˰Ѻһ벻 

յȫ۾һɵ㻹ȥţȰȰ 

ϵȰˣҵġƽʱϣȥϹ 

յȫǻȥ 

ææҵķԸȥϣֻ˵ĳЩԣС˵ίҪȰ⡣аŭ˵ȥϣʹޡʹƽ֮ʱʣ۸𣿡 

ҡҡͷ԰ٰȰο뵽֮ʸףӲҪȥҲԸڴ˵أյȫ򸾴Сյȫ޹⣬Ҳ 

ٰ׷£յʤòͩʧ֮¸С븸Ϊһֻεذյʤκιϸֵ㸸׵йȥĮѰһ¥Լͽܣȥ˴Įر˵뿪Įʧȥϵ 

׵ȥʹѣּյʤ˵ķʧȥټǾԽʹֻǰһڣȥ 

յʤ󾪣æУһæңιȴˮײֻǿһҲͲˡ˺ֻһȻϿҲѰᣬתۼ¹ȥˣǱδȥת 

صҲ֪˶ãˣ˼άָķ粢֪Ƕÿһ뿪Ҳ᲻Һ͵һǰֽ˾˵Σ飬϶˵ȻˣҺβԼȥ̽أҵҵķ硣ѲˣҺĻлֻһˣңԺĶҸȥĶˡΪ˱и̣ҲȥҲһ˰ˡ 

Ȼ⣬ƽ̬֪ҪȥĮ·;ңԶУǲϴ棬ҲϺú÷ˡ 

ʮպԼָĲˣͽԼ˸Сٽ׵ѰԼĳС͵͵ڰС 

룺ҾҪˣҲȥͲĸ𡣡ڶҶ˯֮󣬱ЩֽǮĴӺֱҸȥ 

ӵص޷ǰͷĸǣҪȥķˣһҪҵЩֽǮǰһٺڷǰף˼Ϊķ߹ĸϲӡһˣ޷ؿͷԴӵصȥ 



ʮ 

       ҹڶƮ 

ӵصгеСսŴʱ·ҸͣȴʲôҲˣ̾˿뵽ֻþˡضȥںطС 

һҹ˵ʲôҲܰ˯ۼ߷׹˯⣬Ȼַ·ԶϤڴϸȴˡҲķںˡ 

յʤ˵ȥɢɢģյʤˣΪ뿪ˣ´ϲԸӴ˼ҶѾȥ㡣 

δߣҰҰľ趯ƵҲΪ֮һ档 

Ӹǻϲ֣һ·ϰٰڣʱشһȥ֮·˸š 

㣬ùիӺںԺСЪ֧ѾͷװдõϣŷҹˣæŴӺȥˡ 

ν²飬ȴ˵դ˦ķ棬е⣬ǻŮѰÿں̲ס࿴˼ۣ룺ÿεһС߹ʱȴŵһɵŮ㡣 

դϲĵԭһòСæβ֮󣬽еӡ 

ˣʵӿǽң 

դҲ˽ΣԽ͡ȴ治ɫĵǣǰǺȥ 

Ҫش𣬺Ȼŵ֮ǰһڱ㲻֪ˡդæ§סٺһЦڻɱȥ 

˵СЪƬκ󣬿ɫѲ磬Ҳظˡ㵽֮̽ǷյſȴѾͷ˷ŻŻŵһֲ֮Уʵ˻ţ 

ѾͷŵϵС㣬С㲻ˡ 

һ󾪣æһаĴѰңĻӰԽļ٣ҪҶѾͷظѰңԼڴ˵Ĵ̽Ѱá 

˵դԼһյ蹦򣬾ᶯһ£֪ҩæһָ¡ 

ʱͷʹ̣ͷȴһָͷҲ޷̵޷۾˺һӦǿ⣬۾ȴԼǸ·ڻзɱ˼ЦЦȴ˿ 

ԭÿЦȴ͸һ˵аµأȴﶯˡҪԼ£ŷһҲ˵ֻһԻĿˡ 

դԴԺ̬Ľ޹΢΢۾峺ˣĻ꣬ۺС΢ţһ׷粻֮ϣֻѰѳֲסǸǼӿ첽ס 

դһͨСũׯǰֱͣӴӴԾ룬ֻ沼ȴΪš 

դֱ䣬һŹɫĴ֮ϡԼȴڴ£ȡ³̵ͷֻƺڷٲ㻬ĵһСġѩ׵ķ۾ûѩ׵֮ڣԲز΢Сֻһաѩ׵Ĵڴߡ 

դļ˾ɫḧһƵķֻϸ󻬣ֱϲϷ졣⿪¿̵ֻۣĨذŻԲزĨԽĵѩǣѩ֡դָɨ΢΢͹ﻹѳֵסȻ۽ɨһɴ֮ľ޴ԡͰһǿ˶ĪȥЩʻҹԡԧ졣 

ˣ㱳ȥ֪Լ֣֮ȴ޷ҲвֻŭŻդ 

դȴԺԵ˶ǷҲ˶ˡ˵һѣȥ 

դ߳ȴ˻Խ־ּ 

դڴǰСͣױ̨ǰһ̨֧תתԱǽ¶򿪡դڣȴǵ˼ʯڣڳмһ̵úĴ⣬󴲱߷ˮƵСݶһżСҹ飬ǽϻʮСҹ飬ɵĹ⣬ʯյ쳣ֵǣղӵǽϹŲɴᣡʱɴ߷ֿǽȴ֪úβˮ͸估ÿһɸղȴʯҡ 

