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1
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ѩ忴15ǰԼӡΪһŮˣΪħʦĻᡣ
һĸߴ󣬴Ż²߽԰ŮȥһЦ˧죬ôô簡
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3 ʷ

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˴100ңͷȫףüëȴǺɫġϲƣܴ飬Ȼü˫ɫ۾ȴž⣬Եй
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˧캩𣺡ҽ˧졣
ǣһͦȤ֡˵ԸΪʦ𣿡



4 ħ

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ҡҡͷԲҽĲħ
˧Щ⣺ʲô
˻ش𣺡ϵ
˧ᵽ֪ĵߣħ˭Ǻʵħ˭Щ
˻ش𲻳ǣһʷʧйء
֪½˵ӵħ֤Ǿħǣ׵ʵɴǱˮ棬Ϊ飬뾫磬֮ܿҴʵ۵İϷ
ʵۼƻ¶ҹߡӦӦӵɫķΪս壬ټһʦͬϣ֮ۼħʦʦ£Ա֤ħ
ǧĿûа׷ѣоһּΪֻ߳ʳߵ
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ȷ˵һ-۷ᣬӦʮʮ꣨鹲ʮ꣩˫һʤڶĿںţʤӮĹ۷
꣬ʵ뾫֮μ˵һ-۷ᣨ˳Ƶħ۷ᣩ֮λħλܳġӵ߽бƴ
һʵǷƽбʿԱǿӦħҪģ峡ֻͽˡʵۼħʦһվعɾ뿪ʱ򣬾֮Ҫǧ֮ٱһ
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һǧ겢̣ħʦİþоħǧ֮ټڶħʦۡоһֻɵħħڵıϵħ
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ǧȥǿİ˿߽⣬ƽˮ棬̳иҵʮһֻýĿתƽ
ʷǰȥƽ밲ҽ˵ƽĹɵϣҲ˽⣬һԸ˶ϡ




5 

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ǣûб֮ǰƽǩЭ顣ǩǣһʤڶΪּһ۷ᡣ˭˭Ӯ߶ʤ߳ƳȨҪٱȡ⣬ʤ߽Ϊ½ס
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6 Ů

       Ϊѧϰ˧û뿪ƬԭҰһص飬ûһ֣ȫһЩͼ˧ǣͼȻܴܶӻ滭ĺʱ໹ŵ
˧츳رǿרĺºԡأѧŸ
ѧúܿ죬ѧĺ˼һ죬۾𡶻ǣԶŵ鰡չͳɫϻò޶֮꣬ȥϴڸ֪ġɣ
ո꣬ϵĲȼȰȰȵȼ󣬵ϵʯ糤˳򣬴ӵڷΧ
δ۾ȴܸ֪Χʯͷ˰ͷɢڵءϵҰճɻҽȻ޷ָ
۾ʧһָֻһһĿȴûʧ˷ܼˣԭǿ
ոһһЩˣһƺɹ
ִ̫ۡҪǽӽƻ裬Ųôºأ
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ͬһȥûп壬һĺ˷ܼˣ룺治кöˡ
ž˧ĽǸںеЩԼŪ壬˾Ͳᱻ棬罫߾ȳԷл˵ɱ
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˧ЦЦ㳤ûƯ
ŮûΪĹάеˣһ£쵰ٸȢЦɵõԴ
û뵽λôף ˧ɦɦͷεԲ㣬С֪ˡˣˣΪʲô
ŮûشЩ쿾Ľ𼦰ɣò֪̫࣡
һƢôֵˣһʱ֮ ˧첻֪ôźãֻרĿˡ
Ұһ֣ȫʻƽɫԳ֮Ϊ𼦡˧֪𼦺Ӫζѣ⼸һ˰ֻ𼦡ֻڿĽ󣬿㡣
಻ϾתĽ⣬ӽƤͽӴ󲻶ϴȰȰȵȼ˧ĿˮˡһֻۣϣýܹŮŵĹϵǣû뵽𼦲ûá
ڿˣ磬žԡĽ𼦵ݸŮ˧΢΢һЦ㣬㣬Ӧö˰ɣȳ԰ɣ
ŽµŮ˿ŻƵĻ⣬ŷǰкú˧Ϊˣ࿴ۡ
㣬Űɣ𼦵ζͦûгԹ𼦵ĻôҪˡ
Ůӹ𼦾ȲɸոտĽ𼦻쾣һŮ쾵ý̽ȥĽ˳
˧һɵЦ㣬òļû˵𼦳ԣ
Ůߵ£




7 ã

       ˧սĿŮµιСӣûгԵģ
æڿĽ𼦵ݸЦЦ㡣
Ů˧ҳϴˣ壬ĲһҪڴòǲеġҪԼܵ׷ɱߵ̫ĻͲ壬Ҳ˵ȣҪԭԼ
˧ӹĽ⣬̫ˣܿͽһֻˡ          
̻ŵĺ¹˧ֻ۾þյƣ˳ԵĶһ˸ˡ̫ˣĶӹ˼òЦһ¡ȻŮȻûгԵģ
˧εԲûˡ
¹˧ûԹ
ȫ𡪡˧롣
˵һûϵҲֻҪԱˡ
һ¹գ˧һֺĸоΪѪħ̵Ľͽ￴ֻѪ ˧кȷ̫ˡҲֻҪڴҵõ½Ͼɵˣ
һʱ֮䣬˧˺棬һ䣺ˣʲô֣
˧΢Цҽ˧졣
¹ҲЦЦǵһ˧ĸأĸĸ˭
˧ħˣħڳûмˣײ֪ĸ˭
ҴûмԼĸĸѩȡġѩϣҳܹΪ˧㽫ȡΪ˧졣һѩ뿪ǣϣܵ½ϴһҵΪЧ
Ůͬʵĸĸȥˣǲˣ
˧첻֪λش𣬾ȼյ𣬺ʲô
˵ڵشأ
˧ã3ǰҴѩĹ԰ҡ֮ҲһЩģļ䡣Ҹĸ˭ںηҲ
Ů۲ɵ˼ǲͯ굽׷ʲô£
˧ͷѩ˵ҿܴܹ𵴣ʧȥ˼䣬ܾûͯ꣬һһˡ
ŮЦǸɵɵһǴ˰ôߴ󣬴Ķ񲻰ĥ
˧ҲЦˣЦú㯡
ҹ
Ů˯£˧ȴ޷ߣǺӣҹڶˡ
һԶŵ鰡չͳɫϻò޶֮꣬ȥϴڸ֪ġɣ
˫һ⣬زԴǵӴСĽŴһƣǵͻȻƣʣŽɻطɶһ̻𣬱䡣
ͬǵһһһȫͬЧ˧ԡԽԽ⣬ΪַԼ޴ĳɹ
޷֪Լĸĸ˭ȴԼĸĸӦûšȻ֪ԼǸħˣһӵڳħˣ
һѾȫգϣյڶǣǿڰɣ磬չʾԼܣԴԴϨתɣĽ߽֯Ǿڡƣ
ԭΪһ޷ԤƵ󣬿ϣʲôûзȼգɴŮڰ˯
˧źŮľƯʵϻͦľһӵŮӦüƯӦͦᣬǣòƢȫ෴
˧̫ˣΪûгԶֻٲ˯ֻĳͽ֡ǣֻǺӣңһЩδ֪
ʱһǻƳգ¡˧΢΢һЦ룺ʦ˵ǲһǣܿһƬ½һˡʦҲ½˰ɣ
عڶʡɫƲ͸ããԭҰ֮ϡһ粻ϴӲݵԭҰ磬һֽӲݵӣ衭
˧첢û˯ãŮʹ˻ѺŰ˵Ůֻʹţͷðź
ŮĽųһźܴ׿飬ѪۼѪ׿ýЬӱ˳ö˵׳ôĿ״˭ܣ˧ʮֳԾ֪һŽһȺܻܿзϵκ˫ȶȱ١
˧ѩԣԹ𼦡ҰȻزҲзãǾ˿ڵһԶ˽⣬˿ϵͻأҹɺһ㡣
ߵŮĸǰ̵㣬һ̣СܸһȣٸȥŪҩ
ŮҲûк˧콫̧˧İ£ŮȲԺһЩ˧֪Լֻʹûвҩβλȵģǵ㣬ȵȣȥҳ˼ݣһ㽫κá



8 ԭҰŮ

       ˼˿ڵѲҩҪˮҩ˼ʳζرֹ࣬ʹЧϴ״
2·ңһСϪϪˮ겻ر峺һۼס˧ˮԡͿСϪͲһͲˮԭҰ
˧ԶԶ߹Ů΢΢Цˣ˧һ߽һӰ
˧߽µ˧죬ǲ͵ˣôôòŻ
˧һЦ㣬Ѿˡ˳˼ݺֵȥ۽ݣõֲҩȥСϪߴһͲˮЩ£ôõʱ䡣
ˣҵĽŰɣ
˧ȼһѻ𣬽Ͳˮֳݣһ˼ݣһݡȣǳݣֲݾкֹʹЧʳֹʹȻý󣻲˼ݣֱýҲκĽţܵ涣ҧĹʹָоһܲ˵ġ
ܿ죬ŨĲҩζһŪҩ˧һ߶λˣϸôãûķأķǣ
Ůһ۵Ҷʹˣ㻹ͬ㽫ҵκ˵
˧ģٹӣϵʹлʧһὫȫκõġ
ŮЦʵҽָôأ뿪ֻ޻
˧ֹۣǺһЦ仰ɲԣδꡣֻҪõˣֿ֮ϣġ
Ů룬ЦЦðɣҲϼˡ
ҽ˧죬вϼһ죬һϼͦԵֵŶ
ϼ˵ϷԼüСӣҵϷңҷǽѵ㲻ɣ
˧Ц㣬ˣҲûеϷ㣬СֻǸ㿪Ц㲻ϲĻСٲЦǣ
ϼϲ˧ԸѪħ̣ʵɵˡܶ˧кøУҲ¶Ѫħͽһߵ硣
ϼԻһЩˣøʶ
ˮ˧ֽ񶴴֦Ͳˮţڵҩ¶Ȼܸߡˮµһ˧ŽͲǴ򿪣ŨŨҩ㴫˳
ŵҩĲϼ˷ܵҸȰɣ
֪֮ҩζˣ롣
֮ǰ͵ҿ˵ˣҩףûȫ꣬򣬵ýҩˮϣͻо涣ҧһܡ
ϼͷ˺ˣôʲô
˧콫ҩݸͲҲûпǣպȥҩ䵽˧ϣŪˮ
ʲô˧콫ϵˮȥ˵ѺȣӦһٺһ㣬Ȱ׿ˮһ
ôȾôȣƨ¡ϼһ㺦ġ
˧˵ֻû˻ԴЦҵùɣ
ߣʲô˼
˧˵ʲôҲûãģβ㣻Ȼ㳤ƯȱһȵĻҲûм˸Ҫ㡣
㡪ϼϣӾȻҶ죡
˧òһζãô롣ȻҩŪֱֻýҩˡĽŷ׺أʱƣһзϡ
ʲôϼһô𣿡
˧첻мûôԼɹɣһٺõҩβ㡣ҽ˵ǰͷβ㡣
쵰㵹ˡ
û취ô˵ġ
ˣ쵰ʱģɣٴʹҶסֻҪǸĳ˼ҩС
˧룬ûԹζȻ˵ⷭ
ҩˡ˧콫ͲӻȡŵϣԱȴЩţߵϼȱߣ̧ľ֦ȡϼԵúܰһߡ
˧콫ͲȻ̽̽ҩ¶ȣоʱſʼҩϵ棬ǵһҲԵñ׾ӣͽŮĽŲ˸顣
ЦЦ㶨ڿԷˣѾýˮȡ
ϼ֣Ϊʲôһ㷴Ӧûأ˧첻˵涣ҧ֮
Ϊ˧ˣбһ۵û뵽쵰ƭˡ
˧췴ʣô
ϼ㲻˵ҩܲôһоҲûأ
˧ٹ֪ˡ
ϼ˵ʱзӦˡ״һϰϰĸоȻһֶڽŵʱʱŵꡣģָоԽԽǿңŵ׵ĹֶԽԽ࣬鲼ŵס
ʼ类ɦЦţûһЦˡüͷʼϵֳʹýгţڵϹ˻š
˧죬ҰҰϼ˧˧첢ûΨһİ취ֻнȥǣ˧ûдŮˣһʱ֮²֣˼룬Ϊ˲òϼʹȥ֡
һƻڲϼͷϣһ󣬰           
ҰϣգƽһЩ



9 Ѫħ

       ʱѵա
ѱ˧죬ڿ⡣Ż⣬˧ӡ쵰ڿ𼦡롣
ѹ˧콫ոտݸ
ɣһˣ԰ɣ
ϼΪǽ𼦣ûнӣǵҲŲĵأ쵰ͻẦң
˧ЦЦòŵģⲻǽ𼦣һֻͨС񣬲ġ
һûгԶҲˡһŶӵֵܵʳջӹ⣬˧첻ԣʵأֶӣ
˧һָϵĽëǲǱЩ
ϼһ۵ԭ㱳һ˳һֻ𼦡
˧ЦŽ͵ǧңڻܳԽ𼦡Ϊ˽˿ڷ׵ģٳԽĻȿҪзˡ
ϼΪʲôҲܳԽأ
˧ȻǲƷ˵˾Բ
ϼŭȻΪʲô˵
˧ǺһЦԲһʱû⡣
쵰ҡ
󣬲ϼĽȬˡ
ϦµĲݵϣϼį֮СȻѺãûȥѪħ̸ΪѪħͽûԭ򣬰ʱ䲻̻ͬȡϵӱܵĻΪѪħ̵ͽܵѪħ̵Ĵ
˵ϼһܿŮҲͬŮһһְƽϧûиᡣ6꣬ĸ˫7ʱΨһ-ˤֻװѸߵĶʯ¡һ쵰ƭǱ֮һˡ֮ÿһͶȭߣܵ޷ġ
Ȼˣ˼Ұ3꣬ϰ˵ȭߡܴ10Ͷȡˣ֮ܵߴҲڽ١ʱãͶԡʵϣٴٻȡˣڶԷҲֻһµŮ
ǹ¶ͨȻֻ10꣬ϼζڳɳ˷չԽԽۻԽԽƯ
˸ӹϵã֮ȢΪҾУȢԵõһʲƲȻԴǮ֮󣬾͸Ͼ޵̬ҲΪı䡣رãһ֮ڿܶ˵ϼ仰
˼ϼԽԽƯԽԽãȻ̬ȵĸı䣬ûϼĲɣΪԼֺãܵ˵ϿɡֱһϣͻȻķ䣬һ˹סصѹһ֪˵Ŀġ
һҹҪ˵Ӽʱ룬ɷ򣬲ϼܾ޴衣
ҲǸ꽻ӵҹΪ˱Ů࣬ϼ뿪˵ļң̤֮·
ܹŵŮŶñӳ˼֮ϵŪãϴ˿Ư
˵ʶһȺ죬ͬ˳죬͵ǹƭӡһ꣬ˣҲųߣ˵ѪħǾͬͶ˽̡
Ѫħǿ½ʮأû˵зֶ棬Ҳ֪ʥ̳ںηϼͬ飬ħĴѰңûн
ֻ÷Ѱң¸ϱУڽƭһ죬Ǿƭϣһҹӣ˴һͦĽװһѽ˿ȣ·ʱϲ̧ͷ߻ûбڡԲϼõ
ǣϼָͬ飬Ƚ˰ȻٰϵĽҡƻƶУһͬӭ򸻼ҹӿһ죬ҹûע⣬鵹ڵءͬӭȥװ˽˳ϵĽҡҹӻøмǣûãҵǮҵĽҡ
ϼͬõһǮȻᵽƹȼɾƵʱһŽ۵ں溰ιվһ¡
ϼͷһİףΪǸҹӵˣܣһվĸǰ
˵סȥ·Ҫӣףǲϼ侲һЦ𣿡
һЦһǺܾãûһ¡
ѵǹĻԱϼ롣
ǹΪάΰһǱĴСﶼлԱڡ͵ǹƭһеģĵ˾ǻӡ ǣȻǻӵģΪʲôץأ
Կϼ˼һЦò£Ҳǻӵģֻǽѡ
ϼǿԸİ˽ѣԲ𣬴壬Ҿ׽ѣƣǲЩ͵¡棬һ֪ǸǮˣǸʲ𡣡
΢ЦǸң̸ϸʲˣѪħͽһƽȡ
ϼͬǰ˾Ѫħͽ
Ѫħͽ
бҪƭ𣿡
̤ЬٴȫѹʱĴѪħ̵䣬û뵽ǻ
ͻȻЦ˺Цʲô
˵һֱѪħ̣ϧûлᡣ
һЦʶңǻûл𣿡
ϼһЦǰ磬һ𵽾ƹݺȾȥ
΢΢һЦѪħȱ˲ţȼѪħ̣ͲǽϵСˡ
ϼѪħ̵ģʱ嶯˷ܣѲڣһ̣ΪͽѪħͽʵдա




10 ӥ

       ӻлָ̬ϼϦһ 
˿̣ͨϦӡߵĲϼϼ͸Ʋ㣬һʹ⣬ڴϣֻƲ֮䣬ʱʱ֣ƺҪ̽İӲݶСߴߴţڻǵӡ
һ̣Ŀ
㣬ʲôأ
زţϼһۣ֪ҾҪ뿪ˡ
ʱ˧޲ߡദ˵ҪӿįСΪ˾á뿪洦ġ
ףˣ㡣ôãһġ
ϼһ۵϶һм𣿡

ϼǸ¶7꿪ʼͲܼͥů
ѹƢô֣롣
뿪׼ȥ
Ѫħ̷ֶ档
Ѫħ̳𣿡
ϼЦҲֻɵϲŻʳ½û˵Ѫħ̵̫ˣˣˣҪϢ
˧첻̫ˡ㣬ЩѩһĮ׽ͬʱҲûйıҪ
ڲݵϣҲûпֱ
º͵ĳ˧ϣԱߵСľϵҶڷ䡣
ڵϵĲϼŮ˯š˧Ŷ̫ĹһԭҰԭҰϵĲӣ΢Ĵ£ҡϸϸӡ
һ𣬲ϼѹɢҵ·Լ˧졣
һ˧죬ˣڰɣ
˧ͷ˿ֵԸԵټ
ϼҲûж˵̫ȥıӰ˧þδ
ֱϼʧ˧תȥŪԵģͻȻнŲո뿪Ĳϼһﱼɫš
ôֻˣ롣
ţϼ3źڽµˣ׷Ųϼ˧첻ɵϣ龰С֪׷ɱϼ
ĪǰһӣΪ׷ɱŻᴳ
ϼٶȺܿ죬ת۾ͱ˧ӭǰȥ㣬ô
쵰㻹ӣɱ˲գۡһ䣬ɿ챼ˡ3˷ɹܿ콫˧ΧȦڣѽˢس󣬶˧졣
˧ŪΪΰΧԼڰΧȦУûк
˶źڽŽɫĲͷŽӰ棬ֻ¶һ˫۾һ͡
һýָ˧
ʲôѩҸʶ˧
㲻Ѫħ̵ˣһ̰ɣ˽һӣ˧졣˧֪˲ƴԼ׼Էһ̹Ծ𣬺˵Ľպôӱ߷ɹ
һ ˧ι磬ΪʲôҪɱҰ
ЦֻҪпѪħ̵ˣҪ
һ䣬һƨϣ߷ֻϼվڸղ˵֮˵ĵطʣĺеһɭȻһ
ϼǲһֱ׷ɱ𣿸㣬ֻ֪䣬ҾԲǡ
һǰһ󽫲ϼΧסǰĺӣǵ㣬ԭȻ֪䣬ֻý׽ȥӥԸа취ƯŮˡ
ǾҪûбץġ
˽һΣͬƺͬʱ֡ϼԾ˵Ľɨ˸աԾڿеĲϼתɨһȣɨˡ֮ʣһ֣ϼƹȥ˶ʱɵ˿С
ȻûڿеĲϼȴһԶް˧֮ЩĽ
ѽͣسϼƮӴţȻûһ֡ˣȻûзϼ߷ɵǸ
ߵ˧󣬾ٽҪʱϼе˧죬Сġ
һڵϣݵСҿϼѣˡһȦ󣬺սƹȥ˧Щ¡ûи˽֣Ҳ似õľ֦
˧ȻħһӦ£ҲõšֻᡶһһôáԸˣȻûлˣ˴
ɣ˰νȥһ˧ͷ˧ͷһƫӶ߲ɫͷһơ˧챻Ⱥˣ˳ּһֵܴľһ˻ӣ׼ƴһƴȻ似Ǻ˵Ķ֡ľȥԷҲ
ûн˵еİһء˵һЦСӣƾ㱾£ҲҸҹУаɣ
˷ɨ˧졣ֻӰ˧챻ӰŪۻңӣѾˡԷһļϣǿƵڵϹ˼ͷڵأоʹ
ս˧ƹʱͬµ飬ʱҪɱСӣһ߰ɣ
ͬһϼѱѽŲӣҶ
齫˧վţ˵Сӣӥʰ㣿
˧ϼǰӽ˧ϼһ𡣰ú˵Ѫ׷ǽ˴طֶ棬Ӧò˰ɣ
ֻҪһ첻ǵͻûɡ



11 

       ڶ
ĳ֪Ĵȼһѻ
һ߿Ұζһ졣˧ͲϼӰţһʯϡ
һţͽĿڲϼزϡ˧ΪĿһа⣬Ųϼ
˴һаЦѪ飬°ӵĺòͦġ
׷ֵһĵŮ˾ˣӲǻüֵҪʲô£ǿɵԴ
Ѫ˵öԣôеģҪԼȻġ
ֻ˵˵ѣλֵܺαص档½ϣĻɫǣʲôŮûʲô
˧λܲ˵ģ
Сӣĳ졣
ֻҪǲŮ˷£ҿԲ졣
һվߵ˧ĸǰ˧ЦЦС֣Żôš˵꣬ȭͷ˧ϻһȭһȭᣬ˧ݡ
׷侲ЩòҪ
һСӾͻġ׷
˧عЦҪ㲻ǰҵ֣һܹҡ
Сӣǲǻòͷˣ
˧ηӣб¾ͷſңһ
˧ͦάԼϼܸжΪ˧첻׷Ķ֣廰쵰򲻹ǵġ
ǰӵģԹߣʲôҲ˵鿪ڵ
˧йɲηǿƵǣԽԽЭҲ˵ھͽҡ
ǣСӣ˿ͱֺˡ
׷һ˧ļϡ˧챻ߵ÷˼ͷ׷׷ȥ̧һ߹ȥ˧ͷһƫһǶԷһšž~
ˣ쵰ˡϼ롣
׷һ˧ĶӣûѪ׷ϡ׷ϵѪСӻܻã
վһߵѪ׷ߵ׷ˣӥ״Ѿ˻棬´ȥĻͷѱ
׷ŭδģС˵ġ
Ѫһ·أ
˧Ѫһ۵һñǽҪǱţ˵ǲҵĶ֡
߹ָ˧켥ЦɵСӣȻôΪʲôᱻסأˣ°ܽ
ͬЦˡ
ܺЦ𣿡ϼмԸ˧һ𣿡
ϼʵڿȥ˵
ϼȥ׷ɭɭ㲻Сҵ𣿡
ϼûʲô²µġ
ãſҵҪʲôͣ׷
Ѫ侲أԸ⽫˧ſ׷ǲôһһ֣ǵͻᡭ
׷ѵŶӦУ
Ѫ׷ԼЦ
׷ǲֵܣ
ǣ
ͱֹҷſҸСӺúñһ
Ϊ˧첻׷Ķ֣һ䣺ѪҶǳֵܣСûʲô׷ִ´ࡣʵʧɱֻҪ˲˵˭֪㱻ˣôأ
׷Ѫһۣϣܵͷ
ðɣ˵ҶǳֵܣСӱȣôӦңñɱ˳Сӣһȥǵͷ
˧Ļˣˣбͷң
ѪҲ˧죬ţҲܲסԾýնϰ˧ϵӡ
Ѫ˧ϵնϣ׷лѪֳȫھͿˡ
˧վ˸ǰӡȥɫࡣ
׷ƹȥԿʼ𣿡
˧۾ûлشΪлһɿĬĬԶŵ鰡չͳɫϻò޶֮꣬ȥϴڸ֪ġɣ
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˧һֱ۾еȴʮ㣬ת٣һһˤڵϡ
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12 Ѫħå

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ʱҹ˧챳Ųϼһҹ·뿪Ƭ֡ڶʱѾƣһСϪߡ
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14 ѪǱ

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Ǿ޵ЦЦ˼С㣬׼ôɵϣ
ǰλȫŷ˼㣬Ӷ᳤ŷһŮÿһǱ᣺ħӶᡣħħʦãӶʿ԰ڼħӶȫƽȵġϰϴҶӶΪڶħΪһ
ΪӶĻ᳤֮Ůŷ˼һĺҸѪǱ˳ħĻ᳤⣬ĸŷһˡ
Ǿ޵ŷһֱϵ£似һ84ͨħʦĶ֡
ŷ˼һλʿ棬òŵΣյġ
˧ܾãŷ˼ЦЦСͦ˧ģɱ̫ϧȥмҪ߼Ӫȥ
˼С㣬װɣ
ûʲô׵ģ취
˼һ
ŷ˼òҵ֪ģûµġҵһ²ȥӪһΣʱӶᡣ߼ӪӶԶ֪ġʵ֪ôأǴ˵߼Ӫߡ
Ǿ޵к˼Ƣٶ˵ʲô׼ȥж˭
һԾ˱ţƾ׷ˡϲ»ڣշ˵ǰ棬һƻжԷ֮ڱͷĹ
˲Ǳˣǲϼ
Ǿ޵䶢̱ڵصĲϼʵʲôˣ
ǷǸкѡ
Ŷѣ
ȷӦðҲӦԴΪһʿԸһûи֮ˣò𣿡
Ǿ޵ɭȨһλʿѾʴˣɱΪܾ𱾽һ𣿱һϣܼȡѵ˼ﲻҪߵĻҲΪڱ㻹Ǳ¡Ҿ㣬Ҽǣݹֱĺ
˵꣬Ǵӷȥ¥⣬Ǿ޵еڹ򡣼Ǿ3ͨĺӵͷͬμǾ
Ǿ޵ͦأڰˡޡţţ˿ȥ¥ıͷ˼¡
ǣһȿֺ¥
ã˧챻ڰ˱˳ŷ˼Ĵ£߼Ӫȥ
ܾûлѪħ̷ֶĲϼΪӦûطֶһΣҲ˧죬ֻףԸƽ¡뿪¥ȥѪħ̵ֶ档
˧˼߼Ӫ
ѪǱһĸ߼Ӫĸ߼ӪֱڳǱĸλӶĻ᳤ÿ¶ԼӪһμ飬鿴ǵ似ˮƽʡ֮⣬Ӷỹÿĸ߼Ӫһαȱбͻ似ֱΪʿӶᣬ᳤ܻһ˵
ŷ˼úöʿ߼Ӫ߼Ӫʶߡ似ƽƽϲŪӪ߱䡣Щ߰ʿӣСʮֵ⣬Ϊ߼Ӫûһλɫߡ
һΣŷ˼ѡ߼Ӫ伯Ӫ
߼ӪܴͨĴ֡ǾҪҰƴԴĥԼ߼Ӫڵߴ似ѧԺѡģеĴ似ѧԺһѧܵ似ѧԺʦĿ϶
˧챻ӪªӪᣬǼƷֻһȴһŴһıӡŷ˼㽫͸ǷȥˡƯӶ᳤ŮҸӴϣӶʱõ
ν˧ȫΪϵöʯֻҪɱ˧죬׶ʯȻûôϾֻ18꣬ɱɲҲй¶ȥøŷһ֪
ÿε伯Ӫʱܻ˳һЩ似ȡϲ似һ裬ϾڸߣֻƴӣһʵĹԹŮ̫ˡ
Ǿ޵вû˼һأϲڴңϲӴԱӶֻһССʿһӪܵʿĴ
Ǿ޵ɫÿﶼҪӪӪһλŮΪӪķݶÿλʿϲöָơǾ޵һͰȥϽˡֻҪһ˾ͻԶ߽Ǿ޵е˯
߼Ӫд֣ÿǱἯ𡢺Ⱦơ졣ŷ˼ˣӪݲֹǴһݡ
ֵĴ֮ҹǵЦйȥ
ڶ죬ŷ˼صңӴԱ̣Ϣʱ򷽶ݱȥˡŷ˼ƺÿεܻȸǷһϣڶ˯
*************************************
űְΧŵӪƬһֻֻСԾӪϻš
Ӫڵ˧챻ˣԼһİĴϣʮ⡣ƾɷùıƿվܻ谵һŴ֮⻹һѹǽľ˧콫ľȡ˿ַ˻ȥűߣšһҳ˧۾
ˣˣˣǲĿں
˧ʮֺ棬ģʲôǹأ



18 ʦ

       ʣľ
ҫ۵͸ŨܵҶڵͶһӰϵҶһһ㣬淢졣Сеϣеķɴ֦˼䣬ͣߴߴš
˧ϲҲϲּССһһҪ㿾ųԡ
ѲǲĺȥһܿտĵطվһȺź¡ⷢߡЩڶˤ˧첻֪ЩߣҲ֪ʲôģΪ˶࣬ðʧֻܴ͵ǲ
߼Ӫ200似ѧͽΪ200ʦ3050似ѧͽһɫ60Ů߼ӪŮŮŮʦרִ̣רһЩŮ׽ܵ似巽𲻴󣬲̵ش򣬲ʱ˸оܲпᡣ
˧Ȼ󣬵Ͼ似Щѡһλ似ܴһλŽװһɫñӵʦ˺ˣϢɣ
似ɢˡеڲݵ죬еĸֵǱ߱˵ЩЦеͬǰŪ似
似˧ڵ˧
ʲôˣ
⼸似ʶ˧죬İΪС͵ܿ콫˧Χס˫۾˧죬ΧȦе˧ЩΣλֵܣлú˵
˧Ļճ䣬λ似Ͷ֡ǲʱˤӲģһȴѸ١˧졣˧ɨԾһȭһλߡû뵽һȭպûжԷǸ似һ
˧Ϊǻǡ⼸似ٶȹϵʮɺϣ̶̼ӱ˼ûŪô£˧ѱ似ô־񱻶ڰһá    
Ǹһȭ似˧Цһ£һȭݺ˧ͷһƫˮˮ÷ɽһһȭĸϣʹֳ鴤ܡ
似ݣ˧һţҿ˺˧죬˧һˡ
ˣˣһһûͬץֵһ似
Сӣͬأ
˧˻ԴҲ֪˵ʲô֪Ϊʲôҡ
ǣ˵Ȼװ⣬㲻ͬ˵һȭ˽㡣似
ѵС컹ͦӲģǵ˵ͬΪֹһ似
飡
һȭ˧زϣ߹似ȭͷʱһ˱һȭ߹һϣ˧˰ħʦƵħˣͨȡ
似һȭû˵˧죬ŪʹԼ֣һʱסˣԱλ似ҲЩ⡣
һ߹Ǿһ˧似˵
û㱾Ǯ˼ҵ߼Ӫ͵
߹ӲȫӲġһ˧ͷһӣ˧ͷĿѣ˹ȥ
ȥλ似ſֹ֡һȺ似˵ȥС͵Щ˧켸šŮŮ似ҲˡŮ˧ֻվһ߿ûһ˧춯ֵġ
԰&amp;#183;Ǹʦ50ˣţüëŨִ֣ǸɫĲ̶֡10ĽѧȻ2ʿ¡߼Ӫܴ󡣶߼Ӫ뽫ȥִ̣Ȼ԰ûĶһλɹʦҪǽ̳һѧѡһõĴ
似Χʲô߹ȥȺڵϵ˧졣˧쵽Ӫ֪⣬ֻǾ޵֪δҽС͵ȫЩ似
԰׶˧쿴ֿĬĬ˵ͷû뵽һϵȵ似ľȻ̣Ѹٽ似ſһѱ˧졣˧̫ˣµ˭ģ
һٷ԰ղŴ˧ļ似Ⱥʧˡƾ԰һҪ뽫˧챧ϢһѣԱߵλ似ӣǿǹҡ˵̧ҵķȥɣ
԰׵Ļˣֵòǿһ˾ܽȥ
԰ЦˣҲû˵ʲôǾӹȥʱΪ˵ˣǾȻ˧ͷ̧
԰׺ǺһЦӣӦ֪Ϊʲôǿæ˰ɣ
԰̧ͷӺǿ̧һֻţ㽫˧̧԰׵Ϣҡ
԰һˣϢҼȲҲ˼ʣ⣬ֻһܹĴ⣬ǽϣżöѫ¡԰ǿǼöѫԼΪ֮˲ŵġ
˧ϢҵĴϣأ԰׵Ĵȥ٣ľƳɵĴѹЩˡ԰ײ˷֮֮ţһ˧̧Ӻǿȥͨ˧̫Ѩٴز
غ˧۾԰ײûи˧İУúСѩ⣬ûһ˻ڴߴ˧ǰ˸ѩһУһΰ
ˣˡ

ѪǱڶ߼Ӫֳ伯Ӫ԰״
ô˧
ҲŪ¡԰׵
˧Ǿ޵һ־ЩˣϮԸӺͿ
޷ش⡣ֻתƻ壬˭
԰״ЦЦҵȫ԰ףֶѾû壬û˽ȫҳΪ԰
˧˲ǸŽװһɫñӵʦĪ



19 ʿ

       㲻Ǹղڲٳдϰλʦ𣿡
԰Цˣ˵ûһλʦרŽ似ǵ似ѧ似𣿡
˧ֻȤħѧֺο似ҡҡͷ壬Ҳѧ似ѧҲӦȥѧħ
԰һЦͨһԼɲħʦŻȥ似ʵϣһֺ޴뷨Ȼڹϣħʦʿ࣬ڷ棬ħʦԶҪѷɫʿȻһ˼ʿһλħʦĻôͷͬѰˡȻܹԦ似ħˣѪԵϡ޹ˣߡ
Ѫ˭
½ʷʿħʦ
ʿħʦ𣿡
Ӧġһҵӣ̳ӵĻо似28ڳΪһλʿ34ʱѾҲ֣սħʦ˼أоħ40ʱֳΪһλħʦ似ǿħʦʰ·磬սʱǿħ᳤ɹˣûг50ͳΪ½ʢħʦʿ
أ
ʱֻӵ֮ǻҶ˰ɣ
˧԰˼ֻҪ˽似˽ħ˲޵У
ǵģһÿ˶ֻÿʿ׷似磬ÿħʦ׷ħ߶ȶѡ˭ϣ似ħ汸أȻҲһЩѧѪһȻ似ѧħѧѧȥպԼ䲻ħһµµΪڻںһ
Ȼô԰ΪʲôҪ似أ
԰һλʦҺӵеƾ֣㹻Ϊһλʿԣϣѧ似ҲẦģֻҪѧϰұ֤꣬һΪѪǱһλ𾴵ʿ
һ𾴡ĸ֣˧ʮѩ岻ϲԼͶΪЧ𣿲һλʿ˵
ǺһЦ԰Ը似
֨ѽ
űƿˡһŮűߡ˧ܿϳˡھ¥ȾĹ
㣡
ôӭ𣿡
¥һĻ˧ԺһȫˡָŶҼˣ㣬㣬㽫Ҵȥġ
ŷ˼ЦǰҴ˽㱳ģôأ
˧һץסŷ˼½һץûע⣬Ȼץŷ˼زϡ
ž
һİ˧ϳָӡ˧ˣһΪԼŮвλ⵱԰£̫ˡ
ֻŷ˼࣬ղŵɫȻ޴棬˿ݲýǰåǧСΪӶ᳤֮Ůܵ衣
߱԰׵Ŀ԰ɱСӡ
԰֪˧첢زģֻһʱһ¡˧һòϣ˷ѣΪֵ֮ˣȵ̫ˡ
˼С㣬˰ɣλ˸ղҲһʱģǷŹɣ
ŷ˼ܰݣңܰҪ´ȥĻϵߣ԰Σҽѵ
԰ҡҡͷ˼С㣬Ϊ£Ҳܽѵ̫ܵˣҲҼ¡
ŷ˼԰Ը⣬ߣû뵽㾹ңһҪ¸ҵȻ㲻Ըңѵ
˧ȥһȭ˧Ҳûж㣬ſҧסŷ˼һָһҧӴ
ŷ˼һ飬ָϳּӡ
˧ٺһЦ²С㣬ֻ͸
ŷ˼Сӣɡ˵꣬ˡ
԰ŷ˼һߣ̽ŹغãСˣ鷳ˡ˼൱ڶԵӶᣬӶڵѪǱʿ뿪Ǿ޵л˼Сɱġ
˧첻мʲôһ˧䲻ǴӢۣҲ֮
԰Ȱ˧죬ҿ㻹ǱһºһЩǾ޵пһλײеʿֻҪ˼С㷢ԣԻὫɱġҵģ·ɣ
˧ҲʶǾ޵е似ϵ˻δãҲܵ˵Ĺ׻˵úǰߵĻӦߡǣ԰ʩ˸׼뿪

Ǿ޵һ߿ţŷ˼㡣һǾ޵б԰һĽ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼ˼С¶֮ûнӶ
԰ֵʧˣǾ²ȫ˧죬˼С㡣
˵⣬롭Ļ˵ȥˣ Ǿȥ˧ϳҽҲҪ
Ǿ޵˧죬һȥ԰֪һǿ˿̵˧ܴһһϮǳǰȥסơǿƴһ




20 ѡʿ

       Ǿ޵в԰ףΪʲôôҪӶΪУΪУ
԰΢΢һЦĳ޴⣬ĳֻǾ˧ǿϣúˣӦ֮ܽΪһλʿ
Ǿ޵вмȻλϸʿ˵ܽʿ
԰ǺһЦǾ˻ûҵȷܡ
ŷ˼һ԰һҪӻСӣ
԰˼ɱСӣ
ĻῼǷŹ
˧ãҾԲģǲңҴطĥһǰֻǣָ飡
Ǿ޵ðŭҲס
С㾹ҳΪǣҷһ㲻ɡ
˫˧ƷƴγһУһĹȦǹȦתʱŹ⣬ٶ൱֮졣
ֻȦ絯һ˧ƹһβͨ͡似򲻹˧ܸʿأۿȦѹ屾ͺܴһϮ
ֹʱһζվһûжֵ԰ͻȻһܵ˧ǰǵϮ˧ʱ԰ֵסǵ⡣һС԰ƴǴ˹סǾһϮ
԰֣Ǿηӣ˫԰˫˫ƶһֻ˫Ӵһ޴Ĺ֡ǿ԰˧Ĵϡ
ͬǾҲ԰֮𵹵ǽߣҪǺվŵŷ˼һѣܻܿˤڵϡûϵΪʿԼȻһƼԷöԷԼ¶εı顣
ãƣ΢΢һЦ԰һֱûʵ԰ղŵ֣Ըʿһϸ¡
԰ÿ˶ϣΪʿһλϸʦһֱҵ롣
Ǿ޵еʽһǷԸս
԰ҡҡͷǾ˵ֻһλʦ˴ɱӲｫ˧ߵĻԸȥ
Ǿ޵һ̯ȥһΣĿռ̫ˡ
԰𡪡˧첻԰ΪԼսæȰ衣
԰һЦòģҰɣȥȥ
ŷ˼ҲŪǾ԰һȥˡֻ˧һˡúΣΪԼ԰ԲǾ޵бƴ԰Ǿ&amp;#183;޵ܵ˺
˿ֻ̣Ϣֻ֪Ҫ԰Ǿ޵УһеһоͽˣǾ޵в̫ƽ
Сʱȥˣʱš֨һ쿪ˡ԰ؿ˽ɫѿ˲ᡣ˧ȥԼ廹ûкãܶ
ֻܰο԰û°ɣ
԰ЦЦӣģû¡Ǿ޵ȻҲҸ߲˶٣ΪʦҽӴ似öࡣûзֳʤӼˡһλʿһλʦƽ־䡣
԰ֹ۸ж˧졣ЦЦлл԰Ϊңˡ
ӣǧ롣㲻Ϊ㣬ΪһλʿҲԴһλû似ˡ˽ˣһҪע⡣
һġ
԰ˣϢɡһΪ似Դ߼Ӫ
˧Ϊ԰ΪԼô࣬˵ʲôҲһ֮ҲһϢ֮أûٶ룬ͷԸ⡣ֻҪ԰һ𣬾㲻ѧ似Ҳûϵ
԰Ҳͦϲ˧ġǰΪһӣĽӴ˧컹Ӹ顣һие˲ֵǰλʿᡣһԳΪʿҲû
ˣϢɣҵˡ԰ֱ
԰ܲҵ㶫ҳԣѾһûгԶˡ
ŶӦ˵
԰뿪ˣСʱһʳ˧콫Ӷ˹һ١ͣ΢΢һЦóԡ
ˣˣ
԰
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տĲվһ似Щ似Ǹߴ࣬ⷢ࣬Ҳ˼ˡΪ˳Ϊʿ似ҪĶÿ200λ似ֻһλʿݹ棬ֻȾжǰߣܳΪѡʿ
԰ʦеһԱ̵ѵн̸ĲŻӪ涨һλʦֻѡһʩ̡
԰߼ӪҪƼһ˽ӪǼ¡Ȼ԰ŷ˼㼰Ǿ޵Сһŷ˼㼰Ǿ޵еķݻԸ˧





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2
21 -

       伯ӪӪݹͷ̣ӸұȽϴϲһƤ·綦ǸܻͷϺꡣ ԰ĲŻӪҵȴ԰ס˧ˡ 
˧û֮ǰŷ˼㶣ܽ˧졣˼棬˼ֻܾӲƤͷӦҲ֪԰ǸˣҪҲǼ򵥵飬԰Ǹ֣Ƽˣʸߵˣ⼸伯Ӫһֱûʿ½ٲ˲Ҳûӣ˵ʱܻὫ£˽λáΪԼҲΪҫ¡ 
Ϊ˵õȨҲΪ˲԰԰ġˡڱʦ֪ڱʦһֱ԰ĲŻһԼĹˣ¼ 
Ӫڱţǿ죬ˡ 
ɣݵһЦſˣ԰˧վ档 
ȵˣһЦԭ԰ʦ٣ 
԰˧һָżɽӪˣİɣ 
˧챻̧Ӫʱŵģвʶ֮ʶȴëüҺûмˣˣ˭أ 
԰ֱҶˣӪ˼С˵˵˯Ӫŵģûɲ֪˭Ȼʶ˧죬Ҳؽˡ죬ƼӪ似ϣͬ⡣ 
⡭üͷ˺ڱһۡ 
ڱ50ˣ԰ϣͦΣһӥۣʱܸһ׶֮С 
ͬΪʦڱһֱ԰ĲŻһֱ԰԰伯ӪʦӦñ˭Ϊһʿÿ꽫ĽǮͶŵӪĿֻһǾϣӪܹ˲šǰȻøߴһ˲ţһ֪ǸĻӣû֦˲嵽似棬ֻӰ켯Ӫ󣬶ԼӪһôûС 
ӪʦĻҲе 
԰򽻵ܾˣĸԣ֪ǸС¸֮ҪԸֱӵķЧǵûȷʽͶ뵽ӪҴûжϹһֱΪӪһ似ΪּӪ涨似ǲ׼߼Ӫġ˧似ȴվڼӪӪң˳ȥû׼ᴫĶʱ˵¼ѪǱӶ᳤ŷһʲôʽ¡ 
ζӪ˴֮԰˵һ´ȥ˵ᡮ¿ΡֻԴðңǰΨһѡǽ˧죬Ϊ似úˡ 
̬Ⱥܿתߵ˧ĸǰļǺЦСǿ似ϣ˷̫ϧˡ鷳һ£԰ȻģǼǴɣýӪʱɸ似һ졣 
԰ЦЦû⡣ 
԰˧뿪ڱӪΪʲôͻȻıˣ 
̾Ϣʦ㻹û԰ĻһȥҾ鷳ˡ 
 
˧ñ԰ȥ˲ٳһٳе似վ似ǰĲǸС͵԰似ԼҲûںɳһЦҸѧǽһλѣ˧죬ѪǱĴ֣ϣѧǽָ 
飬԰˧찲һλá˧վУ԰һӵѵڿʼΧŲٳһȦȻѵ 
130мŻ뱼У˧ܲٶȻ죬Ŷ鲢û飬Ǹ似ǽȥ似Ҳرʱʱıģࡣ 
ü˧㱻ˤԷ˿ɶ˧켸תŭҺòãǶֳţΡ԰һҲûָǸѧֻǽ˧λûһ¡λǰһˣǸˡ߶˧ߴ 
λðźʱ԰˵Ұ似е似ϣ㲻ҪΪ˧죬ʱ 
ҰʮָˣǾ޵һǸˡȫźëܴһֳֺĲ£ֱ۴ĺë¶档˧ĵһӡᡣͨ˶УҰûѣҲûжٵˡ԰ϣ似 
һġ 
԰ߵӣˣǰӣˣñҰߣַ֡Ӳִֻֿ۾¶һֻһţͬһӼϿխλԵرԶǳªġ˧ĵһˣ֮ΪӪõѡ 
ӣʱ̽˧졣 
ǼӪ似似ϵġΪ似һֱòʦıＰӡ԰˿Լ￪ġ 
İɣһʱͻ˧似ġ 
԰ھӵļһģȻ似ǼӪõģȴĵġԸǽܹΪѡ 
˧ܸм԰ôԼ۲һˮۿתתлл԰ûİûҡ 
԰ЦЦòлңֻҪѧϰ似ҶҾˣˣŴʶѧ似ɣǧģһҪѧ 
԰ôԶϰ԰רŽʦĿγҲһ䡣뿪ʱ԰һӵһϢɣ 
似ɢٳɢѳ 
ʱ԰ˣǺڱ̵ִļܿΣǸƢֵܹˡвͬһҪԸԣ֪𣿡 
˧칪л԰ѣ 
ٳߵĲƺϣ˧һǵһദտʼҲ⣬ֻǾº͵⣬˭ҲûȿڡһӣӻǴ˰˧ֵܣӽǾ 
˧ϲֿˣܸܹѣˣӣǸģ 
Ӳû˧ðʳ⣬ЦЦҵļѪǱ˹һط׽һλʿҲұǸʿӪյʱҸһڣ似۸۸ңںˣһҵ似ߣһϤҺҲ۸˵ģҵ似ߣܲܽ似 
˧öһѾ㲻ˣûдھѧν似ЦЦûϵкڱʦأ 
ѹһЩɽ˼ŵϣ˵ģˣûн̹ңֻԺǿˣǲмһˡ˵Ǹʦ˵λ˽ûйµͯʦ 
˧ʮ⣺ŶҲʦ 
ΪӪϲҲ㲻巽Ӫϲʲôˣ˵ˣ˾֪Ǹʲôӵ



22 ȭͷ֮

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һٳڱ˶飬Ȼ뼸似ŪһӺ󣬲˧߹ 
Ȼоǰ˲ԼѺã˧컹ǺܿһЦʦã 
ڱĻȴһֵòŶҿСӣŻ֪ҵƢȻ˽似Ķ飬ʾܳΪһ似԰Ƽˣָҽ似ָ˵ʱһϢͿˡ 
˧뷢𣬵԰ԸʦȥǵȻҲǿʵ԰֮⣬Ҳӱʦѧν似 
㡪һ߰ĺڱʦϣȭͷյÿ졣 
һ似վ˲Ǳˣܲʱ˧챳ļһԣ˧Ҳ㲻һΪʲôԼȭͷһ£ûк 
ոʲô似ûУ԰ῴҵģҲ޷ʦǽڱ 
˧ԣ̬ӲעǾǵˣȻǴһˬһˬ 
֪Ե似˺ڱöҪӣֿԣһֱԱʾɫϣ˧ܹտڣ˧첢ûʾ۶ֹͣԼС 
ڱͷЦ֣ѹ԰ῴ㡣½й˺ܶ࣬ǰټҵҪСж£Ҳѵ㣬ɣôһ似ʰ㣡 
˧첻м㣡 
似ѵ˧ƺûж֡ڱ似ǰŪ似ʱڲٳһƺϢڷ²һŴȶųƼʡ 
˹һĿռȴ١ 
˭ڵһǡ似ΪΡ 
似ѵʱܵĸǰͷ˧죬˺ڱʦ취ģ 
˧ӲǿЦллĹģӡòŵңʵѧϰ似ܼ򵥣ֻҪǰһ飬Ҿܼסܸһˣ 
ɣô̾ҵļԲã̵Ķڶˡ 
˧ѧ̫ˡ㽫Щ򵥻ͻᷢණܼ򵥣ֻѧ̫棬± 
ӺٺЦ԰㲻ûԭģ似츳Ӧóǿ 
˧ûˣЦЦˣٳѾûˣǻȥɣ 
ϼɽͷ紵ҡ֦ҡ֦ 
 
伯Ӫֻʦ似 
дӶ᳤ʿģʦʦǹõĲ似似ʳá 
伯ӪŮ似һǰ˧ʱЩ似ȫԷˣ˧ 
似ԵЩӵڷΣÿ϶˳ԷˡŰɫñӵĳʦڶ˷ĴڣΪҶ˷Ǹո 
Ӽ˧ȥʱʦֶЩ⣬Ͼ˧ǸİˡӸǽһֲŸ˧ʢ˧ѡһʱ˫۾һЩŮ 
İ۾һɫŮ˧˶Լеرֲ÷ֻõͷԷ 
ʱԱ߼СŮ 
㿴ǲ챻С͵𣿡һλŮ˧һָ 
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԰ǲǷˣȻһС͵似飬ȥЦġ 
Լ԰˧ʮֻϻһȭָԼŮǵ԰Ҳ 
λŮûϵ˹ʵ˧ʱĿɿڴ 
½ִæ˧½ˣЩŮһʶ 
 
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鷳ˣǿ 
20ң˧һһͨ似װĸʮָһ׾ţȫ˹עķͣһǰɫģһǺɫģ似ķɫ˧Ȼһע⵽ˡ 
֪ǿǸŮѡƽʱǿ۸ˣηӸУæ˧ƢǿԼ 
ǿСͦţҽѵǿŮѣָ˧ 
ŮƯںͷ³һ˫۾ͺ٣°Բ̣5ŮƯһǿһʱ䲢ոܲʵϺڱʦͰжһл͵ýѵ԰Ƽ似û˧죬˧⽫ԼŮ 
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˧תȥӣǿһ˧ƨȥߺ˧ڲĵذϻʮ׺һ 
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23 

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Աߵһᣬǰ˵˵ģ
˧õҾǴôɧбҴ򰡣
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ˣǿֻ似ȽϲѡҲոͬȵ似ǿǴ򲻹ӵġ
СӻӣڼӪꡣ
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ǿһУǾ԰ɣ   
֪첻ǿԼԼǿˣǳ˧˧죬һϣ
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ˤ˧죬ǿʮֵ⣬΢΢һЦλ˰ɣ
վǿ˧컹似似ĻԲǵĶ֡
˧һĿĮҲ似һʰһ䣬һԶŵ鰡չͳɫϻò޶֮꣬ȥϴڸ֪ġɣ
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˧оһڽӽԼ֮޷ջأֻνԼĶͷϣɺˤڵϡ
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Ա߼λŮͬħôôǿ
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Żɫµɨ˱ɨرߵˣǴܵĵطλȤĻԵȥÿһζǹǮģƻǹĵˣ
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˧һӰ롣
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ڱϣǿܹԼѵ˧죬û뵽ңû̵ô˧ѵǽѺһöϡ
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һ뿪ڱ¶Цݣ԰ףһҪɨأô֪Ҳ伯Ӫɫʦ 23                                                     
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24 ѱ

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似ڲٳϡڱ飬˧ʱ¶һ˿Ц˧һ򲻿ڱʦȫȻ֪һıԼ
ڱȭͷһûмѧԼߵߣæЦºڱǿԽѵԼ
һâӺڱʦɭЦЦ
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Ұź֮󣬲ٳϵ似Ǵһš
似Ǵһʱ˧ӻڲٳԼĶ֡ڱİţʮԡ
Դϴΰܸ˧֮ǿѾܾûܵڱˡǿһΪ伯Ӫɫ似ȻŹںڱǰչʾԼĻᡣȾ似࣬ûѹ
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ڱʧҡҡͷ룺ûصڴϣ
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˧ЦȫѪǱ˳ѱ⣬˧ᣡ  24   ѱ
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25 ľѶ

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26 ڤڤ֮

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ߵ˧ĸǰڱڨЦ㿴ɫֻϵ׿ЩôԵ似һһµʶ˰ɣ
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ڱ˧СӣҪ˵ûи·ûкôȵŷСֵǾ޵УټҲӭﵷû֪Ѷˣȥ½Ļˮȥ
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ڱûϵСӸʱʮɵϣһʱĿڲŻ٣ҪƤ涷Ѳס
Цת߿ˡڱʦ߿ӵ˧죬ղ˵á塯ģ㣬û˸ǰӡڳⷬʦһġ
˧ˣҲٶ˵ϰƶ䣬Ʈ
Ӹ似ѧ似ȥˣ˧ڲݵϢ֪ڱʦԼڲᣬҲһȻԸԼôԼֺαǿأ
ٳϣڱصѵԡǿѧúµòڱʦġ͡˧ٳϵ似һۣЦЦ

ˣãԼ˧ȥ档ӪڵĴ٣ƽʱ乻ĻһЩ似Ǳ㽫ֵǵ԰似ڴϰڴԼŮ죬ͬڴѻ
ӪĴֲģֳĸĸĸӪΧǱһΧӪ˧һ뽫似ãû˼ȥ֣ˣҶϲûȥ棬ҲƲס顣
ӪĴһСϪϪˮ峺ף˧ϲӾֻҪˮͺ޲ˮףϴ˵
ˣƤֲڶ׳ÿϴһֻǸСĿ˸˸ϵƤ񣬾ѩ׷ɵĶ죬һѵˮԡȻһɲӾ֣˶ԣֻҪһĳϴ֪ˡ
˧ϲ˾ϵĳζԴֳζûһ첻ıǿס
Ϫˮ峺ȥ೾˧֮ӣ㣬𽫸Ūȫմˮġ
ˮеľӳ˧ˬЦ֣òôСڰɣֻ뽫ϵĳϴȥѡ
˧·ֻһڿ㣬Ϫһ壬һˮ߲~ˮףδˡ
Ӽˣ½еι˧졪
࣡
˧ˮ棬ˮ߸߽𣬴ˮƮ
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˧ЦõԴôǰҸѩһʱ򣬾һˮ˭ˮߣûһγ
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ǵģǲʶ
ӵ㲻ʶ𣿡
˧ü粻ʶӵĻһλѣҲһź˵ǰĻҾһõѡ
ӺǺһЦѵ㽫ҵõѣ֪һ㣬ǴûʶҲźˡ
Դһֱͬһϣϵ֧֡Դˣ˧ʮָм
ֻҪĶҺõˣҾͻὫ֮ѡҸл죬ڤڤ֮עһѣ



27 ˮ

       ӺǺһЦ԰ǰ㲻ڵʱҼֱһûѲ˵ҶҡһֱԼһûõˣڸһ𣬾ÿҪԡǿľҷ㡣ΪһɹˣɹһŻԺС
˧ҡҡͷȡЦˣҿɲǳɹˡҵ似ߡ
ᡮħӷɿ
˵ħҲħ崴ġ
Ȼ˵ʱڵǴ˵е塣
𣿡Ӻֲ䣬ָ
ǵģҼһһĺľޣ10СĽžһ֣ȫƬɫ¿ĸо룬ֻĿģ˲Żָо
ЦЦôģ
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ʲôʦ¶ŵ飬ôõʶأҿûôˡ
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Ϫˮ˰Сʱˣ˰˧Ҳˮ̽ͷʱмŮЦ߹
ϪǼӪʿѵԡ֮ءͨŮ似һ㽫ԡʱѡڰΪʱ˲޷͵ǡǰ⼸ŮУǿŮѡһϰһԡ˧Ҳϡ
˧ǿУҲ˧йĦٴΡӺ˧ϪϰתߣԱߵļλȴûת
ʵϣԴ˧ӪžûжϹһδαһδˣֲǿͷĸȴõŮͣ˧رãϲŮв١˧컹н٣һʱŲء
˧ɲС֮ѣȥϵˮգŮȥ˿̸ոմϪ߳磬Ӣˬ˧ˡ
Ů似ǰʱͻȻһλ
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Ů󣬺ᣬֻ19꣬ޣòϿҪƯЩϸüһ۾ɫʮ˿ʱһֺر鴫ϸ۹⻬һףϸϸСֻдѿǺɫġ
˧ϲŮųıӣǺɫıӣͨ۾ﲻӵкɫͷģλƷ⡣
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ˣֵܡ߰ɣںǾһ

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ϲ˯һʲô¶룬˯Ͳһ˵300꣬30ҡ
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֣׼˯ˣȥ˯õ似Ρ
ȫľԼһʯϣγѣЦЦԭҵûȥˣҲ߰ɣôࡣ
ûôɵģһҪΪһλʿС 
ЦЦ˲ô棬У֮ǿҪΪһλʿô׵ġ
˧ıһģ߰ɣȥϢǣһҪһ
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˧һЦ԰Ҿ˵һˣͱ뽫ʱ趨ϣ˲ܾ
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˧֣ĿڲźԽԽˡ
ǰû˸죬ûϰڲŵĻᣬ㣬ҲѧһЩ
˧ЦЦ߰ɣľ͵õˡ

һҹȥڶ죬ٳϲ˧Ӱӡ԰Ҳᣬ似ܡܿμ˵ǶˤԴ򣬹ؼѵһ˵ĳ˧ô࣬ѵ԰Ҳлõѵ
ɢѧ԰ߵӸǰʾ˧֪˧ҹʮ־ϲ˧һӣûⷽȤҲɲһһʿԼƼǶԵġ
ϣ˧ʱ԰͵͵վߣ˧ǺԽԽ̲ס ˧԰ֺϵ԰á
԰ñժ£ƽЦӣŬȷġţҲˮһֵܳΪ֮Գɲ˳ţֻúˮĳɼι̡



28 ȷ

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԰ͳһ似飬Ȿ似ɫӣЩ¾ɣ˧ΪⱾӦñǰһ似ܵҪһЩ
Ȿ20ʱܽһ似似ȫݣųһλʿӦû⡣
˧ûнӣɵɵ԰԰20ʱܽ似ΪʲôҪȫ̸أ
㲻ʦвʦľΪʦûбȽ̳һѧȤˡ㲻Ҫƴǡ似ģֻҪٻһЩʱдһһӺõ似顣
Ȼ԰Ϊʦѧ似ҲǺ¡
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ŬɣˣٹһʱʿѡλᣬܳΪ伯ӪǰʮܲμѪǱʿѡξӢᡣϣܳΪʿĻڱӪһ㼰ҽйȻܹѧҲ𵽲ٳȥμѵˣޣҲø졣Խ似
жĶ˧̵ңҾͲ似
Ǻǡ԰˧ļ򣬡ɵСӣŬɣ

