Ϊ(www.i7wu.cn)ûϴڱվĴ洢ռ䣬վֻṩTXTȫ洢ԼطƷ֮Ȩ뱾վκιϵ
---------------------------ûϴ֮ݿʼ--------------------------------
֮ͬ˫
ߣһҶ



Ʒ
ȫӣ棩

       񴦻ͨ;ͨ;̷ˣͨ;Σ;Ӻ̫ţִͨ;һ־;徲ɢﲻ 



ȫ

       ɡɽɡɡɡɽɡɽɡ徻ɡ



жʿ

       жʿֺ;Ӫ֮䣬ĹʱڷؾĹҲĹʱ㴫¼ƣХɽֽȡ˶ڣֻҪҵطоڣҲҷжž˵ʼ˵˴ڣ֮жˣͨ书֮ˣ˱ΪʿݵҲжŴˣΪ׿ﱸãھλĹᡣ ڱڼ侭𲽻ཻںϣɽɫγ˾ɣԷˮԼصʶóƻϤˮεĵ㡣 
ԪʱڣԪȨȺչȫ汨ƻɼ˼ķˮܻԪɽΪΡƻ˳ɼ˼ָ꣬˽ɽҲ˺˽ɹռʱӥټһֻ´̿͵֯׷ɱжˡ˵ֱգһֻ̿ͼŵĺȻѭѵ׷ɱжˡҲΪˣжʿΪԼݣǱ֮޶Ҳ֪Լݡж˺ԭ置һҲǱŷҲֹǵټ 
жʿǼ˵ߣԻһĴкӣȻΧԭֻںѰңԿΣԭȨĹң伫ôͳ书мִ͡ƼƷԽѧоڽˮ󷨵ѧ۽żǣԽʬĸŲȲƷ 
 




жй

       жһҪñţΪ˱ֱӵ̶ȣ֮̾ǥ£γ֮ñţǥӵдĸζƾʱָУǿյģľͷשʯЩָп϶ǲͬġ ĴмҶЩǲмһ˵ģΪЧʹۿۣرڽЩ֮أ󣬺öĹˮûµ㱻һͿ 
жɳڱ׷ɱ˶೯ϦΪͼԱǧǰĹضб䶯ݱµй棬ӲԺ˵Ĺֵȵȡ 




й

       Ԫʱڽ̽籬йʷϹģһηۡɹŴɸ֣ɽ³ϸԣȫ̸ߵ־ֱʶӲμս⵽Ұܡ 
Ӵˣս˥ 
һͺ䵱ɽһµĵɡɣй̷չʷϵһΪ䵱书Ĵߡ 
˵ʱĸμԪ״ӺʱԪڶꡣ 
ʱ۲ҽЧͱ͵ƹ˺СʱּΪ棬СɷǣԷǷ۾ħϣѧܺˡ 
꣬۲ȻȬ 
ɽϼѧϰ˵ܹĿ 
֮ĸ˼Ͱݴʦص 
ת۵ʮ꣬ȡšڶ꣬ΪŻڣͱԪҿУ׼ߪȴ٣Ĵε¡ 
ʮʱ뿪絽ྩڵıʶ˵ϣܡ 
ϣܷǳʶĲʶƼɽΪٴ꣬ΪŵܹٳԼְ֮΢Ȩᣬʵ֣ͶϾ;֮⡣ãﴫ˵׻أ㼱ٸϻܲϼң̷ĸ 
ײ֮꣬ÿСաȫ̵ˣ˳̸Ͷ壬֮롣 
ȥ㽫ҲȫˣǴΪɨĹͯӿʼѲɽɲ 
䵱С䵱֮֡˵ȭĦΪʼ棬䵱ȭΪɽ 
ȴһǧ֮ա˵ɽ˵𻯳ɣûʬǡ 
 



áƵġ趨һ

       11Ĺص 
غʱ 
غʱڣЧǸʽĹᣬ˵ѵ״ǰ׵Ķ棬ı߼ߣǸССƽ̨Щ񰣼ĽֻйĶһߣȴֵġʧеĽ˵ơмϵûƲˡ 
κʱ 
޴ʵɽʯɹΣ϶㽺ճϣʯĹҹżʮֳʮڣŷ޵һλ̽ռݣɳĮ洦ɼʯĹдСʤһڻɳ棬¶ߵĺɫⶥͬСİʯĹɳĮдУ龰̾Ϊֹ 
ƴ 
ƴɽΪ꣬Ӵۻ룬Ҳ͵ʱʢĹйأƴ굽͸ôһ˭µһ۹ķɡ 
εĩδ 
εĩһʱڣϣйŴʷļȻֺҲһʱڣĹģͲǰôݻˡٺǬʱڣҵľõ˼ĻָĹĽΪ֮һ䣬עصĽ԰ϡȡǰķ飬عĹҵĽṹ쳣̣֡ 
ܽ 
ĳĴйǧĹʽԴڷʮԷܳзˮ֣䲻ڣռƣ׾׷˸֣컯֮ڣһ塣 
ĹһĹ 
ƽһ㰴ջլԺƵģҡҡҡĹĹ餾ͣ롣ӴĶ࣬عĹҷΪǰк֣ſڵǧբբŽȥһ䡰(ڤ)ĹǰݵĲãиּҾ߰裬ЩΪڤмĹңΪ޵ǰڷŹ餵ĵطǡרƷĵط 
ڻ 
䣬ĹжбڻĹƽش¼ 
12ĹеĻ 
ݣԵʹ˲޷ҵȷķ 
ʯƼ֮ǰһĹĹʯ׹¡ 
Ƽ֮ǰһĹе䴦 
ɳĹлأһش򿪣ɰӳڣ߻ 
󣺹Ĺлأһֻġ 
ʯ׮ĹеĻأһϱֵĵʯԻ֮ײߡ 
챦ıڽ˹ĹӦûõʱȽеķ챦ֽṹĹշǳȽĹпգһ㼫ߣһͣϱһߣȻǷѣֻҪĽ룬һƣͼţĹеʬǺƷո⣬þʲôò 
㣺ĹҵĺķߡһӲʯõϱֻһӡ֡Ǻ㣬лرõʱĹ͢طģһЩŴ֭ͯʲô߰ģִĻʵطǱλʵ۵ģѱˣ˹С 
µķ壺ܽڤ׷˲طλҲϰ˾ߡ 
nʯ񣬲жĳɽȡֳкܶŹֵԣһֱһ־дɫʵʣΪŴΪʯа긽棬ֻҪڳ񸽽ȼջ棬оͻɢŨص̵ͬĺɫ󣬸гһ¶ȵʣʴΪŧˮһ񱻷ĹڣǱĻأûзֳֻѵĵĹ߾ͽڷ 
ҩǺˮ϶ɢѮе̵ͣԶԳ壬Уǧ겻ӷɾЧֻ棬ɷ 
ֻصƽ⣺ 
챦ǣӲڣϵ߾Ͳơ 
ƺ㣺ôһһ׵ؽܵϣһͰ׽ˣĹǽҲͱʴòˡ𿴴׵ĸʴԲ̫ǿǶطĺЧͽһһʱھ͸ڶࡣ 
ݣ ԭòһξ룬⣬ŪǺųһЩǺţͻᱻƫȷ;̨޵ýǶƽ΢беĵطƽеĵطߣͷɢ˶ԽǶȱ仯עкƽеı仯ײϹߵ߳ȥ 
13ľ 
ײ 
ľеļƷľ񿣬Ҳģһľɲٵ³ΣҪǧʱ䣬ּƷֻлҲáʬװľ£ԶḯãˮķײĶֵǮȱıʹܻáξ鲺ľǧľԽԽмֵһǷֹʬ帯ãڶǲӣЧطֹҧɣͨľϣò˶þͱˣĸĹҲϣԼʬóӳԣ붼ģԹǵĹľ϶ϸҪ 
ʯ 
ľͷײʯϻءʯ¶һڴڵɫľףڹȻͨĹײҪһҸ߶ҲѰԲĸӣа˶ߡľվտˡܡ׸϶ֽ裬һЩޣɺס롢֮ģԱӹеʬɡ׸ϸ϶ʮ޵ͼ׵ܻһȦƾͼĽɫΣ֪ʲôܷţǧɫ£̾Ϊֹ 
ľ 
ľĲϣõıľģһּƷеƷľϣ˼Ǳֻڹмصľ˵ľʹֻһΣ뿪ˮԴ⣬ȻɿݣȻˣȴʼձԭòʬľУ겻ࡣѵǾŮʬ壬ľУż˵ɽһԶʼʶ餡 
ʯ 
ʯƵĹ׷ϣҷǱѰ餣صġʯȻΪ֮еԣܼõıʬԭò 
ͭǽ 
ȫͭʣֹĹէʬƵġ 
14Ĺе 
Ĺг֮˳ôᡣ 
ͯͯŮŴרЩͯͯŮǻŵʱ򣬳˿ڷˮ֮⣬ͷ󱳡ĵȴҪڶعˮˮĨȫ˱걾һ꣬ƤҲáּԶȹŰľҪȽö࣬ıֵͬȡҲкܴ죬ùˮİ취ʬòҪûˣѪҺͨûּ࣬ûκĹϡʬвٵطѾһƬƬɫߵ㣬˻߽ͿĨˮۣʱ˻ѧ仯ĻغɫԶ˾ͱɺɫְ߿׳ơˮߡߡˮҲЩطʬΪӡࡱ 
ͭĵ̨Ƴɵū״˫ϥбյǹĹг֮ 
ղ᣺еɫĹŴ 
͹иеɫĹŴ 
ȸ£˿ɵ¡ 
ѳṵѳƷλԺյĹֻнרŵţѳṵ 
ͭ˳Ʒ 
֪ʶǵģһֱڹĹ֮УĹҲ¶ɶˮභ¶֮˵ʽ״ɫţļҪһڣϱ٣ƷʺɣɫǾˣζɾͲһˣζ˵ƨʬĹ񣬷ֹʬй¶ʬ帯ãҲö࣬ϹžǹžˣһžųмҵıӡʣӺζʲôûУȻѴĸﵹһһ˵ҾͿжϣ˵Ǽ٣ûʲôҲܴһжٺͼֵȥоˣֻ᲻Դľ磬йĹŶ˫ְŵģĹŶǱܴСأһһһ󣬾ܸоָʵ˵ģԣҲһְǧĺظУٻָоҲ첻 
15 
ʮˮ 
䣬ϴֵУξ˳ӡү˵һڣʮȫ󣬲УξרƷѰ׫дһʮˮ֮أ٣ȥǰ뱾ʣµİ뱾ͽﶼûôڡ 
ʮˮʮ 
졢ءˡ񡢷ħ塢򡢶ݡա 
ʮˮġ־ 
Ǿķ绻ˮֶΣСף߻ҲмأλƣתˮҪΧŸصҪѨۡһѨۣתΪڶѨۣ͸ѨۣΪ۽ˮĸѨۣʹΪ֣ѨۣװÿѨۣˮڹ賯ӭ߸Ѩۣɰ̣ڰ˸ѨۣĻشھŸѨۣػɽĶŴѨλԱַˮܣѨλ겻ơ 
Ƿˮ 
ϹʱǾ;ۿоǳı仯ƲףѡˮصʱҲѧľ裬֮ȥǧ֮ȥ˴ķ֣ľˮӦԪжʮǶӦɽ񣬵мסϼ֮ضϵǳӦתѨ֮ǷˮյǷˮ 
Ƿˮˮеһ֧Ŵ壬֮·ǳأǰܵĴҲҪӵУǻΪĹҪڷˮءӺʵ꾫ٵظ˵Ǭ֮֮Ѩɰˮգ̱ɽˮΪϼ֮ 
\ 
Ƥį\ףʬĺɫѪϸߣЩѪʬУǵѪɣٴСеĻҺһͨתγɵķҺʻѪҺάŹʬĲ 
 
ҳܸķˮֵȽ£ֲϣȻ׽ٸľбͲбɽһеޡԹٸ֮󣬾ͻ˯ȥʱٶֻƤʹ˾һװУ壬ͩľ׵ףͻ𽥳Ϊһ壬Գõά岻á 
ʯٸ 
һĴСʵֻһʯǣмȫǿյģײĶİɫ͉棬˵ֹŴιײģףԤʾż 
\ 
\ߵΪý飬Թת޵ϣʹ޶޺ҩ磺ȫʵǿ̷һ֡\ϣôڶУ\ʩĳ֯\ҩ裬ºͻڲѣֻҪԼʱ䣬еѪȫ׳֣ȡ֮˽ȥڶʱڿʧȥˮ֣ƤͻѸٸɿݣӲƤʯǣѲͲ׳棬ʼձŶ״̬ĻУάǧϡ 
16ʷż 
Ų¥ 
λأڵ¡һǧľɵġľǵɫ⡣ľĻн׿ʯɣǧľһΪŲ㣬ÿһ㶼عװĸɿݹǺŮٽУÿľ϶˲ġ 
λɳĮľż 
ʯţһܷúܽʯϸŲ֪ޣŷƤƽƤһеŵ԰Ŵ򿪡ߵͷͽһʯң඼ʮףףĸվһ㶼ԵþִӵռȻȴɣ۰׹ǣҲ½ŵĵطЩͷǶģɢһȾ飬żʮľͷӣһ߾߷ɵʬǣȫ׳ӡ 
ɽ 
ɳĮأһһɽ˵ʥɽ 
 
еǽؿصĹģÿһ㶼һɫʯ񣬵һһͷʯ򡣵ڶǸʯ볣˴Сһ㣬߱ĿСǾͫʯ񡣡Ĳʯͷд׳֫֫Σǰ֫ΣֳƣǸԵףĿ˫ۣڵеŭĿգʯҲиɽеĹһػʾλģÿʯ˲ͬĵȼһ󣬵Ӧûһ㣬ڷŵеĶڶͨˣкˣǵĵλţ൱ūͫʯǸ۾ͣͫʯ˺۾͵ͼڣ۾ĳݡ 
еʮʯ 
еʮʯÿһʯ϶۾ͼʯĵΣߣÿһ߶һССķţֱͬǶסˡͫˡػޣһǿŵġ 
Ŵש 
򽨳ǽõĳεɫשɺţࡢɳȻһ𣬸̣öѡ 
17ص 
Ȫ 
λغӱȪҰȦ˳رڣ峺Ȫˮ겻ͣӿʹϺĶҲӲⶳ˭Ҳ֪ȪͨزӲȪΪȪʱȪˮĤݡ 
 
ɵģ¶Ⱥܶͣߺγǧףѩ겻мһȫǾһﻬĺϰף±ֵظԭƽΣѺһݽأƫůγһɫֲ͵ĵطԭӦҲˣҪɽߣͱҪµɽȡڱ±߲ܷ죬ѩ͵ñ±ߡ 
 
Դ½¥СĹȺǺȻ½ĴɳĮ֮УԻޱȵ˿֮·ȸذʮ¥š̨ࡢīҹðߵ԰֪ٲƱ뷱ٱããɳš 
Źг̵ĵһ·ǴӲ˹ںϳؿȸһΣֱҵϵĹźӵ˹ڿΪվ֮⣬ƵΪɽںСŴҲΪ㺣йһ½ˮȸӾǴ﷢ԴɵǾߵʱ򣬷ԶɫˮĿѣ䣬һַ·ؾͷĴ 
ȸӵһιźӵǺĵǰʹڵģЩضεĺӴδȫɺԣΧɳҲǳǵСͺͺӣˮżζһСȺŸͳǱѼſȸӵĺ壬һСһСޣɳ桢һЩľȹɳĮˣȸӸĵϣǱ¥޲š 
ŷ̽ռ½ɳĮ﷢Щŷ̽ռ޸һųżݿ֤żﶼǺģһЩƲ⣬ܾܿʮǿʢľżżֻǾһУľӦŵı棬ȶӵΡ 
ǵʱС˵졣ЩСңڿֻһЩó·ϣȻγɵĴСһɳУһСҲһԾӣЩСǿģǾԹΪ壬һŮ֮оɳʧˡ 
ش˵ 
Ų¥ 
Ų¥ǹŴħ޵ʽħʱĹѱӢ۸ݻ٣ڲصظԭֻʣһľͷӣԼдʫ裬Ÿ̫һױȵѫ 
񾭹Щżʱ򣬶ҪĤݣʷʫ⵹ǾħĹΪ˱Ը𾴡 
Ů 
ɳĮһУоסһԵµ壬ͳܱСλһŮ˵λŮ۾ڤֻͨҪĵһۣԷͻƾʧӰ٣ԶҲزˣʧȥֻЩԼ֪ŮȡѹͳΣҪڹİգ񹩷зһɻذƤҲľٶŭŮûڼ漲һغˡЩūµľŮһūǺܱŮѹļңѪϴŮǡ׼ҪٻŮĹڴʱرɫµķɳǺһûŮĹѨԼƱڻɳ֮¡˼֮ɳĮʹٴؼգЩ˾ֻҪ˳һͻɳĮ籩𣬵·ʧŮƱԶҲ޷뿪 
18Ĺ̽ձر 
ʬͭʬаͭǷҵ֮ഫɽάݼأƺʬ˷ˣûֻ˽˾ںӿڣɱءֱغ棬ž䵽ˣ֪ô䵽ȥˡװͭϿʬĹž޵ڶˡ 
 
ڣ˵ĻŮʽ죬ŮӴִԲƵģװŷ񣬾䣬ֽᣬЩƧа֮еװġڡװžʯ解мǰµ˵ͷ˲ſʹõ֮ͷһŵϢԥû¿ڣ 
ֻ׶ڤԿ 
Ŵף˵ܷʬ 
̽һֿѧߣΪһԲεһбԽӳİˡʹʱֱ´棬ðԲεĲԽµڳһֱԼʮ׵̽ʣ˽޹ŴĹᡣ⣩ 
С׭֣ʻԾӣⰺȻôɽצƳɣˮһ΢΢͸ãĥĺۼҲޣצһȦߣͨűаķɻơ 
ʬסʬ壬ʬ 
ʬסʬ壬ʬ 
ɻצǾִ죬ǰͬצؽڿɿɽ׹ųԶץȡ 
ʬ䣬ݻʬ׷ 
ɡðֻϡн죬ðѵϣҲ΢΢һӡУξУֵ֪˶ٹĹеĻذ˵УξǴĴͳеУʵüֵļһ 
ʬʬ䣬ݻʬ׷ 
ʬ㣺ʬѸٰѷӲʬѬ 
ʬáɰͬ񡱻ϵĵ裬ɽΪ˲߲ʬƵ 
̽צ˹ײĵ 
ӣУξġӡⶫƺʵǸƵ˹ܹ۵ߣרĹĹǽĹש 
飺ֶҩ˪Ϊ顱Ϊࡢ¡޶ΪԤĹڿͷۻԡ 
¿ӣ¿ӣƧаƷʬĽʬ֮֡ 
īߣһưǹװϣȡģīڹײݺύĵīߣīͬΧ̵ĸһγһźɫѹײķʵʵ 
ͭӡ/ӡĳʼսʱڣͨѰֽ͡Ѩ𽫾˺󺺲Уٻ߷٣ʵٺУξֶμȫһֻǶһöͭӡӡϿٴ͸޽ɰ˸֣ھǼӡ䣬Ѳ 
裺һɱʬ 
ͭͭпգװлƬִĲҶƾƬһͭǰˣͭǰרŵĲɣҶһȥ̱εع̶סͭװһҡˡ 
ֽнɢŨζʯ 
ѩɽʹãեɽ֭ý֭ͿĨĹϣڱʱʡô 
ǹٶʬ롱ƴУξʹõĹʮʬʬ䡣 
19̽ճù 
Ш̶þ 
ףþ 
ͼָ 
ˣѩɽƷ 
̺ӣҰرƷ 
ɽ䣺ҰرƷ 
ҰرƷ 
ɽҰرƷ 
ָ룺ҰرƷ 
ȫ˨ҰرƷ 
̻þߣ 
 
ɵأͲƷ 
ɽҰرƷ 
ǱˮҰرƷ 
֣ҰرƷ 
 
شҰرƷ 
ҰرƷ 
ľƷ 
Өܣ 
ɿ 
ߣ 
ɽͷҰرƷ 
ЯдҰرƷ 
ֵ磺ҰرƷ 
սƣҰرƷ 
С͵ʴҰرƷ 
ʽĴ£ů 
֮ţǱˮ̽ 
 
ǹǹе 
ըҩը 
׹ܣը 
ɡ 
 
110ʽ 
ôأһûйٷƣһɰص 
211̽շ 
˫赣һԷɶַ꣬ɶڹŴһʿһ仰ɶ˻ȥ޻أ֪ȻݵǶִɶľΪƳ磬÷ɶһЩΣսѫһҫ 
ѩɽľʬĴʽǳӣҪ߰ںض̬װʯףΣͣôԼµʱ䣬ȴηȫ֣ȡʬȫˮ֮ͿĨһˮʣ̴ľϡԼҩƷƶɡȻʱӲʬһаݻĲ֣۾θγȻгıⲿͿĨһ۽ƤǽҪΰһ㡣ֻݼߵ˲ʸĴ 
ʯбõľʯˣϷһֻɫۣͨǶοɽ޵һ̰׵ʯԺɫΪĴУԵøעĿ 
ʯлȻγɵĺ˿ɫͫףη档Ʒ 
ѣⶫһֻ˵ΣҪ𼦵ɾʹ̫ˣ߹һв㱡ͼͼޣɽľվ͵ĸߴɽ壬ɭϣƷԵͼڻۼΪŵ֮; 
ˮۣˮƳɵĹĸ 
ˮһһȻͼ 
낳飺˵˵ΪƵɻ֮ʱ˵֮ǧ֮ǵĸ仯ɵ˵Ƿᣬִ˵Īһǣ״˵һ䡣 
ֻͭ㣬ֻ룬泯ڲֱӦ޿пϵĺɫ㣬ȼ 
ƽߣۿ򲿷֮⣬ȫͬǡ޿ڡβεĶʦ߼˾ʽд ȫ죬۶ǿǶŴЩζǻģ ЩԴӻƽȡͷǣǻڣβԵ÷ǳƽߵΣһȦȦȫ״мӣһȦмСԲȦһƺǴļֱͫס 
̥ŵ֮ϰСֵָмóǰѪضɱ棬Ψ°ûΣ˹ĺۼûУȻɵģȻ֮棬ʵѲ⣬̥̬ڿƣֻȭͷСΪǸ̥аġ 
ŸۣһӵĴ͸һֻ޴ħ޵ķֲͼ 
аˮʬˮƳɵʬ 
ȣɫʯĥɣϰռõߦȳƣ΢΢һ㻡ȣһͷһǻͷӵĵطмձ̬ӣȱٺƷ鶯ȴɢһۻصϢǹŴʱӵԿס 
ɫͭ˳Ʒ 
ѩɽľȫǰɫģʬֳëȫһӲ룬мطɫļ䣬¶ӲӵĹâƺȫǻƽ 
ϾУб̽vʯϿ޵ͼиϵǴ졣֬ƳɵĺУ˺ܶҪƷһǣĳֹףˡ顱Ϊס 
޽Ľ壺Ľͷ״Ĵ壬¼ϡ 
ףʱڹϵ̱ϡ 
ͫʯͷг˵Դô۾Σģб̫ˣԵò̫Эͷûйñֻ˸ƽ٣ǳ꣬ûԵϲŭ֮ɫ﹩ҲһЩɽϵʯˣʯеλжϣǰߵĿԱȽϴ󡣣۾ǳͻڳˣӦǽоͫʯ½ɽ̩ԼɹŲԭĸأֹ־ͫʯ񣬹ʯѲɿ֤ѧָӦɹ˳ݵĳ顣ʷأɳĮһܵйΪ㹬ʯ˵ĵ͹㹬档ǺֹЩ꣬żΪԶĹĹż֣Ҳз˾ͫʯƷˡ㹬ļ衣˵ǹͻģҲûȷе˵˿ʷڶ಻֮еһ 
Ĺ壺߹ǵ޵׶޺˲ƺֱӳΪ߹ǡһЩռʬӦôǵ֮УԨĶѨʬеļ䡣޺Ϊһֻѭ֮󣬻һ絮ѭ಻ϣе綼һģ߹ǡҲ¸иͨϵ޺ҲһеԴ 
ֻеĴڻǽŴڷˮԿףΪеķλΪȷÿֲͬɫʡޣ񣬶ָӦĵλá꣬ùŽͼգ㲻ֽѨ׼ȴҲ˸µǿƴ롣 
ԭķˮѧΪ֮ΪأͲصڷˮкܴ𣬵ףʻǲࡣڷˮУɽΪ֮أɽֱΪȸ֮ء֮ء 
ۣǷƵĸҶһƬ뱭Сֻνġۡһˮ̱һɫҲɻת̣Ө͸ڲ豭һƬ䡣ǰڸҲ˵ۡǺֵǮģЩطֳΪʯûۼ˵ڴϷôһƬԱܷˣڸɺĵطƬ꣬ݲǲ۾˵ˣҲֻĳ־޴ۡ 
112:̽зֵ 
͉qi͉棬ϵһֳɳƲСӡ 
Bʯ⻷²һùʣ޶ 
ˮ䣺ǳˮ࣬ʮϲƯϲѣѼˮͻǸɺˮһѸͣɰɫָǴСˮ飬೤Сָһ״ζٶȼ죬ˮ 
۾һûצӵɫϵƬ˸ŲĹâڳȵɭ֮Уڴ̰ĻŰѴɽѣƽʱʳͶ˯ 
㣺ȣ׷ʱڵˮлݪx㡣ںУиȺĻݪx˲ҧеİڴαʱڵľ޴ģЩ𽥱Ȼп̭Ҳݱ˵ˮࡣЩֻ¶ȱȽϵ͵ˮУع߸ֻҶˮʺ棬Щˮвһû۾ӲϺܶ࣬ȻʳãԾᷢɱ״Ӵĵÿľ֮󣬽аٷ֮һҴĲڡԲǵڣ֮ƫȵıع߸Ϊ˵ˮ¸ߵĵѡ֮󵶳ͻ¶Ƚϸߵˮзεˮ档 
ʥާγʱڵǰмǧꡣͬڲɣлˣʥާֲҪİ֮С 
ݣƽʱ޾ɣһ˻ﾪŪ̬غ裬ܣû˺ 
ͷƺеһִ㣬ʮҡˮûϮ洬ΪǺ 
͙棺ֳƻϲ棩޴ĻƽߣмֻһۣиһĶתתȥ첿ǻڵͣʱȥѪںһͨĴţ¶ۺɫĤЩĤĳֳĿһţදź˶չ˷Σ滹һͬС죬˵С죬ͬʱ̵Ҳ⣬Ҳû״ݣĸǣһӲġ⡱Щ˵Ȼֻӣߵһޱȵļ׿ǣ¸ͣ㣬ȴϸġ&lt;νצ֮Ӵ׳ɽµ۾ϻźܺƬͭؼף泤ͭڳʪĺ«Ѿвٵط䣬ЩѾΪ࣬¶ʺɫļ׿ǣ굹ⷢƺȸְ廹ӲӵĵطĻɫ֭ҺӵЩ֮ͭϣеİѻƽߴ˼󶴣һʵ̫󣬶ɫǺʵƸ֣M1A1ǿҲѶֱв 
ܣëĴ 
ư棺ͷСư棬ȫǺɫ͸ˮǾӨ͸ͨ͸ļ׿ǣϡİ͸࣬ƺлȥ˵ع졣 
󢣺ͷܣûƤ㣬ʮ׳߲ʵ۹⡣ 
úֻܹ֣δֱͦͦģԲͷԲԣҲԲģǰ֫ʮַϱۡǰۡƹǡָǶĳצɽ̱ʱĴǵѧҶѪҲʳ⣬к׶Ʒ֣ϲԭĵ¶Уҹûʳţرɲԭһȳ֣ʮֶѾټ 
꣺ɲԭϵһޣͬһֻɫԳӲϲڵڶ 
ԭ̡һ棬ӼĴС״ǹܣûйô׾ԵԱ⣬֫ʹΣִֶ֣ǰֳ֫ó棬жʱ򣬿԰סǽڵķ϶ϱߣĶƽصǽ硣 ԭ̡ڲԭĵ¶УҪֲޡɴԭϡͬǵ̡ͬڴеĴֵ̡Զ̡󡣲ԭ̡ؼ̳˵̡ȱӴ̡ԣθĴҪʳΪ»ϲʳ𡢴ߵڵµĶԭ̡ʳʽԾƶٻǾںڰ֮УһʱһǱ죬ʳж߾ͻȻ죬һڳԵԷ. 
ѩգһδ֪С棬Ⱥӡȡʬ壬ǻʬ·ʬͻɰɫһɫƤƤգԽԽԳ˼ôĶήУҧڳԲˣͻɿήɢµıֱҵµˣֶϲѩͱӣֻҹû 
ߣϵƬ⣬ͷиɫڣԼʮ׳ 
ë׵ʳ³һèͷҰޣΣβͣڿʬĲп᳡档 
ص׵󢣺һֻûľ޴жųͷɫ͵ɫʮֽӽеǾᣬе㣬ûôֲڵıƤǰûô񣬳ñȽԲͷһֳֺǰָ棬ȫƤڣ˴İɫԲߣòݣϿ˵һֻβ͵ĳܡΪ 
ʬħһɫľ޴ĻݣǻĴСͬһˮͰСǴ֣һ̣ܸͨһƬѪɫҶӣľͷ˸֦ͬһذסǶľͷʬħںϹ˿֮·ֻˮʣʹ˾ʬħڹĹУ˵ܱʬ岻ãʬɢ㣬 
ѪֲڿɢεĻۣһѪͻѿѪˮбΪʢ֮أʬѪ˥ʬʼͱ󣬶ÿʮʱ㿪⻨˵ˣгֶֻѡ񣬵һԶԶӿڶǵȵⱻΪ֮Ѫǻ˾ͻǴʬˡ 
ʮ¥ߵĵĢ ʵĢõĻÿ¿ԼһΣⶫÿ죬õҲ죬ϸտܾûˡҳлʵĢɭָΣգΪⶫζ̫ҡɫֲͬҲǧϡ٣ܾ֪ꡣ 
˧ˣ˧ѰδǴȸֹֻ۾䣬Ÿӥࡣʱ˳˴в㣬Ƭ۶׽Ǿ˵ˮµȺʱе񣬾ҪǮϹȻѹ˧Žˮ۶Ҳܲס߽꣬ɢ 
֥Ϊ֮棬ഫ˽ڴ̶λõġ֥⣬ʳе֡⡱ǲⱻ˹餵ġ֥ģѾʧȥֻʣ¸ɿݼӲʬǣеⶼɵˣ۱סҲ㻹żBˮڲͲٸѰʯˣֱ⺱ԭֿʼ 
}ߵֲΣͨڹűµļ֮Ŵֲִ֦ˮͰϸͨˮ̣泤˺ܶεĶ̶̴ִ̡ 
ͷ餣Ǹӣ߼Ĵ飬ۣĶСͶڣͬһ޵״󶴣 
113:̽еĳȻ 
ӣİɽ̸֮Ҳֱ˵Լɱ˷Ż𣬶һ׺ڻпڡָĹʬ屣ñȽãûиãӾ˵鷳ˣָʬ֮಻ɾĶָĹʬõֻʣһѰ׹ˣӣ˵ʬֵǮĶࡣ 
\Ӥһֻ˰ĹӤ֫ûȣ嶯ᱧס˵۴ޣ˻Ƶò 
ʬ꣺Ůʬӿķɶꡣ 
 