դǴϣףֻ˱ǣۺúõĻζһСһɣԹԵң˲˷֣ȫý 

դ䣬ʯٴιϣӲǲ˿϶ 

ʯּ£ȴ޼ƿʩͻȻѪӿ˹ȥ 



ʮ ϻդ

       դһõ˳ߣӶǾݣżǷ޸еʻſԺ˶ԡͰε̵꣬ġ 

ϣвƣеϦСũׯǰҪ룬һεε𣺡ѿˣҲ޿ջɷö˽סһޣ 

դһʱȷ߻ǣĸһͷֻùװƣֲҿ¶ݡſȥֻϣϵһʱ̣ڣ跨ң˾ҲѰԼ 

Ƕ˲˵Ҳ֪ķˣʻ档 

˲ּ΢΢ʵкβĵطöܷæƬ̣ԲػѵӲɣȻǰǷҪæǰ 

դԼԽľҲøҲסۿѵűߣĻ˵װõһףǰҪŶ롣 

㿪õ壬ͻȻɡԾǰһ˾Ȼǻդŭ㣿һդȥ 

դæܿǽˣȥˣҲ㲻ءΨԾǽȶٷ 

ոҪԾǽͷһ֧ͷդͷƤ飬ֱ׹׷ǿǵͷһۿҪˤʺæһԾԺм䡣ֻķƮƮվǽͷٿŭ棬апٰ࣬˼֮ơ 

դӲвͨģֻʱѰ 

դǿѳЦݵλɰ 

һǰǿԵ㵽Ķײǣǲǰ⽫ǲǰֵ 

դϵļŽЦ󣬵ش󣬹Ȼܲġ 

ˣ̲סЦЦ㲻øˣƤӣϴȻʹĵֶˣλĶܣ 

դϴʹթ֮£˸ǰһʱͿԹð֮Ѿְ֪ûڣдС˼ƽϣԭ¡ɫλСȱ裬ԼϢ 

׻˵ĺãֲЦˣҲþʹ˷һȴŻդ뿪 

դķǽͷޱ飬Ҳǣֻǰϵ޹һ㣬ԽդԽľʵڲ²͸Ǻ˼ 

Σդ֮⣬Щӣ˵㺦˲ŮӣֻҪĹ£ȥףҲͲΪ㡣 

դԣһԴϴλĻ䣬ʵǰֵַĹӡĻк֮ģ˵ΣΪʱҼȻаѵͲܷһ·𣿡 

ȥţǷһ·𣿡 

դǻȥǷСһ·ǿ·һмٸİСȻЩȴǮ֮ˡûӴ·һ𣿡 

˴˻Ҳôֲұ֤Ժ治ΪһʱԾ 

դͷ˼ķƺҲûעǣ͵ǰʹ浱ȥһæرܡ 

դһȴУ¶һ˿թ֮ɫȥϲ֪ʱķȴǰդһӣһɵİɢ 

ķһӣǰ̾ڣդѨդֻһʹŻһʹڵϡһѪֱ 

ջդٴʹթὣԾ׼դؿھҪ¡ 

ķȵס֡г 

ŭѵ 

ķѷ书Ԫ𣬱ȳв磬ԺΪ񡣡תͷԻդѷѨҩָˣģҲѾ㡣óһҩ裬ָᵯҩڻդС 

յöţԻդȵ 

դֺŭȴ޿κΣȻ޷һ˿٣ٿ棬ı⣬һԼҩǶȥ 

դǱŭΪУЦĵķ磬ǽסһϰɣ˵Ҳķش𣬾нݡ 

ķ絣ĻդסлأݺϸĲ鿴δкβ֮ 

ڲõǸɾţּݾȻһԡͰͰľȪˮɹ룬иǴϲ 

ĵǻܡ 

ʱøмȥѰˡ 



ʮһ 

       ˵һʱʹȥûþĽ䲻ܶ۾ȴĴۿѰſҵĻأϣǰܽ⿪Ѩ 

ڴʱһʶŮѿˣҲ޿ջɷöСסһޣѰ˼˭ͻȻԺʱֳһкβĵطöܷæŮӵ档 

뻨դĶԻһϲ֪ǻդ˶ͷԼоˡǾ۾Ķ 

դųƲΪŮƺ֮ʱļ٣޷к޼ƿʩ֮ʱִһ֮դ˵ƺ֮аܸ 

ڴʱֻһȣס֡Դʱ̵һԺﲻ֪صٱ顣Ůӵһķ硣ֻתҲ޷Լĸ飬ε˳۽ 

ֻ֨ѽһһǷŮŶ룬ȴ档ſڣȴķȻҪڴ˴򳾣ֻҪѨ⿪Ҳû֮ʱ뵽ˣſ˼ĵȴѨԽ⡣ȻǻդĵѨַȴʮֹ죬Ҳ˿ 

Ҳ֪˶ã浽˷ţȥ¶͹ȵһѩף˶̲סĶݡ 

ľԡͰľȪˮ֮ܽϣ˵ݡ 

һ˳ԡͼƫƫвʶҪŴֻһֻľͰ֮ϡŪǹ潣˵ؾŮԣһʱŵûʧɫСһԡͰһץ˼·ϡ 

˵ʱ죬һײţ˽һˣһץס·һץסһĻţ룬롣 

һüͷһ壬ԻѰߡ 

еһˣûٴλȥԼ˼ҹķ硣ǰָ߳࣬Ӹ޳ͦΣҲ࣬ĮȴԽӿݣǰϢȴж 

ץסķ磬ץס˸ݰ㣬ӽķֱϣ˵עŵѰϣ˭ҲûһľûҵǸߡķعͷûˡ 

δ˵꣬ȴ·ɵĻ֮£ѩ׵ļͷֱ֮ϡæͷ۹⿴Լ¹ڲϵһ죬æſķ硣 

ķ粦Ⱦߡ 

ͻȻȥסķ˫ȣҪߡһһҲû취ץסѣֻǳ 

ķһ㶣ͷȴıߺͼѹԼϵķءһ˫ѩ۽æͷŤĴҶ¸ĽӴѩ׵ 

͵ţҪߡ 

ķĵҪˣϢˣ컹Ҫ· 

ͷʱϾͻᷢΣεȥεˢŵѪˮһˣָֻܹܵ㣬ڻص˽ָ꣬оԽԣҺ£Ҫߡ˵䣬ɫ࣬ 

ķ⻰ȫһ䲻ϵı˪ܻһЩ 

еˣʹȻԼķŻԼ֪ķС÷Ҳ֪ķ磬Ǽˣ˺Ѱʹ 

֪Լĳֶ˵ǲӦõģԼڲһеʱѾ֪ķ棬ԼҲķ߳ˡķԼȥΨһϣԼߣ绯̣š 

ٿȥ۾ֹסĴ۽£ʪ˶ߵͷ 

˰Σֻķ̾˿̲סٴ۾ķع滬ĳΪڸǺ¶ḧһͷһϰҸˣ֪ʱͺʬͷ֮ˡҪ˼룬úϢɡ˵ȥˡԵ 

һֻķڴϣϵ쳣һ𡣲иӳҲԸµӰԽƮԽԶԸȥ޷׷ĽŲǼǰסꡱ 

Ҳٿ·ߵķߵû𣿡 

ķͣ´Կش 

Ƶʵû飬ֻ 

ķֻ뱨𣬱һŲ롣 

涢ķֵƭˣԴϴߺ;֧ӡ֮ǰûġ 

ķתߡ 

ŶӰеǴӳһΪʲôûңȴװǵСѾͷ 

ķһ㣬ޱ 

ˣԽ֪Ķ˽Ͱҹзɱȥ 

ķ̾˿淽׷ȥ 



ʮ 

       ȥ֣޼ƿʩ֮ʱһԼʮİ׾ڴУС·˵أͷܽסһޣɷ񣿡 

Ż󿪣͸ȴӦ𡣱ʵʣ𣿡Ȼ飬˻ӦϸһƬҲڡҽȥȴ˻ͱǡ 

ãϣȼȴ֪ϻӺʱ䡣ȥ𣬸òʧ˹Ȼڼ䣬ȡϺ̨֪ʮֳأһ֮£ȴδ 

˿ա鿴̨ȴΪһ壬Ҳ֮úΡ˫ס̨ת޷ӦתȴܰᶯתתԱǽͻȻ俪˵ʯš 

һ㶣ʯţʲôȴ޶̨תŷɿعϣתٿԭ̨ʯſء 

ũҾ˾أȻѰ˼ҡҲζϾ֧ʡСļʯţű 

һܷʯңʯĴһλŮ֮⣬޴ɲˡ࿴Ťͷʵ˭ 

ŮȴػعͷϸһŮۣһ˫۳ǱѨö˽ʣڴߣһ㣬⿪ѨתͷʵΪαڴˣ 

ѨѾãֻֽľһʱﶯˣ뼰Լ֣֮ίһʱҲ֪οڣֻǵ 

˵СЩҽ֮Ѫֻҹ֡˵գϣ߶澫ѪͶмĿ⣬һæͷһߣĵ¾˾Ůӡ 

ڴʱʯſڳһ˫ûͷû£кȵøݵ÷æ̧ܿһӡ 

ԭӴ˼Ҷ󣬽ǰɽСģˮľ˸飬˵δУѰſڵӭɮҲ˵δȥ 

ϸϸ˼;ʣȻںһ·Ѱ֪ߵҲδ׷ϡĵһŮӣд˽ѵ׷ͷ۹ǰ󣬰п࣬ǰŴ壬ŵģԽӲ֪δѰҡԶũׯ͸ֱһסҴһ£й·Ҳɽסһ 

գȴӦţȴ룺ǲҽлҵǰѶʡߴſڣлȴŮӵһÿַѲϣΪΪ٣зҲ룬 

ãֽܶæѡʹã֪ᣬֻһζԾرܣɱУ飬һʱҲ鲻ʱΪԼס 

˴򷨣æе֣ͣλӾҡ漴뵽ԼѲʧǣһ졣 

ԣæչվһߣϺһ󣬰һ󣬼ʵôһ£ 

դα٣ξ˵һ飬ڻդᱡ֮ٺķ֮ȴȥ˵ 

ŭıϣҶ䲻ú 

֪դѰȥˣѵõӦеĳͷҲع׷ˣתл֮ 

ӷڣæȭղŶе̨̨֡Сãָм 

æ֪СҲֻǾ֮͡ 

ֵҽӣסھͽУõҵĵطɿڡ̨մ 

ԹֱЩϲСɷɡ 

֣һӺͷһʱµôٴΰлֿһʹӿϵҽʥǰ 

үүΪһʣ 

СŮ磬һʱȴδϳʧˡ 

꽫һǸǰҽ 

ǵԼϲСŮӡ 

ϲ뵱СŮɴˣɺã 

ᵽףɫһû 

״Цʵһֱδɽ֪£ѵʲô£ 

ͷҸȥ 

갵ȥģһ뻯һţ 

ֻ˵ʧһն֮ȴ֪ģʬǶûҵ 

̾һ˾ţҲعѹԺδ㣿 

ˣҲȺԺסҼУȫ˶úչġ֪δȥҼСסЩӣ 

ưţҲΪĵҷүү֮Ҫ£Ժšͷֶڽ극аз䣬ʱʱǶţѰңֻǶ»ɡ 

ͷʵүӿɺã 

ʦ£ټϺˣ 

Щơ 

ɷҰһ 

ͷ֡ѣָ֮ϣ⣬ȴƽȣ䡣ۿ磬ȴƴ֮ˣӡ֮ǲʶģͷ˼˰Σδ֪аʵ⺮οƵģ 

¥ͽΪʩӡ 

Ѱʦˣ 

ͷҺ͸ǰڴĮ塣 

ϲڿɺã 

ڴĮףõҲ̫ƽ 

ͷҲ˵ʦһͽѵǴ֮ɣ 

⣬СŮӾͲˣҸδ˵𡣡 

갵Ů֮£ͩҲŮݡҲͲ˵ơ 

˵Щʶ֮ˣĺѱƣлϲȥСסǶȥ 

ѰҲףȻķ絽˽긽ȥݼԼҲѰԼ壬ԻԼѰ͵͵ٿۣ游׶ȥǡ⣬ԹոٴѣСġ̾ 

صոյʤϼȻ˿ϸӣɵˣ㸸ˣԭ㣬ҲġһߣǼɷҺ˾ˡ㸸ûˣļҰ 

ϵ£þ˾˺;ĸˣԺˡ 

յʤͩȻĬĬ뿪ˡ 

ϰĨȥˮԣˣûԷɣȳԵ㶫 

ΪԼģɵصͷ 



ʮ 

       ˵ӻդߣķ絣ʧ׷ȥСլ򣬱㲻ظ 

汾һʱ֮ķһֱ֪ԼҲһ롣뵽ղĻϷôҲŲӣֱصСլԼС 

ͳϵһȾ˻ɫƣѶ۹⿴ķ硣ķֻǵһЦȥԲӶ̸е֪̾ʮڷܹɣ𣬶̶գ˲⣬ֺãҲ͵ϣŵĿԽԽ࣬ȥԺһСû⣬ʣࡣķͳϵһպٵǣҲʮο 