һκܳʱ˧ûгڲٳϣΪˣڱʮֲû˧ĵҲʧȥ׽Ū˧ĻᣬŬǿҲûмֵ
似ܹ˧ʱ䣬ڲ
Ϊ˧첻ϿΣڱ¸淢ӪӪԴʮӣΪ˧ƼӪƶȣһӰ콫Ǿ޴ġȻȥ˧죬ҪϿΡҪȥĵطȻ԰Ϣҡ
԰Ϣңݼ԰Էݵĵ԰û⡣ΪҲǰ԰졣
԰ðɣ
ĸС
Դ˧ӪžһֱûжϹΪˣһֱûвʣֻȥϿΣҾͻ̻̲ˡ
һ˧ôӰ켯ӪƶȰɣȷǲԵģҲȰ˵˵Ϊ似¼Ӷ᳤ƾŷ᳤۹⣬һ۾Ϳһȫ似ˡ˵ڱʦûн˧似ԼǿԸҰ͵ĴѲΡƼˣܳΪʿҲϣĥھҲܲˣԼȥ˧ɣ
סˣɵЦһԭˣЩҾȫ֪ȥҺڱʦ̸һ̸
԰ҿ˧ˣʲôһ쵽ӪûгҲ֪æЩʲôŷ᳤ǰ飬ڽֻ¶Ҳûкôأ
۾תһȦ԰ȫֳ죡
һ԰ķ䣬԰׹Ȼÿûкý

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Ǹǰһ߽ʳƫλһЦرȫ
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Ż֪ɣӶĻ᳤ŷһŮŷ˼ͬǰڱʦҸ淢ǰҵ졣
˧һΪڱʦǸеɫ֮ˣ˹ؼ֮ǸԼءһҿܲŷ᳤
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Ǿ޵Уһǳ֮ĪۡĪ۸Ӹú˧һӵܳ࣬20ͷѾһλ˲ʿһѺɫĽ1ңȴĴָһǰѼִɱı
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ŷһ΢΢һЦӪˣѼδ伯Ӫ̽鼯Ӫǵ似ˮ׼֪似ǵ
ӪһЦвдһ֪ˡ



29 ᳤

       ŷӪŷһٳȥ˿̲ٳϵ似Ǽ᳤ǰ飬ú䤱Ĳˡŷһ棬似ȺУ󿴿ҿʵƾŷһʵ׿һ似似ˮƽ
伯Ӫŷһõ似ԡϵԣߵǰʱ˻ͣߵŷһǰ˹᳤뿼ҵ似𣿡
ŷһͰЦЦһֱ伯Ӫ似㶼ˣûֵÿˡɣСֵܣȫң50غϰң似ˡ
ӪʾʾɫΪڷӪǰչʾĲŻ伯Ӫݻ᳤ȭͷٻŷһΪ似ٮٮţһȭٶģȭͷӳʱȭָγһָǿҵĻ𻨡
ŷһӰȱţӰʱڶʱٶ֮쿴վһ߹ۿ似תʮغϹȥԲû˵ŷһֱ뿴ѣɨΧΧӰӣӰӣʲôҲûм
ڳ˶Թ᳤Ṧʮغգ۹ȥŷһӰӻƮţʱˣڵϴӰһգһ˳ڴҸǰŷһԵıʮʧ3¹ȥˣԵ似û
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30 ̤ѩ޺

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˼㵭˧ôûڲٳ뿪𣿡
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СʯùװںҰСӲϵʯ𣿡
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ŮյѹСôõʯ׻˵ɫ߷ִ磬ʯװκһʹСƯ
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˧ٸļ䣬Ѱ첻ֻҡҡͷŮǹ֣ȥһ硣
»صϣ˧˺ࡣ

ϣִŲһӰﴩʱʱҶεĻζƬƬ¡ҶŮ裬׷׷תڿҪѩĶ˧컹ܴųಲ԰Ͼ似һʱ˧ȫ˽似塣
һԾһԱߵ֦񱻼޼һ£֮ʣ˧׷µҶƬһƣЩҶܵƵȼҹġ𡯡
šһƣΪһ򣬷תţٶȳ죬Ҫ׷̽ʲô˧׷δĻ򣬶ָһ㣬̻һĽڰ
ŸոµأڵرһȣȻӲʯһĵȳһӡȻһȥ̴ӵһɨָֻƽ̹ԱһСȥǿžһѣţֽѿ֦һˡ
̬ܺȻţ˫ƽ˳ȥ޻
տʼ԰似ʱеⱾʲôرĵط似һӣɵһ⿪˿̣˸طһ֪⣬Ѿա԰似ˡ
ʱ䣬Ҳһߣֻûиоѡ



31 ѩƮ

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ѩģģƮš伯Ӫ˲ٳ󲿷ֵطѩǣһȥǰѩһƬ˧ϲѩϲɫϲһ˾ѩ̤֨֨ѩָоܹ˴ĳ־硣
һ̧֣ѩƮɢģһѩС
һʱ˧ɡ԰似ץһѩһģеѩƻˮԾշϼǰȵһƬҶϣٽŰһ֦ţ֦ΪһģתƬƬӰ
࣡
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˼ͷȻǶǳǱһ˲ţûг20ͽ˹ᡣһħħʦһӶʿ



32 Ӣİ·

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˼һ۵󲻹°ɣ
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˼㲻õֲӭңΪҪ㣿
˧ٺһЦʵҲ㡣ȻСԸңǻǿԳΪѵģǧ֮𣿡
Ůն˧ӡͦõģС㣬Ȼ˧ô˵Ҳá
˼Ҳ˧һֻϷŲ£˧Ҳϴˣ΢ЦȻҲϴˣҾԭˣɣǾ͵İɣ
ǼӪȽϺĵطͨ似ǲûʸȥģ˼ڣ˧쵱Ȼʸ񡣹ڲӺãҲȽϵΡ似ʽ֮ء伯ӪĹݱȽϴռӪ10֮1Ǳνһ㣬ÿ㶼ǱһķΣмǱȶ2¥֤ϢķӡһʱᵽӶ뼸λһʿħʦǰ֤ˡ
˼ѡ˵ͬ˧죬һǲñ֪˧һһΪطƫƧƽպ棬Ҳʺ֮
ϵ˼˼ݵ̽ݵĴƿо
һݣӡ˧һټľ̨߸ߵľ̨ƤΧš̨һŹϯʽʱϯǸõġ
һ˼ԵһƮھ̨ϵƤϣȻЦŻ˧죬׷ҡ
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33 Ů

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ŮͬУС˵Ķԣ˧ȷǸ˲ţʵ˵԰۹һϿɵˣ൱ߵ֡

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һֻͷ𼦷ɹڵϿգһڵ٣һӣһֻͷºڵٳȥǴϡٵӦò3ֻ˧ҹһֻͷ𼦾èͷӥһʱۿƺҲѧϰ似
ĽӡԽԽ࣬ѩµĽӡԵЩ˧촩һɫ£һ˫ɫͲװѥ׷װǼӪ似ŵģҲһסΪ˧ƽĶȻÿ
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˧ЦˣԶľҲ΢Ц
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˧ڲֻоһˣھӵ󣬻żλŮ似
˧첻֪ǸžʲôЩ⣿
˧죬ûõȰɣ
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һۣŮЦŵòųԾֻ뿴Ǳ似ѡ 
˧һЦȻǾ͵аɣ



34 ųŮ

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ӵĿ߹ȥԱ㲻ԼڱɾӾһУ˧һȼס̶У˧һһܵ˧Ÿеǰ˵ʵͷضȥֻͷǴΨһѡ
ͷ˾ӣҲ˼ӰڳһʽɨһϵѩܵӰ죬ӷţ֮ͻȻ׷ɵѩ
˧ɵ߿գʹˡѹȡȻϵȻ޷ܵвӶپɡȭѸ˧죬һֱֻϣһȭʹ˧ֻһš˧˵ֱ̧ۣӵӣӰζȾһھӵγͼֻͼ̫ˣ˫תһڣǰһ޴Ĺ򣬹ʵγɵġγɵĹ˧쵯ȥ
˧Լֻ뽫һӴǹֳܲס֮С֮ǿȫ󣬿ֻ˵ܴﵽһƴϣֻ˧ħˣǿı𵴹Դһ󣬾ӵĽ߹
һ˫ƻӵȹؽڣոպãһȭˡӱ˫ƣһڣѩϻ˼ס˧ˣȥϵľѲڣһӰı߹˧칪ӵɨļͷ
ץϵѩһףһƻѩϣѩʱܷ׵ѩ˧۷Ȼӱһ߹ȥ˫һ̽ȫѼڱһŲû˵ӣʹԼĽţһΣ˧ˤ
ӷ˧һЦ˧죬׼ƴǣ˧װܸѩһ嵶ӲӼйȥһʱ⣬ӵûбеȴ۾۾ҪĲλӵ۾ˣһʱ
˧һڿзһȦһ˫Ƴʽ˫ȥ
ξ۾ҲƾеȭԼ˳һƹȥȭཻϵѩɢƮɣγһѩͼ
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˧죬һЦһƿ˧죬ѩѩһҡ۾һ۾ſˡ
˧ɵϣ˿̾ӵ似Լ֮ϣٱȥҲܳ䵽һϣֵ˺ˣҰܸ˾֡
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18꣬˫裬۾һۻƵ·19꣬һͷɫľ۾һɫ·˱ǿŮͦãΪվǿǱߣ⼸ŮŸĹϵЩ롣
˧һЦǣһʱٱȡ
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ԭˡ
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ӵԺ˭˵أ
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޽˧磬˵ˣ׼似ԭʼķ
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һЦȥɣӣֵܣ˫֣˧ôԸأ
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ش𣺡ĸѪǱǰ似ڵŷһ͡ĵ18ŮȻǸ谮ŮҲ⡣
ӵһһֻ»ᵽȥǻȥɣѾˡ



35 ˲

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Ҳûߵ˼԰ѵôôģΪʲôһЩأɣ
ԾǽץһѲ񣬷ŵϵɣûȼ
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޺ǺһЦѵлһ𿾻𣬲˵˵ҴǰĹ°ɣ˧磬˵
˧ǺһЦԲҲûдǰм䵽ڣҲֻмļ䣬治֪˵ʲô
ô˵
üҲûʲô˵ġˣҵ˶Щˣ˵ҲûḻҿǱ˵á
µ˵డӣ㻹˵ɣ
ӿЦȻǶŽ˵ðɣҾ˵һЩҳѪǱ壬ҵĸ峤һ7ţĵĸġҳó󣬶Ѿ˧һˡһֱҸһڳǱϾǱĶ࣬ҲųˡڳǱ˵ĵλܵͣҸŶȽѡ뿪ʱҵĸǰֹ뿪һѡ뿪ΪǱϣܹΪһλʿΪ⡣ʵϣŬ5꣬ûгɹȻø׸һλʿĹϵ˼ӪڼӪҶúܲ˧ĳ֣ҿܻԷ
ˣô˧ûϲŮˣ

ĸŮЦ
СҺ񣬶޶ãֱ뼯Ӫ۹ߵŮ似ǣҲŸоǶôá룬ԭʼԶġҺĽӣһβܳΪһλʿҽصǰ壬ȥӣ԰ء
ƾһ£ڳǱӦÿԻڷԵġ
Ϊһڷ㲻һɹˡһҪ壬Ϊ̫ˡҲ岢ûôḻʣҲûеĶϾʽԭʼֹϡҽ˲ԼǵŮ˽飬Ϊ˷ֳ
˧һֱûкǰһҲ֪˵һǾ˵ϸһΡԱһЩעӵŮЩˡĸŮУΪ档
Ϊʿأʡ
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ɵ۹ⲻܸ߰ɣ
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˧һЦӲǵ֣ÿ˵һ仰ܻйɸж
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ʣ˧ĪϸֺǸδŮŪߵкǷŮأ
˧ҡҡͷûС
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˧һЦΪҲŮѣҪΪһλ˧ΪħӰˡ
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˧ҡҡͷӦûںܶ󣬾Բڡ

ΪӦʿѡλᣬڱʦæŽԼǿ似ֻһ뷨Ǿϣǿ似ܹܾӺ˧죬似ûзϡ
ڱǿ԰ķΧǼʱӵϰոմڸǵľ似ֻϣܹ򣬺ѡλʱ򣬴似߽ʿѡλܸӪ似һ̸¡
ǵԼڵĵӻھӼ˧ž˧似࣬ܿܳԼǿΪ˲ԼǿܸӼ˧죬԰⣬Ҳ÷ЦԼȥˡ
ڷӱߣǿϰڱǻţǵϰڱϾʦѧ۹԰ǲͬġĴѡЩǿ似Ϊѵȴû˼ǵǱʡ
Լǿú࣬ȫǺڱЩж߹ȥԵļЦЦ㾡ˣԸܹڱʱӳɫЩһҪ˧켰ˣ֪𣿡
ǣʦ
ǿҲҺڱ˲ѧ֮һҲҪһҴܾӼ˧죬֪𣿡
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ţʵ˵Ҳ˵ʵ˧ӳƴ׼ΪѡλŬҲϣܸǣĻҵӽһͿء
Եģһ뼯Ӫǰھʱǡ
ǿҲĵҲһǰʮʧ
ȥɣˡ
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뿪ڱԭءΪʦŷһһУܸоһѡѵִˡǿޣƺûнԣе似δﵽһʿı׼ΪˣڱǻܸӼ˧졣
Լ԰෴Ҫ֤Լǿ̵ѧصѧҪ֪ԼҲһλɹʦΪˣԼʱ䣬ĽԼǿ似ΪľǸõķˮƽ



36 ʦ

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Ӷ֣µһֿʼˡѩ£ۻˮ顣
ССĴĹ˧۾ϣ߲ûŪ˧죬˯ú㡣ţһɫĹ߷ɽķ䣬谵ķʱ⡣
˧ͷһһҡģϵĴج֮С
˧죬ѡ
ĺ˧۾˸ˣһźɫİˡ̬Ȼվ˧ǰһֱ΢Цֿܷˣ˧һϳλˡ
ʦ
΢΢һЦûнǣӣҵ㻹ࡣˣΪʲôӪѧ似أѵѧ
˧ҡҡͷûСæ似û˼
ҲûһЦˣҲ㣬ֻܵۺ󣬲Ż˽Ҫӣ似Σ
һ㡣
ѧʲôֻҪѧáӣŬɣǵôӦҵ£һҪѧħʦ
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ףҺһ仰
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΢΢һЦܴҲش㡣ֻʮ¡һҺĽ࣬ȻҲйÿ˶ԣɵġһ꣬ͱָӣ˭ҲûȨʵ۵
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˧ǺһЦллʦı֤ʵϣҲе档
ѧɣԽԽḻģ
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˼ؽ˧£Ҷֶźòãҿɲϲô³
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˧ҲûзɵǵģҲҿ뿪ˣЩ᲻áʵҲͦϲǵġ
˼û֮ˣ
˧ûлشֻһЦ
Ůռһ䣺ûлش˵
˼˧һۣ벻㻹ǸӣС
˧ߵߣŵλ̫ˣ̫߰ɣȥ˵Ūʲô
˼߹ȥ˧һѣ˭ԸƷأһƵʶûУ
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ߣȥɣ㲻ϲ𣿡
ܿܽ˱飬СϪϵıˮʼ¶ԽԽãٹһʱ䶬ˡ
վϪߣ˼ϪˮϪڵˮܴѪǱڵĻǺӻиɾЩ
ŮյôɾҲȲϻǺô׳۰˵Ǻڵˮ壬໨أ
˧ܹķ羰ܻƽġǺǳǱƽĺԴ㲻ʲô羰
˼ˣϾûм
˧Ҫ̫ˡ
˼Ǻף߽ǺﴦӶȴףŶʧ



37 λǧ

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ŮմȤСѾϲ˧˰ɣ
ס죬˵ʱòҪ죬𣿡
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˧ٺһЦ˵ҳ㻹ǵһ
˼ͷ㱾ͳѪǱĸӲӢ֣˧硣
˧ǺһЦȻô˵Ҳ˧ɣ˰ɣ
˼Цǰˡˣ컹һҪ㡣
˧ʲô¡
˼ܲܽöɫʯ죬ҵĺýգʱΪıŮ¡صףᣬҽԺѵֳҡ
˧֪ʯȥҫһ£öʯ˧ģ˵ʲôҲˣֻõ˼㣬Ҳ֮ܽ㡣
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˼һ˧죬Ҫ㶼ӦӶ᳤֮ŮֶǸӣ㾹ȻԸ⣿Ҳ̫С˰ɣ
˧ߵһСߣͷ̾Ϣ㣬ҲѡôģֻʾǸ⡣
Ůղһ䣺˧죬ⶫҪСֻǽ죬ٻ㣬㲢ûʧʲôСĺգôʯһأȫСɣ
˧챳λֻܸ㣬Ҳܡⶫ̫Ҫˣ˵ǣѩҲδܹȥҪԭ򡣡
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˵ⷭŮշ߿뿪ˡ
ŮԶȥıӰ˧Żʯ룬ΪһʯԼͲеһжȫͬĴ𰸡
СϪһת˧»ص˷䡣

˼ʰѣ뿪伯Ӫټɶ˧죬ֻصӶһЩԼʿǡ
ǺΧһĳǸʹǸҹһƻͨΪħ5Ǳ֮һѪǱǸñһ忴Ǹһͯ԰ķУΧ㡣
ÿһпյĵطһֵֵ̣ľ֮ĿҲܶࡣǽֵϵĽѾˣעĵطɻǺӸԶ100׵彨彨˵һŮ˾һټ飬ƺʾ
彨֪ӶܲڵءӶʿĿֻ࣬200ңЩʿǹгְʵȨֻҪӶ᳤ʥ㵽ӶһȺȥκεطս
ӶȨӶųЩųʿѡγģ似ɫеıֺãս¾ܹӶᣬΪսʿʿһ֣һսʿȿսɵʿʿȴڲ峤ӶԳ֣õϿɺ󣬳Ϊʿѡʿȴ似ѡʿһ似رߣ
ΪӶĻ᳤Ȩֻ֪ҪһӣһָɳڵľΪȻȨӶһħ᳤ȨӶ֮ϡ
ŷ˼صӶᣬλȨصĸףʿ漫òӴլȥΪˣʿ
ô    ŷһ
˼ǳģûлش𣬿˸һۣûк߽ӡΪԱʿΪԾ˼Сظףһȴ֮٣⣬ŷһҲĪΪŮĸףŷһȻ֪Ůһʵϣ˼Ƣˣһ˭
ŷһʿǻỰԱ﷢һЩ顣ȻЩĲɡŷһһҲһȨƵӦţȴֻ߷һһҲֻϲ߷һˡ
˼⣬һŮ13꣬˼ꡣȻŮŷһѾ㡣ΪŮĻϲСŮȻ13꣬Ѿˡ
Ůٸʿᣬ˸ʿȥˡǣŷһһǰŮķ䣬ûн洫ŷһʮ־죬δŮôĿ޹룺˭ҵıŮأ
߷40ˣ30ٸöׯ˼ЩƣҲ˼һ˵ɫϾĸŮ˶ϲҲشεġҲЩñɫ׵Ůŷ㲻ŮˣŷһĿУԶֻ18ꡣһ˲˸ԼȽʱΰŻᱣֵøЩ
֪ʱСŮ˼˹֣ʲôѽ
˼ֻ13꣬Ĵ۾һҲ˸оضһλȽƯɰŮ
ŷߵСŮߣСŮǵطȥɣ   
ҺĿ˼



38 ǿ

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仰˼ӵðɣ
СŮһߣ߷˼㷿šŲû˼ȥᣬɣ
߷߽Ůķ䡣ǼңװƷûһǳ¾ɵģȻռ䲻ǺܴȴһҲӵҵסĴ˼Ľ¶档
Ϊӵĸף߷˽Ůһֱ¿Ů죬˽ǵȫȻŮĵŮ֮飬Ѿ18ˣûԷѡġߵ˼ĴߣڴϵıŮ΢΢ЦЦ
һױ̨һľӣپһЩʽܡϵ10ʽУ˵һװʯ˼ϴ·ҽˣĲøΪ֮һ
ʲô£ܸ˵˵𣿡
ĸףʵҲûʲôֻ鲻̫öѡ
߷΢Ц˵ܲԶ־ƽż鲻Ҳò̫˸СѾ18ˣ͵ӣʼϵĶĿԽԽͻԽԽӣ˵ǻ᳤֮Ů˵ӦñͨҸĿԱһ㺢ҪöࡣһСԼ鲻áҰɣ˵Ϊֵܹأ
Ȼɫ󣬵ǰԵЩߣϣȢЦԼǵҲûʲôֻһЩС£ֵ
Ī۸˰ɣ
Ųأ۸ңҾ͸߳
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˼һЦϧδҶĹϲкһҳҾͺˡ
߷̾ϢΪŮˣֻҪһĶԼõкˡ꣬ϲҵʱ򣬻ֻͨ似߹֮Ů18꣬׵20Ӧ޸Ҽĺڹ֮ӺϡǺϲһŮ˽ĻҲΪĸסϵ¸ıҵĿҿʼƷѡ˱ŮˣôҸʲôҸأʱһ˼ӪܳһʱûмҾʮּįڣҵǹ˼ɶڼӪֻһʱͳΪʿ֮Ů޸һλʿѾǸˡ
˼ŵ꣺ҲÿһҸԵһһ⾳Ĺ¡ܸһˣекϲҾͺˡ
Ī۲
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ŷһͷǣҼŮһһλ
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Ѻڣʱ䲻ˡŷˣʱ䲻ˣԼϢɣʲô±ϷСʱһﵱĺý𣿡
15ŷ˾ͷŮѲԼ˵˼ˡӣһЩǺһ
˫˫˷䣬һЦ

ûйȴ˸еѡλԽԽ˧似ûиʶÿ죬һԣȥ˶࣬ӻ΢ЩҪʤҲס
Ķ֡ڱʦڵԺǿÿǺ޲ü֮ڹһǣֻñŵԽԽӰǵ顣
˧һֱƽ͵飬Եֻǿ飬Լܹƾ߽10ǿ߽ѡλľ
ոճţ԰ˡǾԼÿԼô˧ߵĸǰͷ΢΢һЦã԰
ôα𣿡
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԰΢΢һЦûϵ֤ˮƽɣ
ܸ԰أҵ似ȫ̵ġ
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һƴһŨŨƵƱɫϵ˧԰һƹȥϼŵһŻιȥ͸԰ĸɳ֮ŲһмŨĲϣֻǿһ߲ž߱
԰ʱѹȺ֮УǾ޵йУûбһ֮Լ˼룬˧ܹڰ֮似Ĳ似ǳġʹлûʧһֱȲܸӹŹֵֽȹгһεţַһߡ



39 

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ԶԷĹ˧ҲҴ⣬˫һУӥΣǡ԰似ӥչʱʩɱĲá
˫ָպü԰ϣ԰һƣ˧췭ȵסڶԷȼһӣغ
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Ǻϴǿ⣬Χ˼ı鱻ô£ɢ䵽档˧շɨ԰ĸǰצɹ״ֲӴץȥ
һģһֻֽס˧֣һ⣬˧ְع˧²ȥ˧תڶ720ȣ԰
԰ƽӹȥž
˧ɻ𵽰գ԰ٷɹȥָָ˧ѨϵһϵбƴУ˧ѽ԰似似õòˡظóѲá
֮˧ɵһϣֵ԰ˡ

˧ܹ԰еҡ
԰ид˵ģĳôǵһֵ似˲ţܹҵ似ȫյ˼Ӫ֪Լ似ܵ˱ضҡ䣬ʤߡ
˧ǫ˽ҵ似ֺγ֪似أʤ˻ʦһֻжѧһЩ似ڲ֮أҶ˽һЩ似Ǿٱȥǡ
԰˧߹º͵ʹˡҽ似Ҳ٣һ似ֲҪպܶ似ѧ似һµı仯˵似תԼ似˲ߡӣⷽ㻹ø࣬Ŭɣ
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˼ڽĪߵԱߣ΢΢һЦ˼㣬Ϊʲôһأȱƣ
ҲֻҪĪۻԼ˼Щж˺Ůϣʱ̵õ˵Ĺػ۲лл㣬Ī۸磬ҽ첻Ⱦơ
ĪҲû𱸣ЦûϵƾƱû˼
Ī۵Ȫ¥һλ֮Ů˹Ȫʱᡣ˼ĪõѣҲһλʿ
Īۣԭ˼
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Ȫ˼Ĵ˸ɵˣʧˣҵȥ裬μõջᣬֵ¾Ǹ衣
ȪᶵŮģȪ磬ֻһҸҲûź
˼㰵룺κŮʥͲ̫ʱ䡣



40 ƽʿ

       ջչʿѡλͿʼˡ伯ӪڵĹݴѿѾɨɾ߿ˣѪǱĳ켰ħĹ졣
ΪѡλæµһæµصҲ⼸졣ѾãǰӶһλʿһλħʦʿǾ޵Уħʦ˭Ҳʶ˧δħʦ˵ħʦˣżλȥźɫ۵ħʦＸĽϾħʦĵλ൱ߣ봦ħʦҪ൱Ľڡ
涨伯Ӫÿ似䣬Ů似Ҳ⡣     
ĳǩɼӪ˧Ը˭ûڵʵ200нǰ10ǺѡʼͷԾͺ˵ˡǺڱڵӣڵ似Σ
ڶ죬е似еݡǸ̨ǹ˹ۿΡ200λ߼30λʦ½빫ݡûб֮ǰӪȨ﷽ݷɵ̨ϣһŽݸ壬⼤ȼյһ̣˴伯Ӫΰħ¾Ϊ˹Ϊ񣬼Ӫһֱ˲ŵϣΪһ似˲ţ죬ڶ߼ΪӪ10ᡣţɫ伯Ӫ似߲ܹӳԼӦˮ׼һܹھȡñȽĳɼǰ伯ӪĴӪ֮ף˲űضĸӪڵߣȻ˲ų֣ţϼӪ似߲ԸĬᣬһ伯ӪɳӢǰһʿѡλȡñȽĳɼ
ڶ
ЦˣϾĿڲŴûԼʧ
ˣòٹơȣҸҽһλѪǱħʦƮݡ
źħ۵Ʈݷ̨˸ֻ20꣬Щ䣬üëŨŨģüëһ֡ȻᣬҵĹȴ쳣顣ħʦԶĽĶ
ƮЦЦλض񣬽μѡλᣬҡҽλһ֤10ǿĵ
ߵƮݸǰֵҪܵǴѾϤǾ

Ǿ޵зɵ̨ϣѺһЦҼȻʶңҾͲҽˡıҽԹеֳϯϣ֧֡

˧żλŮ֮һ˧ߣˣ˧죬һмɰս10ǿ
˳ɣ
ʲô˳ɣ
˧һЦûϴ㲻ǿҸ԰𣿡
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Աߵɶһ죺ϲ˼ҵȻô˵
˧һ޵ϸ¶һĨơ
Ӽԭޱϲ˧찡
޵ԴЩôϲ˧ҲǸŮϲأ˧첻˧似ҲһƷҲãҾϲ
˧ԱɫС㣬˶ֳ࣬Цġ
䣬ǰתɨһۡ˧ЩԴӶĸѡ
Ǻܾûиһˣ˵һ䡣
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ֲǱܿԸһҲǿֻǿǶǿǸԡ
ǿߣ仰ת͵Сɧ˵һ䣡
ǿ½ʾֻ³ܡǿûаݣǵ޼λŮ
˧ֵ˵ķòãֻ˼䡣
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ǿ뿪ڣһߵĺڱ˻֣ʾĳϳࡣǿֻ§ûٷԡ
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ݷɵ2¥λ似ɵ̨ڡ
ʤƴ˧첻Ȥ˶İġϾϿεʱһ£似100ûоӴȻʶǡһֲ˭ʤ˭
˯뿿˼֣ͻȻһ޶
˧ߵ޷ɵ̨Ҳɵ̨ȥ˱൱ԵѣΪ˧Ĺϵý˧вǶԾ֮пĽöԾЩпᡣȻ뿴ǽ۾ϡŰСʱûаպãһ̨
ص˧ߣԱߵ첻ô£ôܸ
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޵Ͻ˾ֽ̼аɣ˵Ӯأ
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ı䣬˧Ӷ˸ԵĶ֣λŮûб̭⣬ҲˡһεıҲʹ˸һ䡣
˹ݣڲ6һ𣬱˵ġ
죬һҪҴ֪𣿡޵
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ˣʵҲܻġ
ɵһѣΪʲôܻɵأ
иǰҲáѹϵһˣôһǵˡǵˣôͻһߵһ𡣡
˧һ䣺ڣȻḻȴΣӦýطſЩ뿪ӪҲһѣѹһխĿռ䣬ǲΪֵ𣿡
ͬ԰ÿһλ似ӪʱҲᳬ3꣬3ҸеĲ˾еڳǱӣôұϾʶһƽôΪʲôأ
޶ʱȫһˡ
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41 ɫʿ

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˧ϲצΪצݵĹһצԶֹ൱вֻӣžˡ
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˼һۣȵϣ𣿳Ϊʿôף⼸ӪûһʿҪΪʿֻе伯ӪӪȥʿųأ
˧첻ΪȻ¶Ҳ伯Ӫһ½أ
˼üëԶĻ֤һС
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ֻתЦЦûֻǲǡ
վһʱ˧ϾҪеһֱһҪպãԸܹЯ߽10ǿ
ӵǿĻӦлᡣ
Լһİɣ¿ɵģ
˼㲻Ӧ롣
ӵ룬ֻ롣˵ģԸһ似ԣѹ
˧Ҫ˵㣬˭аҲûãӦʵǵʱ䲻ˣϣǽĽһ㡣룬һ߽Ӷᣬǵ˽ıˡ
˼΢Цǰʱ㲻ԸѪǱȨһ𣬻ΪѪǱΪʿ
ǻʲôأȥ֪ʱˣվں档
似߶½˹ݣ˧ȥʱҶáλú󣬷ݸ˼ߵݣڶֵѡλʽʼ
һԹ˧似Ѿı˶ĿʵϣҲе˧˼ĹϵŮ֪˼С㲢û˧졣
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۾ɨһȦݱ˼ֺ似̨߳ȥ˧û˼עԼ޹صˣҲû˼Ǳ䡣
˧磬һܶ𣿡˧޾ɣ΢Ц
˵ԵĻҵȻÿ˶֡ʵ⣬ٳķҲ൱Ҫ
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ǳһٰʿᷢģʱ쵽ңýҵ¥ܹóԵġ
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޸ţϻģ·һ£ôһƯɣ
ûм֮ǰȷƯǣŷһ㡣һͦϲġ
һμ棬Ȣ𣿡



42 ħ

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˧ĿУֻѩ粲ֵϲֵȻ½һˣŮҲֻѩһˣô˵ɵȻС
̽ǲ˼С㣿
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ް룬˵ʣµķĪˣЦЦû˵ʱһˡ˧̸ֹͣ
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Ұ˧һҰǸˣ似бȽߡӸĶֱ䣬Ҳһֿ顣ӷɵ̨ҰĿԡ
ҰȽǰûһʤԲûнӵԼĶ֣һ̨͵ӣǺþûддˡ
ǣ
Ұ˵ְɣ
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ҰҲϾһУҲܹ֤ԼʵһûѵˣǣԼȱǿܾӣô֪ӲǴ˵еȥͷһȭػ
һֱҰ˧첻ĻϣҰΪѣֻϧҰԸ˽ѣһֱ˱ž롣
һǰʱ似ƽƽȡЦֻҰֳĬûȡЦΪˣҰһ侲
˧챾ҲҰѣϧûлᣬκ˽Ӵʱ䶼ࡣ
ҰĻֻȫӦ̨ϣǲܴ˽˸ġһӲɵ
գۼ䣬ҰϮȭͷȽţ޲ʾҰǸȽϳڵߡ˧˶ԾûȤҰӵĶԾЩȤ
ԽԽңʮغϾûзֳʤ˧켱ˣǸˣʮǿȴڣۡ
ԱߵҲԽԽţʱҿӡӵһҲţʵûȫóֲԼĶ֡ǰҰмΰ˵Ұ̫ң԰һ֡Ȼʦ-޳ɡϣ
޳伯Ӫʦֻ30꣬Щ֣Ӳߡһֱûл似ΪʦһֱûһʽѧԴӷӪԸ̾似ʱΪˣܹӽ̳ΪһʿôпܳΪڱһеλˣ伯ӪûзչĻᣬӪһԼȥִ̡
Ӽβܱվԭغܲζ
ʱӺҵ˸оͻȻһҰǼշپ˫ȭ뷢һʽ˫ȻշɳһȣֱҰĶ
ҰΪӻᱻѹŴ򣬼ֲò׵ס˧ĹԷһ߹Сϡ
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ڶֵıܿ˧ԾǸͨ似˧ɹ˹أǿҲȺܸԶ֣֡
200߾ֵĽֻʣ50ˣٽֽ𣬾ܳɹʶǰʮ
˹ݣ˧ҵ˾ӣСϪߡѩܣϪˮ˧ıΪңڱʱ㡣
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ӺǺһЦܹ䣬Ҳ䣬ģֻҪ䲻Ӱˡ

˧һȺֻг߰ѸߵСˣȺС˴ֻ4ңųɶ飬ܿʧ
ѲָķȥʲôҲûмʲôҲûмʲô
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ļֻг߶ߵСˣǴźװһķñӣһǵǻɫģñϻһء
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ܹħĹߣһֻн򿪣ħԶӾﶶ
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ӵеħᶼЩͼħᣬ߼ħھ塣İÿһᣬ׽֮壬Ϊһɹħܴһһҫ˵ĴǰһλȫħˣżȻһħᣬڴ½󲨣Ҫ彫˵ľջȥʲô£




43 սʿ

       ȻһֺĶܹ뾫ǻһķɲǷҪӵһᣬͺˡ
Ӻ󿴳˧˼ܵõıϾֻˣͱⷽˡղĻǰ壬ֻֻһʱۻ
˧ȥɣ͵ղŰʧĵطȥ֤һ°ôʧġ
ѵôУܶ˧ĻŷţӻǵҲãܼһֱҵϣ
ɵСϪһߣƾŸо˧ҵ˸ղŰʧǼ⼸ûʲôر𣬴ľּͷƫһߣûɡ
˧ȴϸ۲ţϣ⼸ʲôǣڼȦûʲô֣˧첻ٽĿϣϸ档ʱһµˣϸ¶һС˵ĽӡȻЩӡֻĴָ󣬵·ġ
Ľӡ
濴ȥİѵа塣
˧һϲ˵Ҳƭ˰ɣ
ЩԻ˶ĴӦǣΪʲôѡأĪǰʲô·
˧첻ҲɣҿûŽ밫硣
ӺܵܵĵӣðȻ밫磬ܻӰǵǵΣվͻܴ󡣡
˧첻м˿ҵĺ̫ǿˣҿţһ˯ŵġ
룬һֲֻһˡ
Ѳż˽˳ʱѰҡ죬¹ӹͷҹķЩ壬ιЩ⡣
ȥǲֵģӻĵˣѾҵˣȥɣ
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ֻʣ˧һˣҹĴﻹҹеݺУȻ٣ȴܻ˴һ˿˿ֲ֮⡣ҺôӴ˧첻ǵС֮ˣ㵽ҹҲе¡磬ǶɣҹķܱȰһЩһЩ
įĴֳ˷⣬ֻʣϪˮ
˧Ҳûлȥ˼ϲȤȻԭ似似Ľÿ˵֦ҶӡһΣϰͬǰƺģ⼸ҡš
ŨʱͻȻһ㣬һɫţűŰ׹⣬żֲͬɫĹߡ
˧챻ͻȻı仯𾪣ֻ۾ѶŶİ׹š֨~
ſˣһźװС߳С˴һëñɫͷñӱ۾ɫϳźɫëҪǳڰգ˧Ҫִ˻治סСˣ˧һ
С˵ǻɫģӺԲЩΪͷ˧ֲ˻ŮˣƬ̣˧΢Цѣʲôˣ
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˧۾һ˷ܵʶ㣬ѣ塣
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췢С˽͵˵԰Ů7000գֵİ嶼ۻᣬղһӰ˰
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˧˽Ⱛ壬Ȼ໨ջᣬɲԴȥһأ
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˧ĲݵԲɣݣ㲻ȥ԰˵ʲôҲ뿪෴һҪ󳳴֣ǵջںֵܳ¹ȥ
ɣʮʧֵ̯仰ѹ࣬ڵûȥˣ԰ԸԸ԰ڡ
ðɣĺϢǵãǲͬĻǲݵġ
׹ŵĹһ㣬ʧ󣬿һ㶫û¡˧ڰ׹ųֵĵطɨɨûɨκζ̾һ̫ˡ
˧쾲ȵ¹䣬ҹԽԽ뷢ŭʱͻȻ򿪣׹Ű׹ű߳ĸŻƽ׵սʿСˡһĴţ˧ŵú˼ԣĸС˵ĳ֣ѵġ
ȻĸŻƽ׵С˷˧ýǹ˧ʺĸС˵ķʮ˵ã˧졣˧ŭˣԶԶɿ֦ȡһ֦Դ˵սʿ
ƽսʿṦ似г˧ϣغ˧챻ǱƳСϪߣ˵Ӫ⡣յľ֦ڸǹʱ̱ϸ󲻵ò뿪صֱʱĸսʿһΣһ⣬ʧˡ
˧촭ŴԼסص䣬ڴϣôҲ˯šղԼ似һЩʹĻôһأȥҰսʿҹʵ̫ˣ컹׼䣬˿ֻѡ侲
ҹƣ˼ȥ
˧һϣķ䡣һӱôúаɣûм壿
ˣҲţ˧ֻҡҡͷûУ



44 

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˧Ҳûж˵ֻõǵģۻˣı׼𣿡
ӵͷѾ׼ٹ֣ǾܽǰʮʱһȾгɫı֡
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ΪʲôѽǱʱڣӦöעϢ
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ЦЦʱ˭ϲͷİʵѾûϲ
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˧ļһ£˧죬㻵ˡ
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˵ֱֱȥҲ˵ʲôŶղ̫ðˡ
˧첢ûн޵ŮѣһǱѺһЩ֣𣿡
䲻Ը˧˵仰Υĸ͵˧˵Ķԣƽ̬ɣ

ͬһʱΣһص㡪ڱϢҡ
ǿ似ô졣ڱһֱվһߣࡣУڱԹ˧似Ϊʦ˧似ʲô̶Ҳڣֻýֵ似Ժǿϣ֮һλܹܾӼ˧κһڵĵ˲԰ʦ޳ɡ
һĵӰܸ޳ɵĵӾӣôٺãҲʧȥ伯Ӫһ似ʦ֮λ伯Ӫϵʦȴνʦϵʦ50껹ԶԶûдﵽϢͣ˳ʵʦְ֮ôͲռλá
ûб֮ǰΪԺǿ似ӦǼӪһģ˱ǿ似似߲˶٣෴Ǿ˧ֳĲŻЩ˧Ӵܵ˳֮⡣
ֱʼˣڱΪԺǿʮѾûд󰭣ĵǾǵĳɼӺ˧ʮǿҲû
˼УһŲԶͣںڱ󡣷ݶԺڱʱʮʧЩһֱϣڱԼʿǺڱⷽĲŻ̫ˡһڱѡ
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һߣӪڱڱҲ̫ˣô֤Լȱǿ⣬ƺδ˼˲ϡһ˼طˣȻɹ꣬Ҳ¿ΡĻôҪ¿Ρˡ
У˵ڶ
Ӫѵ̨ѡʽʼ2¥ϣ˼СħʦƮվһ˺ѣ졣Ǿ޵Ӫһ죬̨ϱȶ似ָָ㣬֤ǵ似ĵط
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뿪λʱӵ˧죬ӱСġ
İɣʲôʱôʧ
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ɵ̨ϣǿ䶢˧죬ͫһ㡣
˧̨飬ԱӦڱʱʱǿʾʾɫϣܹӺá˧Ŀ԰ȥ
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ȭͷյÿ죬⻨
գ֮䣬ȭͷһ˧졣˧ȭȥȭȭһǿȭһɾ޴ĳ˵ԵգĿʱ˴˵Ŀ顣ֻĿ⽻֯һ𣬺˲˧ɨһֱǿ˫ȡһԾ𣬵һȭ¹ȭͷĻɵ״ɶ
תʱȭгһԽԽ˧콫ƳȥȥǿԭΪһƳȥһǿ֪룬󻹻亦ֻǣڴһǿ⽫˧ƳȥӵԼӵһڳʦڣÿ˶е˷ܡ



45 

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ڱʦǿеĹ飬˿˧Լѧǿıͻʯͷ˵أϵı鲻Զ˿̣ĵ԰׵顣ɣ˿̵԰üͷġ
תԽԽ죬̨Ƥת²ҡţҵĿȫϣΪ˿ǿĳΪе˵Ľ㡣֧ǿϣƳȥ˧챻кԶʧȥ̨ӪԴ̫ˣҲһԽԽ졣
ӵȴڽǣ˧£ʵֻҪ˧ܸǿôҲ壬Ϊһ˧ģܵԼҲԼľ̨֧ϡ
յۼʵҪһ䣬ϾǲжϺԶǶɡ
2¥ŵ˼СҲüˣ֪ΪΣƽϣ˧쵹̨ϣȥؼʱ̣ȴˡ˧죬ǧѽ롣
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ûл˼ȫ׹̨֮УĿϡ
תƾϯţһͻĽͻ֡
ɣǿ۾һģһתʻ·ת˧컹аʱһӷֻ5С˧ܹӵһֻͬᱻ4ֻ˺
˧첻ֻһˣһͨˣӦǿ5̷ĳ滹޴룬ּӰطͷһʣֻб׸ˡ䡪
һ죬˧߱𻨾һֻһգƶǿɢ䲻ǿңȴ˴һʮĸо
Ҳֻ˧ܹͷı5ֻй켣ĳ棬üӪ˽һĻԣ޷ĥ
ͻı仯ǿľһ̨ϣ͵ûüζղŵı仯һѻεǰе似ڻղһĻֻйϵ˧д͵ҵһǿ°ͣһɫӰ̨ˤ
Ŷ̨¾һ˴˼ѡ
ڱʦͷɱĹһͷ԰ȻԸˣȴֻ΢΢һЦ
2¥ϵ˼Ͻŵɫˣһجоѹĺӣųõ΢ЦֻվһߵƮʮֲ⡣
˼С㣬ͦĸղŻʤ𣿡
ûа
ҸղŶ˵Ϊʲôشأ
Ŷô˼һЦ2¥ķҲûɣ
˼СͦϻظĪֵ֧裬Ӧջϵľ䡣
ħȢЦˣ֧ջһأҸܹѡ
ħƮ΢΢һЦ˼Ҷ˵ħѪңҵýˣֳΪӣҵĸ׽᳤ôǳǧ𣬽ѣҲûʲôѽ
˼Īϵͦõģ֪ϲ˭𣿡
ƮһЦƺͦġ˵ĪͦϲҵƮѩ
˼ҲɹҸ˵׷ħʦֻܶ࣬ƮѩӲܶѡ
ƮݵˣĪô
һĪһ伯ӪҪŷһǾΪʼֻѣ浽һ𣬾ⲻӰ¡
ô֮䷢ʲô
ħ磬ʵҲûнķĪϣȫ
ƮʮֳԾôǴҶ˵һԡ
˵Ǳˣ֮䶼ҸĪۣħһ𳤴ѡСĪ۶ϲңϲңʾҾһҪΪӡ
סħƮ΢΢һЦҶǳˡ
ǰʱ죬ǰһʲô¶˵ģҾܵԷ棬һˣǳǶֿˡĪΪħʦĪΪһһλʿǼλŮСʱһͯ

˧һ򵥣˯־ȫŴĽŲԽԽٽСϪߵĲݿʼѿڴ˧֪Ϳʼѿ˴ͻὫһĻչֳСϪˮôöϡϡȻɬҲ˸ȥ¼š
ʮǿѾˮ棬˧ѾҪƴֻ뾲Ϣһʱ䣬÷˼һ١ʵ˧첢뽻̫ѣֻ򵥵ǸӣҲ㡣ɣһΪʿĻӸӡ
СϪߵһʯӣͻȻ뵽İ塣ٴμ԰Ļƽսʿôߣݲˡռ俪ˣ׹űȡϴμɣվűߡ
һ죬˷ܡ˧΢Цɣϵܣּˡ
ɣݵһĳһ̵ˣҲ̫˰ɣҵͿ׷ݵ໹û״½ǸʱڣȻϵܣ
Ŷܴжˣ
ɣź̫ѾǲˡӦû˼˰ɣ
ʲôꣿȾ
ȻǸǻ۵壬ܹӳǺܼ򵥵¡
ܸô𣿡
ɣݺǺһЦɵӣÿ˶ϣô񲻱վȻϲǰƽİӦֻоӳ֮о֮
ôΪʲôоһַħأ   
ɣҡҡͷҪоĻǰͳħ岻ԸоΪ岻Ϊ½ߡ
˧ǲǲϣɱ¾̫أ
ɣݵͷô˵
˧һ𣿡
ᣬὫɫûʴߡǱߣǽ֮꣬õջء
˧ôǰ嵽׸߶ٰأ



46 Ż

       46 Ż
    ֻ԰һССĽɫ鼰½ÿ䣬ЩҲҲڰʷϣЩ
˧ҽ԰𣿡
ɣݵҲ˵û԰ͬ⣬㲻ܽ밫硣ǰЩ໨ʱﵷң԰û㣬Ҫ㻹ҵҵĻҿɰﲻ㡣
˧ɦɦЦ˵ᣬܴܲһ
ɣݺٺЦЦҿ˳Ǹɵӣķǲ⴫ģվǣûоħľ൱ڷֽûк˿á
˧һ̵֪ȥʲôһ㰫Ҳɣ
ɣ۾һʧ꣬һس½ֻһѪȷ硣ˣӺζأ
˧Ҳƭ˵ġ
ɣҲˣһħ޼ķħıƴʮּң屻ֵ޷Ҫħʦħյ岻ô뿪½˵ʵڵģҵͦ˼
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˧üˣҲܺÿֻǲ̬ȡ鷳ˣлᣬһҪ밫磡
ףˣӣ㽫Ǹǰ;Ľܳᡣ
˧׵仰ллˡ
СϪˮţ졭
СϪ߷羰续һȥرˬۡգʱܼһЩӹ˻š˧СϪ԰ǰڴһ֪
˧ԽǰʮѾӵȥӶʿѡλʸ񡣽˧Ӫһ죬Լø޵
ǧꡣȴһ˴˵Ϊ֮Ů޻ȥǧɵҲ뿪ӪȥѪǱѰͬһǱĻᲢûСֻ뿪ʱָоȴ쳣ܡȻҶмϵĸҡ
Ϊѣ˧ףڽһ·˳硣
ҹգûһǹ΢Цġ޲ɢϯٲֱջڽֿʵ
ʱƣ˧Ӷʱ䵽ˡأΪʮλ伯Ӫ似ǰȥӶ3Ӫ似ѡһ似ƴȵ֪ͨ10λ似˺룬Ĵ£ӪǰС
Ӫһ֨ƿˣӭ˧աӪ8£㳤˧ѧණҪǽһλ֪ѡԣ˧ı˾ӣͬҲӰ˶˵ˣܽǰʮҲйϵǰǷϿɵ似ԣ2£پӣξ˧;ӡ
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Сʱ伯ӪǰʮѪǱĽ似ݵȿֺǰһߵķɡΧţ˧ʮֵԺǵøոʱһķΣ¥˵ؤӣ˾ӿͷ
ǰķݴķװͷ̧ñոߵĶ࣬ȻţϣǰӪ֡ڶ5λʦ԰סڱҪʦڡ
鴩ŷĽˮĻǺӴţĵشǺڴֻƮһЩǮүƯŮڴˣǱϲ
һѪǱƫϷνӶĴ¥¥㣬ÿ涼෿棬䲻ѪǱߵĽǱӶ¥ĽࡣӶ¥ΣòŴҽͣ˧֪¥Ӷ¥      
ʹͷ˧찵 ѩ壬ûʧҪΪһλȥѩá
ÿÿ𼷣ŵǰĶӪſֵȺ˿̣Եر硣˧챻˼ͷͻȻһϤӰǸӰֻһȴ𣿻һֱĲϼ
ӶԽԽ١ׯ徲Ӷǲûֵġ
һȺúܱµŮվߣһ˿΢Ц֣ӭ߹ˡЩŮľͷų۵ŷһվӶŵſڡվʿ缫ˡҲȨʡŷһбʿ
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ڱʦɫΣ߲̽࿪˧ȫĸܣŵΪҲܳΪʿɣһֱԺǿֻܶСѧ
ŷһʮִΪ˧˵ʱ۴Σû߼ץ˧½˵㵽Ǵģ伯Ӫˡ
һߣȫʱǾ޵мƲʿ߳
ҿ֤伯Ӫˣ
Ŷŷһһۣô£
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ŷһ۰Ů˿Ů֤Ҳٶ˵ſ˧½ļСֵܣʧˡ
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Цʲô
ŷһλСֵǸ˲šһƾѧΪ伯ӪǰʮˣӦòŻһҪھϵı֡



47 粨

       أ㻹ǵǿ𣿡
Ŷôһˣ
ǿǱܵġ
𣿡ŷһһЦǾ۹Ⱑ
˧վҲˣ뿴ŷ᳤ҿ𣿡
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ϵֲͬɫˬС似ûλģ콫40似40似ֻѡ4λΪʿ
Ǳʱ䣬˧˱˷䡣ķڶ2¥4Ůͷ˧ֵķԶϣߵһվ2¥ϣһóǱȫòֻһ¥µķ羰
2¥һС԰԰ֻݣ԰һˣڹ԰߶ˮõȫһ˸վӶڵĸоӲͬǰ似ĸоһȥˣվӶǿߵĸо
԰ڷĴ£ҵ˧졣Ϊ˧ʦ˭ʱ˧ʵǰһѡһˣΪյǿߡ
ӽ֮˧ʦϵڴ˻һšûв´Ļ˧첻ֻͣССʿλãΪδħһλܳĽšȻЩԤϽܲʵ֣Ǹδ֪֮
Ųλѡ
԰ĵû˧⣬ʱ̣ûһλ似ѧġ
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֪ᣬ㾭ȥҲ㡣ӣҼ3λ似Уġ֮ѧҲ֪ˣӣӦøŬδϣڹܵƵʱڣûĲӣͻ
ֻҪܳΪţһЧңڵ似һ㣬һΪʿóɹ
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ҲǰɣĽѾԤ֮УһʵƾڵˮƽԴԡĲڱʦʧͬΪʦҲ伯Ӫ̵ִĻŬѧġһֱ볬ԽңʵûֻᣬһӵıֳԵĻ似ʦ޳ɵΣҵˡĳҲܿ
ӵڼӪ2꣬һ԰ķθ˵Ļףˣʦ
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˧컹ǵһνֻմ̨֡ϣһȺŮѤõĵƹ£衣ŷһڶ࣬Ů衣
ȺŮȫɢʣ¿տյ̨ƹšŷһ·̨΢΢һЦ
˵ǣܸͬҡŷһǵĵʾӭ콫ʾʵӣɹʧܣȫҪԼȥƴţǰ似һ˳΢ȫҪԼʵıԼң20ǰҾƾ̨߽ӶᣬϽλáԣϣһҪӳӦеˮƽ
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źɫ·Ů˧ֱֱ߹΢Цһ˧죬һ֧𣿡



48 ˹ү

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˧Щ޴룬衣ĳϾܾ˼ĻһĵģɲܾĻأ
˽˧Σ˼С㣬
֪˼ĻҿԽ
˧ȴɬŮþδ֮У˧쿪ʼŮϾƯҲŮӦ˼˰Ҫǻ˱ˣ˼Ļ˯ţ
𣿡һ˿ʧ֮ɫϣ˧۾ȴš
ֻֽյһѤ̨עˡƵĵƹ£˧ŮѾΪ̨ϵĽ㣬˼㣬˧Ÿҵɣʼ跥
һСģ˧ĽŲȵĽš˼㲢ûһЦûкҲκŮﶼ᣿˧콫յøΪ̫ˡ
ϱߵһһűͦεȭͷѾսŭƺܴ۾Ī֮ۡӡ
Ȫ̾˼ô£һλСһ裬Ҳ̫Ī˰ɣ
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Īۻһ䣺ѣ벻Ҫ˵ֵֻܣ֪Ҹ˼ĹϵС裬ʲôҸ÷һ𳤴ģˣܲҡ
Ȫʼ磺Ҳɣû˵ˣſϷǡȪʲôŮûѪǱ˹ϵļλŮû֮⣬ֻҪΪмɫģҶ׷֡
Ȫȷǵ֣͸Ī۲£Ůȴܶ࣬ҳ֮ΪʥȻʥȪһ㣬еȣĪҪöࡣ
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ɽ׸ģơȪ֪Ī۸Ĳˡ˹ү磬һŮǰӣҪȡ
һˣ˧ƿе˼㣬΢Цˣ˼С㡣
˼һЦͦģڵһʱøһá
û˲ϲ˹άԼһֱգԼ˹άԼر˧ЦЦܼ򵥣ղҿ˿Աߵˣǻද
һôʱҽѽ˼㽿Ц
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Ī˼վ̨ߣһЦ˧ıĪʮ⣬ΪѲҪ˼˧ʲôŮϵղ˧Ļԡ
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ŮŮ˶ŷһŷ˲ῴǰЩŮĿŮǷ֤ŮѾòŻɣղų˧˾ǣƾŮ˵ֱŷŸղżһŸ߰Ůôܻأ
˿̣黳ǣŮѡ˧죬ضʧȥһֱĪۡĪۺܼǿһʧȥ˼İǿȵ˻᲻˵ľٶأѽ

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Ӷ̨ȼӪľ̨ö࣬öࡣ1̨̨Ƥţ̨64ƽ̨߹սѲǼӪ似ӶʿħĹԱҪѪǱȨˡ
һףĽ䲻ȴȨͨȨҪôߴҪôذѪǱĳǸߴӣŨͷߡҲ50꣬Ũü۸ʮЭÿĻıӣִ󣬻ɡ
ǳһ˫۾ƺܹŵ磬ʱǸһȨԡͬһҵĿⶼڳߵǸ±ϡ
±Ӧò40꣬ӳֵ߽ûЦһء۹ɨܣÿ˶ġ˶֪ں±ԼҪҪǳˣȻµĻôͲһɹıڡ
Ī丸Ӵྶͥһ˹Ӣİүһ룬Ӣʹֿͺ
Ȼˣ߷Ȩ˷Īûб֮ǰƮ̨ܡʱֵ̫յĽϣ˸֮
ǣδǣǹҵĶ죬4ǿѡλĵһ졣֤λ˵ĳ¯ǣɣʿǹҵѪ⣬ûǣûйҵ̫ƽ
ŷһ̨һ̯ұɣ
һ伯ӪԶԱ伯ӪӸߡ
Ϊ伯Ӫȷһɵ̨Ͼ伯ӪӸ߶ԵʵǺܲģʮغϹһƽӸߴ̨Եĳɫ֣ڱԵЩ⡣԰˿̵ı飬һɨ԰Ӱʱʮʧ
ڱϣһı˧ӱִܣʵԸ˿ա伯Ӫ5˱̭5ûоӺ˧졣Ȼ̭5ˣһǰһ伯ӪҲʧȥ7似һξȻ5չȥ伯ӪӦһ˿Խǰġ
ڶıھС
˧ĶǶ伯Ӫһ似ƽƽСɫûö̫ʹ˶ֻ֡ʣ20似ԲһЩľӪˣҪһЩģȻס



49 пƴ

       ְ̭ߵҲʵȽǿܵʣµĶߡû԰ڳ˧췴ûѹľӡ
ͬĵص㣬ͬĳµһ̭ʼˡ˧һ伯Ӫߡ˧죬һѡ֡
ԶӰӡ
һβ似̨Ͱڳ̬Ҫ֤ʵҲһر𱰱֮ˣȥԵú˹ġ
Ӱ궯ԣϸ¶һ˿Цݡ԰ȭͷָǿ
һϳչƣȴ쳣侲ڱڰдһЩĿһԽָ˵ϡͻȻӰӣʱָĳһӰ⻯ɵӰӰӡ෴һŲ֮֮γһŤţɺɫɫһ~һ֮䡣
һתУӳ720תַɹȥƳۿҪжֻ֣ôһ㣬־ȻƶԽˡǿˮһΣԷӰӾˮеĵӰһƮݡ
һʱ֮˶ľ֮У̨µ˶ֲԻӰӡ
ӹӰӲԶԻһƷֿ໥һԷȥƻɨһȣӰӵȼ䣬ľһӰ˿ûбɨ֮ˤССʧؼʱİܱʡ
Ӱᣬշ̧ȾһɨԡԼ߹ƻΪָ׼жԷȹأѧϡͼ󡯡ӰһߣаһʽԵָӰӵȹʱԷҲԲȥ
ͬе죬Ӱͷкڵϣһʱûվˤ̨ϡܿվԲѾȫ裬һ̨̱ϡ
ڱʦԣһС
λͷ̨̧˼ܣɿˡ
˧Ӷһۡ԰ˣڱԸˣӦøˣǣǷʧУ֮УǶҲ˸顣˿̣˧Ϊʲô԰ڱʦʹˡԭȻ֮ʣ˵һþͻȵȥ˿֡
ЩΪԲֵô࣬źڱ̤أһ̨ϡ
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ģ⣬ӪͷȥǰѵȻ޴棬˿ֻӺ˧ܹһλǰʮ
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˧ҲͦľӵģֻҪӰܱλĻ١Ӫ涨ֻڼӪһꡣȻûԼߣû似ġϣܹ˳أԼʧҲҪ
ӵĶǱ伯Ӫķ졣˸ӰСҲֻ30꣬һɫۣϵһɫΧ似似ͨһ似ܹ뵽ĳϣʵԲס
Ҫ޳ȾеĻһǰӡġ쵹ҲͦڣһӱԵһͷкֵܣ顣
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ݼһоͲ㽫̨òҡҡͷ۾öǵıƴ˿ѾûԾӻ˧챻̨
ıǮ࣬˵󣬸ղŻǱˣͱһ̨ˡյĹͷץס̨ϵƤҲǺܴˡͬĹڶʧЧһûеóѣɹĳһơ
ЮҲôһ󣬾еĹʱץס˶ֵơסһ⣬Ȼ챻¡ȹءһ£Ƿ쾹ȻĿȥһֻĿ粿˫һУպüжԷ֡
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ӻֵԭӪҪȻλֵܳЩⲢûΥ棬ƴ᱾ܲпᣬħʦѡλᣬ㲻ʲô
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˹ֺ̨ЦЦ޳Ҳ¶οЦݣΪЩԼĹûа׷ѡ
ݵ۾ˣӵʤʧһ˿ϣҪ˧ʤĻ伯Ӫ2˴10ǿ