áơ趨

       ֪Ĵ̽շ֧ Ĵ̽շ֧ 
šɽšжššֱΪУξɽˡжʿ𽫾гơӡзɽжмס 
Уξ 
ĳʼսʱڣͨѰֽ͡ѨעؼڡܲУξһְרžŵֱΪУξʱԪ֮ʱ𡢰ɽжŶеӳ֣Ϊɴоʹ˶Ͼֻʣһš 
һвҪʦڱӣһרŵıʶпڣֻҪйͬšŴУֻлͳˣܱΪУξųƾһеͳ뷢ٵֶβ࣬ԷˮĹصķλ½к·² 
Уξϲ˺ѶԷǺεˣҲµС塣ִĹ ܽˮʹãԴͳйΪӣΥǺó书ط 
뷢𽫾࿴˳ۣΪٸھĹʱʬ˷ˮڴͳضΥΪѭؾɣоֻΪʳıȥܽҵ 
Уξй棺 
УξǸɻóĹѼĸϣ϶ԵطˮĹ۲죬ԺܿٶҵĹľص㡣 
Ǿ򿪴ĹĹҵعﶼҪһ֧򣬷ڶϽǷλȻ󿪹𡣶֮ʱߵźŵشͷŵףظһڴ֮䣬ϽǵϨˣͱõֵĲԭŻأؿͷԭ·˻ȥ 
Ĺǰ֣ǧѿȡһĿãڶ˵ϢĹܶŹʬթʬ 
һ㶼һ飬һģΪⲻܶԻһרȥɢһԶ  
ɽ 
ɽȡʽһҪƻֶΡǴ󶼰ɵʿװ˲ظУöΪǷڣġɽּһéɽķ 
ɽһɣغʱгΣʢ峯ҶƽĹиغ֡ˮֻǴͨŵԶɽ¶Ӳ˺ͳ书ǿһЩԸʬǰõ󷨣ԼƵĸСֹ 
ǰéɽԨԴΪԭҲǻų⡣ΪʱȽԵʣ ̳зˮ࣬Դͳй泹ӣų⣬Լٱ¶ʵݣԵʿιڸأû̫ǿҵƶ 
ɽй 
ɽ˾ֻΪƣͨأһƻΪΪĿĲֶΣΪȫƣȻγɶ·ϸʱ. 
жʿ 
жʿֺ;Ӫ֮䣬ĹʱڷؾĹҲĹʱ㴫¼ƣХɽֽȡ˶ڣֻҪҵطоڣҲҷжž˵ʼ˵˴ڣ֮жˣͨ书֮ˣ˱ΪʿݵҲжŴˣΪ׿ﱸãھλĹᡣ 
ڱڼ侭𲽻ཻںϣɽɫγ˾ɣԷˮԼصʶóƻϤˮεĵ㡣 
ԪʱڣԪȨȺչȫ汨ƻɼ˼ķˮܻԪɽΪΡƻ˳ɼ˼ָ꣬˽ɽҲ˺˽ɹռʱӥټһֻ´̿͵֯׷ɱжˡ˵ֱգһֻ̿ͼŵĺȻѭѵ׷ɱжˡҲΪˣжʿΪԼݣǱ֮޶Ҳ֪Լݡж˺ԭ置һҲǱŷҲֹǵټ 
жʿǼ˵ߣԻһĴкӣȻΧԭֻںѰңԿΣԭȨĹң伫ôͳ书мִ͡ƼƷԽѧоڽˮ󷨵ѧ۽żǣԽʬĸŲȲƷ 
жй 
жһҪñţΪ˱ֱӵ̶ȣ֮̾ǥ£γ֮ñţǥӵдĸζƾʱָУǿյģľͷשʯЩָп϶ǲͬġ 
ĴмҶЩǲмһ˵ģΪЧʹۿۣرڽЩ֮أ󣬺öĹˮûµ㱻һͿ 
жɳڱ׷ɱ˶೯ϦΪͼԱǧǰĹضб䶯ݱµй棬ӲԺ˵Ĺֵȵȡϸʱꡣ 
𽫾 
𽫾˺󺺲Уٻ߷٣ʵٺУξֶμȫһֻǶһöͭӡӡϿٴ͸޽ɰ˸֣ھǼųһӡ֣Աܡӡԭ;˵䣬Ѳ 
һɵַӽ΢ѷɫȽע˺ŴԵ̵ĳŶ̵ΪΡ׳֣żжĳЩĹΨһɻٷһҡΪȺ⣬ڶǼһ͹ŴĹзֹǵӰ֧Կѧߵݻ켣š 
𽫾˺󺺲Уٻ߷٣ʵٺУξֶμȫһֻǶһöͭӡӡϿٴ͸޽ɰ˸֣ھǼųһӡ֣Աܡӡԭ;˵䣬Ѳ 
һɵַӽ΢ѷɫȽע˺ŴԵ̵ĳŶ̵ΪΡ׳֣żжĳЩĹΨһɻٷһҡΪȺ⣬ڶǼһ͹ŴĹзֹǵӰ֧Կѧߵݻ켣š 
𽫾й 
𽫾жͬʱˣϸƻԿֵܳӦԴʩȻ󰴲Ͱ࣬νСھΣ͡鷳º߱ܵȵȳԵزһϵйءϸʱ 
22 
ɽ 
ɽʿó׽ѹʬ䣬ͳҽˮڼҹ 
еˮ봫ͳɽ֯γжʿһɡԻһʱ־жɽ¡ĩƳʹ˵ѧɽ֮ڹദĹԳáɽڲЩȴʧȥС 
ɽʿ׽ҽΪҲΪٻ·񣬶ԸĵˡɽԲаµΪƣųֻ飬ĶĴɺĹĲ֮ˡĴлرܽʬķҩҲΪɽéɽΪ޳ 
éɽ 
éɽһóѰѨĹˮ룬ӭ׵񣬻󷨣֣֣㼪ףȵȡл󷨣ɽּʧγ˾һеİɽһɡ 
éɽ˶ԵʿݣѲķԲ޺ϲ£ˮҷصأΪéɽΪ䲻Υȴɱ䣬ƳĹѨıˡҲ˺;ˮݣĹѨеĹأųаΪéɽ 
éɽɽΪ޳𣬽ԭΪԶѾ׷ݡʵϺ˶Ϊıвͻɽ˹ƻĹȡéɽҪѾ˼оβ˾ˣһڶԷ²ǧ֮ϽҲϴ塣 
˽ĸʱڣɶѹûгľ飬ʧźߵķſʢƴ統ڸ̨ձȻĻӰ췶ΧڣȻӰ 
éɽһóѰѨĹˮ룬ӭ׵񣬻󷨣֣֣㼪ףȵȡл󷨣ɽּʧγ˾һеİɽһɡ 
éɽ˶ԵʿݣѲķԲ޺ϲ£ˮҷصأΪéɽΪ䲻Υȴɱ䣬ƳĹѨıˡҲ˺;ˮݣĹѨеĹأųаΪéɽ 
éɽɽΪ޳𣬽ԭΪԶѾ׷ݡʵϺ˶Ϊıвͻɽ˹ƻĹȡéɽҪѾ˼оβ˾ˣһڶԷ²ǧ֮ϽҲϴ塣 
˽ĸʱڣɶѹûгľ飬ʧźߵķſʢƴ統ڸ̨ձȻĻӰ췶ΧڣȻӰ 
 




-- --




һ 

       Сɽһɽλڻƺ֮1133ףκɽɽϿˮ棬ԹűΪɿլ֮ С̩ɽƸߡ綫ļءػʺ۵ٴɽѰɣҲ˽ɽҩʿڴ٣ųơȫµڶ֡ 
ʢʱоŹ˹ۡʮ֣ɽʿǡɽʯֶȪ٣·ת 
ĵ𳤴ᶼڴ޵ԭе۴ٻ̫幬ĹģΪʷҲƾá 
̫幬幬ʼڱγ꣬нǧʷԡ塢塢̫塱Ϊ壬̫塱̫徻֮磬Ҳǡɡá̫幬ȫɡٵʵɡ嵭ӡٵ齨ǰԺ䡣ʵԺŰأֲ̫幬滷ɽһˮ 
 




ڤ

       ҵֽǣҼµ𣬾һֱʦɽѧ ʿȻֲ 
һΣҰҹޣκͿǽƮƮӰӶС 
ΪԼˣ۾ٿЩˡһŲմأڰգȴס 
ҽסһæס졣 
ۿЩӰʧˣҲŽųéȥ 
é˿׼ʱ򣬶ߺȻһ 
תͷȥͿһһվǵӣԼǴ˵еĺڰ޳Ƶ֣ 
֪ô£ҾͽסϿӳȥ 
ߵǰͻȻסˡ£佫ǰһƣߣߣ 
ұǸŲ֪˹ԶҲ֪Ǹ޳ͣ˵ˣȻֿңϵӾͳǰߡ 
ҿ˿ǰƣԱһʯд֣ڤ硣 
ôڤˣѵѾˣܡ 
ҿʼſңſң 
Ǻ޳ѽѽСʲôȻڤ磬ʵ㣬ȥҸţ˵ɽ˻𺣣ͿͶ̥ˣʲôãֵô󳳴֣ 
һԽίԼŻ˲꣬ҹϸéޣô͸ҪԽԽѹס 
ڰ޳Ųô࣬Ӳҽڤ硣 
浽ҽеĹ֮󱻰ڤеı֣еı˽ţеıնֻʣϰؽл 
ۣŵû¡Ȼڰ޳ȰЦ 
һЦͣˡÿ֣ڰ޳ˡ 
Щ֫ȫĹҲˡ 
һæĴҳ·ӳȥ߲̫࣬˺þҲûҵ 
ͷ󺹣ʧǵʱһǿͻȻҵ۾Դһ䣬ʲôǲˡ 
ʱ򣬷Լǽߣϲ˿ 
ʦվ˵ô˯ˣ 
۾ǽҰϼһжʦ 
ʦȵؿ˵ô˵һܹϵԩˣֻҪڼһܲյõ 
ҲûĻֻǻڰ޳ӣú²ѡ 
 




˫

       ʿģȥǿǺܳġҪ˭иϲ£аףҵʿʿֻҪøľʲôģ£ŻŻЩˣ˵ʲôʦ·Щ˻ƨ˴ѴѵӾʿ ⼸꣬˵ʲôƳ⽨ţɶĻʿҲľɣҪնɱˡ 
ʿһӶˡ 
ǻزͷˣһֻǵĵʿڷԡʱҲеզ꣬ʱأ 
ÿҴͷɥɽﶫתתʱǸͷ׵ʦ͸ҽɽʿʷ˵ǹȥ⣬⣬ҲҰο 
ô⣬Ҳǹȥˣ˸Ӵš 
ʿѾϦҵٵʿףе 
ǰ죬ɽˡǳ׸ıҵ 
ǵĴ磬Ϊµġ 
ʦһϺţǶԳǵʿһһŮá 
ʦүߵ֮󣬰Ѽһȫ˳Ȼȫǵʿͷۡľ㡢ֽǮ 
¼ٲˣ϶ǵʿҵʱеɵۣͷöҵʿģ 
ʦǵƫȥԲ裬һֱ۶ŮʿͿһ˵ǣȥպˮ 
һæͷӦǣʦ 
պˮˮŵʦǰҪߣʦҽסˣǣȵȡλ䵱ɵĵ֣Ҫ 
ɶʦҲҪΪ֣Ҳˡﰵ治Ƕܵɽͷϴ 
Ҳ˵ֻùԹʦԱߡ 
Ǹе˵ҵҵɷˡӦýΪʦŶԣ򲻸ʦΣ 
ߣСʶ̧٣Ȼ񲻳ˡ 
ǸŮʿһԲҾдд裬Ҳɱɱǵ磬˵λ֣ȥúܣһŮңôͳѧ˵ 
ŮĴݲȵ˵ʦּЦߴСͺ͸ڵҲǵʿԲųѧ˵ 
ԭǵʿҡҵĺġʵ֪ѧΪΣɷһ 
ѧ޷Щǳªĵҷʦˡ 
úýҷʦȴȵλ;Ͷ٣ǣ´ʰɡ 
˵ǣǡ 
û뵽еȴ˵޷ǰʦʦֵġ˵µͬһңҲ߶ţ¾Ҫɽġ 
Ǻǣ֪ʲô£ʦǿЦ˵ 
û࿴һۣ͵ƵģǸ翪˵ʦɽնħ 
նħҵұ֣ƶ岻ݴǡ 
һʦ˻ֳϲõɫ 
֪Ǻħλʦʡ 
ʱŮʿվͶˣ˵ʲôħõǳЩɽĹȥʲôɾĶʦһȥ׳׳ģǮǵģ 
ʲôǡʦһվ 
Ҵûô㶰ϵĲԣƺҪȥַ˻ȥ 
ҪȥЩȱµ£˾ҲЩ˵飡ߣ 
㡭еҲվɵۣҲû뵽ʦôǿѹס˻˵ʦαضŭҲֻ׬Ǯɽϵĵһ¡ 
뿪ɽҲǡʦˣ˵ǣɽ 
ֻվ˵λʦ롣 
ߣ̣ 
˷޷޵س˵ţﻹɾ 
 




ġɵ

       ǿûӣô˵ҲͬˣҲΪɽûǡ ˭֪ǸоߵŮʿһֱҼüŪۣߵͳ˵ۣ͵ɽ¡ 
ҿɽϣ֪ûȥˡ 
һ룬ǲ˵׬ǮôҶʮˣѵһɽϣʲôƵʿҲ׬ǮǮͻףؼָţֻǲ֪˻ûڹܲô࣬˵λǸղ˵׬Ǯ𣿡 
ǸеͣЦɽϴɵˣǴЩĹĶǮʮҲòꡣ 
ô˵׬ǮţҺһȥ 
ģôŮʿ˵˵ 
һᡣʿᰡǲ𣿡 
ֻѧͶʶûɶʦҲûʲôа֮ 
ЩװŪİôʲôѵģʮ˵ 
ЩɵӣŮʿ˵ǺãֻҪܰаǾͷһǮ 
ãǵţɽȥõ㶫 
˷ֱܵɽϳ壬Ůʿ󺰣ɿ㣬ǵȼˣ 
ɽԼʲôľɶģƽʱʦҵĶһˣɽߣû뵽ʦſڡ 
Ҫȥʲôʦ˵ 
ҿʦˣϽĶӵϣ˵ʦӲФ 
ȥʦֱţ㣬㡭Ф 
ʦ͸ɽʮʦҴ󣬽ңңһҲĴȵ׬Ǯһɽź㵽ϣ 
㣡ʦ˵ҸϽǰ˵ʦԭµӰɣ 
Ҽ˵һģ˶ߡû뵽ʦͻȻҽסˣվסл˵벻ɽһɣҪصǰ˾Щ캦 
һʦƺ׼ɽˣæתȥ 
ʦ̾һ˵ҵʮ˴ʦΪ˾ȼҲףô꣬ΪʦûʲôôġбˮеãȥһЩʲôţҲ԰һܡﻹһǮʦġҲȥʦͽԵڴˣ߰ɡ 
ʦҹڵأӶԲ˼ң 
߰ɣߣ 
ʦҪɽˡվ˷š 
ʦӷһۡתȥͽݣŹˡ 
һ·Ĩɽ 
ûǼңȤ˵ôˣǲ̲ɽ 
Ҹʦʮ꣬ûи飬Ҳи飬ô˵ûʲộʦ߲߰ 
˲мЦЦҺ泯ɽȥ 
ҵʱĺʮʦһûˡ϶ܡ 
һ뵽Ǯʦɽʱϸû׼ʦԭˡţҲͲˡ 
˵Ҫȥҡε˲ٺö϶ֵǮȴûмʲô 
ʲôʱٶ֣˵ȵ˱ȴһ飬ѡ˵ط͸öˡ 
ЩҶֻҪ׬ǮĹ߶ʮһ 
ǵûʲôɾĶȻȴ֪ܲá 
һʣ˶ˡ 
ǸоߵŮʿĸ˵ǻһ֪ʲôкö౦ǶãΪС 
һĺëʲô 
иߴЦһҵļ 
Ա˵ˡСˣˣ 
 




塡һhirl

       ǿ Ҹǳ¾ߡµڱת˺ôһȦһ˼԰ľг 
ȫЩɻˣǰѶڵ̯ϣ˭ʲôǮžߡҲʲôֻĿЩϣ 
¼øһŶС̸ 
˵λǿɶˣǸСһЦ¶һŴ 
ʲôҲûϡЩ֡µɶǸ˵ 
ŶλбôţǺλˣҲ̸̸̯ȥǴ̯ӣ˴һҲݡ 
Ĳ跿ͦģһȥкӴ룡 
ǸŴ䣬Це˵λɶܷҲۣ 
µ˶ʹɫ¾߾ʹóһŵ˴ǰ 
һӴǡû˵꣬ͻȻŵǵ壬ô㵽ֵģ 
Ͳùˣֻ˵Ǯɣ´һ֣˼ǽҪʡ 
ϵ飬ֻܸĸָͷ 
ǧ 
ҡҡͷ 
İٿ飿Ҳ̫µԲͬ⡣ 
ҪȫڶλҪǾüǮȥұңǸ١ 
µ̾һ˵ǵүùģͲ١ 
үүڶֵǮˡŶؼĻÿ 
ããˡȥɣ´޿κε˵ 
ҿɲǿӶλҪˣֻ٣һҲûСǿŽԼصĿڴ 
µɽŶ˵ụ̂õĳı 
ˡԪѾˣڰȱƵĻλҪУҳ߼չ 
ûУֻôһʡպиͷ 
ҲǸɵģս˵ 
Ϊ˻ڷԡ´ǫ˵ 
ǶλҪȤҸһˣǿԺĿǰҪһȱ֡ 
ãͽү 
ɣ 
˲ݣǸֻ˼԰ 
һкһˣ˵ǵмңմӴɳĮ 
һһȺ˵ϺҸ֣ԺҪʲô£չǡǿǳĳİ 
һһ̣˿˵λҲмң 
ڷԣүչˣµɵͷ˵ 
˵˵ұˡȻǴܵģҲûɶ˵ġһʱٲҪæˡҸطסţһȥǵġ 
ллүˡ 
Ϻүү̵ģԺϺˡҶͬչӦõġ 
ǣǣллϺ 
˵ţһ˹Ժһ˵Ϻô㿴Ұ˭ˣ 
һתͷȥ˿ 
ֻһŮģŴ綼йˣģ˹ 
кhirlyˣ 
 




 

       Һͳڶһùס¡û˾ͳȥϹתơ ǸдĻҳ¼ãЩг顣ͷ˭뷢ƣڱ˼ҵķأԼҵĶŹ˵һңеİԼˣɱ顣 
°۵ıߣֻܺóԺס¼ûˣһô¡رǳ¾СӣϸﲨĪǿˣסңңҶɶˣ 
ǸϿɣȥ񲻱˿ˣ 
Ϻһҳ¼ãȥлˡ 
ҽݵʱɶʱµָ˵λɽɵĵõ֮ˣϺҪɶɾĶȫˡ 
Ϻ˿ңʮֿ˵ûʦţ 
ңңֻɽϵһСʿҳʲôʦǺˡ 
ǺǣֱȻǿϺԺˣ 
ŶѵʲôɾĶ 
Ϻգһ۾ŲŲǻǰЩʱҺӵӵǸɽһĹһӣգϺûˣ 
һڿˮǸӳɶ 
Ҫ˵ǸӿˣëµĴҪôëҪôëʬҲͳë٣һﳤëϺҵһô 
ô 
°˶£Ϻ˭˶ģҲɣ 
ǣǸӣ㻹ûУ 
Ϻ룬Ȼʲôʬ꣬\Ӥ֮ġУһɳĮһǲ֪ǹаŵúܣиײģײ泤һ仨ʲôʬħ󡯣ϺǱĻþԻ󣬲ԼԼˡ 
Ӵɹˡһ̾ 
ʱˡһžͺ˵λģϺҲˡ 
ϺͣԴ˵ȥ֪˰ɣν⼸λһȥռö 
аϺɶʱأ 
һɣҶ׼׼ȸˡ 
ϺվҪߣ¼æţٻعͷҪЩʲôĶһȥԼļһʰһ׼һȥ 
 




ߡӣһ

       ԼһȥϺʱ˵ҪɹЩó¼ȥص Ҳ͸һ˹ء 
⼸´꣬ƺˮϺǿǶڻƺӱϹˡ 
¼ǵĴ㣬ҲϺǣԼɽȥˡֻһ·ǣɽˮ 
ǵһݰӵĵطʦ̸һЩˮطҿ˿ܣиɽмһ鰼أƫƫǰ͹һ飬γһˮ㡱ĵΡ 
Ұã˵¶㲻ʲôʬ 
Ұ⻰Գ¼˵ˣǷЦûӣʲôʬˡ 
µɶ˵˵ʱڵĹĹΪɽû˷Ҫطͱ˷׳졣ȥҡ 
¼òҵȰ裬Ӳǽߵɽ֡ 
ǸﰲжûУֻ˵ĽŲЩҶϣģϸоû䵽ʵ 
̫֦յӺһһ÷¹ϵİߵ㡣 
¼һôͣ¾̧ͷɶôߣ 
֪ɶҹĹҪ 
ߵǿԱƣֻҶЩɫİߵ㣬ȥ˪һʦҽ˵һ֡¶Ҷаߵ㣬Īһð¶ 
а¶ĵطȻСĹ߶ǰգ߱û˼룬ԩ겻ɢʬ겻á 
Ҽæס¼ãǿð¶ΧضһĹһԩͲˡǿ뿪 
¾ЦЦ˵㻹ɽʿû³ҪʲôɾĶǻð֪ôûϢͲɽˡҪߣɽĵʿȥɣһӱ뷢ţ 
ɰˣ빷ҧʶģʲôɱҾ㣡 
¼üߣһɽԱߣȻһĹ 
Ĺǰһ󱮣дż֣޺֮Ĺ 
¼Χǿ鱮һûʲô֡ĹΧתĹ߷һʯţԱһƣʯžͿˡ 
µ˵ȻʲôٹˣĹֻҪʯţ˵˿϶Ǯڤȥ˵Գؼҿ 
źЦʣ˻ܻٻؼȥ 
µɰһۣ˵Ȼܻǻ껹ڵģҪȥˣҪڤүͨڤ֪ļȥˣչ 
˵һһΪҵĻͶ˵ǻǻȥɡ 
ˣôֻܿȥȥôһˣǲǼأ 
ô꣬ҸʦѧȻ˵ʲôа֮£ԼСʱҲһΣﻹûšҪʲôɾĶſô 
ҪȥȥҵðŮסˡ¾ͶԳ¾˵ͱȥˣһС 
µҲþ߽ȥʣҲҪȥ 
ƫƫа˵ʲôĹҲǵһˣҪȥֲִֻȥ 
һȥҪãҲûɶ̲סˣЩ֮ǵʯš 
ɸŰǵطһˣͻȻĹϵȫûˡ 
֣ǱߺȻðѪѪܵġ 
ŵһƨڵϡͷƤ飬ð컺 
Ҵӵʯﺰһ¼ãǿ졭 
ûзӦֻʯﴫ΢Ļ 
溰µɣ㻹𣿡ûзӦҽźߡߡ 
ѵʲôɾĶˣ˵ǸʯźüԶĵط룺ˣһϿӣٴһǿɻ 
˼һ룺Уô죬סǵģǵģôûġˣҲҪǵʬˡôǴڱ˼ҵ 
һģ˼¿ӣľͼһϻһǴʱ͸ҵġ¼ҲСĶˡ 
һȥ֪ÿºüʮˡϽϻһֻ򣬻沢ߣȥҪϨӡ 
ûг¼õӰӡ 
ұĹѨҲûзʬҲûС 
ɹˣȥˣ 
ɻ󣬶ϽǵֻͻȻϨˡ 
ãɻľôƫƫˣ 
ҼǼĹײֲͣţ볯ߡ 
ȻһȺĶϸһ󣬻ġ 
ʱĹ˻⡣һղץŵĶȻһֻ֡ 
ʲôҪ 
ԭǳ¾ߡͨͨŵŻع鱾λ 
˦ҵ˵㲻ǲôˡ 
Ҹ˵ǿĹ£ֻ󣬷ĵطһ 
ôˣʲô 
 
Ҳ㴭ƴź֡ 
¾ŤͷȥһǶʧˡʲôҿ 
ҳȥط̫аš˵绹أҪҲȰ 
һ桯;ͷƤ顣¾ߵǸطһڶͨ˵ȥȥȥţʡɹġ 
ҿ˿Ǹͨ档ղŽʱֻ˿Աߣûע滹ж졣 
¾ǸͨҿֺֿǸֻøȥ 
һһ׶ߣ׶ĵضҸڳ¾ߵĺһһǰš 
ƹһһǰĵضºܳʪˮǶŷˮЬ빭þ߹˳ʪһΡºȻøˡ 
ضͨһʯҡµվһʯǰҺ;ߣôôòҵûУ 
ǡ̽צ֪ʲôطˣиˣҲ᲻ǹ׸ǣ 
ֻôˣæ 
µɽҹȥ׸ǡ߹ȥסǸʯͷĹײĸǣһʯڹײϲ¶档 
һŮʬڹײ·ϻŲΡֵĶӾȻ΢΢ҲǷʪĵط̫ˣǡ 
һŮʬ۵һ˳ 
ƽһμʬ壬һôѿ˭Ҳ̲ס 
ſڽһ󣬲ȥŮʬģоöˡ 
µѾŮʬЩΣʲôģȫŽһڴ 
ٿŮʬϵĶˣֻʣһ˿·¾Ա˵磬˰ɣǶ°ɡ 
µûǼ·Ұѹײĸƻԭλû뵽ŮʬͻȻ 
µɺȻ˷ܵ˵ʬ飬Ǳ˵žһŮʬ죬ǿȡ˳ 
ҹȥѹײĸǺãҪ򶴿ȥֻǹײĵĸֻһԼˡ 
Ƕͣ²ӣµɰ⣬治̫̰ģʬ鶼ȡˡ˵ʬרѹģ˭Ҫȡض 
ô죬ȡȡˣѵȥɣ 
¾ңǸ磬㲻ǻôȥ 
µҲ˵ԣΪԷһģȥ 
һٵؼʱ̣Ͱƣ 
ҿ˵ԼиʵƭƭǡȻѧ꣬Ź֮£ԼǺܵСģɽͺһ˰ҹϲԥ죬ǲǰһ 
ʱͻȻһƣһľ˹ײϡ 
ֻŮʬݱ촽죬ɫ԰ףȫȻǸղŸɱģһѳʬˡ 
۾ͻȻһŵһƨ˵ϡ 
¾ܹҡʬͻȻӹײ 
ҼǣͳһŮʬȥֽĶ̫ᣬûӵʬϡ 
ܣµڵضǰǺ 
Һͳ¾ѾֱضܱһۣŮʬڵҺ 
ǼҴҵǼĹңĹ壬ֻһ죬һʯ廬ס˳· 
ˣȥˣڱҵԺؼҲҲ· 
 




 ӣ

       ǱǼĹֲָ ͻȻµõǿʬ鷢ˣĹһƬӦһҹ飬ںڰҲܷ⡣ 
ȻܿĹΧˣһЩʯĶûУҲֻܿһż 
Ҳ֪ǸŮʬûҪǼɾˡ 
ʱǸղӳǸضһֵĽ 
¾ŵץסҵ֡ 
ʲôµɿ˵ 
֪˵Ůʬˡȥ֪ˡ 
˭ȥأ 
ɣ¾ߣµˢˢؿҡ 
Ϊʲôÿζң 
զôùأ 
ŮʬҲҪһʹ죡 
Ǹضȥʲô 
èڵضţЩ֡ﲻԾȴ˵˿ʼһΣǽԽԽ죬ҲԽԽˡ 
һһʯڣЩǰš 
ֻصǼʯҡ 
ĵ̽ͷȥǸײģͻȻضﴫһС 
Ҽæعͷȥǳ¾ߵĽ洫ģѵҿǸͷɢŮˣô˵Ĺӣ 
Ҽæ˻صضȥ 
ϲĹʱֻǿҹڵϣĴһ¾εһԣһ췢ųµɣճճҺ塣 
Ҳ֪æܹȥóһǸӵͷϡ 
ӲˣҰѳµɴӴ˳ѾŵͷǺɫ԰ס 
ץסļҡҡû¡Ż 
һߵ¾ߣ 
ѣѣУָۣɫ 
졭졭¾ָ󣬻û˵꣬˹ȥ 
ͻȻˣѵ 
תͷȥֻǸ췢ֱֱؿңһں 
ҺͳµɻŻŵذѳ¾һϣǸһһģǹ 
һڴﻹк¿ӣͶԳµ˵취סú¿ӶԸ 
µɱϾǵҳ˿Ѿƽû˵ȥһѱס˴ӵ˫š 
ǸӿǸӣ˫ȴ˫ڿץģż 
ᣬҲƴϣһ¿Ӿ 
ǴͻȻҡΣ˦Ҳͱ˦ȥ 
ʱҵֱҧסˡ 
ʹֱл 
찡µţǳŲסˡ 
Ҳƴ˲Ҫֻ֣һֻ֣Ѻ¿ӴӴӲ˽ȥ 
ӵˣҴϹֻоһɹǵʹʲôպƵģɢһɽ 
µɻסӵȲţ̵ģĪǱˣһְɣѾƽˡ 
µɾǲţ˵ʲôٸһ¿ӣҧҲҧ 
㲻ţôŰɣ˭˭ܲţҿѾҧһڣǹϲˣҲԵ׳԰׺ôáȥծǻˡ 
Ǹվһ 
µɳ飬û˶֡ 
һֻ֣һ죬ӵȫɢ˼ܣ¶һѰ׹ǡ 
Ұңûױҧһڡ 
µܵߣҡˣû°ɣ 
¾ԴȻ˵ëʬأ 
أµָǶѰ׹˵ 
ƽģ 
ֻǳһ 
磬Ҿ֪У 
ɶôͰҵĹȥˣҵĲ찡ûйˡ 
ˣʲôڽУµתͷ˿ҡ 
֪ҸҪףڽС 
¾߿֣߹ôˡ 
˵û£ǽǴҧһڡ 
ӲҪҿһֲšһҵÿˡ 
ֻҵֱҧһ飬һںڣ˼ųӡҸϽ·ס 
ʱضִһֽУеŮҪӵĽ 
 