ķѰ˼ٱҵĽգľ˸Ҳգ᲻һˣ뵽˴ķһϣֻԼ˼롣漴룺ʱյǸֻһܣһˡȻǲǣ֮˶ѰǷյĹ 

յĹкü֪ʵһ 

ķԣһҲ֪һ˵һܣ 

˵Ķܽյʤ˵յʤүǰѡϰһ磬յȫ 

ķȻ뵽ˣӻȡһСֽ壬ϵʼǺд 

ӹϸյʤıʼ̫ʲݣС˵꽫ֽظķ硣 

ķպֽаϲ֮ǰһֱģڹټңǰһ㡣ֽľ˸д˵ǸǰѣԼ֮µعڵġ¸꣬б䣬跨ȴ̽䡣 

ķҪ׷յʤסδ̾סͷ̼֪һ˿ⳡǷ֮С 

֪ʱѳ÷ˣ̾кλ˳ԷСзԣ绶ǰȺһһʢ˷ΨķʢķҲ⣬װ˷¡忴棬ֿķ磬˼ס극ѰķСô 

ķҲûܺá 

ֵСǸùҿóС֣ȴ֪Ǻ˼ 

ķ翴ŵϵϵһֱá 

֮飬ǲǸ໥֣ 

ķ簵̾壬ҳѪޣܸһŮӳŵ 

ҳȻҪ޺´󰡡 

ķҶûжŮ壬Զáü޸ܹĺ˼ҡ 

̾˿˻ʵ˵ȥѰϢ 

ķһֻ˵һյĹȥˣֻǲ֪ĸռҡпܾ˵յʤ 

ѵռʲôϵ 

ķ˵˸ 

Ȼ˵ǰ㸸׵ĺѣٸ˱仯Ѳ⣬¸֪꣬룬οֳȨƣȴǺˡҲɴ⣬¶ݣɱ֮ 

ķӦã֪յʤסδ 

ڳ 

ķ˵ܹܸȥ 

ߵӵ֮˱ܿĽк֮Ѱȥ˷׷رܡһһӹٱŸͷóĽֵ֮ϡ 

ķҲæȺܿǶӹٱмľԼһ˲䣬ȫһһԶҲǵȻ϶˲ƣͷҲˣҲˣһϳǵٱɱʱǸ١ 

ķæβ󣬰˶࣬ʩչṦܸϿñʧȥ˹ٱӰķϸԶȥķ˳ŷһլ֮ǰŽգֻų롣Ϸһңšܹܸ֡ǰĸٱأİ߳ϸϸʡ 

ʮǰһĻĻٴӿķԺķҧгݣսȭͷֱðķ޲̳ܹܸǳǧΡ 

Ѫӿ֮ԺͻȻǸ˾뿪ʱϵһһͷķ簵Ρʹȥϸϸһ顣ʱףֻǰһμϸϸ⸱˵಻ʵ֮˵ƺѾһ𱻿ںԺ֮УԺв޶ͯˣԼѪϵʱȴֱۣˣֻǽѷϵʦѵⶼɺϣ£ȥһ֪ˣΪβ˵ƣ׽ǣ 

ķһʱҲδףҹܹܸ¸꣬Բ̽ҿϷŹһ˿˿ 

ķ˻ص֮УйƬ̣עŻصСլ֮УĿϢΪϵж㾫 



ʮ ܹܸ

       ķ绻ҹ߳Էʷ壬¹ڵһƬҰף治жĺԾСԺܹܸСƹѲʿܹܸΧǽһƧϸ涯Ѳʿ߿ԾΧǽԺС 

ԼӴȴǰԺ԰԰໨ľʯ·Χɫ߶¹ɢŵ⣬ڵƻͨѾ߶һϢ 

ڶ෿ᣬüȴ֪ôӺβ 

ʿķ֮Ѳӹķæ󣬵ʿȥ뿪֮Ѿֻ²غΡ 

Ѿ߽һҺүѱСһˣҪүͷҪˡ 

һѾߵǰʵСҲ 

ţСûĸףڸˣҲѹ벻 

Һûүͷ˶ٰ㰮˵үͱС𣿡 

˵үͷǳ׵Ĵ㣬үͬ⣬ղүүΪ 

ΪʲôѵΪүǱߵү 

үһֱԱСģүһҪҸȨƵ˼С㣬Ͳ˸źãӦòΪү 

Ȼү޹أΪʲôͬ⣿ 

˵үةĸҵĻʵء 

˵ñС޵ȥ 

ţ˵޸ϣһӳԺõģĺãүôͲͬأ 

Ϊܺùģòϳ谮ǿɱ˸ 

ҲǣǱСôƯܵò谮ġ 

үҹǮˣ޸үһԲ꣬òꣿ 

ҲأүԱСһ˵үһ´үθҷү𣿡 

꣬˵ˣСıȥþƲ˰ɣһүʹүȼˡ 

Ѿ߽Զȥķһ˼ʣ˵үǸǴүȴ֪ˡҺβѾȥ˵үʹү˵ЩʲôӱĸѾ֮ 

û߳ʿѲķԾԱһɽ֮ʿƺӰɽȥ֦΢ڶ 

һʿûˣ񾫹ˡ 

һɽ˿ˣӰ 

ɹģ߰ɡ 

ǰˡ 

ķǰȥȴʧȥѾߵӰԶһŷݣѾǶȥˣ˾ƲˣȻڴԵȡ 

һϤת˼ߣ͸޵µķһֱķĵףβԼоѰȥɲԶһ԰֮󴫳̲סȥ 

ˣһԲţȴһ԰Сǰй͸ԾĴ֮ϣȥֻһС֮ͤеһյƣһŮӣרĸ٣·ҪԼиһ㡣 

ķ綨һͷںڳİɫӰ룺ŮӵٵַơټƸ߳٣Ȼࡣķ簵ԼҪڴ˾ȥһѾͤŮӵС㣬ȥء 

Ůӡšһ͹ȥ 

ķУҪֹͣһ㣬еͽܿԼ뷨ܣôڳ˼УӦյʤ𣿵Ӱ˲٣ǰСŮ֪Ǻģˡ 

ķ簴ĵӿڲľڻ£ŮǰȥתѵŮֻҪԾǰСͿԿŮӵĿƫƫʱСѾߡֻõѾ߹ȥ󷽿ԾÿŰŮԶ 

Ѿ߹ȥŮת֮Сķ缱æת֮󣬷ȥапࡣֻǰ治ԶһŷݣĴƻͨƵŮǰ򲻿ܣ۰Ͱ͵ÿŮӽһ֮ڡ 

˳ߵǽţϷҿƬȥĿǶǽϵһͼͼš̤ѩ޺ۡɷĴ֣ķֻǼ뻳ֽʼʮơ 

˼ŮӱһŮǣ׿ȥ˽䣬£龳ֻܿţҪ࿴棬Ҳǲܵˡ 

ķƬ׼ڼ䷽ԾȥҪƬȴԶǰ԰֮ͤһɫºһɫµˣһߺȾƣһ̸ʲôϸһԼ֮ǰ١ 

Ů֮ݷţٴηǰ԰ڲԶ֮С˾˵ֻͷȾƣһֻèڸٽű˯㡣Ǹɫƣƺ̸ò졣 



ʮ ǳ壿

       Ƶذһƺȸɵ֮£򲻿ɡҽӳģұ𡣡 

˳տû޹ȥտ̫ӣ̫ҲʮͣضչˡҲҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬һٻ֮£кβɣ 

ķʮֶ죬һʱȴ벻ĶʱҲ롣 

ü֮͢УթԲͶѰ˿ģ˵ļƣӦЩ͢ף 

˵ǻԻ졣ҵȲõġ 

ŭǵŮܲ𣿡 

˼ŭһΪã޹ȥҲûҵˣٻ 

Խߵ˭˵ûмңļҡΪãΪԼȨưɣûһ֮ΪԼȨƣֶŮҲˣڣڵһ죬˭Ҳ㣬Ѿף͵źϲưɡ 

˼˵ҲҲסصة˼Υةּ𣿡 

ķ仰Դ˵һըˡһŻֱǸ±Ӱɱ˵Ļһյóɻҽ˾ͷĽ 

һĵ׷ظķ磺Ҫ侲Ҫ࣬͵侲ķսȭͷǿѹĵĳޡ 

ͻȻվ֪ةѹңʮǰةѹң֮飬ɱҶڡΪʮǰǼ£ʹԼڡ 

ߡһҲǷ£ʱΣֲǲֻ֪ܹ᲻ʶֲûȰȴҳһ٣ִˣκΣ 

ķ˴˫ĿԲɣսʣὫһں˿ѹסĵķŭֽ˻ȥ 

ãǴȲѣΪֲѪ֮顣 

Ҳ粻Ѫ֮飬Һڴԣһ£һֱδ˵ɱ浳һ˵ɸ봫飬Ƿɸ봫֮Ϊɣ粻֮飬컹վ˵𣿡 

˵Ϊж˿ݣԭ֪ҷɸ֮¡Ȼ֪ˣҲ¶ϣҷŵĸӣֻϧδܾȵһ 

ķ簵ʦ˵˷ɸ봫˵Ҫ룬ԭô˵յʤһľͣڵؽˣǸú޻Ǹøм˵ǸղŮӡ 

ؾֻôһ׵ܵܣԼСŴģֱӳϣһʱ֪˵ʲôѹ͵㡣֪ᣬʱֻһˡ 

յʤˣ¿ס磬ҲٵˣӵеǮҲˣٲЩˮˡ 

˦ֵ㲻Ͻ˵⴬˵Ͼϣ¾µģ 

յʤ̾ǰٰΣ漴⴬䲻¾µģŵߣȥЩˮҲǲа˵˼ң˱ˡ 

֪ʲôͷҪҵǶڶ֪䣬Ͷǲ 

յʤǶǺô 

ķ˵Ѱ֮£Խ䣬©һ֡ 

֪Ǻôةͷһ£ҵȵĲ֮ġ 

յʤ˵˵ȥ֮£һ£Ҳͬ⡣ 

˷ӵةѾǲͬҲͬ⡣ 

ټ粻ΪŭЦҲԼһʹԼ֮УҪȥףȴҵʬϲȹȥ 

Ҳվȵ㷴𣿡 

ٽоƱһˤٱңҾͷˡ 

Ʊڵϡȡһը÷顣ֻèȻ򰵴ȥķǰè˾ţּǰһİˡʱ裬𱳣ءؽС 

ķ簵δü뿪֮Ķķ֮Ծ粻غͶӭ档 

ķ޴ɱܣ˲¶ΣΧǽԾȥ׽̿͵ŲӸӿƬ̼һƬӡԾΧǽķ簵п࣬Χǽ֮󾹲ܹܸ⣬ȴһ԰ֻٱе̿ͽ԰ˡ 



ʮ ط

       Ѹٴ԰ӿ֪ٹٱԾȥȴṦǿԾϷʱ¹յһƬףԼԾϷر䷢֣类ΣԺڽ꽫಻㣬˵Сլ˴ɱ֮ѰҶһ㡣߲ԶһȴţҲûƣڣὫϣȹٱѵʱ 

˼䣬⴫ϸؽŲŲſͣ£żűƶ 

ķ˴⣬޲ֻ֮ڡΣš֨һˣղǰŮ˽Ϸţ¹⣬ڰ޷ģ 

ŮߵǰŴߺľϣϵĵƣӻһḧŪã̾˿½֮Сĵط뻳УϨ򴲱ȥˡ 

ķδһֽ֧סһֽ֧Լ֮СŮӴڱ֮޷ı飬о˸Ө˫ֱԼڱвҲǺ°ɡ 

ķ㲻УҾͷ㡣 

Ůӹɵص˵ͷ 

ķ̽ŷſ֣ŮӹȻУȴҲ뿪ֱֱضò˼ͷŤһߣ´Ѱȥ 

ҪԾ´еķ硣 

ķȫѪҺֹͣһ㡣ͣʱ䣬һһŲ԰׶ϣȴǺˣ⼸˼͵ʱ޿̲ڡε˲ұճˣҵûϵȴڳ˸аٸнһƬҡ 

ûϵڴ˼ķ磬ǻ˼֮ȫˮйķ硣 

ķ뵽֮ͩع¿ԣ̲סḧȥ۽ǵˮ 

ﻹס˵ķ绳УӵؿصҸ滰ûˡ 

ķਰʹֻϣܼĵʹ֪ 

ʱѾڷʵС㣬ڿں˭˵ 

æ˿ֹסû˭˵ȥϢɡ 

ѾֵС㣬ˣ岻ãСֿ޻ӡ 

˲ˮûޣȥɣΪҵġ 

ѾӦȥ 

Լķ绳У˼뿪Ļ 

ķ¹⣬ϴԸߣѩһ㣬̣շ˿ˮʤ¥ղһʱδ뵽ѳɴˣڼòҶˡҲˮһ𣺡ԭҲҵġ֪˴˵֮أȴ˵ʲôҲþʹ뿪 

ʵϴ֮ҹδӡ֮ӿɻ𣿡 

ᡰšһ۹һֱû뿪ǳ˫ֻϣܶ࿴һһ·Ҫ⼸˼֮ȫһ㡣ͻȻķһգյıſڡ 

ʱŲ֮ǲٹٱڷ֮⡣ 

Ųڶ࣬ٿķһҹ£ʱףЩŲǳסůĴ֡ 

 