50 ȨƸ

       ʵ˧ûʧٶȳ˧ûս˶֡ıڳ޲ޣĪͷ
ƴŷһһλ֣԰֡˧ӳ似Уܸо˶似ֻȫ似ˣſܳΪһλڵ似мҡ

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⣬˼ָŴ˧ôĴܴɣ
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˼Ƴһ۲õ㲻˼ҵĽ㲻֪ѴΪõҪҿûٻʱȥ档
˧㸸ĸȥ𣿡
һȨĸ׾֪ǵʱôҵĸһ겻ҲеƵģһҲˡ




51 Ǳڰ

       ǹԵЩֻҪǣⲻ˸˼˼
ǺϵĴֻܶ࣬ǰﻮĴǮĹү˧첻֪ǱҲ֪Ǳ๫үƽʲô¶ֻ¡
˼ṫүåٶƽʱʿʱһƽ£Իָ档үĿ֪࣬ͷҶ񣬲Ҳ˲ʿǸոǱ˧졣һǻ˹үǣᷢʲôº˵
ϵĻǺڴζϲʲôԣᵯٵŮӡ˼û˼Ůӣֻ˧ŵƴڻǺƯһء
ߵĴϰ崩һɫĽ£һѺɫȣÿ˶һЦڲֻڰߣӷ紵ҡš
ϰ˼㡢˧죬΢΢һЦλҪ⴬𣿡

һ˼ˬϰ壬òˣõĵƴ⣬һ򣬱ʢĴ͡
ǮۿĴϰЦ˻վλС£ͷ٣СϷԸȥ졣
ûãһҴʻһرĴ󴬣ˣ󴬷㣬ÿ϶ƹ䣬ĹһƬĹڴϣͬʱվһЩˣЩɿʱʹ
ͷͣʱ˼˧һЦȥɡ

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㣬ֵǮĶҪǵ
ѪǱȱٺڰڳǱҲкǿеþ丸ҪηӼ֡ѪɱҲ˵ŵˣ˧ȴû־ܣվιʲôˣﵷǲǣ
Ϊƾһ似Ըǰ5ĺӦò⡣ǣǱô֪Ǳĺڰ֮ǿأڰ֣ȫмʿ֮¡
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52 

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ʱ䲻Ƕ˵ɵߣ뿪ʱͻȻ˷ɴܳΧס˧죬ѸֵĶס˧켰λŮĲӡ˿̾˧ܹԾȣҲѱ˼㼰˼ꡣ
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ұ˧ģ˼С˧ȥ棬Ϊǻ᳤ǧԡ
ŷһĵĻŮ̵˵ˣûЩʱ䣬һͷҡڱûбҵ˧졣ʱˣ˧콫ΪʧȥԶʿʸ񡣡
ݵʱɣǷͷж
ϣֳߡŷһ˽Ů٣ƽ䲻Ůȥ棬ǶŮҪȥĵطǱȽ˽ġȥǺһһֱŮġǣֱӾĸȥˡ˼֣δ֣ͻȻ洫һС
תһֻۣһСŮڵϡСŮǱˣԼŮ˼㡣ȺСŮڻأ

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ŷһŮϽֵķŷݵƬŻǺӷɿȥСʱŮ˻Ǻ̲ȻŮ˧챻Աšϰϣڵȴ˧˼ˡ
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ϰ嵹û˿η֮ɫ仰Ѳǵһ˶˵ˣûһ˸ҶҡүǮ֣ʶ㣬˵ҳ顣
ŷһ˫һϣƴһһƣǹ͵ȥɹȥʱûڴϰϡϰȻҲһЩ似ɾӶĻ᳤һڵϣվ
Աߵ˼֮øֵн˧˼ĲӣԴвŷһ
ǼֱһȺʣҶϲ𣿾ϲңҲӦ֪Ľװɣ
ܹ׵˲࣬Ӷ᳤֮һԱߵСɫŷһĽףѾٻɣŵæϵĸֵӵϣܶӡڵϵĴϰŵ򶼳ˡ
⿪ӣŷһ˧֪Ҹ˳ȥݺٸ㣬ȥɣ˵ܸϵϡ 
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޳ɶԾӵıʮֲΪӦô̨˱ȶֱǱŪȥĺá޳ɼ֣֮һΣȥ͸͸磬˶ӰӱƴϾ˧죬ѾЩˣԼ뿪Ļذɡ




53 ƴʿ

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ʮغϺѱӻӴ£ÿһ¶о类޴ػԳܡ˿ֻ̣һ˫ȭ뷢γɵ˫򽻲תգۼ͵˾ӸǰǣԾ𣬲ϣһΣһƫĶͷм䡣
һȭȥһȭزһȭأסأֻһδӸ߿£ǿ̨
޳ɡ˧죬ʿǵ
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ѪոӡĻüëþ룬־Ũüµ˫۾ʱ˴ֺ⡣˵伯Ӫ˸ȽĮеĴܵϸѵ似߳
ѪѷɫһѾǰ5Ѫմ˧Ļô伯Ӫͽȥһ˽ӶᡣѪܺߵ˧첢£ⲻ֪ھ˧ǰϾϸѪյ似
԰˵Ҫһˣֻо˵似о˵似˾ʤֻ50%£о˵似ԭ似˲һЩҲܴˡ
վ̨ϣûбʹһҵһƵŷ᳤似ˣ˧ѪյıƴνһƴĶԾ˭ʤ˭Էʧܣ˵似ԳΪʿ
ƺͬһʱ䣬ߵ·ϵķ޾ţ֪ѾʿҲ֪˿˧ѪҪн𡣵Ӷſڣպ˼˼档
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Ӱζ䣬Ѿʮغϣ˭Ҳû⣬˭Ҳܶ϶˭ʤߡ
˧䲻޳ɵĵӣ޳ɶ˧̬ȴӽ̾ӿʼ˱仯һλ»汸ѧѾܻ޳ɴӾ˽⵽һЩ˧Ҳ˧ˡ
˧첢ûƣҲЩģӵĿһֱ̨ϡ

45б˧ɨȥ̨ذϵĻҳ߸ԾγһŨ̡˧һԾѪյͷȥѪյһաţѪָָһǿ⣬Ѹٻ˧졣˧ҲηӶԷָ⣬һģƷۼһָʱŤתָԱʡ
Ѫոո޻֮ʣ˧һȱԷԺѹɹ֮Ѫձܹ֮ξأ˧һȭѪյز
ǿѪս˫Ƶؼ䣬˧˫ƻʱ˫һšȭޣ̨֮ϵƤζζһ£¶ѿ֮ɫʱһξȻգԽ̨µ˿Ͷ롣
ʿҲ֪֧˭ֻǾţϣһԾ־Щ
˧һǣϣá԰似һнھǣһֵѪҲƳһʽһʽҲ֮ͬ
ӰغһγһӰֻ߶ţգ֮ʮֻ󣬲˶ҪĲλ֮䶼ֵúܵλ
Ŵͻ˧챻ѪһУһĲ㵹ءѪռˣʤ׷ѸٸͻȻ˧췴һŸѪյĸϣָ˧һʽˡɨѪյĶϣѪջƤϡһ¿ɾˣ˧ȥΪʤԶһȵ϶ԷûеŵԷһŲƤϡ
һˤڵϡѪһ̤ʱˣһɨûɨжֵȴֲܴѹ
ԾĿһŶԷͻȻֹͣȶ˶ӹͻȻ֣ƴ
ѽѽѽ
䡪
ƻ̨
ǿ˧δԹ֮󵹷ɣƤ䴮ȥȽˣѷɼץסƤĶûѷɣӾ̨ϷȥʿǼ֮޲Ϊ֮ϾʿĿУʧܵѪһҪ˧죬Ӧû˳Ϊʿġ



54 

       ˧վǺܿ쵹ȥ
޶˧ʵڴѪա

ӶϢڣƹһ2׿Ĵ˧쾲ڴϣ˯úܰȻѾ죬λʤȴڴϻšһŮ۾գҲգ˧ӡҲֻеʱ̣˧Ŀϵĵλֵλĸòͬ˧µĻܡ
ûжкйĸоԴ˧ָֺоǱʱƣָоԽԽǿҡһ˧죬Ȥһû塣ɼ˧죬־ʵһҲûʲô
ĸԡϲ˭˭ʾúסտʼʱֻռ˧ӵеʯڼνӴУ˧Ӱϲ˧һָоĪһģֻһ飬ԶҲֻ顣ȻڶԷĿУ֮ô򵥣ĪǰѾ׷Լˣֻһֱָоûֱӱ׳ѡ
ϼӴ͸ڳϡӵķ⣬˧˧ϡɫͷڵ飬ŨŨüë˧òǮ˿̣˯ô꣬һոȥˡ
Ϊ÷һЩ˼Ͻ˴ӻ԰ժɫҶ˻꣬ÿƬϻǵĺߣڻƿ˴㡣
ǰߵĲϼûкѵϼ˵һһ
ˮˮ
˧ͷһһҰڶţ ˼һϲ̱ȥ
˧죬˼㣬ˣ
ˮˮ
ȥˣš
˼ˮʱ˧۾֪İ˼㣬һãȻ΢Цߵĸǰ˼ݸˮȰɣ˧졣
һˮ˧ˣʲôط
Ϣңո22ҽϹûд
˧촭黹ûȫãˣһǲǰܵúܲңȫǲ췢ˡ
˼һЦʤˣȻʤúܽң㻹ʤѪա
Ѫأȥ𣿡
Ѿ˻伯Ӫȥˣҽ˵ûд󰭣ʵ
˧ǺһЦʵһòʤģİӦҡ
̨˭ų̂˭ʤߣô˵㻹ʤߡһοˣЩΪ伯Ӫûгʿһֱһ伯Ӫǰ5ѼӪá
нŲ˼ֹͣ˧죬ϢҵšſˣӸ޳˽˼ڣ˼תߣ˧컽ɣλ
ˣӱ
˧΢΢һЦһǶǰ5ѾеˡһеøмԵĶʦ
޳ЦЦòŸмκˣΪʦһ似ÿʦּ
˼һ䣺ʧˡ
ӵһɣ
һ£˼ֱ꣬ȥ
һߣӴȤ˧죬ˣ˼Сͦϲġ
˧ûȤ£ԸǴһҵ˼˵ڽǰ5ֻ׼ʿ5б϶һ˻뿪Ӷᡣ
޳ɽ͵˵ô˵һΪʿ֮󣬾뿪ӶᣬĿУһһλʿ꣬԰ҲӶˣӶΪһλʦûкڣʦĵһĿꡣ
˧п˾԰ҵĶʦϣѧණһҪһһиԵˡ
޳͵ͺˡΪʦϣԼ̳ѧûˣʶһλѡһӦһŬ໥æԷ
һģõѡ
֨һˣֽһˡű߿ȥֻˡӪӺ޳æ񣬿ɷݿˡ  
òţӡѾʿܲ𡣡
ӺЦﻰʿǽҲǴӼӪ߳İû࣬ûҵĽ졣
ЩжɵĻǿԾ˵ģǰû㣬ҵĹҺŷ᳤Ƽ㡣
˧һ䣺һ似Ļ᳤ӦҲһְɣ
ҹɢֻʣ˧һˡ⣬˸Ǻƶ
´֫˿ܾûˣϧûʱ䡣ʯˣʦʲôأ뵽㽫ʯʯһȫʱһֺ˷ܵĸоԼ˳ҪһһǴֱֱӶĴ¥ҪҹԲ˵Ĺע͸ڡ
ǹⱬҿһӴǰγһӰᣬһɫףһװѳɫϣĿӥΪעĵط˫ź۾мᶨ֮ɫ
λ͡ŵ˧һɫҰ׵սһ䣺˭
ź׵΢΢һЦɫγڿп¼֣͡
˧첻ʵʦѣ
΢΢һЦҽҲʦĶӡ
˧۾һŶܼңȻʦĶӣôǾͬˣˣӦóǣǳΪܵأ



55 

       㡣
˧ӴĽ࣬űʮֺ棺ֵܣյʲôͦÿģ
Ļ𽣣ôĻɣвޱȡ˽ڵҹ⣬߶Ŀͨƹⰵ
ĻûĽ뽣֮й  
ܲܽƣ
˧졣
ӹһ飬ҫ۵ɫ3֣˧ҲЩԲûӾˣݸʱЦò˵ӦһѼֵ˵ı
磬ıҲֻǶҸ˵Ľ㰫Ҳδܹóñһ˵֣ͨһҰıָֻ߹ˡ
˵ĵλֻһ
Ҳô˵󲹳ȫûеλԴӽܽʮǵĵλѾı䣬ֻɻʵ۵񣬻ȥλࡣ
˧һ½жλأ
һλҡ
˧𣿡
һֲʶʵһܴˣֻ񽻸ǸӡڰаһЩǵˡһûкúʵ۾¶ǡ֮°ű˽ȫ񡣡
˺ã磬ɡ
Цڣɡָõġȡû𡣡
˧ˣΪʲôһĸûأ
ȥ񹫹ܻʱҪ㡣ˣһҸ׵Ϊʲô
ߵǰ˧ͳ𣺡Ҳûʲô£ֻǺܾûмʦˡոճΪʿʮر𣬺ʦġ
һЦûʲô㻹ǲҪҵĸףΪ񹫹ִȥһӰ⣬һǰ½뾭ܻ࣬ϣܱܣ֪𣿡
˧ãһעġˣֵܣˣ߰ɣӶڵʿ̫࣬˵ᡭ
һЦħʦҶδطֺοССʿӶʿȫҲẦµġ
ô˵ǷĻǻ𲻱Ҫ鷳ġ˵һǲϣ֪ǰ½Ϊ˱ҽ߰ɣ
ðɣסʱϵڰڣҵĸǲġ
ã
Ťһ£һΣպϳһ㣬ǵөһ򴰻ǵ㲻ˡ
⣬Ǻӽƣ紵¸䡣
ϱӣ˧쾲ȥ
Ӷ5ھУǰμӵıڶ࣬յʿʸμӡһ죬ʿӶᣬӪܷᡣѪǱλӪһܹܷ⣬ҫߵĽǱѵӪɣһ伯Ӫλ׼ʿ룬ѼӪ伯ӪӪҲǷݡ
ӶʿᣬħʦҲ֡һǰħʦĪħƮݡĪ߷ɡˣħƮѩ๫
ӶʵңװεúܻһΰڷڴڣһЩ;ߣԵ÷Ƿ˶Լӵˡ
᳤ڷ˵֮ͬУԵʮֿġżڱϯߣʱûзԡ᳤ĺѣħĻ᳤ħҲ޶ǰħƸŷһ£Ĳֻ࣬ħƱȽһЩѡ
˧½λ׼ʿͬһλϡ£ǵʵڲ˵ϯûпʼʱպࡣ
Ⱦϯںã˶󣬻᳤˵λ񡣲ǵĻ᳤ЩһվλһȻлҹ٣һʿѡλĽգҲʿӶգھ绹ûнʱǽף5λˡǣ伯ӪĶɡ伯ӪľӺ˧졢伯Ӫʽ伯Ӫϯ

ձ5Ⱥ᳤ǰʱ᳤ÿ˷һ֤ǣǱʾףأҲȻơ
ѼӪ֤ã˧ʱֱ飬͵͵Цˡ
ϯ䣬˧ʶħ᳤ħƣʶħƮݣһһĵıƮѩ˧һμƮѩֻһͱסˡ
ʿϯϣ˧𱭳λܿļңȻͬʱӶᣬһɣѲǼӪѧӦֵͬܡ
ã˧ֵ˵üǣɵ
ɳŰֺ룬Ǹ-˻Ѫرߣë˶ȴ١
ʽٱɣλֵһɡ
ϯһ侲ٱӭϹ˸һ໥һЦϯڻЦнСһͬŻ᳤˼ʱʱĿ˧죬Ŀ벻
ĪĿУ˼㲻Ưͬһֵ׷ĶĿУ˼һֱĶϱѡ˵׷˼㣬Ǽûչʮʧ׷ӵʱƺûзѶ󾢡
ŷ͵ܣɱ
Ī֣룡
ʱŷһĪֵơħƸԺܺˬ̸ڹڳϣĻǺ١ֻҪҪʱ˵ϼ仰
ĶŴ˸׵Ը񣬸һͨ¶侲
ϣһϯһϯ˼㡢˼꼰ƮѩһƮѩľ侭˼㡢һȴһֱǱž롣Ҳϲ¶ϣ̫ѡ




56 

       ϯ䣬˧첻ʱעǼˣﵽ뿪ᣬǰ˵Ļ5䣬ʱЦֻҪ˵ģ΢Ц˱˼㳤ƯЩ߻ʣڲͬ˧ȥλ죬Ǿƻʱ䲢򵥵ʽ󣬱˸ĸʧӶᡣ
˵ȥ˧Щ֪Ϊʲôעһȫɵˣһ֮һʱżҲḡ˵
Ȼ˲ûй£ֻ֮Ĺ»ûпʼ
ǰºһ죬˼ܵ2¥˧죬ػȦ¥ݱˣӣˡ
ԡŮԵñƯŵ˼Ʈ˧쵭ô 
Ϊ㣬˧죬⳿Ҳһʱˣûгȥɣһȥɣ
˧𣿡
԰ɢζ
˧ˣɣ
˼˧һЦ߰ɣ
ЦЦȥɣ˧졣
˧ΪЦҶԳǱҲǺ죬Ҳûʲôġˣܸܲңʲôط֡
˼һЦҪ֪Ļ͸ɣ
ϣƹͨ
ֵߵĵӪҵ١˼㣬˧Ŀš
ιϲԺֻҪ3ӾС
˧ҡҡͷҲϲ٣ڴ϶˰ɣ
Сӣþãԭ
İ˧Χס˧ȫʶˣ׹֮С
ʲôˣʲô
ǣ㵹ͦϴˣӵǱһ㡣
ڴӥˣ˧ǵֱ˵֣ʱԭԭǾǴˣ
ʵᣬѪĮֻ30ңһɫĲ£ĸֵ׷˧һһү࣬ûк룬üëҲŨáݴʵ׷Ǹͽӿ󣬺ֳ֣һעˡ
˼ձԼǰˣåŭιʲô
Ѫٺٹֵʲô棿
˼ȭŭߵĻ͵Ӷȥ
ǺЦСѾӻ20ɣôӶѹˣҿǰ׳ա
ɫ˧ƴۼƴƮƵ£ӰӰ´£˳ȥ
˧һѹԼ˴ӲӴܣƷϵĻҳ˷ֲ徰󡣴ǰκеһ˾ԶԸ˧죬ɰ˧似Ѿһܿµĵز򵥵һƾͽǵ
Ѫڶ㿪˧ɳһȣ˧һץס߹ĽţһŤһǸƶ죬ѪһУˤڵϡ˧Ѳͬգ顢׷໥Ѫ˫֣ɴܿˡ
յ似֣Ǳӣ˧˵˷ܡ似ûСҲһܵ˵۸ڣԽԽϲ似ˡȻֻǵûȫɡ
֪ôļһҪӵÿ죬ҷɱǲɣ
˧һЦòӥˣɱǿûʲôô
˼˾Ǵǰ׷ɱ˰ɣ
˧ͬ
ӥԽԽˣʱ򻹵ֿҪǹѪħ̵ӥûôš
㵹ͦϵҵġ
û취Ȩң벻ĹҴ¶СӥˣûȤҲ֪û൳Ҫ䵽û׼ǿأ
˧Ȥ㲻һֱΪɣôӥأ
£ߣʲôֻǲ̫¶ѡӥĻҲˡ
˧죡һŮ
δϼͷǰĲϼźףһѳ߰ѳذףŴһ˫ɫͲѥһ˫ƤףԵرĮ˧һֱϼû뵽ڴλӥͽ֮10Ӿͼ
˧粽ȥ˷ܵô㣿ϼ㣡
ϼԵúܽţҲҲǰ֮
ǵģң㻹һֱȥ㣬һûʱ䡣
˧ѲǰǰǸʲô¶ġӡȫѪħͽûɵġѪħɱ˹𣬵ȴʮơ
һֱ֪ȥϴʱҼһ˺㣬ҵһʧˡ
Ǿҡʱһ񣬲֪ѾӶʿҺܿģλӦӶ˼Сɣ
ôʶң
ò֡ѪħͽҪ֪һ˵Ǻܼ򵥵£˼С㣬˧ҾͷģǸܲˡȻǽӴãµӡֻһ޷ǡףǿ֣ˡ
˧еֻμߣ
òŻңѾ֪㡣ܣѪħǲѵģˡǰǶӣΪһľ䣬ҵļ޷ĥټˣ
˵ѾƮˡ˧վڽֵϣþʧǸ򡣾ϣϵ١Ŵæ˳һ޷ӿ˧ͷ
˼ƺҲЩ˸УͳҪҴĲϼ𣿡
˧㲻˵𣿡
ҡ
ǰƭң
˼ͷԲ𣬵ʱֻǡ
˧˵ûмҲ㣬Ϊʲô˵أǸƭӣ
˵ֱ꣬ȥߵúܿ죬˼׷ö׷ϡصӶ¥˧콫һڴϾ˯
ˡ
˧죬ҽ͡
ûбҪ
˵˧죬ҡҡʱֻ㣬ƭ㰡 
ˣ֪ˣȥɣʲô˵
Ͳܿҽһ¡




57 乫

       ̫ˣҲˣҪϢȥɣ
˧죡ܱܲ˵˼СƢַˡ
㣡˧ڴϣһƣˡ
תȥ˯ţ˧ֻýͳһԽͲŪң߻ħ㰾һҹ
顪
˧
˭
˧֣ң
Ǿӵ˧΢΢һЦԭǾ֣ɣ
˩ô
˧£ʱ˼Сվھ󡣼˧һһߣûк
ӺǺһЦ˧ëϲÿҰ
˧תϣû취ҾϰߡĽ壬ôڣǣϵ۲ûи״½
ӲЩ£ˣᷢʿ´ʿһ𵽽ߣѪǱôãһûϹأ
˧ҲȤϽζЩ԰
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ˣŮ͵˧ӣʿˣ¸ʿ𡣡
˼Сɣ
Ůһӣһʿ⣬ҡ˧ԽûȤõĻʿҫֻرϲʿɫʿӡϺ̣ŮͶʿ̱ӽӹȥɣѾˡ
޹Ӹȥʿ𡣡
Щ⣬˧ʾʾɫˣʧһ¡
˧ٺһЦȥɣҵ
Ӻλʿ¯ˡӴȤ
˧³֣
ʿڿֻƬŹ⣬ʮҫۡ˼ڳ˧봩ʿﲻ㣬ȳȥɣ
˼ܲʿֲҪ¿㣬ֻܴϱǣҪҳȥʲô
˧޿κεû취
ԽĻ˼Խü֪ѽ
ܾ֮ǰ֪ˡ
˼΢ЦˣҵĺҼңʱ㣬ʲô𣿡
ҸֲǺ죬ΪʲôҪ
˼һЦҪ˼ҿǳ֮ŮŶҪ֪ԴҪ˿ɲ١ˣô
аɣ
˼һ۵ˣÿƮݸŮѣòƯĻħͲᰮ
˧û˼Ͷ棬ʿ߹߰ɣҾȥ
ӻġ
Һ뵽涺磬һδʿĸоر׷װӦþû˸˰ɣ
Ȼվźľɫ 
ʿ˧켰Եر˧˧죬ֱһˡ˼㿴öˡ
߽˧ķ䣬ӵ߰ɣ
ո¥Īۡ˧Ī۶ʿû𣬼ƽơ֪Ī˳֮ӣ˧ԵúѺãðĪ֡
˧˼ߵ̫ػٿҲи񣬾к˧죬ЩŲһ²ŵã˧֡
Ī۸磬һ߰ɣѵĻᡣ
ȪҲù԰ΪǰӦôǳȥתת
ȪаĪ۵˼һ˧ĪȴݣܾȪͬҲֻõͷˡ
5жȥѪǱĽϣȪӽȥ乫ݡ乫֮˵ȥǰȥ乫˶Ƿ֮Ȫ֮ѡֻ乫ݳ˧ĳ
ѪǱõ乫ҲǾ500ʷһ乫ݡ˵乫һƴʦ죬Ŀֻôһ֮أ乫ԽԽܵӢߵע⣬ͳѪǱ乫ݡǰѰҶֵ߲١ÿ춼Լ߱ƴǴԼá
Ȼ˧첢乫£·ϣڲųڵȪν乫£˧ʮһء˵ʱѵһ乫ǰȪһָˣһ乫ݣȻûطȥ絽һΡ
˧쵱ߵ⣬һֻټĹݾִߣİϰţǰ˧ڼӪڵͬһȥĿɨһλƯüһӣߵ˧ĸǰûк
Ȫһ䣬öҷɵȥüȥ˳˵һлл˧첻ҡ 
ǵģ˸㣬乫ҪǮġԽǮԽ㿴˲ٰɣ
ȷѾࡣϢģвģҲжƴģ̨ھġλŰװĸߴ꺺һ۾֪ǹݵˡ˶ͣЩ̡
˽תӭŶԭǹͼݵҡ
ɣλʿ˵ĳӢʮ⡣Ӣµ᳤ʱ䲢10꣬ȴһλĹݳݳʱڣһ乫ڵ൱ġӢݳ似ˮƽһΪ֪Ҳûֹ



58 ̨Ӣ

       ȪѲǵһӢݳЦӢݳãþò
Ӣݳ˧ӣλѣҽܰɣҽӢ
ܸʶ㣬ҽ˧죬оӡ
ãӢݳӵ
ܸ˼λûмǴӦѡʿɣ
ô֪Ӻ
˼һ䣺ϴӶᣬӢݳҲμˣֻǲʶѡ
Ŷ𣿡˧
Ȼʿǰ絽̨ȥ¶ְɣʿŹݵἱġ
Ȫ˧ֵ似ѡλҲʾ˵ȻˣӦñֱ֣ʧȥ塣ɣǸѡһλ֣һΣ
˼֪ȪĪ۵似ͬǿɲУ˧졢ʿǻһξ룬ҿǹһٱȺһЩ
ȪЦ꣬ɴĥԳɸ֡ȻۺʵǱ˧졢ǿֻʱģһƾͻı䡣
һʱֳĬĪҲ˵úãȻˣôܲȾأֻҪҵ㵽ΪֹӦò˵Էġ
˧ͬλ˵ļǣҵҲͱһȰɣ
Ȫˬ˧ֵڲˣɣĪ۾䣬ԸԵ·˽⣬ǽ䣬Ҹӱȣ˧ֵĪֱΣ
㣡Ī۵
˼㰵˧죬¿ܵ
ԱһֱûвӢݳüëһȻλʿѾЭλɨ̨һԼලǵı䡣
ӢݳˡĪ۹ֵ
ضĪӡ
ҳɨ£Ӷ˿Ӣݳɵ̨Ͽ˿̨棬ΪѾûд󰭷̨λλԷʹˣӢĳȷĹ
˼ߵӢݳӢݳλӶʿӦõ㵽ΪֹΪӵĻ
ǵȻҾԲҵ̨ʿ⡣
⣬Ҿͷˡ˼˵˱ߡ
Ȫɵ̨ϣֵܸ˼λҽֵܹУл
ӷ̨Ҳ֪䣬ֻǹɨһȦû˵ˡ
֣ˡ
룡
ȪҲһ䣬һŸվ˵ƴֻƵɫɵƱϣһܵӸǰɴܵĶɵӷ˼Ӹںη϶ദܵÿһʹġ
ֻǿʼȪõֻСþ̨ϷȥĻûŪˡԹӣӻȫʹһһ顣
ʮغӾûаԷıߣ̨µʮ⡣ĿͷǶûж𣬿ɾȪֱǲ̫ˣȫʹܵӲţܵȪŲ̄ܵߵİܣ˧һʵڿȥˣ棬ͻȻȪһ̨ˤϡ
ˡȪһ̨֣µ˵
˧ӣҲ˵ʲôʱˤû顣˧ĪۡĪ۵似Ȫߣ˧ԲǶ֣˼㲻˧ˣ˫̫ˣΪûûٱȵıҪ
ȪЦʲôҲ˧ֵǸ֪Ѷ˵ˣ
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˧찵ѾڻʱȴĪ۹СӵĮӺĪ˫һѹڳһʽһǿƼŶţ˧Ƴһơ
ɫһ˧죬ӰѺĿʱԶʮֻּĪ۵˧죬Ե쳣Įһƣ޷֪˧֮Уʵ׼˧̨϶һЩʱ䣬Լúýѵ
ʱ˧оȻδԹģʱ˵һθǾ޵м龰ȻǾ޵Ӷ似ڡֱ֮ۼ䣬֮оԳܡ
Ϊ˽ѹֻȵ϶֣ϣѹǴģ˾ͻᡣĪ۵һڣ˧ϡ⿴һھȻ˧ֶѵĸоΪ֮ӻζһվˡŸովĪɨһ֣˫ȲߣȲպ˧ϡ
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˧죬˫˧ضһơһ˶ͣĪ۴ΪһԽ˧̨ϻ£Ȼ̫߹Լˣ˧ֻ˼վ̨ϣˤ̨龰̨µȪһ
նĪһ360ȿշԾ˧죬׼˧ߴȥһѧ似֮һŷһǰѧ߸ڡǣһʩ󣬲ûյеЧһ˧첻Ųæȵץס뷢ͷȭʱȻȭͷһЩɶһûСĿˣȭͷȻʧȥԭе
ȭս˧ͷضĪۣһвʲô似ȴʮִЧ˧ħˣȻĳЩǿͨˡ˫һռƵ˧죬ԲĪڿǰ䵽̨ʱСĹڵϡ
ʿԣ̨ϹǺʧӵģǿ¹һ衣˿̣ⲻСĵʧʶ̨ϵϾ̨ϵ˶֪˧ֻһλոսӶ׼ʿ
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ӵ۾һֱôţ˧ܴ漣Ե쳣˷ܡ
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Сˣ͵ҵı㽻ҹȻֻϺ꣬Ȼ˵˧ĽǴĵ͵ġ
ŲµĴ䣬֡һ֪ǲǶ֣˧붺ǣϰ壬Ը⽫㣬ֻ3000öҾˡ
3000öĽɭҲɵϣ͵㽣Ҫҳ3000öңֲǴƼңֵǣְɣ
5´˧ɴ˧׾Ͷ㿪ǵķɴһʱȴվһЦǼҪѾһѷΧ˧죬˧ץס˧һΣֲˡôʱ˧콫ǵԴץסһ𣬴ǵԴһ󶼻ˡ
ͷ£ֲ׷˧Ծһɨ㽫⼸ˤڵء˧ֲ֪мˣæӣ˧׷ȥÿϻһƺǻڵϡ
ҼƲ˼ȥ˧ָ룬ָָ䵯ȥպûڶԷıϡһеڵϡ·˼򶷶Χš
˧̧ҵ°ͣ㲻Ҫѽ𣿺ãҽ㣬ȥɣ
ү
˧Ϊİ࣬½û̫ƽҷһ㲻ɡ
ԷҪԼ̹ߵͷ𣬴үĹСһɣСҲˡ
ɱǣһΪѾ˺ˡ
ǰǰɵǡ
˧컹ûɱˣһʱ²֣һӹȥնָұնָһУվһ·ȥǼߣӵñ˭졣
죬˧ܵڶڵĺøУΪ˰˵Ŀ⣬ʧڽֵϡһ߽ȺС
Ӷˣ¥ζ˱Ƕûнҵֻ¥ķˡƬתʱ¥ħ۵ħʦħʦ˧۾һ
ħʦһ߳һܹССˤڵϺħʦҲûȥǾֱ뿪˧ΪħʦԣΪħʦС˵ʲôҲӦ÷˼ڵصСۿ޹ֹʱһ˹ˣλħʦ䡣ħʦĶȻǿںǣ˸ߡ
λ40겻ĸŴ绹ȥӦλ֮ޣҲ˸ƽձȽţԭΪħʦԶˣû뵽ͻȻɻһʱԭءûзӦһλħʦ˸һ⡣
û뵽ħʦȻִŮˣ˧챾Ͳ޳λħʦڸӷУǰλħʦǲܹΪħʦ۸Сأ
˵ħʦ˧쿴һϹ𣿡
˧ߵôᣬôǵϹأ
ЩħʦȻ㲻Ϲ¾޹أվһȥ
˧ЦΪħʦҲ̫޳˰ɣ
Գһħʦ˿ֿˡ
˧Цá
ħʦͻȻħ۷ɶħͷϾİͷڶħ˧첢ħħʦħȻһ⣬֪Լȫһ絽˧ɵϡ
˧ѹʱһźĴϡ
ոѹδĴߡ
˧ޣô
֮Ůش𣺡ո27̧ʱҼ㡣Ѿ27ľսħʦ治򵥰
Цˣħʦһܲˣʲôġ
޵˵Ѿ׼ʿˣΪʲôӶأ
˧춯ллĹģ˵ʱٸϸ˵ɣˣô



64 

       ΢ЦصڵģȥӶҵĸĸͬ⡣
˧ǺһЦʵӶͦģһҲܳΪʿĻҾͻȥӶѾˡ
޵ӻʱԼ档
˧ЦЦ԰ɣˣܸܲ㵹һˮ
һ˧ӵһˮ
һ̹ڵˣ16꣬һˡһϲžĽ𷢣۾ɫ°ͳ⣬Ȼ˵ͳһЩ˧ŮͲ࣬ǰһȴǰ伯ӪŮҪƯЩģһ޳òߣηýӽŮûƯ ûйϵ˵ξõıǮ
λֵһŮͣ˧۾һ
ˮӷŵߵϣ˧춯ޣЦЦδ㣬ȴǰƯˡ
˧ȢЦˣ˼㣬һһأ
˧վӸʱ䶯ʹý޿ЦˣҼһûչѾ߸ף˵ʿ֪ͨӶᡣ
仰Ҿͷˡ
͸ĹԽԽӽСʱУʱһȥĵһЩ޹ؽҪĻ⣬ȴôͶ롣
ӴվЦ˧磬ˡ
˧ЦûϵҲˣԸܹվ졣
ҵܹǿӦûɣ
̹һȽϳɫĹл԰֮ͤء35ǰ޵ĸ̱һλССӶӶĴս˺ͣΪʿۺΪǱһ޽˽̸˵̵һҲгɾͣڳǱҲ١
峿⻽˧졣һʹ˧û뵽˻῵ô죬䣬ߵС԰ڣеС԰ڵرߣһ羰
ͨһ󲡴˶ϲһߣһ
̸˧⣬ֻʶ˵27衣˼䣬ͻȻһ
ˣ㻹ðɣ
תһǰһߴֵ꺺ӣһˣʹ򶨵ܹʲôҲ󣬻ǾþɳԭŹͭɫϴһֱ˪ϴٹĺۼһ˫üë䲻ǺŨ۾ȴܴ󣬿ʱƺ׽ŪŶԷ˼
ͨһ׺ɫĳ۵ˣ뵽˵λ˵ĳ۲ͼеҲ൱
ϵ£໥һۣЩİ˧컹ȿ˿ڣûв´ĻλӦþǴ˵е̹ɣ
á˵СڹάԷ
̹ı滺࣬ӲЦЩѿЦһ˸оˬ
ǰᵽ㣬˵ڼӪֻ˰ͳΪʿ̫š27˵սħʦҾˡһûеɫǳɲ˴ġ
ߵˮرߣ̹ף˧Ҳᵽ£35ǰ㻹ֻһССӶܹĵλûгڵĲŻȻ
̹ҵĻԻѾˣʱԵĻԸˣҸȥԼ졣
֪ʱˣ׸˧죬һ˧ʲôأ
һЦûʲôֻģˣӶ˧ӡ
˧ֲǴòŽӵġ
̹ʧһӣӶһֱѰ䡣
޵˵񹫹ڱ߾սرأħǱɳ˲ӶҲб֮ʣӶӦûһǰȥ߾
̵߾ɱеѾȥˣǿħΪʨ񹫹ϼлΣա˵15ǰɴħʦһλĳˣ֪ںη
˧һˣʲôˣ
̵ҲǺܾҲǺ¡Ϊħ˵ĵƫƧĵطһҲӦþĥΪáΪѰħˣɴӢǱ̽ѰֻҪ˳֣ᱻΪ
˧֪̹Ϊ֪£
˵һֱѰħ˵䣬˲4֮ãֻǲ֪䡣
˧ħôҪ𣿡
սҪǽ˧˧֮ľʤֱӰ쵽սʤ
˧ħʲô𣿡
ûУֻܸоǲǡ
޿Цһ˵ˣҾΪ˧е񡣡
˵ħעħģôʿأޣڵ˵µʱһٲΪ
֪
˵ͺҵŮУ۰һҲΪһ
̹ҡҡͱȡЦŮˣҲ˧ﰡ
ŶˣǲǶ˧˼
㻹˵ŮԺ󶼲
ŮҲֻܹǣΪġ
ܵĽŲ̹ϹܼˡߵߣˣӶ˼С

̹˧һۣ˼С𣿡
޵ЦˣôأǿһԺѡ
Ůеĺ壬Ȼ˧ѣɣҲܾûи˼С㵥ˡ



65 ˧

       䲻Ӷװεû㹻ɡ밲һϯ߰ſϯϰڷŲ豭ƱԱ߻վˣӶˡȨûӶҲָӶȨļ䲻٣ڹҵĹƽտȨԣûָȨ
˻᳤֮Ů̹ȻҴ˧ڵȺ˼ĵܼͽ˼ˡ
̹һ˼㣬ӭȥͼ٣ҡ
һף˼Ҳ̹
̹Ц˼˺ᣬӦΪ˧ȥɣ
ǵģģ
˧վҲ𣿡
˧콡վǰ˼ϲŭҪ֪˧ʧ켸ҹû˯ã˵̸޲ϱ˿̼˧죬ƽʯͷҲ˵ء
ںʾȴװźƽ˧˧죬ԭӶ̹ĴѰ㡣
̽͵˼С㣬˧Ҳǰġ
Ŷ
̵ȻҪҵ˾˧뿪ɣ
վԱߵ޲һ䣺ȻˣӦöһʱѽ
˼ʶޣܾòˣޣڼӪ˧ѣ㣬Ҳ֮аӣӦúܿİɣ
ˣ˧ǰϲġ
˧ҲȥӣҲû壬ȻӶңǾһȥɣ
˼һ㲻ٴ𣿡
˧첻õҴʲôѽֲӶᡣ
˵ҿǺŶ
˧δһͳ̫ˡ
ǰ
˧ˣӻ𣿡
㲻ڵʱҲܷģһûѣ˸һ⣬û˭ܸߵһˡ
˧ЦЦǰûңӦûġ
ɱһ뿪ͺüҪ֪û㣬ӻܵĵġ
ʵȾӸ
̹ӶᲢԶصӶᣬӺһЦʱһλԱ˧߹ԱרŴݻ᳤Ϣģλʿһ㡣ӶĴԱһ10
˧죬᳤ȥһˡ
Ʋһʱʧ̫ã᳤׼ѵˡ
˧Ҳ׼ĻҲûл˵ʧһ¡
ӶѲ᳤꣬ŷһǵһ̸᳤ұȽϿװεúܻľɳϲ˲⡣ڹʱŷһԵñȽ᳤߽࣬ңڱϵĻ᳤˧ԵЩ
ŹϺ󣬻᳤ֱ̧
ɣˡ
˧ͷվľɳϡĬһӣŷһʱȥ
Ҳ˵׷ĸ˵һƫƧĵطǴľһһѺڽָһλħʦ֣˺̹ô򵥡
ŷһ˵ͷҲû׷ʣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡

һ񽻸㡣
Ŷʲô񣿡
ŷһһӶȥ߾ɱС
˧ʮּⲻһֱ
㲻ȥһѵõĺûᣬΪͻΪпܳΪ߳Ϊس
˧ĿǳΪһλ˧һܺõĻᣬûд̵ľ飬ᣬԸ񡣡
ŷһǺһЦٺòڽӡ㣬ӡǰȥߵѪӶţΪ׵ųͻѪӶȥ߾Ǵ˧ľӻϰɣ
վӻ᳤һ˳һɫӣӽҿӡ̨һӡ̨ŵ˧ǰ
һƴĽӡӡڵϵǡһ뵽õӡ֮쵼һӶɱУ˧˷ܡ˵ʵڵҲܴӶ᲻ȥΪһʿҫɱУʱصǱһ
ӡº˧һҪ󣺡᳤һҪܴӦ𣿡
֪˵ʲôҿԴȥ
˧һϲֻҪӸԼ;оͲįˡ뿪᳤ң˧ޱ˷ܡȺʱľӼ֮ӭ
ûѪͷɣ
˧ٺһЦôأ᳤ǸˣңҲֱӵġ
ӵʲô
ǾҪ뿪ˡ
ʲô˼
᳤ҪҴһӶŵ߾ǴʦľŻ͡
ЩսһпᣬⲢǼֵ˷ܵ鰡
˧һλ˧һֱҵ룬Ҳܷᣬ㲻ԸȥҲһҪȥġ
ӺǺһЦôأĵطҡ
ҵĺֵ




66 ɵ

       뵽˼㣬Ӳһ䣺ˣ֮˼ô죿
˧ʶûֻõȻĻ᳤Ů
ӵҿóϲ㣬ˣһĵġûʱ
˧ҲܸоֻõΪˣΪŮ˽˹ңǻᣬΪһŮ˾ͷԶĿˣǲõŮ͵ġ
ӵĻã֪ʲôʱ뿪
ʱ仹ûжӦò˰ɣ
ŷ˧һ
ֽǰסġ˧ҪߵϢܿ촫˼Ķ֪˧Ҫߣ˼ʮֲȣҪҵ˲˧죬ĸףΪֻҪĸ׸ı˧Ҳ߲ˡ
ŮҪԼĸǼ׵顣ص᳤ƽɳϡŮʱ̧ͷ
ˡ
һ˼ͿżɽΪʲôҪ˧ȥ߾ɱУѵûбʵѡӶʿ200ˣڹҲ100֮ϣŽһʿɳȥɣ
⻹ŮһԼ˵һھͳ˻ҩζλ᳤ʮֲ嶯һŷһײ
ûжŭҲûкãŷһԲһûй˼㣬һˡʵѡΪѪǱʿǱʿûв´ĻӦϲҲ㲻ǽӴʱ٣ǣҲ˽Ķɱһλǰ;ĲӡŮܹһȡԵ֣ǿһûҸġΪˣ֪˧컹ûнȫ˼ڶŮ˽ϣΪҲмġ߾ɱУֻǼ£ʱ䣬ôʱ䣬Ϊһλɫʿ
ʲô£ꣿ˼һƬհףҪ֪㼸ûм棬ľ񶼻ġ׾ºٸı䣬һġ
ֻ˿ϣҲŹŵͲܻһȥҲû
ӣ㳤ˣһô꣬Ӧ֪Ҵµ硣ӡѾ˧죬ûҪҿó˧Ҳϣ߾ɱС񹫹ͽʨţֻħһССĳǰҪǻȨ֮Զûлȥ
ײԸı⣬˼Ȼ㲻Ըı⣬ͲŮТ˳˼ˣŮҲˡ
˵꣬ʧڷŮֽŷ᳤Ҳ׷ȥͨŮִʱҲֻмˡ߷ܹ⡣߷˳40겻ŷ˴ŵ˯£㷢ûԵúң岻̫ãЩС
һô
᳤̾ϢոոŮ˿ڽǣ
ΪʲôŮһܹԵġ
᳤пһ򽫰ڵһλһᡣһҶŮ˺Ȳѡ
ŶΪʲô
ŷһϸ˵һ
飬ŷ˸еԹТȫڹҺͼ֮ͥ䣬Ӣ۳ѡǰߣȻеĿζ˭ܹᡣ
ŷһˣ𣿡
߷һһ˼ۡͷЩ裬˯ˡƢ֪ģһ򲻼Ƴ𣬵Ըͨ˾ûˡѪǱߵԶûйϵֻҪؼҾûˡ
ãˣϢɣ
ܵŮλķ˻Ҫصϡŷһɳϳ˿ûٺ

뿪Ӷʱ̿쵽ˣ˼뿪һֱûϢҲ֪ȥ˺ηΪ˽飬ŷһᶯȨͨ˿Ůʧôãλ᳤ƽ͵̬
˼ȻŷˣŮʧĲأһֱڴϺŮ֡ҺãŮСɰ˼ܻĸ׿ģðοĸס
ΪŮĹϵŷһЩ˧죬ԴֺŮˣùִΪ죬Ҳ׽Ū͸˿̣¾˧쾡뿪Ůʱ֪˧첻ӦҲˡԣԤʱǰˡ
᳤ŷһţڵȴ˧켰ӵĳ֡ƿˣ˧һ߽
ˡ
ǵģ᳤ˡ
ܺãòŶ˵Ҳ֪һĿģ߾δ߹ǰȥҲѪǱɱǰǰЩʱѾ齨ѪӶţӴŽӡǰɣΪѪӶŵųΪų
Ϊųʮ˷ܣл᳤
ŷһȥɣǾ㣬㵽Ѫȥ
ǣ᳤ˡ
˻᳤ңȴǾ޵Сֻһ£Եúо񡣶Ӳһ˧ѺһЦǾɣ
úܲ
ӵǾæЩʲôأ
Ǿ޵еǲǰһȥӪһ似
ˣ԰ô
ӣ˭֪һܵ͵
Ӳһ᳤ûҪȥѰ˼Ҳ֪ȥ˺η
Ǿ޵пЦҲͦģҲ㵽һĸҲĵطѾ뿪ѪǱ
ûôذɣΪʲôҪ߰Ǹ㲻ס
Ǿ޵еɵ˿ܷĪ˼ϲ˭㲻𣿡    
˧Щ»Ƿٱ˵ɣѪӶȥҪ



67 ѪӶ

       ѪӶ齨һ֧ţӶ3000ǧȫһɫˡҲΪ˧׼ģܹΪѪӶŵų˧ҡԸǴ֧Ӷڱ߾һҵ
ѪӶѪǱߣӪռǺܴ˧ûǰȥ֮ǰһλµѪӶŵĴųƽհŲȫ
ȥѪӶ·̲ԶСʱ͵ˡǾ޵д糱Ĵ֣չһƫƧɽٹһɽһƮ졣ħġ
᫲ƽСϣйսĻ⣬Ǿ޵˧˽⵽һЩо̵ĵ
ºһʯ·ɫֲ  ѪӶŵľʱ߳ 
ӽӪʱסǡΪ׵ӳһɫӶ򴦹һǣΪӼ
ʲôˣӳ
˧Ҳûи£ֱӳʾ˽ӡӡһ8̹ڵϣͬμӴˡ
ɣȥų
ǣˡ
ټľӪλųܲӪĻҼͼһ뵽ԼѪӶŵϴ˧˵Ŀ֡ӳĴ£ܲûʸܲһλӶϹǵļһסӳȥ·С˵˼仰λĶӶ̹
ˡ
ȥɣ
ӶܲģΪӦսӶŴһʼѧҰʱÿӶı޿Ρ
ռ䲢ıܲۼѪӶŵľӢȻЩӢǻûвμӹսо̵ȴʮ˽⡣˧󣬾ͱ־¿ӶżΪ۹
ڱܲʱų¡һѾٵˣƤЩҴֲڣŹдµĺۼһ˫򶨵۾ʱһ˿飬ܹ۴ˣ˵ĸоǳȡ侲档
Աмλ֣һλյĺЩ⣬ЩϽɣ˧ʱЩϽͻ˳̨˧ĳ֣־µȥӡϣ¼˲񡣵Ȼ˧ļߣǽӡ㼶͵սӡߵһҪʾ
£˧ԵúѺãǾ޵Ҳйµ飬һ͵ҼųʱڶȡùδսʤǹĹ᳤ѪӶǰȥ߾ӦǴ˧Ų㻹¡
׵ǰͽӵ᳤֪ͨѪӶžͽˣҽԼĲȥӶḶΪʮ꣬ҲӦûȥϢˡ
Ǿ޵ЦϵܣҲͬɣҶҪˣҲĻͶˡ
λǰ໥Ц
˧ҲЦڶ죬ų3000Ӷ˧ΪųҲ˧쿪ʼսġ
ųһֵȥ˧ЩмҲôһ죬ԼҲһսһ˿̣սĲŸոտʼ
ųֶԿһᣬһ˾ӡΪųµųڱм䣬Ȼر硣
һֱңٷԡ˧һλʦӶûоʦǲеġԡûвμսҲܿ϶˭׼ȷս
Ҫ󣬴˴ǰȥĵطħ񹫹ٵĽʦǱͼǺܿȷȥʦǱ·ߡȥʦǱһҪ2ǱΪִ߾˧첻ͨǱֱӵ߾ȥ
ѪӶǰȥʦǱ֮;ӶŴӳžǰܵڶڵͣһƥħ޵˧Щᡣڳűߣ᳤ǰͣ⻹λħʦ滹Ҫһ˧ʮֲλħʦǱˣǰЩʱλλħʦҲϳͬһ㣡
ԭʶŷһ
˧ʶλħʦǴҵλħʦ
ŷһһЦԭһǰȥ߾ϣǺ졣
λħʦ˧ӶǰʦǱһÿӶŶħʦսʱһħʦĽħʦȹ֮ǰʿӶս
䲻ϲˣҲûа취¡λħʦ뷨Ҳ˧ࡣ
ҽ˧죬λأ
ҽһ
һ£ֻһЩѡ˶ǰˣһԳİɫɫ۾ʱʱĺɫһЩŨʰΣûк룬ֻǳѡ  
໥ʺãŷһЦȻλҽܣҲͷˡֻԸǰȥʦ·ܹƽദԹħʦʿܹദǢġ
ӲһòŵģҶħˣЩڣҲӦ÷
˶һԸ¾̫ƽˡŷ᳤
˧˵ȥʦ·;ңԶҪ£Ȼʱٸ᳤ġ
ɣ
ߣħϵ˧һӵ
λħʦ˧ߣλħڡ
ƺƵ뿪Ǳʼǵս֮·
˳ţһ޼ʵĲԭһĸоӿ˧ͷոǱһһͬҪдһµս֮;ܷ̫ƽ



68 

       һ·ͦƺƵӶǰ˧죬һƥħޣ綦ĺѾҲһƥħޣ˧ߡԭϵķܴûʱġһ޳ѵóԭϵķ⡣
˧ϲȻϲɽɫϲԭħڲԭСѪǱһ꣬ȴһλСɫӶų֮λֱǰ޹ˣߡԭϵĿһŴʣ˧ͣϢ
ԭ󣬵Ҳ·̣ǽ֡Ȼڱȴ˼Ҫײеޣ𼸸˳ҲǺġ˧ڴĴֲĴ֣ûж޵Ĵ֣ײи͵û֪һˣħʦҲû취
죬
˧סħͣĲҲͣħϵ˧˻ֵλ첻ˣȼ𣬰Ӫկɣ
Ӹ˧Ļһ䣬ţ޳ͣλħʦҲƿӳ߳
Ӷǿʼ˰Сʱң˧ϰһ˹һСõҪöࡣ
ѹǳ֦Ҷո̡ȻںڰҹǼ֦ͷ̾ġ
ȼţкܶѣ˧һγڸǿ⣬һӰӳ˧Ժ
˧촫һУϼίʵ㲻һֻÿܻ
ʲôأӵ
˧һû˵Ů
Ŷ˭أ
вϼѪħͽ
Ѫħ̵ˣôʶ
˧ЦʶżȻ
˧˵ӺٺЦҸ۵ȥŮ֪һս·ϣֻʲôˣ
С˧ųô㣬һӦûһȴǸˡ
Ǹͷ꣬٣ûг룬һкӶȽϴ󣬿ǶһŮһƻĽƤʮۻ˿رҪǸ죬һΪǸŮӡǺܾã˧ȴŴ˺ӦǸꡣ
ЦŮһ˧Ъ˹Цˣ滳ǸŮЦƻϵƺܹˮ
Ůһˣ˧ų˵Ů˺ҿˡ
ӵ˼Ǹк˵˼ң
˧Ц˵ˣСõݸң̫ˡ
ųˡ
ڿϽ˿ڣ˧޲ڣۣ̫ˬˣҼԵζ⣬ˣСʲô
ЦЦۡ
ԭˣѹֳô֪Ұ
ǺһЦ˧ų˵Ȼϲ
ЦЦͦעġ
ΣգҵҪҲҪ
˧ЩжʵĻûа⡣ļ˧ֵܣҳˣһ㡣
ѾһЦ
ԱߵһλӶһ䣺ųҲôͳΪʿųӦ似ǷɣβôŨŨʱֵǰһ¡
ǰǰ˧ų¶ְɣ
˧ҫֻ˶Լ似Ҳþܾ׼ʱӦñԼڴǰһ£ɣ㸱ųӸʾһ°ɣͬһӪģ似֮¡
⼸Ҷ˧쿴ų֮ųߵСΪ˾ʮֲԭΪųӦøųһ磬ɼҶĿ˧ϣԼĹ⻷ûչֳ
лһ£ȻŹ
ðɣҸұݱݰɣ
վһȺСҹ˹֣ž似ĸߴˣ似ԵøÿһڳӶ޲¶ɫ10ӵıݲ̫ãԱܼӶ˹ƣվԶûмҲŹһ߼ٷԵλħʦһֱֳĬ
ħʦ߰һ˽֪似Ҳƽλħʦûйƣû˸оסҹʱλħʦҲûиҶ˵ֱӻȥˡҹˣ˧վʽ˯
ɽ㲻˯ҲҲȼţҶ˯Ƶ͵£Ӻ˧һŴϣͬ˯һʱ˯ţ
˵о𣿡
ӦаɣɾУҪҲס
Ϊʲô
һֱӱడ
Ҳ֪ôģҪܼͺˡ
ԵĻѣûԵĻһҲ
ˣӦлӴ鰡
Сʱһ㸸ʱǼ飬Ѿܾˣֻǵþ鿴ϣ°ʹŰɫĺ룬ǴñӣʥˣҾҲмˡ
˧̾ô˵ˡҪܼͺˣǾħ     
ЦҪ𣿡




69 Ϯ

       ˧ȻҪΪ⣬ǲиŬţӣһҪ
ӵһֱǱݣ뷢ɾԸ࣬Ļ㽫ȫĵˣҿ㻹Ǳѧ֣ѧħ񲻸𣿡
ҲŲѧħأҾҪѧɡԸûЩħʦǵһͻ
һЦϴħʦǰ˿ͷ˵ⷭɣˣҹˣİɣ
ãǺ顣ھ˧ոֹͣʱĻ£žž졣
ȻٴҲӰǣõһƤƶɵĵ겼ϺұȽϰ󡣵Ƥɵǵβġ
˯ˣ˧ȴû˯ţӵĻӰ顣Ϊ࣬Ҳ£ϣһ಻ֻ֤ħѷɫʦԼ̬ȣ˧첻Ϊǻģһи飬ԡ
ţҲ۾ǣո˯һС
޵
˧ƿ˳ȥҹһƬڣ޷κεط겻ϵ˧ϣָֻƽû޼ѭ˧ֻûصϵʪѣڴߣ˯˵ڶ죬һƿˡ
ųˣ̤ƽ30˲ӰҶ˵޸ɵġ
ҹ˺̫ڣԺηĶãҲ֮⣬Ŀֻܾλ߼ħʦˡħʦԲΪ˼Ӷ޹еġ
ȳȥװȥ
Ҳȥ 
ѣ˧Ķ
ų
ٲұµĵط̤ƽֻ޴Ľӡλã޵ĽӡֻһȻ߾һ֮¡Ҫҹ꽽ʪ˧Բֻﳤȥ
Ӷʰ˧쳤̾һû뵽⼸λȥ߾ɱеʿ޸ˣҪټֻޣҷɱɡ
λ̫ˣҪǰĻôš
ˣԶȻһޣǾͿ߰ɣҹֻ޳ˣ˵һҪ֮뿪޵Ļ򣬷ܻġ
λħʦҲˣħѧȣûһλ߹Ѿˣٶ˵Ҳûá˧ֵ˺ˣӶǣʦǱͦɣ
ħޣ˧ִӶţʼ֮··ߣ˧첻úڽӿߵĲ֦ľһĺڽǸģû뵽˲񵶡֦Ҷ䣬һֵš
󣬾Ӷ˧죬Ϣһɣ㡣
ĵǰųøųɣ
ðɣҲѵʱ򡣡
ʱŷһ˾һལȱ˧õĺڽҪһЩ
˵棬ӱ㿪ʼӲ·ں˧šû˧ĵٶ࣬λ޳ħʦٶ࣬ƿ̽ͷ
ǰ淢ʲô£
޳Ĳ̫࣬߳ȥҲףųˣ·ǸųٶȻһЩ
һֹʲôʱ˻ֻ·ǰĻ˵ֻֻޣҷǰơ
һɳȥ˾ӵߡ˧һħʦҲ簡
һߵҿûˣٶȸ·һҲ˲ʦǱҰɣ
ħʦ˵꣬еħһҡһŵħһɨľȫȵһȫڵϡħʦǲŪɳ׾˽ǰˣ޷ǰǰߡ
ǰǼһƬ˧޿κεҪָղŵٶ߶ˡ
һħһΣħ࣬Ҫ뽫ڵϵ֦Ūߣõħ󣬿ҾŪǰ֦·һߡ
ʱҲɹǰľȻ׹һ·Ҳٶ˵תɻȥҽ֦Ūɣ
һħ͸ЮɫƮȥɵ֦˸֦˱̧ſǰֿͨˡλħʦѾʩħҲﲻǵæˣֻ˿
˧ֿʼ·ǰеٶȻǺֵ·ԲԭʱֿʼӪ꣬滹ܳʪ˧òײȼѡ
ΪֹϮ˧׼ϴ֮ԸޡͣҲܶԸӽ3000šټλħʦ໥
ȣӶаʽٽ̫⻹ɲӶҹأһʹлңǰ֪ͨ˧֪ҪԸߴ͵ޣûйǲɵģǣҪԱʱܹ׼ӣʱҲЩҲã꣬һĻһϨһ޼ɵ
ʱ˧ĻδҲӶ˧һӡûУǣĿУÿһӶԼѡԼûн߾װ
ĻЦû죬ҶҹѲ־壬˭±ߵԼӶ벻ǣûг֣һҹల£ֻû˯öѡڶӶʱû˭õģҶ˯ţԱû
˧Ҳû˯ãʱȦǺġ
ųû޳û˧ʱ
ûоͺãС֪ͨңǰ
̾ϢҹҶû˯ãֻ¡
ӵܲôˣ뿪Ҫһ֣Ǵ˹ԭʱһǧڲԭһ۪ӥǱĲԭ⡣