 ӣ

       أһǸض ǰ棬Ĺҡ 
һֻǸײŵŮʬӹĵƤƵġ 
µңʲô 
Լ 
µɼǰ棬ǹײһãŮҪˣ 
ɶŮʬӣ¾ҲǰͷȥҷƵ 
ŮʬǰһźӣˣҲˡһʬ겻ɢҲҪѺ 
ҵŽų濴ֻŮʬĶӹĵøˡ 
µɰǰ棺ѺС֮󣬸ѶԸҪ취ֹ 
ʲô취 
Ѻ¿Ӹңסķţ 
µɴù¿ӣǸײȥ档 
ŮʬĶӸˣҽŵ˻ 
찡 
µǰҡ 
ҽסһܵײıߣŮʬϡ 
Ůʬû˽Ŀۿҡ 
µɳ˻Ѻ¿ 
û뵽ŮӾȻһѽ¿Ӵ򵽵ȥˡ 
Һͳµ໥һۣŮһںͻȻӹײ˳ 
µŵֱˡһһ˵Ĺұϣʯڡ 
ŮӵĶӱСˡ 
أ 
Ůӵ﷢ͻȻᡣ 
ܣڶڳҺ 
ĺӣŹģܣµҲԱߺ 
ʯڣһ򶴿ˡ 
ǸŮ͵˹ 
תֱضܵضͷˡ 
֪½̫أǸպһŲ׼ˣҵĽºȻһգһֻžȻȥȡ 
̧ˮشӵð˳ 
ٻͷһŮҲѾضˡ 
Ҳ֪ˮǴģҲӡۿˮԽԽ࣬ðһæܵضڣҪֲŸӲʵĶ 
ץһԭǸ̽צ 
ϵض¼ֵǼæʣô죿 
˵ضˮðˣ֪ǲͨͷǸŮڵ£˭Ҳȥ 
ˣˣҪˣ¾߰̾˵ 
취ûصܳȥ 
еطˣﻹʲôص 
Ĺҵǽڣ޲ðÿһطһ顣ĴһңȻǽһʯ⡣ 
˼£տյ 
ǿʯһƣʯȥ߾˽ 
 
ֵǣƱ۾дˡ-_- 
 




ʮ ӣģ

       ˷ܵغԳȥ¼һ˹ֻҪʯҲƵѳŪһ㣬Ǿȥˣ һԱߵǿʯ塣̫һʱƲ 
ҧҧǼ 
ʱضڴһ󡰻ˮ 
ͣһֻŮӵϰţѾû˶ϳһѪܵԴȫǹͷץŵ 
һ͵ץסңָؿٽҵ 
̥µҲǸŮӣеŮʬССҧĶӣԼ˳ 
ô죿 
ư 
ƴȥǿʯ塣ʯɶˡ 
ضˮҲѸʪĹҡ 
Ǹ̥Ůӣ˵ضСͷһĽ 
ʹ˳̵ľȥʯ塣 
ʯһһ⻬ 
Ĺˮǵúܿ죬Ѿ͵ϥˡ 
ͻȻǸСͷŮӵĶֱǷɹ 
ԱһСͷ󡱽ţ˸գȥˮ 
һߺȻ˵ʲô 
һѽ˹ǸСͷ๾ðˮݸ 
һڴʪˣ¿Ҳˡ浽ǹصʱ 
Сͷˮ϶ܣˮĴء 
ۿˮѾţҪ͵ͷˡǸСͷֱ 
Сģҧˣµ˵˾˻ 
ܱСͷҧһˮ¡ 
û뵽ǣСͷҲǱ 
ұһΡ 
ƨͻȻСҧһڣʹֱлץһץֱСͷ 
˿ڡžһһʯһȻˡ 
ұˮĹҡ 
ĵطڷĹұߣǰһɽµˮ¾ҲȻ 
ŲʵˮȴûзŮӺǸСͷ 
ȥˣ 
ƣµ˵߰ɣһܸ񣡡 
˼ֻһ죬ĹҶȥ 
Сҧңų¼òһɽȥ 
µɱܱЦ˵ûڳôö׬һʣ 
 
ֵǣƱǷʳۻң 
 




ʮһ ص

       ҹϻ˹ء дһ¥ͨϺӺʹ 
ﱨһ󲼰治֪װ˸ʲôһŵ 
Ϻ˸ȥϴ裬µŴʣǲ 
һۣˣȥˡ 
µЦ˵ٺ٣û³ȥϹתơ 
СسɶתƵģǲȥˣ 
Ҿ֪ү㡣 
ôû̵ʲôö 
УȫЩֵǮġղҿﱧŸ󲼰λɶöˣ 
٣СӻͦģҲ㣬ȷʵǸöȻ˱һ֣׬С 
ӴǸǸöܲۼۣ 
뿪ۣ 
룡 
ӣԱŲŵ˵⼸λʶʶ 
ӰȻҪҲûвÿ˼Ǹطŵľϡ 
һ⿪ϵĸǾŵһŨζ 
µɾ̾һզôںĶȥǿʯͷֵľģôζǺǣĪ˭ӵ̵ˣ 
Աüͷ˵˰ɣС񡯣ֵۣ߯Ǯأ 
ûϸְѲ 
µɵˣͷԵʣɶ㡯ҵ 
㻹֪أ˰ɣˣ˱㷢ˣ 
ô˵չŶˣ 
ǵÿϺ˼ҪգҲԼȥҲ׬Ǯǣ 
ǣǡֻλˣҲûǱǮɶƹŶ 
ˣǾһ£ 
ôŰɣүǿǴ˶˵ڳô㿴ۡµóӹĹĶʹһ̸ȥˡ 
˼Щ˵ɶֵǮĶҪ˵ðΣգһθϺǿǾһҪǲţ͵ȥиҪǽȥˣ϶ 
Ӵ£ 
ǿɲ 
Һͳ¾߷ֱԼϣµɺʹ˵ŻϺȻˡ 
Ŵ˵Ǿ̶꣬罻о飬øȥһˣϵ 
˵ôأظ˵ģ¾˵ 
ϺŴߣ˵ˣ³ȥһ£ 
İɡӶû˵Ӧˡ 
µɳϺʹҴææȥʣզˣߵҲ߯Щ 
Ҳ֪ɶ¡ 
µûȥ߻ľǰĶʰãߵӸǰ˵ɶ 
УҪǲţҸʾ֪ˡ 
µһأ߻ǰ¡ 
֪ʲôòҪȥʲôɣ 
һϺʹ֮ͬһ𣬴Ǹ󲼰˱ 
µ˵ռٻȥ 
ʵȥʲôŶٸɼεӪ˳׬Ǯ 
 



ʮ 

       ϣ˯ԺһΡ мԼ·һ·غˮ֪ﱻˮײģ˵ǡƲ֮ʱͻȻȴˡ 
ڶ죬Ұεϸ˳µɡ 
˵:ƽ˼ҹΡòǸĹˣΰɣ 
ЦЦ˵ǵС⣬ŵң 
δ£Ǳʾεȷһʾʲôأµüͷһ˵ײġǲܶ࡯Ԥʾ˺ͨò֮ף 
ұҲѧ֮˵ȴͨΪǲټ٣Ʈ֮£ſɲšµһֻǺ˵ûϡ 
ҾȲѵǣµλչŶģŸɽ磬߷ãȻһŶƵġ 
Ҹã춫ܣ߹˲سǴϾڸҼùϢҲùݾڵ˼ҽޡ 
һȥʮ졣Ѿˡ 
ⱦӣʷƾãĵڶС 
Ǹյĵһ죬µɾյ˺ܶӹĹ챦һĹ򣬾ͱسǴյܺͻҪࡣ 
ۿѾ磬Һͳ¼һխ·ţģûҵŵĵط 
ʱһ졣һֻһũһળǰ 
ûǰԶŵһҹζ˸æűӣһߡùŴ·ϻҹζ 
¾ű˵ģûʱ򰡣Ҳʲˣ߸ʮҲû⡣ 
ЦȴûЦֻǰһ󡰻Ӵһġཡ 
µɸȥ֣Һͳ¾ڵǰߡ 
ڲԶղŴܹȥڵأһũóײһ˾վ첱Ӵ֡ 
ӣô˹ײҲϴգǸ˾ 
٣ûۣ޲Ϲأž͡ײʺҲʾ 
µɼ߹ˣæ˵㿴ˮײġӦ˰ɣ 
ҿ˿¹ʵǸطҹϷ㵹һأũóԵһľ壬˾Ļײĵġ 
ʲôӦ飡 
żɺϰˣοǷˮôҲ䲻ˡˮ˵ˣǹײĻǹףǲأ 
ҿЦѡ 
µɼҲţҪǸũΧûʲôʤżٹ˵Ĺɶġ˼ɶͷԣӲҪǵ쵼ȥ 
ָųµ˵ǵͷͷ 
˾ųµɲţҺ;˵һߣűӣﳳ֡ 
󣬳µɱʵûˣһ˸һٿ飬⳥ǮԼųˡ 
ʱ˶Գµ˵ǰи̨ۣиŰɣҪ 
һŰɣȻ𾴡 
µܹͷϵĺˮ˵ʦүǰôҲո㣬ĸͷȥ 
ֱǰߣȻͿһΡȻ 
 
 




ʮ 

       Űɾᣬ䵱ɴʼˡ ̨۾ǵ޵ĵط 
ֻһã˿ܣ˸Ůʱռ֮⣬ų̂۵Ѿķˡ 
Һͳ¼վڹǰ˿ɽţۺڣһ̾ 
µһɽţĻҳĴǺֱԡ 
߽ȥһۿһʯĸɫ̨֣ŹۡԱ߾ʵ 
һʵֻ֮ϣһʴ۵ȻʧޣѾɵģ˿ 
Ƕ˵񣬾˳ɨһɾĵطʱЪϢ 
Ҽһӣãɨɨҳ档 
֪Ϳϣ˭֪ľѾˣһڵϡµһ̣ҿʵ۾ͻȻתһ¡ 
۾ˣµ˵ 
µϿһֿۣ˿ڵϵңûأ 
Ҵӵ˲ϵĻң˵ģۿģǸʵ۾һ£ 
µɻǲš˸ڽŵĶǰȥƸϸ 
ݱֱ·˿ûת 
ϵĻңԼҿˡ 
¾߳ȥˮµɰĶһһ̯㡣ʰʰϵľͷϵĻҡ 
ʱԺͻȻһС 
µһõĽҲ˲ʰϵĶˣæ˳ȥ 
ǺԺһ԰һϾ¾վھߣ˫۾ 
µסʣôˣ 
¾ָָˣ 
µߵߣƣѴϵˮͰȥþʹһŮ˵· 
¾߿·Լ۾ɻѣѵҿˣ 
µɿ·ôŮ˵·ʽϣǼʽŮװղ˵ʵ۾ڶ˵ˣѵʦүڰʾʲô 
ҲеЩɻˡطȻǵʤأȻķѾãٿܣƲʵڲǾ֮ء 
µɿҵӣȻ˵׼̨Ҫʦղôæʦ˼ҹǣԲŽ󡣽Ǿҹٵسȥ 
¾û˵ʲôȥ׼㰸ˡµִӾһͰˮŻصǰԺ 
ۿɫ 
ҴһžӣԺУ¾߰¯ֽǮȼƷ 
µɻ˵ۣľߵ㰸ǰ˻ƷŴףʼף 
֮󣬶£Ǽʦ 
һ֮󣬲ųȥ㰸ǻصʵ 
ȵ˰ҹʱԣ˯ͻȻֻŵķϣȻһյ 
һվ֪ͳյȥ 
ߵſڣһ͵ذһѣǣȥ 
 




ʮ 

       ԭǳ¾߽סҡ ָ˵㿴һյ 
¾˳ָķȥǰǵôϣ 
ȥɡ 
¾ߺҸ߳ţµҲˣվסҪȥҺһȥ 
ҿӺڰ߳ǰõĵۡ 
һǸڵķȥ 
ʵڵԺţͿ˵ȴһֱֻֻһľ¥ҡ 
¥ǰֻʯͷʨӣʨӺǺɵΧվͷʯʨǰֻ¥Žգյ͹ڶ¥ 
ѵסµɿŶ¥˵ 
òǿص۵ĵʿɣ¾߿˵ 
ᣬǽʱôûˣǿص۵ˣǣҲӦóкһ²Ŷԡҿűƹģķ䣬ԼʲôӰζ 
µ΢΢죬ӿ˵ȥҲû˵ֻǵ˵ͷ 
¾ߵˣСĵ㣡 
Ҹ߹ͷʯʨӣʯףȴͻȻ֨ѽһԼˡ 
̧ͷһ¥ϵյš 
һһȿŵȥһżžͿһرˡ 
ǰȻֻ򣬷ֱǰϹһġ֡ 
תۿܣ̧ͷ˿ͷûʲôر 
ϸһֻǽܣ˸ʦĻ񣬸ݰ޹⡣ 
ϵеĴɽɵʦȫӣΩû䵱ɵᡣ 
Ҫ߹ȥϸϵʱЩʼΧңת 
ϵ˸ŭĿɫֲұΧЩм䣬ͷת 
ȻЩСһ𣬰ҽع档 
ЩԽԽѾ촭ˡ 
Ҵ󺰣ǣһ㷴ӦҲûСѵ¼ѾˣǸҵĺ 
ô£ 
ʹȫҪЩǣôЩֽĻȴôҲѲˡ෴ӽؿסҡ 
ҵڵϣȥǻʵڹýսȭͷƴ 
ʱϵ·ͻȻˡ 
ҿԼϣɫĳëҲúںģм仹иһĶŬ 
һЩȫˡ 
Ҽæ·ֻȫëǸһĶȴˡ 
ʱһ֪ﴫϣ־ܣ 
ҺȻ𵽣˭˭ 
ΧȴͻȻû 
ұߵ¥ȥҪ϶¥Ȼߵ¥ݱϵʱһ͸Źˣӿֳ 
ȻӣͷڽһۣﻹŽƮƮȻͳҷⶨǻеĳλʦˡ 
ҸȥͷֻǵŽֱҵࡣ 
Ҽæˣˤڵأʦ 
һ㷴ӦҲûУŽֱӴ̽ҵš 
ؿǽһһķǸŹҲҡֻҵ˼£Ȼָƽ 
Ǹ˴ϴ˹ȥȴһҲûС 
ѵһжǻþ 
ٿ֣ȷкܶɫĳëһ˺ۡ˱ҧ顣ЩëӦúйء 
˿ˡ 
µվڴǰңû°ɣôһžͰŹˣ 
Ҵӵߵǰ֣ʲôʱ˨סģ 
Ҵţµɺͳ¾ߴ˽ 
һϣЩ˺Ļûˡ 
߸ʲô¾ߺʡ 
˵ûʲôֵǮĶ 
ߣҲˣû·΢תתӡ 
µҲĴ¾ȴͻȻҵ˵֣ 
û¡ 
µõĽ߹ҵһʬ㱻ҧʲôʱ£ 
ҼˣǸĹ¾ߺȻ˵ 
µɿңҵ˵ͷ 
ϸ˿ҵ֣ҡҡͷ˵̫ˣֻ֡Ҫϵˣ 
һͷǺɱЩɽĹҪ¡ö˶˵һֻ֣ˡ 
¥ȥµɳ¥ȥ 
Ҹ˶¥ 
ûʲôر𣬳շӣʲôҲûС 
֣˭ȥأµɿ˷ӣߵǰյʡ 
Һͳ¾߶վڶ¥Ҳ벻ͨô¡ 
ͻȻʲô˹ȥһ¥ϣֿȥ 
죬ġʲôҰ޵ĽŲֻ˭ҲûʲôǴæ¥Աߵһû˶ 
 




ʮ ٿ߶

       ԼˡٻͽǸԡ ǣȥ 
Ǹ磡 
˳¼ںУ²ûֻͣһͷǰߡ 
ҴǸСԣǰͳ߸ԲεšһɹŻɫֽơ 
ǰĵʿĵطٿ߶ 
ҳеһȥ¼Ҳ˶ǰߴ˵ҪȥǸ磬ǿ뿪 
֪ô£ҾȻתȥЦ˵ҽȥˣ㲻Ҫ 
µͻȻվ¾ǰ˵аˣ뷨ס 
ûа 
ЦŽ˶ţƾ¾Һ󺰡 
ģֻдӶſڷĹ⣬ڵһǡһһš 
ߵģҲҸղŽվطȥһǱʯͷͨͷںһˡ 
ҪǰߣͻȻ⣬ǰһ· 
¾˵Ҫʲôط֪ʲôŹֵĶȳȥҪҲ٣ 
һƿֱǰȥ֪ôˣҵĴƺҿơ 
ҪұߵʱǰһɴȻʶֵǰȻ˹ȥ 
ұߵҲһ¼øֵͲ· 
һǰţҲȰңһֱں档ͬ˹ĵطִһͷε 
Ҳǽ˹ȥ 
ͨÿ࣬߻ʯͷǽڡ 
ҵĶִ˽лš졪ǡ 
ʱֻͨﴫ¡¡ľ޴վһͻȻͨһͷһ޴Բʯͷ 
һվǸۿҪǰˣȻһҲظ 
¾ұܱ 
ƺˣһͨһͷһǸղŽĵط 
ǸԲʯͷֹ˹ 
ô죿㿴ңҿ㣬벻취 
ʯͷҪǰˣҼͷǺԿʼһһǰʯҲһһεġ 
ҲְһʯڣһͻĶǵǰʯھͻһߣ¶һ 
Ǽæšʯֻصԭֻһ޴ײǵʯٻҳ滹һӡ 
Ҫʯڵסǿʯǿ϶ѹˡ 
ڣҺͳ¼ôһʯ΢Ĺ⣬ԿʯϿɫ֡ 
ͷȥֻдţɵǳǳԭǡ¾ӦþǾ޵ĵط 
µֵ鿴ܣҲȥĵطԹ˵ȥˣô죿㣬ȫҪ 
һͻȻеջ𣬿ƲסͽĻ磺˭Ǹģˣ 
㡭̫ˣµЩ˳ 
¾Ȱ˵ˣˣ취ôȥɣ 
ߣôȥܶʯڣѵضȥɣµû˵ 
ҵԺͻȻһͷ£ԣһгڡ 
 



ʮ 

       ҿҲͨ¾ϵĵͲŵϣϸ 
µЦһ£٣ڵ´򶴣 
磡¾߽һ 
µ˵ãáҲҡ 
ǽһأûʲô֡µҲڵ϶ҡ 
ǰһ㣬ŸղҹĵطȥûС 
ȻֵռһͼΡ 
Ҷϸоһµɺͳ¾ȺΧ˹ 
ѵ˵ʯҺͰйأµɿ˿˵ 
ֵ˳ŵķգһԡ 
µɽŽ͵ΪԣᣬصвϢǰ޽˳֮س飬֮ݺֹвߣ˲顣˵ظһ飬˲顭һͷ 
ԷλУǬһҶģˣߣ壬ֱ졢󡢻סءɽˮȻǽʱˡ𡯣Ǵӡ롯ԽģŵأҲ˵ұ˵űվߵſڣתŵϵʯשǰߣһ˰˲ 
̧Ŷ˶µʯשȻȥǿʯש 
ʯשɶˡ 
¾߽ӹϵĵͲשûйߣֻʯשԵһһ㣬 
ʯשһεťСۣұҲͬСۣмû͵ϵİͼǺϡ 
Ǹťת 
ťͷǸͼм䣬Ȼһͨ 
֪ȫȫûеڶ·ˡν˵ͨǰ棬ֵ磬¾߸󣬳µҲŸֵ硣 
ͨʯסʯһһȥм˼䣬֪ô£ȥʯƺûоͷƵġϰ죬Ҳûҵ· 
ֵͣܡµں˵СݡһֹԵʹ˲޷ҵȷķҿǻǱ۾ߣ˵һת۾ҵˡ 
ҼǰߣȥǽϵķšȻһЩʯס 
ǰһƽ̹ʯҡĴң˼ڴӡ 
һкܶԪ 
µɿЩԪЦӦӦˣλ飡 
ҲЩԪֻǸе֣ôôǮңڵ棬ѵ˵ĵʿ޵ȴڴ۲ƱҪôǮʲô 
˼⡣ 
ǰȻôƱҲڣͷԪ˲ȥҲߡ 
ûгڡ˵ 
ֵĴѰǼʯҺܴ󣬵ǼԪһЩ˵Ĺ·֮⣬ʲôҲûСӦһҡ 
ܿѾǸʯ˸飬ǰһʲôҲûз֡ 
عͷϸһ룬ʯһ᲻Ҳǰհ޽ɵģôΧһʯҡǿʯҵĻأ 
ȻûУֻǽˡ 
˳ǽһһȻұߵǽҵ˻ءťһʯӦ 
ߣҳ¼ú 
¾ҵĺ˹µȴ᲻ǼԪ 
취ȥӣֺһΡ 
᲻ߣֵǵʯţ¾Ҳ 
ʯұȸղһС˺ܶࡣмһʯס 
ǸʯȥµɽҪȥ㿴棡 
ͣ½ŲϿȥֻСߣһԲεϡֵһգǸԲЩСߴвС 
ȥ 
µߵ˵Що޶һҧˣɡ 
˾˳ǼʯҡϻأŹˡҿûأֵ˵ 
˿ʼԭǼʯ 
һµִһʯšʯһӦǳ·ˡ 
ǽǰȥ˲Զû·ˡǰľ飬Ӧʯϡµʯһᣬʹʯš 
سͨһͨ΢ĹߣһȴһƬ 
µɸйͨһҵĴһʶͻȻӿֳһͨһʲôұȥ 
һسͨȥ¾߽סµɣ 
ͨһлĵط䡣ΪˣæӿŲתȥ֮󣬿һŻѣֱʯߡ 
ҸҪµס˵Сģ 
ӵ¼һСʯ飬˹ȥһɲǣ뷢ûһ϶Ҫǰһض 
߰ɣµߵҵǰ棬ǰȥ 
Իһֱߵͷ󣬾Ϳһ޴ʯңǰĶҪ 
ʯҵĶһɹߣмһ޴İͼΡ 
˽ȥ¾ߵĽŲȵ˰ԵıԵֻʯϾͳ˼֣ߣưͼɡ 
˵ͼǵģƾǼƵ 
Ȼ·ߣֻƴһˡҸǰߣ¾ȴһ˰ͼ 
վǰͼϣ߾ͺȻСֻͷ 
һᣬ¾ͻȻץԼͷ 
µɼ״ȥ˳ 
ҷų¾ôˣݾֵ˵ѪѪ 
ѵ˵ͼ˲þ 
һûü룬ֻµվڰͼϣͷ󺺡ã˳ţͻȻʯײȥ 
Ҽæܹȥסôˡµɿңǽײƴססһƣôˣһ£ 
µ˵öǮǱˣҪȥ׷ңٿǰһʯǽʲôҲûСȻ򣺡ҸղŲ˻þǸԡ 
ͼȥ¾Աߴ˵Сģ 
ֻҪȴҳȥȻͼаţҲҪһԡ 
ߵͼУյҵͷ̧ͷ˿̫ǿ̵۾ 
Ȼǰһ׹ԺȻʦӰг¼ãȻǹĹʬŮӡһжŵӰһһΣǳµɣҲŵҪɱҡ 
͵ذĿת˳µɣվһԣؿҡҳȥһסĲӲš 
¾ҵ֣ҪƺںʲôȴֻµҲҵĲӣҪƴһ 
¾ƴҵ֣ųµߡҽ׷ᣬֵͲȥ 
߽һǻѵͨ¾ߴҺǸ磬ѣ 
ĺǽŻǲͣسȥԺֻһʶɱǸˣ 
ǸʯϴӻڼЦ 
һûߵǰһŮһѣһȥ 
ʱҵǽһͻİ֣Ǹŵİֱһײȥ 
ֻһ΢춯ų¾߾͵˹ûҵǰµѾȵǰ桭 
һжһ˲䣬Һͳ¾ˤڵأͬʱǽϵİ˳µžֵۣȥ 
 
ڰٿ߶ܣ½ڻչ֡ 
 
ڵˣ֣ף֧ҵֵܣߺˣ귢ƣСҶлˣ 
 



ʮ ǧ

       ¾ߴӵ嵽µǰ޺磬硭 һˣ 
Կʼ䣺һǼľ¥ŵһصζſʼ־壬ԼţȻ󿴼˵ʦǵĻ񡭡Ժ¶ߡһеһжܿƵģ 
Ǹô£ 
˭ 
˭ڰ֣ 
ҿǸͨﺰ 
¾߲۽ǵˮµѾ 
ĲѣֻصһߣͨǼʯҵڣһֻëĺӡ 
Ҿȵؿֻӵ۾Żһĺ⣬Ҳҡ 
㣿ľ¥һŵӰ 
ֻһתˡҼæ׷ȥֻһɫӰӣʧʯ 
ʯİͼڣŰԱԵýŲȵ 
֣ʯҿյģǺǽˣȴôҲҲѵ˵ݵزɣ 
ҽסӶǿ⡣ǰһڣȫȥѾ˵ǽߣǣȴͻȻǽڡ 
ʲôǵǽȻǸӰӣ 
µײǽ˵Ͳᡭ 
ҵڵϣǵǽȻԿһУ 
ٿڵһײġϻһдţ䵱ʮųˡ 
ѵ˵Ǹײŵǳˣ 
Ǹײȥ 
һһ῿Ǹײģûзףʬ档Ѿ·ˣȻǼۡ 
һʬݱֱһ 
ľһϹľ˵еġľɣȻʬ岻ᱣôã 
Ҫϸ棬ڹײˣͻȻ۾ 
һæȥ 
ǵһȴʲôҲûС 
ΪԼˣײŲŲ 
Ȼ䣬ײͻȻ 
ؿȻеЩϤϸһ룬Լľ¥￴ģǸķ˲ô 
ô˵䵱ʮšˣ 
ѵ˳֮ϣ 
ڹײô˵˴ӣ 
ˡ͵شӹײֱ˹ 
һ˹ȥô죿䵱ʮţҵýжٸʦ氡Ҹ֣ǲʦ棡 
һ룬Ѿˣ˲ԼͲҵʦ 
ҪԸһ͵ĴӣȻĶ֪֡ķûʧûУôԸˣոѵҪڡԼˡﲻɣ 
ţֳһɹĹײԣʱײĺһɫӰ˳ 
׺ 
ҿվǽǰź۾˿ңͻȻǵǽ˳ȥ 
֪ô£Ҹо׺ƺҵڣͲһеظ˳ȥ 
ں׷ᡣ 
ǰ׺ͨҾͿ˳¾ߣš 
Ű׺ųµɵʬ壬ģ 
׺תͨܽһҼǵ߹ģ룬ֻø˽ȥ 
ǸŰ׺ֻصȽʯҡ׺վﲻˡҸæرսʯš 
¾ĹȣѾ˵һ仰վس׺ȥȻվŲ 
ͻȻ׺һӳ 
ô죬ѵʹһģ 
Ҷܲ˵ڵأʹ޷׺£ɫ۾һֱҡ 
ȻͣҸͳһֻɫģܵС 
СӰ׺һҵĶϣųȥҵ֣ҸеһƺҪҧˣɲִ֪ܳһֻߣһڰѰȥ 
׺ͻȻ죬ţ͵ϣһֻצӲͷһֻצץ䱻ץϡãһֹͣ 
׺ּһΧתȦӡ 
֪ҪʲôһֱΧתƺ˼ 
׺ΧתʮȦȻͣҵҧһڣΪҪҲȴҵֻϵĺɫҺ˰׺ϵɫëһһ̣ʧ 
ѵ˵׺Ϊ 
ĻҲģ 
Ȼ׺ϵʬ̧һۣһӵڵϡ 
ֽ׺ﱧĹʮ΢ΪҪˣ͵شȥǽȥ 
һܣ˹ȥ 
׺Ƕǽֿҡ 
ҴʯϵĻأʯſˡ׺˽ȥϵĺѾõǣһ׺һߡ 
ҸһֱǸʯǰ׺ʯףһˡ 
ҿʯףûʬ壬ֻһѽͲٻƷһЩþߣһ֪ǵʿõġ 
ҿ׺ֻ۾Сһһϣ˼ҪûǱˡ 
һ壬֪Ѿˡ 
ǰѽԱߣһ飬һдšɽĸ֡ 
ѵʧѾõıžѧײĪĳλɽǰİ֮ 
 
ۻ軨ȫΪд顣ɴڴƱ 
 




ʮ 

       ȲشǱ飬ҳмһţֽҳѾƣܹҳ Ѿ˺ܾãһСľͿܰ˺áСأһҳһҳ򿪣ֻúдţ 
î꣬αɹŹӴ޹⣬ͬɹŹһģ²񣬴˳𲻹죡ҵȻƥ𣡸֮£̼Ϳ̿ڰ뼯䵱ƾ䵱Ϊ̷ԪơϱڶѣұɹŹɱҴ֮˹Ρºͽ䵱ˡ֪£ҵȽ˶ԱӢ֮顣δսթҵȽԱơΣҵȲŶ˲֮»ذԷ⡣繴ɹŹԲóɹ˱ᶴҵԮ֣ʵΪ 
ô飬Ϊ֮ˡŤת֮Ȼ׽ѹʬ䣬ͳҽˮڼҹ򾡼ڡ֮ˣص߾ȫ࣬ԱҵӢ飡 
 