˶Ӧ𣿱硣 

˴̿ͣղżӵ԰ˣĴѹӰû°ɣ 

סŵû¡ 

죬ԽӲĵ㿪ţǿ 

Ѿ˯ˡ 

˵߽ķƵϣԼҲ£ȥ˿ɢߣñӸϣˡ 

ţϽʧԽżһƿţһȺٱ˽ 

ɨһ飬ʲô̿͡Լ֮УʱȻϽڴϣս˫װ°򴲱ȥ߱ߵҿû£Ҳͷġ 

ɣлң֪˴ߣɴ˶׿һŭ磬ʲôһ۸òҲᱡ𣿡˵յ 

ķ˵֪Ϊùٱȥܸо˶ίʹڱסС֡ 

΢΢һһů 

׿ˣֻС£ͷɢҷǰ¹֮У¶ʵвټˡʱᣬŵæңеĹٱ͵ۿŭգһ͵ĹٱһţʲôСĹۣҹȥ 

ڹٱæ⼷ȥٱȥҾçײ֡ 

ֻǿ𻰡ˣԽҵҲǵıʧһʱԼû뵽˻ѿ˵űˡ 

ֻͣЩȥָеȥȥ 

һæǡæתȴûϵԼ˵űߣһתײſ֮ϣֻˡһͷϽֱðòʹȴ˲ʹŶͷϵĴȥϷţŹٱѰȥˡ 



ʮ 

       ȥڳ˿ȥˮתķü˼ʲô 

ķ硣 

ķ̧ͷʵ⸮ˣ 

Ҷˡ˵ķ۵һ˿ײĴʹЩĲ֪Լڴ˴ҹոȻ򣺡ոΪ£ 

ķпЦҪѰҵϹҲ˵յĺյʤȴƫƫʮǰٱɱ֮ˡ𵭵̽һЩµ 

Ҳδ룺ʲô£ûв鵽˵һ԰ʡ 

ķҡҡͷֻһЩ˷׽ӰҲֻ㿴ȴ룬⳯ͥ£һСŮӿѶġ 

֪˵ĻԼˣֻǷķգߣǰоķ΢΢һ漴˫ֽ§סʱҸ֮ٴΰȫϲԼµһˡ̧ͷ䣬ǳ˫עԼůأḧŪǰ½ķɺã 

ķڻ糺죬ϴӡʱһ㣬ɿ飬һѪͷԣ˫һ§סһѹ£С΢ţ¶ǾϲɫҲӲͦһƬԺСҪ¡ 

ԺͻȻֵܵĶԻʵ˸мŮ 

ΪʱͻȻⲻűߵ£һ 

ʵǸղλǣ 

Գϲ֮Сõ۹ɨķÿλ룺ԽˡķĵĵҶ˵ĶӣҲҵı硣 

ķ˵ĺ׵˹Ȼ 

ͣȴȻ˵˭ף 

ķ˶벻֪µûʲôֻǸղЩԷ 

׷ʵʲôԷ 

ķߵͷûʲôġ˵ľһ𣺡ô˵յȫҪȥ֮ҲȻɱ׹ϵϣҲ䵽֮Сǻ˵Ĵ۾ߡ 

˫˵һ飺Ը⡣뵽˷򸾶ԼĶ飬ԼôͻȻߣǲֻ֪ᵣĳʲôӡԼҪķߣҲ˵װ׵ߡ뵽˶һЦ㲻ظ׺嶨µĻԼ˸ˣͺһߡ 

ķһ˽ĲʹššҲ˲ȥվռҵףǲôԼߵġղһʱ鼱û뵽ҵѪԼΪδԼôܶˣҧҧ׿ҳḧңʲôҲҪ˵ھ͸ߡ 

ֹסĲӣҲھȥ˷򸾶ҶɽѾǵĹһΣҲǵˣοôˣûûݵġĻȴ˼˵ȥ 

ķ֪һʱߣֻҲ߲ˡ 

һ˿ʣΪ֮˵ 

ķر۹ֻһ򣬶ȴǹټС㡣ҿȥƯ 

ЦЦοķģǺҵģֻҪҺúø˵ǲǿҵġҸױҲǽʿĸײҲҸ𣿡 

ķף粻˵ռҵľᣬǲԼߵģ˵֪׵ȴҵĳˣǸΣܵʲôĴ˵ԼˣԼܸʲôŵ֪ԼʱͿڶ̫ˡܵ˺ˡ 

˺һ㣬ѵԼעԵؿһۣԼϵķ۱´ת򿪴ԾʧҹĻ֮С 

ķ粻жʹ͹¼šûϵûüסںδͻȻȥһ·Ǿһ㡣ѵԼʲôķʧҹĻ׹ߣղŵϲñʧȥᡣ 



ʮ 

       ڶգѰϣȴڿڡϼֹƽʱһ㣬ʵʲôҪĸ˵ģ 

һĸ;ĸ˵һķˣ 

ϵȻյʤ̸˵ĺˡͻȻһȴһߺ죬³ʵ˾˵ôͻȻ𣿡 

Խ͸ʮʱʦ»Լ 

ϰ£ԼƽǲʧȥϵԼҲͲˡ 

ͷø͵ˣĸ;˸ΪɸǰԼ 

ϾһվײϵĲ豭ʲô 

һһ̧ͷһ֮ɫʵĸôˣ 

֪Լʧ̬£豭ʵ˵ĵ 

ͷǡ 

Ͽʵô֪ 

뵽ҹ֮£ߵ̧ͷηǡֻ˸;ĸΪұȥ 

֪һУ㲻ܸߡ 

ǰֳķ۵Ĩʹѵ˸;ĸķ֮ʲô᣿һȾ֪ĸӦԶڴĮ󣬸ʶ˸;ĸ̽ʵĸʶ𣿡 

Ժһׯķĸʮǰĺýáϳ鶯һ£漴һϵá 

ûŹϱı仯Ϊʲôԣ 

϶ֻһԺ󲻹ڽεôϰҸأ 

ҸײҲǽʿĸײҲҸ𣿡 

ϵΪĸײ˵ĻҪ޸㸸סΪ㸸ô꼶Ͷȥ˵ʲôҲĸ׵·ˡ 

С̽ǽˣܰǲǾͿԣ 

ҲҲԡ 

֮ѸӿȥеռҺķŲ˵ĹϸҪķҲҹռңһƽ͵ľĸҲģֻ֪Σ׷ʵΪҲԣ 

һʱ֪λش𣬵㲻Ժ 

ϵ۾ĸңǲռҺʲô᣿ 

̾˿˾ǺҵĹᣬͱˡ㲻Ժ 

ҶٶǰһɫֽȫѪɫ 

ϼ΢΢֪ԲܰԼļң˲ίЩ죬ǾѡӣףܰԼļˡҲίˡ 

ɫһ䣬ԭҹķ˵£ֵĸһֱѱ統׸硣 

ٴסֵһŮ˵һ˾Ϳܼܲ޸ˣһףһٰ۰ܰίǸģԼû֮ϺӣɵˣĸĻ˼룬 

סϵ֣ϵ۾ĸһģҵռҺҷʲô£ 

һ㲻Ҫˡ 

סţĸ͸ҰɡǲǾ˾˺ҵйأ 

ɫˢһ°ˣ˵ʲôˣҲȥϢɡ 

ϵҲƺʲôռҵѪǧ˿ƵĹϵҹķҪʲôҲҪʣߣȴ֪һУȴȻңԼȴΪԼ˽ģô˺һȥ˻ֻ֮һεתæֳסͷѣȥ뿪ϵķ䡣 

ϿµıӰһʹΪԺ˵ʲôҲ 



ʮ 

       극¥ķ罫еľһ漴һ룬һеľ̳תµϵҡҡȻ󽫾̳һ٣еСþ 

СɿܵߣŵŶ߰˸̳Сļص͹٣Ѿ˺ܶˡ 

ķ̧΢˫ۣ뻳ȡһСеȥãȥá 

Сԥ͹٣ٺȾˡ 

ķںһþ 

СæŽܿˣһͱ̳ƻСĵطϵٿͣľˡ 

ķĿ̳ڣֱӱ̳̳ںһڡķͳһССġ 

վšž̳λƵ¥ȥСõعٿߣӭ´ķ¥Цص˵еСĵڻС 

һ˱Ǿ׷ܣԾóһ 

ķŴóĵϴȺߵӱߵСϣ̳ҵҪҵˣǲǸףһ£ЦȴаЦ⡣Ц̳˿ھƣֽ̳Ŷ֮ϡɫȻʦҸôŶԵֶԵ壿ô 

Ҫȥĸ˶ķָָ㣬Сۡķб˹ȥæСŵһ첽߹Զ˷ͷķֻ˺Ⱦƣת۰̳¶ǡϳ壬ķ˦˦ͷǰľȴԽԽģ 

ƦķӾ¥͸󣬼òˣΧǰ 

ķ̧ۣǰվˣת˱ĸˣֱɰ˸ˡͷغȵ߿ 

һ˵Ҫ߿סϵǮǣϾߡ 

ķƤ̧һ£ֹ˿ھƣƿǰһˣ·ȥ 

һƦķųϵһ̵飬۾һ־ȥȡķҪҵĽ 

˼ķ·ȣԳе㹦ȥȡδ֪ô£ͼԼ˾ڿУȥһз̫죬һ˵ȷӦ˵ű߹ۿֻĵˮͬ㵸Ưȥ֪˸֣ͷķ粢ûעӴķ߳һ㲻ȥ𣿡Ǵ죬˶ͷϾðˮӿ첽ӣ±ȥһؿȴײһӲ֮ϣʹͷһǾ̳ǰ½һšһգҲ˴ȥ 