70 ޽

       ˧ˬЦǾ˽ң˾뿪⣬ûѡءҲ·ôҾֻۣҪҴ񣬾ûˡ
Ȼλųô˵Ҳû˵ˡȥֶ֪ͨӳҪӣ
ȥ
⣬Ӷſʼ̤֮·ֵ·䲻ߣҲҪǰһ·ϣ˧ǰæնһԵ˳
ӶǺ˧ûлᶯŲиӶǣ˧еԸжս֮·˧ΪųȴҪҪȫĺԸ񹫹ɧҷӡ
ħޱߣһֱͬУ˧챣ֺܵĹϵ˧ϲжˣϲĺߺͳʵ
ħ˧ǰͷֱָӣ˧붫ദһӣ˧첢֪ʱѯ
СӶŶˣ
һ겻
ŶûģҶͦϲ㡣
΢Цôоأųҳô
˧ʮ⣬ֻͨŮŻʳ⣬̲סЦЦ󣬵Ҫ𣿡
ŶǵǡҾųú˧ģҪųô˧ͺˣ˶˵̫˧˶ûʲô£ȴһ˧ȴб¡
Ĺά˧첻ϲʽĹάСĹάȴϵġ
ҪҪһǰһһﲻ£ҺñһλѪħͽ½ŵųʵòĽңҲĳһ죬ҸгϢ
ЦˣԸôһ죬ܹųһ㹻ˡ
˧յһʲôãֲܸʲô
ųɱ˵ųѧණ

һ޺ˡֻ˧졢ֻħ޵ǰͬʱ̧żһЩ棬жҪǿöࡣ
ħϵ˧ں˻ɵǰȥˡյǰ棬ͼһֻȫʺɫľ޴ޣ˧һֻޡ޵˫۳ɫӺܳ죬ֻһߡµĵطǳͷʱÿһξͻˮµ޹޽ǣ޽Ǿ̵һ׽˵ĶӴ̴һҧκˣԺ׽ҧأʳ
ֻȻĺޣ˾ɫˡҲǰŵǿ󣬻û׼˼˧վǰ棬ҲվΣյλá
ԼҲӶ˵¡վľལ˧죬Сģ˵޹ٶȼ죬ǻСЩ
˵֮ʣ˧׼޵۾̹ȥ뱻Ըޣ̶Է۾ѡɣѡȷģǣ͹ޡڴ鲻ҪкǿĹܹһз޾ͲǴǿ塣ɫ۾γһӰͷһͣ޵һ죬޵̳һĿӣѪǿߣޱûߣܿ죬ýֱƹӾɽһ˧ֻǣһɺ˺ˡվ˧ߵӶǲҽڶеıһţеı޵޽Ƕкɥ
˧˺ӶӷڿУѽޣܵУϱལѪֱʹ޲Ϻˣ˳Ⱥǣ˧ӷɹȥֱ׷ǵýްƽȻϮſһ˻ǿŸղźоӣӱùһϲϲ¡
һ¾أ޽Ƕ׼򸹲ȥ綷еĻɻɥʱ˧ɿɵ޵ǰ棬úڽֱֱޡ޵Ū޳嵽ǰҲò¡ܵҲЩ˼˧һ鹥Ū˧켱ȥֵǣת޴Ⱥ˺βӡ
ˣʮ˵Ҳɥˣ˧־ɥӴϻصħϽ亹ãһ
ŵϵʬ壬˧ЦǼһȴʮʬ塣
˹˵Լųû°ɣ
ǵģû£ô
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˼ʬ壬һʬʰˣԵҲͨˣ˧һǰУҲӶǰֵûǰôǰҶ޴Ӻ湥ǣԶܵǰųһ𣬸ղŷõЩֶ㵽ȥ
޸ոյܵţ˧Ϊһһţһиһʱǣû뵽ǣڱİСʱִ3000˵Ķ̫ˣ޵Ŀռ̫󣬹ƾ˧һ˲Ѷ޹УλħʦƺںӶ޳ƿ
һ޵Ϯܿ죬˧췢ʱѾ˼ˡ˧գȥ޲֪жܵҪ˺
ų־ӵβһˣλħʦҲӦΣ뵽˧߷ɵ޳ĸǰƿͶһλħʦ޳ΪʲôأҪǰæĻ޾Ͳôˡ
һŨüһߣ˧˧ųΪʿ㻹ûʸħʦ´
Ҳģĳ潲ֻҪΪûʸ쵼ӶţԻ㣬ñ
ŭ˧ȭͷսţ뷢ȴϾ໥ĵطкܶ࣬ҪǵħʦڸоʱƽԼ
սȭͷֻɿϬĿƽ˧һתû˵ǰȥˡ



71 쵰

       ˧첢λħʦϵŪ̫λħʦǰֲԸʮջȻﲻǵļ˧ҲûȨǣֻ뿪
صħϣʣųղλħʦ𣿡
ǵģ
ųûбҪô
ҲС˵öԣλħʦֱ쵰㻹أ
˧εȻһǵĻ˵ȥˣҲΪѵġ
ӵλħʦֱ쵰ӶڲˣϮĻдԱΪޣѪѾн200ˣȥֻû߾Žʧȥ3֮1Ӷ
޸ųģΪµʱ䲻ֵãûǸϿ뿪Ҫ㿴ֿˣҪ޵Ļ֪ʲôҾãҪԸħޣо
˧ЦһԶ࣬Ǳ֮ôܳأ
ͬ˵飬ѾһҸġ
˧߰ɣ˵ˡ

ֻٶȱȴǰࡣ˧ĵĻӶǵ̬ϮӶǶޣû˵᲻ء
Ũȥܿãҹϳǡ˧ôҼһһޣȫƴɱԴС
ǹ͸ڴҶϡȼţΧһ໥죬Զ˧úܽӶϮǵûиʱôģʱҲ档̬Ⱥܺãһֱʱ̬ܽŵˣû˷㣬ǼǿӶǰ
˧Ϊĸֹ̫ˡ
ų
лл
˧ҧҧ⣬˵ͷ
ôųζΣ
ͦСĶԶô㣬ҪܳԵյĶǾͺˡ
ųϣԵҵĿĶ
ǵģͦġ
ӵС治˼˧ôãҷһߡ
˧Ȥ˭Ǹųأ
һЦǣųѹ
һʱ£ԽԽ£ǣʱľ˿ľ˿һľϷż˿ϸ֦Ȼʹľ˿һֻ˲ľ˿ľ˿˧Ӷһֹۣͣ졣
˵ľ˿ͦҲ֪˭ľ˿˵鲢泩
̧˭Ӧһ鼫ʹˡ
˧վѲ߹ȥһ۵ϣһȥҲ20꣬һ԰ɫгͷľ˿˵۾ɫۿȥӱƽ׺٣ϰ׵Ƥҹ￴Եø⺧ȻͬӶһõǳììǰɫģеľ¡
һ뵽õľ˿סͬ˧ߵ˵ĸǰһ䣺Сֵܣľ˿úܹܰñͶġ
̧ͷͬ˧Ŀԡ
͸˵˧쿴Цɣϲֺӣҹ
˿ЦԶ죬ȴҪĪĸˡ
˧۲Сֵʲôô̸̸ܸ𣿡
˵3000λӶУһλһӶõѡ
˧΢룬Ȼأ
Ѿٸһˣһ𳤴һμӶĿľΪҸߣ㣬һˡǣȴϢˣûлᡣΪҷܵ˺ʱѾΪ޵ĸʳ
ԭһλ˺ӶеһλΪˣ˧ʮѹΪųܱԼֵܣҲΡǣʲôأԶ޷صġ
Һѹܱһʧȥѣʧȥֵܡ뵽ԼĸоȻˣôأ
˵ⲻĴҲҺһĴϵҲûдΪ˹ڰ;ϣһһΰĽΪųòңǸ˵ˡ
ܸʲô𣿡һУ˧Ȥ
ҽʵ
ܸʶ㣬ΪԸ𣿡
ų൱ڶӼӶ˶⣬˧컹ûɣʵҲǸֱˣһ˧쿴ó
ʵллųԸųҡ
ʵھߣӺͶЩ⡣
λǣ۾һ䡣
μųҽʵҽų
ЩȻһųֻһµⲻЩĿУԼ˧Ψһ
ж
ã
ӵ˧֣λǲǶˣһҰɣ
Ҳͦ˧ȥæųһֱңɱҪŶ
˧첻˼ʵתӣֻõ֪һְֱܳҵĵһҲ㡣ʵ㵱ӵҵû𣡡
ء˧ҪתøӣԱߵľӵ̲סЦһлûмŮˡ        
˧֮ԾӵС벻ˣٰһɣ



72 ΰ

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˷۾ʵԸҵ
ʵǵģȻС벻˧ųɣ
СĿֹͣˣ۾һ̫ˡ
ӺǺһЦȻģ͸Ұɣͦϲľ˿ĺܲҹ̫ˣҲ㣬һӰɣ
ð
ҹ˾
ص˧ڴϡ
ÿǶϰߣʲôֻҪĵģġ˧Ŀͣ͵ϣӻԾĻ棬ӣ㻹ǲǵ죿
Ϊʲôᵽ֪У˧˾ӵˡ
˧һЦ㽲ҹ˵λˡ
Ŷɣôأ
Ҳƭ㣬˵λǺ֡
˵ʱҲ
Ͼ˰ҳˣҲŮ˵ġ
ӵҲ֪ȥԴӽӶᣬǾûлǣָ졢ޡɡ磩档
˧ҵǼޣ̸ϰ֡
Ŷᵽ𣿡
˧ǵģҲڼ¹ĸŮѾΪӶҪѲǼ׵£ǳл档
ӵҿûл˰ɣҲʱֻôࡣ
˧˵һֱ㣬㲻Ӧ÷ôõŮ
ӺǺһЦ˵ˣҲ
˧һ۵ҵĿпûޣ˵
̧ͷ֪˲ӶĻ᳤֮Ů㣬Сˣһȥ˼Сһ㣬ʱǾˮɣΪһ˾۵ԧ졣
˧ˣҹˣ˯ɣ
ҲˣҪᵽ£ûоأͷһͣ˧ӴҪս·ϣŲԸ˯һ
ź˧û˯šϰ˯ȾҪ˯Сʱ͵һһģҪȼ˧쾲ţûк۾Ҳûбա
֮ʣһֺϸСĶվ𴲱ߵĺڽƿ˳ȥһӭǺϡһƬ谵
ΪϮϸС춯ʧˡһȦȷûпɶת֮ʣж˧ʮ⣬ѲɹȥԶϣ˧㿴һСĶԾʼΪֻϸһֻ·֡
СˣպС˵ǰ档СֻĹؽڸߣĺˡ˧ܿͲ³˾Ǿ顣
Ǻãܸʶǡ
ëľ˧죬þδ쳣
˧콫嵽һ䣺Ϊʲô˵أСһòź£Բ˺ġһֱϣΪѡ
ë鲻Ӹ˻кܴЩҲëģ۾ڵĹʱ仯⣬ͱ߳źҲèһǳһ£ûκͼͨϸǵĲ£־ֲµӷܱ֯
ңѣֻǺ棬㻹Ƿ뿪ɣ
˧Ȼԣѣѵڴ飬λҲҼΨһλ顣Һо壬Ľ鴴
࣬崴ֵһ⣬ڴ½ϣ˲ˣǾֻɭŻƽ߿ɣˡ
˧ˣһֻ޾ɧǣ˵ɭ֮飬۶޼ٻӡħɳӶųӶҲ3000ˣٱϮĻ˱߾٣ܲܰҽ޴ߡ
һëԿƬ֣޴200ֻҪһһ沢ףҵ峤ȻȥΪģҾͰɣ
һ䣬ͻȻһţ
ÿʱõ涯˵ˡ˧䣬Ҳû飬µĵطɹȥеٶȺܿ죬ںܿ측һͼΡһ̣ˣڽ޴̹ȥ޼˴һ̹ȥĽһţ˧ǿҪޱܴ󣬷֮Ľ䡣
˧챻ý÷Զκһηɴ̹ȥǣһɹȥʱһν棬ֻڽϷһѣĿĽ⣬һ죬޴ӽһⲨ˧
һʱûз˧쵹ڵϣȥ޼˧쵹Ծɽһѹ˧졣Ҫ˧ıѹ£ʮ˧Ҳɡþһ˿Ծ֮ʵѹΧ
Ӷ˧죬ǣмոճȥͱһҧأڴҾʧʱëˡǷɵ޵ıϣ䵽޵ıָ̯޽ʲô
ֹͣŭ۾һգһգġСʱ󣬾˵ޣ¡Ҳһ뿪˴˵ءڵϵ˧һĻþδȻܵǱȥɣɭ޷Կƣܹʱѱ˵ǿߡ
վ˧޺;̾о룬Ͳ߲ƬˣֵǣΪưɣΪΰưɣ
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73 ӥ

       ûɧ˧죬ѪӶ˧Ĵ£߳Ƭ֣˲ԭ֣߳ټԭʱ޲ظ֮С
ʱѾȫϸȻһֱ⻹ܹǴᡣ˧ϲ죬ʱΣѩ粣ڲݵϣźĲϼϦл¡񣬶ȥֳֳϣ
紵߸ĶѾʧȡ֮һַϸ˸ĸоĴ硣գ̫ȣҶԽ
˧һֱڶ棬ػ֪ʱ˧쿪ʼɶЩ⡣һҲСˣûһغ룻ȻܻãǴûиκк̫ΪŮ̫ˣɬ죬һжŮר
⼸㣬˧Ͷɣپÿض㡯ʱһ˶˿˧ܿ϶ӦһŮΪʲôкӶţ˧ͲˡҲп԰ɡ
ڲԭϣ˧첢Ÿ·ҲĿĵز̫Զˣߵúɡͼϱ־ٹһʱ˧߳Ƭ߽ʦǱ񹫹Ӷս
ʱ·˧ΪӦþô泩һ£ǣԭÿ춼Ӷʱ·֣ѰƬ̸о
ʱ̵ˣ˧졢ӡʵһʳв͡Χһ˧컹ϰ߳Զ⡣ȶú˧̧ͷͦģǲѾˡ
ų
ӹð⣬˧֮ţҧһں۾һˬ̫ˬˡ
ͬʱʵҲӿһֻȣݸʱųҲɣ
á
˧ڶļһѹ
ų㡭ֺˣһ
˧̲סЦˣòŽҶˣòѽôãû͸¶Ŷ
ʵ˧֪ˣǶȴûᵽ֡
ųҵͨòŹʡԶɣ˾ߡ
̫ˣϢ
ʲôų׼𣿡
˧ͷǰһһӣ峺ˣǼȥԡɣǶûԡ
Ҫ·ˮϱضס˧Ϊ˲þ̫ʹˮЩ
ʵҲͦϲˮ۾һӶû˲ԡġ
˧԰ɣ˾ȥ
еͼʾƬԭΪ˹ԭԭΨһһϪ˹Ϫ˹Ϫܹ㣬ϪȡֻΪˮȽխ
ˮ䲻Ǻ£ڴʱҲԡһӡӶǶ֦ˮµȲǺǿ
˧ҪԡѪӶÿӶ뵽ϪԡѪӶŲȫԣŮҲмˡΪ˻ߣ˧콫ŮԷֿΣŮΣеΡ
˧졢ӡʵȱҪһԡģ;ж˵ȥ뿪ˡ˧һֱɶŮԣҲûǿ󡣶뿪󣬾Ӳһ䣺ԽԽɶˡ
˧첻ɵʲô
ӵһǸŮ
˧첻Цˣûк
ӵѵ˧ûָо𣿡
˧ֻЦ
ӵΪʲô˵أ뿪˵𣿡
˧ЦǸŮҲܵҴΪѾкôˣͻȻ˵ǸŮߵġȻӹúúõģƽأ
ӵʵҲҲɹûи˵Ȼλųô˵ȫ϶ǸŮ
ǰӲߣкҪһЩÿظ˵ʱǻ죬֤Ůʲô
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪкѵвѵĿԣ
ҲɣЩɻ⿪ɣʱ뿪ǡ
ô뿪أӲŮ㣬ͻ㡣
ʵһЦǰҲôΪ
һ峺СϪǰˮϣ۲ֳСϪѾвˮ濴֡
һָĺȽˡ
˧ɹȥɣ
Ӱͬ߰ȥɿƮˮ沢ˮʵķߣٱȥҲͨһˮƽˮ潦һ߷ɵˮ
˴Ϫˮ̽ͷˮһƮ
ӵͷ󣬶ȿڵҲ̫ˬþûôĸоˣҷģһԡСϪ
˧ϪȼӪСϪӺãˮҲС
ӵȻһץɣҪҪԣ
ʵԾλųָǿ𣿡
˧ǰˮץ㡣ˮ̫Ҳ֪ܲС
ӵڿ԰¸㶨ٽС㿾
ʵ͵
СϪߵһСֻͣӥӥһרץӥڣ岢ǺܴȫǳɫëͳӼ⣬ܹ׼ȷˮࡣ
Сϵֻӥ˧һָϵֻӥλ𣿡
ͨӥһβͺɫӥܹСʱ㲻ݡ
ʵλضͨڴܾðɣûڴһǵһμӥλųһΪͨأ



74 ﱾ

       ˮʱܿȥ󼸸ϰɹӺվӪȥһڲݵϣգûк˼ʲô
˧߹ȥļСΪʲôһˮأͦġ
Сһ죬ЦųҲϲˮ
ŶȻ˵ϲˮ
ǰͦˮġ
˧˽˼΢΢һЦȻ㲻ϲˮͲ¡С˼ܼ࣬һʲôʲô£͸˵ɣ˵ܹ㡣
Сųа
Ӹպ߹ѣЦ˵ûУšС㻹ʲô˵ʲôɣֲˣദôãҲ
һߵʵ͵԰ƽʲôϲų˵ģʲôûǱűˣ˵Ƚһܵʱ򣬾ϿģþĿġ
ʵ˼ö̹֣òŮװ
仰ҲЩ𶯣һµһĵ˲ԶǿĵģżʧƬ̣ǧģҺܺá
˧Ȼ˵Ҳ޻˵ˡ̰ɣϣϵʦǱ
ʵҲ˧ųһս˰ɣ
ӵ˵ҲͦսȥɱС
һǶûд̣û̵֪ôġ
[ѩѩ粵Ĺ]
Ѫܴ󣬷Բ200ɽ֡ѪǱ⣬ѪĴֲټ˧ںѪֳءѪѩ粵ļҡԴ˧뿪һֱúܼį
Ͼ15ˣ϶û𣬴Ҳøˡһʼû˧죬ֻҪ˧һÿһ졣˧뿪󣬸𶯣ʧȥĸһʮܡȥ˧죬ǣ˧
Ѿϰߴ԰ϰڹ԰һյϼ⡣ոչȥ֦ͷҶѾĵ
ѩ岢ϣᡣǴһͨĲ£򴦵ǰѴϰ߹ڱϡϲŮϲѩ精лֱ顣18ǰĸ׾ֱסġ
Ůıһģ׵ЦЦ粶ʲôأ
һŰѩ壬ûЦݣл˧ȥĽ뿪ġһˣҲ֪˧ôǻÿ뵽Ҿͻġ֣뵽½˧硣
ѩγû뷨Ц Դ˧뿪ÿغȾƣûȤ˵ģ治Ӧ뿪ǸܲСһҸ粶ôͶԵҪϲĻ뽫
ѩһ֣ȥ½ɣģҲһӴ
ѩһ𣬲һԼڴˣ粶ǳΪһŮ
̾һѩ粶뵽½ȥҪ֪½ʮգһ֮ʧԸıһ˵һң½ڰܶ࣬ʶǳϱ˵ĵ
аѵ뿪Ҳɣ
ѩֻ̾һֱ㡣ðɣҴӦ㣬ȥ½ߡ
ѩһЦҲ֪˧ôˡ
ѩҲͦ˧죬ЦЦΪҲ㵽½ȥӣס˴½һҪҵĻ¡
ѩ粵֪
ѣùѩŮֻ˷ӣ̾Ϣһ
֣㻹𣿡
ѩźǵģе㣬һ뵽뿪Ҳܼ10ǰĺѣΪһֵã˵ѪǱеѡ
Ŷ֣ȻΪʲôǰȥأ
ѩΪӦĸףʴ½ϵ¡½Ȼܾʣ̫ѪȣƽĶ̫Сˡ
ѩ۲ҲŲŴ½ϵôأ˧Ҿңһ겻Ӧѧ౾˰ɣ
ѩЦ뿪ʱһЩħĻߵƽ̹Щ̫˽
ѩ΢΢Ц֪ǰְº˧硣ħΪϵľˮ硢ۺϵħʺÿһλħߡ
˽ϰ֣Կó˧һλˮϵħϵȲϣ޻ϵħɻẦһ
ѩ粵˧ȥ˴½һˮϵħ𣿡
ѩҡҡͷ̾Ϣħܹͨ޵ģҲڻ֪ʲôħأ
߰ɣ뿪Ҫȥ˧硣
á
Ů֪ҪҵǻûѪǱ֮ǰѾӶȥ߾սȥˣ
[ػ˧]
һƥħϵľͷ˧һ䣺˧֣˹ԭ꣬Ƭԭ޻Ǳ׼Ӷȥ޻Ǳһ𣿡
ħϵ˧ų˽ʦǱ⣬Ҳ׼ӶȥκһǱܡ
һ䣺˧ųʾŽȥ޻ǱĻ˵λأ
˧һЦ˧ҪŮǼ֮£ֺñ˰ţС벻ҪǰᵽŮ˷Ļ⡣
۾һĪųԸŮԽ
˧ֱ˵ԸκŮ˽Ŀǰһ׼صŮϡһҪ񹫹ӶﱾŻ뵽Ů
һЦǽ뷨ɣԽԽ
ӵ˧ѷ˿ɴûнλųӴ
ųʵֵȻ٣Ǻϸģܹļ١



75 ޵

       ޻Ǳ·ǽ˿֡˿ܴ󣬴ԼܲҲܶ࣬˧ĵһ֡ӵͼϷ˿֣ǽʦǱˡԴˣȵοȻǰЩʱʧܴ󣬵ǣһ뵽һʱ䵽߾ΪЧοطǶ嶯ĵط
ʱ˧פִ̾Դ֣ǽʦǱϣλֵܹͦס˱߾սҲԩá
Ц˧֣ȻԶӶ̸˵һ֡񹫹Ȼǿ׳ħֻһСɲϽʨħ񹫹⡣
˧񹫹Ĺ飬񹫹Щԭһҳɳʱ൱˵ġ
ÿ˶⣬ҾͲˡÿĹȣĹһʱǶܺڣֱԼʵᲢʱŽ䶨Ϊ֣ĻҾԶˡ
ǰ˧ųǣÿ˧ӦýӰҵһضܳɹȶһҡħһΰĹȣǵĹҲҲ̣ΰļʦûֹͣԹȵļ롣
ʵһ䣺ǰħʹҲΰħһֱɹġ
ӹЦʵȻ˵Ļûαķܡ
˧ҪˣСЩ
ԽԽħ޴ž֮С
ʱľ࣬ʱ˧ѡΪʱֽƻ裬û߶ãˡҵһƬõĴ
ˣ˧һλħʦٸ˧˽̸һֱָ߰磬Դ˧Ҳٽ⡣
˧Ӷţ͸ϸ֦һ³֦ͷԵر塣
֪˿ûôöɣ
˶Ը޵ľ飬Ź˿ֲѰɣ
˧ãֻǴһ󣬴ﻹδ֪
ӵǰ˧˵úܶԣҲΪ
ʵҸλľ˿ɣ
ð
ʵľ˿ľ˿תˮ˿һƮţһּΪĸоıһס
ľ˿˧ЦҲֻҪʵĸԲӡ
ǰ
ӵʵĵطҲľ˿ӦѪӶõġʱһһľ˿ӣôҶľ˿
˧һӦøЩ֣о̫̾ˡ
ʵľ˿ӵĻôɣ
ǻ˵ҵ˭أ
һڲԶǵĶԻսûпʼλ֮£δ⽫ս̫ɶϷ˰ɣ
˧лħʦѣս֮ҾԲġʱλħʦΪ
һ˿˵ɣ
֪Ǵ˧ڱ߾ôЩһֱڱ߾Ϊפر߾һλ˧ЩĽӦôӴϣܹѧණ
˧ǵȻԣǲӦЭȫƬ֡
һЦҪƬ̸ףƬֵضȣܹġ
ҲΪֻҪЭһᱻߡ 
ЦΪ룬ôʹشˡ
Ŷ
δ֪紫˵еİ壬Ѫ壬ʬ壬Լ塣ǻһЩħʦ޷Ըķ
˧һЦҵǲ£ΪУҼ塣
ʲôɵָ伯Ӫһ𣿡
˧ͷһΡ
ǣǲûѽ
㵱ȻûУ
üĿ
뿪Ҽ˰壬ʶɣݡ
һ˵𣿡
ǵġһܰҺϵİӡܺÿֵϲ

Цʲô
ӵ˵ģ
һ䣺Ϊ˧ųƭˣ
ʵҲһֺ壬Ҳ
˵۾ͶȥҲ13꣬ҵʵȥԡҵĸ׻ڣ˷ֳ顣һ顣ҴһɫԹ븸׷ֳ·ȥ˴֡ϣǴЩ￾˳ԡҸóԺϢʱͻȻж׹ʱһǰܶС˳ǵǰԵʮֺͰҲرƽһǴҪȥʲôʵ棬˵㡣˵£뿪ˡҲûн⡣׺󣬽ʵ棬˷ܼˣ˵һԸǼ壬ǣԽԽûлᡣ
ӵǰɣһֻͯʱˣȳ󣬰ͲԸˡСʱҲʲôӶǲˡ
һʵҲûʲô˲𣬼ˣ޷ӰҪһѡ޵еħᣬܹƴ½
ô˵ӹŵ˵óڵӢҲѪһˣħʦҲи֮ûһ˿޵С



76 ʦ

       ҹ˵ȥϢȥˡ
˧ӻصѾϰ졣λڴϣҲû˵ر˧һ˯ڴʦ
ˣҲ۾ո˯ţ⴫˵һ˧챻ѣƿȥˡʲôҲûзѳ£ǰһƬ谵
ӭ洵ʱ˧أӦԼˡ
䣬һӻûġ
˧һ飬ɵ˭
ص𣺡ң
˭
Ҿң
˧Ъ˹ЦˣȻػӦɣҼ£
һӰֻһ£ʲôҲûг֡˧ŵúٲ˧첻ɵϣ˾ȻأӦ¡һܹڴأӦ÷Ƿ
˧Сɣˡ
ٺٵˣҲˡ
ʲôˣĪǣʦ˧۾һǣתֻۣʦԸ
Ҳ֪ʦ˭ҲʦҾң

Ӱһ񴦣վһͷ֡ͷֻһֻ۾ֻһǿףͷ񱻶ֳ룬ĺĻǰͷֵͷϳŵͷɫģһһ顣⣬ͷֵ壬һǼܣûһ⣬ʮֲֿ˧һмֲĹû˵ͷ֡
ͷɫͷֲһЦ㲻㲻Ǽ𣿡
˧첻һѿڵ㵽ʲô
ͷֺǺһЦҲǶףΰʦЦ
Ц䣬һɫĽĹǼȫţǼܲˣȡ֮塣һĻ˧ĺħʦҲδܹͷ˹ЦᲢۡ
˧һɵҼֱǸţ㵽ʲôŪɵġ
ЦЦò۾Ķ׽磬ΰʦǳ۷׽ŪˡˣĶʦ׽Ū㡣ˣе£һס˿ֹԶ࣬Ȱ㻹ǷأĻľֵܹ߳Ĳᳬ1000ˡ
˧׼ԭ򣬹ЦһһӾͲˡ
³һ˧ڴϣôҲ˯šһμʦʱҲ˷ܹ˷ɸ˷ȫһġ
˧̾˿壬Ǻηʥ
֪ʱ˹һ䣺ʥһ壬˵һǧÿλʦȴûʧʦǺٵ½߶½ҲװͨˡʦܹħʦᲢۣʦ˻õĲࡣ
˧ıһ£ӻĿʦͺ
ӵҲô˵ܵʦأһ˭Ҳǲ塣˧֣ôԭ޹ᵽʦ
ΪҸղż˹Ц
Ц˭
˧ЦЦԳΰʦǲǺΰҾͲöˡ˵ģղʾ۷ȷʵ
۷Թ
һǼܣӿ²ֳһ塣
ӵû˵ʲôʱ
һЩһתۣͲˡһأ㲻
ӵûϵֻҪСЩʦҲûʲô˲𡣲
˧ĿУֻҪ޵ףʦȻҪȻҪһκܳʱ䣬ʦδؾǵĵˣĿǡ
ŶΪʲô
˧ǲҪǰ˵иĵ˻ֹң˵ǰĻܹ߳˿ֵ˲ǳһǧˡ
ӵΪ𣿡
˧ҲΪѾһڲ֮䡣
𣿵ڰҲܵġˣϢɣġӦøһ
˧죺һġ
Ӷ˧ѹʱӶװö飬ǰСΪʱħʦ˧ҪӴ·ȥ޳ϡ
ƿλħʦԵú⡣һԵų𣿡
˧ǵģе¡
һ˵ɣ
˧λû˵壿
һЦǵģ˵
ʦͺáм£˵ǾйʦЦ¡
һüЦ˭
˧ʦҼǣǰߣͽܻܵܿʧءλ˵һ¡
˧һ˵ϯλԵú˷ܣϾ˧ǵıʾʱ䣬˧ǿνǣǴкҲûЦǼ˵Ĺϵʮ䵭
˧һϯǽǰ⣬кǵĺ塣
һЦЦʦûʲôµġʦħʦǲһξġ˧ųģҸȥڣ˲



77 ͳδ½

       ˧ͷĻҲͷˣԸ˻ӦõġһʦҪʱ̣һϣӶҵĿУλܵ𾴵ذҡ
˧첻Ǻ⣬˰ֵˣЩ½Ҹһˣңǰȥɣҡ
У
ɿͷ˳ȥ
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ӽһ䣺˿֣ɫˣҲҪһ֡ǵĵǴ½ص塣
һ壿ҲǸʦΪУ
ӵʦ
һɹʦܹһλҵĹʦĿǺܶ࣬ȴܴдøħʦһķֵķ֮һ
ʵҲ˵ǲľͲö֪ˡ֮ʦʵǿҿûǲҪʦΪС
ӵ˵ʦҪҲûа취
ʵ3000ӶʵӦһλССʦ߰ɣòô⣬̫ɵˡ
˧ƽ̬ΪҪ

ʱƣӶŽֵڲҲԽԽ־ŸΣԽԽӽ˧֪ɭĴҪ̫ƽȫܵġ㲻ޣҲһЩⲻһֱĵաĵطԭֻǳǱڳǱڣҪҲֻҪڳǱȷƽһ֣ö֪ġ
׽ûб½Թʦ׽Ĵһλɹʦһλħʦɣ˧첻ǣҲʦµʦ֮
ܳһʱûзһ쳣˧ⲢǺ¡
ˣͣǰÿҹԴһκҪТ顣˧ǵλʦĻʦ֣ʧء֮У񣬻Ǹδ֪֮ȴʮء
ȼʱλҪֶӶӳһΧӦ𻩻ȼţ˧ǰ뼸λӳһۡ
λѴҺã
ųã
˧һ̯ʾӽܡ
ѵлǰ˧ųһλйЦʦҪԸѪӶţŵƲֹֻۣоӦʦڰеĺڰܸõĽ⡣ϣλܹӵˣһԸʦ
һλֶӳȲԣԸʦ֮УòųҲἯĶԸֻʦڰҪҲֹۡΪӦһȫ֮ߣζԸá
˧ͷӳԺȷǵж忴Ǹδ֪֮ҼĹЦԣһζԸǵδؾʦһֱʦ塣ԣҽҷ˵ϣΣ֮ʣҲҪűȫԼŽЭܸӵĴܵˡ
һߵħʦһ˵ϯҲʦȻҲþܹħʦᲢۡӦģӦߡ
һ˵üǣʦʲôǵҳΪеĻҷһץסˣ

Ļһ䣬һĺĳЦΧԺηû˧һµվɨһۣѿڵȻǸΪβ
Ҳ𣿰
޲֮ɫ䣬ŰɵľʱҲɴһսﵨѾŵôŴˡ
˧򶨵Ц벻ҪΪСܣСһܹ֮ɴǰȥַ񹫹ߡȻûй磬ΪߣӦòҪΪѹ񡣡
ã˵úܶԣˡ˵ûй磬ϵ壬ʦҲħʦֻһ治Ӧô˿֡
˧첻ɵŶΪʲô
ЦΪ뽩ȸĶᣬκδ˵飬Ҫڶܴ򣬲κ飬ܵԹ
˧첻ɵϣνӣȻĶӡһֱûƶȣ׻ͳߣܹʦ׻ʵֶӣĵλԺܸߣӣɾǵ塣
ϯ˧˼һӣȻһλҲǰ˵أ
ЦӶ飬ܲμأˣѾǲǰɣ˵أ壬˽ʬ壬ʮأϸɣ
˧ɵϡ
ʬ˧컹İ˾һ䣺֣ʬʲô壿
ӵѾ԰ףɵʬȴ˵еĹ壬ֲȫǹ塣ǹһ֧˵Ȩ˽ʬ壬ʬ嵽½ͳΡǽʬ٣ǵԸ˽ħʦᲢᣬǣʬ㽫ڴǴʳѪΪײе塣ײУʬǺʴȵġ
ʱʵһСʱҲ˵ʬʳѪĴ˵û뵽нʬ塣
Цػʵ½ֻҪ뵽ĶйֻǸλûмѡ֮ͳδ½Ȩ壬ǣǺܴģ񶼲òҡͷԡҪҲһԴͳδ½ĻôܹĳǱ



78 ڹ

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һĸͬλɹֱһʦϳĸ򣬾ŻΧһһеħȰڻһ£Ӱħɢĵһ죬𻨷ǻ𻯳ɻҾ
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һֵ˵ǼǣûѡҪôѪʬ壬ҪôԶܶԷĿţĻԶûлᵽĿĵء
ΪȨָߣ˧켫Ϊ侲֪ô죬Σվǰܹʵֻǣȴ롣ͷ˵һԲ
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Űǹ⣬˧˼ţҲ̫ƽ



79 Ӷ

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Ϻ˼ֱ˶š˧ЦЩΡ
طɣΪˣС
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80 ֶ

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һҪǰȻӶŵųǣһûʸҪͣ
ҲΪλħʦҪǰǰĻҲǰ취˧죬˵أ 
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˧֪ģҴΪԼǾӣֻҪڶʱܹ㱰ֶΣҲġ





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5
81 ɽ

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ӣЦӣ㽫ΪΪչʱɴжϣŵȸһҪúñء 
ߵ׵ĸǰлл״ˡ23һ󣬺ȸһ뿪Ҫ

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Ծ̧ڹЦļϣЦкֱֱµ䣬ſڵϡ
û뵽˼򵥾ʹ˹ЦһЦв޹ϵЦƷ˧ٺһЦǰˡ
Цû뵽㾹Ȼһ֣
˧εҲû취һ֣Ʒλħʦ
ʲôƷλħʦ
˧͵ǵģһλħʦѾƷˡ   
ЦһΪʲôҪô



83 

       ˧Цڲˣֻó²ߡ
ЦٿˣȻܸ㣬ֻýˣˣʲô˵ɣ
˧Ҳûʲôֻ뵽׽һߣ˽ѡ
ЦЦȫܵģԡ
˧ô˵ЩǿԱͨġȻǰѣԶֻˡ
ЦбһۿЦ˵òֻδֺαظᲢۣǸ˲ˣһҳϡһʿܹһ㣬Ѿס
˧һ۵ȡЦң 
Цɣ
˧ֱ⣺ˣܸ𣿡
˧ܣЦѾʧ棬ҪԼȥЦԽܡǣȻ˵õģҲû취ֻ
εãҴȥҲܱ֤ζԴ㣡
˧Ҳա
ЦſַһεĹЦ˿˧죬û֨һǰ˧ܲȥ˲Ǻܶ࣬ܲĹģҲǺܴ˿ֵ٣ܹҲͰӡ
½æµȻû뵽Լĵ»һԼǵĽȻòŶþ͸ϵ˵ڵء
æµţ½ĴΧϢݾ޼ǽΧϲĲ򡣶æµȴǱ°ƽǸǿִ壬бµħʦдܵƽħʦķԸκһĴһϸ£ƽ˶硣
˵ָ£屻ȰӽдװޡýװηӣĴͽһ£°ˣȻ佨죬Ϣ֮
ɣ˧ǰʱ򡣱ֹǰ뵽˧ܹԼĵ£벻˻ܿԼڡ
˧컹û֮ǰѾһλСͽ㱨˵ЦŴžǰͽĻ㱨һֲĸоԼʡ
ܿ죬ӣ˵ЦȻ崳ʮջϵ£ȭͷ߬סĵû뵽û뵽ᡭ
Щ±ͻϣȻˣҲغ¡ССӶòź¡Ǵ֣ǳǱ
˵ĺܶԣȫܹĴ룬Ȼܹ˵Ц˲򵥡
ͷڷԽԽˣΪûа׽㡣ȻˣǾ˳ӦܶԷѻǵˣȻˣͲԵҲĻϼѪȡ
ȻڻʱҲ뽫ϲ°£ǵһӸ״˵İţһϣ״˲Ҫţ
һͽ򵽵µμӣ
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ʲô˵ɣ
ЦѪӶų˧

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һĿ⽻֯˧컹ȴƳĬ
һᣬλؾ°ɣ
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˧ѪӶŵų˧죬ǴѪǱǰġѴӹЦ֪֣˴ҡ
Ц֪˧ֵǰкĿģ
˧ǺһЦҲûĿģֻǰμ뽩Ļ񡣡
ֲǺ졣
˧׻˵һ죬ÿѶȽӴٳѵġ
ҡҡͷźϧҲ˧ֵѡ׽Ҳѡ
˧ǺһЦһ𣿡

˧ֱӵȻôǾֻڴ½ǿģһֱ϶Ը壬廹Ϲ壬ϣ໥ɱѹԱﵽ棬ǣһδսûмħʦħԽԽʦᲢۡ
˵Щڣ
˧û⣬ֻϣܹ뵽岻סܵ飬絹һཻѣĻջЩ

Цʲô
Ц㣡
˧ʲôЦģ˵ĻѵǴ𣿡
˵þȴûмֵ˼ǲܱıġ˧ֵܣԸоеٮٮߣΪһλʿǽܳġ
˧ϲ˹άԼ仰˵ζ
ܲμӵĻ𣿡˧һ䡣
˼ҡҡͷС
˧ΪΣ
ʣʲôֲμҶĻأ



84 

       ˧Ļôϣܷ뿪˿֡
Ϊʲô
ΪҪȥսΪ
ѵ㲻֪ǴߵĻͽʬ𣿽ʬѪΪǷǳײеġԲʬҲԹۣˣҾ㣬Ǵذɣ
˧һЦˣ˵ȥҲ˵ʲôáˣ⼸ҷǴӶŴﾭɡ
ȭͷһգԱߵĹЦһ˿Ĺâͨ£ǲκ˶ʮ˵ãͨǾһġ
ˣͶˡ˧컹һˣǰɫˣǷǷ֮ҲΪһ㣬ûж֡
Ц˵Դǰ𣿡
ЦͷһͣɫʮѿһʱͿӦȶ°ˡ
һѲµֻ˵ӷЩ
˧ֿܹܹЦģ׽ҲǺܶࡣСֵһλʿܹʦš
ʦǰ˧첻й¶ܣֱ˵ܹܹ֮ЦֵܣȫΪ
ʲô

Ŷ
ᡣ
йϵ𣿡
˧Цǵģһʦ
һܿ죬ֳһʮ˷ϲõı顣ܿ˧Ȥ

û˧쿪ڣЦӻĺǿܿҵΪʱȳڵĻҲһ
Цͳһ
˻һ˧졢ЦԱߵͽ޲ȴġ
һʱ䣬½ʱһʮֳ壬ϣѧϰΪʮԺȻⲿѧϰʱ򣬷ѧϰʱȱݣʱʮֲ㣬ûгɫ֣˾޷ǣʵɼλʦǱоһʺķǾǽտʼķ棬صݱ䣬з˶ۣҲ
˵Ӧѣ

˧ȻΪһӣ֣ܲμӵĻأ
˻һߵͽ޲ɨԱߵˣϣܵõ֧ͬ֡ 
˧죬Ȼ˧۴κ϶⡣Ȼĵ壬ǸϵˣδؾӦĵˡ嶼Ͽ˧죬ôܱأһ˼붷Ͽվǰߡ
Ǳ΢΢¶һ˿΢ЦҲ΢ЦҲһ£Ҳ˵öԣ˧ֵܣԴμӵĻ񣬲˵κ£㶼ԾӣҲվ˵ҲֺһЩ취˵ͨʬ壬ſһ·˳ͨ˿֣ðմ룬壬ͬʱҲƽʬأʱĺͲ˵Ҳˡ
˧һЦԼǣһһָͬʱҲϣҪΪΪڰͬʱҲڰ塣
ŶЩ⣬תһȦ
˧ʵʵѾ̽Ӱ̽½ĿŪΣͬʱǻ֤ħǿ
̾ϢһᵽħıƴʮֲħĻôȫܹԽħһֱĬĬ֧ϣħ֤һȥ˴½ѰҴħʦħʦۺʵʤʦ̴ˣ׽ûй
˧ԻõʦĽ壬ѪһŪףΪʲô岻Ըƽദأ
еɫγ㲻̸ָμСĻۼκˣӦ˵Լһӡ
£ҲʶʳΪܡ
һģģҲԾӣˣȻˣܲһһܰһæʲôġ
Ŷ𣿡΢һ˿Ц⣬ôĻԸ
Ĵ£˧ܿµĴմӶ¥ԽĶЩ˽⡣İ裬˧ϻ⣬ֻڵƹλ棬˧Щ̫⡣˧Ϊĵƹ̫ľȼڵľȼӻ̫ԡ⣬λڵò߰㣬ûΣ⣬ڵ᳡ذɫӦúɫӦɫɫĵذתĺߵƣ˸о
Ȼ̫⣬˧컹ǶԴڵİ裬䲻ᡣɵϣһʱʦɻ˼ҵķС
˧ͷ΢˶˧ֵܣǴӶżʶǳԴƣʲô𣿡
һ㣬֪ʺϲʺĿζ
ܺһֱʱһͨȻ岻Ǻܺڽ棬û뵽Ľơ෴ڽһֱ壬֪ġ㿴﹤ÿˣʦǴ°ġ
˧Ѿܹµ̾˿ڵòͣѾϵȻʧףҲһֺð취ʦĽƲģⷽһЩ⣬ǻ˵һȣΪ賡ĵذӦɫľȼڵĹ߿ףӦǺɫģ⣬λҲ̫ң̫ԲټķһλҲԲὫλ߰ڷţһš



85 

       ҵһźɫӰڹУһӱţм϶Ǻܿ
ô
ϿûʲôϸͻᷢӰڵòѧ룬ȻǹͲӦôխռ΢ŪЩҾܴԽø죬жͻ᷽Щ
˵öԡ
Уλ̫һʬ屾壬ĻͬҲв졣ʬжһӲߵüѴ壬ǵܵıһЩΪж㣬õλþͲӦøһ٣ǵλӦôһЩǾܺϣˤӡ
ţһ˵úܶԡ
˧⣬Ӧ賡һŹϯΪǣ뽩ʬӦڹϯϯӦ£Ҫʱ̣ӦûҪǰμӻĸλ˵ϼ䣬Ļûϯ̨Ҳǲеģ⣬ӦһЩʦʱҲӦ뽩ʬһ֧裬ʾ
ţһҲ
پǡ
֮İСʱ˧콫ڵķ涼˵ͷͷǵٲȻԼһλʦ°ʦһ߳Ϊִߣ˧䡮һ˧Ӳְŵ׵İ£ⶼһ
ƻʱӴӽʬһõ۾һ˧ľƣġ
˧ˣΪڷСϢӻʱδ˧죬ǴԱй˧쾫ִ¡ڹϯһߵӭȥ
ˡ
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ԭˡ
ӣ˵Ʒ𣿡һЦ
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ô
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˵ͷô˵Ϊͷˡˣӣ͵ϲӭɣˣȥѩǸĸ׽ӻ
Ϊʲôȥأ
ӣ֪ĸ׵ƢĴϲ֮գǾԲڹڳϸദġ꣬ҪΪӷ壬ǾԲȡġȻĵλһָǷԸ߰Ծӣĸ׷ָԣʵ˲׽ܣһ㣬ˡ
ȻԸȥԻӭµľĸ׼ȻڣȴŲʣҲʺʮʹΪʲôҲʱںأ
ǰΪ˿һλŮӣͶϣйһҹ֮飬º˰з飬֣˵ĹϵȻ£ܿ־أûԶԷֻк⡣˵ķֿȥѰʶλŮӣ֪λŮӼ޵ȥˣҲûٵѰѻˣֻԶ˿ҹںޡ
ҲΪԼĲεΪûڹֻһӷԼǰָ߰ΪʮַСΪһͽǰ綦ܳΪһλŮϥµūӣһֱû취
ĸ׵ĸֲǲ֪ǰһǸ𣿡
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˧죬ܿͶ϶˵֣£˧ԸЩ
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ʲôأ
ҳ󲻿˧ǰӣҲ뽫ǰ档ֻ˧֮ǰ˼䣬ƲӹϵǺܺáԱЩϵЩһ䡣
ûûʲô
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Ǳļ£档
˧ѵԼ᣿
˧۾Īʲô˼ѵļҲҪ㲻ɣ
˧ңҲܹ㡣
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˧Ȼ٣ĳЩ棬һкǿĴһҶԼŲɡ
ǺһЦһǵһɿЦˣʵϣܰңҪֲܴеõô



86 Ĺ

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һ뻺⸸ĸ֮佩棬¼ĸͺáϾԼȸ֮󣬾ͽԼĸ׷ֿȥһطԼ硣ʵڲĸ¶ΪԼߵʱλ˲û¶Լ뿪ʱ֮ûлͨŦϵض
˧˵ܹǣȻûаգҲһԡΪЩҲȰλ֮еһλ棬ټƽϹȥĵʧֻ˭Ҳ޷ſأİˡ
ȻĻɫʣǣ׽λϵĻŮǷⱲ꣬ʱҲйһ۵£ҲйεḶֻ́ˣɫȻӵͬĸӣҲϵҲһš
ʵֺγϣǰƽأֻʵû档Ǹעˣ˧ǰ˵˧˵Ҳû˧ǰ֣˧쵽һߣȥ˵һ顣˽ʵ˧ŵͷҪԼҪȥѩǸ󣬽Ӽķˡ
ڶһ磬Ĵ£һ7ǰѩǸ½ԶһƫƧĵطǾѩǸѩǸȺϢ֮أȺȡѩǸ󣬾һװ֮󣬾ͳ˽ѩǸ
ѩǸĵΪҲһǿߡЩߴ£ΪһʧȥϵֻбҪʱŷʥأμ
ѩǸһɽʯݳɣСפߡװεúܻľȼڵĶھǹߵԴͷʱǿԽĵƹڶʱж
һ·ϣ˧֪һЩй飬Ҳ˽ĸĸԡҲ֪۰ľġãᣬǸոճĹر˵ƽʱĸߣΪաŮ˵ͬĲϲ£ҲĸѩǸֻҪرõʱ򣬲ŷʥأ丸һӡ
˧첢ŮȤֻ뾡Լ£뿪˿֡˵Ժ顣
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ĸ׵ģȥͨ
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˵꣬һλ̴ӣת뿪Ա߼λ˧˵ȥ·վԱߣ˧һ䣺ӣЩ˾Ȼ㣬Ϊʲôȥأ
ӿЦҾܶĸТΪ£ӲѩǸ󣬾ǵִĸף֪һ᲻˵ġȻҵĽ֮գǸĸ֮ս߱ѩһܹܽ⣬Ҫף˵μҵĻ񡣡
ŶΪʲôѵ㣡
ܰĹءûʸ˵
˲ûô۰ԼĶŮ
ǵȻϣŮܹ壬һߵ󣬾ͱ뿪Լĸĸʮڲ׼صĸߣ򣬾ͲһλɹߡʵϣѾǸĸ߱ȽϾõˡͬҲˣͳ濴ȥˡ
˧ʣͻرԲ㣬ء
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ź׷ܱǸԲѾͨ˵Ӽ䣬ԲμȸĻ񡣡
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ŮüϸǣӣޣһͷͷӼһֱһص׷˿ûнͦظƽһոշŮزǸͦҸеԣȻλ֮ϸϸ֫ͦظ˵ĵط֮µȴ˫޳ȾȴߵһԲֳ·ʮУ˧Ҳڷ֮С
֮أ֮Ů˧ʮ⡣˵ģѾܾûмƯˡȻûмռеͼۻеġ
˧ͬʱŮһ˫۾ҲͬʱϡΪһ˧磬˧ҲŮע⡣Ů˭أ
ŮĿ˧ƣֱŮߵǸǰ˧ŸоŮĵ
磬ĸ𣿡
ҵĴϲ֮գĸײμӵĻźġ
㽲ĸײˡ
ŶΪʲô
Ƿ纮ģûʲô󰭣ĻҪڴ϶ȹ
˧һ纮ǺεģֻҪˡ
λĻ󶮵ҽ
ܵһ£λӶŵų˧졣
۲Ŷѹ˳ô˧
Ӧðɣ
ô֪ҵ֣
ᵽ㣬ˣʱѩǸ𣿡
գգ۾ѩǸĸ׵ĸûйϵΪʲôҪأĸˡ
˧㲻ڸĻϼԼĸѵ㲻ϣȥμӸĻĹʣµʱ䲻ˣӵĻȽУҼһɣ



87 ˵

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ΪʲôҪҵĸأ
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۲ŷŵŶûм˵ô
˵ֻҪлᣬҴ
˵ҵĸףʲôô
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˸һ˿жɫ³һ仰лл㣬˧ֵܡ
˧ȻãӦ ܺ˵ˣĹǽȥɣվֻǵʱ䡣 
ĴȤǷ
˧һҾ£ûùġ
Цˡ
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ĵðɣҾԣǵãԸҵĸ˵ػҪ̫ĻһֹǵĶԻ֪𣿡
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ʯ䴩ܿƹѩǸѩǸʮֿտһЩˡҶȴ԰޼˵ԴΪӶͨȥֱĲľɡ
ǰ棬ĸӲǺܸߣ˧찫ö࣬ĺ
˼ĻͷһЦôļѽҸǰͷ
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鹰ֵҶˣ˽ڣ߰ɣʱ䲻ˣһҪϵʬӭȢأ
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ߵֹˣ˧һЦ˧磬˵ҵĸ𣿡
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˵˧ֵһ˽ȥվɣʲô£ȥ
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˧۶죬ţĵƹ⴦ֻһŴһλˡ
ǸɫĸˣͲ󣬾ĵĽ㡣ȻñӸ޷縡ͻأ˫ȴһĶһ˵촽ӦúһЩƬӣƬոճҶֱֺЩǵĳ嶯
ŮƯɵģڴ½ϣȢŮΪӵ˿˵޸ˡλˣ˧һֱûдƿΪ̫ˣǰ˾ȻԼµĶŮ˵ıȴԼ١
ʲôˣһ˿ɫܿ
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˭ģ𣿡
һǸ߰ˣܻһѵġˣ˵Ѿ˵ꡣ
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˧ûᣬֱ˳ֱ͸ˣ׷˧죬˧Ѿ뿪ˡ˧߳˶ʵô˵𣿡




88 3粨

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ʧ˵ĸһܹ˵ġ˧ֵİǣⷬʢ飬ˡ
˧죬һЦ˵޷˵ĸ׵ġ
˭˵ҲȥһɫװӸ߳
Ӻļæμ
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Ц˵ҲôΪҲһӣĻ񲻲μӵĻΪĸ
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˧ôȣȤ˿Ҳ˧ǻۣĶ
ĸһ۵ĸ󣬱ȢЦŮ
ѵ˵ҲˣӦü
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˧칰ֵСһ׮
ȻһδӦϯ£ǾԲһġԸ⿴һۡ
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ĵ˧磬ҲǺܴ󡣡
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˧Ц˵ÿһ仰öʮ޳ɣ
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̫˧кǱ˰޵Ķ󡣡
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89 ʬ

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ͷƫһ࣬ΪֻڶӵĻϣһĸ ΡѾȥʬȥˣȴ
һ˵Ľ룬ЩǣԽԽЩ޵ݵĸоڣŲ¡
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㿪˵ˣӦ313ɣ
Щж䵭ļһܺãҵǼǲˡ
Ϊʲôأ񣬽죬Ǹġ
ǣʲôʱҲѧǸ㲻
ͬʱһŮ˵ɷ򡣡
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ߵĸǰ֣ԭң񣬱Ĵˡ
ſҡ
һѽ§ڻģţСŮڸ׻һۣܿ죬ֹͣˡ
˵˰ɣҴӦ㣬ҲŮ
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ˣǺͺðɣӵҪˣЦһЦɣ
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ĵҵ㰡ĸףǸ׶㻹ѩǸôѽ
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üͷһᣬԶ֮ˣ
ǵ¸ոսԶʹ죬ʣɳĽѾأȻѾݵȻҪӭӡȻìѾ⿪ȻѾվһ
һˡվ߸ŵ룬ӭֻһȺǰͷһȺʬġʬͳһĽʬ壬ĶȽϴö¶棬һࡣʬĵطצӺݡʬѾҧѪˮһʬҧ˵ûǿĻͻѪͨʬҧʳһЩߴʬᱻʬߣƳµĽʬ塣
ʬ䲻Ǵ½壬ȴ˼֮ĺ壬Ϊʬǹһ֡˧ǳμʬ壬˶Խʬʮֺ档
ڽɾǽʬĵȸͬһλãҲʱ̣ӦñֳĬһֱûк
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ӭǰ壬ӭ߹Ľʬһᣡ
˵ɣ˿Ȩˡ֮ѡΪŮΪ뽩ʬڵⷽԽԽˣǨܲԽԽٷչȥܻܿΪ̶ɱʱͿ֮ȨﶼɵϣֻҪйһνҳΪѣ˭һ㣬˭ԵͲ󶯸ɸꡣ
ֻһյĹУ̽˵ʬӵּ̽УҲּ̽˶֪ЦԱߵ˻Ϊ״ʮֿأ˭ϵһ֣ͬʱ̽Էʵ

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ηɿֻһλƯĹ߳ӡλǽʬ壬ȴֲͨͬƯϲκνӲ΢ЦʱҲһơ
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˧˵ɩӡ
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ĵǰӶʱҲŮ𣿡
˧ЦᣬӶʱ䲢
Ŷ㲻ʿ𣿡
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˧ʵѡĻϲĵطǴ֡
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˧ΪﰲѽûеˣʲôʲôӶɲͬҶӵ似ʱܣ
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˧ǺһЦôأŮֻջˣ̸Ϸ񡣡
ĵô˵ջޡ
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90 ׽

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һӣҲˣ˴úءʬ岻Ǽ̳ƣԵһ͵ΪԼĶӵԺյĵλΡ
ڵߵľǴˣ㲻ªһΪʬˣܹøһҲǲˡ
˧첢Ľʬ壬ܹõӶ뿪ԣһԸǳʱཻһЩѡ˧֪κһ壬ֻҪĽܽѵġһĴ󽫾ûѵԶɲ˴󽫾ġ
Ŀڽʬ֮ϡ
ͨʽǺܷӵģҲΪʲô߽ĵ
ȴɵʽϣλҪλƣʾԶԷ𾴣ڹƺ󣬲ŽԼĳȻٽ帣ʦĳɻ顣
ƾڱϯߣȼʱžΪڵĴվȻ󹧾룡
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ĵʲôۣҲ
˧ò˽ۣĹллʢ飬ˡ
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Ųһ۵߹˧첻ʶֻĽһ䣺ʱģҲȵưɣ
һɫһ׷ծˡ˵ķװԷ׽ĵλҲͨĸյʱɣۺʱûд˿֣ʱ
˧첢ʱĵֻͨ׽ѣһѣһưɣ
ʱ˧һۣʱ˵˧죬ѪӶų
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91 

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ʱһֱ׷ģ֪飬仰е˼ײֳϣҲ֪˵ʲôá
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˧ɵϣǺһЦųڳǱʱ䲢ãӦòһɣǰڴ֣һԭʼᵽŮôһλңѣֻڹʵû˼̸顣
ǵǣʱĵһ˧ֵǴӶǰʦǱ̵𣿡
񹫹ܵ񹫹۸ɳţʧħŽʧԡ
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ڲ֪У˧Ѿİ߹ȥƺڻûпǼһУסԼʺһͷڵϡԱߵ߼ʬ޲¶־֮ɫ½ڵϵ˾Լ
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Լǣ˧һ壬˵һ䡣
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˵ָ˧ƿԡ˵ᣬ»ҪȲ֤˵ˡ
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һҧ˧죬˧գҲƲסˣɹȥ齣Ϳʱ˫ƣһƷϮƫͬʱƷӰ죬ҲƲס˻Ρ
˧죬µǲɵģ
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92 ѷ

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ȻǸ֮ˣһ棬Ϊ˧жΪ˧죬һ棬˧ΪӶҲܵ顣
˫ջȥ˧ҪҲס
Ŀ˧Ͷ˧죬¹ϵ3ǲ뿪ġӲ뿪ĻΪӶǶɣ
˧ǰһ˵ڹûʱﵣ顣
ģ²ᵣ̫ã5֮ûв£壬㰲Ȼ뿪
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˧ҲɵϣҪ뼰ʱףȻ˵ԼҲûлͷ·ֻ̾Ȼ˵˻ִҪߵĻֿˣðɣ5죬ҪȥһˣڴӶȴҵĹȥӶŻġ
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Ӵʱķ򣬰ϲУս֣Ͼͷλߡλ߲Ǳˣڴˡ˧챾4ˣڼ·ʮջеŭ漴ð
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93 뽣