һҳ͵ڶҳ˵ʱһЩ飬ҳصҴɣҳһŲرͼ˵ЩǳＯ׼õģǣͼκѿҪҵһ¡ 
Ұ·ŻУʼݡ 
û뵽ʱҵ˵صͼͻͼ 
ҿһᣬײеĽʯףڹײǰĬһǶǰֻ׺ļ졣 
ʱһۡҰԼϣ֪ܴãùȫǼʯңϻءҿ¾߻վ˷ܹܵȥ˵ǿԳȥˣ 
ңЩɫʲôҲû˵ 
յͼϵָʾҪ߳ȥ뾭Ǽ仭аͼʯݡиһʱ治֪ô졣 
һ룬вǼϽʬôԸңǸǳͬŵͽҲŻ 
̲סַǱɽϸ 
 
 
ڴƱ 
 




ʮ 

       ɽһޱȵΪ Уһֽ衱ҩЧܴﵽ¡ֻҩ裬ûʵ䷴ֻ˴ˣȫͳֱѪܱѶ 
ɽΪƪʬƪƪҽҩƪˮƪƪ 
Ѹڡҽҩƪҽҩƪ쳣죬硰˵˸СȵȡԽ¿Խò˼顣 
ڷˮƪʦҵķˮ֮ͬƪļضһЩԵķӡصҪǰƪƪʬƪ͡ƪмصһЩϽʬиķֱĿɿڴĿࡣ 
ˡɽоһĩβĵͼͻͼԭʯңֻнеһ֡ǰշԷλǬҡ롢㡢޺򣬷ֱ졢󡢻ס硢ˮɽأ˴ʯҡֱƵһ¹ 
λãڡԵм䡣Ҫ߳ȥֻҪҵڣˡԣܵˡ 
Ҫҵڣ뵽Ǹʯλá 
ĹؼζԸǸˡ 
Һϡɽĵطߵǰشʯšһһǰȥ¾ںš 
סǸӡ 
һֱлѵĵطˣȻûӰ 
߽˻аԵǼʯҡ۾ضǵ޵ǽڡһһӽǵǽ彥档 
ԴոմȥǴĿԡ 
ȫһ 
ֻӵ۾ûһʣĿ 
һһŲŲ彥˳ȥ 
ҿҪʧǵǽʱ򣬴ͻȻ¶͵ 
Ҽæ˫ֺ£ָָСָһʳָԣֱǰһͣǸӾվﲻˡ 
Ҹг¾߽û뵽ǴҲ¾ȥ 
Ҽæֹĳ˳Ȼȫһ 
ϸһ룬ȻԿƴӣôǲҲ֪ʲôһԣˣǴӹȻһ 
Ҹæ½ӡáǸվһˡ 
ߵʯſڣг¾߽ 
ǸӴضǣƺҪȫȴáֻôһں 
ų¾վУշԷλ˳ 
ҴǬλ𲽣ҡ롢㡢ޣ¾ҲվλϡٴλصǬλȻλִλ㣬ٵλʯڵλա˺һ˳һ飬ص˰м䡣ǣһ㷴ӦҲûС 
ѵߴˣ 
ܰÿһǼ˵ģߴġ 
Ҽͷ󺺡¾ڿˣżһɡ 
ҶͷͷϵĺˮٴǬλ 
Ǭңٵ롢㡢ޡȻһΡߵλʱԵġ롱λϣͻȻһӣ¾߸պվ档 
Ҳһеأȥضȥĳ¾ߡҪȥʱס֡ 
ȫſڵϣ¾ߵȻ쳣ء 
ҵڵضԵ˵ѪڣѪһһ˳ 
¾ڿУҧţȻ˵ְɣ滹һʯңҲµġ 
ƴסţЦһǣʲôұҷ֣һһӡѾ磬ѾԲˡҷģȥҲ 
¾߿ңﷺ⡣ 
Ҵһþȥ 
ǣ֪ΪʲôʮٱƾôںĿУһҲߡ 
¾߿棬ͻȻ˵Ǹ磬ӵһμ㣬Ҿ֪һˡⱲˣ޺ְɣҲģ 
ϵѪѾһأֿʼĿҪûˡ 
ԼҧÿͻȻˡؾ 
ҿų¾ߣЦ᣺İɣһ 
ֶֻûӡ 
ֻðˡɿһֻ֣г¾ָ߰ҡɽмһñ˵ӡķʹˣﵽͨҺͳ¾ôͨ 
û·ˣһҪһԣ 
Ұȫеϣס¾߲ȥһֻӡ 
ó¾һֻ֣Ͻ˵һӡȻ˵һ龰ǲͨ 
ͷҼӡ 
һӡ꣬ȫûҲҪֲ֧סˡ 
ûã 
ô죿ǻǲͨ 
¾ߵһһ»ȥ 
ҸϽְֻ 
ͻȻ¾߿˵棡 
΢΢תһͷ֪ʲôʱܹˣ˿ѾҵΣұϾǶһСȥ 
ҽ֣ٽһӡ 
ҴůʱͻȻˡһܳɹ 
һӡҶʱûȻ͵ؽ¾ 
ǸӸպߵԱߣܳٻһֻץסһϽǸض 
¾ߵϰѾ棬ѾϥˡͻȻֳ䡣 
ҽסһֻɫĹ»ҰצһѾ 
 
ֵǣƱСҶлˡ 
 




ʮ ӳ

       ƴһѳ¾ Щ»Ұ棬һ󣬾˻ȥˡ 
ҸһͻȻ͵سһͷ˲ˡˡӣſ˴ҳ 
׻˵ǣȻû˫ֺһ𣬲֪˸ʲôӡֻԴĳһָǹҽһͷӣȥˡ 
ҳ˻ʹáħ䡱Щ»Ұѹڵص֮¡ 
ѿһ϶Ҳˡ 
ó¾վ⣬ʹáƪмصл֮ٻһã¾ߣеġ˺һ󷨡 
Ҵٴλصʱϵǵ߾Ϳʼ䳤һ߱һķ϶ʯмѿȥ 
ţͷϵʯͷֿˣ¶һռ䣬µİͼӵ룬ʼҡΣ 
ų¾ߵ˰ϡһһʯҡ 
ʯҲûУǵֵҲ档Ĵһأ֪ʲôˣйɴ̱ǵζ 
¾˴ʯȼһ̣ҺȻ俴ǡ 
СģҼæֹ 
¾һվǶҲһ 
ôôըҩ¾վһʡ 
Ǳҵļأ뵱ǰǴͽͬھԲ׼ըҩԷȲѵʱըٵض 
ô˵һ· 
¾һʣҶʱ־ĸо 
ʯеʯţҵҴ 
¾˳ȥվſڣͻȻ˵ȵȣҪȻתȥЩľͰװŵƵһڵһɵߡ 
¾߾ؿ˵Ҫըʯң 
ҿһ˵½Ѿۼ˲аûй֮ǰԶڵ£ 
ʯͨҵ˳ڣһŰԲŵʯݡҲһ̵ֱ 
ǴӰеԽȥԳѾҹˡȥʱϣˣʱ̫Ӷ峿ʣֻҺͳ¾ˡ 
ŻʯվһͰǰ˿¾ߣӦÿ԰Ϣˡ 
һۣʲôҲû˵˳ƽʯ˵ϵǣЩðỤ̋˲ȼʯ 
ų¾ƴܣԣܹľ¥־ʵ¾ߺȻ˵ȵȣ滹ж 
ҿҪƵ壬ͻȻúЦԭһҲǸСԣ 
ҰЩµջĶҪܣһ޴ıը춯ء 
ҸеµĵضҡΣƺϾҪȥˡͬʱҺͳ¾ƴȥ 
˹ţСʱ·ʱִ󡰺䡱½һˡ 
 




ʮһ رͼ

       ص֮Ҳŷԭ¾ˡ ѳµջĹŶȫ˴õǮһ˵ȥ޽̨ۣҲǸһ֮ʣǮȫĸһ衱ˡ 
ֶδ֪Ǹгģʵһ¶ԺԺ¾óǮ¶ԺЩսʧȥˣڶʧȥĸĺǡ 
ֲҪȥĴҪ֪óǮģϾ൱ٵһˣοǵڰǮӽˮ˭Ƿ˼ 
Ұڽ̨۵ľһһ߸˴֪µɵѶ֮Ҳ̾һ 
Ӵ֪Ϻıϳٺ۵Ĺ¡˵ӣShirley Ѿһȥϡ 
Һͳ¾ߴ˼԰صڶķӡ 
¾Ʋ֡ 
Ϊ̫󣬾ȥο˵ܸ㻹뿪ɡҲϣֵػϣȻôԵΪ 
¾̾һЩ˵СͶҺܺáʱְֲڣҪչҵһУϴ·ʲôΨһˣˣԺô죿˵ͿʼСؿ 
Ұַŵļϣ̧ͷ˿ңǸ硭 
ˣԺ·ܳ 
ͷ 
һȻ˵ҰѸʣĻĸ˹¶ԺҲֻάһĿЩСû˸ĸֻԼû£ṩǸõĻܿ࡭ 
ͦĵӣڵض﷢ֵĲرͼͻȻ˼һض˵ҵأܰ¶Ժĺӣ°뱲Ҳԣˣ 
¾ɻؿ˵ʲôأǸ磬ܲ˵һ㣿 
ҰǷݲرͼ˳֮˵ݲرͼѾǧʷˣұ֤ûб˷֡˵ 
˵Ĳûеǲȥһңܾòġ 
Ǹ磬ȻҪȥôǾȥҿͼϻʲô㿴ö𣿡 
ҲҲܿŶģȥܰæ 
á 
Һͳ¾ȥ˴ĽŲرͼüͷϸؿֿ 
ҡͷ˵滭ͼһܿģȥһˡ 
˭ 
˲¶棬ҪҲһҲҲҲһȥҵ 
Ŷˣ˭Һʡ 
йţס置 
ôҵţ 
ǺǣȻйţȻûƯˡ 
üͷȻ˵ֻҪҵһˣҪҹҲһ¡ 
һˣ 
йãǹŵĶŮ 
ǺãͶȥҹáлл㡣 
ҪߣȻס˵ȵȣ֪סҪȥҺһȥҵ֮ҲҪһݣ 
ҪұرÿŲرͼһݸǲˡֻôӦ 
Ц˵Ǻãô˵ˡȥ置·;ңԶǻǻȥú׼һ£Ǻ 
 



ʮ аկ

       置·;ңԶ ȴӱ𳵣˹תë¿Ҳóʵû·ˣ͸ɴ· 
죬ɽˮ֮䣬پˬ 
ϣҲ˼Ͷޣֻô˯ڻĽҰ⡣ 
ܺƧֻһЩ֪Сӣ֨֨ؽš 
վɽţԶĻ⡣֪¾ʲôʱߵҵԱ˵ʲôأһվ 
תûʲôֻеʦ֪һɽôˡ 
ʲôʱȥɡ 
ҵ˱أҾͰɽ 
Һͳ¾˵ŻԼжֹͣ˵ͳ¾һϸš 
أǶˡҺͳ¾ſһɽ͵ۿȥ 
ֻͷһˣһɫĻӣҡһҡһڵ˹ 
Ǹʲôģ¾ĵһ䡣 
꣡Ҽæһơ 
ֳֻһ·һ·һһߵظǰˡ 
ڰ޳¾ߵСֻϢ 
滹ءҲͬķʽ̸ 
ڰ޳߹֮󣬾ͳĸˣ̧һײġĸ˶źɫ·滹˼ã֪ǹļһ 
Ǵ߲Զ߹ʱ򣬲ſڰ޳ɫѩףڹײĺļҲûȦΧһںڣеĻѪᡣ 
ǰǸˣۣٲȻһʿĴ硣 
 
¾߿ĲгҼæס죬û 
ϸؿЩСϹ˵ڸȥĳطǸʿǸʬˣڰ޳ǹʹߡ 
һȺٹ߹ˣҺͳ¾ߴɽ 
ʲô˵Ǽٵģ 
СʱȺڵǲнӡģ㿴Щݶ챻ǲˡָ·ߵһӲ˵ 
ǹײװʲôˣ 
Ȼˣô˯ڹײ 
Ҹղײж 
ŶߣǸȥ 
Һͳ¾߽߼Щˡ 
һֱߵһɽկǰ˻ѣвˣǸʿɽկ˶ߺӭʦ 
ǸʿЩװɴСˣɽկš 
ɽկһ̳ΧȼŻѣΧˡʿߵ̳ǰʲô񵻸һ󣬽ž˰̧ǸײĴˡ 
һŵĹҲ޻š 
ǹˣءڹײҶ 
ͽȥ񣡡ʿ 
Χ۵Ⱥǣһ𻶺͸͸񣡡 
ҿæӲݴȥţҪô 
˼ͻȻİˣһʱû 
ǵʿվ˵˭˸ϹƷҪģ 
һ֪ʲôɲܰװôȥʲô񣬸ƭˣ 
Ⱥдһɧ 
ʿ˵㡭㵨ˣץǸŮģһ׸񵱼Ʒ 
çǳһӰҺͳ¾߷ţؽһѨ 
 




ʮ ǧ꽩ʬ

       Һͳ¾߱ľ׮ϡͷ©¹ǰ Ǹ磬ô죿¾Աߵ׮Žҡ 
ϵӣˣ 
ͷ󺺵ض˵û취ֻһһˣ 
ɽŻһƿ 
Ǹƭ˵ĵʿһŮ˽ˡ߽һǸڹײŮˡ 
һͬĻ֣ǽǸŮ˰һľ׮ϡʿߵǰʣ㽻 
ߣŮһŤͷŭ˵ 
Ǿȥ̵ģӻɣҲȥ 
֣˾ߵһײǰƿ˹ײĸǡ 
ٸһλᣬƵĽҩҾͷ㣡 
Ҳ 
ãã㲻ʿûߵײǰﹾһ 
֪õʲôһǸײľͿʼҵҡΧðһɫһͻȻһֲˡ 
ǵʿЩܻԪȥ 
ŵȫһҲҿǹײġʿŭˣһѽ˽ȥֻҽУһ׽˾Ͳˡ 
Źײֿʼ𶯡 
һһֻצӴ˹ײıԵʿ˻ɽŹˡ 
ǸײһȫɿݵĽʬٳʱֻʣ͡ 
ǸŮŵô졣ҿǸ˵˵񣿣 
¾һԴ˵ˣ죬취ӳȥ 
һʯ飬Ħ 
һ˹ײģسһľ׮ϵŮ˺Ȼ 
תߣȥ 
ʯϲţϾܸˡ 
Ů˽вˣѾߵԶ 
ʹȫһڰˡҼæ⿪ų¾ߵӡſŮҧȥ 
һӡϵʯ鳯˦ȥʯصشϣ塣 
һᣬûҧŮˡ 
ҴŴŮˣһĲ棬߷˿ȥֳ˻⿪ϵӣ˵취ȥ 
Ůָһ˵ 
ߣ 
ҽϳ¾ߣŮһʯţ˳ȥ 
˻ûɢ׷׹ڵϡǳǵʿæվ˵˼룬ˣǿȥץסǣǸ 
Щһӵһʱͳͳɽǰ 
ȥ 
û뵽ɽͻȻ򿪣ǸΪĹ͵شܳ쿴ˡ 
ǵʿ˵ˣˣǿ쿴 
ЩҪ¹ȥʱ˺Ȼ֮Ѿҧøϡáŵˡ 
ʿվȺǰ˵ǲҪ£ᱣǣ˺ǵģͬʱֿʼʲôˡ 
ǹﲻҧЩҵˣת 
ܣҴŮ˺ 
һξ룬ͣңôվ 
Ҵ˵ȶа취Ը 
˵꣬ҾתǸֻѪðź⡣Ӧһͨǧ꽩ʬҪԸֻȰǸʿƷ֮⣬ʲô취ҲûС 
۶Ǹȴǵʿƶ 
ǵʿƺҵ˼ָǹ͵ 
Ҽæǹ˿֮ѸٸҳǵʿȥǵʿҲ»ӿʼӴܡ 
ҽ׷ȥ 
ɽеĽʬƪһʹʬķӣֻҴûù֪鲻飬ֻйעһˡ 
ǸʬûҸæӡȻ׼ǽʬһָͻȻһͣˡ 
վ￴ͨ齩ʬֿ˿ǵʿѾɫ֣죬ﴭŴ 
 



ʮ 

       ЩǰɽʼĴӴܡ ұ˻ץסǹʿǣûҽӽԶһд 
תͷȥһǽʬѾ 
ﴫ¾ߵĲҽУæǵʿȥֻ¾ߵڵϣĽűǽʬץѪܵġǽʬҪȥҧ 
ҼæʹáǧϣסǸǧ꽩ʬ 
û뵽ǽʬȻǿ󵽿ǣơۿһһ¾ҧȥʹȫҲס 
û뵽ǣǸʿûг˻ߣƬԡ 
ҵıаЦߺߺߣ˰ɣǿǧ꽩ʬ¾ãҲǴģԹɣ 
Ҵ죬ȫǣþȫסǽʬ 
ǰȥǸŮˣʱͻȻ˳һƬĲҶӣ﷢ϸ 
Ǹʿ̻ŰָŮ˵㡭ų 
Ůüͷһ壬ʹøӼϸֻǵʿһ󺹣һöͣƺҪЦƺҪޣʼŤΡ 
ǸʬҲȻʧȥһҡҡͷһƺҪµȥӻǹʿ 
Ѹܵ¾ߣȵȫĵطҿĽţѾ˺ƣ¶ץӡʺѪ⡣ 
˺һ·ϡδ۾ֵؿǸʬ 
ǸŮ˶Һ죬ȥɱ 
ҿı飬ֻһüƺӿһѪ 
ǵʿͽʬݵͣһᣬŮַǾֿʼȫʧء 
վǵʿȥɻûߵߣͻȻͣˡҼæͷһŮѾεڵء 
ʿҡ˼£ֹͣ˷ 
ǽʬָ˱ԣſ죬һæǵʿǰһʬצӲĶ 
ȫǳڱܵķǵʿǰһƣû뵽 
ʬǵʿʧȥȻһҧĲӡ 
ʿˡʬѪҡҡһӵڵϡ 
Ҷȥ¾ߣֿڵϵŮˡšȥ¾ߣָָԱ˵㱳ɣԼߡ 
վʹһһ 
ұǸŮˣͳ¾һȥ 
صȥдƿҵ˵컹ûء 
ƿı˵ѣˣ 
ʣ˭˭ˣ 
ҺһǸŮˣ¾Աߡ 
һŮˣеãôҵģ 
ǹãҺͳ¾߶еܳԾ 
ҡҡŵĹãﺰѣѡŮۣ˿Χˣǡ˭ 
æˡ 
Ц˵Ǵ㲻ǵˣǺ«Ǹ壿˵žͰǿŽ¶⡣ 
һȻ˵ؽе壬ôˣ 
ǺǣġǶҵѣôϵģôˡ 
˵һǰկ˸ʿԳ֪ǰ绽꣬ҵġ˵ʲôѣ顣ʼֻҪȥҲ˼顣ɽ˱ͺţ񡣿ǺͿʼȥ룬ҿ˭Ͱٰݺ˵ͳͳȥ˼Ʒ䷢ܣͶʩ˹ơǻûüùɱҾͱץסˡҲϽҩ˵ҲҪ롣ǰҰڹײ̧ɽկҾ 
˳ŹõĿ⣬˿Һͳ¾ߡ 
Ϣһ°ɣȥկӡֶԹ˵ 
Һ߳ȥʣ˵Ǹž 
ͷҵãҹžͲˣ 
ȥ˯ɣ㿴ȥۡ 
һصȥֻûɢ˼Ƶģûһʹ 
֪ʲôʱ˯ˣۣѾ 
Ѿպ񡣳¾ҲˣһʯͷϡǸͷ 
һô˳һû뵽置Ůǿţǹôһ̵ܶװҲ¶棬һ̿㣬ϴѥӡ 
ֲϣұʱ򣬸оЩŤԭһϣˡ 
 



ʮ ǰկ

       ҷų¾ߣŴһɽ·ǰߡ ߵúܿ죬ǰ·һֱһǰͣߵӱһĺӣԶǸɽɽˮҲӳɫԵ峺ޱȡ 
¾߿Χķ羰ֱ˼ɾ 
Ц˵½㣬կ͸һ֤ϲ 
Ŷʲô 
ǺǣʲôϡĶһ·· 
̲ס˵Ρ衢裬կ֪ܲҲɽ裬裿 
ǣ㵹ͦ˽ģûд˺ӣǾʲôҲˡ 
ֿ˿棬ˮ⵴һƬš 
ô죬ѲιȥҲؿź档 
һʱ䣬Ҷ˳ 
аСʱ֪ﴫֻɽּĴصƺܺãٴ졣ȴ֪ʲô 
վںӱߣɤҲ 
ֻǣʲôҲõƺǵصѽ壬ڳϷ 
ó֮ɽĸҲͣˡ 
ãֻӵƮƮȻһֻС 
ҽסʹãղųʲô 
ûʲôֻкϵĴǹӡ㿴ˡ 
ǣĲһʲô 
ڳһ׹ʫʥصģ˼ǡ޻ð̣¯ɽŻʥһ絽˱ɡ 
һ絽˱ɣ 
̾ǴѾӲ׵ĵطŴƺǵĻԶЦ˵λεİɣǿԵطˡ 
ú磬үүðɣ 
Ǹа˰Ѵ˰˹һۣЦ˵òȥҲˡ 
磬ԲҵĴ 
Цݣ˴һ˵ϴɣǶɹȥһҪȥҩأ 
˴ںѴˮȻˮۣȻʮֳվߵβﰢһŴ 
ҺһͣˮȥȻ󣬴λȥ 
Ƥڣĺ¹šҽƣӣЦˣһɣ㵽ǰȥϢһ£ 
һҪţͰԶȥҹšֻһĨϵĺˮ 
ҿ˿ãһضǰ档̽һʶ 
תһͷ˵ 
ǣȥǳʲôˣ 
ûʲô 
ǲ˵βİɤ˵˼ǿۼҰҰû 
һô˵ƺһˡ϶ǰȡãԸ⣬ǸүүĲҲ˵ġ 
ȻԸ˵Ҳöʡ 
ڿ˰˴վڰ߲ߣŰֹ 
һ˵ͰѴһȥˡ 
ð죬鲻û˵ 
ֹһСӣһƬ֣ͿһӴկɽš 
ֻﱡƵΧɽ䣬ڣ 
ûߵկӣһζ˱Ƕ 
ʲôζ㰡̲ס˳ 
¾ߺʹϸţҲ˵㡣ǰĹתԴ˵ɽϵ̡ 
Ŷܷ⵹ǵһ˵ 
ɽС¯ɽɽġ߰ɣǰկˣٸǽй¯ɽĹ¡ 
 



ʮ 

       һկֻ﷿еľ¥еֻһ㡣һЩѾܾɣϲ˿һЩȴɨһȾ ǴһֵʯȥҲһľ¥ֻǲࡣǽһҿԺӡ 
ϹŲٹŻмһŰȫȾɺɫк¡ʱ˽þͶ˵ȥ 
ǣС㡣 
ҿǸͷϹŰ׽ˣ˳˳ȥſ˽ǸСӡҴҵ˽һۣźԹ˵ˣ鱻ץȥˣ 
һˣɫ̳ô£ 
ܵȥˣӷ˵ҩͱץˣ 
õͷһ˵ȥټңҪȥҪˣ 
ǸСӼۣµ˵կء𣿡 
һѽſڣȥկʲôڣģ 
Сˡûع˵ˣҪȥ 
վ˵ģ 
Ҳ֪ס죬Ϣһǵġ 
ǸŰ׽ͷ˲ˣСҪԳţæ²ס˵С㣬Ҫȥ 
ˣҪȥ 
һȥ 
ټҺһȥ 
Уִģկߵʱ򽻴²Ҫ嶯ôˣ˵ʲôҲȥ 
 
ߡ 
վ߹ȥ˵ҺһȥɣģһܰѰ 
ÿһۣ԰˵ģһСĵģ 
Ϊ˱ִùýаȥ֪ͨҲҪˡȻһȥȰ顣 
ԭõĵկˣԴϴ뿪֮ѾüûϢˡʱ䣬һֱǹڹկ 
Һ͹һֱߵӵĵ̣˵鱻ͨ춴ȥˡ 
Һ͹ָͨ춴ӡ 
ͨ춴Ҳûȥֻ֪ӣܶҿӿͨжˮˮдҪܹﵽڡ˵к졢ڡڴ˳ɣϻֱź졢ڡ죬ʾ 
ɽ·һǰֻϪˮ£Ա߹Ȼһֻɫġ 
ʹΪʲôѰ 
˵ҪѰ 
ڶҲÿһ˵Ӿ𣿡 
Сû¹ˮӾ 
һƺ˾ģ߰ɣˮ 
ҡ 
һû˵꣬ͱˮˮ̹ǣֱ¡ 
ôһֱȥ 
ǰֻˮ 
֪˶Զֿ˹ߣˮ⡣ 
ǰһϴԲˮأϿԿաڳر˰ 
˦˦ȫˮһĨϵˮ飬ˮұһڡ 
Ǹȥ 
Ǹɽ۵СʱʱʮСĵš 
ͨһĶѨ 
Żѣվмһƽ̨һˣʮּϣͷʹţȥˡ 
һ۾ϳǸˡ 
Уһס죬㵽һʯ档 
ʱǱߴ˵ߺߣô飬㻹ǹԹ˵һС椡 
 



ʮ 

       ̲סȥߣĶ˵Ҫ嶯취 ۾ң˵ͷҰ 
˼ʣô죿 
ϸ۲һܣ˽·ûڡǰʯÿԵסߡҶ˵ȥǣȥ˰飬ҳ· 
㲻Ӿȥɣ׷ҲԴӽĶγȥ 
룬Ҳֻôˡ 
ôʯͷ߳ȥվڹϴǱߵ˵ӣ˰飡 
Щһ˴˽ʱը˹ҴӴʯ߿ǿʼ׷˴ץסͣ 
ҲǷԼֻʯͷ߶˶㣬ôʯͷϷ˿ 
ѾˡҵĽŲϹˡ 
еĽŲͣϢ֮̽ͷȥãǻ£Ű顣ֻúӲƴˡ 
ûҽ˸죬׼ʹô 
ֻϵļͻȻ֪ʲôʱʼһɻĸоҼæһֱϳһͷ 
ܲôˣȾҪҴʯͷ߳ŹǱȥ 
Щ˿ҡһű̵ģˣץס 
ʣµļŹΧһͷɫһ 
һȴų˹ľһɨץסˡ鿪ȴҽץš 
һϡӲһҹĹӣץסľײһ 
͵Ϯһȭͷתһȭ˳ȥ 
û뵽̿Ѫ 
ҲԼǰȴδһȭˡ⵽ô£ 
룬ˣɱˣһ 
ҼæȥҹĹӣϻǰһ¡һۣһҧһȭһȭƴ 
һ˱һȭ 
ʣµŴˣ¹ӣȥڵϵˣǰΣҲ쳣 
ǸҲĿɿڴؿң˵ϰվʲô 
תͷȥǸӣ˼ 
ʱʯǱ˻ˡŴ󵶣ľߵ龰æ˹ҸȥȰ飬֪˭ȻǹҩҵĽ£ɳɳ 
ҳǱ߿ȥֻһһֻǹǹǰĻҩ̻ûʧ˿ʼǹװɳϻҩҼæˣղߵĶȥ 
󺰣ץס̵ģɱˣҪ 
 



ʮ ˮ

       һͬխС·һͨ Ҵ󲽼С˹ȥҲ׷ 
ǰһ޴Ŀնһ߿С·ͨնһߡС·±һб£һСӣ֪ˮжӵһҲһб£ȥҲһС· 
бߣһ˵ںӱߡſбϣָڲͣץΪˮˣ 
ץס֣ŷǸղߵǸˡһֻϰ°ȴˡ 
˱ضϣѪѾᣬһںڡ 
Ҹæɿ֡ 
˴˹ߵбǰ˿ңȻͣסֹˣƺӴһ 
˳һһվȣ˺Ҳȥ 
ںｦ޴ˮŬб± 
ʱͨм˹Ǹǹ˺Ҳˡ 
һæչֻŵС·ʯǰȥ 
ӶǹҪﴫһ󾪿ֵļС 
ֻһ˫֣ˮ岻֪ʲôסֱ³ 
ں˱ߣͬˮּæȥ 
ӷǹˮˡ 
ˮеˣûͬץס֣嶼ˮȥˡ 
žͿһðȻѪںӿһһ· 
е˿龰ŵʧǣûﻹסغˣ 
ѾС·Ƶһߣһ飬æټ˵ȥѰȥι񣡡 
Ұвá 
һ˻˵鲻ˡ 
̵ģôˣձƺ鲻ˣǾͰȥ 
Χߵ˶һæͨȥͨխʮһӶȥ 
ձ˻ֿ˸մˮˣȻȥ 
һƺˣ׷׻ȥˮˡ 
ֻˡˡֱƽˮ 
ܿ죬˶ͬʲôˮϡҽصھ޴ĿնĶǡ 
ˮȾѪ졣 
ˮƯ· 
Ӷ԰쳣ƽ 
ҷŭһʯͷһ÷顣 
ӿ˿ˣ˷׷װ󣺡ҪҪ 
ˮȻ˶ 
һ֮һֻ޴ģһĶˮ档 
Ǽһбϣʮȥ 
ӣһֻ󢡣һ㲻ҧˣǰ󢡣û뵽ʷѾĶȻ 
ձһͨȥձİС˷˹ȥ 
мߵˣһһҧ֧顣 
Ǳ߶ﴫģôˣȻ˲ҽУһͨ 
 