ķ罫У˦˦صͷٴš̳ơ 

һֵֻס̳ڡķ˳ֿȥеĴѩ·ķ¶һ˿Ц⣬ˣ 

Ӷؿ꼶ᣬľȻھ֮Уϧϧ 

ԣײԡķģ˫ۣǰİ±¡ķ۾ЦķϽסˣܿȥˣǰȻһʮĲʶΪԼղŵʧ̬ԳһЦתͷץִ̳յߡ 

ٺˡ̳Ǿƾ̳գֽ̳С 

ķûϵּ侹ܴȥ̳Ƽʱһ롣кɨɫ޶⡣վֱӣƿȥ 

ںʵ 

ᣬķȴǵվףľƾҲʧڿУ䡣֪´Ӻδ֪ 

һЦǾڴĮꣿ 

ķԼԶԷһ֪ԷȴԼĸԽľȴ֪ºˣ 

뻳ȡһ׸ķ硣 

ķֽס̯һȴһ̴ľƣŸ¡֣˸žϲ֮ɫľ׸ȭ֪ʦּݵ˵˵Сʧ񡣡СڴĮߵδϰߣĻЩ˵ˡ 

εǶµһЦҲ㼸꣬ǽŮͽҷɡ 

ķ籾ڴĮ㱾ʿǰ壬һ˵ϲ֪꣬үɺãʦʱ 

ʦ˼׳ÿԳһͷţʦΣ 

ķʦˡСʦܣʦҲ֪᷵ʶң 

˵ز˵֮Ѱطġ 

ķȥ֮ȻªȴҲ 

áСլȥ 



ʮ 

       СլʮǰһҹڷʦͻȻʧ٣ɼүӣĴ֮ʣ´Ȼʦ徹һ㡣ֱǰӵʦĴţ˵ͬڴĮعүɽڽȺʦ˳ڽĥһԼ 

ķԭˣһ² 

΢Ц֪ôϵˣ 

ķǡ 

ȴصΪһĹ 

һִ̺ݺݵķĿڴһ£Ϻޱּ 

꿴ķǣǰȥ극ƣҾͶ⣬֪ķ硣ѰңһҪҵ㣬Ҹ֪ҵʱ뵽㣬ơҰй۲죬ȷ߷֡ټ㣬棬ʽʦ塣ֿ϶߰˷֣ٳԣȻС 

ķϣ˿˿⡣Լھ磬˶վȻûзҺǷ֣ǵˡķ˸սҲܹˡȴ֪Ƿ֪֮£֪һĴѰң֪һУҲѹʱ䳤ˣֻʶңˣҲûЩ 

ķͷ˼ȴΪѰпԸоһϧĮ֮֮У⻰Ҳܲ 

տھķϻͷֲ֪δ 

ֻðѵڱߵĻ˻ȥסջ 

ķջ߻ӣпշ˵Ϊ֮أ 

ҲãүҲҪڽĥͬʱʦͽˡͣͣʵк£ƽ˵ܷæ 

ķ÷ּЦˣֻһС£һʱûÿ뿪ˣԺ󲻻ˡ 

˵Ҳʣá 

Ժд֮һ˵ǷˡһŮȥ 

˵䣬Ůѵǰеķ硣䣬һĵŮͷŷ̽ķ⣬ӣſסˣŮ档 

ķɨһ۵ɣʦֻ֡ͷԷʦã档 

֮ʱվʦʦá 

æҲȭ 

꿴Žޱȵ룺ѵķ棿޹ֺˣһƬ顣뵽˶Ȼ֮⡣ 

ԭŮӰ㺬ֱŷ갵˿ȥǺĳˣһ쵽һűķߣӴսķţסӵôľֺȾˣ 

ķ粻ԸԷ꣬ͬȥջ񡣡 

ֻЩԼȥþͿˡ 

סȱ߰˵˵ôϵģ 

ķ뵽ղ龰üڲߣ涨ʸף㡣 

ҲķжĻᣬý֮°ˡˡ 

˾Լ⣬ҪȥĶҲȥ 

ķ統ûȥ 

վķ֮ݰڴˡԺʦùա 

Ҫᵽ˼䣬ֱֻϲֵðˡ 

Ǳķջȥ 

ķ겢Уķ翴˿ֹ 

ʲô˵ǡ 

˻ᣬķ緽һ㡣 

΢΢һЦͷ 

ķ㶨ү˵֢֮ɣ 

һͻȻдʣѵΪͷ֢ʮֹ졣 

ķͻȻǵ֢ͨ봿֮˷ӡϣɻ֮ 

ͷҡҡͷ˵УҲ˵ޡ 

ķͷϲּҡͷһ˻ 

˳׵ǿԻⷢʱʹ֪࣬мЧź֢أҲ޿ɻġ 

һֱķ֮ϣİ𣿡 

үЩһֱ˼⺮֢֣֮ݹأһɽ⣬ 

ķһϣǺʲôطԵõ 

ɨķ˵һ־綾֮ʳ 

ķһ㶣˵ɽ⣿ 

ŵǾ綾ûȴ֮ǺĿǡ 

ķй˶ˣкá 

վס˵ǵķӡ֮ȴɵ綾ֻǡ 

ķԴϲֻҪҵԺҾˣҲܰȻȥ֪Ҳˡ겻˵ʵĶѰֿʲô 

ɫһ˵ǳѩɽϣǴû˼ҲֻǴ˵ˣǷдҲö֪ 

ķһ漴ᶨ֮ɫЩ˵ͱض˼ 

֮ʵϸ˵֮ʱв֮֮Уʵ⺮֮£Ϊ 

ķ˵Уٴ𻰣ǰȥ 

˵Ǵ֮ҲǺùֱȢˣʲôҲûˣ 

ķҲȢ 

ȻΪʲô˵׺ʦǶ˻Լģѵ㲻ػԼ 

һεĽش̽ķ࣬Ҳشֻ꣬· 

׷ķβˣ߰ɡ 

ķɫղŵ̸ȫ޹һ㣬ʵڲ²˼ 



ʮһ ڶ

       صջƿȴŸŮӡ 

ŮӼæе硣漴ķ磬״һ㶨ǶܿžϲĹâͷ 

ڷУҲô 

ķͻȻڷг֣Ϊ֮һһϲһʹбֻһ۹һߡ 

ΪΪڣķԼ磬û֮µϢ㲻ڷУСҪڴ˵㣬㲻ְɣ 

æֲ֡ͷķҪҵˡ 

΢΢˸б仯ϣԼ֪룬ڶһʱҲ֪βźá 

ķֻǵͷ񡣿֮Ѹٶᡣ 

ηһݳĬģҳȥЩճƷ 

ķҺһȥ 

һ˿ʹǲϽˡ 

ûеĴʹãһܿ˵߳ȥֽϡ 

ߺķţȥ 

ķ硣ǰסķ磬һȴͣסˣ˫Ҳʹؿķ󱳡 

ķͣͣû˶̧žҪ뿪 

еߡ 

ķ֪Լ£һԼ˽ԵĽŲȴʹͣ 

ߵűߣϷŵºȱɡ 

ķĮȻߵ¡ 

˱ݸķͻӢ̿ɺã 

á 

̨𣿡 

á 

Щ꣬㻹𣿡 

á 

ֳĬˡķܿ۹Ҹˡ 

˵ģҸߣ𣿡Լӣõ͵Լʵ 

ķһ£ܿˣΪټС㣬˸Ҳ㰲źû£ҿ絽ҲǸˣԻúô㣬ҲԹϰȶǵܽƯ֮ࡣ 

ռҸ˸˵֮£ᣬࣺҶֻ֮飬⡣ 

˼˵ֻķһˣķֺγû֮⡣һܵСһ⡣Сذɣڲ˷ʱ䡣 

֪ΪҵĶԹҲԸ˵ƣߵסֵķ磬ԺʲôҶʣֻߡ 

ķˮıףһסС֡һĵẦҧҧˤ֣һʱûվȣˤڵϡķдתԭ԰׵СӲ԰סȫӿȥܿ컯ɱһ䣬תԲʣһҡ 

Ҳ̲סʹ޶ȥ 

ķ翴ıӰȥһһ㣬ҲûƽյĮȫһѰ 

վڲԶǻ˳е 

ؿһۣ¥ȥ 

׷ȥ֮ʵô£ֻҡͷôҲ˵һ֡갵Сӡ 

ˣ귽𼱣ȥСΪָ˵ 

סҡͷ𣬲 

յǰ㣬㻹 

ĨҲ޿κΡ 

겻ѵΪǸ棿 

ҡͷ棬¡ 

һζԽżǵô£ 

ڵϣֻһζᣬԽãԽࡣ 

꼱ô£ 

ηҪˣ𣿡 

̾˿ȱѹȥ 

˵ͷ 

귵ؿջķüͷһĮǶȥɥ֮һɨաʵ㶫ˣ 

ķ㻹𣿡 

ķɶ֣δؿŷꡣ 

ԽŭһŮӣһƬ⣬Ҳ۸ 

ķǿŭһҵ£ܡպǾߣȵ㡣˵̧ 

µӣøķĻԼʦ׶µġȻˣʦڡҲǽТԺ󣿡 

ķϵļʹŤţȴһ²ˡ 

ķĺףһĵү˵㸸ڳͥȴһӢ˹Ҳ壬ôĶӣ 



ʮ 

       ķһͷкһһɲǼı仯Ҳ÷˸ս 

ķ绺һ죬һ֮˵ԣʱң 

Դһ˻ 

ķҧгݵһҶٶھֵ֮֡ 

꾪úһ⻰ǵ棿 

ķص˵ͷ 

û˸ղŵƣ޹ģһƬģô죿 

ķһЦԺ޷Զʹ࣬ںңʱ䳤Իҵ˵ת£ԺҪᡣȥ㡣 

صոѾ϶С㣬ɻˣүͷڷеءһѰ˼ѵĸķ絽֮˵˾˸ò˵ķ䣿ܺ£ȥ˵߿첽Ѿ߻صСյʤתתȥ߲ʱſڣһ֮ɫһѾһЩһ֮С 

һţϾһסȥĶˣɼˡ 

׵ҳȥߡ˿մõİʵĸô£ 

յʤͣתȦ˾˶Բ㣬ܺúչ㡣 

յʤ˾˺;ĸŮһ㣬˾ô˵ 

ʱ⴫СûУ 

Ѿߴջˣүͷ𻰡 

ãȥɡͼ米˸ 

ԽԻҪ뿪𣿡 

ϵҪ뿪Ҫʱ뿪һӡ 

ɻΪʲôʲô𣿡 

յʤ̾˿˺͵ة࣬ͽ 

ǵվףӻ˻Ρ 

ֵôϰ뻢ڣ԰ռ뿪һӣͷٻ 

ѹĸֻҪһ뿪ռҸҲ޿κˡ 

ϵһôһⱼչ㣬Ҳܷġ 

סϵˣةʹ˾˹ô죿 

ϵؾֵܣôġתͷ˴γȥҪչ˺Լ 

纬ڵϸյʤϿͷһҪذ 

յʤ첻ˣ·ɡһֽ֦ 

Ҳյʤ򸾿ͷ˰ռҺųȥҶ籸ƥȺ 

ռҸס磬һδ죬ҲߣռҰɡ 

㻹ʲô±Ҫȹ˷ͷٰҲ١ 

ֻҪҲռңҲΪѶ˺;ĸ 

Ŀ϶ߣץͷɦУߣҪһȥҲ޷ｻ 

磬֪ңĻҪ죬Ծô뿪 

ε˵ɣҪʲô£Ҹһȥ 

֪˵ʲôҲ϶ȥģֻѰߣѰԼȥҵȥһȥջ 

һԴˣǸȥ¸š 

ֱջȻƹȴ˵Ѱߣ֪ȥδֻڴ±ûзټķԽӲ֪Ҫδˣ˵ʧһȥ֪᲻ڣʹ 

翴ʧ֮ɫοҪűȰϵ첻ˣǾǡ 

Ҳֻõ˵ͷƹֽű 

һ·˳ţӱ޼Сгʮ·ǰ·Ϻһƥһˡæס羪е硣ġ 

ɨҪң㲻ϣڷ˽ 

ɫףĿԼ԰ͷһߡ 

ԣǵͨˣǲ˽ 

бۿǣ͸һȥɡ 

ǲܻȥ 

ıߡһȻϻȥ˽ʲô 

治˽ȷʵвѵĿңǹȥ˰ɡ 

һᣬˣһȥν 

Ѫϣһ 

ĵ˵ϵСҶǲһȥޣ 

Ȼǡ 

Ķòôʶɣ 

ֻǶԱߵĵ棬ĵʻš 

ȻˣҲҪֲˡ˵֣дܳʮٱ 

˫ǰһǸӡ 

˿ܣԼһǾͻΧģ磬ңߡ 

ҪһߣҪһ˵վٹٱȥһ˶ԵжʮٱֵûסҪͻΧȴ¡ 

Ŀòͷ˽еĳһӣƾ𡰰ȡһ졣ап࣬ԼĵʤһټʮٱԼû˿ʤˡ 

ߵͻȻæԾ㿪һθ䣬ٳ˵棬˲档ʱһ·硣ƴֵٱһʱҲò 

ļս£һƣһתȥۼҪڳ֮¡һ˲ùٱȥޣ֮ʣһʹͷһһٱ֮ڣŭ㡭²飬һǹٱͷϣʱǹٱͷѪ磬һغ 

ˣ磬ߣҪҡ䣬Ծ֮ץסֱۡ˲ģֱҪߡ 

ˣж裬ܣһеسȻٱβסд󼱡һסϣһֻӱ޴硣ÿ绹֮ʱͽǰ档ԽӷŲֽţƬֱٱȥҪùһѵϵ磬ٲס֣Ҿɱ 

֪һĺݣ˵ֻվסٱһӵϣ˸ʵ 

ĵЦܵĹֽ 

һͷŤһߡ 



ʮ 

       ķͷԺд书˷ѿУֻƿ֮ת۶йȥˣ˾ް࣬б˴˰ 

Сô߸·Żŵģſڴ 

ķͷͬʱСԺš֨һ򿪣˫˫˽ 

еؿ棬ʵ棬ǲʲô£ɫţ 

ҪػĿɨķ磬һ˿飬Ҫ˵Ļ˻ȥûʲô¡ 

ķպýҳȥߡֱȥˡ 

ķӰʧԺ֮󣬰յҧҧ´ͷվԺУϻһЦݵҰ㲼õķ䣬㻹ϰ𣿡 

΢Цܺãллˡ 

ԿСûʲô𣿡 

ϵЦݶ˶٣ܿչȻû¡ 

Σ治˵Ҳʡ 

䣬㶵Ҳ֪ʲôЮ˿Ӳ˷ŵе棬԰ 

Ȼ񣬳ЦЦͷԲˣڣ 

ķ磬ķʹ񣬿档ķȴֻ˳Էʲô¶޹һ㡣 

Ʋ̽ͷ¹ڷϵķϣӰӡķոķ򣬳ꡱ 

СԺµķ磬ûзַ겻֪ʱߵߡ 

һʲô˵˵ɡ 

ɫֱ䣬Ŀڷϣͷѹ˵ 

һγɣֿ۷갵ô֪лķ˵ʵ֪ʲô£ 

ҡͷ֪ʲôдˣһ֪ 

Ĭ˰ΣͻȻԾϷȥеķ硣 

ķͣ´Զĺڰ𣿡 

Ȼղ¶ģʱЩ˻ҽ쿴 

ķųءŶһ 

ûϵķϢ㷴Ӧ͵ۿķ磬ȴκα仯ŵʵѵ㲻֪Ķ𣿡 

ķ롣 

һ㶣ΪѰ˷һ㣬ʱϢΪʲô˵ĮһΪ֪ȥ򡣡˵꣬վ˻ķػתȥ 

ķٴνŵߡ߳ȴֻعץȥˡ 

ڴֹͣˣŵҿһ˱һӹٱץȥˣ˵ǽ硣˵Ծ·ͷ䣬ʧķӰһʹȻһЦ㻹ںġ 

ķԾռΧǽͻȻβæ֮˱ۿȥǷֻ꣬˽ǰ 

ķתߣһġ 

һͷķɿĶԻԸ˶٣۸ǽҺһȥ 

ķ˵ͷһǽͷ 

ķǶܹܸ̽ᳵ·Ȼ˴ȴϴ龰ͬĴǵƻͨȴѾ߶Ѳ߹ٱࡣķͷתԺסڴǰϸֶ˸ơ 

˵ӵãֻŽգдſڶٱءȴеƹ͸˽˸ɫת֮ԾϷλãܹٱѲߣǱڷҿƬ 

յʤڿ첽߶ŭݡүڸǺã 

յʤּͣͣ߶ 

ϼյʤشֱӵ֪Ķˡ 

յʤͣӦԶ˰ɡǰҲõ䡣 

ƵֻҪƽҪôôɡ 

յʤϵֵȻةԷˣôҲù˼֮飬̫ˣЩӣԶˣû취Ҳͻǡ 

԰Ըˡ 

һæҵĽŲķͷæӡһͼһѹٱӵյȫǰͣ¡ 

һģ˶ŵĹٱ򿪡һŵĹٱæ򿪴ϵ 

յȫš 

ٱǡ 

յȫߵãյʤվǶؿյȫ 

յȫƤЦⲻЦΪˣҲкˮ 

յʤһֻܹܸˡ 

յȫҲᣬ˱һڵò衣 

ʱˣֲȵİɣʲôֱ˵ǡ 

յȫٺһЦ²豭ÿԿڵöġ 

ϱһ˦һ˼ңֳʱˣֳذɡ 

յȫյ»ǵòɣ˻ˡ˵бۿϱӰֵʱ뵽ҪԹ͵ˡ 

ϺյʤͬʱĲ©һģϼתסյȫ˵ʲô 

յȫͷϵʯָŲæصʱĶڳˣȻ㽫ȥˡ 

յʤһѷסȥϣָסյȫŭ㡭㻹𣿡 

յȫյʤѹһ׺Ц⣬ȴ˿ëֱҲΪǺãˣֻܵأ޶ӣĲֻ̰ҪúȰȰԹףҽԴϲֶΪ 

յʤŭһĵĶùˣŮ 

յȫüһȻ˵ 

յʤŭЦ磿ﻹֻܵȨơ߰ɣǲ˳ġ 

յȫ㲻𣿡 

յʤǰһץסյȫǰ½ôˣ 

յȫһһյʤֱ۷ŤȥҶ֣㻹ٶꡣʵ㣬ڹţǲúϣɱʮٱԶԼú룬ߡ˵ﳤȥ漴ϡ 



ʮ һһ

       ķͷ꽫ƬŻԭλ˸ɫŷȥ 

ͷؿſڴӰӰǰķһͷ˯Ѩ֮ϡһխ洫ȭȾƵ֮̽ͷȥֻͷȵһ㶵Ĳ֪ʲôηһˣȴ֪δķ簵żҲֻȾȳʸס 

ķʰһСʯӣ϶ȥʯǰ˼УУСҹʱԵø 

ͷͣƣŶžһƬҹģԽëֱһԱ֮˵ȥ 

ͷСĵխսխֻӰһһʹƺһڵϡһڵϡ 

ͷԣûӦֽеڹҲòӦ˾ҲһСĵխ̽ 

Ȼδȵխǰһ㱻Ѩ˯ȥ 

ͻ䣬תۼͷסվ֮ˡʵ˭ 

ɴʵأ 

Ƿ꣬ϲ漴תҴˣڴ˴Ȼķʵλǣ 

ѴͷҵԿ״ŵ˵ز˵֮أȥ˵ 

ȴֽűסͷһʯϡסһ˿¶ɫ 

ķǰ˵ڽȥֵӦжϣڵϣȴδ˺翴Լ˫ֺ۷ 

ͺý 

ķ΢תѽڽ䡣 

˳˴Σ缱ҪȥףЩӻᱻߡ 

һֱĬķʱΣգ㻹Ϊ˫ɡ 

һʵҵôˣ 

꽫ղԽһ顣һѽһתߡ 

һסҪȥĶ 

ȥҵ 

ķһƾбܽ 

ŭ㡭 

Ļδ˵ķӰڼ֮⡣ 

ߣȥ˫ס˵ҲķܹܸԾȥ 

ѹŭϵʹһȳһյ׷ȥ 

ᳵ·Ƭ̱ܹܸǰŹٱ磬ſкֻһŹٱǱ˵ȥϸ£ٱһϸۣѪð 

翴ķго˵ǹַ 

Ҳδϵķ˿ݾȷֻʦ¥֮ϡ 

˽ʬڲݴ֮УѳԿ״򿪷ţڣں÷š 

յʤϼ־ϲϸʹ顣æĸףȲæޣҪˡ 

æס죬Ӳ˻ȥһΪҲҶˡأ 

Ĵˣȳȥ跨 

յʤ籾ҲǾϲӣʱھߣȥ跨ߵԽԶԽá 

粻ѵߣ 

յʤɫ˳ͥ٣ҿ׵ߵʱ󲮱լ跨Զ߸߷ɡ 

缱ͿҺˣةʹһ׷Źס 

յʤصҾͲţô 

ķɨյʤʮǰҶڣһҹɱ㲻һֻϡ 

յʤԣһ⣬ŵźŤţ¶ʹ֮ɫķ磬ֻ۵˸ų֮˲ֻһѱɽյʤͷðʵ˭ 

ķֻһ·ˡ 

յʤֿķ缸ۣĴɻ󣬵Ǻ֮ˣ֪Щ£ԼʲǺ£ͷϵãߡȥʰ 

һ˱ܿѲ߹ٱֱԾǽ˳š 

յʤķͷ걧ȭллλ֪֮մ 

·꣬ɲض񡣡ķȴתǡ 

յʤԽΣ˱ŷͬѰĹϵ뵽һ쬵ģٴһܾ¶˫ʮϤ罻ȥ˽լֶգȥǻϡ 

æȥȥ˽լ 

յʤ˿˵ȥãȥ˷ǱȲö 

ķյʤǰвͣ£֮²ǷģǸϿжԶԶ 

ŭ㣡ռо֮Ҹĸʿɱ裬Ҵ򲻹㣬ǡ 

ķһҵﲻֵһᡣ 

ŭģҪյʤеס֡˵ߵķǰʵܷҿµݣܾǳҵһˡ 

ķ粻̲صͲ¿Ժɱ֮ 

Ļ̵ס㲻Ҫ̫˵ȡ˫ 

յʤæһסȵȥֲ˵ 

ķ绺ɴյʤһ֮£һȣڵϡæǰסŭķ硣 

յʤصȻ㡣֪ôãŹǡ 

ԽԽԺʵ˭㲻㣬Һƴ˱ǡ 

յʤ˰ֵǷġô㶼òڡ 

缱е 

ʱߵķǰķúÿһ飬󰡡ķɣЩһֱһղǹһհӡ 

ķбۿյʤһ۵Ҵã˵ġ 

յʤͷĳһ򲻴 

ķáδ䣬ֻһ 

ķ֣Щʱһҽһ 

ȴյʤδȥϷϣµͷɢ 

յʤؿķ硣ķӻȡʦֽյʤдİɣ 

յʤʰֽ˿ 

ķʮǰɱңǳڱ⣬δܾȵҸףȴŹ˶ϵҡһһ֮Ĺʹա߰ɡ 

ϰֲһֱȻǸˡķм£Ҹö˵Ǹ 

ķۿϲγԡֵǰ˵ҪߡʵЩһֱ㡣˵ߵɷߡ 

ؿķ磬ס 

ķвȴ¶ɫͷһֱķ˵ˣϵϣ׷ѣͷ͵ǰɡ 

갵ķƷԽ࿴˵һȥԼСģ 

ķ˵ͷʧںҹ֮С 

յʤٸнķıӰϵ߰ɡ 



ʮ 

       ķյʤ˵λһ·һľֵ֮ѩ֮ʱһЩ֦ڳ¶¶£ð̡ 

Զһ֮ҵĽŲƬľ¡ 

ķϸǿǱˡҪܵˡһҪү֮ǰץûԷܿ㣬һүˣɾͳԲ˶ˡ֮Ȼ׷ʲô 

ķȥɽܲɽʯڶ࣬ȴѿзڣȴ֪ױںδĿĵѰֻ°Ҳδ꣬ЩȺȥ˵ѰЩӴȥ 

еȴһŮӻŲ·ǰ񱼡ԶһȺҶߺ׷ϡķ⡱һ£ŮӲǱˣ 

ķæнȥۿҪ׷ϣ·һתһ·Ѿܵıϡֻķ磬ټˡ䣬һվȥ 

һ̫죬ķûüֹ׹ȥķ缱æıȥ֮ʱ˫ʯ͵ţԼ弱䣬׷ȥ 

ϵ۾ͻȻһƬããѩɽϣһֻС׺һѩˣþʱͻȻѩɽ±ȥֻķ¯ôеĺڽС׺Ծȥ̨ϣ˳ժѩͷϱȻȡСͭţԼѩģͻȻͷһתķС׺һ·񱼣׷ģĹۿӲ֮ʣԼС׺С֮УȴɽڡС׺СڿһתԼģ׷»ɽڣһѩһסķ硣䡣 