       ౵һһѺڽ˧г˧첢ɱˣԷҪԼصϣǲ־ܵġ ˧콫λ߲죬λ߲Ϊ˧ܹʲô£ԣǺܿ˧춯֡ 
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ĺڽĵҫ۵ĽƵԷǣǼ̫ˣԷֹܿڽסȻĸߴӲͬ˧Ϯٶ֮죬ֱ˧֮ 
ӿָ䣬ͨյһָһָ⣬һ㵯ȥ44λߡλźڷĳγ˧沿ɹܿ죬˧е棬Ҫ似һе沿ܹһϮһ߷ɹ 
˧Ľסܣ4λ߼лҲãǣûа취ֻñֱ֮ܣǣܿ죬һλ߷ʱһ͵Ϯļһŵܴߵ˧һѹزȻڴƴγһһƣڶתٶȷ֡ 
λ͵Ϯûϵ˧컹ڶʱһʱûע⣬պ÷ɵزϡߺ󣬶ԷһУˤڵϣȥһ˿ϲô˧֣׼ڶ򣬿ǣѾˣλͬʱɹͬλͬٶȣͬϮ˧似ԶԶԸ4λߣϮе˧ԭת˼Ȧ󣬿Ʋסڵϡ 
λֶסʺ˧ֻǡ 
ɱ 
ɱһǵģǱһεĵط 
˧ɱһ˻Ҫ鷳һҵûˡ 
ǣôߣǾġ 
˧ЦĥңҲԣлĻܵͬȵĴ 
볤ŨһһЦˣɵϡ 
ɵϣһᷢġ 
ͷɣļһЦ˵ 
˧Ҳ˲ˣָ벢ָȥסʺǸһûϵ˧컹³ָ֣ڴϣʱ 
ôʱ˧һڶԷ°ϡһ󷭿գһﱻߵÿѪ˧ѣɽУָ˧Сӣ֣Ҫ 
ǿڰɣ磬չʾԼܣԴԴϨתɣĽ߽֯Ǿڡƣ 
ΧҶʼҡĴ£ҿʼתʱĹСϸСҶһƬƬ£еѹֻʣϸСĸӣ˧ǰλߵͷƮǵɫ˱仯 
ǲɵϣ֮ͬ˧ǵһסӣתȴûнͬλ޴ʯһ̶ڵϣ˧첻ϼǿǣûԷ 
áĴǺܶ࣬ǰգһλħʦɹû뵽λɫ˸飬õˣǣ͸տӰţվڵλߵʾ֮¶ΪѪףʾĳ΢Ľɫɣס֮ƣ 
һɫĹܿ콫˧ΧУ٣һһ˧ȦȦڣһ˧һɱζ 
Ҫͨˣ˧ѾΪйǿؼѹ壬ǣһλʱѾȥˡ˧ųǳܱȣˣȦڼȥƣ£ֱֻܽ 
צӵ˧ʺ˧죬һߡ 
ԷĮ˧죺Сӣ㻹ԣӵû㣡 
˧һЦҲңôٿˡ 
ߵǿҲڴ֡ 
˧Ŷ 
ӵƽɱɣҲڡ 
ƽߣӣȻץסģ㶯ְɣ 
ã 
ƽ£߹׷ͳһ巨һĸȦûɣ һȦסɻһں 
ڽ˧֮ӵɭġ˧ЩĺˣѵĻ̫ϧˡ룡 
ǲЩģǣộ˭أһ̡ܶ 
˧첻ţܡ 
ɣ 
ȦһɣӸ߿Ȧ£˧۾Ҳ֮ϣȴĽ٣ǣֻһȦһֶ߿գ£˧ǰȻվһλӢ˷﷢ˡ˧Ĵ࣬ȴʮ̡ҲֻҪ˧ΣյʱϾ˧̫Ҫˡ 
㣡 
ɫľȦڰһҫۣǰѻҫˡȻ޷ʦһƽ׽ˣҲֻŻ̤ؾԼ 
˧ͬʱѾӺƽ벻ǣƺͬһʱ䣬ӡƽʺѾͨĽɱģҲߣǣĻ𽣾Ͳͬ 
һѪӻϻ䣬뽣ʣתͷ˧졣 
ˣˡ



94 

       ˧󣬲ɵΪʲôҪɱǣ ЦΪֻҪţͻ㹹вģһ£һ·ϣһỤ뽣ʦǱ 
˧첻˱ݶΪһӢۣһ裬ǣЦ㣬ϣ̫˽ˣҪ𣬾һ֮ 
ûһӢ߲ҪܹɹӢ۵ıҪ˸ۡ˧죬㶮õĶ̫ǳˣֻɵһ2Ȱ㻹ǿЩɣ似ѾܲˣȥҲû塣 
˧ִ֪磬ֵܣҪɱˣҪȿǺáҲϣ޹ҶһҪ彻ɱ⼸ˣ̫ˣҸ˵һץңԵĵԶԶֻ⼸λ 
𣿲Ѿɱ˵ʲôҲû壬Լɣһ㱳㣬¡ 
˧Ȼ˵Ҳֻ 
ڻȥɣȽ4ʬ尲úãȥ 
˧һɣʧ 
Դ뿪ӶźӶһֱûƽȻʵȨ̫ʵûӦһЩӶΣӶҪſλħʦӽżλӳǿӦʱֻ죬ڣ˧Ļͦס˧첻ĻȨѹλħʦ 
ʱһȥ˧컹ûлӲЩġȣ˧ȥ޻أһ˧ڻزѾˣɫѰߣһȺȺ˵Ӷ 
ӵüëһֱܽǡм˲Щ֧ˣǺĶ𿴶׺ӶǳʱܻһվӽΧӺȻû뵽˼㣬һܣ˧ûκ 
ڻѱߣ˾Ż𣬾һֱûпءϾɵϣһ˧ûаʱλħʦᱻſǽõȨ˧ǻӶŵ˶Ը˧죬˧ԵĲλħʦǿӶţʮء 
òŵģųġ 
ŶΪʲô 
Ϊһ׵ġ 
ӵΪǰûʧҲһ޷쵽ѽ 
ʵ˧ųһܴˣϸϲôĴʮֲҲҪ汨ϣˡ 
˵һӳˣҪ˵Ļ˧ų¡ 
ӵ㻹˵أŵʵ㣡 
ǰŵԶ˼㡣˽ġ㰮һˣͻὫһ֡˼ĿУ˧Ѿһ֡ 
ЦҲɣŵ˵ȷңǣܹ 
ӵҲֻŻô̤˧ųˣԶɣû˧Ӷţʵ̫ûˣʵľ˿ɣľ˿ܹ˴⾳ 
ǰɣʵ 
ʵҲٶ˵صͳһϸСľ˿ȻȻǾַô죬պòŻ顣ʵȷǾӼɼԵˣʵĺһȥҲʵ˸С 
ӾϸӶ֮Ժ߱紵Ӷ޲ŨŨ⾳ȼţľ˿ڷж 
˵֣˼ôӣҵӺܶ࣬û˭ʵľ˿һľľ˿һԾ֪ʱۿѾʪΪ˰ȻԱѸԶĵط˿ֻ̣һƽˣûȨҲò˵Ĺάһжʧȥңֻ˧֪˼㣬Ӷ᳤֮Ů 
ҽʵ˵ΪһȥԼûӣ׵Ҳɥʧô 
ˣʵҲ̸ֻӣʵҹˣϢˡ 
˼㣨˧ųôûлأĪġ 
 
һӰλΣʱʱ죬Ӱȥ١еĿⶼӰϣӰڿзɻһӺ󣬺ܿھĻǰ 
ĿǸߴӰ㲻ʶ˧죬ǰѺڽҲûм˲ʶȺ˼㡣 
˧죬˧ 
Ӧý˧ų鼱֮£˵¶졣˧ŶЦЦСң˵һġ 
һЩӶѯųôû˵壿 
ǰûΪɣһ˵ 
˧Ѳܣлֵܹ˧ĳʵ벻ľ档ҲμӻʱͻȻһ¡ӵĻϣ3жв弫˷Ϊ˧ĳΪͨڸϻΪ¡ 
ʲôҲ˵岻ͨ 
˧ͷԸǣҲߡ 
ӵ˧죬׼Σ 
˧Һ廹ʶλߣӼǶȽ֧ңһҿֻӲͷƤǿͨˡ 
˵Ȼαذλħʦأ 
仰˵˧һǿнλħʦסλħʦӣھ㽫Ƿˣͬջԣ˧ģһ⡣ 
ӵλħʦһˣ˧Ҳǰδеξء 
ܲܽԶסɣ˵ 
Ƥӳˡ 



95 

       ˧ЦûȨλħʦΪӶǵİȫһҪǵΪֻŲ˽սȻ˿ֵ岢Ƕֻ࣬аңһսǻϽʬԸǡıɿԸӶŽһδ̡ʱѪӶŵ˽ɥڴˡ
˧ųܹȫͨ˿֣
˧Цʵûаٷ֮ٵİգҲǵѡ񡣡
һ·ϴҶ˧ųı֣ǵ˧ųλħʦͳһһſǣ֪ûи彻ʱڲѾѣɲֹۡ
һλӶ˧ųȻܴ޷λħʦȰƾʲôҪ˧ųúվħʦΪмأ
˵ĻҲ޵֧˺ܶ
˧ȭͷ˵úܶԣλħʦħȷܸǣ˧ĳֻΪеκһλ֮¡ȻƷǣͿɼǿ쵼ɱ쵼ǿЩ
ӵһֱ˧ųʵǺŵģҲҸһλħʦһɹõ֤죬ûбҪ£Ǿܸ彻֣򣬳Կ˫ûи񹫹Ӷֶɥڱ̫ûмֵˡ
ӵĻ˵꣬ӶǱ㽻ͷӶ۷׷ףһ˧һ֣Žˡֻ˧Ҳҡ˵ǲңĽǵˡ
λųΪ˴ҶλħʦȨǵĴ֪룬һ·ϣѣλħʦûаǣΣյʱλħʦȴһ߹ۿӶȨǵصģ˧ų
ʵ˵öԣӦȫȫ
һԴʣеӶӶˣҶɢ˧죬ƺڴʲô˧һ죬ԴҵˣҵӶռҲûҪٽͣɣǾ·ǰ棬һʲô£һˣҪ
˵Ĺʵһϲ໥һۡҲο˧죬ʹʹɫһסģ¾ͺðˡ
ҹˣɢֻʣ˧졢ӡʵ˧ĵĶȥɣúϢ
һվһ
˧̾òΪ²ͣû㣬ҿܷϸĿ࣬ȥɣ̫ˣ˾ͻġ
˧һ۵
ʵȻСˣҲ߰ɣλųһġ
ӺǺһЦҵʵζС
ô˾һ۵ʲô𣿡
ӵԽԽŮȥɣ˿Ŷ
㡭
˧˾һۣʾӲסڣˣҴˡ
ų۸ңҼסˣлһᱨġ
ſOΡ
˧ˣҲϢˡ
ڣ˧ڴϡ
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似Ѿԣǲеģ߲֪˵ķܸߣɹŲᱻߵ״ܡ
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Զмôҹʱ֣˧һߣϥŶ
ͷһͣ˧콫򿪡ǹ£ڵͼڻζ˧ѾõһڶɵⱾСһһûзʦ˵ûһܣǲ·ģܻܿ߻ħ
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۹ҫεƬչջζʮҫۡͻȻԾں˻һ֡˧ϳ֡ţһһֻ۾һ£дһ֣ΰţһǰһ֮ǰԾҲһ֣Ѫ⣬ŷǱľܣ꣬ת
˧۾ǰδ˷ܼˡζʲôͻȻ֮ǰһûˣеġ֪ʱԶȼţġɻҳ档˧һϧ飬ҵ飡
һֱúڰ˧쾲Լ˸ղ̻壬ΰѪ⣬ŷǱľܣ꣬ת
Χյǰδƽ˧۾ƽܣʮʧΪġû˿ղ޷һС
˧Ц⵽Ϊʲôأأ
ʱͻȻһӽŲ죬Ȳǹӿؼʱ˧ȫһɾ޴Χţһǿҵıŷ֮
Ŷɣڲ֪У˵˳˿̣ǰѾˣɫĻһȼʲôҲû
96 巨

       ˧һθоĸôҲû뵽һգ䣬ԼܹʧӰ١
˧첻֪3ǷɣҲ֪ֻҪܳɳڵѾջأϢһ
ڶ죬ӶǷ˧ڵϡֻλЦų˯ã˯ʵڲҹά
Ц߹ȥļιų
˧۾
㻹˯˯š
˧Ц㣬Ҳࡣ
ʾʾɫȡʱɣ·Ҫ
ʵһԣǱȡʱ䡣
Ƥӳ˿ֵ̫òżأ⼸ϢҶЩˡ
˧쿪ڵӶ̰ɣ
˷ħ޺һЦӶ֮һȼĵպӶͦ帹أĵһ˧Ѿػش˵أЩ顣
˧ųҪҪкأ
˧գ³һ仰ǵģӦˡ
Ƥӳһûмʶ˵Ƿǲ˵ô񣬾Ͳö֪ˡ
˧׵Īʶһ£
Ƥӳæֵܸǹأֻ˵˵ѡ
˧Ц㲻ʶ壬Ҳֵġ
ӵҪ˶ºѣǻÿ
˧˾һ۵ûʲôɿǵġ߾ǣ
ӵ嵽׻᲻Ըأ
˧ҲǴǰµн
һ·ϣ˧ĴͻȻϮѪӶżǧ˲СĿ˵ȨҪƸӶ嶯ҲסϿúأ˫ֺͺѽˡ
ŨԽԽԽԽܡ
˧ܲԶˣΪ˲Ϊ빥ǣ˧ҪӶŵٶһЩȻʶȻҲ

һУ˧ħֹͣǰħϣ˧ǰûкȻħ޲еģ͡ľĻζһӰȣʧ
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ǸӰڼηк󣬸պվһϡ˲Ǳˣʱġ˧֪ʱĲϲѣѺõʱģԭ㣡
ʱĵƤһӲϯϵЦȫûС䶢˧죬þûк˧켰˶оЩ쳣ɶ
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ʱĵԽԽ࣬תҪʱֵܣ˳ֵܡ˧죬ʣһҪ
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ҵλںη
ԭǼ¡ɱ4λߵĲ˧죬Ҳ֪ʱô֪Լйء˧첻ҳԼɱ4λߵ֣²ģˡ
𲻳ˣ˧죬֮⣬˭¡
˧ЦΪʲôҪɱأҵɱ˶
ʱɭ㵱Ȼɱǣֹ뿪㻹᲻𣿡
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˧һ𣿡
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˧㻹һ
ʱĵǰߺֻܶ࣬㻹ǰһףͽĴǰ֪ͨ㡣һǰ½ΪʲôҪˡ
ƨ˧ԲǺˣẦ˻ҳϡ
ɵļһ
˧һӣʾⶫӱ˵˶Ƭ̺˧ŵλȥе½Բ
ӵĵ˧죬һ߽ܱɱ
ų˵Ķԣ˧ų㲻ðաʵü
˧ŵλģһᰲȫġ
˧ųôţı
˧ǺһЦСң˵һ
Ȼˣ߰ɣ
˧ǰȥŨ֣幬ȺıѾ׼ѪӶŽоս
սŨѾս˧ЩĪҪһս˧ֻװʲô¶ûУ߹ȥֻϣսҪĽУΪӶǰװսϡٵĴ
˧պǰ˧ŹֻǺܿ켸λ巨סʺ˧ûƷ
Ũü۽˧죬þδҲڸǰ죬Եرš
ɽƻ࣬ΪӦдһ顣
˧ͷ侲ʵ˵ҴûԲ飬෴һ㣬濴һۣŵԻҵҳϣǣ㲻ӦʱĵĻеһжǧ˿ƵĹϵĻ֣һеһУĽ
ʱĵ࣬ʣƾʲôô˵ܸ档
˧ֱ˵ǲܸ棬ӦҪʵǣӦƾ۵Ĳ²ǲǣ
97 Ȼʧɫ

       һֱûпڵͻȻȻƾ۲²⣬Ϊο϶ʱľ֣𣿡
˧ЦȻҶ˶ԷΪʲôһλأңҾûкݵˡ
Ǻ˭أ
˧»Ҫ飬һжƾ۰¡ҾоսһսԿĻӶź޷սģǴ½ǿģһССѪӶŲʲô˿ֵӪʧȥĻӰĵ򣬵ʱ׻ʾԻġ
Ũüŭвҡ
˧Ҵûвκˣܹвġ
ȭͷѾסŭɫȻΪʲôӶأѵ򣬲Ӧʾ
˧죬ֱ졣ѪӶŵӶΪ֮ۡ
˧ʾԵҲɣҲӶȥΪԤʱǴ˧ĻһΪ˹ûѡ뿪ɣ
Ҳڣһֱ˧죬ûкҲڹ۲˧죬ǲʲôոոã˶硣
˧䵽ϣ˵Ŀ⽻ʱ֮âһֱûұ̬ΪʱѾܶˣһӣŵȸ뿪˿֣
ƽһӣŵ˧죬ҿԲΪ㣬ǣûе֮ǰǲܷ뿪ġˣ˿ֵǽ
ʱĲ廰Լǡ
˧ô˵ǱضҪһսˡ
̾Ϣ֮⣬ûбѡ񡣡
˧ðɣȻˣǾͽսɣ
Ϊֹһһսܾˡ˧죬û뵽ԷȻսǰʧ棬˵ȥĻѾٷأȭͷҲսˡ
ðɣǽһγʽսʱսϣ顣
㲻Ҫ˧콻սĹ˳Ůһֱ˧죬Ǹ˵飬˧ʮĶ˧첻˺ŮȻλŮӴʱ䲻Ǻܳ治˺
ȥĶ
ΪʲôҪΪ˧أҿóԲ֣Ǹˡ
ʱĲһ벻Ҫ˧ʧңǰ˾Ǿӣ죬ۼ4λ߱3Ҳµ֡ǾӣǸΪе塣һֱǵжԣ죬ǿͨ򣬻7λֵܣ֮оֱ壬ôװ뿪أ
ʱֵ˵ļǣܷŹ֣Ź壬˿߶ϡ

ͻЦЦܵƽҲʹŵոŨЦ˧쿴ôϤ
ʲôˡ
صһ㲻ʶˡ
Ϊʲôأġ
ش𣺡㲻ֵѽ
ûܵ裬ƺҪվֻǻ侲û˸ڱǰ˵ֻҲ̫˰ɣ
˧һ䣺Ҹ˵˵˿ûеֵġ
˻һʱġЦЩ죬ϾǶж֡
ĳ˧죬ƾʲô˵仰أҲ̫˿ֵ˰ɣ
˧Ҵûп壬κһһΰġֻ˵Ķʵ˿֣֮˶Ǻͨ£ǾԲֵġ
Ц
˧챻Ц𾪣ߡ
Ҳ̫˽ˣֻҪҴ˿λѡһλ˵˶ռ⡣
峤ϵӦúܸãȻˣһԼ
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峤ϴңҾͳǧС
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˧죬˧죬ôܸ˽أ
˧ش𣺡ллġ
ĵĸѣЩߺпܾɱġ
˧λȷɱģ3λҾͲ֪ˡ
ʵλ7λ߶ɱģ֮⣬һҪɱһλҲߡ
˶˭λɱأ˵Ŀⶼ䵽ϡԼһӵ־һʰ㡣
ãѡ񳡵ذɣλǰأ
ɱԶ
һ䣬ΧҶ׷¡һɫӰţҶȺ󣬳һλӲߣɫװɫߡϾǳϣȻ٣ȴԵþ§С˾һľ㼸˪ȴаȻʧɫļ
ͨߣһһľȣڱҪʱľȻܵأǰλϣȻѾҪκĵزǲܳΪġ
˳֣׵ĻӭҶ糤ϡ
糤϶Աߵ̬ȿνмֻǰһ񣬹ֵллϷ½ңϷΡ
Ȼ㲻λڵһǣûʧһξϣ֮
ʧ糤ϡ
ȻѾˣλѱ⡣
ǣҽֻһͨˣȫǱŽƽ¶ 
98˽Խ

       Ǿ׷Źɱߵ֣ǶԷֻЩǰλߵɲ⡣صͣҲڵĲ̽ѰŶԷڡǣԷ̫ǿˣҪ̽Ѱڣס
糤ϵĶڲϲţϣƾ֪ԺδǣȷԺηһʱ糤ϲ̾µȷһ˲ĸ֣Ҹ֪ڡ
ɣ糤ϣȻ֮ĹƽԣϣֻһԱûκ˹սڡ
˻һ̸¶ֲɫΪ˳֣취׽סǣ˽˼ȻԷҪҲûа취ֻõû취
ĺͷڹ꣬бѽأǲҵ
ʱҲְɣ
ʱģ⣬һҪɱ߾㣡
仰ʱĵɫסɵϣܹɱλߣҪɱȻ練ơʱΪһҪɱԼԼģҲûãɴӢ۱ɫƵĵΪһˣҲ޻˵˲ɱˡ
Цɱɱɣ
ҲǸѽôˣһ·һǲˡ

ֵֹּÿ˵ĶĤЦǿĪĳ衣˶սȭͷ
ڴרԺηʱ˧ͻȻ³һ仰ɱģʶˣ
޲˧ȥ
ĺȻ֪˵˵ɣ
˧ҡҡͷǲ˵ġΪҴӦԲй¶й顣
ĿϬˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪ʲôˣ
˵Ŀ»صϡܹƲԷҲֻž߱ȻûûгڵĲŻɲ
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˧һɫ糤ϵɫҲˡ
ӵԿ϶
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ĵ벻־ˣһԸΪΪѣΪʲô˺أ
˧ЦɱݵĲһֻɱ4λֹ뿪ߣ
ΪʲôҪɱӣûʺϵ𣿡
ش𣺡һ㻹һʱİɣӦÿʵش㡣4λʱĵֵܣҪǰʱģȥ
ʲôòŵ۹ʱġʱļˣ涨ͬ˶һ֤ȷ䣬
ʱļյʲôˣ˵˵ҡûָʹκˣҲû˼ݣ㣬ݺˡ
벻˾Ȼɣ̫ʧˡʱģ㻹ǳˣһֺαأ
ͻȻǵʱģµǲɵģ
ʱҡҡͷûУûС
һֱӹϵǺܺáûнӷԣϣӽʱƻҸԲԣ
ıƲʱʮּһҾû뷨ȻҸӹϵãûбҪӵĻ¡Ҫ˺Ҳ˧죬ӦӺ͵ȸǣûûСԼҸ
һʱĵļҸյûʱɣԼǱʶ飬һֱ뵽ھεӿͷ˲飬ʱıϾĺѽ뵽б仯ٶ˵
ȻҲ޻˵㻹ϳҾɣҲһϳ
糤һۣʾʾɫ糤ϣΣ
糤ϵһİš
ãҾͽ½㣬λѽְɣˣֻҪ˧˷߾ǣ
˧һͻȻ֮µĳ嶯ɷµĵȨңұ֤֮ڵ¡
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˧ֻҪԸӶһӶһκӣҿԴӦ㡣
ȻʤΪ顣
˧ЦǸʵʵˡûаϵ¡Ȼ·ϣһϣ⿪ţʵڲϣΪԼӰĹϵң糤ҲһʦʧְﻹӴ
۲һ£ͻȻ䣬˧ֱö࣬һ֡һˣ
Ŀ䵽˧ϣ˧ֵܵΪˣʱ䲢Ҫֿ²סԣ²ô׵ġ
ǰ˧ǰ˧ûбҪ
ʱĲԵȻ˵ģӦýܵ飡
ĵʱģΪ˧𣿡
ն
ʱЦ˿ֲʱ֮ģң뵱꣬ҸҲѣʱʮѺãԴӼҸȥĸƯ磬ʱĻΪΪھϸһռ䣬û뵽ļҾȻݲҡãӽʱ뿪˿֣Ҳⲻ֮أ
ʱĵһʮΡʱĵĸǰĹϵʮֺáû뵽ԴѵĶӣ뵽ЩԴʱĵĸ뿪ȷûкúöԴڽ
ĵⲻܹļңһ𾴼Ҹĸûйܽ㣬Ŀ˵ĸ߰ԡһֱΪԼˣΪԼһ˽ԽĸӰ̫ˣܴ˽



99

       ʱĿЦģû뵽Ȼ˵ĻһֱΪĿУ֮һҴһоѣԭʱĿУˣҲ֣Ҳֵû˿ֱ𡣼ȻҶδһĻҲ޻˵ֻԴ˵һ䣬ָĲңλеκһλָߵֽΣ
һ𺶣Ŀɿڴ
糤ϱϾǳϣЩϣվڹϡŰɫĳ룬̾Ϣңɸ磬ҲӢܣΪ˿¹ͣ˵ûûλĽ졣ڣѾȥʥ򣬸׻һΪʥˡʱĶӣӦòỵȥ³֮⣬˿ָ֣ˣΪӦøһܱɡ
лл糤ϡҲֻվ֤ϣҽ
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һֱûпڣⱾҲ˼ĻѾҲֵˡ
Ȼ˧Ը3ʱ£ˣֻϾǡһˣԣº׵顣ţּƻôܻ©ġ
˧ȣݵõĲϡܹö߶ĶҩͬѰ
Ҳϣ˧죬΢Ц˧Ը£һһֱġ
˧ҲУҵҵĺֵܾ
һЦûϵѣҲҵѽ
ʱĲм˵˳ѣߵ¸֮׻ʣ߶о
ɵҲ˵öԣ׻ʻԸⱾ˿̵ΪסҪģһ˿ֵʧȥҪ˵أʮѡÿһأ
ʱĵҲӦɣ
糤ϵʱģɣΪûġ
糤ϡ
˵ˣ֪顣糤ϵ
ĵʱģȻǴСһ浽ģֺαأ
ʱĮ㶼ҵѣһҽ㵱𣿡
һĿƺٸһ
ʱĵû˵
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ȣʱģʱֵܣһֱܶԲˡ
ʱĳһۣʣǡ
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ʱĲܱ˵ͬ飬ڶһ裬ǵ㲢ûжҵѣԷϿңû˿Զߡ
㳣ˣʱ˧죬㻹ȥһ֮ڵ£ûеɹһνϡͬ𣿡
仰ʱ¶һ˿ϲɫ
˧ȭͷһ£ã3죬3ûв֣Ҿ֣ԸһдԹԡ
ˣ˧硣¶ĵɫ
˧㲻˽ң
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˧˿ֵʱѩѩѾȫ˧¡ΪѰ˧죬ѩ粿ǻ˲˼ǣֻ֪˧ѪӶȥ߾¡ᵽ˵߾൱ΣյġΪˣÿÿҹΪ˧쵣ġ
ŮὫ˼˵ڸףѩֻܴŮϴ˼ǣŮ˼Ǳ仯޳ģʱر˧죬ʱֱú侲ΪûбҪô嶯
ѩһѪǱһ˧죬һҲ˼յѺʦֵܡ޳ѪǱڣյѾˣУҲ֪ĳ䣬ʱʮأ꣬Ҫ̼ϳҲס
һϵõģǾħơλħ᳤ǰѩʦ֣ѩһһʱ䣬˶ʶʮӴ֣ѩȻ֪˿̵ħѾħĻ᳤ŮͶӶѾ20ˡǵһħʱֻʮ꣬绪ïѪգǣѾڸԵԼ
ѩǸиˣΪһλͨħϰȨħƣҲȨħᣬħȡϵԼδͤ
δͤѪǱһͨͤӣ˵һʱħ˽֣ſڵϣֱȵñΡѩļʱ֣ʹнѳºħƸѩѣħʹЩͳĴ硣
20δֻһ˶ЩصѩħƿԵúܺᣬݣǷϣ硣ħƵѩ忴ȴǸ߲ʡһͦħϵ£ֻһ˫Ь޷סǰȣħԵЩҲԣûѹԵþ
20δûİУһͽԷڻþûзֿ
ܡ
Ƹ磡
ҲѩĹ˵ô˾ͻ֪Ϊʲôħڱ˿Ϊʲô̸ġʵħĿУѩ֮⣬û˿ԳΪѣԣڴҿħĮģħһ𣬺߽硣99 
100 ս

       ֿһЦ
ѾܾûмˣƸ硣ѾħĻ᳤
ǵģܹλãֱһָˣܣЩ꣬ûԴӸС뿪֮󣬾ҲûϢ˵뿪ħȥ񹫹Ҳ˵ѾˣЩһֱϢôҲҲ䣬ˣܣЩ㵽ȥ
ѩЦ޳ǰСȥˡ⼸һֱСŮ粶һһƫƧĴʮƽ̸
𣿡ħƳ̾ΪСҵȷ̫࣬꣬СǵΪҲû֪ͨԷˡ
㲻Ҵｫ߰ɣƸ硣
ôأܣһֱõֵܣܹøõѣʹ࣬ҲĸԸ˵ģ뿪ǵĻҲħ᳤λϵ㡣
ѩҡҡͷƸ磬һֱҴıҴˣС֮ĸҪҸСһ֮ĹϵͲᷢչô죬ҲûлｫߡΪ£һֱڻ֪ϣû˱ҸСǣҲϣû˱С㡣ǣСڰ뱻Уѡ˺ߡ˵һе㣬һе֡
ħյƲʣ̾˿Ѿ޶СϾĳĸоɻζֻǣֻ䣬ԼʹϾ˴ߵģǱˣǸԼϵõֵܡѩ塣
ǰһжѾȥӦǹȥ¿ʼ
ѩھεҪȫǹȥǼ׵£лл㣬Ƹ磡
һһ𣺡λħƲɣ
ħƲûעվһߵŮҲͤӱߵһȹѩ粲ױ˲ħƵһ̣ħЩ͡ǰŮյС̫ˡ
ħƵѩ粵һȻǰѾܴ󣬵ԼһŮɻǻЩӰ졣
ѩܵλҵŮѩ粡
òŽͣħѾƲ⵽ĸŮ⣬û˻᳤ơħź룬̫ͬ̾ˡ
ѩСûƯڸദк࣬Ҹ˵ҪӦûԵкġ
ħƿЦǰΪƮѩѪǱŮѩ粣ŷƮѩΪΡ
ѩ粵ˣħ˵ңҿɲ˼
ħЦЦòźߣĲǵֵܡȻˣ͵Ҽȥɣ
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ħƵֵܣôûм棬һҪȥ㲻ԸңҲӦüһĴɩɣƮݡƮѩλҲġ
ѩЦǰȻħʢ飬ҲӦȥһѽ
ħһЦ粶Ӧˣ㻹ԥʲôأ
Ǻðɣ

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Ϊ˵˭Ǻɱݵ֣˧ҪŪľǱʲôҩģҽǱġԴˣ˧ҽѯԴһﶾֶһֺϸСϳɵĶأʳ˻ᱻֶƻθ󶾷
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ӵҲһδ֪أ
ĵӦòģʱĵѲ࣬Ǽ⣬û
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ĵⲻ֪㲻һ
˧ɫԱ˵㣬ʲôˣ
ĵһλϣϳϡ
˧ƳϼλϣӦòʱĹᣬԣʱͬıĿԺ١
ӵô˵ʱǰӦʵĲ£ʱĹϽôῴĺأ
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6
101 Ƚ

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˵һֱţϣӶԷ³ʲôһ߽˧΢΢һЦһ㡣
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ȥ󣬵ֻʣ4ˡ˧ſżɽһˡ
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˧ЦΪʲôλõԭ򣿡 



102 ǰɱ

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˧˵һЩԲ£Ҳͬƽϡ
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˧ô˵ʱĵĹϵҲΪһػʱıܡ
ҵ˽һֱΪҲΪڸ߰ӱԣڶԴ߰˷棬ѡĮ·øӷ
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ӵ˧ǴӼӪ߳ģʱˣڼӪΪ٣͸ʱĲࡣԣԽҪĵˣԽҪģҪΪԸ߰
ĵⷽ棬ǶòҼǵСʱʱõģϲЦǣԴʱ뿪ͱóĬöǰҲҲùƧ򣬸һѾˡ
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ӵڴڸԵУֺαںԷߣһλôԼҾˡ
˧Ȥأ

˧Ƥô˵𣿡
ҡҡͷҵȻҼʲôأս;УȴѪǱ˭֪ʲôأҲڲõһ죬ҵɾ
˧ļ򣬰ο黳ҸáΪˣܹ;ͻ쵽һǺٵˡ
ӵǵģҵʿãһţףҳΪʿҸ׵ļһ̣Һܸжֳ嶯Ѿˡ
˧ѵüΪʲôأ
֪̾ΪʲôҾһ
˧ǺЦɵˣұ֤3Ǿ̣10Ǿ߳˿֣ٹ£Ǿִܵ｣ʦǱʱǾܸ񹫹ľӽսǰɱУһλʿĹ١ӣԲһʿ֪𣿡
ҡ
İɣңҲ㣡˧ŵ



103 ʥ֮һ

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˶ţӶһƣ˧΢Ц˧֣Ⱥȱƾ˵
˧Ʊ΢Цѵþдˣ
ǰһֵһһȻһЦ˧һȥˣ3ʱҪ£ףϣһֵܰæ
һأӵ
˧û⣬Ի߱ҵġ
ŶΪʲô
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ӵô˵һССȻǲġ˽λѵǿҹȻսıϡ
˧ҼʶĽһ֣ƺûʧֹ
üëһʽҼ𣿡
˧εܲС
ŶΪʲô
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ӵ˵Ҳûа취ˡˣ׼ʲôʱ
˧Ӧ˯ʱһϲǸʱ
ӿЦˣҾͲϢˡ
˧ǺһЦ㻹ϲ˯ãϢɣ
ã
ӴľڴϺ󲻾þʹ˺ࡣ˧һЦߵߡǺӲãҹĻһ紵˧촺Ѿȫ١
˧ϲ죬ϲ羰ţȴࡣٹ죬ܹҵ𣿲ʱɣ֤أֳû˿켣Կ϶ʱľ֣
˧ģһͷˮڴûн֮ǰԲ˵ԼС
ɣ󣡡š
ʱһӴɽƮ䵽⻯һΣţ˧ĸǰӰ
֮ңվһȻ˧Ӧ֪ҵĿġ
ͷΪʲôôɵң
˧ָǣ
ԴӶߵģΪʲôأʲô֤ʱľ֣
˧ܸܲ䣿
춢ʱģȻ֪䣬λϣǷʲãİʱģʱһ⼰ʱ
˧첻Ͽɵ˵ʹˡ
Ϊʲô
˧ܿ϶ǰһǺĻˣڣĻ˾ξʱģӦûʱӡΪ˵ӣһҽ⣬֪Ļ
·ҵϻ֡ﻨļ紺һĵطø⣬ǸõĻ
˧֮ҲˡˣȻѾңȥɣ
ˬ죬΢Цá
һһʧ˧һȥ˧̾һغãҲڴϡһ㡣
ϣķ䡣ţ߽ʱ˧컹û𴲣Ѿѹˡ
ϸĵ˧컹˯ǵȥɣ
ĲԸ˾һ
ӵʱ仹磬˧컹𴲵ġ
ĵÿ춼ĺǲǣ
ӵԴӽѪӶţˡ
ĵȻųΪʲôôأ±Ц𣿡
ӵû˻Цϰ߾ˡ
˧һֻۣƤӣСҵı˵һѽ
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˧ǰ͵˧磬ɣҴȥ⡣
˧۾ô֪
ĵұ֪ҵĸ֪
ȥ
ĵǵġ
˧㻹ȫȫҡ
ĵû취ѽ
Ϊʲô˧
ĵʱˣűӣòŵҲ
˧£˷ΣȻļ߰ɣȥ
˳ͺĴ·ϻȥ7ﲻǺԶ˧ķֻмӾ͵ˣǣǶϰУһ·ǲжȥġһ羰·ŷ羰һйشֵ顣ȤһˣĲϲһ𣬵ʱֻñ첻
ʯ·ת䣬ͨһڹžŵϻˡϻʥ֮һһὫĳЩΪǵʥأ׼һС߽룬Ҫ鱨ϻ֣ʥ֮һϻȴû֪ľǴƳϡ



104 

       ϻһϻƬÿһϻ϶һһϻʮֲáϻһ껨Ǻɫģɫֳӳɫʡפϻߣ˧ͣƬ̣
˧磬ΪʲôͻȻ֮䲻أ
ժһϻ˧΢΢һЦֻһǵһμ治
ĵϻĻ֮һ˵һй빫ϻɹڻʹǻʺϻһֻ棬ֻĿҲ֮٣죬ԭܴĻֻڴܼǱĻδܹƯĻ
˧ͷֻȷ亱ֻܹһϻûа
ӶԻûȤɤŵ˧죬ǰҪڲͻʱ򡣡
ĲɵҲֻ˲ûˣͻһǾӡ
ӲõҲŲԸӣֻҲƽ𣿱޻Ҫѷɫˡ
۾һ޻
޻˲ܳҼܶء
ĵ𣿰޻ֻڴ˵δ׼
ߵһǰͣ˧ǰһ˵񣬲˿
Ե޹̾ʲô
˧ش𣺡û֣һйɺǿ𣿡
ҡҡͷôоأ
ҲûиоҲǡ
˧㿴
ָǴϵһľȣľȵĶϾȻʣʮֶĿŷʵľȣ߶䵽ľϡ
˧ʣʲô
ҡҡͷħȡ
ĲΪħΪܣôħأӦװ
װӲҵһ˵װ
˧ǺһЦòô˵Ҳΰһ壬ûʷƾãԴӳֺһֱڴ½ռ൱ķ
Щλô˵ü֡
ӵǱ͸
ߣ˺ᡣ
˧ľӼһЦӣ㻹Ǳ˵Ҫ֪أ˵ɲáһŭܻܿһսһǲҪսҪȥ񹫹ս
ӵô˵ҪսĻ˭Ҳ˵׼
ˣ˵ֻ˼ҿɲһ
ӵû㵽
㡭ĵģʮѿ
˧첻ΪС¶ܣֹλôΪһЩС¶ܣûҪģʵ塢嶼ԳΪѣʷϣҲйһֽʷֻΪˣڲ̸֮£ҪǼ⡣
˵䣬ϵľȾȻʧˣţǰĴžȻԶˣԴ˾˶һ
໥һۺ󣬾һʣǲѾϵҪ
ĺܿ϶Ƴϱһλ˲Ĳӣ£᲻֪ǻ˵أ
һţžͽǹڱڡһֻޱţڱڵһࡣҲ壬ֶ֮䣬һֱ̬塣Ӽޣ̲סϸֿǣˣſڵֺë޾Ȼ˫Ŀð⣬׵صʲôǲҪҸһڡ
ֻ۾ֱˣû뵽ܵԷӣʱָң
Ͳ޻شѽҾ㣬ô
ãСӣ֣ҷҪѵ㡣
ӾҪ֣ǣͻȻס
ңһҪѵ
׻˵ˣ޵˾ҪҵƳϣ㲻ǸҲںƳϵӰɣ
޽ӻӣΪģȻһˣֱ̫ʧˡ
ޣ̫ʶ̧ٺòã
޵ѽҾǲʶ̧٣ô
ĵãȻô˵ôֻöǲ
˵꣬ȭһӣȭӰޡ˧졢û뵽Ļô챻޸ŭҲֹȭͷɹȥȭͷ֮ʣͻȻˣȭͷ˿գ޲ɡ
յ֣Ѿˡ˧һ죺ٿˡ
ͨ£˧ǲ˵仰ģ˽˧죬ɵǵȷٿˡ
ĵֻޣͻȻأ
˧˵һַ֪У
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˧ֻǲ²ѡ
ĵ˵Ǹղżǻ󣿡
˧ֲֻ²⡣
ӵôĻôĲ򵥡
˧Ŷ
ĵΪĴ֮һȻ򵥣һСŶ
һſˣ˧ӵȵһȥ
ӵڵǣ
˧ô֪ڵҲϡ档
԰Ǹôأ
Ƕ£㻹ʲôӲõ 
105 ֮

       ˧챧ȭҵֵ仹Ҳ֡
ʽĲ
˧ǺһЦ˭أҵȻǣֺûбҪġ
ĵŶ
˧ΪһӶųһμսˣҵСĻôҺԴս
ĵͷûһĵɫ޷ųġ
ЦЦλԽ˵ԽͶԵˡ
ĵû취˭һ־أ˧һۣ˧磡
˧ѾűߣɫűߣȶſһӣȻž߽ȥߵúСġߵ̫죬
һңŮ˵Ĺ뷿ɢ˱ǵ˧ľһŵ̲סڵζ
Ľ͵û˲ϲϻһȰˡ
ӵ˳ΪʲôҪ󼸸أһ˴ﲻ𣿡
˧㲻ǰ֪ǵ뷨Ϊһλǰ뷨ǶصģҲҪεסįһįβסˣǳɲ˴ġ
ӺǺһЦŶͦ˽Щǰġ
ĵ˧ôȻܹǰ飬ûôɵأ
˽ԼɵӼĵһû˵һû
仰һߵ˧Цˡķ֪ͺãһûмġ˵㱿Ҳ
ȭͷŭСô˵ҿˡ˵û㣡
ڰڷϡŹֵգеҲнƵĽƷϡŹֵϯһŽɳϰһֵֻֻС黹һգһգ
ֻ̲סȥã˧ֹ
ҶĶǲƵġ
ӻһֻۣǺѡ
˧쾫һΪɥĻ͵òʧˡ
ӵŶΪʲô
˧岻Ƿ壬Զôƽȫֶνһȥǲ˭Ҳû񡣡
һЦ˧̫ˡ
ӵ˧죬ԽԽˡûһƵġ
˧Ҳøղ̫Ŀˣֻõ⣬Ҳ˵㡣
ӵҲ̫ˣ˭ǺأͻȻ֮䣬ҾԼ̫ƽˡ
Ǻǡ
ĵС
һ̲֪ʱƮһָ̡
Сģ
գۼ䣬˧žӣǣԶȥûнӽ
̣˧촭ãûļơ
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Ӽ򵥵Ҳ̫ӣǳϣֶΡ
ĵȻ壬ҲöŪ˵ı壬ռǱ״½ôһһ塣
˧Цôãղһʮ͡
ĵŶΪʲô
˧Ϊѧ˵úܲ
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ӵ˵ЩˣôأǶ𣿼ΪʲôҪأ
ĵĻǵȷӦ
˧žøղ̫嶯æ˵Ķԣղ̫嶯ˣãߣٽ롣
ƴγһ򣬾޴һ̫һƣľԶԶɣţϯȥľҲͬʱ̾
̾Ʒɣֻֻɡ龰Ӳ̾Ҳ˵öԣ˧죬ղŲϵˡ
˧ԭǶðģ޾ǽ
Ĳõ˵ôһ壬ֶòġ
˧òĵѰڡ
տĴֳ֣һĿȻԣߣҲ׿
ڴңطûҵһɳϣ˧ʱ΢ЦôΪʲôأ
ĵôûе˼ҿû
Ŷ˧첻Ϊʲôأ
ĵҲ֪ǻˡ
ӵİʱģӦûô
˧۾תһȦпܣǸ֮ˡ
ӵ˶ˡ
ʣ벻Ҫ塣
˧֣˵Ǳ˵ĹﵽŮѽ
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ĸС˵Ҷһۻϵ
һʱ䶼ˡߣ˾ûһֳΧһȦ˶ûк
ֱϵٴ𣺡ŶҵΪʲô 
106 

       ˧üëһǰȻ֪ѾΪʲôҪأΪʲô
һǰһ£⾭غϵתͣǼҵλáת֮䣬һΣţһλˡ
˵ˣҲΪͬ˵ĸоʹʵϣˣ붼Ǻɫġ˵ĺǰɫģȳѿͬǰλ˸Եøߴ׳һ˫ӥĿȻȴָ˼֮ɫһͣӦˣǰȴ˿԰˥֮ɫ
ǳϷ·ܹܳס˵ϣԵرСһûģҲзΪĶ̫٣ˡ
˵Ŀⶼ⣬ûƿߡͬĿҲǡþõģ𣺡λȻҴϻ֣20һ
˧ֱ˵ǰһǰһ¡
ûʸңҲûʸϻ֣Ҫϻ֣Ҳʾ
ϳȻҶײ
ûпۣλǿİɣ10ǰһΣ㻹ǸССʱϾһˣͱˡ
ĵƳϣȻ֪ŮΪʲôǰӸ
ЦСȷСЩ£ܽ塣ȻĸǣҲ֪Ҵûнϸ֮λһֱûгȥҲûи̸ϻֹҵƽ
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ĿÿѿλҾǺݵ֣
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ӵ˿֣˭֪ʱĵĹϵУʱĵʲôϵ
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˧һЦĻʧ֣ϣھܵ£ǰһĳϣûкô
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ⶢֵǣһô֪أΪǰǰλ˿˺ɶԷĸо̫ǿˡ
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̧ͷЦһλ֣ҴԷ֡
Сӣң
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ƴ⼯Ƭ̶ƴתţ˧ͷҲ֮ƮǿǴѹ֮龰˧Ѿסĵ壬ϣλֱȶʱܹ
Ȼܿ죬޴ǵǰζ͸һһԵľӱŪһһģֱܿ
ҧأȫֹϮǣ̫ǿˣһ͸ź¡ʱһֻ§סӡյ˧Լ͸ĺ们䣬ô˳壬ֻҪǾϣǾûˡ
ͬһʱΣĵѾһı֮ΧѶϣ
˧촭Ŵֱ۽§ڻʱŮ˴Ŀд˧Ĵԡ˧켡ӵŮ̫ˣĲǵһȴǵһ»Ů
˿̣ĵһֹ



107 

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ǵǰʱʱ˧켰˶ǿ߸ŪͷĿѣڵĵֿͦסˡ
ͬʱģģû°ɣ
ĵĴ𣺡ûû¡
˧΢΢һЦû¾ͺáǵıϣһжûˡһᱣģġ
лл㣬˧硣
[һƬ]
һֱѰ˧ѩ粣ħ֪˧ڳǱһУԴˣʮֿģϾ˧ûʧ֪˧ҪΪȥ߾սЩ˼ܵ˧죬ϣ˧¡Ϊ˸˧죬ٴһֱǸŮ˵ħҡ
û취סѩϸŮħƶֵܵȥЩˣȻֵѳɼңıһӦõġȻԷѾҲûа취
ʰŮӷ߳˱ȳţȥ뿪Ϣħ᳤᳤ŷˡŮ͡ħұϾѪǱֵȻܵڶħʦ黶ӭħǰѩ弰ŮħʦΪ٣ԴˣѩָпҲЩź꣬ԼħƵˣҲΪħʦһλɹħʦϧûм裬ֻǰʵ
ħʦŮѩû֮ǰƮѩѪǱϵĵһŮǣѩ粵ĳ֣Щ˸ı˿Ϊѩ粲Ưر𴿽࣬Щħʦûһ֡Ʈѩԡ䡱۷ħʦʱѩ粵ġ΢Цڶħʦġ
ˣѩ粵ȥڶħʦпΪħƵ֮ŮûһħʦҶֻѩ뿪ʱ΢ЦЩħʦĿС
ЩħʦУһ򱣳־ӷȵƮҲЩĶȻѾŮǣѩ粵ĳ֣ҡ
ݸ磬ˣллЩӶҵĹġѩЦš
ЦƯ𰡡ħƮ롣ǣܿ룬ûʲôҵģҵΡ
ѩЦŵǣݸ磬ԴûȥŮˣȥ˼ҿɻġ뿪ȥ
ħЦˣϣѩ粵ĸ򶯹⣬ܾѩˡǰѩ粣˼ܻᱻ20ǰǶθЩɬֻǿɬиζ
һģã߰ɣǵãҵ˧ʱҡ
ǻ˵ѩ粳һЦ˵ǱӣһҲĮѽҾãݸˡ
˱Ļˣ΢΢ЦЦѩǸܴˣܹø飬Ҳֻܰ쵽
ħƵͷҲڴﳤ˵ӰɣһֱڳǱѷµ粶
ʲôħ˵Ļô˵ѽѩüëһɵ࣬ܿ콫ħƶˡһߵѩϾǹˣҲ̲סЦЦˣ粶ڳǱһʱ󣬾ͻὥħ˵һеĺ塣ˣȻ뿪ͬ˰ݱɣ
ħһֱƽ̬λ50ķ˿ᣬȻѩ粵ĸûΪħƵӣǰ黹ЩŵġҪǲʼ΢ЦġȻûܹԼɷ֮Ůǰ΢Цǣˡ
ܣɩɩǺ죬Ƹ羭ǰᵽ㣬ĿУҵĵܵܣԣлѪǱϣܹصǾһۡ
ѩԹ˹һģһġ
һλǣһƥϵȵħ߹һһֽͨߣǧħǣħħ޶ģѩܣûб㣬ֻħǸ͸Ψһ벻Ҫܾ
ѩߵߴħ޸ǰ̧ƥħޣ۾һмƯħޡǰڴʱ϶ֹǰƥħޣԼԵóƽ
лл㣬Ƹ硣
ȥɣ˧Ѿ뿪£ǲЩϹȥܾ͵սϼ
ðɣƸ磬Ҿʹ˸ǡ
ŮһƮɵħ档һħ޵ѩûץȣħˤ£һЦ
ħƵ粶似ͷǱʵڲףӦýһЩ֮۸
ǣƸ硣
ѩħһģħޱСܿ죬ħ޴뿪ħ¥Ǳȥѩѩħ᳤͵ħޣһ·ӴϴȻ˸Ǻܿ뿪Ǳ֡ǰǵĽʲôأ

ϻִλھ𲻶ϡըһһһȰȡһ죬һĽ֣߰㡣
Ϊ˱ģ˧콫ѹɳ£ȫϾ־ʱǿȥ˧һࡣ
˧һʵľȻھʱ̫ǿϮŴģûҼһֳֵʵֻ־ʤߡ
ڣһֶˡкⱻƵô˧ͷϷɹˤһߡ
֮ľ䶨˧ȥϵĻҳվ
ˣɫĺ࣬˧죬һ˿΢Ц㻹ûߣ
˧ߵĸǰûе֮ǰǲ뿪ġǰ㿴˵òᡣ 
108 ̱ˮ

       ⴭŴҪЦӣһԶԸ㡣
ǵģȷǣǰ˵ңȴһᱻ
ŶΪʲô
Ϊ㿴ϾҪȥˣһὫ
һϣᱻСôЦҡ
˧㣬ûǸҺʱľǺݵ֣һὫץʱĳ֡
ˣһжıʱĵͻȻʱĵ󣬸һȺߣлһλӡ˧취ѰʱľǰʱҲ취֤˧¼ڲìܡ
ǡ
ʱɭ˧죬ˣ㣬һжôףȻ㺦ݣ뽫һеƸңǣʵ޷ﵽĿĵģΪ岻ôŽᣬѾϹһ˼ңأһΪ֧壬ֱ̫ˣɣ
סʱľһƷ˧ϮϳȦȦ˧ͷһЩΣ˧컹סˣǷϮʱڽӭȥ꣡
䣬ǿˡڽ˧ŶƼ˳һˮ򣬽ۼˮһƣɲˮһζתۼ䣬ʱķȥ
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һɣЦʱǰǰЦ˧°սһ̣˧쾹Ȼû취˺
ĺ
Ц˧죬ĿռѾܶˣΪʲôϧһδҪ鷳
˧һЦʲôҴûҪΪУһжڸȥȻǶ壬ô֮սˡ
ѹĳлҳֱ
ҲҪ嶯˧磬Ǹӡ
ãĵǾӡ
˧硣Ķ
ӺٺһЦ˧а취
˧˾һ۵֣Ц㲻֪ǵΣڵϦ𣿡

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顱һЦ˰ɣ
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ϻʲôʱ˵ˡ
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ʱļ̺֮˼֮СһҲ£ָָˣ֮£ϣ㲻Ҫ֡
ЦֻҪ˧йص£ǷҪܵġ
ѵһҲ
ô˵ܲ綮ζĻǲΪġ

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仰ʱŵú굽֮С֮ڴҼˣֺɱ˶ĵطѰ󱣻
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ţ
ɫֽӵС⽻ʱõģʱⱻ类öᣬСĽϵĶʱһʱֱӼ棬ƾֽŵģϻΨһˡ޶
޶˿ںηأ֮⣬ʱĶ֪
ֽ֮࣬ʵǰʱѾٿѱ棬鼱֮£ķסһλߵʺ
ɱңͻȻһλߵ
ʱļҺģһжҾİŵģҾϣ˿ֲ̫ƽϣļû̫ƽӹ
ָʱĵʱģǸħǸСˣΪʲô˺Լˣ
ΪʲôֻΪѰҹ֪ңһֱĲ֣ǰҸڵʱûļңΪʲôҸ׺Ľλǣȴ䵽ܵľƽ㣬ļңһдĲңǣ֪𣿡
һ׹֮зɹܿ죬һҽ֮⣬˭Ҳʵ¶ɱʱġ׹ʱһľһ
˲ϡ
˧̾˿ֵܣ̫嶯ˣܵý齻ɱɣ
ǰǰգ۾
ӵΪֵû˾͸
̾˿Ѿˮճ˿콫ƳϷ̧ȥҽưɣ
ϵҡҡͷˣĳˡ
ӿЦһƳĴ̫ˣ׻ʲˡ㣡
ˣͷҰɣ
ͷһ޴ţ̱ڵϵܿ컯Ϊһ̱ˮһĻ޲п
޶ڻ԰Сһ˽ɣ
˧û뵽Ϊһλϣֱ׽衣
˵ˣ׽ѾˣѾƽһ 



109 ;

       󻯳һ̣ʧǰ
ѾԲҲûнڽ˧žȥ˴˧ԵúܳʵѾԲˡ
˧ıֺ⣬˧壬ﻹһ뷨ǾԼŮܹ˧죬һ˴½ΪţŮҸ
ԲӦ˧쿪ģôҲĲϾܿ˧콫֮ȥ
ڴһֱ˧죬þõģġ
ӹֵѾ𾴵ܹŵԣ뿪
ͷٺһЦģӣȻѾͬ⣬ͲΥŵԡȻʱĸģеνһˣʱܹƽ£Ǵⲻ򵥣ϲǡ
ӵòŵġ
˧˧ǰ鷳ԭ¡ҽѪ뿪أڡ
ЦģһҲǷ˵˼
˧ʲô£
Ϊ˧ֵȱһλѣˣϣܹһ𵽴½ߡ
˧䵽ϣ˿̣Ѿһ˧첻һŮߣѩ⣬ѾݲŮԣȥǣ˵棬ֱӾֻܾúܴҵôӳ⣬Ӷǵ˼
Ӳ廰˧֣һŮӶЩٷ棬ҿǡ
ֲӣһ䡣
˧ģ֪ӶѾһˣٶһŮͻ㣬ֻõģս֮;ô򵥣㡣
ûϵԸ⡣ĵ
˧ֵܣȻĶͬˣʹɣȻ壬ֻҪӦһԳΪһԱ
˧ͷҵ룬Ҫ롣
ʧ˧죬һѵ㲻Ը⣿
ҡ
ǲԸ⣿
ôأ˧ΪôҵȻԸ⡣
ȻԸ⣬ߡ
ˬȻԸܿ࣬ʹɣһ·ҲûŮԣһҲû¡
˧ֻÿЦ
صӶţѾǰĵĳ֣ѪӶڵһ󲨣ϾŮӣܿ죬ĻƯˡ
˧ǰͷ˼š
һֱ˧죬һλŮʮڱ棬ֲõָֻúһ࣬˧쿾һ⣬Ҳ˧ܲò԰ɣš
˧ֻõġ
ӹֱӵݸģȳ԰ɣ
ллĳ˧죬ӿһů
˧콫ԼֱӵݸģͷֹšһľӼ֮ɵô
ʲô£
ĿɿڴΪųΪǸ𾴵ˣǶȻ
Դ飬ֻ̾ô£Ķˣ
˧첻˼ָֻţӣ㻹С˵ҵ¡
ΪŮˣĺܿˡӶָݣֺܿʶΪʲôְװΪ˲˧Ϊѣû˵
˧С벻ҪԾӷƢһֱǣԣҲŴͦõġ
òùʲô£ϲȢ
ʵ֪Ƣһߺ˵һ򱣳侲˼ƽϡ
ڶ죬ѪӶ̤µ̡
ûֹǣʬ廹ǻֹǵġ˧ǶԸⲿˡǣҪԸⲿλҲף˧ΪԼĵĻء
˧ģĸһħϡħ޺ܸߴ󣬿ͬʱϼˡǺƽľٶȴһ˵Ĳá
ͷһֱŵĶһ·ûк˧Ҳûáǣ˧ֻÿЦ
еľӶ˧ѹھʣ½ʬ壬һأǾûʲôˡ
˧ͷǵǣҪʬһҲףȻʬûôǣʬһҹжҲܿûɵ¶ҾʱΨһϣǴҲΪǵĹ
ӻͷӦòġѪӶһʵıţǲױġ
˧һҲǣԴħʦڲһֱǺŽᣬдӶҺܲ⡣
ӵˣҲûʲô˲ġ
Ϊʲô
ӵΪһֱŽľӲǿľӣλħʦһֱִǲͳ졣
ʵһų˻һ֧ҪܹŽᡣ
һӵգһֱΪֻʵô̤֧Լ
˧˽ӣɵʵô㣬һֱ֧㡣
ӵҲ
˧ǡ
Ķһ䣺һ·ϣôһߣҲĵ
ӵûо꣬ȻΪһֱ㣬һ;ˡ 



110 ƶ

       ĵһ·˧һƽµġ
ߵ㶮ʲôʬ廹ɶ㲻᲻װɣ
ĻֱӸĸǻֿʮԡվм˧ʵڲ֪˵ֻóĬ˽˼ĸԣԷԽܻܴͣ鷳
һֱͶģΪǸܲĵĳ֣ܿ͸ıĿͻȻˣò
εĳһֱҹ˧ĵ˷䣬ר˿ŷ뿪תͼվ󡣼˧ЩΣ߿ȴ
վһ𣬳ĬһӺ˼ƽ
ϲ𣿡
˧װŲ֪˭
˼ֱزôҲӦ֪ҽ˭
˧ҽҸûʲô
˼ȻûʲôΪʲôҪŮӣֲ壿һλӶųһλŮӣɺͳ
˧ˣץҲһ۹⿴ңʵûа취
˼ͷĸûʲô
˧಻ţֻܸ㣬ûʲô
˼ûʲôΪʲôأ㲻˺ͬʱҲϲġ
Դ˼ѾϲԼǣǰλϽܣΪһѩʧȥһλԳΪӵˡ
һֻļϣòŵģңҲʧϲңҺ
ϲ˧硣
˼㶯˵˲
ôһ㡭
˼ˣûжҶ顭
صڣû˯ļ̌ͷ˧һۡѾһ˵Ѿࡣһ໥һЦ
ӱ˧죬ղŵȥˣ
˧Ĺ
ӵȥҹ㣬ûˣҵתתҲû㲻Ǹ
˵ûʲô˧
ôЦ㵽
˧ƽĺƺûôصġ
ӵ֪ʵ֡˭
˧һû뵽ӾȻ
ӵǲ˼㣿
˧ӳԾʵĪ͵ǵĶԻ
ӷҿɲˣҵƲ⣬ΪƢԽԽˡǸŮɡ
˧ʵڲ˼㣬Ϊң뿪˹ᣬʵ̫ˣҲ˺һ£ŷһԲŹҡ
ʼҼУѲˡ
ɵϣžӣ˧ǿЦЦû취˭ҳ˧أ̫˧ͻ鷳ġ
ǣǣò˧Ҳа
˧쿪Ц㻹ûϲأ
ӳһ۵ԽԽˣҿɸ㶯
˧Ļԡ
ӵĪΪұܶࣿ
˧ѾɡѾҵĶ
ӳһ𣿡ô𣿡
˧㲻Թ𣿡
ӿЦȷ
˧ˣæİɣ
ӵϢʱࡣ
˧Ϣɣ
ӵ