ʮ ܶ

       ˳ʯխС˶档 ЩҧѪģʬ壬θһӿ 
СĽ߽һ˿Ĺеֲ 
ȻѾˡʯﻹżʬ壬Ѫ 
ֹһͨصղŽǸˮرߡﻹɢŵѪζѾûӰ 
ûдֲӾˮס³ȥˡ 
ֻϣǱˣܻҡڶʱȻ־壬һ֪桭 
䡱 
ͻȻһ޴ıըιȥʯͷˮｦ޴ˮ 
ҿʯϣֹͣˣųȥ 
ӿˣĴԵʯڡȻˮһʲôð˳ŵҲûˮһƨڵϡ 
ץһֻ֣һȴһֻϱۡһæӵһߡ 
ʱ˳Һιû°ɣ 
ѰȥֻͷѾεˮرߡ 
ҿŰղڹĵطðͷһΪǰ󢡣 
˰߼ͷϵˮ߶˵ǰѶըˣȥ 
æô˭Ѷըˣô¡ 
˵Ѱȳȥ֮ңǡӺ˴ҴææܳԼǴ˸棬ͽ˶ߵԶͿڶڶըҩ굽ˮ£ŶΣա 
ô죿Щδ 
ڣͺͨġǿԴڳȥ 
ŶǺãû°ɣ 
ûʲô󰭡 
ǵĴߵû󢣿 
ҷߵġʲôûǿҳڰɣ 
ңŽţŶװͷɢڼϡҽվ 
ǻصǼʯңתֵľ޴նÿЩʬ壬 
ĺ󱳣ʣô£ôˡ 
һֻ޴ˮҧġ 
ʯϵС·һߣſ˶ٵģͬͱϵСǰߡ 
ҵʯڣһһŲøҲһš 
ǹϵˮԾͱڣͨ 
ǺòײŲͱڣǰһľ 
ͷʯϣһɳžӨ͸ģһŵĶе״ǶеǱһЩι״ 
ӦһܶЩ͹Ķʯ顣 
Һ͹ʯ飬һǰһ˳ܶǰߡ 
ȻýһգܶȻ塣Ҽæȥ 
 



ʮ 

       ҺҷӦʱץס˹õ֡˫һ 뵽ܶ²ȫʱпȥԹ˵Сģߣ 
õظţֵݸңߡ 
û뵽ǣĶҲסˡʯͷڶڣ޷ȥ 
ֻʣºˣҪٱըǾֻˡ 
ǰ棬Һӿ첽ӳȥ 
ںûз⡣ 
һ˸ߣ͸ 
ҿ˿ܣԭһýԶǺɫý󣬹ֲҪкˡ 
Һ͹øҪͻȻѾͷ 
һô 
ýеæתȥһͷװ㲡 
ѵǹţ 
ͷ͹ӵһһۣԹ˵ȳȥ˵ 
Ǹ߳Ǹӵľʹˣըҩܹˡ 
ѾԵЩɥ 
ͷȥָ˵ӣʲô 
һã˵ը˶ڣס 
ΪʲôҪ 
йҧҲˡΪ˲ˣǱڶס 
ߣ˵úҿǶߣȻͺýӹկӣǲǣ 
ҡûô룡 
㡭㡭ͷһϰ죬ֿ˼ӲԹɫƺʲôŵҲȥըڣˡ 
÷ŹŻկӡ 
Ϣһ£Ȼֲ˳¾ߺʹ 
Ҽæȥҹãûпͳ¾ߡ˵ûСֽܼҰʣֻ˵ǳȥˣû 
Ҹȥǣ˴˽ 
˵ǡǻ赹ˡ 
ץסʣ˭赹ˣ 
һˡ 
 
ڡڰмҡ 
ʲôмңһУʱǿȥ 
ϵмҵʱ˴ͳ¾ߵڵ֮⣬ûˡ 
һ˵ӣ̽йˣȥҴ׺ͽ 
 



ʮһ رͼ

       ˴׺ͽ֮󣬡ۡһڣ³һɫĶ ǶĴָС͸ 
˵ǾǽְѴ׺ͽ¾ߺȥ¾Ҳ³һãʹˡ 
ƺеͷۡԴ˵ôˣޣôˣ 
Һ͹ãЩ֡˵Ǹղ˹ƣιȥˡҿûƣŰǾѡô£ôᵽ 
ǳһ䣬ÿͣҺȲ衣ҿҸɾ࣬ôЩаŵĶ 
ԽǸɾķӣԽҪ˶֪˿ûе˼ңһƵ˼ҡ 
Ŷ£ɻ˵ 
Ǹеȥˣ 
У֪ 
Ȼȥɡ 
ҷų¾ߣʹһصüС 
Ϣһڶ죬ܺá 
ӣͥԺ塣¾ҲˡѾûˡ 
Թ緹ҪѲرͼſ 
֪͹ʲô飬ͷһԵøؿסҰѲرͼø 
һ˵㡭ôõͼģ 
ҿôĶ֪ôˣͺظͼʦҵġ 
ʦ˭ 
Ҹ 
ͼֿ۾ֱҡãְ̾һ󡣴Ҳ֣æȥŲرͼϻʲô 
ſŴ˵ⲻһŲرͼд֡ 
ʲô֣ 
ġһƪڹּܵ¼ 
ģҿɴû˵ô֪ģ 
ſ˿ңͻȻͼԼ·ѱת˴ҡ 
һĿ⼯е˹ŵıϡֻ泤һεĺɫۣ 
ҾǹᣡŰ·ȥת˵ 
Ƕһ 
ſʼͣԣȥ¡ָƽ 
½ɳĮһɽɽµĲͽ겿䡣ңԶŷޡֱһ죬зɽ׵ġеʦߴңϵĶһֻ򣬿Կ嶴еࡣ˭ҲûȥǾͷһֻʯͼ̽еİءԺֻͲϽĲ䡣ΪѾǺ͹йءΪ˶ֻ˷׷Ǩ˶ֻ֮ͽԶˡ˾ͺͶںһˡ 
ʲôֻҪȫ뿪ʱϢĵطҺʡ 
ǸղұϿʲô 
һεĺ񣡣 
Ǿֻʮ֮󣬾ͻ᳤ֺ񣣬ѪҺҲɻɫʹ೤ʮ֮ãֱһ̣ǽ 
ȵȣ㲻˵ֻѾԶ𣿡 
ͻȻһۣͣһᣬŽ˵Ϊȥ˹ 
ƺʲôһ˵ȥ˵һԶţѵǡ 
Դӳֺ֮󣬲ԶŴʵġҳڼңǶѰһֺķϧʼûҵ 
˵ֻҪԶǸͲ᳤񣣬ǹáҽʵ 
ûµģֻҪԶԶģͻû¡ҡǻˣ 
üطŹ˵ 
ӣѾˣԺկ£ȫˣǸӣҪµģ 
ȵȵȵȣһ£ϺҲ㱳ĺ񣣬˵ȥʲôˡʲôڣȥϡԣԣȥϣ˺ðſ˵ 
˵žȵ˵ 
 



ʮ 뿪կ

       ҾͲҿ϶ˣϺȥϣһֱûϢģҵķһᾡ֪ͨġŹ˵ 
ȻŲǲرͼǴеĿѾﵽˣҲûбҪټ置 
Һʹг¾һ£뿪 
ʣµʱ䣬裬ȫϡʱ䣬ʲôСԴȻûбأ置Ǻջġ 
ȥ֮Һͳ¾ߴٵζһΪ¶Ժﱸʽ𣬶ҲΪԼ㡣Ѿˣ༸κټΣʮһٲ 
ߵ죬ú͹һֱ͵˺ӱߡźʹһ˽һҿŰһֻ⽻˴ʹĹϵҲͲµ˼֡ 
͸˳¾һƯ·͸һ˿ŵĶ֪ʲôûе򿪡 
˴͹ùŸҲվڰ߳ǻ֡ǰ˼ǻ֡ 
ʱˮȥ˳ˮܿ͵ӱߡ˰ 
ͦȵģһôЪϢ 
¾߰ˮݸҡҴ򿪸ӣһˮȻó͸ҵǸһһֻˮţΡ 
ǸˮţǣЦŶ˵޸ǳÿˣ 
Ҳ֪ô£ֵؿʲô˵ʲô 
ǺǣֻˮţǾǶαﰮĽⲻǹ͸ô 
£ֲáһ˸ղߵʱ򣬹񣬻ǰ˼ʵҵĴ𸴡 
ţߺȻõǸ磡 
ҼæվͿԶó 
ãǡ¾߿ǰĹãɻѡ 
½㣬壬ܺһ·𣿡 
ҪһߣΪʲôʡ 
ÿһۣͷ 
ŶǺǣǺðɣѾͷͺһߣǣôأ 
ҵаͰչˡϣҲȥҺһܹһˣҪҸǵġ 
óһƤҽŵġرͼ 
ⲻǲرͼû˭ԹĸȤҲûð 
ҵǰƭǡԭȥɳĮҲΪҹıأû뵽ûҵֲȷǲرͼֻһ֣һ֣Ҳǣϣԭ 
óһżһģһƤͼֽȻ˵رͼݣǰݡҵҸǣرͼܷͬһ㣬ǧҪСġУŲرͼһä̵ҵֻ֪סϡǿȥ 
Ŀģùͼϸ˿ 
õ˵ͷ 
Һʹһ󣬼ȻѾŲرͼǾͲһˣȥǸä̵ˡ 
˵·ѻ÷ȵšظ˵û⣬ȻҵԺٻҲ١ 
ˣϹһĸˣɽת죬سǣ˻Ʊҹϡ 
 



ʮ ä

       ֮ĴתһȦرһ¹г챦еĶڱҲټ ݹ˵ǸäڴһСϡǴ˴سǡãҵǸС 
Сϵä̵䡣ұСҲû˵ʶ 
ѵäѾˣ 
չŵѾһʮͷˡȻӶû˵ˣܿѾ 
ѹ磬˼죬ô·ҶַҸطЪһЪԵ㶫 
Ҹ߽һС£ߺȣкãϹӺüûԶˡֶ 
һϹӡϽվϴûϹӣ˵Ҫҵˡ 
߳ȥϾ;ʧˡ 
ǵȷǸϹӣͷҵһ㣬ϴһ˫Ьϵ·ûһǺõģ˰룬ڵʯϡ 
ҸҪתصһɩ߹Ϲ˵ä̰ɶеǮȥԵİɡ 
ϹһŽӹǮǮһ飬ߺ˵ҽУҲʲôä̡ 
ǸɩûŸˡ 
Ҷ׵ϹԱ˵ạ̈ 
ڿ˻ȥֹ˰ 
ǵģǴӡ 
Ϲû˵꣬վĹˡ 
Ҽæصҵһˣä̡ 
Ҳûüԣһ˵ţȥ׷ǸϹӡ 
ϹӳСһС·Ǹ֪Ҫȥ 
һ֣ͻȻˡ 
¶ǿŽЦЦ˵ôˣȻϹҲ׷ϣǹˡ 
˺ܾãŷһïܵĲݴԺ棬һС· 
С·һֱȥһСӱߡмéݡ 
ǲź¶ĶůʯǼéǰƿţһղǸϹؤڵϣѪĶﱻͱһ 
ҼæϹӣһ 
ô£ҡҡ 
ءĹˡϹ΢ҵĶ 
ĹˣظһĵĻ 
ߵʣرͼʲôط 
ڡ 
Ϲӻû˵꣬ͷʹȥҡҡû°ɣιѡ 
ҰַıǰԣѾûˡ 
Ҷվſڵĳ¾ߺ͹ҡҡͷվ˵ô죿֪ѵͼһˡ 
ҽȰäˣ¾˵ӦøϿ뿪ˣᱻ֣Ҫ˿ôˣƺҲϴ塣 
һϽéݣԣԣϿߡ 
ạ̈éݡ 
ʱС·ߣǺܿƬС֡ 
һֱ뵽˭ɱạ̈ɱäΪʲôĹʲôˣŲرͼʲôܡ 
äˣˡƺѾԶȥ 
 
 




ʮ 

       Ļϡ ڴ˼죬һֻ÷Ѱˡ 
ѵɽ·УʱײڿӵλԱߴ¾ߺ͹λϣǽԶ 
ųľɫ񣬺Ȼ¾ߵҪʲô 
˻ش𣺡һˡ 
վڵλÿȥԳƾ˳¾ߺ͹ſߡ 
Ҽæ׷ȥҲˡס˵ֱʣͬ־ǲץˣ 
˿һۣһ˵ģһģ⻹һƤñŴӵĸߴ˴ӳ˹ץסҺʹ֣ǳһڳߡ 
ʲôſǸӣϧ˫־ǯһҼסˡ 
ǼԸر˰ﻹվˣмһͷ 
ĸ˰Ǵͷǰ˵磬˴ˡ 
ǲǾ죿һȻ 
ͷժīվƽ˵ 
ǷǷнѵͲ±֪𣿡 
Ǽһ˿ʼšͷȴŲæ˵ǼȻ֪Υһнķӡ 
һ˴ӻͳһѵӣݸͷŵӣڵԡ 
æЦ˵лú˵ҪʲôǶԸ㣡 
ѣ 
ͷµ˿ʼǵŮҲû⡣ѳŲرͼͷͼһۣ˵ôõͼģ 
ҿʼΪҲǸɵĹһеˡôҲᶢصģѵ˵ä̵йأ 
ͲùˣͼӦҵҪĶˣǿ˰ɣһش𵽡 
ߣߣûôףϴ󣬲ܷߣ硭һ߸ӶԹͷ˼䡣 
ͷ˵ͷ˵ȹ 
ǲ 
֣ 
 
ͳ¾ƴҳŹͷǵʲôˣΪʲôҪץǣ 
ͷֹס£ 
ʾʱǷſȻϣһơ˵ǲǿҲɱ˷Ż¡ֻܸǣҪҵνأǵȣҲڣĶֻҪǻţ;κ˿Ҳϧ 
äɱģͻȻһ䡣 
ͷЩȵؿ˵ô֪ạ̈а&amp;#8226æ˶ࡣһػżҫǣ˼塣ЩһֱһΣһĹǱǼĵʱϹ۾ӴԺҲûлȥʧһʮꡭ 
ԽԽһʲôشܣŲرͼǣץסʲôҲˡ 
Ϊʲôץҽʡ 
Ϊǿͼ 
ʲôǸ 
ͷЩԾ㾹Ȼֶ֪ͼǾ͸ܷˡɴɱһǧҲŹһǵֹһпܷΣգһܴڵв 
ô˵ֻҪͼ˾ͻᱻץ֪ǼûУûһ 
ǵʲôˣ̲סʵ 
ǵ̫ˣǹͷͷˡ 
ǱѺţ˫֣ҪǵʱͻȻǿײˡ 
𶯣죡 
žǹˡ 
ͷ£ƺûʶתôͻȻһĿɿڴվ˫ 
Щס˾֮һ߸ЬŮͻȻ˽ 
 



ʮ ʿ

       ǱǼǸŮ˴ߣ;һС˳ ͷ±˫֣ͣǼűܵĴ 
ĸ˱װһһģ滹족¾˶ˡ 
¾ȵؽеǲǾ죿 
ڸϵŮ˽⿪Ժķ˵ҲҶ˵ͳһǹӵţǿ˿ֲ˵Ҹǿɲһġ 
ͿˡǸʲôģ 
ʵ˵ɣսǹѧĿѧʿҺϲйĻѧϰйķˮѧ 
ʲôϵڿԷ˰ɣ 
ʿһۣ˦˦ɢϵͷҾǡЩĹ˲ŹǵġңǸŹˡʿóһƤǿߣһᱻ׷ɱġϸ룬ҲߣˣͿû 
ΪǿǼͼ⵽ô£¾߿Žʿõ𰸡 
ǽʿֻЦЦ˵⻰˵ͳˣҸطϢһ£ǡ 
ͣһҽ⡱ùǰ˳ʿ˰ȥˡԼҲߡ 
վڳǰĸģҽס˵Ըߣ 
ͣת¶Ц˵ųϣߡҷȰһ䣺СΪáͬһϡ 
ʿùݡҺʹŸô졣ڻЩ˵ĻǿͼˣҪȥᣬ˲ҪôùݣȥǸսŮ˵ĵϸҪôֱӻرνıҲҪˣһҪĿܴڵ׷ɱѡʵѲѹϵĵǺͿ־塣սŮһֺγܶΣգ 
˵ȽȥҶ۵òˣϢһҲá 
ùҪ䣬һ𣬳¾ߺ͹סһ䷿һڶ죬սŮʿǵţѴҽеķ 
֪ǲߵġʿɳϣЦŶ˵Ѿͼƴһˣ֪̲ص𣿡 
ţֻ𣿡סʵ 
ҴѳͼѵͼǼٵģ 
ţЩٳǵˣõ˵ͼҲ²˵ 
浽дʲô¾Ҳʡ 
԰Ҳ֪ý˵ 
ǣʵͼҵҲû⿪˵һŵͼͨ磬Ľ鱦ţ򡣿ǣħػڣҵˣᱻħɱ 
ʶģʮ־ȵؿǸŮˡ 
֪ǹģڵˡ 
иĺᣬ˵ǹġ 
Ŷйĺϣ˭ 
ҵûش˵ 
ŶʿһվԾŹáôҲǡ 
ˣҵԶ˹ 
 
ʿ˼ĬƬ̡ҴƳ˵û˵ôҵͼ 
ûСʿصɳ˵滹ᵽͼͨסǵƾôо飬Ҹҿ϶˵һĹĹˡʿͣһ£Ž˵Ĺ˾ǳɼ˼ľ棡 
 




ʮ 

       ͽʿദ˼죬һѧ˲ٷˮѧѧʷ֪ʶͬʱҲ֪ͼһЩܣԼϽٳǵǻ˵ йʷϣɹԪ۹ԪĽľ棬Ϊɼ˼Ǹŷޣŷͼ֮¡ɹΪ 
֮ȴǧ֮ա 
ʷأԪ꣬ɼ˼ڷ;Уꣶꡣ˵ɽ˻ɹţ˵һ󸾣൱ڻʺ󣩡Ǿʲôطȴ֪˵ڡȡҲֻһصȻ 
ȻĹ϶ɹžڣɹô󣬻ǵڲ֪ 
ɼ˼Ĺδ֣ɼһĳ֪ľ꣬ռ˲ֳɼ˼ɶ˹ԭ޽һɼ˼ꡣ 
ʿ׼ȥιĹϣܹõϡô͹ù˶Ŀ̫׳ΣգҪҺͳ¾ȥ 
Ǵ͹˵ʲôҲϣȻһģҪһȥΣҲ¡ 
ʿҲͦˬ죺ҪȥҲУСΪãҿɲ 
ʰһ£Ͻʿֱɻɷȥ 
ɻɹžڣʼвٷɳȥǽɳĮԽϷɣɳûˣҳ˴ƬƬĲԭ 
¿һƬ̵磬ε׳ۣε 
ɻɾڷСʱϲһУʤС 
˷ɻΪɼ˼ڶʤڣʿȴҪߣܵɻ̫ʱ䣬Ҫ޺ͼͣǾճȥɡ 
ڶʤһճʿ⳵ˣԲԿ¾ԱߡŷʿԳ¾ߺкøС 
ճ˶ʤУһֱϿȥȻǷïˮݣгϣоڴһ 
Сʱڵһϯӡ 
ϵһ֪ɼ˼ϱߵĸʵ¶ϡһɹ磬ȥʵ¶ע൱ںķĹ 
żճɼ˼꿪ȥϯΧɽˮľȻһˮء 
ճ뿪ӣѾԿЩԲĽˡ 
ͻȻһƥϵ˿ȥɹˣһֱǡ˲һףһһ˱ˣżճҳҿȥ߶ˡǺǱž룬ǳųɼ˼ꡣ 
ô£ô˸ǣ 
ǸɹЦ˵õģǶĹ˵ģǳɼ˼ĺӴ 
ʿ߿߻عͷ˵ŶǾǴ˵еˣ 
֣˺֣ҳϵػ 
Һʣ˾Ĺˣô֣ 
ɹ˵ǳɼ˼Լѡഫǰɼ˼Ŵ˹ԭطɽˮľ޵ڵԼ֪֡˥˵ĵط̫ƽʢĵطҲ÷¹ɳĵطͰ׷̰ĵط˵طõģͰ 
Ĳ˵ôĻͰڵϵ˸ΪǺţǸʵ¶֮󣬴ɽ˻鳵壬־ͻȻӣöҲʱ˵ЩĻͰطΪɼ˼أˣרЩ˾˵ĺţսۣɼ˼һ 
Ȼճɼ˼ǰʱЩ˶תͷˡ 
˳ɹлʿƺǸɹܸȤһʮСӣʷϤллָ·ɹһʷָ𣿡 
Се㲻˼ںڵϷ˺Σղզûôأҵ湤Ҵǽȥ 
ԭȻǳɼ˼ĹԱ˵ԱˡǸ߽˳ɼ˼ꡭ 
 




ʮ 

       塱ǻ֮⡣ ɼ˼ռأƽףšƷ㳡ȲɡŵһɹŰںйͳƷΪſʰһ߳Ʒдšɼ˼ֵҡ 
ǸǸ޴СӣһƬ㳡˴һĽܣһ߿Ĳá 
һߣ׵ĳɼ˼ĳɼ˼ףӢ˲ٲȻһɰµơ 
ʿַŵǰһƣ֪ɹеڡ 
ʿҹȥת˵ǵȥ 
޴ŴҴһȣźܶڻЩڻǹڳɼ˼ͽҵģսһġս޵ 
ע⵽һڻ滭һֲ䣬ְһԱ߻ݺܺڣһŽǸȥӦһսͼеǸӦþǳɼ˼ڻ°벿ǹŸɫͷˣ쳣עľЩͷˡǺЩװһȻʿҲϸǸڻ 
԰תһȦɲӳ͸ߴĽгͳһ 
޴ߵϾ׼ȷ˵ʷ񣬿һϸĽ˵Ա 
޴һ԰ҿ˿԰ܣһ޼ʵĴԭ羵ˮݷҷɹӢ׳һҲʲ 
޴Ҫǡ˵˭֪ɼ˼ĸʲô˼ 
ʿЦŴңˣ벻֪¾ûзӦǴһػش𣺡ɼ˼Ӧþ˵һǿɣǣҲ̫ 
޴ﻶŶˣΪǵȥСԣ 
ʿѾ㣬ֻڰϯҹˡ˳Сϡ 
޴ӲҪŴȥСԣʢȴҶǸϵһСȥһ١ζʮ˺˾ơҳԾСǽʿľ֮¡ 
֮޴ؼȥˡϵСùס 
˯ҹʱͻȻ˹¹͸䣬վڴǰ⿴¹һһŮվһǺǵ̸ʲôϵǸŮģǽʿǸеģǸͷںڰ 
һֱƣԶܿǸ˵ݡ̸֮󣬽ʿתˣתıӰͬʱ¹ر¶˳ 
Ǹ˾ڻϽٳǵĹͷϴ 
ôͽʿһ֮䵽ʲôϵ 
򷿼ȥ˽Ų֪ʿ䷿ķ䡣ŲûˣȻǹ 
Ҵţվڽʿǰ 
𣿡 
ǰվһͻȻʿתȵؿ㡭㡭 
ôˣ𣿸ղŽȥǳ¾ߡʿ͵ 
һһָƽ 
㿴ʲôˣʿ۾ҡ 
ûûСֻ뿴˯ûСˣһطˡ 
˼ʿͻȻס˵Ӧ̸̸ 
Ǹ˭ֱͣ˵ʡ 
㿴ˣǸͷŶˡ 
Ҳǰɣ 
㡭ô֪ʿʮ־ȵؿңҵĸ˺Ҳǰɡ 
ֻ֮ͬŻĬ͹ͷ̸ʱӺǣǵһμɣڳɼ˼ǰĶֻйŴɹ˲Ż 
ƾ㣬֪ҵݣ 
ȻҲֻǲ²⡣ 
ǡҸ׺ȥӢӢġĿѰһЩԼĶйо仰Ҷе˼ 
ҵɼ˼ĵط𣿡 
֪ǹͷѾӦңͻȥһطǼδ⴫ܡ 
Ŷ?ôᡭô㣿˵ôᱳԼļ壿 
ܼ򵥣Ǯǰʲôģ 
Ҳ֪ʿǮȻһػżʹˣѼ壬ſ϶һʲСĿ 
ҲˡеĹһ嶼δɼ˼ĹĶҪ㣬ѵȥһԼȼػĶ 
ȻĸҲûļֵˡ 
ҪǺһȥ 
Ϊʲô㲻кܶ𣿡 
ҪĲֻǮˣҪܰҵѡ 
ҴӦ˽ʿͬʱҲע⵽˽ʿ΢Ķ 
ʿţֻ˿¾ȴڷ䡣ܵǰһһų¾ߵ죬ٳֵһϡվһˡ 
ͷǸʲôʿڶ¥ǰ˺ 
ߣ˵ҵʣ˵ȿһ˵ 
㣡쵰 
ߣͷ˳ˡҿ¾ڳȥʿסңҪȲûеõҪĶ֮ǰ˺ģ 
бأ 
Ҳҿ϶˵ɼ˼Ĺıء 
ֻۿԶ¹Ѿ䰵ˡ 
 




ʮ 

       ڶ죬ڰϯ˹ͷȴ¾ߡ ôˣأ 
ģҲ˺ġ߰ɣҴȥͷһۣ˳ 
Һʹڽʿĳȥ 
ڴԭϱۣһ磬ǰĳͣʿôҺȵˮԵ㶫³͹ͷ˵˼仰ִ򿪳ͷǿ˿Ȼһǰһǰ 
ʽʿҪȥ 
ش˵С 
ֿ֪˶ãѾˣúʹڳ˯ˡŬ۾뿴ΧһСʿѾһߣ֪ʲôʱ򿪳˻һˡ 
ͷϴֱʿѾϵˡǰһǰ 
ͣһɹŰǰֱɻҲڲԶ䡣ҽѴ͹á³ɹŰ߳ͷˣǺ͹ͷ˵һЩ 
ʿ߹ȥԹͷ˵߰ɣѾˡ 
ͷȴ˵Ͼͽȡ 
ʿֵˣǰ󱳰ڳϡʿǣ𣿡 
Щ˵ˡ 
Ͻȡǳ 
ʿЩԸ⣬ǻǴӦˡͷ˽ɹŰֻһͷ׽档 
߰ɣͷʿһ֡ 
ȵȣҶԹͷ˵ǿˣ 
ͷһۣ˰ѳ¾ߴ˳ţ˿ڡǸɰ󣬹ͷԥһᣬ˰󡣳¾߿û˵ 
һԽʿ˵Һһȥ 
ʿ˵ͷ͹ҲҪȥʿͷͷʲôҲû˵һһһֵֻ磬ȡ 
ֻ֪ǽҪһɽȣĳɼ˼ĹҲʲôûС 
ԭ׽򵼣һֱǰ·ǲſ֦Ҷɽȡ 
쳣ԶǸɽﴩС˵ҹǰ죬Ҫû򵼣ɽҲ· 
֣ǰһ¡ 
һţɽ֮䡣Ҳϵŵһ̣ͻȻһ졣ãҪˡԼǺܾû˹һܲô档 
һûüһŰѣµȥ 
ǽʿϵİ̫ǰ档ץסϵڿС 
 
ҰѱŰϣȥһˡʿıȥ 
ҿȥǰ򵼴˵ 
Ҽϵıһ졣 
ߣҪˡ 
ں棬Ÿ̤϶԰ɽ£죬߹ŴӶˡ 
 



ʮ ͼ

       ˳źߡľɽˮֱһ׸衣 ּС·ϣҹȻֵĹ˻Ǹоû䵽ʵ 
ûԶͻȻʹһҼæֵΧȥԭĽŤˡ 
ҶĽţûСֱʹ 
Ǹֵܣ˵߰ɡڿӵĸҸطЪһЪ 
ҷŹõһ㿪ĵط£֦Ҷ˻𡣴ΧڻϢ 
֪˶ãɭ⽥˰׹⡣ʮһСӡ 
ˮȥӱߴˮѻȼţһҹû˯ѡ 
һ򵼻ˡһŵʿǰʧıھȻһˡ 
˵һľͷϣµż˻ 
ʿűлл򵼡ȡ汻ʪĶڻǰ 
ѾҲܿˡҿʼʰ׼ߡһЩδȼĻˡ 
ʿһŶһ߰ѷڻǰƷšһƤɻ˵֣Щʲôʱֵģ 
ͷһۣվʿվǰס 
ͷ˵ҲҪֻ뿴浽׻Щʲô 
ʿͼ̯ڵ˵ҶɡɫıǰûУǱˮʪ֮ųֵġ 
ÿͷضȥҲȥͼȷһЩɫߣмɽıǡ 
򵼿һ˵滭һŵͼӺȡ 
ʲôطʿͻȻһ䡣 
Ǳ˵Ľзʱֽȡھɽȵ 
Ǻпҵ񡯵֮ء߰ɣҼߡʿͼջؽҸǸ򵼼ǰߡ 
ţǰͻȻû·Ҳ·ˣ֪ôߡ̾Ϣ˵ֻܴǵˣܲҵͿԼˡ 
ʲôҪɽһܳȥͷ˵վססߵ򵼡 
򵼰˵ϴҳȥɣﻹСأһôŽ 
һҪˣŽģͷ˻ǰһƣǴ· 
ӣĲ֪ôˡɭײ治ǰ취 
ͷߵһһѿ·֦ҿ· 
˴ԼСʱȫ· 
ʿóƤͼҵ·ߡ 
Ǹ򵼺Ȼһܣͻæˡҳ߿ȥֻһֻźëþ˵䴩Ⱥ 
ܣҿܣǰߡ 
ͷͳһǹ׼ܣֶԴ˵Ҫţ׷򵼣ں桭 
׷ܵķȥˡʿĵͼڵϣҪȥ𣬹ͷ˵ߣ 
ҷŹøڽʿܡǹ죬һ˺ѷε޽С 
˵ܵʮֵغһӵԸ 
Һ͹ûԶͷ׷ˡһۣʹܹȥˡ 
Ťͷ˿棬ֻܷƵ׷һЩ·Ѿĺצ׵ؾ۶ˡ 
Źãûؿ񱼡ϱ֦ס˼Ѫӣۡ 
ǰһµб¡ҷŹýߡȻŵһҺ͹һɽ¹ȥ 
 