ʱһԼڿз˸һת֮ʣԺеľһӻҷˡ۾ǰķǿݵһĨҸ΢Цã֮ǰΡ 

ķ翴˿еһʹڲ̸Ů鳤ʱȱסСʯϵȥֻһʯϲһ⣬֮˳ɳٴμ׹֮ʱһ㣬˼£˾˰ɽϵһխ̨֮ϡ 

ļҶ׷ıߣѩ׵·ڷƮ裬еСˡʧ֮һ̱˵ϣĵصˣСˡ 

ķվ֮𳤽ξһճյԼ뵽Լһֻʬ޴棬ȫ˸ս롣»ڣϧȫӿ˫֮Уͻ 

㡰šһ۾ʼճķϣƿһӡ 

ķ粻ʱһμ龰ʵ𣿡 

ڵ¡ 

£Ϊʲô۾ķ¶ǳǳЦ⡣ 

ںڰȥ֮ǰ뿴ģŲźĴ 

ķһǲˡ 

ϵЦŨ˵ͷ 

ķȵǻ 

˳ѩ׵ãҲźˡ 

ķԼĲ֮ʹһѣʹýⲻΡ 

ͻѹļЩſķ磬Լ󰺰ǰ֮˹ķ硣۾ķҲûǰʧԼֱҧһڣʹƺһⲻΡ 

ĵķڶߵһֵõȥˡ 

ʱ¿Լںδһ֮£˿ 

ķҲ£ 

ķŵҡһͲкġ 

ķװŭȵӦʲô˵ʲôʱҪ̫һ 

ͷ͹ƻ̫Ҳ̫ 

Сķȴ˸Цãŵٴŭ㻹Ҷ졭 

̧ͷӭǰ˫һȥΪŭŵ֪Ϊط̫խǱԭķȻûбܿ 

ķḧչֻʣһᡣͻȻżյĴһǡ 

ɲǼ䣬ķйʧڿУֱһ̶ڻУǷۺС䡣ֻۣԸᣬԽԽȫʧǷ֮䡣ãſ޵ķӣǱԼǵʺΡ 

ķ֣ʲôҲ 

ķ粻Ϊͻԣʵôأ 

ٷʲô£㶼Ҹģ𣿡 

ķšһдϲͷķǰ 

ķֻһΧסԼΧסɽ壬Ҳ֪ǲľ㣬ġ˲˵ãķ緽̾˿Ҫˡ 

Ҳ̾Ϣǿϧáʵڱ˿ľ֮ϣкκõģǿǶݵʱûгޣûһйǣֻ˵ģһҲõˡ 

ķ¿üͷ塣Ͽֻʯƽط̦֣ȥܡ¿ȴףапࡣ̧ͷƽˮﲨӭţʵ𣿡 

΢ЦŵֻҪڣȥҲ¡ 

ķһϸʯȻͣҲвͻλסһǵҪȥˡ 

סķӦһķʯ»䣬ÿͻλһ㣬֮ơ㣬Ҳ֪ʯϵ˶ٴΣڿɿ澹һɽȡ 

ķϲȻ棬ҲͲ֮¡ 

ȻϲͻȻ޿֮ķȥУԭʯƾݽȥɣȫգ֮弱½һȵס 

ۿҪˤ棬ķһ˿˿࣬һǣڿһ§ǰԼϱµӭ档ֻһʹһͷûˡ֮㲻֪Ϊˡ 




-- --



ڶ ǳ
ʮ һ

       ֪˶ãתѣ౻ˤ߻صͷۣӡһƬɫ´Լѹµķ硣 

Ŀķ翡ݵͣӣ˫ѸٷŴٶȴķϹ촽ỽķ硣õĻشֻɽеķ 

Ѹ˫˫ķֽеķ硣Ժ޷Ӧʱͣסˣָԥ쵽ķ· 

ɲǼ䣬ֻεת̱ķߣ޹شķ̫ôܶң 

һ¡𣬼ֱķϡ佫ķˮȥԽԽôҲܽɡܿ콫˴͸ʪһ䡣ŻᲡġ 

˵ȥķʬķӳڵϡϴקһķƵһô֮§ڻСֽˮȥ૵ǲǺúܶࣿô䣿Ҫ£һһֱ㡣 

ķյ˫ۣ˰Σ˻ֵҪˣҲҪ𣿡˵ֳճյź˯˵ 

Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻһץסķʹҡΣҡ߽е㲻᲻Ҫҵģôҡķ巴ԽԽ䡣 

ķת䣬ԽԽҲ̲סؿʹ߿ޱߴšͻȻֵһůů֮ֹסޣֵķ绳н֮ﾡͳ۱ǼǰԼǷ˿˿һֻӣš֣ٴס˫ۡḧӣˮһεǰòŷ鿴پСС⣬ʱⷢµů⡣ 

͸Լȡƴһ⾹⣬֮ԽԽҲ֪Ϊǵѹ𣿡˵꽫ŵķǰԷķӵؿš 

һ޵ỽֹͣķ԰׵ȴ˿ʧشͷᡣ 

ޡ΢𣬽š 

һַסķеĿɨţеķ硣 

һůķؿϵϴɢķҲֹסеҿֽеķ硣 

Σķ糤Ľëһ£ĶҪǻ۾һգҲգضסǽյ˫ 

ãķصޣû¡ 

ܲޣķԽӿ޵ȥ§סķޣ߿ޱߵˣˡ 

˻ò鿴ķƣæĨȥˮͷ䣺סһֻˣһָֻѵķ 

ȡУȻ֡һջػУһͬӺ˿һͬŻķ绳Сķʵںδ 

ķֻȫˤɢ˰㣬ȴҲ£㲻Ҫġ 

Ұ׵β֪˵ʵҶ˵ϡԶһ̶ˮʮȥװЩˮȡ˵գժƬЩҶںϴˮ˳쳣ʮֻϲҶװȥιķ磬ˣķˮжˣãϷЩɫзԿɡ 

ķḹмĴ޿ɹ֮ʱһ֮У滷ɽǸղȡˮ̶֮ʱ磬ں˸ˮܳݣȴż˲Ҷӡ 

ϲҲ˲ô֣ٿڳѳɽɽںϴϲϲȥ 

ȻЦݺܿʧɽķȥֻķŻǰ½ȫѪ֪ʱѻȥ˫ɨţĴķķ磬㲻Ҫҡ 

ķϢԽԽͻȻʲôæͳִȡһ⣬һ𣬷ķǰȻַ⣬ů⡣ 

ãȻķءȥɽΣڿнúһķιʳɽвȱɽΣֻЩʽӲͽھʮѣûϼѩ׵СˮѪ߰ߣҲ˲ʹֻϣܶЩɽΡ䲻֪ôʵ벻ÿһʱ͸ķιʳһɽΡ㣬ķ粢δϢȴûټ 

̫䣬գӡһƬʡķߣסķ֣ҹҺۣһԵķʬ塣һ죬յʱķ߲֪о˯ˣ˯Уε˵һμķʱŽӿӡεԼճʱ 



ʮ ȵ

       һ紵һսȻѣһ亹Լ˯šȫ޷Ӧķ磬̽ķûҪؿڵķŻš 

ʱСԼ쵽һֱδʳɽξպãóһȥժҰźˮ伡ҰɬʡʳҰ˿ڷóɽϸϸķιʳ 

ķһ֮˿˿ԼϣһƺߣƤ˶۾˫ۣĿ䣬˵Ĵһһʱסˡɺ죬æͷתˣ 

ķ翴ŵİ֦ɽΣδµɽĭʱôһ£֪Ϊ˾ԼԲķ㣬һʵ˯˶ˡ 

ЩѾˡ 

ķһʵô˵죬㶼ˡ汾˵ιҡ˵ڡ 

۰׵СԽߺصͷķŮ̬ɫЩȷʵǣǵÿ࣬סС֣ˡ 

ҡҡͷҲ࣬ЩҺú¡ 

ķ絭𣿡 

ͷ֪λش۽£ϡ 

ķ罫ԼǰҲµģҲᶪġ 

ķǰĵЦˣķǰȴһƬȣȻ⡣нķ磬緢֮ⷢ˵˱顣 

ķ罫ⷴ˿ȴԽһһڻС뻳ʱ֧ȡ˳ֱŵذɢ˵ķ˿鷢ϵⱾ㵽Įʱģûڲɣ 

ѿ֧͸Լֹס޵ĳ嶯סͷķʵҴⷢÿ𣿡 

ķĵÿŮÿ 

ЦŮ 

ķû 

Ϸô֪ұŮÿ 

ķ硰һ㶷ġ 

ꡱһЦ 

ķͷͷˣ˯ɣҲˡ 

ǰʮƽҲͷĺ˫ۣܿ˯ȥķ˯뵽ƣϧ֮Ȼͷ֮ϣֻȫʹõ˯ȥ 

һ˯ͷƫķѻָ࣬ˡ˹ں׽㡣ֻѩ׵СŲ͸ˮУȫעץȴһҲδ׽ǼʽںҲЩʱˣȴûзͷ 

ķ߹ȥվ󣬼רעһ״㣬ս㶨סæȥץȻץסЦץˣ㻹ܣķˡ 

ץ㻶ϲصһתһͷײķǰһģֱˤغСһҵ㡣̧ͷȴķ磬һſ˲仯Цˣ 

ķ磺šһ㣬۰Ͱ͵С 

ķ΢΢һЦ𡣡ˮǴȻɳ棬䵽ķôҲ벻ơһһԾСȻҲץС 

ۿķе㰵׽һ㣬Ҳû⣬ץ㣬ֻµҲδ 

ķ粻̽ӣں㣬ȡӣ㡣Ƭ̣˱ǡ 

ֻɬҰʱŵ㣬ԽӼ֡лΪסӣɫѿ 

ķһЦһýƵݸ԰ɡ 

ӹҲ˲ߴ˴Խϣʮڼʳº󣬾һˬƣһɨա 

ķ翴ζĳ࣬жѻ˶ıѩһڻ 

ķֻǿԼʳã¿㣬֣ºǾࡣ 

ķֻǶʱЩԻҲ⣬Ҳͷ˵֣Ȼ˵һ㡣ԭʮʹĽǾ᲻٣աѵ˵ЧҲ룬֮㾡¡ 

ԱȻЯغȥѰҳ֮·Զ˸ȦӣԼ֮Զͱڣ޳·£ȣѣȥǾܡ 

ʱʱ֣оĵأ˵˼Ҳް㣬Ψأңͺķ龰Ҳ 



ʮ 

       ˵ķڷȴµص˵кδųڣϢһѰҡ 

ʱܺķһ𣬷ųȥһʱѰڣҲķ֮δȫ˴ˮЧǿɶסգ˺֮Ѱҳ·Ҳ١ 

ķͷԷſ˼˱طֹ꣬ôһľĽ绯ΪСķ֮ദҪѣִӻȡһСС߰ϸϸط첹 

ķߣߣڹлơؿ첹ѵδйҸ֮ӿȫڴʱûѪծûгޣûҪȥѰҵĺ֪ܣֻб˴顣 

첹ѣƽķϣķæԼ 

ķŤ飬ԹΪ󷽺ͷڿɷԸҸ㣿 

ķ֪ԼҲŲԲΪԼԺΪѣһܿ࣬ԺΪ֮¡ 

֪˵ն֮£ʮּ֣ȻʱҲ˲ֻ࣬ϣܺһһһգֻǲ֪κ̸¡ 

ķ𻰣Ϊ벻ٺԼһԼһ𣬶Ӧò˹跨ǰյʤһͬӣҲǺõġ룬ȴסʧ֡ 

ɫֽת䣬֪Լ㲻ػᣬһЦ῿ǰΪԸһ뷨ֻҪܸ㣬кοԣ 

ķϲ˵ö飬ҡֽۡ§סͷ۵ӣȥѹѾõˮ㱩һ֮£Ļȫ§סķ粱ӣɬػӦķϲķӦ֮ԽȡƬֻ̼裬𣬻첻֪رɫ 

Ũ֮ʱߵ⣬˻ȥ¿ֻźɢķ뻳ȡ֮ȴǰ⣬Ҳæȡ⡣ֻߵȫ֮ϡ 

˳ߵ⾹ɱ˺֣ƶҲƶ⽻ķУ˲ʧӰ٣Ҳ֮ʧķ硰סһһֻҲƽʱһ㣬޸ղ 

⣬ȥĿһǺ֣ѵʲô²ɣ 

ķϵҲ˼⡣Խķ񽻻˵֣ķսӹ⣬⸴˶һۣһ˳һƴϿšڶƴϵһ˲䣬˷нתԽԽ࣬󻯳һСС裬ʮ 

˿ͻ澰ϲϷ죬źһ澰ɢ 

֮ķڽ졣ЦĺڽҲʼįҲһš 

ķҲ棬ȡڽѪ˿ڽζѳһ㡣ȡ½ʣһСΰס 

СԽתԽúͣͷһӿ䵽֮ϡʱĺ羵һ࣬ںϱȥһʯ֮ӡһССıǵ״ 

ķס֣ʯڡϸ֮·ʯ֮Сд֮֮š 

Իؿڳ˼ķ磬ʵǺ˼ 

ķɫأ֣ĸָͷСǵĸӰ֮ϣ㽫ַ 

ָµӰ֮ϡ 

ֻ¡֮ϣܱѣһ޴ʯһתһߣ¶һߵĶѨ⣬Ӱ֮ʧ 

˵ķ硣 

ķսֻһӵ£ңȥ 

סķĴֵҺһȥ 

ķҲĽһ˴ڴ˵أͷҪСġ˵ս֣⣬߽ȥöУ˶ʮû˹ 

ķ罫ԼһһС̽ʵʮƽʯ·һ㣬ⶴе·˾˹·һ·бԽԽ͡ͻȻ䣬żⱻ裬޷ǰһʮöڴŶŶ˱Ϊһţ£һĻ֮һ֮£Բﵱһ£ԭǸŻ 

ķסŻػ£һӦȥӦֻ򿪡ķķ磬˼ȣô󸮣ˡ 

˻кϢɤ˵˱飬㣬Я˽ȥ˼ʮֺڰԼֻù̱ǣƺ˾סǰУеһΣһ֮ǰķʹƿˣǰȻ 



ʮ ֮

       ۾ķ磬ķ£ֻ֮ۡԲʯң͸ʵز֮⡣ 

֮һ״ڴιһ´棬ϼּһڴȻϸǴʱԭʯڵһˮԼͭСˮ͸롣 

˫ˮȥֻˮס϶ϺζĿ޾Ȼԭˮףʯ֮˻ټˮ˽ˮǼѵõı 

˼ʱпࣺ⣬⡣ߵĺ֪Ƿгڡ 

عֻзһֻǰеʣϾһ߰׹ǣϷһС 

ķֱȥǺиǡУȵȣ𶯡 

ķ֣һſߵ˵֮лء˼˾ɣ֮࣬ܲ 

ķ簵ϸںиǴһֻǡһиǵಡ֪ǧ룬Ӻ˷俪 

ķӣǰ뾡䡣ϸ뷢ĺڹ⣬Ȼ޶粻ѣԼʱֻ±Щ봩˴⬡ƽճһ亹ա 

óв˲ߵ߲쿴֮ȻгһдֵĵƵľ֮⣬ 

̯ᣬּȻŮֱʡ 

˵н磬ԭ־޺֮Ůòª 

еһһܣ֪ⱦһϬ֮񣬿ɿ֮š 

֮ţɿ֮š䲻֪֮п˵ڵ֮֮ھп 

Ȼ֮űΪ˺һ趫Ϭ֮֮ɿ 

ǡΪ֮ǸǧټѰһϬ֮񣬺ʹж 

ɲ飬丸ѰһĴ֮ˣֳǶϬ֮񡣽֮֮¸֮Լ֮ҪЮ֮£ֻ˵ȢŮһļϡ 

ȢΪޣһͬѰ֮šȻʮӢַԣΪ֮ȢޣܰݶգѰ 

ֹΣǵ֪ѣҹҹ顣ֱ˹쾰ɣһͬǰ 

Ϲ濪֮ţ뵽˼䡣Ľ鱦˿ϲȴִ룬õ鱦ȥػʱռЩ鱦Ժܻÿ뽫ƱռǶ˴֡ 

Ȼ˵ĹҹԷֲʤֻ֮ð֡Э飬ޡ 

룬˼Ҳ޷ּģҲͲͬ簲ϢڶЩ鱦ȥ 

֪˯Уһʹʹѣһ˫㾹뿳ϣŸֵߣմѪʱʹŭֱ 

ʮķޣµ˶֡ 

ѿ˫ţҲԼȡ˱Ϭ֮񣬹Ц 

֪ڶԼ˿壬֮űҪ巽֮ܿԽӲ֪ƿڴŭ˰鱦ȥ 

˺ѪֹѲԶ֮´顣 

˿˿Ǿ߰׹ǣ˫Ͽ˾ǽˡ֣֮Ҳ˿ģԼһַй 

޸˽ģĺҲȷʵɺޡ 

룬ԭءվ˵ڽ˶Ϭ֮񣬿ҾͲö֪ˡѵ˵еڶѶϬ֮ 

֮ŵж٣浽кܣ֮Ϊأķ簵᲻˵йأѵ˵⣿Ȼ˼⣬ϸϸ鿴һ¡ 

ȻѰʯҲг·Ҳ˵鱦ر˳ȥ 

ԭ·أ޳·ɳ룬г·ǣ뵽˼䡣ķȡԣǷ 

Ҳȡ⣬ƴһȻһӡһ⻬ʯڡճԲղһ¡ָԱߡѵһһ 

ǧƽӻ̵ۣæֵסǿҵĽ⡣˺һϰ⡣ӡڵľҵĽ鱦ҵضѷһСɽһ㡣һ޴ֹֻ̨ǽǴа䣬֪װкδ 

˲ŵŴ죬һûϵ˵Ʊ֮ࡣֻһҵĹҲˡ 



ʮ ݳ

       װĴݣһСͭţԱʯһСһСͭŻϻ¶һխ 

˴ϲǳڡеխͷȴ·ߣ·ŵһ鱦ɢһأ鱦԰һá 

ķ罫ϸ쿴һ 

˺ӣԼȴҲܳȥڴˡɻ䣬ɫһ䣺ô˵ûгڣ 

ķڸʯþ޻ֻǵѰ· 

ػԲʯңܲ鿴֮ؾ̽һ飬ջ񡣰ٰ˼ǡɶǰ۹䴦Ϸһǣһδĸ룬ȻǸȴΪ֮ɫ޺ڹⷺ 

ķ硰סһᲦ롣д¡¡졣 

¶һεСݡСзһ黢ƤƤϰһһľɫ٣ҳڣȴˡһصһԼȭͷСɫˮ򣬷״ˮΧض 

˫ĿŹ⣬֮ǰḧŹ١ڰ֮ʣ𣺡뵯͵ɡ 

֪ķʱѾվԡ 

Ѷδܺ࣬˴֮ͨԽࡣδãһЦ 

ǸѰҳˡķԶԹ 

ֿ۹ٷЦá 

䣬ķ糤һٳڻУߡ 

ؿе١ 

ҼûߣٴȥðɡķܿԻ 

Ŀ𣿡ػķ磬Ͻһ裬ֱ֮صҲϵȥ 

ķסĽϸ壬һҡһһȣסĵЦʵطſ 

һߣȥˮϸ壬ǷˮֺҲԡ 

ķԣֹȥȴסֻ⻬С֡һԵ㴫ȫٿΣĿŹ⣬ȴرܣش۾ӭԼ 

ղŹ֮Уڴߡδܾˣ㱻ͻ仯ϣ飬Ļô࣬ȥӣ 

ۼҪһ㷼ˮ򣬻𣬵ǰ߶ȷͣ¡ 

ſ֣ˮתһܣתһܡȪӿһȥмӿһ컨һͷĺˮȴӶӿŤΣ󻯳һԲ״ 

Բд򿪣ɫӿԲܣȴɢȥɾһ㡣γʷ̷ϴ࣬ͬ 

˰ѵǾ˵֮ţ 

˼䣬źһһɫֲ 

ķֽӹżд֣֮ţؾأꡣ 

ɲǼ䣬ữɽɫϸĭڿ֮С 

ˮ򻺻䣬ƽڵ֮ϡխдؿ֮ 

ķ罫ߣխ̽ȥߵխͷͷʯ¶Ұ⾰ɫ 

˴ϲ߳խ۾ǸɫҰҡڡԶϡܿǳصӰ˿Ұ¿ˬ 

ʯѲ֪Ǻʱرգ޷ֺۼûиղһ˭ϵɽ»˾رء粻ǿ٣Ҳỳɣղξ 