Զ˴˻
Ӽ϶ƶӶǵϡ
Ӷŵ˧ڶǰ档鴩ŨܵĴֱ֣ڲ˧ģǽʬһ塣
˧첻ɵϣʬġֱӸʬ嶯䣬ʤҲˡԣԸʬԸ岻һʬҹжȰǿϰ߰жϾ˯ʬȫ෴
֦䣬ݵرֱ̤ƻ
ںıɹͷΣ۾˧ЦӲħϡڣħ޼ʱûпƺ壬
Ӵ
˧֮§𣬹ĵôĹ
ˮˮ
ˮ
ûȥʵȥˡˮˣŵߣȥˮɫںֻǲ˧졣
ħϺǺЦϾûгԹ࣬ǲʺԶ岿仹Զлȥˡ
ⷭʮջ𣬵˵ֲ÷ֻӲͷƤûк
˧϶ʲôӣ˵ǸǿŮֻǶʱڿܲӦ
ɤôأͲʺϣ㿴ǡ
˧ȻӦҾûȥǾö˵ˣҾһߡ
۾˧죬ҧ촽
ӵĹɫöˣޱɣ
֣һ§ħޱϡ˧ٴħϻ䡣˧ţһ 
111 ش

       ɫѿͷûк
һС̾˿룺˧ɵһŮѾܵģŮ·һ·ҪƽӲס
ѪӶŴŨŨ֣֮󣬵ִʬ򣨼ȽʬأһŨŨʱһɹŨð𣬸ӶǴĺ⡣
ӶǼЩ־壬ܵʬϮ˧첻ɵϣ֪ʬֹӶǴء
еĺڽʱĵֻҲˡħߵҲˣһ£ֻҪħ޾ͻЩ
ӣ
üҲָо
ûʬأƾо֪һЩ
ã֪
ϸʬһ첻Ϯ壬ڰ죬ǵֻ3ɡûв´Ѿ뽩ʬĵȥ鷳
ѪӶѾôطһҲŲ½ʬأ
ĵѪʬ󣬾֪ʬʲô
֦ҶԽԽܣԽԽŨÿһԽءӶǶЩʲôҪǿһͻȻһɬЦЦʮȻ¡
Цס˧˭װŪ
ɬЦһδǡң
ǰһԶſһðſĵط߳һ˿˧찫ö࣬ۿëȻ˧ǵһμֿµĶǣԵļһȴûа־֮С
˼֮ҲЩ⣬Ȼ˧ĵɫʮ⡣˧죬ֵˣ㲻ӦôƬ򣬷֧Žܵǰδѡ
˧첻ΪȻô˵ɣ
˵ûʲôֻǸѣԹʬؾ˲ַĵطǴȻܵܿµϮ
˧ЦҲ£һ㶼ġ
˵˵ҪҪ֪ǵѪΪõʳ
ϻƾⷭǾĻôҲ̫С
ָһһⷦɹ֮˧úڽסⷴպ󷵻˧ߡⱻ˧סӣ˵ʶˡòܴʬʵֻǰ̽Сɫ
ãԣûС㡣
ûӣγΪӶųˣȥǵ˵ѪӶŵˡϣһ
ôĿһССʸǵ
һ۵ų˼ˣ㾡ܻȥǣ
˧죬һֵšģ
˧ڽ˫ü˼ҵ˼
һӵУϢɣ
һʧˡţǰſһӺ£ԭʣµļ˼޲¶ɫΪʬпֲˡֻǸղѾ˵ˣûٻͷĿܡ
ߣӵǸΣǼ𣿡
Ȼ˵ʲôҲҪһҪ뿪˿֣ȥʦǱǴ˧ľŸҾϡ
˧Ҳǣ˵ļǣûʱĥȥ뽩ʬһս˿ѡĽʬǺֻܶ࣬Ҫǲ̫ľӣҪⷭӦòѡ
ӵһָɡ
ǰǰĵʱʱͣǧߴŨܵĴľҪͨͱնǰ谭ѪӶǴľǽʬǱв
죬ǰٶȲò٣Ҳ֧Ϊ˰ȫ˧콫ġ˵İڸķ䣬һҪľǵİȫŮ˶˧൱Ҫ壬˺һѣǻ᳤֮ŮΣԼԲ¡
ҹǹһܼղǳ
ѽϨҹķ紵Щһ¡˧֪ǹ򣬽ʬأҹ÷һᷢûĴǻϵ˱仯γһȦȦһѶϣγһնͷһŰɫͷ¶ͻȻ䣬һֹּĽɲǼ䴫ÿӶĶУûÿֲġ
СߣͷڵϣߣѾ׼ãӭӽʬĳ֡
˧ƺͬʱѹƿ̱ĵķ䡣ۿѴѡ
ģСģʬˡ
ǣ˳ȥ
ɣûϵġ
ģųûУ
˧ֱӵǵģˣܿ£ĺܿ¡
ų׼ζԸأ
˧ֻҪǳȥ㸶صĴۣҲϧ
λ۲˧죬˧ʮֲλеκһλҪı˼㣡
߹Ӧǽʬģǲδǲ֪
˧ûϵģֻҪӶСȻ׼ǣһսҪӲӡ 




112 ʬ

       ͬǲýʬţֻǣʲôõ𣿡
ûаյ˧ҡҡͷʱûС
ļһǾˡ
˧Ϊʲô
ӵʲôǼʬѪӶǿһԴǣ
ʵһ䣺һ·ûиκξӽսӦøһ
˧ͷʬȻҿûɫһϵףϾҪסƬء
ӿͬҾýʬûôöԸ
˧Ϊʲô
ӵ˭˵ĵ򶼻ܵģԷԼǿҲܵ
ʵͬһϿɡ

д߶ʮ̶ִΪ¡Ӷûһɫġ˧Ҳɫɨ˿һۺţ
ͻȻɳһЩųķʬЩӵаɫëһֻһķʬβǺܴ󣬳βͣһֳּ⣬ÿʬŷĳצЩʬ۾Ѿ˺¡Ƿ򵥼ײβ൱ӦȻſǷʬӰӵ趯ܿʹӶץ˵ĲҽС
ʮڷʬҽϴӰ˧絶Ҳѹסŭ˫ƣ߿գһž޴Ļ߿գƼ䣬򽫷ʬŵþһӴܡ
ʬߺ˧סЩʬп飬һսôսҪǻ֪ǽ˶Ըҡ
идҪԸЩ˲ף罫λħʦųɣӦǵʱ
˧ҡҡͷǣϾұŵֱϵָߡһſǣǺܻܿвͳΣʱڲ⣬Ͳվݾ
λӶŽǻħʦܷųġ
ʵҲΪ
˧ãһֹֿʼˡʮֻʬһ䣬ܿ죬ֻϵʲƿŵôӣ˧ȥæҲڲһСʱʱϮεϮӶ˾Ϊһ˧ʮֽš
ڱƻǻ߶һֱûƽҹǹ⣬ϡӶǵӰӡΪųڴ˿̵ġ
˧ЦһҪƽǺףӶŽԱҪҲҪӭ޵С
˧ָ£ӶſʼԱˡ
3000ȫȴʬĹ٣ǣСʱڷʬûнһϮ˶գЩǡѵʬ𣿲ܡ˧롣
ӶΪʬϮͷ׼Ϣ˧֪һϢԷǲݵģȻڶϮܿˣʮֻʬһϯ÷צӶŹ
ౣӶŻӶţӶ˻е˧ӶɳһֻһλӶڵϣеѾӶʧȥһֻ֣ʮġ˧ߵλӶߣƳһֻ֣˿ڷסȻ
ллų
˧Цܿˣȥɣ
һҪʬУҲš
ѪϴλӶֱ۴ʢ˧ʵڲԸܵ˺ĵѣҪҲܼܵĥȥɣҵġ
ǰųİɣ
ðɣҾͽȥ
λתص˧쾲վҹУŵϵѪˮȭͷһ¡ԱߵӶ֮ģųҸ˵ЩʬˣĻҷɱǲɡ
˧ЦЩʬǿʮֻǰϮҾ˲еһԱҿ취Ϊá
ҲˣЩʬٶȺܿ죬Ӱһ룬ҵԡ
ɣֻǾˡ
ʵӶźأ
˧ͷǸû
ӵʲôأ
˧üǣ
ӵһļ֧Ǻֻܶ࣬¡
˧Ѿ˲ôˣֻҪһ֧ҲҪɱһֻʬ
ĵʬΪüȷķ
Ŷ˧һΪʲô
Ľ͵ʬޣǣҲжã˵ʬµĶǻ𡣡
𣬡˧췴ʣô֪
ĺŵҵȻ֪ͽʬµĶ
Ҳ˵ʬ»ҲĹ˵ǶԵġ
˧۾һȻʬ»𣬲ǽľʬʱǾû𹥣һ˻ЩʬͲˡ
ӵĹһθṩһܺõļ⣬Ӧлл
Ȼһ·Ӧһֵ
ӴȤ㲻һֱҪ뿪𣿡
˧ЦЦֻ˵˵棬С˵ġ
仰˼ůůģһЦ㻹˽ңǾų͡
ӺǺһЦ֪һ򿴲ҡ
ʲôҿûС 



113 ߽

       ӵѵû
ʲôʱ򿴲ų
˧˻ֵˣλ˵ˣһ·ϻҪ໥ӦӦ˶Էġ
ӵͷǣ
ܿ죬ӶŸľ񣬸ѵȼţյرˡ໥ŶԷʱӶǽ̸˻˧ΪʬðȻǰϾЩһӳȥһ˺ʬȻܳʱڣʬûǵľҲ½
վˣ˧ĺͶҲ
ʵȴûһֱվţʱҹգΪʬǲʹ˰ݡҹͻȻðڴҵĵȴУ̸Ǻܶࡣ
ʱһȥҹҲҪ档һҹδ˯Եúƣ˧Ϣֻ֪ҪаʱҲץġԱϢ˧ûҷϢϺЩ
紵ˣ˿ֲĺҹڹȥѾƣľûи·Ϣ˧غãһҹ˯ǿվǰ
˯ľû񣬸˧кϢȥˡ˧ҲûмƽϣΪǰӶʵ̫ˣҪǸ·ֱǺǡͬʱλѾǰ˯ȥ˧ǵļһģ΢ЦλԵ˯ˣɲϢĵط
۾ðɡ
Ҳá
ѾϢ״̬˿̾յ硣ʬ⣬ʱ̣ӶϢҲðȻжˡҪ֪һǵϣͻɥʧʧǼʧȥö
˧ûнһСƺϣȻ˯ƻʱ罫֮ѡԭΪ˯Ӧûǣ۾Ӷǻûһ˳񡣶ԽʬʬͺϲϡʬȫڻƻʱǽһµϮˣ˧ҵӳ˾ӡ
𣬴ҷ׷״ţ˧ҽҹ·Ϊʬ岻ͬ壬Ϊ˸뿪ǾΪҹ·ܱ߶Ըʬ뿪
Ҳ˧ħޣǰߡ˧쵱Ȼ֪һ·Ͻʬ岻ݣ˵ʬ»𣬵ҲжԸķ
Сʱ󣬴뽩ָأɭ֮Ũ˱ǶλﲻţΧĿʮֲ⡣
˧ѹܲˣ½ʬˣԶԸ
һ۵ųϲֲա
˧ȤѾֲˡ
㻹
˧ֲʱ򣬾Ͳ
ЦЦ˧ųͻˡ
ӺǺǵˣλôųĻأ
λʵӻﲻһλ𣿡
ˣžӵųʲô˼
ӺٺЦŶ˵ˡ
Ȼų˵ҿ
æǸããá
˧찵Цûк

ħһУǰĲֹסˣţɾҹʬɶҵ϶¶ŵɫ˧׼ҪұţǷʬѾ١ӰӶǰһҽһδ
ã̽Ա߹㱨
ų8˱ʬץߣʮˡ
˧ࣺã֪ˡ·
Ӽһ䣺ҪӲ룿
ϻ߾ǣ
˧Ҳٶ˵ǰȥӶŵȼĻѾһǰȥǰСʱ˧һɽͷɽͷϲһرĹܴܸҲۣûйҲܼرϵ֡
˸ߵĵرϿŰ˸֣ʬʥأش롣
˸֣˧춼ЩԥˣȻĻǰʬпĹΪһ֮˧ϾһĴֶΡѾ˽رԵĻɻἤʬǣһӵͣɣ
Ӽ󲻽˧죬Ѿ㻹ͣ
˧ڽΧʬӦû᲻жҾ̸ϾǸߵҲ˼
˧ųӢһս֮УųĴԽԽǿˡ
ĵûһķѰ쵽һ㡣
˧ǺһЦ˵ңⲻһõİ취
ھǰ棬ʵ˧졣ĿУ˧ȷǸ˲ˡֻǺҪ̸Уܵһȥɣ
ĵȥɣ
˧һ㣿
ĵ壬뽩ʬոպףҽʥأܲʬɧһ顣
˷Ĳɣ˧ȷǸʺϵĶֻļôཀྵʬ᲻εͺѽˣҸȥɣ
æų㲻ȥ
Ŷ˧Ϊʲô
ǽ˧죬дһ䣬Ž͵Ϊһ֮ôܸأһʬϮ㱻ʬץӶŲ߽𣿡 
114 ʬ

       ˵Ҳ޵ɫգ˧̾һ䣺ҲȥĻһŮǰȥЩ㡣
Ը߷µҸһȥ
㡭
ӵºܱܿǸң˵ʲôҲȥ
һߣʲô˼ǿˡ
ӿЦҴû
Ϊʲôܸһȥأ㻳ҵ
˧侲ͷһŵ˵ҲûеҿһȥˡʬǿķϣҲΪûи̸ãʬһΪ
ʵһ죺˧ų˻
ȻҶ޳ǰȥȻΣǰȥʬ̸СǣıϾһŮ̸ϻѷɫͨ˵͡һ˧ĵĵط
ҹʱΪԷһҶûϢǣϢ˲٣ǷӶֻҪ˯˧Ҫû±Ŀ˯
Լһ𡣶ʱʱ˧죬Ҫ϶ʲôƵġ˧֪飬Ҳûк
Ҳ̫ˣڳĬһʱ󣬶˰ѾȥСʱˣǲǷ顣
˧챾Ҳ˵ӵģֲϣ˵ǵĻǱ˵˲
ͻ˼ҡ
ʵĹҾ£ųҲ֮УֵѵͲ𣿡
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ʵ;öˣòôʵһԼʮֲֲϲ˼ҽƽϣֻûк
ӿȥʵͬ𣬿ɲô˵֪𣿡
ҾҪ˵ô
˧ҿҪΪӶԽԽǷģųôġ
ӡܵ𱸵Ķ˧ָ̿ĿӶ˶ĿͶ
˧ûаο㲻㣬ӲҪǳڴҶĿͶǲЩ
Ҳ˧ΪѣϾ˼ƢѪǱ˭˵ʵڵģŷһҲԼİˣҪᲦԼǸС似뵽̲˧죬ˣСʵãֻǹȶѣͱġ
ֵ飬˧쵱Ȼӣŵ࣬һֻ䵽ļϣһĵˣСҴˣ㲻Ҫˡ
ο˼Ŀˡ˧һŮޣ޿κΡһߣҲᣬŵرš
ĿԽԽ٣ɴһ߲˧һֻۣһߣϣȻʱһӹȥĲӰ
˵ڶһ磬ŲųһӰ˼ǰ¶ϲõı飬ȴءȻһ̸вǺ˳ļ˵ȥʬ£ԭһǰȥʬ壬û˵ʬ壬ԷҪǰ˵Ӷʬ廹κһλʬʥص˶ǵ
˧ȭͷյÿ죬ŭ壬ûзڷԸϢ׼ӲʥأǿҪҪӲ˧ĲẦΪΡҪٵһЩӡ
˧ԸȣҲԸ⣬ӶҲͬ⡣˧챾뿪һᣬȥǾ룬ǣڴ֮ǰ׼ȥһλƬϴֻҪ˵һоͺð죬û˵͵ÿս
ڴҶϣʱȴŴҵԼȥʬ̸У¿öӵ˵ˡҪӲĻ˧ĴٿԱסֻһЩӶѣһ˴룬ʬҪڶཀྵʬԸһֱ׾١
Ҳ룬ų
˧ѾѾˣ뿪ʱӾӶŵųĻʥΥ߽;á
ЦʬѪðմ룬ֻװ㣬οأ
˧˿ĵһˣ¾ͻữΪġʬȻѪҲ˼롣ҿ˵ǣҡһأǾܽ뽣ʦǱܸǴ˧ϡ
˧ǻۣ˵̫ˣżĻͻ鷳ģһ˧죬һֱ㣬ǣµľܻĳõʱ򡣡
˧ڽ˿Ц㲻ңӦĺڽ̸вɣһӽʬӳңΣյʱҽڱʯŽͻҡԣûбҪҡ
ǵҲϣ£˧졣ĿڲźͰǽܳġŵȷһֺܹٵ¡
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Ϊлң
˧ΪҴæ
Ӻ˵𣿡
˧һҲûжģļ仰ҵҵɹһ룬ܹ˵˵ǳɹġ
΢Цôңβأ
ǡ
ԸĵôܣȻȥɣ
Ҳͬ⣿˧



115 

       ѵĿУҾôСȥɣʡµ鷳
˧ϲʱ䣬ѣҪҪߣӳһЦ˧죬;СЩһˣ浣顣
˻ֵûϵ侲㲻õġ
ӵ仰Ҿͷˡ
˧ǺһЦӣһҪúÿλħʦʱӳġ
ħʦ𣿡
˧͵ǵģλһֱҹš
ĲʣȻλħʦΪʲôſأħʦǷͺðˡ
˧ҡҡͷ֪λħʦҹϵ̫ãһֱӶţҲŽǹǲһ쵼һŵġҲȲѡ
ԽԽһ˵ˣȥɣų
˧첻ɵϣ˼ܲףһЦĺˣھȥƵġ
һ۵ôҾͲ뿪ȻҪ뿪ҾͲϣ
Ƥ㲻ϣĵɣ
㡭Ӳ÷ֻòõø˵һѵǵĴ𣿺Ц
ӵҿûô˵СƢԽԽˣҿӦȥҽ
Ҫȥҽأ˼һ۵㻹ôᣬҾá
˧˻ֵλòΪҵ¶ˣˣλɣʡߺġ
Ӳٸƽϣֹͣ˵Ҳ˼ٸӶ죬ֻǳžӡ
ԴࡣҲһŮֻǿűЩѾûʸ񣬻عĸԡ
ӶĺкøУһֱ׽˧ЦҲ֪кԼ˧졣
˧ӰԽԽԶˣפļ˲֪Ĭʵû˵һ仰
ÿһΣյĵطų
ɲǣӦþųȥһΣ˧ų̫ˡ
ӳһ۵Сų˵Ҫע㡣ҿܻ񽫹ħʦһ
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вҡ
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ʲôңͽҹֲ㡣
Ӽֱˣٸ˵ͷƫһȥ
ʵʵڼȥһֵܣ̫ӦˣϾųһ֮ô˵Ҳ̫ˣϣҪȥˡ
һûʵɤŵʲô˼һ۸Ҷʵûʸ˵ⷭҾ㣬ŴЩһ㲻
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ӳº͵ĹòΪѣʲô¾ңҸųǺѣҲٴæ
û뵽˧컹ѣŶ˧ųѡ
һλӳųֱϵ£ųѣҵѡ
ЩжǰȻûн֮ҲᵱԼ泳ҡҡͷߵӳǰº͵лл㣬ӳ
ӳųȥɺش񣬾ųûаϢɣʱһұ㡣
ĵĴأ
Ҷӳˡ
ŶԭǶӳʧ

ϣӶ½Ϊ˧ûҪǰЩӶֻҪͲ໥ݡӶΧʵӶʵҳʮ⡣˵˼㣬͡
ıʱ⽫ʵԼĿľ֤ʵŵ˿̵ĶڵرϢ
ڶûзģЩ⣺Ĺأ
ӳ˳Ѿ֮
æãӳһ÷ǳȷĹ˧ųѣҲǵѡһλĹѾ廮ߣϣҽԼ˿Ҫе˽֮档
仰Ķ˹һƬɫָɣе˱еģȴһҾţϲųǰŪᡣ
ӳһ䣺ָ˭˵ҽ
ӳ˶һۣһǲ˵ĺãųң˵ģûƾʵݣһ̫
ӻȻûƾʵݣΪųͲӦ˵仰˵±ػӰҵ顣
ӳֵܣֻССΪĿų˵
һŭɫֿܿסˣضӶǰֻ̫֣õԲֻʲô˵ʲôû뵽һ㣬Ǹ
ӳųȥôãڻûлûиһʱ޶Ҳ֪ʲô 



116 -̷

       ʬ˹һ֧ŷ˧߽ʬȼһƬĹأĹһĹľ˧һмֲĵط֮һ
ǣһҹû֣ߵʱĹȺ߶һʮԣ룺ѵʬ岻Ըң
ɴĹ˯ԴӸʬ򽻵׽Ҫϰ߰˯СոͻȻűҧһڡʹһֻһѾԶȥǺɫģһɫ߶ж˧˿ĶƳûа׷ѣ㽫Ƴ˿̣Ѿˡ
һϲĹ˧˯ʱΧѾ˴ССߡѾϣһ˯أߣȻжһǲҧ˵ġ˯ŵ˧콥Щ۾ʱһŴ۾ҪһŵҶҶĻһᱻҧġ
ŽһȺ˧Щʱҧȥ꣬ںѪֵ¡һαҧʱѩģЩĺ÷ҧԶ߶Ƴߣ亦⣬ûô¡
ߴһ𣬱ϾжҧǱҧһڻǻʹġƿߣȻˡ££ܿ죬ǰһյءƿȺ˧
ձʣͻȻƮţ˴ꡣûֻվĹȺҿԶĵطʵϣܿͷһʯɵʯûܵʯڲ󣬻ˮε˧첻ʯֻ㵽ϣʬ塣ԽԽ󣬱ƵԽƣǺܿ죬ȵһ
Ǹζһº˧쿴ԭһǼܡ˧֮ԵǸ޶
̧ͷ䣬ھȻд֣
˧ʮֳԾĪסŹɣ뵽ȤˡĪûĽʬȫʬٳôʱһҪѡһطɾõĶ֮ء
Ҳûж룬ĽŲڿ粽ȥںܺڣѼָΪ˿ЩֻʱһЩͼ󡣶ԽԽʪԽԽ٣Եúܸƾֱ˧ΪӦڽʬĳ
˺ܾöûжʱĳֶĺţͻȻֳһܴܳ״ʱˣĪǸ߶׼ߣ߷һϮţ˧ߵĸڡ
߸ڵ˧о߸ܴ󣬿ճҲԽˮܶ࣬߸ˮһܡ㽫ڽȻһͱȥꡪ
Ž죬ߵĸˣʹڵϹȥڸڵ˧ҲЩȡڻζ̳˵һһ̹ȥߵĸһԵ˿ڡѪӴߵĶӿҲĥſ̽ȥ˧˧ӵһ߸ڷɳˤڶϡҺħˣû¡
һʺվ뿴ߣɴѾ֪ȥ򣬵һ̯Ѫڽ˧һȥѾߣ˿Ū浽ʲô֮⣬յ谵ĵƻ
ƻ˧Ȥˣⲻ˵ĲֻתһľͲֻǵƻˣఫСӵáһúڵ˧ĵֺ޲
ҲиаߵҲû˧ߡõ˧߹Щõ۾ɫ۾򣬹һġ˧ѾסĺڽҲˡ
˧֪Щõʬ岻壬ƾһ֮Ȼ޷ԸñԽԽˣ˧ĺڽѾָߡ
ͻȻ˧춯֣Ѱɫþһѹһ˧ӹٶȲǺܿ죬˵ȴ˧͡ľһĺڽһõȴһҲá뽣֯ʱӡ˶Ѩ
һĹߴõĵԳγһ8Ȧ˧졣˧Щѹĸо轣϶һõֹʱûм·˳ȥȻ޷ܶԷĹȦһͷ˧ҿ˧ϵһ㣬򷴷ʱѾһط
˿˧ϢƮʽķ˧죬ЮܡڽסһλõĽһֻ²ûгӮˡ
˵һߣ˧쿴˿˵ȣ׼áѵѾеĲˡ˧֪Ѿ޷Щ˹ҲԼһƷղλʱҲֹ־ܡ
ड
ѨĽŲԵø죬Ʒ˧ڶѨĲ࣬ܶҲǸȥſ߳һߵ˳˧ôߣԲͬЩˡһ˵Ӧ졣
ûʲôһɫĹǼܣ˺Ѵзֳǵ֡ʱܿЦЦȼ̶ִ
ѽ
ѽ
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ѽ
˿ûн˧Ļ£Ҳ㷢õķʽ˧֪޷ֹǣֻõͷûк
Ϊ׵ߵ˧ǰ˧ųɣ
ǣ˧촭ʡ
һڸתѾһģΡ˾ȻϴڻϷмѵĳ̷磨£˧Ŀԭǳ̷硣
ܽеóҵ֣ġ-̷Ц



117 Ұ

       ˧һ۵˿ҽӴ˲Ǻܶ࣬ҪڵȸĻϣǼġ
̷ĿУǽʬƺûţô죬Ȼʹʬ߳ȥ뷨̫ˡ
˧ҡҡͷֵ룬Ҿû취ˡʬһ½ȱٵ塣ҪǸҪ뿪ҲðȻ롣ͨʦǱ·ֹһ·ܰȫҲᾭκΣյشǷûߡӶʱս
̷£ҿɹܲˡ
˧ô˵ٽʬҲ
ʲô˼
˧ѵ֧ĲñݱģĳʬĲ
̷ɫˡ
˵ֻĿľʬ𣿡
˧ЦЦҵȷ뷨ʬӦúΪһңΪѡ

Цʲô
̷ǽʬʳѪΪΪѵĻǵʳӺζУʧʬ壬ʬĿеܵͣһ֪
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˧͵ΪһǾ;Ϊ3000ӶǸСĿ˼ӶǺܻܿ뽩ʬսҲ
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Ŵ˧ŵܲиҪ󣿡
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˧Ϊʲô
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˧۾һǻҵѪ
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˧첻ٸ˼ƽϣʱ뿪뷨ȻãԸ뿪
žžž
ų̷𣬼ʬһɳǵжһֽʡֽ̯ϣֽϡ̷˧ߵӱߡ
ֽϣдһЭ飬˼Ҫ뿪ͱ뷵أǩϻǿհףȴ˧֡˧첻ɵϣһΥЭı֮ͽɵϣ˿Ц
̷֮漴㲢Ը⣿
˧εΪһ֮ͬǲǹ£㣬ǩҵö롣
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𣿡˧һ䡣
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˧۲˹ĻǺܺãҲˡһ˼û뵽еİ취֮ǰΪõİ취ĪҸطһνڵ⡣
ܿ죬̷һΡûд£ñضƣ˧ܵǣʬԵĶ˲ͬ˱ؽʳԴͳ⡣ЩʬÿֻЩӸԡ
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뷨ʬҲûʲôԵ㡣ʳѪΪĽʬӸ涼кܴûйͬ㡣ˣ˧һҹ˼Ҳæضûϣʬȴ
ŲʱһϤ𣺡ôͨ˰ɣ
˧̾òżʱ仹ûе̷磬ȥæİɣ
̷ǺһЦɱˣҪ֪һ죬ӶžͶһЩ
ʲô˼
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쵰㲻ôǹľӡ
̷ҿɲʲô֮¡ʬ岻ϣ½йңû塣
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̷ѪеġʳѪΪѪζá
˧۾һô˵ǰǲʳѪ
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Ұ˱Ǹϡе壬˧ûмǵҰұûмԵĻĺϣҰˡ
̷һҰ˵ģֻǡ 



118 Ǽ԰

       ˧춢ų̷Ҿ㣬ԶӶҾԲŹ㡣
̷粻мڶǵʳʲô㣬㲻ǩԼԿĽ㣬еӶ
˧ͫΪƾǵԶԸǿӶĪ㲻֪һۺǿ𣿡
̷ۼǿ󣬵ڲ仯أ
˧ҡҡͷʲôڲ仯оڣᷢʲô£
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ʲô˼
̷ںܾ֮ǰ͹ᵥǣһ㽫ƷˡȻ֡
˧ͻȻĻɫĿһǷλħʦ
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˧ŭɣʲô¸ңĪ롭
̷һЦʵ㣬һᰲȫ뿪ħʦپӣǻᴳֻλħʦı֧ӶźܻܿΪǵƷ
˧ȭͷϳֱ顣
ңҳȥҳȥ
ȥôأܶɵϣ
˵仰̷ˡڵεĴűߣһߴվĸǰ˲Ǳˣڽʬĵ
̷繰ֵμ
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Ӣ

ϬɫԽԽˣӶѾֳɣӵ˧ǰӦòħʦ쵼¡һȥ󣬽ǵìֻڲս𣬲оֲ޷վݡ
ǣ
˵꣬ӰԽԽʧڳ̷ĸǰӰʧ󣬳̷ȥҷʬȥˡ
ϣΪ̷ʱ뿪Щɢ˧һȥֻòʯʯͳܾãεŶһ£һӿ϶Ʈţ󣬱һˡ
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˲Ǳˣ˧ʦһδ˧ˡȻôû˧ĿУȴԥˡ
ûƿˣһӣŵ˧죬Ҳһûˡ˵ΪųɼŶҸոմ񹫹ѾǱȥˣҽӼ㡣ˣʲôأ
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΢΢һЦֻһС£һġˣġΣ
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һ̯һ׹Ѿɹ˧֣׹䵽ĺһµĲӡ˧켤ĪǡڶĲӡ
ʦͷѧⱾӣܸħʦˡֻܸħʦУԿĻ㡣
˧첻һҪкǿĳƾһʵû취˱ȡ
ʦԶô飬˧һӺڶУǱʵġ㽫μħ۷ᡣ
ʲôħ۷᣿
ǰܸ壬ħ۷дħһֱ׷롣Ҳʮڵ塣
ħ۷ᣬĻһ𣿡
ɵˣû壬Ҳ벻ˡħɾ½ߣһҸ˵
˧ˣ仰ҾͷˡһֱΪһ½ϣ壬ʧȥĵġ
ӣԱȵҪҪĶ࣬ѾԼļ԰ûбҪνĵ򡣡
˧췴ʵһƬԼĵ򣿡
ûԼ򣬻ʵôǰأ
˧ˣȥʦҳȥɣ
ƣһӣһ˧ǹ˧ͻȻһ˧쳤ƺȫһ˾Ȼʦƭʬļ˧졣֮˧һʦΪһ 
119 ֲ

       ħʦѾƾӣ㲻ӶǰΪʦҲȲ㣬㻹ɣסΪϧһ۴ؾӣɱҲҪ
˧ͷһģʦġ
ã仰ҿԷ
ʦ˧죬Ȼţ˵һ˧һʦ֣һ̣һɺǿӿͷֻȫӿŶڵڻţһѹĸоˣٽǰһǿһ£ƮȻ󻯳һҳƵĶƮĳһ䡣
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ħʦ̬Ҳ仯ͬ˧Ӷ˵һħʦӶǲֵǮġ
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ѩ粡ѩӵħ᳤͵ħޣǰٶȺܿ졣е·˧첢ͬĳ֪Сѩ粼һλáλֻ30⾰һڹžҡˮ
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122 ȷʦ

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һϯ˧ġ˧ˣΧ˶Щ𺶡
ĵ֪Ϊʲô˿ԳΪ֮һδõ 



125 ҫ

       ˧ΰǾҲϵ۴˵ĸ
ʱ䲻磬Ϣɣ
ǳƣҹ
ѪӶŻûеִ｣ʦǱʱʦǱѾ֪ѪӶŽԭشǴ˧һ֧ѪӶʵ㲻ʲô
ʦǱħ񹫹ı߾˿ڽӽ100ƽѾξֻˡŮƽ˵ʦǱڱ߾Ӧ빫Զ壬ʵϽʦǱǸܸĳǱƽÿ궼쵽ĽΪṩһλͨŮ3ϵĺӣÿӶԵõĽˣʦǱǵ뷨ô
ûʱҶΪ߾ǱӦú壬ܷʵϣ߸ߵĳѪӶŽǱѪӶŵÿһ˶⡣ﲻˮĽֵѪǱ
ոս룬һ֧ӴѪӶŵСʹ˧ľǰֱȥǴ˧Ǵ˧ѪӶŵÿİġ
Ǵ˧ĸ˧ۼű߾شľѪӶŵĵûôܻӭ2000Ӷر80ĽʦǱǸ۵֡˧֪ŷһԼһЦԭĿֻ֧Լ
˧¥ĲӶѷɫĽһģÿһ㶼վڶӶķֶӵ˧ԵʱͻȻͣ
һλ˧˹ߵ˧ĸǰò˧ų˧롣
˧ͷã
λ˧ʹ˧졢˽˧̤ڻƽذϣװλĻ԰ˮ鿣˧졢
Сߵͣλų
ã
Ĵųţ˧Ա࣬˧쳣˽ݣǼڱϵǴ˧һߴͣһѪ֮ˡֱ۴һ˧꣬ɫ䵭
˧˺ܶ࣬ֱǽһӢ֮ء˧ڵˣħ䣬ÿ˶ͬ졣
ϵǴ˧һֱ˧죬ֱԽԽʱ˧칰ֵǴ˧˧ѪӶű
ţǴ˧˵ͷܺãܹ߳˿Ҳ˲𡣶ˣһλʦأ
˧Ϊ˧Ѿ
ˣȻˣҲ׷ˣˣ˧ųոս뽣ʦǱﻹϤҲûսľ飬ҪųѧϰѪӶʱ˿ųܣʹϢһʱɣ
ʲô⡭
Ǵ˧ֵòż˧ųɾѪӶŵųֻʱȨģϵͳѧϰսУҽʽѪӶŵľȨһθ㡣ңһȥ񹫹ľӽֱԽ棬ˡ
˧ŵðɣһǴ˧İšˣҪѧϰսѧأ
Ǵ˧ʦУһųòμӡ
ҿ𣿡
Ǵ˧Ц㵱Ȼʸ񡣶ˣоӰɣ
ӵû뵽Ǵ˧һһǵ֡
Ǵ˧ǰѾյѪǱķ飬ǵıʮ͡˧ųһѵõ˲ţһͣԣҸҪϸ˲š
˧ллǴ˧һŬġ
ãȥɣѾ䣬˾Ϣɣ
˧졢ӷֿкķ˧һλƯĹͳˣλﴩźɫȹӣ൱ᡣ
˧ųȥԡҡ
ܾûкúԡ˧Цã·
Ů˧һԡҡӿ˧۾һתȥɣ
Ů΢΢һЦ˧ųҲܳȥӽҽ
ԡҲһ𣿡
Ů΢΢ͷĪ˧ų߲ɣ
˧ųЦãʲôʲôʱ¹ߡ˵꣬źŮѵ·ԡҡԡҺ󣬸оʮһֻһˮ죬¹Ҳԡҡ˧֮ŵ㡭ǡ
ŮЦҲ˵𣿽Ҹ𣬶ԡʱӡ
˧ԼС
һֻѾϣ˧һƣŮƵԶ˺һʱʧ˧߹ȥ
Բ𣬹
˸еҽС˧ų벻ܾҵΣԸɱ
ΪʲôС
Сͷ˧ųǲףŮҫǷԼˡǴ˧Ҫˡ
ˡ˧һ䡣
16ꡣ
Ŷ16ꡣ
СųϣһŮ𣿿ųԽľԽáǹˡ
䣬˧ʵزҪˮס˰ߣ˧һִסԼġ
ԡ𣿡Сգ۾
ðɣУ˧쾹Ȼ˵˻
仰˵С˹Ҳղ˧ʱηӣԵú侲ƹʱʱҲԵЩء 
126 ʱ

       һ֧ϸ۵С֣˧ϣܿáǰʱѩҲʱûнǿңġ˼С㲻ʲôŮ˧ȴãһֺʡ
С˧ЩûռŮ˵Ҳһֳ嶯΢΢һЦССллҲӡ
ֻҪ˧ų⣬ѾСҸˡ
صĻһο۶˧ң˧Сļ򣬺ͻȻˣһԭʼĳ嶯ӿ𣬴˿ĺռǻǿסˡ
ߣŽһж׵ġ
ǰŮأ
˧һ£ȷ˵ŮȻңһֱչ
Ŷֻ˧ų̫ˣųչŮ֡
˧㲻֪ǻ᳤֮ŮҲչȥôأ
Ŷӡ᳤ΪʲôҪŮأǺΣ𣿡
˧͵͵ģһЩìܡ
С̾Ǹˡ
˧ЦЦ̸㻹󡣡
Сգ۾Ŷ𣿡
˵죬СѾ˧ȫϴ˸˧վС˳أһ·˧׼˸ɾ·
˧촩űͦ·Եر˧Сˡ
òҰɣС
СݸһЦ˧ų̫˧ˣĺ˧ġ
˧ЦŮǶ˵
Сһȥɣ
˧ȥҾȥŰɣ
Сķ㡣
㡣
˧һҲһλŮ˧ҵʱ졣ĵŨ˧߹ȥ΢Ц㵹ͦģŮ졣
ӺٺһЦûôˣһֱŮ㡣ˣȥɣ
Ҳܴ󣬳С࣬˧쿴С
˧һȻãȥˡ
ȥ˧ԾӵҲûŮһɣ
ӵСˣҲ̫˰ɣҺôҲһλųɣôܸһأôЦң
˧룬ôҾͰﲻˡ
ӵʲô˼
˧һһֻҪ־ˣαں˵ʲôأֻҪһǿֵģͲӦںˡ
ӿЦұϾ㣬һȱŮѣֻҪŮҶ⡣Ҳ֮Ĳ𡣡
˧ɣ
ӵʦǱûжսǿ̫ˣûôңҲûս
˧ǵģ̫ƽ
ӵԭΪܲμսǲûǿܻһ൱̫ƽӡ
˧ӻֵҲã̫ƽܻЩ
ӵ֪ϲ̫ƽġ
Ϊʲô
һЦҵһμʱҵĸоΪǸ֪ˣģҷ㲢ǿôƽһɿѪ˼ά
˧εڵȷһɿѪ
ӵ㲻𣿡
˧Ҫȥ
ѪӶűڿͱһǴ˧Ϊǰζļȣʳԡ䲻ֱӴӶţ˧ѪӶŵѾõ϶ÿһ˶ŷУǶ˧ȫΪ֧ӻŸо֧ӽԼɿľӡڶʱڣ֧ӽ쵼յ쵼߻
ĳֹȻӶŴλӶ黶ӭӭڶ˧Ļʵ˼㡢ġϾ⼸;иӴˡ˼ǰǲй¶ӦøǴ˧Ǵ˧ŷһЩ飬һ֪Ǵ˧Ҳŷһĵӡģ˧뽫ΪԼŮСһԼûҵĵĶλֻ֪ûа֮ǰķǰ¡
˧ĵ˼㡢ϲ¡İþǸˣ
˧磬ˣװ㿴˧
˵á
˼ʲôʱĳ
˧΢΢һЦһֱá
һЦǰܹΪ˧ãҲһҸ顣Ѿˡ
˼˵ҿɲ㡣
Ŀ˼һ۵⻰ʲô˼
˼ѵ㲻Ϊӡ
ĵˣŵĻ˧춢˼㣬ʲô˵仰ǣ˧ףŮͬʱϲһкʱٻԶԷġץʱ߶ԷҲе
˧ǺһЦЩǻǱ˵
Ϊʲô
ΪҲѹġ˧ 



127 Ӷ

       ˼ɨһȥõֻ֪Ǹѩ粡
˧ûлش𣬲֪˵ʲôá
ĵʵ˧ѡԼϲ֮˵ȨܳΪѣѾˡ
˧ͷã֪ĵط
ŶΪʲô
ĵ߲٣ȴࡣѩûߣ黹ϣ֤Ǹרһ֮ˡŮкֵи
˼ô˵Ҳһɵ顣
ŶΪΣ
˼ΪרһʧȥõĶҾá
˧˼һۣ˼
˼㲻õ㲻ס
˧͵˼㣬Ҳٽ㶫ҲԻŮһὫŷһ֮Ů¸Ǵ˧ʱһܺõİŵġ
˼Ϊʲôô
˧ΪҲʲôɢʧ
Ϊǻ᳤֮ŮŻҡһͨˣͲԲԡ
˧ûлشֻš
ĵҿ˧粻ᣬǸˣˡ
˼˾һñ飬Բԡ
˧˵òãѾô˼㣬֮ǲôʣһʱмΡΪ˵ңǲǻѡһݸġ
ߵ˧ߣΪ˧ӦñиɫЩ
˧ҲΪ
һҲ֮£һ𣬴߿ˡı˵ԣ͵͵Щ֮⣬ʵҲЩ
ʵ˼˹˽⣺ڲ֪Ϊʲôһ·ô
ӵǰǺģǽһжʱͲôˡ
ʵ
ӵÿһλ㶼Ƣģ˼Ƣܲ
ʵӦǣҲûмġ
һЦ𣿡
ʵ㲻𣿡
һЦ˵Ļܲ𣿡
֪УǵѾվһˡ˼ĳμ֡
ϲڱ𣿡
ӿЦ˼Ҳ⡣
ʵͷ˼
˼ˣֲںˣֺαأ
ʵǵǣ
˼󣬾ӶıӰ̾Ϣ𣿡
ʵֱӵκһܹʶ᳤֮ŮѾǼҸ顣˧ųѡҲǵģϾ˱˵Ů
ӿЦǵǡϲŮֺܶ࣬ûŮ𣿡
ʵˣųһ׼ߡ
ӵȴʱҵȥսѧУѧսԭսûڵָӶߡֻҪһصѪӶţ³Ϊҵ֪𣿡
ʵһųİš
ʵôӺижļлл㣬һֱ֧ҵˡ
ʵ΢Цô˵𣿲Ļǲ塣Ǹ֮ˡ
ӵˣҵûȥˣҪ˼㡢ģ𣿡
ʵҵܹģ˼ҿ¡
ӵǰܲĹģûϵܿͻӻȥ
ʱ˧ǰ죬ҲһЩǸһġ
߰ɣӡ
ã˧졣
˧ʵһЦʱˣʱҪѧϰ
ʵһЦǲԸҲὫĵѵġʵϣҲҪѰһֱһںߵˡǣҲûжѽ
һЦˣҵˣףǿ֡
Ҳһ
ʦǱ˧
Ǵ˧ϯ̨ϣǰᡣȻؾ¼ͨƷħûйϵԱߵǼλ൱ϵĳϡʵϣκһλɫĴ˧߶ǵ֧֡
˧졢Ӹųһѡһλվšǵĵλ˧ͼ˶վ˺棬λ̫ԶܿǴ˧ӡ
Ȼ˧ڵ˺ܶ࣬Եر࣬һǴ˧һ켰δһʱܽе
ϯ̨ϵǴ˧˾ᣬʼÿĽݡ
λѪӶŵĵһδӶһ䡣мʮŵĽʦǱҲ㲻ʲôǣûй֧֣սʤǿĶ֧ڹԣҪչּ¡
˵Ǵ˧ֵͣΪ˹һŬȷġΪ˹ӦһŬΪΰΪ˾Ҿڵ塣

Ǵ˧˻ֵ죬һ֧µľӽɽ񹫹ľӽսһսϣܹˮƽĽսʷϣħʤս࣬оڵǺһӣڽսУҾһΪ񹫹ʱ䲻Զˡ 
128 ѧԺ

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˧ųˡ
׺󣬷ĺڽ˧ǵģոջɣҲϲ˹ڵϡ
Сվ΢Цȥ׼һЩųһ˰ɣ
˧첻ϲ˽ԼųԺų˰ɣ˧ˡ
СɫˣæųأСҡ
˧Ǿͽɣ˵ˣ㲻УҾͻˡ
˧ô棬СҲƴǡƾֱС˧һӣλ˲˺øС
ӷϺС˵һߡ˧󣬱ȥϢˡСȴǸšС˧⿪ѡ˧ʮֲϰߣûа취ƴǡǰŮ̫ˣܾ
˧û뵽ģϢСҲֻûˡҲûм죬˧ȴЩ£Ҳ˼̫ˣһʱ˯ţҹﶢȼյơߵС֮
磬ʲôأ
˧һû֣֮ΪСӦÿԳΪԼѣһŮ
ŶӦһλĹɣ
˧ֱӵ᳤ǧӦֵһ˵ɣ
С̾ȷ
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Сʲôأ
˧콫ԭί˵һⷭС˵ͷ
ǲǶԲ˼
С˼㣬Ҳ㣬ǣҾûжԲһˣӦҪԷǲԼһζ׷󲻰Լˣһֲεİ顣
˧û뵽ôᣬͶ˰С
С΢΢ЦˣЦҲ֪νİġֻ˵˵
˧Ҿ˵̫еˡ
ɣ
Ŵҹɫ˧ˣҹˣϢɣ
С̵ã˯ɣ
˽㡣ڶ죬˧ʱԼǱС˯ãϽֱƿ
С۾ûϵģҵˡ
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С˾ҵȫĻ̫ˡ
˧𴲺ȥҾȥˡ죬ѧԺѧϰйؾ·Ķ뼯ӪһѧԺҲһܸӵĵطһ˲šʮ⡣ǰΪԼ㣬֪Ǳʿųδؾһս㡣
Ϊ˴̣ѧԺȫбҪġ
ӣ˧΢΢һЦô׼𣿡
һЦǵģ׼ˡ
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֪˧ĳΪʲô̴ӽ׼õ֤ͨûкתߡ
˧첻𣿡
̴ӽ͵òŵģǻ׼ġ
ӵôĻ߰ɣ
̴ߺ˧졢ӽ͵ӭǼѧԺ
ѺõܽѧԺҲǵĸòô˵ˣѧµ˶𣿡
ֱӵǵģ٣ҵ˲࣬ѧУУ޳۶˲ʮָȤĵȴࡣ
УĶ
ǲ𣿡
һλŰһ»ӽͶ롣˵У˧쿴˶̬ȡһΪУӦϣԼѧΪ˲λУȴ侲ѧҪڴȿܲǺܸߡ˧ĵô᲻עأ
Ĵ£˧졢˸ǰ˳˰֮⣬Щƫݡ˧졢ӣԵúƽ
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˧У̬ЩãһУ󲻹ǵĵһΪУϣǳΪΪĵ𣿡
˧仰Уע⡣УĽͣ۾˧죬˺ܾã΢΢ͷ꽣ҵ̸̸
ǽȥˡ
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ѧԺһ飬ÿѧ10ѧУ30Ҫ̣ͱõѧԺı֤飬Ͳ̡
һǰʱ˼ˣ˧졢ˣȻһ顣һʦ԰ᣬ40꣬ӺܸߣԵúܳȡ
ˣ˧΢΢һЦ񣺡ãʦ
԰˧죬ֿȻܸʶ㣬ˡ԰ʦС
һЦҲܸʶأ԰ʦˣæʲôأ
԰΢΢һЦûæʲôֻҪѧѧϰ£ҾͿˡһһѧϰɼ͵ģϣǵĵܸǴˣȻȥɣ
ʲôոߣ 
129 

       ԰ͷһЦûʲôģѧ²һ£еһӶѧʲôأոòżġ
˧Цʦĺѧɣȥμս
Ӹ͵ǰҲġ
԰Цûʲôģѧϰòŵĵġ
ոתһ˴˿ٱ˹˧죬̵λܲܵһ¡
Ȳʲô£
˴ļһЦЦģУλ̸һ̸
ӡ˧һۣ֪ΪΡУ̬ʮֲУҪԽӼԼˡ·˵Ȼ̫ˣȥɣǻעġ
һЦãȥˣˣ𣿡
΢΢һЦУ˴в֮ȥɣ
˵Ĵ£˺ܿУҡУһܹķӣվ߰˸ˡ߰˸İУУ⣬˧һʶոУӡ˧ȶûһ˵УǣҲûп
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˧΢΢һЦǵģУˡ
УŲĺܿļλո˼ЩˣûпߵĻλǲ˲šǰһ飬벻Ҫ⡣
ôأ˧׵ǸûѡأˣУҪѧʲôأ
Уսһ˵Ϸòãܹʤࡣڴ½ʷϣʤʵ̫ˣֻսܳΪսеٮٮߡóλǸ֮ġ
Уָ˧졣˧ЩԾƺ߶ܹһۿԼĲŻУ˧첻ɵУǷǸ֮أ
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˧ˣ˶˵һ֮ġһҲо
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һЦոҲ㣬ҵø㣬ûһ³ǳΪӶӶųˣΪӶϣܹ׼
ӿЦĻһ粻ѧأ
˽͵ѧߣֱӳӶ
ƿԡ

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˧죬˵𣿡
˧첻֪λشһƬĬ󣬲ŵαôأŬɣǰ伯Ӫ㲻ûһ𣿵һûĵʱ򣬾ûʱǸһúܼǿһսʤҡ
ǵģӵҲһֱΪҲŻȥƴȥѧϰ˧죬лл㣬һֱû֧֣Ҳ
˧ЦȻѣαлֻҪѧϰһжɹġ
ڸڵĻ԰˧졢Ӹͼ˴Ůװ˼㡣Ůװ˼Ե쳣Ư˧⼸˼˵һΡ
𣿡˼
վ׼Ҫߡ˧°ɣӣҶѡ
˼İҳΪ˽ʦǱǴ˧رעˡ˧죬㣬Ҳڡ
Ǽᶨ˧Щж˧컹侲˵Ҷѡ
˼㲻ϲߵĻҿ뿪ڡ
˧˽˼㣬Ҫ뿪ԼһӣһЩ顣Ժһͷһµһ·ôˣôأֻҪΪֵ£Ҳ໰ġУҪѧ£ҲӲԡ
˼΢ЦһµûϵֻҪĵĻ㼸ûм㣬һ᲻ѹġǣµľߡ
˧ҡҡͷҲᡣôңôأãҲ뿪ҡһҪѡһõ·



130 Ͷ

       ˼ϣıֲҪôʧġ
˧Ҳġ
˼ﻹ𣿡
˧һ㣬УǿԱƾоѧУһ˿Գɹѧġ˵ھѧУûкõĳɼǶܵûѧʲôӶһɳս
ӲһĻҵӶһȥԿ
˧仰ʲô˼Һʧġ
ӵ˵ġ
˧Ϊʲô
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       135 ָ⡡˧ϵòһȻ˹޵ŭ𡣹޷˧졢˹ͬǷӣӹ޵Ŀȥû˧졢ӣطɴ޴
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ӵҲɣӦòô۵ļһҲʲôı

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˧죬кʲô˧ôãҲôľ飬֪Ӧûѹ
˼֮ʣֻټĹ޹ȻվǰߴľվڹǰҲԴﵽ޵Ȳ̧ͷŹޣˡ
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ʼʱֻ뿴һ񹫹ѧԺƶǲǱħѧԺƶȺãһʱо񹫹ѧԺƶȵȷħҪѧû̽ܣϣһµѧУƶȣһˣǣѵ˲սһδα֤ܡǶӣʧ
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139 

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˧ǰһֱΪֱģȴ
С˴Ļ⻰ʲô˼
˧Ҽˣֱ֮𡣡
ŶӺ˵𣿡
˧㴦µ̬ȡ
С˵ô
˧Сһκ嶼һֺº͵̬ȣ㲻һͨ࣬ʱ򻹻һֳ
֪˧ڼСˣҲ͵˵еİֱºͣ㣬Ҳˡ
С˵ˣ˵ǿң
ҿû˵˧̵
ӵҲʲôҲû˵仰Լ˵Ŷ
С˿ЦҲڱ˿ȷǸ壬ǣȴݲһС
Ŷ˧˵仰
С˿ЦСԸܣǣȴԸ彻ѣҲ˳Ϊͽ
ƺ㻹һθ˵Ĺ²ɣ仰Ǿ˵ġ
Ӷ˹İ˹֮һİ峤ϣǶľᣬǽЩǻ۵Ľᾧ긴һļ̳ȥһ˴һֵ壬˵ĶŮҲȱİ飬ɫɫտճϵĵĸɫɫһһΪҸİ֮һ
ɫɫһһǸܵİˣҲһλȽİˣ̿࣬10Ϳʼѧϰԭ1250λеģǰĳǶԣǺӶδϣϾ50λһλҲˣ12֮󣬹⻷ΧʹԺС14ʱڳΪܳ꣬õఫŮİ
һλĺĺŮŮƯģʳͶ㶼ر˫۾ЮһֹĻŮһһɫĳһλǶ˵۾ǣ۾ǿɰıӺϸϸ죬ҲһԴкġ
ʱںӶ˹ȣŮеĽ㡣ɫɫһһ̸Ů飬ĳһʱ̣ԶŮֻҪŮ뿪ǣԽ˵ĸоԽɫɫһһԽŮ
һ죬ɫɫһһһ֪ľľ֮֮ڴĺĺ⣬ϣһϢˡľľ֮֮Ҳ˼ǰ֤ĺĺİĻ֮ģĺĺûֱӾܾɫɫһһǵĹϵԽԽܣпܳΪһԡ
ɫɫһһԽԽĺĺҪԣľľ֮֮һŮսҲǻۺӰһȡľľ֮֮Ϊĺĺˡ
һ죬ľľ֮֮ĺĺһСӱˮʱɫɫһһˡվǰһ仰Ҳûк˼Ѻôкɫɫһһȴ˵һ仰
ľľ֮֮һ仰˵ĺĺʺ㡣
仰ԭõմˣ˶ɫɫһһ˵һ仰ܿ죬ľľ֮֮˾ӷȣõӵɫɫһһΪǺӶľ־ΪǣֻһɵϣŮͶ֮飬ȴĮˣ˸߰ǸˡȻЩ˿ر𣬺ʣȴֻһʮɵϡ
ɫɫһһľľ֮֮Ц벻Ҫң
ľľ֮֮ҪҲ㣬뿪
ɫɫһһЦ˵ĺĺʺ㣬ӦҵŮˡ
仰ĺĺˣʱֺγɫɫһһأԣɫɫһɫҿû뵽ľľ֮֮ʱȴ仰
벻Ҫ˵Ļɫɫһһľľ֮֮ҡĺĺ
ɫɫһһûǵȻ񣬵棬ĺĺ˽İԲ˽⡣Ϊľľ֮֮˵ϲ㣬ͽһĴͻҸڿԸ㣬һҲһ֣ΪһλʮλվǰġԾܾңҸ˵ھܾҸԼƽʹԸŮӦÿ֣ӦҸ㻹Ǻúÿǰɣ˵ľľ֮֮ʺ㣡 
147 ʹ

       ɫɫһһףĺĺˣó۾û˵ľľ֮֮ȴ쳣գҪɫɫһһ򶷣Ȼڰǲ򶷵ģΪΥָ
˵λС˴ͣ
˧춢ǰɫɫһһ㱻ϳ𣿡
С˵ܴ֪Ҿɫɫһһһδǲ뿪Ӷģһδ򶷣ĺĺ˺ܸߵڰ壬ΪŮ˴һֺܸߵҫҵõĺĺҲ뿪ľľ֮֮һ
ҵõ˰飬ʮ㣬Ƕʱ䣬崺磬Ѿ᷽Ķһߣľľ֮֮ȴΪʧȥİŮе˼ҵˡ
һκܳʱڣĺĺڰ֮Уɽ̤ˮϦһǶôðϣ뿪塣ΪҳڣŮĽĺĺŮ̫ˣ˵ǵֻ̫࣬Ҫ뿪壬һоͲҪˡ
ɫɫһһǸµ֣˧졢ţͻȻͣʣ˵Ϊʲôͣأ
һ֪û뿪ԲԣŹͬǿʼԶ밫ļƻʵϣ뿪һֱѣǶ԰岻ҡֻ뿪ʱûô࣬ǣƻһγɣɵĻɻܡ
һϣһˣ;ƺûб˷Ͼ֪ǳȣҲûйϵ岢ûҪܳȡ뿪ӶΪ˲ñ֪ǵĵ˺ηҾĴĺĺȥ壬ȥǱǾͲᱻͬ֡ģҲġʦǱûڴСϰϳʼǶСģڳʱһʱڣƺû˷ǣʱڣǿ͵˵Ķգʱˣҷĺĺٿģңϣǰѣȥ
ǣӳȥĻûӣҪܵĴҲȥǷ˷磬ʼܡһ죬ǵʱͻȻҲһȻľľ֮֮
ĳ֣ʮ⣬ӣͻȻסң˵ûб˵ԭľľ֮֮һֱûĺĺ֪뿪ʮġǣҲ˳ĴѰ֮⣬һЩǾþߡĺĺǰ֤ǿ
ʱ仰ҲЦΪΪӶһţΪѾľѾܼĵزʵϣҴˡϣûоԵļޣСĶֽܷ⣬ǿиǿ֡Уľľ֮֮ѾԽҡ
ĶϣȻĺĺΪ֤ˣǱѾܾûжֵҶԾѾ裬Ѿûдǰ֣ǶԷȴַ죬ܿͽһƳˣһϵĲתŹʵʱҲ֪Ҳ裬Ҳ޷ﵽ˿̵ĳɾ͡
ҿĺĺһ̣ž۵ĹʡҲĺĺ뿪ңΪΪҵģ뿪ʱΪľľ֮֮ҡľľ֮֮ĺĺҾҲҲ֣һ֮ǣûУ˽ϣҵʾҷ֣ȰҪпˣϾϣƺпޡ
˧΢΢һЦܶ˵Ĺ¡
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148 붴

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ӵȥ߻൱鷳ҿɱ
˵꣬߹ȥ
ӣ嶯ɱ᲻ִ鷳أ
ӵʲôʱҲСˣⲻĸԡ
˧ٺһЦðɣɱɱɣûʲôɱϧˡһԵأ
ӵѪ𣿡
˧ҡҡͷû᣿
ӵ壬Ѫһ൱ƽ飬Ѫãߺ󻹿Էֹ߱Ϊ˺ҩ
˧ǺһЦжɣ߶Ҫˡ
Ѿѹͷ̧ҪߡʱӵѾ£ߵͷ¶¡ߵβͲϵĳ鶯ţһȥˡ
ӽ£һƣߵľ۳һӡӽ˺Ѫһ߱˱״ѪӾ࣬ŶƤ˧ôѪġ
˧ЦϧûߣҲԡ
ӵֻҪӳȥûѪ𣿡
쵰Ҵҵߣˣһɵ
ǴӶڴˣӡ˧໥һۣþûлش
ãһ̴ӶðţʯԨڱһֻ˧һߵСŮСŮźӣ10ңһɫȹӣﻹһ2߳ĸֲ档СŮ٣õʮƯ۾СϪˮһ峺üëϸϡųΪܱ׼ߣȻ˶ĵĻǰ۵ʱģҲĹĵģʮֿɰ
˧֪ԽǿɰСŮʵɰģŮһִܹԣȫûкô
Ȼˣһеĺþһе뵽˧룬ӣ鷳ˡӵνǸ10ҵСŮЦŵԭǸСãߣߺΣյġ
Ҿϲô컹ߡСŮش
ӺٺһЦߣǻˣΪѾҶˡ
СŮͫһȻôҾֻҪĶӻˡ
˵ֲ꣬ѾӴ̹ȥһ12СŮĲ淨Ȼֿ׼һͲҪӵھӻ׼һӱֻ߲ǻһСƤСŮ˵ãӲ
룬СŮôЩŮӦø似˵ãСɱʾһ㣬û޷صĺʼʽӾûл֣СŮ֡
СŮҲںָѪʮȥӵϾӳֶѪۣ˧ӦðӺпصĺǣ˧˵һ䣺ҽԵģҪҾҰɣ
˻һСŮͣʮû˵ӣѾˣһӻ𣬺Ҹй˧˵ʱӿ˧졣
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СŮ˧˹ǣûа˧죬Ѿոڰ޷˧еĺڽ֮ģҪ˺ĻѾˡ
˧һ־ͽˣþӺûӣǰһƷ
ʱҾͿʼ취ƷˣһвУôٶҲû
ӺٺһЦ㻹˵ˣʲô㶨ˡ
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˧Ǵұʬ°ȥʱʦöʷˡҼסһֱϣлó
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ӵǰΪһ̡
˧ҡҡͷˣû
ǡ
Ӧڿڵʱ򣬻̳ҵְ취ܴڳȥõİ취ǵСŮһϸ۲붴ڵ
Ͳ˺𣿡
Ҫ˺ңܴҶԳȥĸǿˡ
һЦҲǡ
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ӵðɣܳȥҲ⵱ˡ
Ӳ󣬿ǸպСŮ棬ľСŮҡҡ̾һ䣺СŮѩȴ׶ĪƯԳ𣿡
˧ЦϻˣǣƯҲģªҲаģǲһˡ 
149 ջ