ʮ 

       бɽϴüβײɣһغ ҿб²Ǻܶҳ˻ץסһСͣڹô߹ʱ˳ץס֡ 
Һɽߵ档 
ʿйͷվһһˡ߽˲ſǸܵ򵼡վھһʮԶĵطһ 
ҷŹߵʿԱߣôˣ 
ʿҲûңֻ˵֪Ҳаˣ 
ʲôа 
Ҿȵ̧ͷǸ򵼡ֻʼسǰȥһɽڣȥһ 
ͷǰȥֹʿʹ֪ΪʲôҲȥǰ˼ͻȻŵһɴ̱ǵζǾƾȻ;ôԻĿģǰڵġȻҫ۵İɫ 
²ͣسǰɫ߽ 
Ȼ֮䣬ǰһ˵Լ˻ȼǰɫһյʲôҲûˡ 
ҸоΧ¶ȿʼߣǴڻ֮һѰǽȴͣˣһֱǰߡ 
ҸоȫͿҪȼʱ򣬽²֪ʲôһһͷǰȥ 
һҪǰļ˶ײڵء 
һѾǵɽڡʿ͹ͷڣΩǰ򵼺͹á 
һղſǸŻˡ򵼻ǡã 
ϸһ룬Ǹеġ 
ҽسѰ˵ؼɽҲ޺ȫһƽ̹Ĳݵء 
ʮףͿôӰ˸ߵĲݴȽŲãǱݴ԰ˡ 
Ҽæȥû¡ҡҡͷ 
ʲôط 
Ҳ֪˵Ӧûǰ⾰󣬸ɽȡ 
Һ͹ҵʿˡҲ˵ղԺͷתģ㲻ôᵽ 
ͷߵһߣ˼˵ѵ˵ģ 
ҶĿ⼯е˹ͷϣʿʲô˵ 
˵ɼ˼񣬵껹ĹǴߣȫʧȥλʱ߲ȥͻ 
ǸϿȥæҪߣ˲Զִк˵ˣɽڡˣ 
һæʱ·ȥȻܶһǵڲˡ 
֣̫ˣʿ̾Ϣ˵ 
ƺ˹ͷţ˵˵ģǲôȱһֱػܣԭǲǲȥǵһ߽Ҳȥ 
ҲЩˣдҸϿҳڡ 
ïܵĲݴĴѰңһֱҵڣȴûҵ· 
ʿѾĸСʱˡٹСʱȥ֪ǻ᲻˵ 
֪ʱʲôɱǣǴҶǸһȼʲôҲʣ¡ 
 
 




ʮһ Ĺ

       ʱֻʣСʱˡ ǴֻеֵͲѰҳȥ·ҹܺڣֵĵط඼ 
֪Ƭƺ˶ãת˶ȦһʼǾԭشתΪҷһرߵĲݴԣÿһ߹ʱܿ 
ߵýƣͷתʱֻص˾ǶѲݴԲԶĵط 
ȵȣҪʱҽסǣûзǸݴԡ 
ʲôݴ԰ﵽǲݣ˵ﰡ˵ 
ǿǶѲݴԣָŲԶĲݴԣʹһ˹ȥᲦǰһݣȻ峯ǰ̽̽ݴԣһڵĵضڲݴԺ档 
ҽе 
ҰѵڵضڵĲѹڽ£յǰֵ΢̽ 
ѵǳڣʿһ˵ 
ȥŵͨ桯 
ͷ͹öûֻдֱҡͷȥȥҲȥ 
˶˶һվں棬סҲ˽ȵң 
һεͨĹﳣͨʩԱߣĹһɣͻסġȻ˲ʮףһʯŵסȥ· 
ֵĴǵʯţһ϶ҲûУȫˡ 
ֻ˻ȥˣ̾Ϣ˵ 
а취ʿıóһСĶͷһʵʲô 
ʽը 
 
һը׷ܵһߡʿдҲؾţֽӴʽըޣûпըװ֮ǰҲµġ 
Ϊ˰ȫʿдˣһ˰ըװʯϡ 
Ȼըޣǻ˳˶ڡһ洫һǱڵֻصǵʯǰ 
ֻǵʯԵ˼ӣһѾһʿʯ壬ƺЩɶ 
һƣ 
Ұֵ罻ţ͹ͷһȥʯšһǵѵűƵˡ 
ʿֵգȻ󴩹ǵţ˽ȥ 
 
ȻһƬȫֻСֵǰŰźǰߡ 
Զʯڣܸ˵˴ͨһͨĳڡ 
ûԶȻһһƨڵأ۾棬ֱ 
ͣ½Ų̧ͷϿ 
ֵͲȥʱ򣬹ͷͬʱǹһֻ޴ǰֱֱ׹ڵء 
ڵϵģһ𣬲ͷϵĺˮʿȥ˿ֻ𡣴긦ʵʲô𰡣զôƣǡ 
һ͵ѪԶҪСģܻУ 
û˵ֻ꣬žžãһֻ˶Ӷ£Ƿɹ 
ҿܰ 
ͷֻһǹ֪ûСһǰܣѾһĵطû´ĻӦĹڤˡ 
ûٳ֡ڤǷʮ߰׹ǣǳ˹ǼܣǱɱ֮ġ 
ʿоһڤʼ½ۣһֹϵĹͣ߶ṵֻǲ֪Ĺ˭ 
ͷ̲סʣҳɼ˼ĹģָƣʲôûУֳȥ˵ôɣ 
ˣôȥ취ûʱˣ˵ʿһ 
а취ȻͨĵطӦÿҵڣ 
ôңʡ 
ţ˵󲿷ֿһɸζʿһζͻ䵭ϸһš 
˵˳ʵĿͿҵͨڣʿ˵ 
²Ĺרµͨڣǵ˷ֹ˵Ĺ 
еҿһš 
һʱ䣬˶쳤˱Ĺȥƺųŵŵˡ 
ҶŴ󣬿ߡһ·һһȻǴһĹҡ 
ǼĹзһײġײһƽ̨֮ϣƽ̨м̨ס 
ֵֻ綼ûˣ߱ɽơֵһһ̨ףߵǸײǰ׸ûиǺãԣһ˽Ĺˡ 
ƿ׸ǣһе˰ 
Ҷһ׷˼ֵصǰ￴˿ 
ŵһʬ 
ֻʬ̫ͬһˡ𣬶ݱ˺ܾõĸʬҲôҲǾ⴦ľ 
ϹߺէһȥһˡֲùûԾС 
û£ֻһ߸ʬкҷġ 
ǶΧײǰˡʿϸǾʬ壬·ͷݣֺͽŵȵȡ 
ʬԱҵһͭǮС塣 
ʲôͷضǸ 
һ䡣ġ 
ŶֵǮ 
Ҫȥɣʿ䶪˹ͷƺϲ 
ϸ˿Ǿʬ壬͹ײΧĲá˵Ĺô򵥣ƷҲֻôһǰĹΰǵõĶȥأǽĿǱ˵ġ 
߰ɣҪˡǻҪ취ȥʿȻ˵ 
 
ǴǼĹңһյʯҡ 
ֵһ飬ǰһȻһܵҿǴġ 
̫ˣԳȥˣ 
ҿܵһӶ˷ʿаСʱ죬ȥ 
һܵȥߵڣͷһǿҵĹߺȻȥǿҲʧˡ 
ֵգһСģԲεġӡܵڡ 
һ۾Ϳˣǻƽģ 
ƽ𣿣ͷһһеسԲȥ 
Ҫʲôʿ 
ͷһԣһֱߵԲ棬Žţֱ˫֣ȥժ澵ӡ 
һʼƺеЩҡ˼£澵Ӿͱȥ 
סԲ۾Ͽ˿֪ʲôͷ͵ذѾӵڵϣһ̧ͷþͽˡһɱߺˣȥɼ˼˵˹ƺҪһȫɱˡ 
ιôˣͷʿţͷʲôҲûȭͷ˾ʹ 
ҡʿʹأͷ˷Ƶ׷ɱǡ 
ס˴ĲӣҼæȥ֡óңſҪ 
ͷʮֵĴƾôҲ֪ʿʱܹȥ澵ӣֻһǾӣ̼ҵץסԼͷ 
һѾͷɢ 
ͷ˹ãȻ֣ﺰ 
˵һֱʿƵģһУһ 
Ҳǡ 
㡭˭ͷ˹õĻֵؽ֣֣Ҫɱ㣡 
ͷתȥҵһ£һƣôľұƵǽϿš 
ҿüʿµֵ磬ܵͷ׷˽ȥ 
ʿȻ˷Ƶץƽľӣƴҡ 
ʯͻȻܵһʯڴ¿ʼ䡣 
ʱǧһƽܵһʿ澵ӣܹȥôҲߡ鼱֮£ֻýΣȻϽܵ 
ʯ˲סǼʯݡ 
Ұֵ罻Žʿһ߳ܵ 
ҴһǣֻصƬݵء 
Ұѽʿڵϣ̾˵ô£ôֻˣ⣬⡭ô£ 
ֵֻʣһǻˣûˡʲôҲ 
ˡˣ 
 
 



ʮ þ

       ֪˭ѣۣѾˡ һû 
ͷ˵Ǹʲô˵Ǽٵģ 
һµȴʿվԱߡҰ˼⣬æʵûˣ 
ʿʲôҲûƵ˵ôˣ 
㡭㲻ǡ 
ұˣǺǣһжǻþ 
ʲôþ 
ҵԴըˣôǻþ 
Դʵôˣôɽ 
һԼһȥĵطЩۡɽرԵĵطһ޴Ļ 
ʲôְ߹ȥϸʿ˵ҪȥСʬħ󡯣һܹɢ壬˵񾭣Ӷﵽ˵а 
ʬħ󣿣ϻôĻŶˣ˵ǴɽϹ֮󣬾ʬħĶ˻þ 
Ӧ 
ҹȥˣ 
СıϵǻԶԶĺã 
Ǿȷһˣأ 
ǰأǸͷҲòˡ 
ٿܣȻɽ߶ɽмһ·· 
˿ʼŹõ֣Ĵ 
ͷЮŹվһôǰ 
Ҫʲôҿʡ 
ʲôҲɼ˼ĹҲòʲôôڲˣҪǮ 
㣡ɽܲ߳ȥ֪أôôߵ˵ 
ߣ˭˵߲ȥҪȥܼ򵥣ֻҪߵ˾֪ˣ 
ʿʿ˵ҿԸǮȰˡ 
ȳȥ˵ 
ʿ±һԭо 
 
 




ʮ 

       Сʱֱ֮ɻǴƬ֡ ǻصĵص㡣ͷ˰ѳ¾Ҳ˳ 
ҪǮʿվڼճǰ˵ 
ʮ򡣡ͷش 
ʮɲһСĿҪôǮʲô 
㲻ùܣǸǲ 
ô 
ߺߣҾɱ 
ҪɱǸʲôϵߣֲʲôˣ 
һʿô˵֪鲻ͳȥվм˵Ҫ˺ǡ 
ǰǰҲȰ⡣ 
ߣҪǮҲŲʲôأ 
ǮҿԸ㣬Ҫһʱ䡣 
ûǮ˵ôϻʲô 
һŬȥ׬ģ 
Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ʮ꣬ʮꣿ 
һģ 
ٸϻʿȻͳһ֧ǹͷǹ 
ͷ¶ǹۣһӣļȻǹʽͽ㣡˵Ҳǹʿ˫ʼǹս 
Һʹ㵽һߣͷµʿ˻ǹصڼžɽ 
ҿúͳ¾߶ɹŰĲ棬ȥǶԶһ㣬û뵽һоվǹ׼ҡͬʱͻȻ嵽ҵǰ档ǹˣµȥ 
Ҳһеȥסкãá 
һ̹ͷЮס˳¾ߣǹĲϡ˫ֹͣ˿ǹ 
ȻﺰŹõ֣۾ 
ǹҽǷǹͷѺų¾ߣԽʿ˵ 
ǰǹ˵ϡ 
ϴŵΣ͸ҵġﺬЦ˵㡭 
ҵͷ 
ʿԹͷ˵ˣҸǮ 
Ϲͷ߳ŭ˵ǣƾʲôĻι˵ûУ⻹һأ㵽Ҫһ 
һ¾߱ǹָţ˵ҪʲôҶӦҪǮⱲƴҲḶ㣡 
ߣһ麺ӣҽ쵹ҪҪС椣㻳 
Ҹ¹ϲϹҵαקûվһͷãҪ֣ͬʱҲͿѪֱ 
ҪˣС椾ȥ 
ҿ¾߱۾ 
Ҫ 
Ҵһվˣתͷȥ̿ҪһС 
ӿǲǹְУߴһϤ̧ͷһϺӣ촵ǹڡhirlyҲˡ 
һͷǹڵء¾߰Ȼ 
ͷ»ˣΣˡǹָʵ㡣 
ҼæãȥʿȥҽԺʿ˰Žֱɻ׼ֱɻȻֻعͷԳ¾˵һ߰ɣûʲôֵġ 
¾ľȻسʿȥ߹ߵʱȥǲ֪ҵòûţ㿪ˡҺ 
˽ʿķɻУ죬ʧ 
 



ʮ ת

       ôãӶԺһ˵ ҿǷ߰ɡ 
ˡ 
ǾͰ֡ 
ǡ 
ôôġ 
Ϻһһۣ䲻ͷƿӣˡ 
㿴˰ɣӱԹ˵ 
ǺǣҲãʡ鷳Ѱ졣ҲϿ߰ɣ˵ 
ܿ죬ҺϺһ뿪ɽȡҺô 
Ϻ˵ⶼǴָ· 
ԭһ·ǸŰŲġԴӴ֪вرͼ֮󣬺ֱѰҳɼ˼ĹϺϵʹûϹ 
ϺʲôջƲƲ죬˵㶼ˣ˲աҪȤĻҲɽ·ȥתתҵɼ˼Ĺ 
ϺϿڰ֣˵»ѧҸɰɣϺֵͷ 
һЦ 
˺֮󣬺һ˱Ϻ۵ܡ 
Ұ͸ҵϬţλʺϴӦǰ顣ҵ˼һ˻置 
¾߸ŽʿȥӢҺʧȥ硣 
Ҽ˼԰г⡣ʱҲϺǳȥתһת 
һʱͿ͹ȥˡ 
 




ʮ ط

       ˵һᣬпգȥʲô ᳡õþǰһųӣڷҪĶվڸһĻ̨ϣŸӡ 
ˣʼһ˵Ż˽˰ҪĵһŶ峯һֻƿ׼ǣ飬ÿͼӼۣ顣 
˼˵һμۣž˳顣ŴʵµˣҪ۵û飬峯Ҥƿ 
һͷ׵˼ӵˣ顣˺Ȼɤ󺰵飬˸߹ôһΣڶΣɽ 
ɵõֻƿǵڶŶһѹ١׼ǣ顣˰Ѷãû˳ֹۡһ˵һγۣ顣 
תͷȥ˿ˣȻĴ˺ܶ࣬ҲЩ仯һϳ 
顣Ҳһμۡղų۵˳ҿһۣû˵Ⱥ˳飬ܿͼӵˡûٳۡӼۣһ˵ĴѾȥ飬ǼĹٱһˡ 
ŶǱε⣬һۣ᳡ȥ 
Ҹ˳ȥתҸʱڵ̯ĳС￴ƿʲôģþͷˡ 
֪ȻתԼԶ˵ϸҸʶ 
ҳһ˵ߣ㲻ʶˣǡ 
ҵʲô£ûµĻͲҪңϣˣ 
ҡ 
ûң˦˦ͷˡҿԶػ˼԰ 
ǵ˸ƵģϸһҽȥҲûз 
˵үǵʲôôͶ룿 
·һһңָæص˵һ֪ɶôɣǡϷүߵģ 
Ϸү˵ϲ̫ĹĶҲܱһ鲻һ㡣 
ǿɲˣɶֻҪֵǮ˵ģ˵˼ҵĶǹʹĶҲóģ 
Ŷ£Ƿİɣ 
飬ɲǸɷ£ǴӱȹģɱҲȥ 
֪үһŲ𣡡 
ٺ٣ⶫðǼǵˣζЦѡ 
ˣ߷æȥˣıɡ 
˼԰һصĵķû뵽ǳ¾߾Ȼˣ 
㡭ˣһʱȵ˵ 
һ𣿡 
ǰô 
û¾Ծʧԣ΢ЩΡ 
Ŷʲôʱģ 
Ҵͳˣû뵽㻹ס 
һֱﵱԼļңҰҾһֱ統Լˣû뵽 
ȥϷ𣿡 
ʱȥʲôʱȥҿһȥ 
áһ˻ȥġ 
ˣʲôʱعģԺ󻹻𣿡 
յã˵Ժ᲻ߡλҲûʲôҪ£ֻе㻳ȥ 
ʱ 
˵ɡˣ 
վſȥԺţ˵ĺܿ뿪˶ĺͬ 
 



ʮ ԰ϣ

       ˼԰һ˵ǰϡ λһг˴ע⡣һ˿ĺӣ治֪װʲôÿ߹һҵ̣ĵк٣ˣ裡 
ǣֻϵĲߣǼơ 
ߵҸǰʱվ˵ʲôҪְɣ 
һۣǰ˼Ȼ߻վǰ˵мöۣ 
˵УҸطú̸ 
ʰöϵطĵһҲݣһķ䣬š 
˵ͷǵÿ찡ϹͷѾǲˡСӰССͣҪʲô綯𳵣ֻð洫ıˣø綯𳵣 
˵ϵҪʲô 
ǸطŵϣȻһ˵˵ͷ̾һ 
ذǸõǰϸһ棬ȫǶĻͼ֮ȥӱϵĿءӴˣһԽ˿ԧ졣 
ӴǺñҿ֮󣬸̾˵Ҫ٣ 
㿴ŸɣǮ֮ȥġҪȫ˿ľͺ 
Ǵһ˿̲£ҵҼϰһļǮ˭ҲԿ㿴 
˲ãȥȥɣ 
ҽв跿Ϻò裬ֽȥҴϺǹһ¡ܿ죬ˡҰǸӸǿˡ 
Ϻ˻϶ǣǰĶֵǮһ£ܲܺϻ˵ⶫǺö𰡡 
Щ㶣ⲻô˵ˣ 
ҿϺһԲ 
һɫЩš˵ôֲˣǲô 
һۣ˵ǿģǳôǮ˼Ҳ 
˼ҿͷϵĺǾۣܳҿвУ 
ôǳأϵĶȻϳˡҪ٣˵ 
˼һ˵ҿϵļǮһɣ 
ļǮϺһۣϺƺҪ˵ʲô˵һ壿ǹһ㣬Ǯ㹫ðɣһһ壬Ҫˣ 
ϳϲõɫºˣԸߣԸӲһãˣá 
ҿϺһЦ˼֪׬ˣһ׬˲١˱ˣȥྡ 
˵Ǵǰһģʽ 
Ǻǣ 
ϸٰж೤ʱˣ 
ˣԾͲ̫ðҿǼǵһǸʱ̫ߵΪһ󹦣̫˵ýʹԽ˿ԧ졣ϰҸףҸ˾͸ңңꡣʮˣ 
ӴϸǴٰɣҪôܼ̫أ 
ǺǣҲ̫ҲǸߡ̫Ǽ档Ҫ˵̫Ϸүֻ찡ϧûôˣʬҲûġ 
Ϻһ⻰лҲʼĻȤˣǰʳʶ̡һϣͶ࣬ϻһ򿪣ûûˡ 
ʲôϲʲô˹һûꡣ˸ţ˼ڻʹ߶Щ棬ֵžɹ 
һѿˮУ˽⵽ʮǰһ׮δ˵ĵĹ԰֮Գ԰ΪıﵽҲ֪ʲôطҾ˵ǴαĶֵԹۣʷϻмأ˵ܹһЩıǼԸ˵Լǵ԰ļ֤ߡ 
ǼĹڣ꣬й֮õĴϲĹ 
ϲ˭ǿ˾֪䣬ѹʵ۵Ůˣ˵Ƿ⽨ͳûɱ֡ǰļݳޣҲϷĹ˵й⽨ͳġĹĶֵǮֱԺΪ˽Ĺֻ˶ϧǣЩѪıһһΪУ֮Ҳö֪ˡ 
ϲ꽨嶫꣬ҲڵĺӱʡСʮң˷𣬾Уĳ 
һ꣬м͵ˣ񻯵صһ졢ıҪһƱ˵Ĵʵȥ꣬Ϣǡñһھﵱ֪ˣ˼԰Ǹ˵ıܣ˽Ըܽȫʱһ 
ȫȺҪĹϢ˵صľӢǡһӢϽ 
һȺ˽뵽һĵĵطʱӢһҹ峯֮ӢľӺˡ̱ӣЩ˱ں֮ڣһսܿͱˡ 
ʤԸΪӺܿͻ뿪Ȼû뵽ǣӱ嶫꣬ռ˼Ĺ 
Ӣ͵棬˵ҪϰֲһʦΧʵʵˣĴڣ˷ڣڷԲʮǹʾ˭ҿʹ˭ 
Ըȫֵ֪ܲǵľͷͷҪ˲ƣĹ 
 




ʮ ԰£

       걻Χ֮Ӣܿ쿪ʼĵĹƻѡһ׼عᶫԸȫֵܶС ǵعڱһʯŶˣ޷򿪡ǵʯŵǶʯģڶáӢһٽըҩըһͨ˵ĶѨƣӢĹһле˶˵𵹶Ӫκ۲֮ܲ֡ˡСҵǰĹԳáһɷֻ˲ͬ֯еĽĹֻΪȼӲһ򾡣һɽУξҲеĲ߶ʮһֻΪ˷ƶֶΣר㱩ƻҲһţɽˡ 
Ӣʲôɽˣ˵ǡ̱ʲôɹġ 
˵ضըһӣһ˳ӽ˵ع 
һУҵһĴһŰ˿ڹײġЩǼƵģȥǰ˿ڹײġȷв䱦ΣȻʲôϡ֮ѾЩĴ۽硣Ӣ㣬˿Щŵʬ壬Ȼûдϲ̫档 
˶ãŷһʯЩ֡Ȼʯһšǿдţ浱һ޹ 
޹ƻֺ룬סʮλʵ۵ϽһȣҲܰϽǸȥӢ쳣ЦŴ˳˽ȥҵһײġ 
Ǹײһ߾ͺ«ͷףһٲҪߴࡣǴϲʺĽס 
ӢŴϲĹײؾ䱦˰εŪǸɫĹײġû뵽Ȼһ˫عףõֻףֳһߺڹס 
Ӣҽ˿ˣõıС˿ڹס 
׸ƿˣһӸǡӢԽҿӸǣ䱦ŹâõֵĹâҲڸȥˡڳ˶ĿɿڴؿЩ޼֮һˮˡ 
Ӣһ£һƵײģϲʬҲ˳֮ҲûСӢûи̫ķƻᣬЩӴϲıȫ˽С⡣ȻˣǴĵطıҲвμӵĹ˴һʺˡ 
ԼֵҲŵ˲ٺôĹ֮󣬿˵Ǻ䶯⡣һֵǷֽ꣬׷ǴӢ޳ΪǰĹڻʵ걻ҲһгӢ 
Ӣͦסˣֹͨϵҵ˵ʱͷӴӶϡײˡҹȹתʯˡͨ˹ϵӢ˷ಿҲͳ䶯ȫĵĹ֮ 
һЩȴδ⣬Ըȫֵܣһֱڼ˿սʱڲŻͷšȫͷųþˣֻԸһֱҲμ˰· 
һӵĹ£֮ϸ˿ǸˣȻѾʮ䣬ϾȻʲôƣ壬ɵúܡ 
û˵Щʲôطȥˡ̾һ˵˵ܶ࣬һ˭Ҳ֪ǲˡôҲûһǱʲôܵĵط˰ɡ˵Ҫߡ 
ͳš 
 
 




ʮ ᾭ

       ĩһȥι۹ʹԺ˵ΪʲôҪȥ˶걻֮ĺ档 ߽Ժʱ򣬲ǰι۵˶ΧһչƷǰ档˵ǵڴϲ̫ʬϵľᾭ 
һƶеģԼεľǷʥƷרʬ塣ΪС䡱ԲŽᾭʹþһְο𾴣һг飬ʹ価뼫Ĺáڷ⽨𱰣ȼɭϣ˶õġ 
ݡ䡷أֻлʵۡʺ󡢻ʹɡ̫ӡӡӸſʹþ˶õͲſʹáͬǾߵݵλͬĹҲһʵۡʺ󡢻̫ʹ֯ľֻʹӡƵľ 
ϲľϱǶżֵǵ飬ǱӢ˸⡣ͼģֵܸߣʾ˺ܸߵķ֯ˮƽ 
Ǽɫľǰ˺ܾãȻºܾˣǶڵڴϲϵΣǶĿĹϣȻԲµһ֡ 
ӹʹԺѾˡһֱڸ̾ϲ̫Ѿ˼޽ĵ¹Ȼھսвϴ٣ԼҲδѡʷʱϲ˿ЦҪлᣬһ뵽ȥ 
صң˷Ѿϣ㡣 
ڴϣʱͻȻšҴһǳ¾ߡ 
ʲô𣿡 
Ƚȥ˵ɡ 
Ұýݣǰﲻ֪ʲôװһʲô£˵ȿĶ 
ҴǸһȻǰڹʹԺۿᾭ 
㣬㣡Ȼ͵ 
һƷ 
ʲôҳԾؿٵģϸ˿Ǽȷʵһ˵ǼٵģôҲƷ 
ҪƷȥǼƷ 
ôУǷģ 
Ҫһȥ 
ʲôǺǣ㿪Цɡ 
¾һϵͻĻҸֱ̫ͻȻˣҼֱǰǳ¾ߡһǹˣǹġ⡭⡭ֱûš 
ߣû°ɣһãȻؿôáǲʲôѴ˵ֻҪ˵һ㣡 
¾ƺν˵ûаҸղŸ˵ֻһСæѣ㲻Ը⡣ѵķϡˣҲǿ㡭 
ʲôСæⷸ£Ҫεģ 
Ǻã͵ûһһȥġˡ 
¾ùĶŽתš 
ʵڲһȥΣյ飬Ȼ֪ǡôܲأ 
ҸųţסҲһȥ͵뾡ܵȰסһ˵Ϻһȥˣ 
ΪʲôҪȥ͵ǼᾭΪǮ𣿡 
ô˵㻹ǲϰңǻʲô˵ġ 
תҪߣҼæȵȣҺһȥ 
Ǹ磬Ҿ֪һҵģ¾תؿҡ 
ʲôʱ֣ 
ϣֻҪӦҾͺ 
һȰҪȥһʱ֪ô˵㡭ΪʲôҪ 
ΪʲôֻҪشﻹǲ 
̾һ˵ðɣҰ㣡 
 
ʹԺһ¡ʱҲûʲôܵķʩֻмܵĹԱҹʱ򣬻ûˡ 
¾߽ý֣ĶٲȻһǰǸССˡܹرѵ͵һѾ졣 
Ҹһֱ˹ʹԺǼᾭǰĿ֮£ʶĿںҹ£ɫĶӷȻ 
¾ߵǰһ飬ȷҪĶȻȡǼٵᾭ 
֪Щרѧǵ۾ҲӼ췢ֱʱ䡣 
¾߰ѾңҵͻȻЩһӰŽԤ׼õĿڴ˳س˹ʹԺûκκۼ 
 




ʮ һٴ

       ⼸˼԰˺ܶ࣬ⶼܺ ֪ôˣҷ᲻񡣴һԲ߹˵ôˣǵ˻Ƶģǲʲô¹ȥеĻϽ˵˵ 
ҿ֪˵ʲôſ˼οڣȴʲôҲ˵ֻǳ̾һ 
զģô̾ˣⲻ 
˵үæȥɣùˡ̫ˣϢ죬㿴в 
УУϢ죡ɴ˵ 
ʰ궫ͻ˶ĺͬ 
ŶǼסһķӣԴŹȥĵεΣ˵ɶζһü죬ҶһЩȥ飬ԼĶҷζ뵽ߡ 
֪˹԰⹫԰˲࣬СһĺЩ΢硣ںߵһʯź淢 
˵ʲôԭҺĿתһͷͿԼʮԶĵطһƤп˵߿תͷװʲôҲû 
˭Ϊʲôעҡ߹ҺȻվ׼ƸȦӴʱųȥ 
ҹ⴩ԣϷȺһ⡣Ȼųſȥбۿ˿ûз˸ 
˹԰ҵȻӿ졣ƺʼʶʲôˣֻû뵽ô졣ôֵģôҵҵģһһϺ 
ܿߵԺſڣһ̧ŽȥͿһɫվڼǰ˼߽ҽйȥʣǣ 
˵ǡ 
ǰȥʹ 
ԡô 
ʹмˣ˽һϣǰ참 
ԭ¡úãʲô㾡ңһʲô㡣 
Ǹ죬ҺòײƽҪϿҵ¾ߣѵ˼˾ģһҪȰǼȥ 
ұ˳ССùݾƵ꣬Ƕûг¾ߵ˵סȴҲ 
վһվڡڲð¾ߣȥΥ¡ҲˣҲ֪ô졣ˣҪϳͻȻӳ˽ֶ߹ĳ¾ߡ 
Ҽæ߹ȥסңƤգգ۾ôˣʲôôŻš 
Ұϣͣĳֱ˵˵ȥװɣѶȥԻͷ 
ңЦ˵ȥû°ɣôȥֲ 
ʲôϣ˭ˣ 
Ҳܸ㣡 
ߣȥץ˫˵Ѱɣ͵ǴᱻץģҵģѶȥȻҺһȥɳס 
ңͻȻ˵Ǹ磬㻹𣿡 
ʲôôͻȻôʣҡ 
شң㰮ң 
ҿҵͻȻ뵽رܣû뵽ץסҵ֣Ҫҵ۾ 
ҡ㣡 
¾ɿҵ֣Ϻޱ仯ֻǸӳĵ˵ãȻ㰮ңͲҪǼ˵ȥ㱣ֻ֤֪ 
⡭㡭ұڵ˵ǡ 
Ǹ磬߰ɡ㲻Ҫסڶĺͬˣһסɣ¾סҵ֣Ҳ֪ɷغһ뿪š 
ҺᵽŸʱҪȥ˵ҪһɽϼңһʱزҪһЩǮ˵ʲôҲջȥֻý 
һ䲻ķӣΪ˲ע⣬Ƕ˼ͨ·Ҳٵʱ 
ȥ֮һжãҲûʲôҹǣҲûкκ˽Ӵס 
ĸɵú䣬ᾭ飬˿ûиǳϹϵ 
Ϊξͷƽ˾ȻȰ¾߻ͷǰܵĻҺһ뿪Ҹƽĵط°뱲ӡ 
ҰһжˣֻҪͷʲôԴӦ 
û뵽ͻȻ˵Ҫȥ꿴ҪҸһȥ 
ҷ·ﱻקʵȻֺͿӦ˺ȥꡣһٴǵʱȴΪǲǴΪһҪĶ 
 