ķԶǳعһǰ֪Ǻȥ 

ԶУ಻ϣݡ 

ķȽȥҼҿջϢһ㡣 

ݳ⼸سŵĹٱϵشߴ٣ҪǵģץʱˣҪسˡ 

Żŵӿţȴһ֮ˡոսóţǽϹٱţբšһ˴ŸҴ󺢶ȴ˴֮⡣ 

˼ţɫұ䣬ǹүкãǽȥɡ 

ǽϹٱһˣŲٿˡ 

δڣкãǽȥɡ 

ٱҲǷ£ţûڣѰطŰɡ 

˼ÿţڵϣȻûбȥүкðɡ˵һؿͷֱĵöͷѪǽϹٱ̾⣬ȴӲǲբš 

ķɫ磬ȴΪرճš˰󣬳֮˾ʵĳ 

ŭΪ˶Դգ 

ǽϹٱҲ޿κΣΪڶհȫ롣ǿȥѰطܰɣĻԻῪŷǽ 

ʲôʲôɱܣȫסķӲǲϿţҪԾȥѵһ 

סˣһʶǽǱǡ 

ǽϹٱˣһߵĳǽа취Լͽû¾ͻǿȥɡ 

ķһٽŮ˵㱧ú 

Ǹ˲⣬ԽڻС 

ķһסһץסһţԾȥǸͻȻԼɵУֻŵɫ࣬˫ŵأ˿ 

ǽϹٱҲĿɿڴɼˡ 

ķſˣЯﳤȥ 

ȶԶ˷عŵػͷĳţȻݳڡʱδ˵лźڵϣŶ˵ıӰ˸ͷ



ʮһ 

       ԭҪأ˺̴Ϣзε̼Ҹ˳ӿӿ.Ȼʱݼ̴ҲεֵǼ˻ȥҴҡŴҲǹض࿪١ 

ݣΣַǷΪν 

ķδݣҲʦ˵ɫҲ֪ݱʮַ֮أҲʵ⡣ 

еһ֮⣬˶һ𣬶ǽŵһָָ㣬ͷɫţŮصбؽŰ塣 

ʮ֣ģΪʲôⲻշţһ֮ҲɢȥǰһдһߣƸʿǰȥ̽̽ϢϢߣһ١ܿߣһǧ 

ʵǺߣǰȥ̽ 

ķҲδ˵ߣҡҡͷҵطס£̽һ£ 

˵ͷ 

ʱһͷɢҵŮӺŸҥڽȥҴҶеγǿҶԱȡͻȻһϸ˺һϺţá׷ŮӡŮӻعͷ˿¶ɵЦֺŸҥǰȥϸסãؼˡϺҲסһֻ֣ק 

ǽзõŮѶϵҪȥֿڵ๫ 

ϸסã۰Ͱ͵صˣ㲻Ҫȥˡ 

ŭ˵Ӧһġǵһʿһġ 

ϺŷõԽԽˣۿҪˣؼȥɡ 

Ѷϵľ๫ˣҾ͸һȥ˵ֺŸҥǰȥ 

ûþϸ˼ҪԶæãѾؼˣڼҵء 

һͣüЦػعͷʵ𣿡 

ϸ˵ģôƭ㣿 

һɿ·ȥϺڴϸ˵ϰ飬׷ȥû˳ 

ϸסϰ׷ȥ 

ȥԹ·̾˿ӿŲȥ 

סһŮʵλ㣬׷ʲô£ôţ 

Ůӿ۶˵λİɣ 

˵ͷŮһ㶪ããȻĶ˿ȥˡ 

ķҲЩʣЩ˾ҴĴܣڴˡ 

ֻѰſջȥȻ˿ջǰѴŽա˰ţлػˣѰסɡȴš۶ôкĴ˶Ӧš 

ķ翴ʵõ·ǲǺۣ 

ҡҡͷۡȥû˼ҿǽסһޣ 

ķͷҿţס治ûӦþ˵ˡ˰ٰ㲻⣬Ѱ˼Ÿõ֮ʱһſˣ̽Ǹղ׷ϷõϺϺֵˣ 

æ˹ȥϺÿӵɡ 

æϺлϺȽ 

˸ݣľϹϡķȻضԿһۡϺ˵ɡ 

ݣϸڷõķ˼δɵ·Է˵ѹ·ðɣҪûûϴ 

һĸղķ֮࣬·һһʮ棬г⡣ϸ˳Ϸţϡ 

Ϻ˳򵥵ķ˵λδԹɣƶҲûʲôõдպųԵɡ 

¸мҲƴǡķ뷹ʵ˼մ 

ϺϺշ롣ָָϸ˵ϰ顣Ůá 

ķʵ﷢ʲô£Ϊɫţ 

ϺԼһ·̵İش巢ߣߺͣ˵ֻһ˳ȫǳ֮˵ٽİ׹壬ûϵ׹ҲܿȾߣֻӵ˷壬嵱Ⱦ̫ɽ֮ʱش壬δڱ㿴֮ϣԶԶ̵£㲻壬˳˳ˣǷֻа·̡ҲĻ̡̻ 

ķߣ֪ôģ 

Ϻǲ֪ԭ򣬹Ĺүҽǰȥ̽һȥ޻ءүʿǰ̽һȥ޻ءֽ˿ֻţˣһ㡣 

ĵͷԭˣ£˼ҵȶˣСɸм 

˿ŵķڵӵʵõ๫ȥ˺δ 

Ϻ̾˿õ๫ǺѵĶӣĸȥ磬ԼԿͣ˾ͽ˹ٸ²ٴ󹦣Ϊһʿͷ÷ͶϡǼҲСˣѡ˸ö˳ס˸ոհãδйٲ˵ʿǰ̽һ˵ٲȥˣ֪һȥҲûҲͱóճմˡ 

סĨϸ˵֣ذο 

ķʵ֮ǰ𣿡 

Ϻﻹ˸ȥ֮ΪֲˣҲˣϢɡҲ޶ķ䣬λֻίһˡ 

ϸƽķһƫУȥϢ 

ųĬķǰ壿 

ķߵ£סֵסȥ鿴һ 

סķĴ֣˫һȥһʳѰˣһͬǰ 

ķ粻һ˿Ŀ㲻ȥ 

һüͷ֪Ϊҵģ㲻ֻ֪ߣҲȫġ 

ķһ漴侲Ҳµģܿ 

ģ֪˵棬㡣ֻһŴͷķҲüŴķԼɫһ˯ɣ˻ͺá 

еģջҪ·úúϢ˯ɡ 

ķͻȻһƽʱĮһЦһ˯ɡ 

￩һ£ûعķһѱסڴϣԼҲԱ˯¡һ㣬ķ翴ǺһЦ˯ɡ˵Լȱ۾һ·Ҳˣһͷ΢ĺǰΪԼӡ֮Ҳ￴˯õĸоþû뵽ٴο῿ͷƤغϡ 



ʮ 

       ķԼ˯죬ѩ׵С˯ŵΣ̲סͷǣëһ£æƿ¾뵽ЩŵȺȻ㲻ᣬŲӣŵ˴ϴ 

ķŵһ˲´ķŵʱ򣬺ϴ˰ķȥǰȺķ硣 

ķдһۣţչṦ巽ȥķſ죬û߶ԶԶһϤİɫӰǰ汼ܡһķּգ׷ȥһסܵ꣬סһʱûվȣ˵ 

һ̧ͷӭķ˫ķ֪˵ʲôֻ˵˸~~~ 

ķŭȻһЦֻסķˣ֪Ķһ֧СḧؿڵҲǲϴҵġ 

ķ֪ˣΪҪ 

Ŀһ飬Ƶʲô£֪ܶǷ쳣ôܰĵȺ򣿲߿ţҲĸԸ 

ķһеŭʧӰ٣İסϸֱȥ 

֪ӦԼߣһЦ 

ķ翴Сü´治㡣 

ͷҶײı⣬ԼͻȥǴĲ룬ʵʵΪá 

һʱһ紵мŵĸķ֪彫Ϸ֮ſ°ڴ鲼һѱӺϡԼһԼϣͻȻŵһѪ֮ζаԣ֮帯ãҲȻλѪ֮ζһ˿Ի󣬰Խ䱸ɺǣһСĵصͷ 

ķסԾ·֣ǰڽԽǰߣζѪζȤأ˿ڱǣŵԼ·̣·һʯţ塣֪֡˵ͷȥֻڶ࣬ȴΣȻһׯȻʱȴһƬţް 

˽˸񣬳֣ׯͻȻ·һת뵽ڣӻ˻ΣһûιȥķҲǰ龰һæԼ§ڻУĴԱ⡣ԭתУһۿľǲģ֧ʬ飬˵ģҲڵģѪģػϱѪǣѪ̣رɺں֮ɫʬѴ˺ҧ 

˵Щ˺ôʳܳԵ֮ʬ壬ǽдҰޣķϸ԰ȴ֮Ұ޲֮ܶҰޣķ米һ䣬еʳʬ֡˴ɱֻ׶༪٣ͷˮĿаڣ治ˡв͵Լڴˡ 

ķϱ仯ؿԼ 

ķɫᶨҲһ¡һҵ˲ƽ¿ 

԰ɫȴ쳣ƽá 

ķ§øһҲ뿪ԼֳС˴ׯȻнݣЩ֫ϱȴˡ˵ӦδҵʬˡЩŴգԿΡķһǰľϸδһ˿ὫƿŴգȴһƬķվſڣӦ˺ڰ￴ȥֻһڣмվֻżתһӣؾ̫ڣСķ簵ϲԭȻڡҪкѶſָָ档ķ˳ָȥֻԶһ˽һ߻һĶ 

ķΣſ˿˱ȥ˼뿪ſڣ˿߽Ҫ 

ķ罫˴һԼʮ꣬ŲأǲṦ򡣵ôҲǸˣڴׯҹһܵСǰ濴ȥһ䴢ҡȴڰɽ֮ϣС徰۵ס 



ʮ Ƕ

       СݣСÿһһԲͲȴ֪ôһ׷۾һԲͲ֮ϡ 

ǽˣֱϷţ˿һ¾ɵ֮ϡ 

ķſȭСķ磬ա 

˽۾ԲͲƿתķ磬Ӥѩ׵Ĵϵǰ˽ķϸϸһһ˿ȣһ˿ϲõҲҲ 

ķ粻ؿˡųӵ˼ҽұϷӡ 

ķ硰һٴαȭԭǶǰʦ˵˼ǷǶǰɡ 

˵ЦЦʦˣ 

ķ繧ʦӣ¥ 

ǶҡͷԵֲأ˵˭̳ܵԭ¥С 

һֱýģʱǶǳ¥ΪСһЦķҲЦؾԼʦֻǿ̣Ц۹תˣδʻѾȵҽаϣǶǰȡ 

ķ壬ʵ˴з£ 

Ƕɫһħ 

ķһԼϣ಻֮ʵΪǵ֮ʱδһħݹʷ̽Ϊʲôһȥ 

ǶǵЩĲʱ򡣡 

ķʵ˻ 

Ƕ̾˿ǵ֮ʱҹδһоͱ߶Ⱦеĳ֮еı 

ķԽԽӲ˴йߣ޶٣ǰϸϸ˵ 

Ƕǵ߶ţЩʬȫ߶ĴԴһ̫ɽɢֻҪճ⡣ߵʳǿ߲컯ΪԽԽ࣬ʳԽԽ٣Ͳٽׯչ⸽ׯϴ١̫֮ǰһ̣Щؼ߶Ҳɢȥ 

ķüͷֱ壬ʵЩδ 

ղҲסǣֻѾˡ 

ķ˸ս˵ղЩ˾ 

ͷЩȫ 

Ϊʲôȴƽ£Ϊû 

Ƕǵ˴ǳܣδҵ⸽ɻ߶ǳȫ 

ΪβЩ߶ 

ƲǴֻûֻ˶ˡ 

һ죬ʵ˵̫ƽΪǲ뿪أ 

Ƕǵ뿪ȥĶչѸ٣ֻò˼ݽٹЩȥݣꡣڴ˺úоƽ֮ 

ķʵǰ뵽ƽ֮ 

Ƕǵ뵽һֻǲ֪ɷеͨҲʩչ 

ķɫǰģܿڣǡ 

ǶźЦá 

ķʵЩ²ǰ֪ǵ˴Уʩȣ 

ǶǹһЦߵЩԲͲ֮ǹ 

ķߵԲͲ֮ǰȥ治ѣЩԲͲԿ˷ÿԲͲ֮ķ֮ϾԲԲֿɿΣЩԲͲֿƶһɡķǶǵǰȻˣȴ֪ǰ˵ƽ֮Ϊη 

Ƕߵ߶˵£˵ 

ķ磬ߵߣΧ¡ 

ǶóһСƿķſ 

˲ƿδսӣŵһŨҵζ¶ʣʲô 

ǶǵҷһԻ߶ҽҶ֦ժ飬뾹߶ʶģʱˤȥѹˣժ֦֦ϴһҺǶʱѣľҲָ֪ϵ߶ˡæȡ֦ϸȻ򡣽߶ĲҶҲ֦ڵҺ塣ΪҰժ֦ضϴҺɿݣҺζ޷ѹŪʬ⵽Ϸ߶߶߶һĻãûʱ䡣ѹ֦ʱµҺѸٻ߶֮ҵԱ 

Ƕ˵˴뵽ʱ龰¡ 

ķҲΪǶǰ˰ѺʵǺأ 

Ƕǽŵ֦ͨȥһϣҺʬ֮ϣʬ˲仯Ũˮܿ챻ˡһ䡣 

ķѰ˼ô˵Һȴ߶Ľҩ˵ҺһһЩʬ֮ϣǿԣһһڱʬϣֻ²̫ܡ 

Ƕǰķ˼ά⣬ֻ»ûεʬϣѱڶʬûˡ 

ѵûɽ𣿡 

Ƕǵ뵽һǽ֭Һװһ֮ڣѰһϣ֭Һ䵽Уˮ֮С 

ֵˣˮܵЩʬϡ 

Ƕǵͷǣ˾ʮΣգֲֻ»δ֭ҺܵʬϣԼѾΪ֮ˡ 

ķһۣµǡ 

ķԥԸһԡ 

Ƕ֮⣬Ҫľȡ֭ҺڰУǰص˴ϲɷκ죬Ŀ쳣вҵ˴ʱδ֣ܲϲ˯ܼж̫һϢͺʼ 



ʮ ʬ

       ˵̫бһĨӴǰɨǶǼеشæŴϡͬʱ۾յЩԲͲ֮ϣ̫ոʧϵĲ֫ɢɫиݷŴ򿪣ӿһ彩ӲƬ̼Ѽӡķûϵ֮ʬ⡣ЩʬƤӲѣɫڣһһߣƻһطƶһطõʱ䣬ֻṦҲδġ 

ЩʬĴѰңѰʳҲδҵʳԹȥʳϵĲʬԴ˿ȵϵĲʬʳֻ֮¾ͻ𴦷չˡ 

ͻȻһ˵ʲô 

ķȥֻվӣǿǰ֮̽ˣһδӦֻЩʬͣסʳʬһӡӱһӵϣǼΧס 

ķսгǶһס嶯ȥҲֻǶһ˻ǼѾˡ 

ʱòǿ 

ķԲͲֻУͻȻȥʬ̳ǰȥʳʣŵĿɿڴɲǼ䣬һһͻȻУҵ֣¶֮ɫϺƤܿɿݹѡȫƤѺеĿ־⣬ҲʳС 

۾βŷſ֣ٴδյԲͲ֮ϡ 

ķڴĮʱһĻ򶨣ȥȥҲͼʮ֣Ҵɢһȥɰǧһ˴״ȴ״οȹ֮й֮޲ 

˽Щʬ˿иʬڴĴεһ̤ڣǱ˴Լõһ㡣żҲЩʬСݷÿʱ˱ϢҲҳЩʬƺϲСݸζܿοȥˡ 

һ⣬Щʬȿֺӿȥմš˲ƣиȥ˯ϢһѰΪ֭ҺŨҵζԴҽϲѰһȡ㹻֭ڶָŷľѻ׼ϡ 

Ƕǲ÷򣬽˳ֻ֮졣ܺ÷գ̫ƫæصСݣŵȴЩꡣ 

ƫƫһرˣЩʧֲѡæյԲͲϣʬǲ֪Ϊζ໽СǶҲ֣۲ЩʬжգȴδΡķ翴գѵһҹڰʱ򣬻һʱˣЩʬδֹͣ໽С֮ʱԶ໽УƺЩʬӦȻ⸽ʬ㡣ʱʬֹͣ໽УԶ໽ԽԽת۱㵽˺ڡʬԶ߷ֿóһֻĸߴʬӵһСǳǳʵġˡںڳ֡Ǹˡʬóĵ·ߵߴתϵƤѣɫ󰵵ɿƤһ㣬䣬磬һɭᡣ 

ʬΧߣȻ¹򣬿˸ͷվ˽˸񣬾룺ѵͷĿ 

߽ףͷĿĸӵ½һ䷿ݣʬŷ׷ӿݡ 

ֲĸоǶǵǰ֮ο 

Ƕźӣ۵ֻд·ˡͷͬСɣҪСģû֮ǰ򲻿ɱ¶١ 

һֱͷ˼ķʱͷĿˣ᲻𴦷չ 

ǶǵҲĵģڲ֪ͼҲжϢþ񡣡 

ˣҲͷͷϢȥˡ 



ʮ Һ

       ǶǴԾȥ˼ǶɫţȴţػжԲߣȥһʮܱסĹ֮ǰһڡķȺ룬Ƕǹغšķ˲ϵпգȻΣǽһԲηݡҲװż֧ԲͲԹۿ龰ķȥԶǰճȡ֭֮ţȻжŨҵζ 

ͷ䣬ÿӳšʱʬͷĿʬӿһȴǰŰһֱͬԼһƬ̼ȴˡͷĿĴͷţζڸ£δܷǵ١ͷĿһ֧֣һӣЩʬ̷ֳɼĴѰȥˡͷĿԲĵĴ˰ηڡһ໣ʬܿؾͷĿߡͷĿʬȥ 

˴ڣͷĿͣعʬֻЩʬһһѵطֿңȴȻطֳһһӡ 

ķ罹صǰҪ뿪壬𴦷չˣǺã 

ֽ֮ȫ٣þ跨ǡ 

ǶҲýͷöضɲƽҲԴԳ֣ʱȴ뱬ͷҲδԲߡ 

ԲͲ֮ϣֹҪˡ 

֪Ƕǣķһ¶ϲ֮ɫԲͲ֮ǰȻƴһ߹һߣܿ콫ûˡꡱһһ紩ܵƣнŷ¡¡һεοҶϰȰ졣 

ǶϲҲҲ 

ɫ仯ּճճյķ硣ķ΢΢һЦһᶨֽСҲüᶨҲķ˵ͷʲôһ㡣 

ķſС֣Ƕǵǰ׼ˡ 

Ƕȫεǧ˵Ϳˡɹġ 

ƺףķҪȥֹʬæҲȥ 

ǶǵȥʮΣգҲʮְա 

국һЦСţڣο粻Ϊ˾ңλҲڴվ֮Сܾ΢֮кξ塣 

ķķֵܣһȥ 

Ƕ֮ɫãշвϤһһҪСġ 

ķ罫гĿһۡţɱȥҲʹ 

˸ո뿪ıȦʬͷĿһ壬ķԶԶӰһ𣬴ʬӿ 

˼ʬǷӿԭʹű֮ģʮ򶨡װ֭ľ޹޼ܵһϡһװϴʯͷǷһ־൱Եϼһƽ̨ƽ̨ϷϾ޹޺ʯͷҪ˾ͷһεĵһ㡣 

תۣʬѵ˲Զ֮ס׼ʹȫ䣬ķһͬʱ֣Ǿ޹зȥʱʬѵǰħצץ类ץУƬ̵ɽ˺÷顣ķ粦ڽʬɨȥǰŵʬʱնȴȥڵʬʼϲǰ֮Ի˽϶֮ʱæԾһǰͬ䣬׼ľ޹ޣһ֣ʯװ֭ľ޹ޡ 

ʱʬͷĿǰץסǰ浲סСʬһСʬԶԶһյ֮ϣҲ˲㵽˶ǰķץȥķڽһȥͷĿƺԺڽΪ˼ɣܿڽץȥһ̳ͦȴ̵һƤһ㣬ֱʬͷĿûиоһǰץۼҪץæԾͷĿֱϺֱѿһָĿӣֱȴѸϡͷĿֻǶķĺڽ˶ԷĽȴǣʲͣش̴ͣϡڶʱδͷĿ£ʬϵ÷ӿϣӦʬҲʮֳ 