       仰һ޳ɡֱƱߵ˧ǰԵúš
˧ЦЦòŶãͻǵġ
ŶΪʲô
˧СŮ򵥣ʧˣһԣΪӦҪϾˡ
ӵͷ˵ĶԣܵжǿǶ£ΪԲˣǲǣ
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ЦЦƺǫһ㡣
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ӵ̫ˣȥɲá
˧ǰ˲Ů˲ӦѧûһЩ
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ͻȻŮӶʱڣûк˧Ҳ˵ʯûк
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һӿӶһƯŮӣŮӵĸԸ˧ȣĲ˵μãزҲͦüߣװ׵ҲգûоװΣ֮ϸü˫˵۾ʱƺԿһĿ
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˧첻ɵȻλѵõŮϧʯװ˷ˡ
Ů˰һ۵Ů˹ȵŮһ൱е飬ǿô뻯
˧ЦЦɣŮȥ˳Ǳ룬ĶġϲƯŮŮֻǣƯŮˣŸƯƵĶĳԣҶֵñء
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Ķֲ˧ĻǸ۾Ϲɣ˧Եںܿʱжϣƺͬһʱ䣬ĺѪ۾λáϸСİȫɻںڽϣ죬ºڵذˡ
һߵľŵò˵ϾŮ˵ĺҵղŵһĻҲŮ˵һµĿ
Ȼݶ
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ĳһİĵطСŮʯϣһȺŮΧλرͻĸһʯϡ˲ǳ໹ʣбŮˣϣҲдЩ
վżŮˣ˲û˵ԵʮֳĬ
԰ûû
ˡ˵
ŶΪʲô
Ĺ۲죬Ѿܿ϶˶ˡ
һλŮŷŵ 
150 ʮ

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˧쵹ȻŮӭȥλ㣬ǵİɣ
ŮӵɫܿˣΪ˭
˧סûк
Ůӵ˵ᶨöǸˣǿĻ뽫Ҷɣ
˧һЦ㣬ȻףֻǹôƯҲ˺
컬ࡣŮ˭ԸҶ
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ʲô˼㿴ŮˡŮ˳˾һۣŵǲ㲻ҽҵս°ҵûӣ

˧ЦŮӻðɣ̶ֹЦˣ̶ܴбͳ֣ҵȲˡ
˧ЦЦŮϣ˵Ҳ˺㡣ƯĺƯϲ˺ƯŮӣ㻹ǻȥɣҲ㶯֣Ҳᡣұ䣬ͷ뿪Ŀռ̫խˣҲ䣬û˼
Ů˵뿪ûš
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ȻҲˡŮ˵꣬Ƶ˧ǰʱȻû֡ԭ˧ûжͬһֵ˱䣬ûġֲ֣Ůˣ˧׷ʣʲô˼
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Ůıɫ˧Ŀ࿴֣ڽзĹߺ󣬹߻ɢٶȻطһŮɹȥһ̣Ů·ڷɳ֧ϸСİ˰õİ࣬Һ˧׼ûðԼ
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˼䣬˧ĺڽֱŮӵļ粿㷢ɨȥ㽫Ůӵ·ơһ̣ŮӴΪջֻгŭ˫ĳ򣬻ķɳȥ򣬽˧ΧסһȦ˧
龰һ˧죬ΪΪ˧Ӧðˣֻһ̣˧ĺڽɹĻĻ⣬ǰܣΧ˧ת

Ůһ˧죬һ쫷Ļ˧һ̣Ӷойɻȼգ·ԼѾˡǣͦסˡ
ֹͣˣ˧ĺڽ꣬ܿʧվ˧ǰŮͷ󺹣Ѿ֧ˡ
ˣٳȥΣյġ
ӵĻһӶڵϣٶ˵һ仰
ȥɣҷ㣡
Ϊʲô
˧ҪĽ㣬԰
Ŷ˵԰
˧һλᵽ
Ůɫɫɵԭˡ 
151 

       ˧ŮЦЦܴȥ԰𣿡
Ů˼һŵðɣҴӦ㡣ҲӦôӦңһҪ
˧΢΢һЦãҴӦ㣡

˧졢˷ǰĵòˡϾǺ뿪
Ů˼ţһ˧졢ƺĳֶס׹ʱѾ뵽һ硣
˿̣ǰһ԰԰໨ͬɫĻʢţһһ䣬ɢСŮרŽŻ֪İѾǵ硣
˧רĻݣǰľʮϾڳǱҲδܹÿĻ˧첻໨רңǼĻȴ٣ǰĻĻʵġ
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֪ʱڽŮѾͶϻġ
˧쿴˾һۣûкӵʮЦ
ŮӻͷһۣȻǲǱʯԨһ㡣

˵ĶŮˡ
֪Ķ治١Ů˿˾һۣȻˡ
ģ˧ҾǸ㲻ŮһֱǲǺġ
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Ѿˣô˧΢΢һЦߵ԰ߡ
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⣬ɫҶڷĴ°ڶţһˣӡݵϣű紵ҶһƬƬɢš
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Աߣһλÿ˿˧죬΢΢һЦ˧ˡ
԰ңԼѾˡ
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Դң԰ŭ˧졣
ߵˣܱ˵в۾ҿû壬԰ţҪһʱ䣬Ҳһ׽ܱˡȻˣҵȻҪŪĻڵɡ˧ЦЦ 
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ѩ常ŮվڳǽϣһóǽϵųŽǱˡũЩηӡ
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ڣ⼸ûнѩΪӦǽǵĻᣬѩ粡÷ǡһ÷ĹϵԽԽãѾͬޣȻûбףѾ벻Է
ѩѾܾûнӽŮˣӼ÷һ𣬾;һŮҪȹµһ˺õö࣬÷Ҳ࣬ҲȽᣬĿеѡ
磬ô࣬Ҫȥ𣿺
ȫħһ첻һ죬񹫹۸ʦǱݵĻôħܿǽΪйķ²
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Դʮ걻ץߺ֪ԼһλǧС㣬ļҵܴ󣬸һλܸҲ׵ļҵߵӲ֪Σʧٺ󣬸׺ֻܿһӣʹࡣ
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㽣ٺʲôãֻܴ벻԰ҺԱЧԳΪһ˲š
Ϊ˲ţ
һǱĿľϣΪ˲ţ塣ҲѩҳĿģ塣
԰˧￴ʲôҪ֪ĿĳҵƯӴ£ҪˣһŵĻ룬Ҳġ
һѣ
ȥϹ30ˣһǲ֮ܽӼɾʵϣÿŮһ˸еļ䣬˭ԸյŮ˳Ǳֻݸ黹ųþһЩ
ԭ԰顣һΪ
ΪˮϴŮӣ
þõģ˧ŵȷǣôãϾû̫飬ԣĿЩͬˣһҾǲףΪʲôӣ㲻Ҳ뿪顣
԰ֻǻþһЩѣʵϣ񣬾;ܲҵ㣬ڽʦǱˣѾˡ֪ӶʺܸߵˣҸ˵˲ţܲסԣҲŻء



157 һ

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ԲҴˣ԰
ûʲôֻһͣ죬㣬죬طˣѾ㹻ˡһУӦôһطȥһ飬ʵϣѡЩѡ񣬶ɲˡ
лл㡣˧콫ĺڽ£ŴĹߣڣҲ֪ԭʯԨҲĹºͼֵӦȥ˼һ¡
죬һȥһط뿪֮ǰôӦһ¡
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ȻЩΪ˴˵ĸĤǣ糿ʱЩ֡Ͳűߣ˳űһƿˡ
˧죬ӱӲ㣬һô磬ƽն㡣
Ϊ²ˣӡһֱֵܣҲԣӦ˵ĻҪһϢ԰Ӧǣ뿪
Ŷ˷ܵأ
ӦûױɣҴӦ뿪֮ǰӦһ룬ӦǾ
ȻһЦ㰾ͷˣһû뵽ǻܳȥ
˵˶ΪѾˡ룬ĺ˼֪£һġģһŮұ˵Ҫչģȴһ¶룬ʵչ
ģʵһֱεѡ
λˣ԰ĺƯվſڣλŮ˧ϵŮ
԰ڿȥ𣿡
ʲôʱ˵Ҫȥ
˧԰㲻ҪҴӦһ
ұûдӦ㣬Ҫȥ
ӵ㲻Ҫȥô˭
Թ۵ŮҲ̫С԰˰ɣ
ѽһɵʱֻСѾվں档˧첻ɵû뵽û뵽ԭ԰һλħ֡
԰΢΢һЦˡ
ûд԰ӦҪҾһΡ
԰΢ЦȷܴҲҵҪɱӡ
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춯֣˧졣԰˵һ䡣
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Ұ첻˧Цһûиˣôᰮô׷ԼļֵҪɱԼĺֵܣһѡûһأУС
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ˡ
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һ·ϣû˵ֱСʱǳһǰһƽţġվſڣرš
㵽һˣҲ֪ʲôǹޣǶû֪
˧֮벻û뵽ĶˣֻҪЭʲô¶йȥġԲԡ
ǣ
վűߵֵ֣໥ţȻЦ
ʧˣſˣε˽ȥһȥԵĹȫʧţһǿ֣ٽţƺգ̵ĲݵأĶڵ汼š
һִֻƺҪץסͻȻ֮䣬ֱһԲεУһڰĶѨǵĽ롣 
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       ߲ϱţΧһжԸָͼʾ˧;ӶϸһСƺڵȴȴһһϵһðա

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˵ܿʧȥ˧;Ӳߣһʱ֮벻õİ취
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ΰѪ⣬ŷǱľܣ꣬ת
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160 ҫ۹⻷

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˧ЦǰڲϢҲ֪ûʱϢأ
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Ųһһͽ֮մϣѩ嶢ˣþõģˣŮɣŮ¥в٣ԣҵŮ㣡 
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ӽϽ˵ȭͷʱѾһǿڲԶӵϣžһ졣
ޡӡ
ѪӾӵΪ˲þˣ˧ܿӵڡĹͷܵճһ 
163 ΰ֮

       ӹͷϣ˧Ҳˡ˿̽һǱƽƺ⽫ǸϾɱ˼ǣ˧һܺõĻᡣԽ˵ıƽûжֻһֻȥ
ڿʱʹߣصĵڽΧһ˧ûмĵֵһʿӵУǳ
˵ǳ٣ǿ졣ͬʱ˧Ѿץס˾ӵ֡һ˲תơΣ˧;ʧڽĵطڹؿڴ˵ӰһͲˡ
һգѾˣʧڳڴ½˹¶վڳڴ˼
лл㣬˧죬һߣ˵׾١
Ҵû㣬Ϊõѡ˧
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˧ؿѾźܿͻȥǽ뿪ѧԺսɱС
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ǵģһֻǶܵһˣѧԺĹؿȷܲ򵥣ţ֮⣬ҪȥӦòࡣ
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԰ƽһûѧԺȴ˧졢ӸոսǶӣǹ˧죬һĽ죬Ѿ˧졢ʧȥġ
һѧ뿪ѧԺȥɱɱȥˣѧ뿪ļįܻʦ¡ѧȥˮʦˮеľңһֻˮټоֻΪʦ˲Żס
Ժ԰Ļޣ磬ζޡУȹʱλʦЦЦ߿ˡεˣ԰Ѿ뽲áϲźɫɴ޵ʿһ۾Ļôһˡ
ĬϿʱ档

ߵ̨ߣûк԰˧졢ӡһ˸ˣ˧;Ӿһᣬһڻûг뵽԰Щ֪ѧԺ˶ܿˣֻпͨ˲ܳΪѧеߡһͨĻҲǴ߽˼
ʦǶ˵ʲô˧졢ӵ֪ѧҫ㲻ǣӦÿЩ
԰ߵǰļЦЦԣ㽲öԣӦÿЩôأУӼǣǽ뿼˵ѧԺ൱˲ţΪ١˧졢ӵѾ˵ǽѧԺʷϡ
Сĸʮ˧ûк룬˵ĸڻʳӶһʿСͽܸ׵״һ·ûʲôۣǣ˶֮Ϊʿ֮ѡΪʦǱÿʿϣĵطڵʿлսʦǱʿ󲿷Ѿսˡ
ʮŵң԰ʦһжңһѧԺġ
һᣬ㣡԰ù۹˵
̨´һ󣬺У߽˽ã٣ýﰲеʱⶼۼλȴ־ϡ
һ԰õһߣȻ΢΢һЦ˰ɣУˡ
Уߵ԰վĵطֵˣµĿˣ˲͸ʸ¿ϣλѧܹ˳ͨˣƽ˧졢Ӹź
һλͻȻУĻУܲ㼸⣿
˲ǱˣƽУƽ˲ûзƢԼİӡ
ƽʰɣ
ҵħԶԶΪʲôܿ˵˲ң
ƽʣУЩ顣ʸܿ˵Ӧƽ͸ǣΪ˽ԭУǽΪ͸ƽһʣҲУѻش⡣
Ϊ⣬Ĭһӣѧ޲ΪƽðӦãЩײУĻҩζȻƽһҲУԼУһôϾǵ굱ʳħ᳤ƵΨһѪУҪõѡ
ƽ϶УΪԼƵΨһѪԼ뿼ģǱˣҲ嶯ġ
У֤ƲȷģֻĻ԰ԼѧײУأٷƢǳƽ벻ҪУ˵ÿʿħʦӦüǵϡ
̨ѧǽͷӶƽ޳ɡɾʱУˡõŵ¾磬Լƽһ
ҲƽҲûеȷΪ˽ɣûѡһ˽ǣһҪѡôƽѵĶӣҲҵĶӣֻϣܹѧУѧ㶫ٻصȥҲĸ׽չ˵ҪԣҲŻᡭ
ԭΪĸУƽ˵ʲôأһ仰Ҳû˵ԴӸ뿪ĸ׾ƽҪˣҪ˲ϣԼҲ
Ҳһ֪ƽѧУҺƽ֮⣬û֪ƽǰʳħ᳤֮ӣҲ֮ӡħΰ֮һƽΨһѪҳ˽ѡû˻ΪǴģ㣬ƽ㲻뿼ˣҲλ˲ѧԣԭҡ
Уҡƽ۾ʪˡ
̨´һ԰Լˣû뵽ԼĴħʦĶӣҲƲסУߵƽǰܸпԭңƽղҲӦá
԰ʦҡƽΪǵľúһǣ˵ĸ׸ıԼ֮ӣҲӦͨһӦ⻯ 



164 

       ԰Ƶ˵ͷ뷨ǶԵģ֧㡣ѧԺľ
һġ
ƽѾ壬У¶΢Цǳ嶯֮ˣղʵûа취Žƽ˵粻˵ĻʦѧһмȻѾƽֵͬѧϣϧѵõĻᣬ˺ͨˣǵ
һ䣺ˣУһ⡣Һʵ˧졢Σ
ôһ䣬Ǻ飬У԰ĬһӡУȻǵʵ۸ʵ˧ʵǿ˺ܶ࣬ʷ㣬˧˺ҡȻħʦۺʵȫ˧֮ϡ
ûеУش԰ȲǵʵԶԶ߹˧졢ӵ˲ʵ𣿡
ʦ˵öԣֻҪһߺãпܽôҲûãҪúúʧ
У΢΢Цˡ
ȥʽɣ԰ʦ΢΢һЦ˵
У˵ͷ
ĸոպãһڴӽõ洫ģѲȥ˶ˡ߲ǱˣȻ˧졢ӡ
Уþö˧졢ӣûиˣӦȥã˵ѶУû뵽Ȼվǰ˵ѧи죬ı黹һµġ
ǣ
ǶΪӦѾˣҲûúûš˧ߵУǰ
УûпۣȻǸ˲ţͨǴ˧ȻѾͨˣپѵͱҵˣ˲˧졣
߹ңУ
УҲ˲𡣡
԰ˣߵ˧ߣ˧ߴĻǰһ˵ԣ˧ʱһ֡
˧Ϻã˾ƽʿһЦЦȻɢˡӾ԰ûдԼҲûн⣬վ˧һֱûк
˧첢̫ʶﲻþͽпˣǺġ˧ãǸƽļһǺܿϳϾƽ
˧죬м㣡
Ⱦʽ˵ɣ԰ƽĻ
Уֵȥμʽ˧졢Ҳȥ
á

Դ˧졢ӻصѧУϢܿ촫˧ҲڣյѪӶʿ޲Ϊ֮ġȻյѪӶӶѾʣ࣬ܲǰʮ֮һһħ񹫹սһоȻδսء˧֪ЩϢҲģصǰŵĹ棬Сʵĺʮָӡ
˧ѾҪٻؾѧԺѧԺ˼뿪˾ѧԺȵľǴ˧սսеĿ˲Ҫġ
ڣС˶չ˵ʮܵ˧ܵ˴ǰûܹϲֿսֿƽġʵӵѡ
Ǵ˧Ӽӻ죬˧ƽһڴСغĸǰôᣬƯûоĴ磬ȴȻ֮׷
˧ų㻹ûҵѩ粽𣿡
˧Щ˸Уƽʵ˵ѩʦǱҹʱǺ˷ܣǣһ¹ȥˣûеõǵκϢȥĪȥ˧Ժǳһ⡣
Ѿ뿪ѾϢѩ粲ɵѾҸˣֻܹЩ
㲻ȥ𣿡Сգ۾һ䡣
룡ǣҲܻȥȻһͲٻͷ
С΢Ц˵мǿȱƣϲġơ
һɢƵ˸ǰ˧ٱһ¾ƱǺþƣʯԨڣҴû뵽ܺơСҲҺȡ
ųҲᣬһȣͻġ
˧һЦûкѾˣɵá
Сߣæ߿ˡʱ˽һȫʵչܸмʵǣĿҪĻ˧졣ӣȻ˧ֻãҲʾĿֻ˧Ϊ磬ȴǶ˧Щ뷨
ſڼСЦˡһž͵磬۸С
˧һЦû취ֻŮġ
ɫԱˣ˧ߣоƣԵһ¾ƣȻǺþƣƣӦǽʦǱľơ
ȷ˵ħľơ
԰ʦǱǽǵĵطľƶٶ̵Ӷʿмֵ
ԽԽˣ˧һЦ룬֮⣬ûλŮܹͬһˣôǱ
ȫˡĵ
ôûʵһ𣿡˧һ䡣
˵ˣҶʵû˼
˧Ȼףʵֺ̫ʵû˼ŮϵʵǺŮĿصġ
ʵʵҲģ˧Ϊˣһʱ䣬Ӧˡ
˵һˡĵСƢƺ˧ȼ



165 ĸŮ

       ˧ֻóĬһĬҶܣʱ־ò˼ɵԲ磬Ĳģǣոգҡĺ
ûʲô˧¶µı飬ң̬ҲˡһҵһõкȻûҵ֮ǰһչ㡣
¶ʧı飬ͷҲлл㣬磬ʵܹߣţҲĸʣڰ飬һû̫󡣿ǣһĲˣԼھһӡ
˧ģʲô£Ҫ𣿡
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Ŷ˧ɫԱˣʲô£
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˧ȷ𾪣һӡ
˼ƢǾԲ޸һԼˣĪǾԼ뿪Ī۵ĹϵΪ˺ܴıģ˵ԼһֱĪ֮ϰȻ˼ѾѡһֺαٹҼǡ
ллң㲻ңҲһġһֱ˼㵱ãȻԴǱһֱߣûҵҲᰵ࣬ȻѾѡĪۣѡһԼкһҸ顣Ҵף
ĵ룬ҾͺܿˡˣѩأûϢ
ûУ˧ʧ
ҲѾ뿪˰ɣܴĺ䶯ĻӦ˵
ɣѩ粣֪ҳһģˣӦøƯ˰ɣĺʱء
Ĵûм˧ѩҸģǵѩҸҲʹģǣһ죬ҸϾͨˣϢܿͻᴫĶ
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20ʱúܿ죬ôƯĸ׵ĳ⣬òϺܿ۳ʵ䡣Դ磬ǣͨ·Ҳһ˾ø߹ʡǳװɣ
ܹ֮ӽ飬Ż£ҲϹ֮£ĪһλǰСĪ۶ûгʲô⣬﴿ƷһĵطĪ۴ԱŮĽ֮⡣
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ԴӻصѪǱ˼ϣ˧Ŀеλãҵ˧Ӱǣǣˡ
ȣƣ嶼Ƕʱ䣬Īοģ˼Ī۶Լİҵ˰ϣȻĪôҶԺúûţΪʲôԼͲΪһԼ˺úûأ
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166 ٻ֮

       ӣĪһҸ𣿺ӣһǲе㸽͡ĲϲһҪ裬費ǿ㣡
ҡ˼мʧ䣬Ļ
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һᵽ˧죬˼ɫͱˣЩϡʱ˧СϾ˧ûĿʧ
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˵꣬Ůף˿̣˼¶ӵı顣
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˼Цû뵽û뵽һΪЩȫڲҡҡͷӦΪʲôţĪ۽ʱһֱôĺܻҼĵһ𣬾ûкù
߷Ů֣Ů嶯뿪Ӵ֮ҲʧԼǰ
ôĸŮһ䡣
һĪ۽飬ҪÿģӴ֮ҲѾҵģѾˣӴ֮󣬱ǰᵽûϣĺܿģ㿴ĪҶãǰ˵һ̫ţ룬ĺϲĪۣ뿪ܣҾǻŮ
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ŷ壬˼أĪȴŷһһ䡣
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Īŷһ˽ȥѽĸŮѡʱĸŮѾ˼㣬Ī߹ȥ˼㣬ҳȥɣ
˼װʲô¶ûУҲȥˣ裬ұȥɣ
ĪЦЦŶӣ˼㣬쿴ܺãǲʲôӦøҡ
ʲôûУôࡣôңҲƭ㣬ȥɣҺĸЩʱأ
ŶǲͰˣ
Īһߣ˼ĸ׵ɫֻ˸֮ɫ
ڸĸһӺ˼طˡڴôҲ˯š˧һĻһĻĻǰǸоĺܺáǣһжģԼΪһԼϲкӣǵģиһӡ
ԽԽ£ԽԽܡ˧죿ΪʲôϣֻŻġ
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㶮¶ˣһҲãҪָһ𣿡
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ȣӶ¥Ļ԰
԰Ļʢһ޺޺ģ൱˼ǵСʱطԼ԰ĪۡĪħƮݡȹõͯ꣬ȻԴ15Ͳϲ԰ӣΪ԰²ǻڴϣǻʱ񡣴ǰһɣֻĿеĸоǰ
˼㣡Ī۵
Īۣô᣿
Īߵ˼ǰǵСͤȥĺ𣿡
˼̫ˣҪȥˡ
Ī۵ֻ֪ܷģ鷳ҵҲòǶȥ
˼ĪۣƺʲôΪǷ֮ˣô֪ܲ˧ûϢأ˼˧֮ǰ£Ҳжš˼ܲף
ԭ㶼֪ˡ˼ͷ
ĪȪ˵ĶԣĲһܹŮĵк̫ˣŮôϲкأһĺܿģĻ䣬ͬʱҲ֪û˧죬ҪˡҲǿ㣬Ҳ֪ǿǲҸġģһ׽һУŷΪѵġ
Īۣ˼˸Īۡ
Īַס죬Ȼٶ˵һ仰ѾˡһʿҲǿ㣬ġ˼㣬һ죬һ֤㿴֤㲻˧죬һлֵġ
Ī۸磬ҶԲ㣡
ǰûѡѾܸмˣȥ˯ɣʲô¶ᷢȥ˧ɣ۸㣬һ 
167 ƽԭ֮ս

       ˼ĪۻٻϢܿ촫˧ĶΪˣʮھΡĲ֪˼ʵҲûʲôһֶûҲûжֵûӣǣȴΪԼߵһ
˧첢Ǹ˸еˣǣܻи顣죬׼Ǵ˧ӣ˧ȴ顣ĪǣĿУҵ˼ĸ飿
Ӻټ˧ĬΪ˧컹Ϊѩʧٵ˸Уߵǰ˧֣ʲôأ
˧ûֱӻشֻǵ߰ɣǴ˧ڵأ
СһֱߣҲŵ˧ųȥأ㡣

˧ǽʦǱȨĵطȫǾӢǴ˧ΪʦǱȨûܸ߸ϵȨϾÿ촦ûлζ
˧˧Ĵ˧ġٿܹվĵطҲ٣˧ħʦħʦɵĳϻ壬⣬ʿ϶ɵľʿȨڳϻᡣ
Ǵ˧ԣҲǽʦǱȨ
ӶǳϻĻ᳤ҲħĻ᳤ȨǴ˧һֱվǴ˧ұߣǴ˧ԥʱǴ˧Ҵ⣬ƽһվǴ˧ߣᱻΪүҲǹʿ
ˣ˧첢ǺϤǵĴжţǴ˧ǰ˧һλǴ˧
һˣԴǴ˧û뵽һ꣬һʦǱƺҲûжٱģʯǱ֮ĽǼ
ֻһδٴμǴ˧˧ô˱ȵһμҪǴ˧жˣ֪Ǵ˧ٽԼɺƽʿ
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Ǵ˧Ȼ˧һб֮ˣǰΪʱҲ侲һΪǺٿǰһġ
޾ʿѾΪ㻹ʲôҪ˧ܹ㣬һ
ӵѾûҪֻ˧ܹõҵĵط
أǴ˧˧һ䡣
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˧Ǵ˧ûǾмֵġڴ½ϣȨһУԣһ˾ǺΣյġ˧ھӿЩסæǰ˧˧һֱֱȥֻ
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˧ֱֱվǰûаη֮ɫúӶƽһﶼ͡
Ȼôϲ̣ҿ㡣ʯǱѾźţڰ˿ƽԭǵľӻʯǱһսĿǰûѡãȻȥ̣ȥɣھλ㻹ȥţһûоǲͳģҵһսˣ㲻ɲ˾һҪط㣡
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ƽһﴩһɫľһӣʿ˵ʲôܿʻȥ
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˧Щ棬ɵĪҲս
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ŶϢ˧֮ϡ
ڴ˿ƽԭӦս⣬Ǵ˧ɢᣬ˧ŲλԱһͬӴ˧ӿ˧ſڣȲ˧˧֣湻ɫȻôͷɽһʤĻ㽫ΪǴ˧صὫţңҲ˸⡣
˧ڸ̫ˣû˵ĸɽһնɱλǱʵĽţսıԣܴ˾ܹˣʣ²ʱһҪͷԣǹƾһɫ似
㽲öԣǣΪ֣ⷽȱ࣬ȻҲݶ۹һǽԭӲݵġֻۣۡڽűضĽǣ֪ۡȫģ۶ΪҪ
ôģҲѪӶֱʬʱĽսҲϾ飬ټȥ˿ƽԭκͲ֣һװܸ֣ҲףΪ֣ѾûйҼˣʧܣδػḶԲԣ
㽲ûӵҪ½ѪӶźҵյսѣһво󣬰˿ƽԭ֮սеһȡ 
168 ʿ

       ˿ƽԭʯǱͽʦǱ֮䣬֮ƽԭǾӾｻ棬һ˴ƽԭӦòɫ࣬ޡȻսණ˿̵İ˿ƽԭвݣȴܰѿ෴ƽԭϸŰ׹뱻սµĹȴΪһ羰
ƽԭ粻ˬУ˴Į֮СȻ˿ɾ֮ʿ֮أ٣ܶٸ˼ֳ顣
˭޷Ԥսʱһ֮ء˿ƽԭҪսҲ֮˭Ƭ򣬵Ѿܶ֡ǣʮսУûйƬƽԭżȻõҲܿΪƽԭѵıܱ֮ضء
Ϊƽԭ֮սûϨ˧԰˿ƽԭʷϸΪսȻħޣ;һǰ顣Ƭƽԭʱƽԭϵİ׹ǺͻȷǴ顣
һ֮أһ죬ｫǵ֮ءһϣ˧Ҳ˵һ仰
޿ܣӽӻ
˧Լսʲô뷨Ƭƽԭƽ̹Ժܿ˻ؽʦǱҲԺܿ칥ʯǱĳǽߣһŴƬƽԭܱӵĻʧأҲΪʲôÿԸ˵Ҳӷ׳١
ӿЦܣϣ㻹ǲùߣľʿǰǵĵսΣݣֻв¾ȷսֲܴܴˡ
˧Цڲ˽սǣҪ뾫Ĳֻºѡ
ŶΪʲô
ԭΪӦûЩݺľһȴһƬߣвҲûãӶҲѣֻйƽһսΨһ·
ӵҲģǣһ֧ûоǿľӺԸһ֧ǿľɱһΣǵʤࡣ
˧һرħʦϰǣҪ֪սħʦʿֻڹʱ޷֮ƴʱܱء
ӳһô֪Ǵħʦ
˧׻˵֪֪ˣſ԰սܡ˵ħѾﵽ20༶ѾмħʦҵһѧɡĻôӦ⣬ڵȻ֡
ڵġʲô
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ģǴ˧ǲıģһҸҿ϶
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Ҵûı䣬˵ˣھ͵ˣʲôԺİɣټ
˧糾ȥʵڲɵų˵ĻᶼûУôýأ
ɵˣΪģ㲻ˣӦû׵ġһϣҺ޳˧ĵȷӦýӶţķûС

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ûȨĽûл˧ʵϣҪ˧ѣֻҪ˧׼ͨڶԽ롣
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ĺ˼ԢҲûжټֵΪЩ羰Ŀˡÿϣϲ԰ߡ
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ε֮ͨƤ򡱡ǣԻ԰ŮͰ˼˼һ羰ÿ죬16СﶼᶢƤϼӡ
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ȥɣ棬⼸ߣΪʲô࿴أĳ˼һЦ
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ƹȭʱ仯һĽȭͷɫĹ⻷⻷ڸٳĻ·Ȱȵ졣˿̣еħĺһָħһɫĹ׵ȭ⼷һ

ഥһ졣촫ӶǵĶĤ޲˲ı̫ǿҳ˸˵Ӱ
ֻӶãһĶǵľλħʦľԶ˧ִ̼ĳ棬ɰΪ֮˸̾
׽ΪԼƾħǿĽϵħһһԻʹõˮϵħһĺˣ˷ܼˣһʽħ֡Юħȥ
תħħǿľˮ򡢻޷ġԼԼѹסΪɱֵĻ
ǣӵʱħȶʱɱ״һӣ״ħס˷ɹĽֻҧأþһ˿ƺҪź

ħȾȻħĹˣħתͷȥҪ֪һϵħеħҵʹǿʮλħʦɥֺοʵزƽħʦ
ħȵļٶȣת۾ͻε׵ǰջԼĽ򣬿ǣڶֵļ֮ӽȥʱ鼱зһ
ֹס˽֮ǹڣγɷ֮ҪסԼ֮ѡ񡣿ǣأֲɵʱ򻹲ɣ
ܹĳ˵ˮϵħѾﵽмҲˮͨ߼ˮϵħʦֳƱϵħʦ
Ӳ䲻򣬵һڵϣҲԵġܵĵִ޷˿ĺֻˡ߲ûϡ
ΪûˣɺܿһĺϮһ򣬺Ϊ˼ֻһһʱûϵ

ں׵߹ϣĹϴҲߵķһ׿⡣װԶ߰վĸǰ
ˣ
ȣ
һѪӺ׵ϱųĿȴһټѪţ̵ѪˮճĿȴٻ䡣
Ҳɱ㣬ֺȡԺ׵ʬ˵һ仰
žɱϣĳ䣬ܿ죬ǷվǸŻɫ׵ˡѪӶųĬˣԭӶŴ߰źȻδսλὫѾ񻰣ԭӶΪдһʿ߰
˧ĬˣͷӿһµͷĪһ
׵ĿϬ˵һ䣺ȥȣ
˧̵ûĶ֣ǾŻսɣܹƴɱǡѪӶŲԭӶѷɫ
˵֣꣬ŵѱħʦţɿħޣץĴ󵶣¸ǵĵˣ̣һʤ
˧׵Уڰħ޳ǰָųȥħħ˻ǳ׳ۡħޱͱ˸ߴײУЩħ޶üΪײУ˧ȥʱԭӶڵʮħʦڵĸǰ
ʵϣѾ˧ЩֲסֻʮӲͬħʦɳ˧컹һмܵĳ档ľɨľһڵĽǱǰʿǻܹ飬ħʦħȴöࡣ
˧ֶֻҪ飬ڽܵײƺҪϵˣ˧컹ƾżǿסһϮ
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ڽٰΣѾʹãڽЮһ޴ħʦ϶ɵȦƴȥ̻ð㣬ϵˣȦܿȦס˧졣
䣡
ʱӭѪӶŵħʦѾ֣ħʦΣյĹͷԭԭӶŵȦȦʧˣ˧ǰ
Ҫɱ㣡˧
ڽ񣬽һɫʴӽҫûɽǣ˵һ֡ϽʿɫһϮ

һ죬ָûһֻ֣ЮȥĶȫָȻ󻯳һ޴ϰ
˧ĽȻڰգӲܶҲˡһǰ˧ֶˣû뵽жԼƴɱսϡ
¶һ˿΢Цɱ˧죬ʤѪӶ׵ġħȶʱһѼĴ̵ֱֱ˧Ӵ̹ȥ
˿̣˧ΧħʦһΪ˧ˣǰսᡣǣûУһͻȻɹס˻ɴ̵ħȡ˧춨һǾӣˡ
ڵڳǵ⣬˧ĵˣڽˮƽٶô죬˧춼ҳԼ̹ȥġ
ɱˣӦñˡٿٶﶼģ̹ȥʱȻöָס˧ĺڽţڷɰɣˮ֮תƱ
˫м䣬һˮ״ķתɷɫɫ۾סˣеֶܿȥ˧ĺڽţ˧ӣ
˧챻ڷɣˤڹƸǰٶȽ𣺡
վħʦƴɱɣ
ѪӶڵħʦɵƼ˧ǰͷħʦȻЩмħʦǷ֮ǣȻ˸һЩԭħۺʵȫʤѪӶŵħʦ
ħʦߴʱʱƲ㲻ɽӶ˺ɱš
ҲҲӵӰ˧Σյʱأ˵ĵطȫӶѪˮɽӶѾ¡
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Ц͸˿ӵԽޣһޱߡƣ
ڶһ״ս𣡡һ
˧ֻѪҺƺ強ԼʴţޱߵָķǱʶУħʦһǿ⣬ǿɵֱֱɢǿڸ߿γһǿţˮһħʦ
Ÿͬһ꣬ȴȵó档ָ亹ˮֱƺסһܶ
ԭӶڵħʦ޲¶ɫŹ֣ոǴ˧ӿġ
Ƽ˧쾹ȻʹһֹŹֵķּħʦǸͣΪֵĻˡĽ̹ȥһǶŶֵ۾̹ȥġǣǰʱԷȻһָͷָͷס˹ƵĽ
ָֹֻڴ˵죬ˡΪ޷ֵģһָֻͷȻס
߳ŭ｣ٶȸָ㵽Ķͷˣסһ񱻶
ֱ˫ƣסһƣħʦɢ˧۾Ҳɴ˿̣Ѿʣ޼ƣڵϡ
˿̣ĿɨУôţ˧ԵЩһóûյЧ
λħʦ£ѪӶ԰ܼԶĹֻڷżֻǼڵ£Եôûá
Ѿǰ˧䶯촽˵ȴûкָ߳ҲѪѪ̵ر졣䲻µء
˿̵˧սûˣԸѾܡһ뵽ЩʣϾûмѩ粡ѩ常Ů
Ҫ֪Ұˣô
Ѿˣ˧죬Ȼ㻹ĸʡ˹ħʦվȫúûţ˧ħʦȫڵϣҲûս
Ѫˮ˧ˮ˧һֻһᣬһǱѩϳһξսϡ
Ӯˣ˧ܲĸʵһһ˧ϸɫ
һ̰ɣ
ƴתš
˧ɫɷף۾ĳĬĬӣ
ҪʵӶİΧźôţȫϢ
תûл˧죬ֻǿֱֱѪӶź滹ǰӶսάѾܾãӶŻսη
ʯһƿǽʮλӶӵӶųһߡֻźѪӶģ
˻ģӶסص˧еĻ̌𣬻Ѿһֳ裡
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       ˵Ŀⶼ˧ĺڽϣϾһնȥѪųܡ
磬񣬸䣡
վ˧ǰһֱ۾Ŀô߰һԼˣ˧һɲĳ嶯Ȼһ
ĻԻͶѾȥֻҪһܣעһߣ
һŮ죺˧죬ԣ
ôϤ
ԣ˼㡣һֱԼŮû뵽ѪӶŵĶ飬ԾŮװ˧ĿȺɨţϣһԼһһŮǣûз֡ƺղȫǴ
˧죬⣬⣡
ڣ˧ˣһʿſڵţô࣬ѪǱˣʱʱ˧˼㡣˧ͷ֪˵ʲô
Ǹʿȥʿš
˧콫һħȾָħĹ˧ļ򣬽ڵءĵ˼ߣ˧˼֡˿̣ŷֻôůôҪ
һӰԼһδαߣ˧ԼˡĶڣŮܸܿһ
ָȥǵѪˮʹԲҰˣҲһӢۣһʧߡʧˡ
˼ЦˣǴǰ΢Цûа⣬Цݣƺܻѩһɹ˧Ŀôˣ˻ôƯϧֻһʻ
ģ˼֣˧ϵľƺǿڻոƣӳ˵һ۾ʱ󣬽˼˲ˣֻͻȻվ۽գ˫һƣһǿĶӵɢ
ǿĶɺɫţɢӶ֮䡣ɫطһ˧쾹ȻҪ
ħҲûԥ˧컹ûǶֵʱ
ħ̼Ҳ˱״һһ˧ĲӣжʱһɫĴӡͬʱ˫ƺһ΢۾˫ƴ𣬾ۼһɫıתţһȦһȦ
˼۾Ķ˫ֱ֣ϵħʦƴĶˡ˧ˣҲ
ǰûлɹ˧ǽˡϾһѵõ˲ţħܸߣߵһ󲻵ĵزµĵطǣµ˶ú˶ʱЭħʦǶⲻȦ
ɣǧӵĴԶ𡣿Գɣ磬֮Զɢ⡪䣡
һ䣬˧ͻȻ˫־죬һɳɢ׶ѿˣǹɾԼƲס
ΧħʦǸ֮ϣƺĳֳݡ˧תһ£Աߵ˼㱻ڿС
ֻ񻹼ᶨվԭأħѾϵƺãֻܾȵʲôʱƺһ̣ѪѺ
ţ˧콫ܾ۵ߵ㣬˼㱻ӣѾڻС˧컹˲õʲôˣֻһ뷨ǾɱӢᣡ
ָһ̧гɰ״ħȷķָȥһָ֮˧춼֪жǿ
ûб˧ĳ񣬾ѪҺѽƴѪٱ䣬˫ͣ󣬱Ͼ֪ǰѾһˣ
ѳɱƣָɱͨɫ
ǰʱ˧۾ָٶȲǺܿ죬ϵҲǺܴ󣬴һָ޷ָôҲûȥ˧Ĳ
ָڽһ𣬱ơָ
Ǳħĵһαƴ飡ӴȲһּıˮ̼֮γһǿڵĳһÿ˵ȥ޷
ҵָ
˧һӦΪָˣʵϣûУָúƴֻƺû֪еޱȵĿ־壬Ķˡ
ȻĵĻǶ֣վԶһħʦǻɫѳѣվڻе˧죬þõģľ׮һš
һѪˮ˧վָ֪ûжϣȫľѾˡ֪ʲô֧ԼվţҪѵ£
ϣһŮˣɫ̸˧쿴ԼǣҲĪǣ
ģᣡһš
˧첻˼ھطԼ˼ĹǰһֲңΪһûվȵĻôԼڵϣԶѲˡ
˿ƽԭƺڵϣħ޵ʬ߰ţûĿѾˡս̻ȼ֮Уúｫһ׹磡
˼䣬˧Ȼǰһţһ
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ڣĸǰվߣôڣôĮ߰˧һЦţƶˣһı˫۾ҲĮ˧ܿ϶񽫻Լ£˧Ҳֻܴ
Ͼһһû߱ɣǣȻûж֣˻ɫƱطɫɫɫָǰˡ
߰˧죬Ｗһ˿΢ЦЦ˧һ㶼ס
Ϊʲôɱң˧ֻú￨ʲôز㣬˵ôһ˵Ʒ硷 
180 ˵

       񾲾վţһֶϵħ˻ȥţת ˧ԭ򣬿ͻȻһ˵ϡ˿̣ףһ˵øһصӦòҪٳˡ 
ԶԶģŲӶ뿪ˡһսʤʧܣ֪ѪӶֻܻ²ˣ 
˧ŸоΪ飬ʹޱȡʮһ˵ⲽأѾѡȥ˼ǰ̽̽ıǿףȻЩϢ˧Ϊѳɶ֣˼һ˿˽ȥܿ죬۶ˡ 
˹ȥ 
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˧ѹѾǺܶˡ 
ԼһİĵطﻹˮδʯһҶҶֲŵҵңбҡ 
ʲôط 
˧һʣĴԻһƬ㣬ǰʲôȫǵáվ򶴿ȥڴ߻ 
ڲߣʯ·Ūβˤӡûˤˤ˺վڣڶڼǿ⣬۵ǿŪٴλʡ 
ˮ߳⣬ϴ衣һСϪǰСϪηʮơ 
СϪʲôԽͷԽʹ˯ˣҲ˯֮ʣһĸǰһߴߣŻɫһĺ룬۾ôƺ 
ڵϵ˧죬ҡҡͷһˣӦøһ𰸰ɣ 
紵ŵϵҶߵϣץסҶϪˮһ˦ƬҶȻˮãһټˮ︡ѾˣҶ˦жġ 
˵ֲͨ˿԰쵽˭ 
ҹСϪȼһ֦֦Ͽ˧챻Ūˡ 
۾һİߣ˧첻ɶûкǱģûȻ֪ˡֻи˲Żϸ΢졣˧첻һ䣺ǰǣ 
ǲ׼֪ģΪҪΪҰһ£ֻиˣ 
˧Ѿվѱ߲żһߡ˳ǰѺر֮ûи߲ͬĵطͨ˵ĺҪǳܳĻһǰ׵ģλߵĳȫǺڵģرڡһԸͷȳ̵ˣ˧컹ǵһμ 
Ȼˣ˧ܿ϶ʵ䲢Ҳʮ꣬ͶһλĹꡣ 
֪֪Ѿ˯˸ˡΪû뵽㾹Ȼ 
˧̾˿һܴףһʧĶܸ˶֣Ѿû塣 
õݸɣˣ㻹ʱ䣬һʲô¶ġ 
㿾úܺã˧ˣ¿ʲôڶˣҪĵһ¾ǳԣһ١ 
̻ʳԵ˧ֵٸһ 
ҡҡͷɣ 
ص˧ʲô¶ûо˯ȥڶһȥǸ˸طû취˧ֻԼҶӡãڴﻹ棬˼ֿʳĹӳԱˡ 
СϪϴ̫£ôһʹɢˡǣʹѾɢˣȴڻָ֮С 
ǰֻǵ񣬴˿ͻȻʲô˼㡣뵽ɫһӰˣ𣿵Ըܻ 
ƻʱڼһ˻ˣ˧ӭȥȥ˺ηûлش𣬶 
˧ЩҲ 
˷ŵľҰڵϣĵҪˣһҪİʱܰ𣿡 
˧֮ˣ̵ǰһ棬˵һʮҲ࣬˵ɣʲô£ 
һе֮˵ɣ֮ĻҾͷˣһ뿪ڴţﶼҪȥúȥʲô£˺˺ٸ㲻١ 
˧ǰǺ뿪𣿽Ƿֿˣ㻹ҵ𣿡 
ܿ϶һˣûҲĵˣø 
ҽ˧죡 
˧죡ɫ 
ôǰϵң˧Щ⡣ 
֡Ҳ֪ѪӶŵų潫ʱҲ֪ 
ˣǰôҵģ 
ѪӶźԭӶսĵ죬ҴӽʦǱȥʯǱ·ϣҷһѱұȥ񱦽ҷߵ˻кǿϢҶ϶ûұƬ֡ 
ҵǽʦǱĴֻʯǱĴ֣ 
ʯǱ˴ 
ˣô֪ǰѱ˧׷ʣУǰѱأ 
Ϊѱ˽֣ʱҼϷѽһʯƶɵĺڽΪľһ֪ͷ˶֮Ϊľ 
ȷľľһʱ͸ҡ˧ֱӵ 
˵ľһĵմӣ 
ҸʲôϵûУħ׼ָħڵħټңûнܡ 
ŶЩ⣬˵ĳ˵ĵӣ



181 һ

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Ҳܸ㡣˧ֱӵ 
Ҳٶʣ߿ˡһ˻˿һѽһֱı˧֪Żмֵ 
˽ݸԭ 
лл˧ӹ 
ӲˣҲˣһжָΨһͬǣ˧Ļûлָһ뵽ӡ˼ˣľͻʹ֪˵ΣʵϣѾˡ 
һ뵽ӡ˼ĻȥֻԼģУټʦǱĳҲ޴档 
һеһУ˧ĶˡڷĴ£ԽԽ˧ȴԽԽ 
˸Ͳˣ˧Ҳô࣬ĿǰľʦĻڴѧáһжܸдԼͲẦõѡ 
Ȼ½ʶӣһ뵽Լ˧Ϊ㲻ʶˣҲ˼ǿȻûȥʱ嵭һаɣ 
ϴθѾûãĻóӦû⡣뵽֮ɣܵĳֽĻԻͣǿĻһаɣ𣡡 
ŵڶĳϵʱɢľĳڰգҹĹһ棬Ʈɢ 
ɵǻڴƮľ²ҡţǻȥľʱΪУһܴĿյǰ 
£Ҳ˱仯ݵϵҰȼĽŵ죬ɺɫúҡ 
ֻǰѲڵϵĺڽҡţһһΣƺϣʾʲôȴսһְɣ 
˫һ𣬺£еҲʧֹͣʹһбóûз磬ûˡ 
ȭͷ˧ϲˮķŭһʹ޷ͻһΡѺ˫ʧֱиסԡԶȡ 
ʦ˵ûǱѪȣײеġҪʦ 
뵽һνʯûʱöʯ͵ߣϾöʯ̫Ҫˡ 
ʯָ̲ÿζǺӣȴʦĹ٣ 
ǺǹɡһǺӲõҹз磬粢Ǻܴ󣬸̸͡ 
ǳˡ 
ҹﻮ£ֱֱĵڴ 
ãһźɫĸߴվĸǰӰôϤ߹ȥܿ 
ʦ 
ţ㻹ǵ⸱ϹͷӰ 
˧һֱأʦ 
𣿡ӰߵǣԼؼʱ򣬶Ըһ£һܼһΪʦ̫ʧˡ 
ʦô˵˧ʮܣɵԲͽûн㣬ͽûдͽʲô¶㣬Ǵҵʱɱλ׽ӣԴһֱ 
̾˿ʱɱҲǱƲѵ飬򲻵ѵʱҲԸϣҪɱˣʱֻѡ˷ϾֱַЧķʽ֮һ 
ǰ˧첻ټƽϣǰһжȥˣʵڲټƽϣһΣֻϣʦܹеĺ˾ȫӣϣһﾲѧΪʦ 
ŶĪ㲻뵽Ǳﵱ󽫾 
˧Цһѱˣʲôȥ󽫾ʦӵԸɣ 
Ъ˹׵ЦˣЦ֡ҹЦ˭ĺġ 
ãҽǰ˾ĲӸ㣬Ҫǰ˾Сǰ˾ɣİ˾ִӺ̸ɣ 
˵꣬һӾ˳һɵ˧ļϡǰ˧ѻᣬֻҪʣµãǰ˾ҲˡǵҪʱ䣬˧ûаգ˿ֻһ뷨ǾĶҪ 
պӣ˧칪ллʦллһֱעӡ 
ʼǱŬǶΪʦûرΪʦ½ʱ䲻ˣʵƺΪΪʦ²λΪʦع˼ԣΪʦϣΪʦٻ֮ǰѧáΪʦɻʵ۽ҵļƻеһ֡ 
˧ЩԾĲϣʦٶʣϾʦҪҲ˵ġ 
ʦΪʲôñŵأĺ 
ˣΪˣҲˡ 
Ŷ˭˺ʦ 
һˣΪʦ֤жΪʦʱҵ۷ʱΪʦһʱˡ 
ʲôˣں𣿡 
ѾûдˣΪʦźĵطûг״֣ܶڶӡ 
˧첻ɵʦģһáһǸˡ 
ͰɣˣΪʦҪµˡ˵꣬һһ⣬赽ʧˡҹһȥ˧ʮĽķҪķĻͲܵ˺ˡ 
ʦ뿪ǸͷҲǶˡ˧ֵ֪Ĵǰû˯ڶСϪץ㣬ϳ



182 ʶ

       ʱһȥ ʼʱӣ˼㣬ѪǱͽʦǱ﷢£ʱƣЩһظԶࡣ 
ʼѧϰԼÿǵģץ㣬ӾԶ˯һһꡣ 
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Ҳн˵ľȻľÿľʱ̷ɰʯΧľȫݲ 
ûͬκ˽һ仰˾ͷҲûٻƺ´ûз 
ĺڽһֱǿʯ֮Уɵóһţڽʯ֮еģºһֱʯγľԹζ첻Լ˵һԼڽʯ˳˵뿪ֵˡ 
һΣǰѺڽߣվھ޴ʯϣѾץһûж˴֣һѹڵʼӿɢͨĴζ 
ѽ 
һ˻У꣡ 
ڽʯƳ˧˦աȻ󣬰һӯת£䣬һ 
ڽγˡ˧ 
ʯһֱûлĿĽ棬ڿУ˧źڽĽ¶ãȻı顣Ϊ֮ϮһĻԺ 
ӣһΪ㱨𣡡˧ȫӽʯȥǰߴʯһֳ룬ĵطܲһƽ 
Ҿ˧ 
ʵϣ˧ʱ˵һһĻ 
Ҳ뿪ɵľҲӦһ¡ǣΪѡһѾûȥǱһû׶Ρ 
˧ʮԥҹû˯ţһҹ˼йȥ 
ڶ죬ʯĵطԼĽں뿪ȥǱߡҲûж룬С 
߾ǽʦǱѵļ԰ 
ֵ׶Զ˧첻Ҫ봩һƬ֣ûмǰ첻ġһ·ɽͷһƬ͹ȡ͹ﻨޣһԴ˧쿪ĵĵطһСϪϪˮʮ峺Լζ 
ϪˮƮϸˮĵطҡ˧һǳߵС·ţǰѺڽΪοСΨһߡ 
һСڰ׿⣬ȻһӺܱµСݡСݺСƺסģΪС̫ˡ˧컹ûмôµСݣʹСȥ 
·ܻ˧һСĻڵϣͿӵʯȥҺץסһС٣һƣӽԾ𣬷ɵǼСݵĶϡ 
ɸղȥͼֻɫɴﴩǸľ棬Ҳû˧ͣľѾ˧̹ 
ľϾľģ˧ֻúڽĽʾӦغϣ˧ɸݣһֶص似ڸС 
Ȼˣ˧ڽʮغﾹûдϼ񵽱ˣͨˣѾɴɱ 
û취˧ֻԾɵһߵĵطɷɲֻǿôϣ˧̵ôһ׷ĺɴڵϡһɴˣüУľҴһ 
ɱһƢ飬˧ڳǱˡЩ˶´֡ʿְ֮ 
Ŀǰ£˧첢ɻˣ˵Ļһġǵλ嶯ֻǹ·ˣûд㵽¡ 
˧仰ɲˣ˧졣 
ɲˣ˧ΪԼĻ££ɸǰǸշɷܹľ̹ 
Ҳԥ˧ĺڽˢش̳ľϷľ浲˧һʽּ֣ųּɢȥˡ 
߲߲ 
ɵڵϣ˧ýָסǵʺɱܺҲҶදֻ۾˧죬ʲôû˵ 
ֻһ뿪 
ΪʲôҪŪҵݶһ 
ȻˣȻëЩǸǱ˻𲻴˧֪Ĳͬ˵֣ɵָر𳤣ָûмһᳬָͷܶ࣬ǰɵָײûгָͷ̫ࡣ 
ط˭֪ûڴȥѵüӣһʱ˧ 
㵽ʲôˣ 
Ǳˡ 
Ŷӣǳ񡣡 
һˡ˧ֱӵɢˣ 
ʯǱǸһ˵ 
˧첢˺飬ȷ񹫹ǵģǶԼˡܵʦǱӵĹŻɢˡ 
 
˾ȻͬЦЦ˧첻Цʲô 
Ǹһ˵һ䣺ţƤӵģһǵһμ 
˧һĪʶҵ֣ 
˼֮ʣǸ˲һ䣺Īǻ֪ʯǱľѾǰռ˽ʦǱ 
˻һ˧ɫ̱ˣɷסĽϵĲţǼŵ



183 

       ӿˣ˧ɴ羰Ⱥɽ룬Ҷ 磬䡣ƮŰƣһֱȥ˧̫ˣսȴˣһâ 
Զ˧죬Ҳ£ߣƺ˧쵹ɣ 
ֻһЦ˧ֵɣǻңǵƤ 
ˣﲻˡ˧СݱߣϦ̾˿ҹ;ȼ⡣һ˵ҹǹ¶ģǣ˧Ѿϰˡ 
ǹⰵڿջҰ 
˧쿿һС˯ˡڶ죬֮ѡʹ۾ɿ 
Ϫˮɽ£СϪǰߣȥʦǱ··жԶ˧첻 
СϪԽԽխˮȴԽԽһߴɽ˧ǰ 
ģ֪Ҫ߶ã 
˼ţֻˮ졣˧ѲţֻԶһΪ׳۵ĴٲٲһмٲˮͣҿҪߵٲ棬һᱻٲĳȥġ 
ܾûϴ˧һװٲˮ̶ˮٲɽϸˮϵĸоʮ⡣ 
ûϴ˧ 
һ䣬ˮ̶ˮתת֮˧ӶҲˣ˳ˮתһһֶ쵽Ĵȼ䡣ˮԾһһĶסӡĶڲס֮ܿ콫֮ס 
Ϊˣ˧ƴţö޷ˮûãˮһһͷһĹ 
һͷÿͷ϶źëݺֻܳ¶棬ʬһƽҲ 
ͷˮһˮͶ˧죬Ҳ֨˺ܾãżˮֵͷ˧ƹˮֵͻȻͷͷһһ 
˰ɣٻԴԴϵŷ𡪡䣡 
˧ԥˮһɾ޴ıˮ̶ˮ߸תˮˮ˲ֹͣˮֵͷˣˮ˷֮ˮ̶ﲻˮֵͷ档 
ˮֲûб˵˧ĵһӦԣˮ﷢ӲҲûа취˵ˮֻ֣ǽŶѣԼʧȥΪʮִɥ 
ûãˮֵͷִˮһˮ˿ûԥһˮ˧ιͷ˺˧졣ˮֽŵ˧ûзأ˫һȴ 
ˣ 
ౡһ죬ˮ̶ˮˮһзǿˮףҽס˧ϸ֫Ҳɿˡˮֲ˧ˮײ֪˶ٸ˧ͷתˡҺˮǿͷ¶ˮʱ˿ 
Ҳʱˮֵͷϲһ֧̣ܶˮֵĶͷϡ̶̵˲Ǽͷε˧һᵽƴһģϵָȥˮϸ֫ɿˣţˮֹ֮ˮ׳ˮ棬߸ˤһʯϣ˼ͷ˹ȥ 
˧㻹Щ£ȥûþͱϵʹʹѣ±ˮַ˧һࡣûãˮֹͣˣӳȥˮ̶ָֻոտʼӡ 
 
𣬴ٲɳһʮꡣպɫ󹭣һɫƤ£ϴһԲεĽԲųţһɽ硣ǣɽļ 
վڴʯһ仰Ҳû˵Ƕˮ̶ˮ˧Ӷ 
Сֵܣղˮ־ң 
겻䲻ȵϻ֮⻹б𣿡 
˧̾һ䣺벻СС;˼ʦضһλң 
˵֮ͳɲޣ 
˧һʱ 
һ˧ŵˣôΪʲôң 
ҿû㣬һֱڴΪľɱ 
û˵˧׷һʲôΪɱ㾹ꣿ 
һ½ʮҵ൱סҲҳүүֶġΪҵһ̷ֱٵϼδصȵõ 
һ뵽ԼڴͰסһΪһ߿꣬˧Щж˾Ӧִ 
˧ߵСߵлл㣬Сֵܣҵľˣǣ 
ԥҽзѪ 
Żߵ꣬˧Щܡһɫ˾һǶˡ 
ķѪļ˧Сֵܣļãһͷ˭أ 
ûʦѪ 
Ŷѧģ 
Ѫ͵ԴүүҾͿʼѧѧúܿ죬һ²ͳүүļţǽ˱ԣүүˡ 
үүļܺ𣿡 
ׯ䲻ǺܴҲа˿ڣ˿ԴΪڼүүΪׯļ˵òã 
Ŷ˧첻ɵһ¾ͻܼүү񲻽֮ɣ 
Ѫ̾˿㽲ûүүǱġ 
˧ѪͻȻԾ𣬷ɵգһͷ굽ˮУʧˮ̶



184 Ѫ

       ԼĪְӣˮɽˮг޴һǷǳҪġСһõ˧Ŀɿڴ ңѪе 
˧ȥץӺȫˮ֡˾ţ֮㽫ϸȵˮгˮ档 
һɣˤʯϡС²ϣͷһ⣬طƬ 
ͨһӳΣÿ϶ϸȣƺ֣ˮס˧ֽŵľϸ֫ 
ϸ֫ϳһƬƬƬڹߵ۹⡣Ź⻬Ƭ˧첻ɵƬÿܲѡ 
ѪЦЦҴȥҵȻԸ⡣ 
˧첻ĿƺƬá 
Ѫͷǵģı֮һñѴڳǱߣɻᱻϡ 
 