ʮ 붫

       ֻ˼СʱΪοͣι˶һЩûнع˵ںխ ϣ˶ꡣŸʯʲôʨӣʲôģҲ񣬰쿴ģڶ档 
Һͳ¾ߴʯֱͤȥ˴ϲꡣ 
ϲһĴʯͨԺšǹŵģһҲûҵ·¾߾÷ΧǽȥóһεװеӣסΧǽȥҲŷΧǽ 
ҵعһ£¾Ѿ̽ˡҺͳ¾ﶼֵ硣ǵ˵һʯǰֵһգʯͱ£¹ʯ̡ѾĻˮҺͳ¾ƿʯšһɭʪĸоͻȻϮ 
ǲŻˮƿ˵ڶʯšǵʯȴôҲƲ 
ҿǻǳȥɣ˺þãҴԳ¾˵ 
ƺûҵĻǵʯǰԵʯ 
ҿ֪ڸʲôﱻˣҲǽȥġʲôذ֮ͨ󣬷ֻ˻ȥ 
Ѿ˵ڶſˣ¾ߺȻ˵ȵȣ⡭ 
Ҵһôܣ֪ж˵ôʲôûз֡ҵ˻أߵԱߣֵǽһʯשҿ˺þãʼûзʲôر֮ 
˵ϸȻֵбţϵǿʯשҿʯשиƴСķκۼ̫˼ˡ濴ȥʲôûеʯשϣȻкۼڱа͹ʯΧǴսϸؿܷκ˿ 
¾ǿʯשÿкۼĵطһذزŪǸΣһʯͷƻǸαʯשﲦ 
һǺڰ׵ӵƵŤһĶ¾߷źذףһֵ磬һֻȥŤ 
ֻعһ³һµڡҾȲѣû뵽ͨǸʲôõģͨΪʲôͨҵĺͻȻνȻʲôķ֣˵ȴ̼ʱҵС 
˵ȥ 
¾˵ȵȣҰʯŻȥҿСذѸղŰķְװʯשȥûһ 
ҺȺ˵ضȥ֮󣬶ھ͹رˡֵܣܺڣһܴĹңǣˮû˱ȵ 
ǽˮǳĵطųһЩ΢ĵطŲ²ȳˮ졣ղſȥֻ΢Ĺߵĵط߽˲ŷ֣Ĺ߸ǵֵȣҪǿҡ 
תȥһֱǰľĿɿڴ 
ŸִССӣ鱦ʯĿŵط棬ҫ۶ĿĹâѾڸֵĹ⡣ 
ŶѻɽıһӲ֪ô졣 
¾߿һֵ磬ȥһǰһץ˴ѱͻȻˣˣ 
Ҳƺعûмô޼֮ղŵĸоֱ޷ݡֵ磬ֽסҲȥ˼鱦˿¾ߺȻʼؾ鱦Լڴװ 
Ҹæıˣﺰã 
¾ҵĻͣͣﻹż䱦ʯ 
վ·˺ܴߵҸǰ˵Ϊʲôãҵģ㿴ʵ鱦Ǽֵǰ㣬㣬ȥǼʯִĿڴͶңȥҲȥ 
ˣִӵϼıʯңðð 
ҿʵı飬һʹðŶ鱦ǰͣվһ 
̯ڵϣˮ 
Ҷ׵ߣַļϡûңš 
ҿ˵ʲôҪã취ȥ 
˦ҵ֣վѿڴĶͳͳ˳Ȼ󿫿ᣬֵ硣ڴҿ˼ʲôҲûС 
Һ߹Ǽ鱦ķ䣬貣ǹκߡЩΪʲôԤȽʱ򶼷ıǡӵعĶûߣرĹ 
ȥĹɵʱ䲢ܶطûпʱ޽ġǲ֪˭޵ģô鱦ʲô 
 




ʮһ ʥĸ̫

       Һͳ¾ڵĹҵһεͨ ͨСһ 
¾ֵǰں档ǰ۳ڵϣϥǺͽϣǰͨ䣬¾ȥ֮Ҳ˹ȥ 
ѾоֺϥǺʹˣټһȥ¾ҪԶˡ 
¾ͻȻͣôˣ溰 
˵ǰû·ˡ 
ɣô죿 
ҽһãҹȥǽҲǼխͨǰȻû·һʯ嵲סˡ 
ʯ壬ǿյģӦþǳڡҪǿʯ壬ûκιߵ£ǲܹġͨ̾һʱ˳¾߻ԱߣС塣 
ƺҵġɫ΢˵ǻ˻ȥɣ취 
ͬ⣬شƶԴͻȻһȵȣղŽ龰ƺǿʯΧҲа 
˻ȥֵһգȻͬ龰ֻǵ϶ֻҪõһʯʹзֿȥ 
ͨû뵽ǽϣҰԴ̽ȥʱ򣬿һ˸ߵĵ棬֪ôµȥ 
ǽڣŷֿͨԣͷ£ɹΣһһ㻺ͻȻץסˣ֪ǳ¾ںҡҵֳŵ˵棬һշվ˵档 
ʱ¾ͷ˵ضҽס֣˳ 
һޱȵĵع浥ܯڣ֮£޶ 
ޱȣڷһײģбǽߡҲǾǴϲĹ餡Ǵϲĵعĳ֮ء 
ߵǸײǰһѾƻЩطѾವ 
Ǵϲ̫Ĺ餣¾߿˿˵ 
ǰɣԴӶ걻֮Ҳûаȹ 
뿴桭¾˵žȥףܿ餾ͱˡҪˣĶʼԱ߿Сĵ˿˹ײģһʬ塣 
ʬͷųϣڹײͷ΢΢ƫ棬ʬϸһɫĽΣһۡ¾ƿʬϸǵһУʬ塣 
ʬϰ¶ţſӡϵƤѾͷϣٲȻһ߸ʬˡʬѿڣͬţһͷһѹͷͫݣû顣 
Ǵϲ̫Ѿһ߸ʬ 
Ϲײģڵعת˼ȦȻ˳ͨ˳ȥһţȴˣֻԱ߱ըһһֻܹһˡӦǰĵĹըĵûĳˣֻһһӵ˳ȥ 
Ƕڣ滹ǱסˡǱڵعˡ 
ۿˡ 
ʱǷǵס˶Һͳ¾߸Ͻ㵽һߡһǵʯűˡ 
ǵعĿԱֵ糯գϲڵ޹ȥҺͳ¾߳˻˳ȥ 
 
ѾѾ򿪣йԱѾʼɨ԰һֱ˴ţʯĵط뿪ٵˡ 
¾˼ڣĿ¡ңЩ䵭˵ڳˣ߰ɣ뿪 
ҸߣϷֵô౦ҵĻûã֪ôġ 
ΪԼĻãûԶҾͷԼˡϵŵİһѾ̽Դ 
 




ʮ 

       Ҳ֪˼԰ľгרŵĹŶ׳֮⣬йģ޴ĵ½г ¾֪ͷӶ˶ԸңҪЩȥ 
ûа취ֻøһνġ³С 
ߺܰп̵ģҲмڵ̯Сӡ˲ʱվſڳǿۡ 
һŨҵζȻҵıӣζźζͲ֪ʲôζ 
ǹսһСһؤڽԶһʮ˿һſڡͷӵϣȻýŲ˲ȡ 
¾ߺкòƺӣСڸ磬м 
ǸСڸͻȻֹס˳¾ߵĻͷ˿ң˿ 
˭ָ˵ 
İɣԼˣ¾߽˵ 
Сڸ˦˦ͷǴǼ 
쳣мڷһӣһȡСڸк£˵걻ˡ 
Ҹеһţ¾ȴµ˵Ҳ˵ˣ֪Ļ˸ɵġ 
Сڿܾã˵ʲô 
¾˵Ҽ洫ıҪǵǮãҲ׳֡㿴ܸ٣óһСӣϡСùӣ⿴˿ȻСĽش򿪿˿飬Ѫ飬ǺöҪǮ 
ۡ¾ָͷ 
СڿֱƲ죬¾վ˵㲻Ҫܶ˵Ҫ鷳㻹ң 
СڳһڹǮ˺ܴòƵ˵ٵ㣬Ƕˣ 
Ҫˣ 
ããͰ˵ļۣСӦţҵǮɣ 
˵ָǼҵ̳棬ĶǷزԹ˾û뵽ȻǺгڻ 
Ǹһҷز˾ľС˵һ󻰣һƱС߳˳¾ߡ¾߽ӹǮЦЦ˵ллˣ 
´ʲôöңСں˵ 
ǳǼҹ˾򳵻š 
ʳ¾ʲôʱʶЩ˵ģ˵عʶġҪǮңҲҪ 
Ц˵Ȱ㱣ܰɣɶʱҪˣҪ 
Ժʲô㣿Ҫȥˣȥ;ģȰ˵ 
¾ߴյҸǰ˵ġ 
ģҸ쳣ȥ 
ȥ˵һĹ滹кܶطûз꣬ǿȽȥ 
ҵ𣿡 
ʰߣ 
ת˷š 
Ҳ֪ôˣδӹ˺ܶ࣬ȫǰĳ¾ˡ 
ұһȰͷǰȥԶҲزͷˡ 
 




ʮ 

       Ļϡ Һͳ¾һ 
ҿŴɳ۵ɽУпǧ 
뿪ֻ˼·һЩҸյʱࡣҲҲҴңȥҲҴҡ 
ѾǼ֮ 
һ»𳵣еǻصʹ˶䡣;ۣɳ¾߷·ȫȻĴСﴩȥȻһ֪ƣС 
˵һóɣȻǿǰˡȻѾۣһᵽԣӻܲˡ 
ЩѾڵĹǰǻãҵһҿȥɾķݡһ߽ȥŵһζһڿˮϽϰɶЩ˵ô򵥣һɾͶ 
ҳһ˫ӣɢζסˮֱ 
Һһʱ̧ͷһ¾߸ն˼¿ӣңϸʡҪҪ˰ɡ̻֮˵ 
Ǻǣɵζ治Ц˵ 
Ǽҹӣ⳵Ĵ֣Ҳ㲻ֻý֣ҪǴǵùݡ 
һ߰¾߰Ѷϳһ߸ʦ졣ĹǻܵصǸյİɣ 
ǰܴǴùȥ˵һġ 
ôⰡһϤúţ 
лл㣡 
Ҫɶأ 
û£뿴ǧŶ 
Ŷɵÿϸˣȫһʷǰ 
ǰ 
ǳ˰ɣ 
Һƣô֪ģѵղſ 
һǹζ֪ˣ 
Ŷԭ 
˵ѾǴվ̫Զһùǰ˳˿ǼùݣſϹƣ򵥵дˡùݡ֡ҸǮ¾Ŷùݡ 
ڶ죬ȻˣĴתתһ¹Ŷķ顣¾ȲҪȥŶг顣ǸԷֿȥԼϲ¡ 
ȥ˹ųǽվڳǽĴ̽һͳȫֵĸоð˳ӹųǽУɽ˺ͱв¡ 
гȥԳɣ֪ǲǳˣǸɵ׺óҲ˵һָо˻ԡ 
ֻһˣع˼ſںܺڵĹӣ˽ȥ˵Ǵɣ˵ǹҪӣΪ˵ҪԵڵɣ͵־ɵĹӣŽеص 
ȥƬ̣ԱͶһ㶫һûأô֪Ҫɣ 
ԱЦ˵Ŀ϶ɣҪ㲻Ҫ԰һ 
Ҹæ˵ҪҪľ 
ƷζȻͬǰǼҵĶҪʮ 
ɣǮ뿪Ǽҹӡߵſڣ˴߹һ¡ 
תȥѾɿҸϽǮã 
Ҽæ׷ȥܱߺС͵ץס 
С͵ܱ߻ͷң 
ţʹߣһе׷ǸճһɣӻڷǣûԶӿʼٶҲۿС͵ԶȴŶܲ 
ҰֳǽϴǮûǮ򳵣ֻ߻ȥˡ 
̾ͻȻǸС͵ץŴˡһǳ¾ץС͵ԾС 
ôҿų¾˵ 
Ҹմ͵Ǯó 
С͵֧˵ûаûУ 
̧ͷϸ˿ǸˣǸղǮˡ͵ҵǮǣˣǮҾߣ 
С͵˵Լû͵¾еóȻ͵֣ 
úããС͵ԹԵذǮҡû뵽¾Ȼһ´С͵Ķϣ˵û͵Ҳ͵ȥ 
С͵Ŷ˵´βˣ 
˵ˣȻǮˣͷ߰ɣ 
¾ȭͷҪС͵æ 
ҶԳ¾ߵĿһθı䣬ıòٺǰĳ¾һˣڵȫˡ 
 




ʮ ٸ

       һȥʼٸǡó¾߶ҲܸȤ˸ᣬһȥ˱ٸڵءɽ վЩͷıٸǰң뵱ɨϵ龰벻ϡȻЩ䶼Ǽٵģȥֱ˲ࡣ 
ҲòǧǰĹˣģиţԶҲû˵ˡ 
߽ʼٸҵĳ˾֮̾⣬еľʡ 
Ϊʲôٸʿе֫룬еԿǱѣովһѪսһһѾˡ˭ûչٸӣΪʲôϵԿչĺۼ˵յģ˵˵һʽ˵硣۲ݡ 
ҶЩûн۵ʷкģʱɽҲжԵĹһ˿档 
˱ٸҺͳ¾ɽΧתתȻǸˮءɽΧɽһ񣬸߸ϣаȺ۵ơ뵱ʼŽɽ̣سĽɽǧĴҽҩųϡ˵Ҫʱ˵޵ģܹϣվڽµأпǧԼĹѡɽԼҲǿķˮɣԼܸ߸ϣͳδص۹ 
ڻ·˼ص磬Ҳٸġᵽٸһüɫ裬˵ûꡣ 
ȻٸΪڰ˴漣Ҳֻʼ긽ʼ껹ûз޾ռ䡣 
صùݣ¾˵еҪȥһ£Ͼͻ 
ڴϻۿٸ龰Щ˸ߵٸֳҵԺ 
֪ʲôʱ򣬳¾߻ˡ˵Ҫ 
һʲô¡ 
˵ȥ˾֪ˡ 
ڼ㣬ʲô 
˵ǰҹмҪڽɡ 
ֻô·ȥһ֪ĵط 
ͣһ󿨳˾̣ǹȥæϨ̡ 
˾Գ¾˵ˣ 
¾ߵͷ˵أ 
˾˵ڳϡ 
Ǻãˣ 
¾ϳԱߡ棬ˡ 
Ҫȥװʲô 
˵Ҫȥɻţʲô㲻ùˡ 
ûٶʣڸϣѳ˸ٹ· 
Խⲻȥɻ·¾ȴ˵Ҫȥһֻžˡ 
˸ٹ·һˮ·šؿһտƽԭȻͣ 
¾˳Ҳ 
˵ķɻɻأ浽װʲô 
֪͸㣡 
˴аСʱֱɻ 
ǿ۾ֱɻ˾뿨һԶĵطתˣܹԳ¾˵ڳ𣿡 
¾ߵͷ 
ãҶ֣ 
һֱܻɻһֱɻַ 
ֱɻɵ˿ϿգӣڿԵļ˰һһϵ˿ϡ 
ǾȻǸװ䡣ֱɻذ߿գżװˡ 
ʣµԳ¾˵ϳҪ 
¾߽ϳҸȥ 
浽ʲô 
¾߿һ˵֪ 
ҵ˵ͷ 
˵ǿʲô 
ŻȻ򣺡ٸ˵װǱٸҼֱԾ˷ĵز 
¾ν˵ߣ 
⣬ǵ 
⻰һϵ˶ۿҡ 
¾ʾû£ҪǼ 
㲻££˵ţ 
ҡҲ£ǵԽԽ 
¾ͻȻЦˣƺؿ˵˵㵣ԽԽûҪ㻹ǵԼԽԽɣ 
 




ʮ ׷

       ôҲ˯ˡ ȥĶһ¡ 
¾ڰ˭Щ£ǸһǰĽʿ𣿻ˡΪʲôҪЩ£ܵõʲôôʲôʹЩΥ¡ 
ǵƣһСŻĻһһֻ޴ĺ֧š 
һҪҳ˭ֻҪҵһҪ֮Է 
Ժӣҿʼ¾ߵ١ҷһ˳ȥȥһطһ˵乫˾ 
밵еһ˹˾˵ϰֻĻ֡ 
ȥ˵ع֣̾˽⵽˴˹˾һЩ˾ϰ֡Ǹǰ˴乫˾µĳ;䡣 
һ߱ٸҲǴ˹˾Ŀ 
Ҹٳ¾ߺüΣȥҵǸ֡һȥǾڰ칫̸Ϻóʱ䣬Ҳ̸֪ʲôܿĵӡ 
ҾҪҵ͵ôҹ˾֡ǶʮСʱȫûлᣬҾǱ˹˾ǾЩʲô 
ϣҶԳ¾˵ҪȥһѡƺûҵĻͻش˵Ŷ 
Ҵ򳵵˹˾һֵĵط˳Ȼߵ˹˾ĳ䡣ѾȰ˺ܶࡣĶ㵽һĺ棬򿪳ţһǿյġ 
ҸҪߣͿ̧ŲľӳҸæ㵽һߣǰһһ̧ϡ 
ʱ˵Сĵ㣬ĶֵǮأǿⲻ𡣡 
Щ߿ĻᣬֻصǰѾ챻װˡЩľϿСŵ 
ѵǾƣʮֻɣЩӶ򲻿Ǽ˹̧Ŷˡֻüæ˻صĲ֮ 
ֻû빫˾ڲǵĵϸ 
ҴһԱ·һص䣬ղЩ˹к˵æ 
Ǽ˻ش˵ææ 
̣ 
һ˵̣Ǽ˶ΧһһǷ̣ϻһ߸׽һߴ˵Ļ 
֪ôˣǻæɶϣ׬Ǯ 
ǣǣһڴӦ 
֪ɶһ곤һЩĹ˵ĶֻҪһҲۼһӵģ 
ŶôֵǮװܳԾӣ浽ɶ 
Ͳ֪˰ɣŶ 
Ǹ곤ĹԾʧԣ˵꿴˿ܣְϨˣˣ·ɣǰ͵õط 
ˣ٣˵Ҫȥﰡ 
ǻϳ棬ˣûҡ 
Ҹ뿪䣬û뵽ҴεǸˣӶûãʹˣ 
һæתܡû׷һһߺվסվס 
ûǰܣѾ١׷׷ȥҲûע⡣ȫǵڿ֡ 
һСӣƵЩ·ߵȻ׷ĽŲվסվס 
ܳӣŽֵҿҪˣôԶЩ˻׷ᡣ 
ܽһ¥ܵ¥ݿڣһŮͻȻ˵ 
룬ҸǸŮ¥һҵš 
ҶźߣŽŲ¥ûãŲˡ 
ѾˣǸŮ˿˵ 
ллң 
ÿ 
Ҹˡ 
ҲǾ㡭ǸŮ˺Ȼ˵ 
ͣһ£ 
˵ȵˮɡȥûС 
ɳʵļ𣿡 
ŮЦ˵ΪԿ𣿡 
˳ȥһͻˡ˵ǻ棬ֻһˡ 
лл㣬㲻һİ 
Ǻǣ°ԴˣҲҪ뿪ģ 
ǡ 
ˣΪʲô׷㣿 
 
ǷǮŮ˵ЩƤ 
ǰɡ 
˵أΪǮ׷ôǷǶǮ 
šɡ˸ţİûҪʲô 
ȷʵ٣ 
Ǹʲôģ 
⳵ġԽԽŮˡ 
ôǷǵǮ 
վˮϣҼ˲ˣҪǮһʱòôǮоǽˡһֱתԱǱծŵزллҡѾˣҲøˣ 
Ҫߣû˵ʲô 
ҸߵſڣҪȥˣû뵽ǸŮͻȻҵַڱұϣʮܡ 
ǡǸʲôضԶ˵ 
𶯣Ǿ죡ǸŮһ˵ 
Ǿ죬ղΪʲôץЩ׷ҵˣ 
ѾʹˡǶǴ˹˾Ա˵ڳ˹ˣ͵·˻Ǳԣʵɣǲ㣿ȥʲô 
һˣݺˡֻ˵ʵ飬԰һѡ 
˵ܲȰҷſ 
УһƣƵɳ£ԼվǰҪʵǵ̹״ӿܴϣ𣿡 
֪ 
Ǻãľȫ˵ 
һԼ˼ά˵ģһɴ˹˾͹˽йأԲŵ˹˾ĳȥ鿴 
Ǵ˹ô£ 
Ϊ˲鿴ĻװɹˣԲŴ· 
ǽ͵ 
ԣԣ͵ 
˵˹˾˹ʲô֤ûУ 
УǽߵĻдŶ 
ܿ϶˽𣿡 
϶ 
ǰѳȥˣ 
ҾͲ֪ˡ 
ߣǸŮݺһӣѣ 
˵Ķģͬ־Ҫң 
ô֪˹˾˽йأѵҲзݣ 
ǣûСǴӡһ֪ġ 
ѣ˭ʲô֣ס 
Ҳܸ㡣 
ߣֻиҵһˣ 
ȵȣŹϸȥ㽭סڳ֡ 
ãҪ˵Ǽٵģһȥġʱɾûôˡ 
ܿ԰ҷ˰ɣ 
ŮͳԿףҴվҪߣֽסҡһΪҪ˹ 
Ц£Ҳ㹥˵ġʲô֣סʲôط 
ŷҽǣסù 
㲻Ǳˣ 
ǡǰøմӱ 
ǺãһȥġҪʲô֣ϵҡҴ绰һСֽдһ绰롣 
Сֽš 
 




ʮ 

       صùݣ¾߻û˯ һ߹ʵȥˣôô˲Ż 
˵ȥһѣڼҡ 
ҸҪô𣿡 
˵ôˣͻȻҵˣ 
˵ֻʣ㲻˵ˡ 
һص䣬ڴǰ˼룬ý¿治ɣʲôˡҪ´Σһ治֪ôˡ 
ڶ죬¾һͳȥˡ𴲵ʱѾķˡ 
֪ȥ 
ϵ£϶˹˾Ǹ˽أ乫˾Ϊڻ˽˹Ŷʵһȸ׵İ취ڵǳ¾ߵ֪٣ݵж仰˵µУҪá 
ҾһҪú̸̸ϲ̸ֻҪҰһͷġ 
˵ʣһչƣʵеȰ˵ 
һֱȵšΪǳ¾ߣæܵǰţȴһʶˡһʲôҲû˵ˡ 
չһдǣߣѾˡ 
Ҽæʰö¾߻ûҪǲ֪ô졣 
һʱͿˡ 
ԺȻһݣղˣñӣӺ󡪡¾ߡˣһڸôҲ˵Ҳڸ 
߳ȥܾܿͱץסô죿 
һ취Ӵȥ 
հѶõڣҪšû˿ţŵ˿ʼײˡ 
Ҽæ˳Űڴڵ»¥£ûԶ¾ͻȻסҡ 
ҿŸñӣϸһ£ֽˡ㣿 
˵ˣ߰ɣ 
ҽһ⳵ˡҴӴϿץסҵǸŮù 
ʳ¾ߣôҵҵģ 
¾߻ش˵Ҳ֪Ҫ뿪ˣ 
ұѾ˵ʣҪȰͷǰΣҲǣڣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ 
û뵽ǣӳ⳵֮ĵһ˾ȻǴ˹˾ϰ֡ 
ʶң¾Ѿˡ뿪 
¾߿ųһֱ 
ôʶǸ˵ġ 
˵˭ 
ְ˹˾ϰ塣 
¾߿ңʵô֪֣ 
˵ģǺ飿 
¾߲ϡ 
ҾʱˣͰ뵽˵һһû¾֮󣬲£ЦҴС֡ 
˵Ǹֵȷڰ˶ҵϰ塣Ҳûϰ壬ֻԼ飬κ޹ء 
ͲҪˣ𣿡 
ʲôˣ¾һ޹˵͵һֵǵľҴӴϲĹ˶Уһʲôˣ 
˵˵ 
¾߿˵ 
ְɣٴȰزͷˣ 
һزͷʲô£ʲôˣ 
ҡҰ㣡 
仰Ѿ˵ˣеʵûУ 
㣡ұûͣҪȥͣ 
¾͵زһɲͣ·ߡҪȥ 
ȥף 
УȥףҲܲ㲻ȥ¾ߴ˵ 
ܲţҶ׼ܹ㣬ԸһӶ׼ 
Ҫ⿪ȫԴصشһ£˹ȥ 
 
ʱ򣬷ԼһſϡһԴеʹôģ 
ϸһ飬ұˣһ˰͵ġ¾أȥˣѵҶһ·ˣ 
Ŵӿ˷ţŷԼڹеΧѾüˡһͣڷ⣬¾߿ģûһڸ 
Ҹ߳Ժţ¾ҲˡңЩȵ˵ˣû°ɣ 
ҡҡͷ˵û¡˭Ҵεģ𣿡 
¾߲ϣңҲһʱ鼱˭˵Ҫȥ׵ġ 
ʲôʱѧֵģҼǵǰ᣿ 
ڹѧģõġ 
Ŷҿų¾߰һЩԵĶýӣʵôҵⷿӵģҪסã 
¾߰Ѷŵϣͷ˵ߡ 
ߣȥ 
ȥһȱ˵ôˣȳԶɣ 
¾óһɿʼԡȻϷ㻹ҪȥѵĲ𣿡 
ܡ¾ߺܸɴ˵ 
Ϊʲôʼ벻ͨ 
Ϊʲô 
ߣһϣûӡ 
¾ߵݸһɣҲóԶ 
һӽӹϵɣҧһڡҭˡҴš¾߸æҵݸһƿˮ˵ȵɣҭˣ̧ͷ˿΢Ц 
 




ʮ ʯ쾪ϣ

       ֪¾ߴʼĵعʱҺð촭 Ҫ֪ʼĵعûб򿪣浽ʲôذŰʼԶֹٸһ漣еרѧһֱ϶ġ 
ʼǧ⽨ͳεʼʵۣĵعʲôӣе˶֪Ĵ⡣Ҫ⿪գֻеȵعű򿪵졣 
¾˵ԼļƻʱҼʲôûһڷĴ㡣ǣ飬κҲȰ費ˡ 
ȥȥʱû취ˣͻ֪ѶˡҲȰΪǸûáҲû뷨£ΪһʼҾΪǸвͨ 
׼˵ĹõĹߣֵ硢̽ץȣȻк¿ӡ˵ֻܰ򣬿˵νʱҲﲻʲôæ 
ţڱصõ飬ҵ˼΢Щı䡣 
ڶɽоеʵΡϴǴţǰͷȴߺͷд֤ 
Һͳ¾ھʼԼ幫ĵطͣƶϣӦڵع֮⡣¾˸ط߹ȥҪҪæ 
ͷϵĺˮ˵Ҫ־Ϳ㣡 
Ц˲ӺһڣȻڵع֮⣬عԶʮΣѵ¾صȥ 
ϼأʼΧ޽вٷǽϱЩǽ٣ϣǶû֪ 
Ҹ߳¾߽Ҫˣôǵڵʲôʱ򡣾ڵعǰˣδЩͭǽڣҿǷɣǳ뿪Ҳ˵ʲô׵Ļˣߵ 
ǳ¾ƫֱʮڵضȥ 
ʷأʼ괩ȪˮģôڵضܹƵùȥʱ򲻱ˮҲᱻԶ 
ҪˣվʮĶ϶Գ¾˵Ǹܽعȥģܹ򿪵عţ 
¾ͣ˵˭˵Ҫڵعȥֻ̽̽ʣ 
ҲòôڰϿɣ 
ڰҪڵУ 
ðɣȥڣ 
Ӱѳ¾ԼȥڡԽԽʵÿһоӲ쳣ڲûڵʯͷʲôģȻ򶼰׷ˡ 
һ죬вˡһΪʯͷ˭֪óȥһ֤ȴǺ㡣ô˵Ѿ͵عһˣ 
Ǹʮ׵ĵ棬¾߸ڳƶϣعڵĶƽĵط 
¾һܲڣ˵ˣûеǰ첻ġһԲεĶ˵ȻʼòӲ 
˵ǸʲôҺòײڵġ 
˵ˣѵ˷𣿡 
ղ˸ʲôȥ 
һȫλǣҾа취ˡ 
ʲôȫλǣôû 
ǣǸ߿Ƽ㲻ùܡɣ 
˺üĵһӣһӣܿͱʵˡ¾Ϊ˲˷һѸɲݡȻҺ뿪ˡ 
ֹ˼죬¾˵Ѿҵع;ˣ 
ֱܣţĵطܽȥűʵʵģûŵ˭Ҳ򿪵عš 
ôȥص˵νȥ˵껹˸ζơ 
νȥߣôܣҼֱ޷ţʼΧȫɽʯˮûУνȥⲻЦ 
¾˵㲻ţѾϸʼ귽ԲʮĵĵΣͨԷʼһͨ 
ɶԣʲôʱʵ޷˵Ļ 
㲻ùˣҪһ˺һȥ 
ǣҽȥ㻹Ƚȥ˵ɡ 
ãϾͶ 
¾ߴװ뿪ɽҵķӣҸô졣 
ԶɽķȥⲻԽԽԶԯޣҵõִⲻɽһֱϣ¾ҵ˴ʲôߵ˵طǹַҪҵڣ͵ڸϸҡ 
ڸĹ·һȻ뿪·һ۵С·ѰҲ֪Ҫʲôֻøײ 
ָһƬ«έ˵ҵˣҵˣ 
ҿŴƬ«έԣбϢĺˮһãȻ¾˵Ҫ«έѰҡҲӾҲûдȥˡ 
˵ҪȥңһҵˣǱˮ¡ 
ôУǱˮ 
ӦҪһȥģ 
ĲӾ 
ƵǱˮ£Ͳˣİɣһģ 
ðɣҺһȥ 
ܿ죬ڸҵ˴«έСҳŴ«έﴩȥ¾һֱˮ棬֪ɶ 
«έת˼Ȧ«έԶѱˡʳ¾ҵûС 
˵ûС 
ʲô 
˵һ峺Ȫˮ 
峺Ȫˮﵽǻǲɳˮ峺Ȫˮ 
˵ˣңӦ«έġ 
ְѴŵ«έУ¾ϸϸңûҵ 
µˮȥҡ 
ΣգȰҪȥ 
֪ûãȥԣ˵ʲôҲݵġ 
¾ߴϺƤ·»ֻƣˮ 
վڴˮ棬ʼмˮðһ̲ɳˮ֮⣬ʲôҲˡһΣգ«έ֡һûзӦҴ˼ûзӦˣѵˮ³ˣ 
ˮ潹صţԼ˰Сʱ¾߲Ŵˮð˳ 
ҿæ 
ͷ֣˼ͷϵˮɡЬ 
ôҵûУ 
һ˦˦ͷһ˵ûС 
ҿǻǻȥɡҪˣôרѧ߶첻£ôܰõ 
ʲôרѧߣҲרѧ߰æȻҲôҵڵء 
Һ֣˵ר˭δӹ仯ܴкܶ飬һ֪жң 
ûиң𣿡ҿ˵ 
˶٣˵ûа˵ˣҪң 
ŴڴŴƬƬ«έãȻ 
أôҲ¾Щ˵ 
˵һ䣺Ҳ«έ桭 
«έ棿¾߷·Ƶ˵ôû뵽أһ«έڸðˮԲſԣ«έһҵõ 
ҰѳԴϵû뵽ҵһ֮Ȼôע⡣ 
ҿһһԵ«έϸΧˮȻʧصһ«έ 
߹ȥŴרѰҡ 
˵ΪʲôҪȥʼꣿ 
ʲô¾ߺûҵĻ 
ΪʲôҪʼꣿ 
¾ͣͣ˵Ϊʲô 
֪ƭҡǲ֪ΪʲôһԸĻ 
е«έԶұˣûҵôңֲû˷ˡ¾߲ģָһƬ«έ˵ǵȥ 
ҰѴŵƬ«έУ¾߲«έȻһҵˣ 
 