ķͷˣľ֪ʱʬ˺÷顣 



ʮ ߶

       ڽҪͷд顱һʯ˾޹֮ϣ޹ޱ÷飬֭ɢ 

֭ˮʬͷ¡һʱʬҽϣĴʬ֭ѸٻŨˮܵʬͷڵϴУǼΪʹࡣδܵģ˫ŽڴˮˮҲ⣬ܿҲʹعڵء 

Ƭֻ̼ķ磬ǸͷĿվš˼ʬΧԽӷſֽһͷĿ 

֪ʱǶǺվǲԶ󣬽еҪ 

һԾʬͷĿ˫ͻȻī֮ɫȫīɫЩʬϷһ㣬ԽԽŨɢ 

ǶǶʬͷĿµ߶Сģ룬̳ˡ 

ɫһһˣ֮ǰһж׷ˣ 

Ƕ̾˿û뵽ԲߣҲֻǶǼԺ󷴶ǣˡ 

ķһֱûʬͷĿתҪֹǰǸװ֭Сƿң𣿡 

Ƕǿ˿ķʵҪô 

ķǰĶ 

ʬͷĿȥȻǰֻбһ 

ǶΪ˼ˣҲʮնʵʤ㡣 

ķֻһˡôˣԺ֪ж˻֡ 

ǶǵͷȡСƿķ硣ķȡºڽʣСĵڻУ֭ڽϡʬͷĿȥ 

˾ĶҪγѪ֪ѾΪԼĶŮ˽ڶշΣֻúҧ촽һ 

ǰһҺһȥ 

ķס±ǰ 

꿴˿ǶǺ˵㡣 

ķǰ߳ķ˽⣬ڽѪ˿ζ⡣ķ絥ڵһʬͷĿȥ 

ʬͷĿķĿ׹Ȼް˻ɱңֱǳΡ󣬾ȥ 

˵䣬ڽشʬͷĿ¶֮ɫԭΪһ޷˵ԼӲķһķԼȴǲҲزΪԼãӲǲܲáûϵѺڽȴͨԼǰֱ֮ϵֱ֭ճȾԼĲ֮ϡ 

ķڽԾԼƤѽӲֻнˮе˫糣ķסʬͷĿСɢȥʧӰ١ˮ˫ſʼܻһڽڰȥճˮ֮ѸܻͷƤӰ١ 

Ƕǣͷ˼ȥͷĿĻϲҪķȥķ籩ȵ˶Ȼķ罩Ƕǲ⡣Ƕǿ˰εѵķ߶ 

һĹķȽУܵķߣƤȻʼɿݽӲҲ̲ססӲ壬ޣΪʲôӢֻۣߵԶԶģƽǶǺͷ״ҲȻ 

ķԼû˱ԣҲˮȥҲñ˺ˡ뵽ˣ˯ڵأõϵˮϴԼ֪ԭӲӱˮһ壬˺ѰʹۡˮŵƤָֻ֪ķϲѵˮԽ߶ڵϹˮճȫƤ 

ķˣ֪ʮʹ࣬ǰסǶһסؿǶǣһֱķ磬ֽ۹ķϡķվȻһʪ͸ȴָķɡϲ˵ķ绳С 

ķ糯ЦЦģûˡ 

ǶǺͷǣæſķ磬ϷΡ 

ķǶǵǰ˴֭ˮὫ˻ȥɽ߶ȥǷ˽ȥ߶ѡ 

ǶűˮʪĴӵá 

˶˯ڵصʬһһ鿴ȴָƤѻָֻ˯֮Уܶʱ̫һʱδָܻ 

ʱһ΢еǰ 

Ѱȥȴǰתѣֻʮæȥ𡣲һϵһһתѡ֮ȴֻǵôׯתۼ㱻Լʳʳʬ֮ȫǵá׻ѣѰģΪ֣֮һвǷҲָлؼҡ 

ͻȻ뵽ʲôķ˵Щʲôķλףûһйģ 

䣬һߴվҾǹ壬֪֪ҵ֣ 

һϲ㻹ţ̫ˡؼҰɣһֱڵ㡣 

һʵϵӣɺã 

ǳ㡣Žõ˵һ顣 

˵ΪԼյߣɵҲסϷɻؼС 

ķס߰ɣһи⣬Ҳȥˡ 

ԣ˵ͷ 

д񽫲Ǵ֮˷ֱԼУȻԻؼңһָֻ 

ǶǶķ磬꣬ҹȥ׹Ͱش壬һ߶ 

Ӧãװ˼޴֭ˮŴǿ׳˼ԭ׹ͰشĴ񣬱׹Ͱشȥ 



ʮ ͭ

       һ˺ƺƵڰ׹ڣ׹ڹȻһƬѪȲ࣬޹졣 

ķڷѾΪ⡣ͻ˲࣬ëȻ뵽ԼвǰҲģðһ亹˸¡ 

Ҳ£ˮڲʬ֮ϣѰɨѽ澡ɨ˶ð£ʱׯѱɾȻӷ巵Ĵ֮٣һƬţĴҲԸڴ˾סշٵСҲʹ˻ķˡ 

ðشҲ㣬Ҫȥʬ֮ʱһݽתһðŮŮڲʬ䴩⣬ѰͻȻڵѰһùͷҪ͡ 

ǶǾеԲá 

Ů̧ͷһۣԽͷСͷճʬԵУֻҲѾˡ 

˾֮ʱһһֻͷһڵϡӰһǰһ 

ǰһѼŮķǰ󷵻أŸղŴͷĳķ磬ķллջسͷͷ 

Ӱȡһݸӹ̻ʵؼȫС촽ѣؾˮһʱ̵ȥֱҭ쳤ӡ 

æȡװˮͲݸȵˮԡ 

ʮ֣緢ĵطȻһˣ׷ΧŹۿֻŮԼʮ˾꣬ݹɫƣŧеðŻŧеƿڽ̣ªֻС۴ɵɵȴ¶һֿͰ͵ɫʱˣŴ죬¶һڻ 

ǶҲûϵطлˣϸһȴʵʵǻˡҲ֪ζⳡѵġԱʵʲô֣ 

ǳŮȴͫ׷ŴɳӾе֣߽֡бҪݡ 

æס֪ӣ޷ס 

ǰһ㣬סѨ̧Ƕǰ 

Ƕʵ𣿡ʲô 

ŮǲֻһζĽУ֡ 

ߵǰֶˣҪ¡ʲô֣ 

Ůһͷ 椡 

˼ϸ˵˿Ҫ 

ͷԳ椵ǰش㻹м 

椴ҡҡͷ߶ˡ 

ʲôҲֻһζҡͷˡȥҭҲûŪףǰشˣǺͼһɢˡͳɵټ˾ţԽӲ֪Ȼˡ 

ķΪˡ 

عͷ˵ͷ 

Ŀ⿴ķ磬ɬ˫˲һָֻԭĴ͡һ˲ı仯˷СΣڲԶûиʱ¡һʬտ椡 

뿪󣬳ճɵЦ 

ΪԼԣԼ׽ЦЦЦʲô 

ֺǺһЦϵá 

ʱ˵ȴƸղŰ㷴Ӧٶۣ֣ôϵң 

椴ӻȡһСͭá 

Խ֣ӹСͭͭ㾩õͭͭҲֱһС࣬СģԼʮֿơس˵ľԼСɡͭתֱϵһֻС׺ͭҲһСɫư 

֪ΪΣһ˾;ʮ죬·Լһֱŵ֮С椣⾵𣿡 

椵õġ 

СϤ벻ԼʱйСҵģպðɡ 

ȴջأõġ 

ջأֻԼбܡ 

椼С˿СԿϷ 

ǲ⣺Ϸ 

椵ͷкöСˡ 

гԼòʮֲ⣬ٿ椣ָֻ˴ɵɵӣʣҲֻǳɵɵһЦתͷؿæµķ硣 

ķ磬ķ磬ǸղŴͷˡǸͷˣ˻ġ 

椵ͷԴķ硣 

ˣѵʲôϵʵʶΪʲôܿ 

ҡҡͷϾ¶Ťÿ 

ﰵЦ椴ɵɵҲ֪ķÿǸķһĽз꣬ÿ𣿡 

ȴֱ꣬ӵķÿ 

ƿʧЦķȻ˲ţһնҲӡͭٶ 



ʮ а׺

       СͭԽԽ֣зתͭŰԼ־ֳһС׺ֱϰ׺һ졣̬ɰ̲סһЦ֪а׺ҲһЦ֣˫ۣа׺Ҳ˫ۡ 

⡱һ£׺Ҳë޵ǰӽ亹ֱðʲôа׺ͬŵһСͭڵء 

ͷһֱķ磬Լ쳣δ֡ȥͷ亹ּͭȥС׺ֻǴʱǿ־֮ɫΪʲôתͭӰɫ԰ףж־Լ̬͸ղС׺һģһ 

ֽӷתգȴղӰԼһֻŵС׺ 

ôˣɫô֪ʱķվǰ 

æͭǿװЦû£еˡ 

ķסоǹУǲϷ䣿 

æûУû¡ 

椴ķ߹֮ʱϲ֮ɫֱһֱճϡ 

ķ˼ϣһʱûܲʱһֱԼʮֲ⣬ûкβס 

ꡱһЦ˵ÿһֱ㡣 

Ͻӹķÿ 

ķСǼǹűԼΣδʱֱӳޣֻ֪һնҲЩ̣֪λ֮ʱҲϵĹ˹ɫ԰ףʵΪɫ֮ 

û𻰣ŵվӣͲˡ 

£вˡ 

椼ϣУҿվӣӶˡ 

ķͷʵʲôӣ 

ֻóоӽˡ 

ӹӣ˿ֻϸСҲʲô֮Ů 

ķȴ⾵Ҽ 

ķȴùСֿ벻Ķ 

ΪױʱҲΪ⣬һЦ 

ȴ⾵ǳ椲ŸҵģĶ椣ѵʲôϵ 

ԣղųı仯һմģֻҪķ磬͵˫ĿŹ⣬ѵԼģմаĽ֮ģҲ޿ɺǡɷҰһ 

ͷ 

һЩңܵ⼸յľһŮ˵Ҳȷ̫־ˡ 

ķԣսС֣ȥˣ˰ɡһ˷ЩϢ 

֮ͭ²ûҴɿ˳ӵص˵ͷ 

һڴ˻ѣ˸ɢ͵Ϣһ״Ҳ⡣ 

ķί٣ЩӣڵжɹѲһŮܳܵġȻ˵޴󰭣԰ʹټǶֲãҲЩ֧ȥѰЩɾޱʱǶǣͳϢ 

ķΪ̵ޱ֮Уůůģȴ޷˯ȡͭ¹鿴 

Ȼ£ȴֳһϤİѩɽµһ̡ĿķôһڽԱ߹̨ϣС׺Сͭˣ 

С䡱һ£ǰ׹֮ʱҲֹЩ龰ȳһһײԺһƬзɹͣͰһ׹»ɽɡˮ֪л䡣ԭԼС׺ķǰߡɵûƭңȻ͵ߡֻԼתǰµǵԼʱʧȥǰļ䡣͵͵ĿϢķ磬¶ҸЦֻҪߣǺʲôϵ㲻ǵʲôϵ 

ֻͷ˿椣ллԼָ䡣Լ֪ԼҸˡͭڵʱ䣬ΪʲôڳС 

ֳͭԼĸĸ˻һپҪɽˣǻʲôԸδδ˵ľһ˰ɡĸ׵лȫҷ򸾵ȷһԸδˡټһ¶Ϸͥһ֪ʱϣڷɽǰټһ 

ҡҡͷȥֻ̨ʱ˱ת˽ˡ˲ȵɣзУ˺ããһ棬졣 

׵ѣҲϣټһ棬ȫ 

ץץͷ丸ŮСôѲϵҲ鷳ˣˣˡȥɣˣ¶ķҼ񵽣Ǵȥɡ˵սСͭ׺򸾡 

һ󣬾гһ˷ḧСͭʱĳһŤ˷ҪСͭ棬ų椵ͷ椣õģġ 

˯ĳ椣ԭǵһŮҲҵĽˡֻǲ֪Ϊα˳ճɵɵǿֲ֪ںδ 



ڰʮ   lan  ju

       ôûпԼĸĸ֪Ƿ񻹽ڣţˮѾʪ۾һֻԼһ֪һиߴңֲ֪ܲܽܣϾԼһ᲻ʲôرķ磬뵽ġ 

һ޴ʺţϵĳԺ澵ӣ֪ʲôζľӣҲ˯ˣ̫ˡ 

ڶһۣͿѾǰȥﻹ澵ӡ 

ķߵǰ˵ 

˵ͷ 

˹ιȷ׼°ɣϾҪ·ˡ 

ȷ磺õģҲȥ׼£Ҫ뿪ӣǻһκܳ·Ҫߡ 

ǵ˵ͷǰôôԼȷ磬Ĳ֪˵Щʲô 

ͻȻ椽ӷǰ㣬㣬ôˣ 

˶˹ȥΪ˵ʲôˡ 

ҲæܹȥҪ澵ӡ 

һʵŵ˴ңһһģһǺһβͣ˶Ŀɿڴ 

ȷ磺ȻһСĵ㡣 

ʱͻȻҶͷתĪ 

ȷ磺ôˣҪ£ 

ҾǸꡣͻȻ˳ 

˶һˣû˵ֻгߴߴ 

˵𣿡ڿˡ 

˶˵㣬ʱǳ˵ͷʲôء 

ϸĸｲԵɣ֪һʱѾȥˣĹҲˡ 

ȷҲ֪ˣʲô֪ˡ 

ĬĬû˵ 

ͻȻ˺ֵǹӣǵǵΣա 

ԭĵﱻ˫˫ڵϣԱ˹Ц 

ȷ߹һǹȣǹȣطǹȡ 

ȿһ־ۼĵطΣ֡ 

ȷ磺㲻ҪˣѾˣûʲôģԶ 

Ҷͬǵġ 

ѾҶ̫ˡ 

ˣҪˣ֮ʣҪϿϵȣĵ 

˵ͷİȫҪġ 

һˣ˹ȣ˳Ľĵ 

ôžˡ 

ȷ翴һкǸˣϾԼĹϵҲ΢ 

ʱһ죬һȥˣȷ磬ճΪһǿߡ
---------------------------ûϴ֮ݽ--------------------------------
Ϊ(www.i7wu.cn)ûϴڱվĴ洢ռ䣬վֻṩTXTȫ洢ԼطƷ֮Ȩ뱾վκιϵ