˧û뵽㻹ûг꣬Ѿȳ˴ˡҸ˵١ 
ѪЦǰɣ˵ҲԵҲֻҪԺܾãˣһ԰ɣ 
˧ǵԵ޻ʣѧʮѵõΪʲôһأ 
ģм 
ˮ̶ߡ 
˧ʰϵĽ׼뿪˧ʢʱʱǻǻһйĳ嶯 
һжøмѪ޲ɢϯΪֵʱˣСܣܹʶҲһ£ҵˣлᣬϣһȱˮơ 
ѪĻ˧Щ⣺ֻأҲ뵽Ǳߣϵ·Ҳһȥɡ 
˧ĿƺûеǱ 
ѪֱˬұھﲻԶׯүүûϲңȻׯңȻҪǱﴳ 
Ȼ͸Ұɣ˧һЦ 
һ·ϣ˷Ѫи顣 
ɽһƬƽԭƬƽԭǰ˿ƽԭһǵİ˿ƽԭ˧Ѫڷڣ쳤̾ 
һߵķѪɵ˧̾ʲôӺѪᣬôǱ죿 
˧ǿһЦĽ㣬ҸոսǱһǱһñҺá 
Ѫܿ϶һҪ񹫹ɫĽš 
˻һ˧ɫˢذˡ԰ѪϾ񹫹ˣ˺ܿԼĵˡ 
˧ɫѪɵôˣ˧磡ɫôѿǲ˵ʲô 
˧һЦû˵ʲô 
ǣе㲻̫ͷе겻ӡ 
˧ܿ϶ѪǱѧһľۺ󣬾ԻЩ治̫ࡣ 
ûʲô 
òƭң֪µġ 
˧ͻȻҲǶ˵𣿡 
ͻȻķŭ÷ѪĪһԼ𾴵ˣѪսȭͷɿˡ˧һۺ㲻ңѡ 
˧֪ղʧˣæԲҡҸղ롭 
ûˣ˶в˵ʱ򡣡СĻ 
̤Ű׹ǣս㼣˧ĬšԼĵطֹͣǰվվš 
߰ʲôѪ 
վվ˧ܹĵط 
ķѪƺʲộ 
˧ƭҲƭ㣡ǵģҲ 
ѪӳһҲˣѹ飬һֵûĵط 
˰˿ƽԭħĽʦǱϧ˿̵ĽʦǱѾħ񹫹ԶʦǱĳǽ˧쾹ǰ 
˳ſڣĳ˧ͷѪ粢żİϤĳǱǱһֻ˲һˡ˾˺⣬һЩʯǱ޼ҿɹƽռ˵ķӣЩһϲ¡ 
ȴϡ١뵽ĹԢϧѾʯǱľռ죬˧첻ôһǡ 
ҲʧܶĴ̫ˣ±ȴǰСĵöࡣһߵȵõ꣬˧ͷѪ 
˿ǵĴʮֺᣬԻȵˣԽʱûǰʺ򡣷ѪƢɲãһƽӻ÷飬վ˭ǵôΪʲô㶫ԣ



185 

       ͷ˲Ǻܶ࣬ÿ˫۾ꡣ վԭҲǣҲǡӵĴƽϰ壬Ⱥ䡣ϰΪ˲ڴǰ̫ţ鷢ʼûзԣֻʹʹɫü˽Ƭˡ 
СĻ֮˧춼Щܲˣ½ִѪѵСܣԶòŸŻ 
ѪҲûд˧죬ת뿪ʱ´ͻȻվڷѪǰ档 
˧֪Ѫ򵥣Ҳæȥλֵܣе򻵵ҸǮ˵꣬·ͳöҡ 
ϷŻĿڴѪ 
ˣѣҲӣǲҪӣĻ˹ 
ž 
ƽ֮ʣѾɵϡôʮ⡣ǱĴ֪߲˷꣬򵥣ϰæʾʾɫ 
˷꣬˧ȥڴϣ˧ֵܣԺǧҵǱгǱĹأôᾪǱľӡ 
ѪмʲôҷѪϣңȻĻôȥ˧ 
ԴӽʦǱȫʹžǱ£˳Ϊ˧פؽʦǱ 
һҷţ˿ƣͷ㷹ݣ 
˧һָСܣǽȥɣ 
˧󣬷С˽ȥһͨķ꣬һ㣬ÿ㶼ֻмӡ˧˶¥ڶߵλá 
ڽڷϺ˧巽СһЦҷӦòǰһ˰ɣ 
ȷûõƾһƾЦųǵλ͹٣ʲô 
ƿƣ⡣ 
ޣϵת¥ 
Ƹ¾ʹ¥Žµĺ˧Աߵ¡λһλյһλŰѸͷͷһţǸŨü۵ļһͳɤŵģҪȥӥǱû׼ֿǻˡ 
Ǳƣò£ỤǱأʱ絽һֿⲻɣ 
ûǲãϴֵֻܶ࣬½û 
Ҳ֪νȥǱʲôԴΪǰµѾˡ 
˧˵֪Ϊʨµļ֪ӥɱû뵽¹꣬ἰˣ˧첻˶䡣 
˵ˣ䣬Сı͵ 
˭˼ǣжĺӽŵ˵Ϊ˶Ը죬ʨı˧һӥǱ 
ӥǱֻСǣž֣Ǵ˧ҲǶӣֻѪǱǴ˧֮ء 
Ҳ֪ΪʲôǴ˧ʦǱڲˣʦһʧӥ١仰ħû˵ĺ١Ǳ׾Ϊħûˡ 
˻һ䣬˧սȭͷ˿Լ 
Сܶ˧ֵǵĻ𣿡 
һ仰ע⡣˫۾ˢˢ 
ƶžƲˡڵߺӾͿˡѪ˵ʶģҹ 
Ũü۵ĺץ˸ͷݺݵСӣҿǲǲǣ֪ʲô𣿡 
ѪҹʲôˣǻҾӶ 
һܳ˧춼ĺˡ 
ã˭ 
ۺ͵һϮֿ죬ֻϵľƲ˱һɢڵأһźúõľʱƬ 
ñȸķѪѵۺһֵͷҰ 
һͷеôۺðɣͷһɨһֿأգ۾ιֻϧ÷Ѫ㿪ˡһϵķѪֵͷ򲻵Ŷ 
㣡ۺѪĸͷһһҪһ롣ͷȥʱˣֻѪץס˴۵ĸͷšһһȥƣͻȻСһ֣ۺһƨˤڵϡ 
ѪûһӴ򵹴ۺͷͷ 
ۺһµɤŵ䣬㻹һʲôֵһ 
˧һЦ˴һӲ±Ц𣿡 
һ˭Цۺһ˧ 
˧ʱ˧Ҳ˹ȥץӵĸͷץ˺ӵ°͡һǿۺһ˻жڵϡ 
˧һ߹ȥкӺ֮ˤǽǡ߹ȥ˧ýŵסӵ°͵ԺΪе㱾¾˴ܣ˻֪ 
ۺƷҲţȫţ˧һ̤ȥ 
˵ȥӥǱʲôǸֿʲôˣ 
ܴۺڶûлش˧⡣˧˵һ̤ȥ˵Ҳˡ 
жļһͻȻŵλǻʲô˰ɣ 
˻һ˧ȥ 
ӥˣ 
ӥᣬ½Ĵ̻֮һɢڴ½ʮǿ˧컹ûеǱ֮ǰʹӥˣû뵽ٴδϡ 
Ŷӥˣ 
䰺ͷ˹ڴ½ߵģ˭ӥӣ˭ɱӥˣֻҪΪӥĹУǺڴ½ġ



186 ô

       ˧Ľɿˡ Ѫ˧㵽ʲôһӥͽ𣿡 
Ѿɿ˧ϵҲκˣǲ£Ҳɱ 
ѪмǱ˭ܱɱ㲻ɱ쵹Ѫ˿ܾ㣡 
ƿˣһֱҺǸж˼ѪȫûнӥҲ 
߰ɣ˧ 
ѪʲôߣǽϵľƲŪˣ˭Ҫȥ 
½ִæλֵܣԸṩλ⣬ֻҪλٴܾУ 
ѪŵƵСĪûǮѲͲɣ 
ЦСֵˣֻüλѡ 
ѴӵͷҲҶ˵һ䣬ֻǳ˳Ѫ 
ʶʳղŲ¾˰ɣλǻ£ʧˡ 
תߣѪԾԷǰ 
ɫˣСֵǡ 
Ѫûʲôλ˵ҪҪ⡣Ҫض 
ˣȭͷҲҺ 
·ͳöҷһӣһЦˣ 
վһҲǰȥǮֱѪȥɣơ 
ֱӥһߣڲŻָƽ¥֮⣬Ҳ 
ҹɫŽʦǱ϶־»ĳǱΪսʧȥķ˧߹Ľֵ˿ԵüΪ塣 
սɵĴһֱġ빫֮ĺƽҲһֱǶݵġ 
˻ͷ㷹ݺ˧졢ѪҲ֪ȥֻһùס¡ҹĵƹùݵƣֶùݡ 
磬ܴ 
Ʊ紵öҡΣ졣ҪڽʦǱùҲа˹ҹùݵ20֮ϡ 
ƹ˧ͷѪںȾƣǶġովƱĴˡСɿߵŴš 
һźɫۣһñļһ˽һѳꪣӺܸߣŨü˫۾һɱ˵顣 
һ֣סͱֹͣ˵ֵùԵø 
͹٣ 
ꪵĺһֱģһּΪĮıŵСòһ䣺סĵط𣿡 
ģոմʯǱշѡ 
ꪵĺӵס¥ѡɣסһҪѡһٵĵطϲ˭ң˵һɱ˵ģ 
Ѫϸһ˿Ц 
˧һЦСܣǱ˸Ժܹ֣һ²Сһ£ǧ˼ҵĻϡ 
Ѫһ򿴲֮߰ˡ 
ꪵĺӾ˧ӱ¡ϱһһڵ˶ӵĲȥ 
ꪵĺ̵۾ңСû۾ 
Ѫ۾ȴҲŶԷꪵĺȻע⵽һ㣬ûκαֱ֣ҽƶ˵ǰ 
ӳһ󣬺 
ѪЩ˾Ϊǣ 
仰ǳꪵĺ˵ģû˲֪ꪵĺӵҲûмƽϣ˾ƾһ˰̳ƺͻȻ̳һӣ̳ˤڵžһ졣Ҳվһš 
Ѫ뿪ڣꪵĺ֣ꪳꪷɿѪʺ̹գ֮ӷѪʺ 
ոձһꪣһꪹˣϻɢһǿɫ壬ڳǱܵ˶֪һֶԿƶֵ 
Ѫڿʩӿȭһɾ޴ĲŹϵľƱܵܵᵽһߡ 
һƹϮꪵĺӡǣһҲûжƷӺܿɢһ紵һ 
ֻǿ˲ɢ˼ҵƷ磬˧켱ˡæ˵м䣬ֹλԹ޳𣬷ŴɱɱһԱˮƺ𣿡 
ꪵĺƺ˧컰һվһҲ 
Ѫ˧죬ÿҵҪһʲô£ 
˧컹ͣꪵĺһɨ̫ˣ˧ûзɨϷˤǽ³һѪ˵ؿڵ˧ڵϣŷѪꪵĺùݴ 
ʮغϺܿȥѪûں⣬ԽԽصƵĿܵԼܵ¥ȥˡⳡʵĴЩҲڶ¥Ϲš 
 
ꪵĺ׷ķѪԾ϶¥˺ӴܣһߡꪵĺųһƣһˮֱֶѪȥ 
ԭˮϵħʦѪһ½ɳһöɵɵ׼ֿˮϣˮһڰա 
ץʱꪶһꪻˣúõ˻÷顣ľмһ¥ڵҵϡ˧첻뷽Ѫ£ȥ˴ѷᣬ˧춼֪Ӻβ֡ 
ԥ䣬ӵꪻڷѪļ򴦣һ 
ֻѪӸߴˤڵϺ󽫵ذ嶼顣˧æɴܹȥץסѪļɳ⡣ 
磬ܴ˧ŷѪϡѪԸţ˧֡ 
ſңſңѪ 
ɣ 
ˮ˧졢Ѫգۼѵ˧ǰ˧콫Ѫ§ڻһԷˮ򡣺վǰ 
ӻ˧̵ֵܣϵĲҪһ㲻һܹʤǡ 
ɫˣͷҲطȥ 
ˣѪ˧죬Ҹ򣿡 
˧ЦҵȷҺܿ϶Ӯ 
ѪЦΪҴӮҲҪҲѧĶ 
һ仰˧Ŀɿڴ



187 ¶

       ˣҶԲˣ߰ɣ˧һЦ ѪĮĿºһЩһЦһҾˣԺҰòҪ֣ҾͲѡ 
ðɣҴˡ˧Ц첻ˣҵطŰɣ 
ֶùݣѪն 
ո˻ȥ˧һ䡣 
ѵɣ 
 
磬͡ҹ 
ֶùݵĴѾأǿټȴǷҡΣƺȴʲôѪһ˴ţܾҲšѪڴ˼ţ˼䡣 
ã㿪ˣƼǣɫʱˡѪҡ˽ȥֻùݴﻹһЩˣȼϵƵ£ҹ 
˧졢Ѫ˵ĳ֣˶죬ղꪺӵꪷѾ׼˭ΪѪ˧ҪôˣҪôˣû˻뵽һ 
ȻĻǸꪵĺӣںһƺ뽫Ϣˣû뵽ɶļһ 
ꪵļһĿŷѪ˧죬û̶֡˧첢ꪵĺӻжٹϸ𣬽ȥʱЦЦ 
ѪǴǰǸ飬Įָ߰·ֱֱ 
ٴ򶷣ֵλȥͷɣҹˡ 
ã֪ˡ˧һ 
ȥ˼̳ѪԸ 
͹٣㡭 
벻⣿Ѫɫһ 
Ŷȥתˡ 
ոߣǸꪵĺվһվڳҹĵҲվ뿪ˡ 
Ѫйȥ㻹𣿡 
ꪵĺӻشҲҲ 
ѪҲֻȼ徲ơ 
ꪵĺꪵɣ̵Ȼô˵ҲٸȥҪס´α㣡 
ŶѪȭͷ 
ꪵĺӳŷѪոոʱһֱûô󹭣Ҳ˵ûȫʶʶ㱳ϴ󹭵 
ѪЦˣþõģһ仰㡪䣡 
ꪵĺɫ̱ˣǻûж֡ 
˧칰ֵòٳˣ͵ҼֱΣλ̨ľǮҵġ 
ꪵĺӳһ۵Ҵκ˵ĶݣĪǲ 
ƶžƹˣѪꪵĺţЩ¡ƽϱλĶ׼ˣ԰ɣ 
ߺ˧ͷѪꪵĺӸ˷ܿ˧ͷѪ 
ҹȥˡ 
ֶùݡùݴĴѾ߶Ҳвڳ͡¥ϴŲס׼뿪 
˧Щһ۾Ŵ⣬װ׵Ưţ쳣 
һŲǰͣ¡ˡ 
Ѫһž͵ߣϸ 
˧ôʲô 
ѪǸ˾Ҫˡ 
ŶǸꪵĺӣ 
ҪֱŪʲôˣ 
˧Ϊʲô 
ѪҲ֪Ǹ˵һûϵĵ𣿡 
Ǳ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ˶ȥɣ 
㲻ȥѪ 
û취˧˿Ҳ֪ʲôãֻøǵðɣһжģϣסһҪ嶯Ҫ 
 
ꪵĺ뿪ֶùݶȥˣߵĺܿ죬˧졢Ѫ˸ںʮֳߵһƫƧС֣ꪵĺͻȻһƫƧСﲻˡ 
Ѫ˧̸ϣתСʱͻȻһֻߴ̹ǰķѪıֱۣѪֱǸӼѪˣ󲽿ߡѪҲ񣬷׷ȥ 
ϧǱˣֵѪԭأһãȻ˧׷ʱѪڽͷЩʧ 
һ죬Ҫҵļ¡Ѫ 
˧찲ο˵طļ 
 
ꪵĺˣѪ߽һݣֻоƲˡ˧˽ȥӭ˹ 
ãλҪʲô 
õ˧ 
ǣƺԥʲôѪ̵֮ʲôûǮ𣿡 
Ļҵ飬ת߿ˡ 
һ£ͼӥˡ˾һλã˧ͷѪʱɫΪΡ˧ͷѪҲע⵽ˣҲᣬѡһſǵλ¡ 
ƻЩ˼սͷԱߵĶȴϸ£Ҫ֣ȵ졣 
һѪͶ˧ҡҡͷģ 
Ѫҿɲôӣ㣬˧ġ 
˧ЦЦ֪ 
һ䣬ͻȻ߽ˡźɫ·дɱһ˧߿˧ĿҲϡ 
Ѫ˶Լ˶ǣ̳һţʲôǾ漸ԣ 
ˡ 
ͻȻƵ֣֡ 
ԭҲӥˡ˧֪˿ĲǣƺͶ䡣һȴ˺⡣ 
ĺչŵļһﶢ˧졢Ѫ˿ûж֣ǴǵϣԿһεɱ 
¶ˣӭ˾ͽ˵˧컹м֮⣬˽ǲֻƵȥǸŮҾ͸ȥỤ 
Ⱥȱˮ˵չŵļһ 
ҪƵ 
ΪҲˡ 
ǶԸ˧졢ѪһȾơ˧֮һЦ£ƺ¡ 
ԹǲٳԿġѪһЦ 
ⱭƣǸȥ˧ 
ŶΪʲôѪ涢˧ 
û˵и𣿱ӥץˣһͨˣԣ뿴Ǹץ˵˭˧ش 
Ѫ˧Ϊʲôӥ˸ȤҲ֪£ɵȻǿ궫һˣҲס 
Ѫ΢΢һЦãȰɣ 
ܿ죬ϵĶһɨ⡣վ͵߰ɣ



188 ӥ

       ʦǱһլլĴżλǻڴ⣬մ󵶣ĮһЩ·ȥȥڴǰţ䴦ڴַλõĺլ֮˵ļլ ˧졢ѪżӥͽǰʱƵ˽˴˺լݾߵ˧ͷѪڴŲԶ 
ʱһȥļķѪѾ޷ˡ 
ǽȥɣһ浽ʲôˣ 
ѪҪ´û˿ֹ˧ֻõҲãһҪСģĪݾߣҪ֪סĿӥ 
ƺӥ᣿ 
ûڳǱ֪ӥڴ½ϣѪħ֮⣬û˿Ըӥһֱ֧ŹûܣԺܶ࣬Ծ㹫ĻʵۣҲδػǡ 
ŶѪЩ⣬˵ǻǲҪЩΪʲôҪأ 
˧ЦĻͲ 
ѪһЦһ㣬Ǻơ 
ߵΧǽ˧졢ѪԾ档һլλһܴĻ԰԰໨ݣ̳λһСͤӣСͤӵĸСˮأˮˮ峺ޱȣһЩСš 
϶û˲飬˧һϷ£ͤŷѪϡ˸շ 
ǴӶġ 
סһҪŮỤһۻ 
ƵһףˣڳǱļһһǸսģһǱźڴ󹭵꣬˲ȻǶȫûнӥ˿ܻỵһ£Сϣܡ 
ã֪ˡǸ 
ˣСǾ͸ 
֪ǿҪ˧ͷѪʹɫвܿ죬֨ѽһȳƣžǶ䣬ȻˡǸӥһֱڷû 
ƺͶСͤ߹һͨС᷿ȥƿǼСֻ᷿С᷿һﴩһɫףһѶذף̧ͷ֮ʣȴһƯŮӡ𪣬㡣 
˧첻Ҹϣ˼᷿ŮӣֻܵƺͶܿ죬һŮ˳һ˧۾ֱˡŮǱˣȻݵĽ㡪ϼ 
ûмֻһۣ˧֮ܽϳǰںѪ֮龰Ժͷ˧ȭͷ߬һ£ȲϼͷѾȼǣլڣǸصĶڣ׾ȳǲܵģֻܵƺͶٽˡ 
˿̵Ĳϼͷңһɫ۾ںڵģһ鶼ûС˧䵽ӥͨûкôϼܹסһ˵мֵӥʹˡ 
ʲôֵ 
ߣڲϼһѡһƱҲأһûŮȻǺصġϼƺӻ˻ΣˤһӡһԼߣʲô 
ӾҪô㣬ӥǱ͵˵úܴ˧ĶˡȭͷţĹǼ 
û뵽ССĹǼȴ˷ǸصĶֻǸ𣺡ʲô˲ڴˣ¶ 
ѪԥȻ㷢֣Ҳٶȥ 
ѲǷѪƵʱˡǺܿ죬߾ŸͷС֣ȻҴլ 
˧Ҳվϼ˧죬۾һɺһ˧죡 
˧˵ͷ۲ϼ㣬ˣһֱ㣬û뵽ֳ档 
ԭһģչŵļһ³һ仰 
˧һģλҵѡ 
ѡ 
ƺһӰӷɳֻ̳ڵһʯվһߴĴɫ۵ˣŨüۣǸʣ˫ۻţһгģ 
ΪΪ˱ضħ߳Թս˧Եú侲ûкֻѪӵλǰ˶۸һŮʲôӢۣб¾ͷɹҵ 
ض¶ŪЦݣһʯϣò³֣㡪䣡 
ֱͺ̶ܴˣοѪҪǿ͵ˡһ䣬ҲλضӲսһԾ߿պѳһơ 
һŨƳɫƺס֮Ǻܿɫűһصɢָɫڵգۼ䣬ָѾָϣһǿĵ棬Ѫֻñ˵һ¡ 
ֱֱڲ࣬ƺҪƵġѪɫ䣬һֱֵ۴ţһϣԼԷƹȥ 
䣡 
ƴһ⣬߻һŹضȥָǰʱתЮһʱһϷѪ 
ɲǼ䣬һˮǴӷѪƴڶֽŵһ䣬ˮȥٶȺǺܾ˵ġ 
ԭΪһҲܱ˶֣Ƕûȣ̤סѪݺѹѹ½ִܿ﷽ѪƴѹȥͽڡѪɫʱּѵı飬³Ѿһڡ 
Ҳðԥһָ˧ĺڽĲӣԭһҲѽֱƲǣȻöָЮס˧ĺڽһɽ򽣱˧ֻһɵԼͷ֮С 
ϵħ͹ϵħͬһ࣬һħʹڿʼʱʮþս˧һ㡣֪ƾܼʮӶס 
˧ӿһѪסεĲ䣬ǣ֮ԽԽٲֻ»ž 
һȥֶָйղżסģһ֮ʹ˧Ĵԣľͬʱˤͤӵһࡣ̳ذʱƻӸɲϼһɨȣɨڵϴһͷһڻ̳ڵĻﲻˡ 
Ҫǲϼʱ֣˧ͷֻ룬һɸм֮ӿԺ˧øǶĶ֣þȫƳһƣʱǿĻֱɶ沿û뵽λʿȻó˺ϵħʱ 
ؾȲϼ˧ס֣ܿʧںլڡϷתţ洫׷Һ˧һƫƧС뷽Ѫڡ 
ɶ׷ţ޷ֳ˧ߵķ򣬷ȥֻա 
׷ɢ˧ųллأһ 
Ѫû뵽ӥħ˸ǿ 
˧⻹ǿأħĻ᳤ֻѾûˡ 
Ѫ̾˵ǱҿԺúѧѧ 
˧ûܵΣգǲ֪ǱյġӥˣǵСЩ 
ѪǱϾӥĵˣҲòŵġ 
˧ЦˣһĻѾӥ嵥Ա֮УߵֻҪӥĻͽǶкӹ 
ֻҪģòź¡ 
˧ĵĲǣǸʡ 
Ѫʲôˣ㾹Ȼʶ 
һ˵󣬷Ѫ֪š˧ļǰο˳СҲҹ¶棬ƫƧСֵ



189 

       һùҪ䷿˧ͷѪֱ˸Եķ䡣һ䣬˧ɵϣڽװľܿиһѪˮ˳Ѫˮڵذʱ˧һ һ³һѪ 
ѪˮЦܼһǲˣӥ֮Ȼ򵥡 
۾˯ʱѾˣǹá죬˧ʵʲôˣ 
Ƶ͹٣ϢһˣҪҪԵģ 
ȥ˧ش 
ץ𽣣˧šճȥͼѪվ˴˼ʲô߹ȥ˧ʲôˣȥȵ㶫ɣ 
¥ϡɢĿˡѪ˧һЦǼӥˣ 
˧춢ŷѪЩ㲻Ǹ𣿡 
ѪһҪ 
ȷϵǰѴһֱûжܽɱĴһͬ졣 
˧һЦǼһӥܾͻ 
Ѫƭ֪ͷġҪ㷢ǸɫǶû 
˧һʱס 
Ѫŵô˵ҲῴˣһǸǸʿʵһϵħʦ 
˧ЩΣҲ֪νֻͣõЩҽҲûãĺĻͲԼѱӥץˣҲòǰװɵ 
Ѫƺˡ 
һ¥Ѫ˧˵Ʊһӵ飬ȾƵ˲ȾƣǲȤأ 
峿 
ù߶˧ø磬һȥзѪˡ÷Ѫ˯ķȴʻƣشǣոճȥ 
һѪˡˣ˧̵㵽ʲô 
ѪܣΪʲôУ 
 
ʦǱﴦ 
ơϼ˸·ǰ棬ֵŴһҡһţձɹ£Ǻϼ˫ֱţͷţʮңΪ汻ƵĹϵֻŶĲߵúܿ졣»棬ڲϼ棬һҲ 
ձɹʮջ𣬺ˮһֱʵµģҪһҲҪˣһɱǵԡ 
һ䣺ˣСŵˡ߰ɣҪǱС׷׼ûġ 
ǵСʲôʱһأ 
һƣ˵ҪСĵ㣬ϴβһ飬ûˡ 
ת˵⻰ʲô˼ĪΪǿűסģ 
ˣҲˣʱ䲻ˣɽͷͽԭڳù˯һǾͻ֣ʱһ໥Ӧ˺˭ûкô 
ƺһһ䣺Ϊʲôġ 
һҩζϼתȦ룬ܼ֮ĳޣô˵л 
ͷɨɨλĪˣǹ۶ѡ 
ʲôӣӣ캦ˤһڻʹأ˵Ӱǵ·վɹϼ죡 
ߣ죡𣿡ϼЦҪỤ֪ǸҰ;£ǵնǲɡ 
ӣƳһƴڲϼϡ 
ܵһϮϼˤڲݵϡƻ񫣬ȥץֻ䵲סˣˣƣûӣѾͷⵣǵʱ䣬Ϊľͬ㲻һ㶼֪ɣ 
ڶһѵѾͷƾʲô˵첻ѵӵûط 
ûнûнỤ 
ƺʱ˴ȭͷյýģһŶԷþõġ 
ϼջûǷĿ佫ϼƨһѾͷô㣬ʲôҿΡ 
磬ɽ·ߣռɽһӣӵϿմƣ˵ÿ͡ҲǳΨһһùݣڳ⿪ĵȻƽ֮ 
ùݻģһ¥ΪѺڣÿ¥϶ŵƻ𡣴ûйأƤµվ⣬࣬ƾѾߴңһˡ 
ڳΪгǱûж˶Կ¥ùݣȴͬˣƺͶ䶼Եúܹء 
ѺһŮӣصλҲûдʣƵ˽롣ܴмпյģ¥϶߶¥ϵϻһЩĿˡ 
ڴߵһӱߣһλٵŮӣŮԼĪʮ⾰öׯƯֻһֱֱ㷢ʮָŪɪңﶯˣ޲˾һϣڲ˽ͭͲڡ 
һλĵ˽ͲλŮӳ΢΢һЦˡ˶˵Ϊʲô൯أոպڣǻûأ 
ǰǰв˶˵ 
Ů΢΢һЦҼ£СŮˣɣ 
 
ƴ·ͳһö˵ıͲڡҸոͲˣУһҪ 
Ůƿ˿ѻӶһöҴɳıӣҼƵıǶ˼֮ɴЦ 
Щʲô˼Ҳûɣ 
Ůӯˡ˶űͲҲܿʧһλ˳λֵӭҹĺùݣ֮⻹뺣ոСŮٵף¡ 
ԭǵ֮ŮƲתʧȺС¥ͲϼߡϼָûȤЦﶼֲô 
㡭ƽͷ 
ѽϼһЦһȥҲԼͷնˡ 
̵Ҷ˵㣬ξɣʱһ˵ 
ߣ 
һȭϣ֨ԺʱͻȻߣɫˣ̽ϼסߡ 
˧졢Ѫǲܿ϶ƺͶǷ񽫲ϼڳһҴùݵˣǺܴ 
¥ɨһȦƺͶӰ˧ʧһﻹûǾϼɣӦ֮ڻǼˡ 
ѪǸвϼŮӼȻѪħ̵ˣδҪһҪôΪʲôžأ 
˧ΪֵþȵˣҴǡӦνǷԻͣһ֮Ϊ㡣 
ѪѪħͽҲǰɱ֣һܻ㲻 
˻žΪ̹ЩҾšѾʧȥѣϼŮҵļֵ̫ˣʧȥ½ûѡ 
Ҳ𣿡Ѫ˧졣 
뵽Է񹫹ˣ˧첻ϲ 
ش𣬷ѪԴһܴﵽѵı׼ 
ôأ˧ҵľˣʼǷġ 
ѪɫˣŵҲ֮£Ҿ㲢Ϊľˡ˴ʩ֮ˣעǻΪˣҲˡ



190 ˭

       Ѫĸԣ˧Ҳ˽⡣ ҲһִǵˣҸϢɣٺȼ 
ѪɫûкҲûа취ðɣȥ䣬㡣 
˧쵽¥ȥˣڶ¥϶䷿÷Ѫ˧ڳùݺȵһֵ¡žƮƺһжҪˡ 
ҲǸղĵò֣˺ȾʱĬšܿ죬ƵǡҹˡùݴȾƵԽԽ٣˧Ѫʾʾɫ 
վ׼Ϣʱ˧ͻȻסˡһѶذ׳ڵذϣذ׺ϼһѡ߹ȥذף𽣱ķâ 
ķѪĪƺͶ 
˧΢΢һЦʱӦþ 
ѪôɵŶô϶ 
ذģôͲҿ϶ذǲϼµġ 
Ѫ˵˾ùݡ 
˧ҹˣ˯ɣһжд𰸡 
ѪΪʲôһ»أ 
˧Цһùǲй¶ԱϢġ 
 
峿ⴱùݴ¥ 
һصڵŴɨŷ䡣Ѿˣڲ߳峿õĸ·֮ʱһϵΪ˸·඼ 
˿̣һ˧ˣΪ˸·ǹ۲ƺͶǷϺܿȥûмˡ˧߳ͷһţѪڴڡ 
Ϊˣ˧ʮƵ˼Ѫǲġ 
Ҵ¥ѪҲûд 
СܣΪʲôôˣ 
ô𣿡Ѫ 
˧Ҳô˼Ҳ֪Ǽ˿¥ϣ㵲ǵ·ǲġ 
Ѫǲǵ£٣ǻһŶӣԿǣң 
˧Ǻܴܿ¥ߣһ㲻᲻װɣ 
Ѫ£ƾʲôҪķԸֲѣ 
ΪĻ˧һЦԲ𣬷ֵܣԭġ 
ѪĪҲѪħ̵ģ 
˧ҡҡͷҲǡ 
ѪȻǣΪβܽҵѣ 
˧ȾȳϼȻ㡣 
ãһΪ 
ʹʹɫװ뿪ˡùǱСһݴʧǣһҲƺͶӰ¿ɼ˷Ѫ 
ҹڵЩ·ˣ˧ͷѪ׼ùţ±һ﷢֡ǣɴҹڴﶼˣҹҲѡն֦Ҷ̳ʱĵ̾ͿϢˡ 
ڶ죬ոв˳·˧ͷѪڲݴȴţ쵽ʱƵ 
һӦõǰȥ˰ɣ׷һߵÿ죬ǿԷˡ 
ҿһûгֻס 
ϼ廰һǻǣʱǻǻ 
ƨƵǵӥˣΪǻܻܾ𣿶ѾӦǶԸǣӥǱỤڣǻѡ 
ڳһỤԲס 
յ˵۾ֱˡֻǸǰĺȻˡ 
ôᡭ 
˧ǺһЦϴǵ쿴Ҫ 
 
Ƽϣøͷסϼʺ벻ӣ 
˧ɫˣû뵽ƻ˱ɣҪЮ 
Ѫ˿ûжݣвҸֲʶɱҲûʲô콫Ǽաһ䣬׼֡˧һƻڷѪıϣ֮ڵء˺ϼ 
Ѫһƺ˹ȥ 
˧콫ѪΣЦҪȻһû˺ҡ 
 
ϼ˧죬һߣ۲һѪħͽܽʶ˧кס 
߰ɣ˧ 
ԲУƻش£񲻻û 
ǲǽżỤģ˧ 
ĪҲ䶢˧ 
ҴӦ㣬ֻҪǽ£Ҳȡǵ 
ǿܣ㡣թ岢ֵǮ 
ıǮ˱ˣֻ·һ 
˧ȭͷסˣսɱ⣬ûɱˣ˱ɣӿɱ⡣ǣΪ˲ϼİȫܳ嶯ֻ÷ſһ·ǺݣŹǣˣȡǵ 
Ƶ˵ɣôԶ˵ʲôأߣ䣡 
סϼĲӣһѺŲϼͷϼʺֻܽҪ΢һͻû˧첻Ҷֻ뿪 
ƺͶ뿪ã˧һѪѡһѹѪס˧½˧죬ΪʲôҪ͵ϮңΪʲô 
˧֮סһߡƬ̣ѪµôҪǲϲ 
˧컹ǳĬ֪δ 
һֱûнҵѣڻңðɣȻˣھ͸ֶҲͬİ˭Ҳʶ˭ 
˧̲סԲ𣬴ϽһֱѣֲҵѡΪǲһһֱûи㣬ħˣŴһͳħʧȥɽһֱҵ룬֪ϣõڶôܣսһ໥ɱɱһôΣΪλҪԷѣ 
һϯ˵Ѫʱסˡ 
ܿ죬ԭô£ԭħˣȻˣľǲѡ 
Ѫħˣ˧ϣһλйѡ 
ЦڵˣǸҡ 
ѪĻش˧⣺㶼Ե񹫹ΪʲôȥħڵħѾһҲòŶãħ񹫹ͽʨ𣬵ʱ뷨ͻ仯㴳һϾڻᣬʮ˭˲ţ 
㣡˧¶Цݻش 
㣿ʲôã 
ɲ԰ɱƺͶ䣬ߵòԶڵֻļá 
ԲֻͬҲٸ档Ѫ 
Ȼˣ߰ɣ



191 

       ƺͶΪߵúܿ죬һ·ƺûͣ˧ͷѪһЩʱ䣬Ѿ˦˺ԶʦǱӥǱ֮Ǻ˿ֻ֣ʱꡣ û֪ΪʲôǴ˧ʦǱ˶ѡӥǱʵϣӥǱȫΪ뽣ʦǱܽһʦǱľǱӥǱΣս൱ 
ȻǴ˧֮뷨žһƽյ롱Ǵ˧뷨񹫹սŰܵ£Ȼˡ 
ʧȥ֮һĽʦǱħʧǺܴģǴ˧ȻѾѡ񣬹ҲýܡϾ֮⣬ҲûһλԸǴ˧ȵĴ˧ 
˧ȥӥǱĿģһǾȲϼһҪǴ˧ʧܣҲϣǴ˧ǰ 
ƺͶٶ֮죬˧֮⡣һƺͶŲϼһӥǱȳϼԲס 
ӥһѪħ̻ûвϼʧٺη֮ǰ뵽˧ĽŲӿˡѪȴպ෴ӡ 
λõ֮ˣ˧Ҳ죬֪ٶȲ׷ƣǰܿˡȼʱҲ˵ҵ㶫Ӻ˧˯ˡ 
ڶ˧ķѪŵ߰ɣѡ 
Ѫ 
˧׵ٶǾȲˣҵüӿ첽ӡ 
𣿵ס׷һܶαأ 
ѪĻ˧ŭ𣺡ҵ²ܣ㲻˵ 
ѪЦڵӲŽˣΪʲôǵأȻҪͲƺͶߣ 
һ仰˧ʮŭϸ־Ļе 
˧侲ࣺ㽲öԣҵȷˣҵ׷ʲôҪסǡԶûлȵ 
Ѫһ 
仰˧Щʧ䡣룺ʲôʱ 
ѵһܣһ䡯 
˧첽еٶǾ˵ġֳ˴ֺӵٶȡʱ˱һ컹ľ롣·ǲûаСߣֱ·ֱУ;аܡ 
Ų˧ͷѪͻһȺİ׼䡣˧ͷѪɹȥ˲Զ 
βһֻʮºŴ󵶵סˡоȻϼϼסڵϣҶ˧컹֪ʲô 
ǸŮϵǮƣǷһ·һߴ˻Ŵ󵶵 
ϴӣ㲻Ҫ̫ʢӺǵģϴôƻǿĹأ 
ԭǿΪǮƶУ˧ˣȻǿǲӺϼ˧̹ˡܾ˺ٳȲϼöࡣ 
ǷѪͻȻǰȥǰ˧ԴʮջΪѪôǻԼĴ¡侲ûйȥ 
ѪĳǼʮ⣬ΧסǼӣѪǿǿȻܣһ˱໥ִٳ֡ 
ʮ˲СĿ˧е淽ѪġڵϵĲϼѪȻʶûкϾûм˧졣 
ʲôˣǿͷǰ棬Į 
ѪҲǿͷߣȴηɫֻǹ·ġ 
Ŷ·ġǿͷ֮ЦǿҲЦ 
ЦʲôѪ 
ǿͷֵûʲôֻϣֵܽǮĶڵϡ 
ǵѪĶҲ١ѪҲɵŶб¾͹ɣ´ϴ߶ 
ϣǿһ֣ǿɿܹǿܹΧסѪ˹Ѵ̵ӲͬλѪһ̺ĺܺãƺ޷죬ôڷѪ֮ǣѪʧԭء 
һһ˵ƨϣ֮˸ͷ͡ĸֳ̡ηѪûٸǻᣬһ֦Ȱ˸ûȶԷӦѾ֮ڵء 
վһߵǿͷƲ뻽˿ޣȴѪǰ档ǿͷ֪ǿ֣˼ɴڵϡ 
ʱ⼸ǿȻǣ߲ϼ˧첻ԥһơһȥǣϼǸǿѽؽһڵϡ 
ϼǰ˧֮һЦ㣬ּˡ 
ϼɫЩǰлл㣬˧졣콫ɿ 
ذһɢ 
ûе˧췴ӦֻѾĲϡҲֻвϼŸҺȻԼ˧΢΢һЦһжȥˣ㰲ȫˡ 
ˮڲϼջ䣬еܣˣһֱû㡣ǰ˵ˣڰ˿ƽԭսϣǶҶİΪһѪħͽѾˣֻҪҾͻô塣㡭㡭 
˧š 
ô£ôû£ 
˧ЦЦѵ²ɣ 
˷ֿˣȥϼϵˮ˧˿̾ǰչԼĽڸҪ˵İһλѪħͽʵһĪڴˡŮûа飬˸̸ϰ 
Ѫ߹ʱϼĿƹȥ 
λǡ 
˧ܣ·ģѪҳ֮ΪСܡҲɣ 
Ѫڸǣ󲻿ԽҷСܣҷѪˡΪҲѣֻʶѡ 
ϼٺò 
ѪһЦѪħ̲Ѫħ̵ģҾһٴΣҪɱңһᶯ֡ 
ȻϼйĹأǱгǱƶȣ̻Ҳн̻Ľһеģ͵顣 
ҿó˧컹иġ 
ϼǰʶһ󡣡 
㡭 
ϼɫͻȻˣ˧ذ׶˹ȥڱǰҲԽҽ㣬֪𣿡 
Ѫħͽˡ 
˧ֻýܣ֪ʲôһΪʲôӥץ㣡 
ϼûʲôұӥץĶһֱӥҵ׷ɱֱǰƺͶˡ 
ȻڽʦǱץ˵ȥʦǱô£ 
ҡϼ˼ΪʲôҪ㣿˵Щûǲ֪Щ 
㲻˵Ҳ֪Ѫһ졣 
λ꿴ȥ 
ѪǰȻû˧죬ôһʦǱĿֻһǾǲ˧ǲˡ 
ֲ²⣬˧ϼƹȥϼϻģ˧˼ֲñֳɲǼľٶʵġ 
˵ҡҿûôϼˡ 
˧첻ΣæѪЩûǱ˵̫ˣҿõѶʧȥʵ֮䣬Ȱ 
˻һϼƺЩʧ䡣۾Ȼࡣ



192 һʱ֮

       ѪϾǷѪôں˵Ŀأ˧췭Ͼ¶ʧȥ˧ʧȥһ˵ѡ ðɣҲ˵ˣϣװɵġ 
˧һЦ˾ˡ 
ϼ˵ӥǱԶˣϢһ·ɣ 
ã˧ͷѪͬش 
ӥǱѪǱͽʦǱ֮䣬һܹ˿ڲĳС˿ڲ100ĳΪӽĹϵԵرӵ˭Ҳ֪Ǵ˧Ϊ˾ڲܵеСǡ 
ӵнʦǱΪϵСΪʦǱôΣգĳòһЩ̷Ǵ˧֮ǲúͽʽߣѪǱȥˡ 
ûطȥӿӥǱ󲿷ֳΪؤֻٲǿ˵Ӷ 
˧Ͳϼڵڶʱ£Сţ˧Щʧ䡣Ҳ֪ӥǱû뵽˹ģѹֻ˵ʦ٣ӥ 
Ѫǰ棬ʿڼŽǱԱ쵽˧졢ѪͲϼʱʿͣ߾Ǳˣ˧Ѿϰˡ 
ʲôˣǸ 
˧ѪǱˡ 
Ŷ˧죬麯˭ġ 
һʱ治֪λشһߵĲϼ̵ʶ̻½ϰ壬֤ǵ֡ 
̻ǹľ֧̻ڹ־ʱֹܻ֧ˣ̻ǹһҪ֯Ǻϸ˶Եˡ 
½ϰѣ 
ϼģʵϴġֻǲһѡ 
ˣ˰ֵã㣬߰ɣ 
˽ӥǱ˧첢ڼǴ˧ϼһӣܿͷ֡һƹ󣬵Ҷ˾Ʋˡ 
˧ϼһЦϼ㣬ûиһȾˡ 
ϼҲǸ˵𣿲Ҫҽ㣬ҪǱʿ֪һġͽҲϼˣҲġ 
Ѫ廰ǰ˼ֲ㣬αôأ 
ˣϼһŪΪʲôӥһֱץ㣿֪ʲôܣ 
ϼһھƵ㲻Ǳ֮ˣҲ㣬Ҿʲôã֮ǲġ 
˧һ֪ĳҪǺΣյģ罫ܸѪħ̵ˣӥͲӺˡ 
ϼԵĻȻôҲܡ 
ŶΪʲô 
ϼѪħ֯ܵḶ̌ÿͽԼְ˭ҲԽǵְΧ򣬾ͻᴥ̹棬ֻһǾǣ 
Ѫ˵ΪѪħ̵˻൱ࡣ 
ǡ 
˧ˣ׼ôߣ 
ⱭƣҾ͵ˡϼ 
˧мʧò֮Ҫߣ 
ϼ΢΢һЦľˣһֺαһ˵ֻѣģĲ롣 
˧𱭵һ 
뱭һ˫۾עŶԷ۲šһ̣ϼﺬʲô 
ִϼ˧ţѪվһߡ 
ܣҪˣñء 
һģϼ㣬ҲҪأסʲôҪǵøҡ 
ϼٶ˵ֱ߽ȺС 
治˽㣬ϲԷһȴҪֿ۲ۣѪ 
ۣ˧̾˻ŸһֻΪôͲˡ 
 
ӥǱĴ˧ȻûнʦǱĴ˧ɣǴ˧֮ѡǣǹΪյ˹̴ӽʦǱѪǱѪǱľӼһγһ֧Ϊǿľӣ֧ЧӦǾһ浲ס񹫹Ĵһ滹Թ 
ӥǱѪǱԶ֣һ˿֣һ췼ܴ֡ɢ塣罩ʬ塢塢塢塢塣ЩԽֵⲿһֱһв 
ӥǱֻһȣǱסӥǱƽ̻ԱʱԱ㲻õоǡһǣ˲ԵõƲԳǱͷɱ¾ 
ӥǱѳɶ֣ˣ˧ڵħʦͳϻᡢ̻ᡢ߹ÿ춼ǰμ˧ᡣƻ 
Դ˧ܰ˿ƽԭǴ˧ùλŽ˿֣ش죬ڴһƬǴ˧ڴʵۺ󣬻ʵ۶ʮʧҪѪǱĻʵðȻǴ˧˽뽣ʦǱܻܿγ˲ϵĶϽء 
˧㣬ղҰճֻдѪǱʵεĴ˧ſܵõһʱĥϡһδʧܣĻʵ۾񼸶ȱһöӣǾʮǰһμƻǾħ˼ƻ 
˿̵ӥǱ൱ΣգԵĵ˲ʯǱ񣬶ǽʨı졣ʨǱʦǱӳǱʦǱʧȥСǱܵӳǱͽʦǱǴļлӳǱıԸҪǴ˧ı߾Դˣʾ֧֡ 
ʵϣ֪֮ҪҪǴ˧ı߾ֻϣܹõСǣԱȻʨӳǱ 
ԸʨǱͳȨҲ񹫹һǱΪ˿ΪΪһСǶ 
˧ڵǴ˧ȻҲӵսÿ춼ţǴ󸮸ڵһ춼ûֹͣ˿̣Ǵ˧ڵ˼ģǴ˧֮⣬ûһվġ 
Ǵ˧֪˧֮λߵͷʧ䣬ϯλϵһ 
һλҴҽıԱĽŲǴ˧˵̸ʷǴ˧˻֣˵Ļֹͣ 
սΣǴ˧ʵ 
˧ովսѾɥʣµħʦʿǻڷսһ̰ܾԶ 
Ǵ˧ϵľɨڵϣŭôħû˲𣿲ܣΰħġ 
Ӷ̵˧ϢŭһӢġ 
ǣĶأħ˻ûҵħĹħ˾кã 
Ӷģ˵ħѾֻϢỹûȷ֤ݿ϶Ǹˣ϶Ǹ˽ҵֻҪħһֱȥܻлġ 
ƽһһ˧ģڽʦǱѾ湫ʮأǸãʮ̣ѾˣӦýøˡ 
泤Ҳܰɣ˧ѪǱ֮ǻصǣһн˾ 
һ˿Ц߽Ȼ⣬أɫҰ׵˼һ䣬ΪӥôӥǱݡ˧ΪʲôһλᣬľӾһսأ 
ľݶϷԭ㵱Ҳжʮˣҵ˧ʱ仹˧֮λóССĳôҪ𣿵ѪǱŻʵһţʵ۲㣬һѪǱܵӴΪҪһʱ֮أ 



193 Ҷ罣

       ҡһɫ˵һߡ ӶܵĻǻԼִ£ڿڰһҪ׼ǵľӻûѪǱͻɥʧ 
Ǵ˧һغӶϣ̾˿лл㣬ӶϣЮҶʮꡣ˵û㣬ûĳĽ졣ȻԵĽʧܣûЮҲڽʦǱδ˧ʮꡣĻһΪҪ飬һһǻأ¶ǳһ㣬ҾһѪǱĴ 
ʲôһڣǸԭĳ̾ 
ô𣿡Ӷһ۵ 
ûûʲôԭε 
ȥɣȻѽܣΪ˹Ҫ㽫һɵĳɫЩǴ˧ͳ 
ԼȥԭʮѹֻдԼ˭뵽ܵԴˣֱĸоǣԼ˭Ȩأ 
 
°ɣÿҪԱý˱Ϣ֮Ҳϣʲôʧ 
 
Ǵ˧Ϣܿ촫ӥǱĳȻͬҲҪžһ뿪ĳǱ̻ᡢħᡢӶᡢӪǱ֯׼ˣ˿̵ӥǱԵúܻңֵߵĳš 
ϢȻҲᴫʨıмϸõϢıȻʮ˷ܣϾԲٻ͵һǣͿʹõսƷ 
Ųõ˧ȻҲõϢ֪Ǵ˧Ҫʮջ𣬾ȥ㱻Ҳ޻˵ 
ϣܿһƣȻһߵķѪѪһҪȥңҲͱˡ 
Ѫʲô£ 
ҪȥǴ˧Ҳܽƻȥħ˲սþ򡣡 
ѪЦսû˻ѡˣħѾûԿܹǳ£ٿԱסΪõѡ񡣡 
˧ûٶ˵վˣûʱЩˣʧ㡣 
ѪҲվҪߵĻΪʲôң 
㡭 
ѪһЦ԰ѵҲܸȥ𣿡 
˧ЦϾħòż 
ѪҲǸ˵Ҳû˼ֻϣѧ㶫Ҳ֪ڳǱãûҲûдľ飬ѧЩҸֻ˶ѡ 
˧쵭ܻΣգǰսˣȥõѣһȥ˵Ǵ˧ʲô뷨˵ὫҵɼϸɱҲһ 
ѪˣȻ취һУ߰ɣûҵıҪĪ㲻ң 
 
˹ݴ֣ٹ־Ǵ˧һټ֣˧ͷѪ˧ţ˧رš 
ֵϵ˺ܴҴңвҪæµš 
˾ǽϵؤһУ˼ֵ֮֮˧ͷѪ·ʱȻв˹֡ 
˧ûдǣֱ˧ܿ˧ǰ˧ǰڶ࣬ʮλλѲţ˧Ҫôס 
ڴžվţ˧첻Ҵ롣 
Ѫ֮洳ȥλܿͽ֮Χ˧֮Ҳ˽ȥ 
ʲôˣҴ˧ 
˧͵ǴӽʦǱģ˧죬ǰǴ˧ĵ£Һ 
һƷǶӳ˧ͷѪԵǿ֤ھȥ˧ 
˵꣬˧졣 
ûУ˧͵˧ʶңȥ˵˧֪һǽȥġ 
ӳıЩڿܲУ˧쿪ᣬֻڻʺϴ롣һ˧ģɣ 
ѪҲġ͵ý˧ 
˧֪Ѫ³嶯½ִ󣬹ȥȰˣ˧ĺæǻȥɣ 
Ѫ 
λӳѪ˲ʶ̧٣ƽһλСֵ˧ãʲô¡ 
˵꣬һѳ 
âѣĿ 
ӳĽҲڲš 
һս⣬˧˿ˣһһվ˱ߡѪվţ̬ȻǰɫĴ硣꣬˧첻Щĵɫܹÿģ֮⣬˧Ҳڶˡ 
ӳӺЦЦСֵܣõǼҲɣ˼˵۸㣡 
Ѫòšҵļˣܹʵ̫ˡ 
仰˧Ϊзܹɱļ֣һѰѪļһ൱ɫ 
ӳòŵŶ治СС;񣬿һսҴĻɥǺ 
ϻˣְɣѪĻ 
˻һ˵ˡţ˧ǸԹߣҲúܽš 
˧ħ䲻Ǻ˽⣬ҲʶѪˮϵħ 
ԱߵǵȻһսûһ˻֣˵һߡԽԽš 
ʱһȥ˺ܾãĳ˿Է֮⣬ûг֡ù߶Щɥ֪Ǻʱ֡˧ôĿģֳ֣ʱƬ̼ܾʤ븺 
 
ڴҵȴУѪȥٶ֮˲ţһˣȥȴһӰӣӰӳתβ֪κηֻзڶϵĻҳ洵ɡ 
ֻӰڳвϲţ߲߲߲߲ 
ܿ죬Ӱ߿գȭʱ֮ڶϸۿ˧춼ֲ˭˭ѷĿ첫ʧȥá෴ܳΪ谭 
Ѫѡ첫ǵģʧȥμĻᡣӰ߶Զ䣬żһݰӰһߴӰ෴ת෴ÿһôλ 
תۼӹȥ˵Ĵԡ 
û뵽֡ 
ǰʵħ˲ŻϧǲԸְô᣿ 
ǵ̸˧ֻÿЦǶôϣѪħϧǣ˲ƫƫ񹫹 
飡 
ѪĳһˮֱӳʱԷסɾߴڿһôϵҶɣҶ׷ɵߣӰҶ䡣 
ѪҶסγһҶ򣬷ҶڷѪƸһټУдŵƺҪһУһɣҶӳȥķҶһһסʲôɲǼһѳҶ̽˳ 
̷ֱѪţ׼ĽʤһСλζ䣬ƫˣû̽ѪţǴһ߲ȥ



194 

       ɫĶˣӳƴһǿΧţţ˫һڣһ״Ѫܹգۼſڵ˷Ѫǰ Ѫָצ״⵶һͷץͷ֮Ϻͷһһڵҡţ޴ѪֱƺҪ۶ϡǾһƣһȥʱǿʱִһԣܿͷ 
һν㹻򣬾޴ͷϮСһεˮɢȥӳɫˣ൱ѿһ12һ顣ӳǲԼܵģסոɢȥһڵ˫ƴһģתˮˡ 
˧࣬ڴ½ôãȻ֪ħһü˽ʾʲôæ֣Ҫ 
Ѿˡӳȥħˮڿбһ澵ӣһű䶯ˮˮ©ֹȥеһΧǰˡ 
Բ©ˮѪûڳһʽһǿţžһˮӴһö 
ˮٳӳˮһġ˧־ϲҲżǡ˫ճӳ֮ʣͻȻԾһӰ֮һӰһƺιȥʱ֦۶ˡ 
Ӱڳʱ˧ϳӰ泤ϡ 
泤ǽǴ˧ӶһֱӺӳϵħ൱ǿ˵ħںӶϡ泤ϣ˧ֵ̹泤ϡ 
泤ϳ˧һۣ˿ƽԭһսԭ㻹š 
˧ͷעңһһ˧ģϣܸһᡣ 
泤ϲɵոλǡ 
µķѪŶӣ˵ûˣ˫ۻߵġ泤˭λϵħ˹˽⡣ 
˧ܵзѪ·ѡʮ꣬ħǿһ൱ֵ˲š 
泤ЦһҲóո֮ʱе飬ܹдħѾһѵ컯Ȼʼħʦѷɫ 
ˣ泤ϣܴܲȥ˧˧һ䡣 
泤϶һЦЦǴ˧ǲʧܹˣǰȥδãܵ˧Ѿֺ࣬α 
˧첻ɵΪʲôô˵أ׷ʲô£ 
泤ϵ˵һЩ»ֲ˵Ȼˣ֪޷ģҲ治˺ǡðɣɣ 
˵꣬泤תõ泤ϵɣǴ˧Ѿⲻ˧æȥѪ˿̷ѪѾվȴһ 
˧˹ȥѪһ˰ɣ㣡 
Ѫ䲻ԸҲûа취Ѿûߵֻý˧İվһĬȻӳһΣȻûڷѪؽʱ泤ϻǳְ˵ڱԼѾˡΪˣֻıӰ̾Ϣ 
ԺˮͤȥǴ˧ӥǱĴڽ뽣ʦǱ˧޼ģȴ˺Զ˧첢ûеϸŵõĸо 
һųţһվţׯأճ泤ϵĴ£ܿ˴ϤӰ 
泤ϴİ˺ܿ˵ĹעܿһЩϳ˧죬쳣ɫ˧ǰ˧̹Ǵ˧ 
Ǵ˧һֵɣ˧졣 
Ѫվһûжû¹˶ڶڵꡣ 
Ǵ˧ȻҲע⵽꣬䲻ģҲע 
λǡǴ˧̯̯ʵ 
·Ѫ 
Ǵ˧һЦ˧ô 
Ѫǡ 
Ǵ˧˧һۣ˧ܿ·ģŻڣոڴŴӳ֣Щʤӳ 
ŶǴ˧룬΢΢һЦħ˲žȻһֱδ֡ 
񹫹ˣѪǴ˧Ļ 
һ޲ľ˧춼һֳϣѪȻ񹫹ˣ뽫ԼǡǣﲢûκץǴ˧ 
һǴ˧벻㾹Ȼ񹫹ˣǿϧ 
ӶҲǰħ̫ˡ 
泤ϼһ䣺ɲǣոҸһƣҵֶˣҪʮʱδĶ֡ 
үƽһͻȻԵȻˣ껹ûгɲ֮ǰӦý֮Ϊħһ󻼡 
˻һ˧ɫվڴһЩҪԱмʮ޳ɹүļ⡣ 
ѪЦڴ 
Цôôöû֪Цʲô 
˧꣬һѺ 
ѹħ˲һԭǰϵĳϻԱ˱ɣȻûм񹫹Ĵ˧ϻᣬҸҿ϶ӡ 
Ѫһûһٷԣո˵ļͷˣɫ԰ףдֻǺӶϺǴ˧һֱ治ɫꡣԣ굨ɫĲŻǽеѡ 
Ǵ˧ͻȻЦ 
ѪǴ˧ȥ˧Цʲô 
ȥңһǴ˧Աһλ˵ 
תһǣ˧ 
ã˺һλžƱŮ͡ŮͲǱˣ˧ˡСĿԣ˧̾һС˧죬һžƵ˴˧ǰ 
СݹȥһơǴ˧Ը 
ǣ˧СߵѪǰ˾ơ 
ݵѪϺת˧һۡ˧һЦ΢΢˵ͷ 
ֳϣ˧첻С̸ֻüĿʾ 
ѪסСľƣǴ˧˧ʲô˼Īң 
Ǵ˧ˬЦСֵܣǴ˧ǿѡʵϣǴ˧ܹλʱ䲻ˣܹʶĵɫҲһԵ֡㽲ĺʱָԣҲҸͻû˧ 
ѪһЦŶ˵Һޣ 
Ǵ˧ĺˣҲеɫһֱͼϣһЩὫţһֱˡɱ 
𱭣ѪһʾѪƱлл㣬˧ⱭƣҾͻˡ 
Ǵ˧ҲաߣҲˡ뿪ӥǱҲ⼸顣ܿӥǱ͵ڽʨȻ᲻ãҲûа취 
ħʵĲô׾óųǣħν⣿Ѫʵ 
Ǵ˧ҡҡͷҪΪòΪ⼯еҲֻйĻʵ۲Ҳ޷ش⡣ 
ԭǻ˵ҲһһشԲԣѪϳϵ 
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195 λ

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Ǵ˧ЦһֱˬˣҲ˵ԸߺãˣҲˣ߰ɣһ뿪ӥǱѪǱѱ 
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˧Цһȥʲô֪Ҳ֪˼;ӵ֮ǴΰܺǱһ˴ȥģ̫ˣ治Ż֮ܵҡ 
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ǣ鲢ûô򵥣ݸ߸ӾȻҾǵӱߡѪһۣܲѺõιʲô˼ 
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ǡ 
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