ʮ ʯ쾪У

       ֻһ«έһ峺ȪˮֱðΧǵĺˮȫͬ ¾ߴǱˮ£׼ˮ 
һƣšҳͷ 
˲ʮӣ¾߸ˣ쳣˵ҵˣ棡 
ҵԴȻһҵˣͻȻҲе㿺ˡ 
·¾߶˵ 
ҴǱˮ£оеؽˮУͷ֣ˮ¡ 
߿ʼ䰵Ҹо޴ѹϮҪûǱˮ£һܲˡ¹߸ˣʲô¾ͷǴ˸ͲƵģŹιͷһҵԴҲ˹⡣⻹ȽڵʱҪ㶥װˡ 
Ҹų¾߳ǰһһˮʾҽȥҵͷ 
˽ȥҸں档ܺڣͷϵĵƹ⣬ֻȫƾֱǰΡ 
һԲεˮǰǿˮˮʮַ 
֪˶ԶǰͻȻһһŴģǵҶĶˮ֮С沼ݵĶѾǳԶˣӦתֻʱ̫ãѾֹͣתˡ 
¾ҴҶ϶дȥҵ˵ͷ 
ȹȥˣһ㣬ýݵشȣм䴩˹ȥ 
һϵֻ룬ǰȥ 
һСģȻһΣע⵽һ΢΢˶ҸϽӿٶȣм䴩˹ȥ 
ˮı˷ԭֱǰڸĳϡ 
Һͳ¾һٵȥ 
ҿ棬⣬ˮҲܸоõһйߡ 
һˮ¾Ѿˮ档ҳŷˮȥԴ¶ȥһ̣·һ㡣ŵζˣ 
һԼ׿˹ӣԸоˮӵ߶ʯͷɵǽڣ 
ǰһξ룬һĵطںӵߡ 
Һͳ¾ȥһһͨ¾߼ͷϵˮ˵ǽȥ 
ͨѳ¾Ҳȥ 
ͨšͻȻҿһ߰׹ǡ 
¾Ҳˣ΢΢һǴǾ߰׹˹ȥû߶Զͷ˸İ׹ǳɶѳͨмֻСİʬȥ 
¾˵ǻȥɣͨ· 
˵áǾԭ·ˡ 
ǿһʬӣרŶѷʬġֻЩֲ̫ȻôģǳëѾɾˡ 
ǻص˸ղ뿪ˮˮˮ෴ķȥˮˮصտ졣 
ˮֳ䣬Ҷǲת˶ٴˣûҵͷ 
ټӰѾҹҪͷˣ¾ǰ˵ 
Ҵص·ȻҲζ磬ų¾ˮϡ 
˲֪Զˮÿ 
滹ˮγɼˮҿǰбŵĽݣ˼ӿٶ˹ȥ 
ʯͷĽݣһ̯ʯϡ 
¾ߣԴͷɢңҲۡ 
ʯһҽָ 
ҳʯվһ󼤶ʼˣ 
¾Ҳ˷ܣվʯϣ˵ȥ 
Һʯףһܴƽ̨гһ·ΧмСһ·֮䶼ˮ 
վ￴ܣһƬ޴пգ಻ֲ֪ﵹʯϡɫͬһɫ 
ˮ϶£졣Һͳ¾߿ܣ·ǰߡ 
·ͨһȾ޴šǷεġȥ֮Һͳ¾߶ǰľ󾪴ˣ 
 




ʮ ʯ쾪£

       Ӵĵ¹ĺˮССɽͭǽһĳǽߴ͵ıٸжϻƵ һеһк紫޼ 
ʼ¹ 
ǧ˵ľ֮գ 
ݺأһͳµΰйʼʵ۵Ĺ 
վͭϣǰľòϴƳĬǰҲܽڽˣȻģ 
ȫסˣ 
Ӵĵ½ǰҿ˿ڣκһ˶ᾪΰ󴴾٣ΰĽ 
źڵع߳ʮ׵ȥЩģｭɽһְµƣ 
мʵĳţһｭɽһǱڵĺˮ˵ˮˮγɵģ֣ǧ 
Щˮܾã¾˵漣ϿҲûôĵ¹ˣ 
ǰ治ۿŵعŴ򿪵һ죬ǿľʱһģ 
һġ 
е᲻뿪ˡѾ߳˺ŵȣһĹҡ 
ıٸǲɵģöͭǸóìߴͣʵ˿ѹٸ 
ٸΧսģаսӦʼΪԼ׼ľӣԼ󣬻ܴžݣս¡ֻЩͭƵĲܶľӡ 
ǼĹ򳡣ҪľӿνǧҺͳ¾ת˲֪ãóʱ䶼Ҳ߳ȥͨ 
ãҵˡһӱٸ棬һ䷽εš߹ǵţгֵһ޴ɫ 
ԶĻ治֪ʲôʼһ֪Ļܻ̾Щɫӵľ޴󣬵¾뵽Щνĳơ 
߽ЩࡱɵĳŻı棬оЩšеһ˸ߣеֻߣϨˡ 
عԺЩƻȼţȴ޷ȼšѾо̫ϡˡô޴ȼգʮ־˵ġ 
ҵطȥĿͨٲȥΣˣ¾߶˵ 
ǴȥأǰܶұˣҲûҵ·ѵҪԭ· 
ǼתǼҲûа취ôĵعҪҵ̸ס 
ٲȥҲǰ취 
䣬ҺȻЩƿܺ͵عйأǿǰĳеġ 
ϸ۲һ󣬷Щ޴ȷŷŵġÿһѵβһֻβϵİࡣ 
Һͳ¾ߵĩֻԱߣϸоһûʲôر𣬳˱ȱ򶼰֮⣬ʵҲκβͬ 
ԽԽеЩˡĳطһĳȼţĿȴ֪ 
ҿ˼ 
¾߹ʵô죿 
֪ȥˡ 
ܲɣ 
ʲô취 
¾ҲͷǣǼĹﶫᡣ 
ߵȥƵֻơѳƵǽһŻȻ򿪡 
ҺȲѣ޾֮· 
ǸϿǵţӭͲһɿĸо 
ͨǵţ׹ǣ׹Զѻɽ䱦 
˵Уʼѻźܶ䱦Ȼûд¾߿ЩѹκεĽ鱦ֿҡұܹ۾ʼѰͨһš 
鱦ķһ޴ʯңѻɽĲƱ治֪ʲôתʯҸһֻﲢŰǿƴŸڵʯҡ 
ã 
¾ڶ档 
һæתҪЩ鱦 
¾߿ҴҴææϹȵؿʣʲôˣ 
ҿվſڣѾԶ鱦 
ûû£ 
ҵ𣿡 
ҵˡڸڡ 
¾ߺһڵʯңﲢŵĹҸղΪʲôôš 
ҺСزЩĿ϶һһ㣬˹ȥ 
Һߵһͷֻһ죬ֻǿ뷢װ鱦Ǽʯӡ 
֪ǲ˭˹ķװãЩǿھǧĸʴ֮Ѿʼã΢ؾҲҶˡ 
ҿ¾ߣҲҡʼ򡣶Ľɽɽ죬ˡҳҼæֵǰ 
Щҳɢȥֻ֡һɫӰǱ˹ȥһš 
ʲô¾Ҳˡ 
û᲻ǡʲôģ 
ɣӲ󣬵С 
СôܣѵĹԩꣿ 
Һͳ¾߶ 
ȥҡ 
ʲôУ 
İɣǶ߹ĵطʲôΣյģ 
ҪȥҺһȥ 
¾߼Ҫһ˻ȥֲЩ˻ȥҿһ۶ѷűĹңЩУǱþһЩ鱦Ѿɢõǡ 
ѷ鱦ʯңͨƵŻţҺͳ¾߻ص˳ڵĵطͻȻĹ߱ǰ࣬Щ͸İҲԵøӾӨˡ 
ٿЩƣ˵ȥһֻĲûʲô仯¾߿һ˵߰ɣҪǸˡҵȥ·˵ 
ȥĿʲô 
Ҳܸ㡣ҵĿѾﵽˣ 
Ŷʲô 
ǣ˵˲˵㻹ҪʡҵĿĺܼ򵥣̽· 
̽·ôԽԽͿΪ˭̽·˭ 
Ĳ˵ˡ߰ɣ 
ûȥ֪ȥҲûãҪ˵˵ˡ 
ҺһǰһЩɫĳдͻȻ߹һǰʱ򣬿һ˫۾ 
Ѿ߹ǸƣҲǹ̫ûӦ߹ˣԺͻȻ˫۾ 
ҽס¾ߣȵȣ 
ҵĽЩһһˣ¾߿ʣôˣʲô£ 
ߵÿ죬ߵҵǰʣ㿴ʲôˣ 
ָǸӣȫս˵ˡ棡 
ʲôôܣ¾߲ҵĻߵǸǰһһˤڵء 
Ҽһ亹оöˡȥѾоڷˡһڿˮһ˵ô棿 
ߵǸǰʼעŵˡ 
ȻѾˡ 
бڳͷȫˡҲǱͳġȻֻüһ֮⣬ȫǰɫ֪͡ʲôҪװֻ棬ǧһֱվšĳûϨʱ򣬻ȼţѪҲһȼˡѾͳںһ 
ĬĬؿһǶװŮӵİ 
¾Ҳ˹СĵؿŮһۣæܿ۾ 
˵û£߰ɣ 
ҷ˳ڵʯӣپҡҺȻʲôԾ 
ﲻԵʱһ÷䣬ɪűһ 
¾߿ͻıʣ֪ʲô¡ 
ôˣҵ˫˵ 
ҿƽࣺû£Ǽߡ 
ǰ棬˹ңִ˵ʯţͿǰˮ 
ǵǱˮ»¾߹ȥҡҴ֮ң׼߰ɡ 
ţȻΪ˲Ʊľȥˣ 
¾߿ңȻЦôǲǺˣȥòƱ 
ȻǡֻǾǿ϶ûаع߱飬һаûд򿪵š 
ǰ˵ҵĿѾﵽҪȥԺ˵ 
˼󻹻ٻҲٶ˵͸һˮ˳ˮˮȥܿҵǸˮڡ 
ˮѾγһСУǽʱûеġǸ㲻ô¡Ҳûʱ룬¾ߺȺǱ˳ˮڡ 
ǿͷϵķƣ¼룬˺ˮͽʱ࣬˳صţҶĵط 
֣ǸɣɵĶʼתˣȻٶȷǳѾڶˡ¾߱ʾҪתĿ϶ȥû⡣ 
ҡҡͷ 
¾ˮζһż϶ٵش˹ȥ 
һ߿ңҿȥӣת٣׼ȥ 
ҵĽˮһǰȥҿתĶһ֣תغȴתñȵȻ졣ҵҵżˡ 
ҵԴѾͨˣһһֱǰҵԺȻֻŮ˵ԣ 
Ҽǵõҵһηʱ۾ģ 
ҵĴͻȻһƬãȻǰʼڡҲ֪ҿʲôҲ֪Լҷ·μԼڿз裬ǹպɽ 
ҵĶͻȻ¾ߵĺȻоҡҵ塣 
ȻѡѾ˲ˮӿʼ 
¾ҿȥ̧ͷ潥׵磬ΪԼá 
ұ¾ϳˮ档ѾһϢ˼ˮ¾߼ҳȥ 
ҸоԼںӲĵˣ¾ƴҵĶӡҶһӿȻһˮŴȲֹ 
¾ҵĺ˵û°ɣˡ 
ҽࡣ 
˵ûˣղֻǲСģõġ 
¾ϣ½ϵļ룬һǺǣڳˣ 
 




ʮ ı

       Һͳ¾ֻ˵ȥ¡ סϽĳⷿԱ˶ĿҲ˻úϢһ¡ 
¾ˣڷãԺﻹḡֳƵӰӡʵ̫ˣҾ͵ɽһߣΧķ羰 
ش˰شԹŶǱұ֮ءʮ⽨װ̬Ʊ任 
վڸɽԶӴĽȺ߼ʣǾ޴ƽԭ 
еľƺѾԼһߡô˵Ƿ֮ءƼʻᡣڷ׷ŵ磬ʱ䳤ˣе㷳ɽúܶˡ 
ҴɽȥǸǵɽ£˰ҽסˡתȥһʶס 
㣿ҾȵؿǸŮˣôҵģ 
ǸŮߵҵĸǰһ˵⼸ȥˣ 
˽ҲҪ𣿡 
һһ˽йأҪһɣ 
ߣЦ˵Ҹ˽йأʲô֤ݣ 
֤еģֻµʱҾͲôɵ̸ˡ 
֪첻鷳ģͿżɽض˵ʲô£ֱ˵ɡ 
˿ңͷðɣҾֱ˵ˡҪҺһץסֺĴϰ塣 
˵ֱˣ 
 
˭ 
Ϊ֪ 
Ҳ֪ôΪ֪ 
ǺǣһǸŮˣг¾ߣԲԣǻһش˽йء 
ʲôⲻܡ 
Ҳɵһ˵ġĿľϣܰҳǸĻϰ塣ôԸ𣿡 
һᣬϢͦͨģҪҰҳĻʹԣҳǸ֮һԳ¾ֵģʱҲѲ˸ϵұ뽲ҵ 
ҿ԰㣬ǡֹ 
ʲô 
Ǹˣҿһ˵ܷܲŹҺͳ¾ߡ 
ǺǣһΪжô˵ڲ㻹˵˽ûйϵ 
ҷǳǣΪ˳¾ߺңұӦҵǾԲġ 
˵Һ˽ûϵ 
ܱ֤С˽ûϵ𣿡 
ֱǲܣұƵû·ˣֻ˵֪ 
ֻ֣©˭˷ӹƲá 
ǲӦˣǺãҲ㣬߰ɡ 
תҪߣס˵㲻˽ʲôϢ֪ͨҡǰҿһŲܡ 
ͣ 
ֱǰԴ˵ô 
ãһΪ 
ˣûҽܣҽᰣԺʲô͸Ҵ绰 
Ҫ֣ȥաЦЦתˡȥıӰ˼˺һӡ 
صӣ¾߻ûлͻȻöӶˣֳȥԶ·˳¾ߡһӣңͰѴһ˵ӶѾˡ 
ҺصķѶʢˣڷϡ¾ߵݸһ˫˵òóԣġ 
ҿܸ˵ӣ˵ʲôôˣǲִʲôȴ֪ 
һۣһҧ֪ġ㰮Բԣ 
Ǻǣô׾ˣã飬˰ɣҰֻеҧһڣֱкóԡ 
ҿ¾ϸЦݣ֪û 
˷һ𿴵ӡ̸һ̸ϣܹҵ˼ҹصӣͷϵĺˮ˵Ȱ 
¾һۣʵôѵӹˣ 
˵롭 
֪ҵ˼ʲôˣһû˵꣬Ͻվһ˵ҿɲ롣 
ҾЩգϽ͵ǣˡúø̸̸ 
¾߿˵̸ʲô 
̸̸ڹҲ̸̸Ǹʲôʿ 
¾΢΢ЩԾװµ˵ʲô̸ģҲ͸߹𣿶ԲҪϢˡʲô˵ɡ 
Ҫߣס֡еؿ˵Ҫ˵ҵʱ䡣 
¾ 
ұгһҪ֪Һ;Ժ󻹻𣬵ʱҲĻϰ壬һжˡ 
ܸܲΪʲôҪʹ˹˾ϰ壬һ𡭡ЩֵǵĹŶ˵ 
Լ˵ˣǼֵǡҵȻΪǮˣ 
ΪǮӦѾвǮɣ 
ǮȻԽԽðʲô˵ɣ˯ˡ˸Ƿ 
ǡȥʼ𣿡 
¾߼ôʣֱ壬˼һ˵ᡣ 
ŶȥʲôȥĲƱ𣿡 
ô첻Ծôˣ񾯲ƵģҰ¾Щͷˡ 
ҸϽֹס˵ߣֻʣҪٽȥĻ᲻ΣգϴҲ㡭 
İɣ֮Ҳٽȥˡ֪ңȥ˯ˣĴ˹Ƿ 
ȵȡһû˵ء 
¾Ұ˵ʲô˵ɣһ죬۵ÿɢˡ 
ʲôһ죬ôȥƵġһûüĻϰ˭ͽˡ 
̾һˣǣԺʰɡ 
ӦĸһһУϴҪһҲˣϴ˯˾ 
ڶ𴲣¾ֲˡ 
Ҳ֪һ쵽æʲô 
Դе㷢ǣû˯á 
ˢȥ˵ϡ˼ըʳƷ 
뾡ҳǸĻϰ壬ȥȥ֣Ȼͳ¾һһ֪Ļϰ˭ 
˿ֵأ 
ӲĲоģԳмŶæֱȥ˴˹˾ 
ֵİ칫ǺŮһֱ쵽İ칫ңŹųȥˡ 
ּһ棬Ҳʶңкȵʲô 
ɳ˵ˣлл 
ҲϣóҪҪҰڰ˵ᣬ롣 
ֳһ̣ϻʲô¡ 
Ҳûʲô£мܰæ 
æʲô¾˵һ˵ 
˳㿴ûа취 
ô˵ƺһЩŵ̷ŵ̻Ҹ˿˵ЩʲôҪ˳òǴɣ 
˵ЦˡҴͶƷ򽻵Ҫ˵һŶ 
ŶŶƺȤ˵ǵмңһвٺöɣ 
ǺǣܼЦˡ 
ðܼ򵥣ֻҪѶңͷһģҺͺǱء֤⡣ 
ҵŶܾأ 
ʲôܹأװźܾȵ飬һ֪ǼװģĶǴģж٣ 
ҹ˵٣ٿװڴ벻˵Ҳ֪ɣ 
ЦɵϣˬʵЦ˵ô֪ 
ֻҪܿϰæһܵģ 
ﻰԼˣС֪𣿡 
һʣҲûشҪ˵֪һҲƭ˵ˣҲûôණҪ˵֪ɣֺα 
ȥֻ˵֪Ҳᡣ͵Һ˽̸ô 
˵˵ֵˬ죬֪˵Ժ󣬡Ҫ˭ 
ҾͲùˣǱ˰ 
ôģ 
ҿҪˣɴ߳ͷŵ˵ʲô·ӣ԰ҽ 
˼һֳŵϣҲŵ˵ûС 
ұһ亹վߵ˵˵û⣬һ㶨С˼ġɳֱȥ˹ 
Ҳվ˵Ҫʱȼ죬֪մ̳ȵñܱܷͷ 
ǺãʱֱҾˣ 
УҾͲˡˣ 
ãߡˡ 
Һ֣İ칫ҡ 
ұ߱ѶԸֱǵˮ©Ҫҳҿϼѡֱȥʳ¾ߡ 
ȥ죬ҲûȥŶ¡ʱˣ࣬ȻͻǡҲʲôŶˡ¾߻ӣ飬治֪һڸʲô 
ϣڳŽɢʱʱ߹ˣһİĵط۹Ҳġ 
ҰѴϹ˹ҹɫ֮С 
ҿҪߵⷿʱͻȻˣһһҼסҵļ˵һˣ 
̫ͻȻˣҼֱ֪룬ʲô£ʲôˣƾʲôߣ 
һͳ֤ҿһ˵죬¡һˣ˵Ȼģ 
ұǴһȥ֮󣬱˼м䡣˾ųһ̵˾֡ 
ұѶңƹⰵǰһӣһųӣһƷǰ˸ӣűʣ׼ʱ¼ 
ɶͷԣ֪Լʲô¡ 
¡Ʒ˵ 
ϣеšǸ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡 
Ұڰͷ֪ͬ־ҷʲô£ 
˰һۣ֪װˣǻͼ˽йأʵɣȡ 
ʲô˽ܣûа 
˵ûУѾ˽֤ݣǸᣬɲҪڣ 
ҷ·һ㣬ȫˣҲ̫ͻȻˣȫ֪ʲô¡վ˵ͬ־ʲôҲ֪һץˣ 
££ͬ־Ҳվþ 
ֻصϡʹץץԴʵ벻ԼʲôʱŵĵôͻȻͱ˵˽أ˾֣ 
˵˵Ҫǲ˵ҿɾͰˣ 
ʲô֪Ϊʲô֪أǿ϶ץˣͬ־鷳ٺúò飡 
ǸƷľƺ˵ˣҲʼЩǲץˡʱѶҵűˣһŮ˽ԴƷ˵ɣ޹ءץˣһᰣ˿Ҹæվ˵ͬ־ã֤û 
¼ 
ƷֹѰӽܡǸƷҲͰѱӽȥˡ 
ҿᰣ£Լߵǰ̲סʵ㲻ҲҪҰɣҿʲôûɣĪرˣʲô£ 
һ㶼֪Щɵؿ˿ңּϵѶ¼ 
ҷģԼʲô֪ 
ᰲٿˣߵ˵Ǹץһ˽˼һ¼ҪҪ 
ʲô¼һ̻ѡ 
óһС͵Ż²żǰҺ̸ֵ 
 
ʲô·ӣ԰ҽ 
ûС 
˵û⣬һ㶨С˼ġɳֱȥ˹ 
Ҫʱȼ죬֪մ̳ȵñܱܷͷ 
 
̫Ծˣ۾˵ôӣ 
ֹͣ˲ţѵŻ˼˵һ֪˼ġ 
ǣˣҲҪ˽ƭġ㲻ǽҲĻϰȥ־ȥĻϰģ 
ҿ㡣鵽ʲôûУ 
ʱûСЩɥ˵ 
㱻ݺˣһʲôıסһĳ¾ʶжˣʲôϵ 
ͳ¾й𣿡Щ 
ȴƽͷ˵һݺ㣡 
ⲻܡݺҵģ 
ֻǻɡҵ˽ҲйأĿ˵ڴ 
ʲô⵽ô£ôһǣˣ 
 




ʮһ յ

       ұᰴӾ˳ ǱݺġҪҳҳ˭ݺҡ 
ֱӻصͳ¾һķѾˡĶˡҿóһС͵棬ʲô͵øɸɾΪ¾߸Ƭˣ˵һǳ¾Լġ 
û취Ҳ¾ߣԾǳʧܣǷܵƹݹһӾƣȻ绰ᰡ 
ȷе˵ᰰҿ˼ҡȻļҡ 
ɳϴ˺ð졣ϰѣֱҲǸöһҾ֪ƻ 
ι˵㲻ܺȣͱô࣬ʲôǿ߶߶ûֱ꣬ڹʱô䡣 
Ҵţ˭˵Ҳܺȣٺȣ飡 
Ѿˣ 
ûû 
ߣ֪ǿ 
ʱѾˡ 
ҷԼᰵĴϡϻŮ˵ζ·ߵӸǰգѾˣѿ 
û뵽ᰵϴﻹйκҹ˺ӣϴϡϴҷһдǣڳ 
ҵͶ˳ͣԼӦʲô 
ҪǸϿҵ¾ߣҲ֪ȥˡ 
ȥ˴˹˾ûҵ֣ȻҺ̸˾һݺҡ¾߿֪ܲ顣ΪʲôҪأȥˣ 
˴˹˾ƽʱͳ¾ˣûм֪ǽ˭Ҳ֪ȥ˵üûˡ 
ȲѣȥǸСڵĺзӣ˵Լֻϵ٣Ӳʡ 
һͷûˣ 
¾ͻȻʧȥأ 
һ죬ûҵѵ뿪ˣȥĶأ 
֮£ֻȥᰡ 
˵ҲﲻҡԱ֤ʱʲô鷳ΪЩָ˽֤ݶ֤Ҹɵġ֪ҪûᰣҿͶڼˡʮָл 
û죬յһš˵Ҫ֪ô£͵ʮȥƽա 
˭дأ᲻һƣϵƭô˵һҲܷ 
 
ʮϰ˵㣬׼ʱϵƽա˼ѻ֮⣬ӰûСΪԼϵˣҪߣͿտ˹ 
ҸϽĻ档һм˽ˡҴӻȥͷͿ֡һˣ֪ʲô 
һ˵غ𣿡 
˻ش˵غˣܷġ 
ֽʣŮأ 
Ѿˡ 
ãúá³֮Ҿҵġ 
ллܡǻһش 
ðɣᶫǶϳҹζ࣡ 
һȺߺ˵죬ᶫᶫЩ˰Ѷѷڻһľͷӣһһ˳ȥʱ˺ţСĵ㣬Ƕɴأ 
أѷӶǰˣʱ˸īŮˡ 
ȥͷ˵³ôˣ 
Ů˿Ҳûֻ˵ҲҵĻﵽôˣʲôɣ 
³ģԲ⣡ 
ǾͺáˣС¡ 
ǡ³ߣ 
ŮˣֽдҶϳ׼ߣ¾ͻȻˡ 
ֱߵָǰָı˵Ϊʲôݺң 
ֱƵֱˣ֧˵ˣᣬһжᡭ 
ߣ᣿뺦Ҳ᣿ 
޻˵ܻؽ°ᶫЩץס¾ߡʮһӰѳ¾߰Χˡ 
ʱҴӻ˳ȥһס֣ʲô 
¾߿ң˵˵ˣ 
ҵͷǷҵģ 
ҡ 
ߵ¾ԣȥˡ˵˵㣬취ߡ 
ּƣ˵ʲô춯֣ 
ЩηηسǿͻȻһ˳ų¾߶˹ȥ˾һˡ 
һûǡɽصĶǼ˱Ҵ仨ˮڵֱ˶ŵòǰ 
ּ鵽زŵĨͣ׼ 
ץס¾߿֣ܵ 
Ҽæ׷ȥ˳˻ܡ 
ʱˣپӴ·ϳձҹ˲ȥ׷ˣų¾߿ܡ 
ҿӻܳļ˱ץסˡų¾ߴ·ڽֱһ⳵ˡ 
¾ߴȥķӡɳϣоɢˡƣ 
ʳ¾⼸ȥˡ 
˵ֽȥʼ꣬û뵽Щм뺦ǵ̸˵ָʹôɵġ˸˳ǻȴңǡĴжᵽȻ֪ұֵ˴ˡͨ෽֪һжָɵġ 
ΪʲôҪôЩ⡣ 
㣡¾ҵǸҵõϰΣþҪְˡ־λãԲŻô 
ԭ֪ץסûУ 
ܲģѾ¸ϰ˵ˣ˾׷ҲӲϰĳͷ 
˵ϰ˭Ļָʹ𣿡 
ʱ֪ġҪһܣȷͷˣٳȥ 
ΪʲôҪܣûʲô 
һ𣬾һץģ 
˵ʲô 
 




ʮ ʬ

       Һͳ¾˵Żš ¾ߵſڣźʵ˭ôˡ 
洫һ죬ţ 
Һһôôˣôҵģ 
㣬ţٲҾײˣ 
¾ֻÿšᰡ 
ǹų¾ߡȥ˵ᰣҪǹֻвӣʲôҲûɹ 
¾߾ȵؿ˵ʶģ 
Ҹæ˵ҡ֮ǰҸ֪ס 
˵ʵ¾ˡһžᰡ 
ɳϣǹҪһ˶˵һ£Ҷ˽⣬ͺñҶԼô˽⣡ɫöˡ 
ʲô£ץǻȥ¾߶˵ 
ƲƲ˵ʱץǡʵ˵һûķ֤ݡⲢ˵һ취ҲûУ 
¾ͻȻһ䣺ץûУ 
û뵽᰷һ䣺Ҳƽգ 
ûУֻʡ 
᰿˵ȥʲô 
˵Ҹȥģҵһ֤ݡ 
Ŷ𣿣᰻ɵؿҡ 
ץ𣿡 
ûС 
ϢҺͳ¾߶ЩʧȻˣôץĻᣬȻûץ 
˵ɣĻϰ˭᰻治ʡ͵ĵơ 
¾߻ش˵ʲôĻϰ壬ֻǸɵСûʲô£ҪʲôĻϰ壡 
Ϊһ㣿᰺˵ŲҰعȥ 
ҼæȰҪҪлú˵¶ 
Ը;𣿡᰻ 
ԲʲôҲû 
㡭Ҫȥˣվ׼ȥ¾ߡ 
ֹͷӲģҼæ᰺ͳ¾м䣬˵Ҫа취ġң 
ᰰ˳Һһӣ˻ȥ 
ãҾ͸һλᣬϣܸĹ£ˡ 
Ұͳš¾һƨɳϣҡҲȥ֪ôڡ 
ҪôȰң¾ȿ˿ڣǼƭңһҵĻϰ壿 
ҡʱΪ˾õĻ֮ƣ 
ã˵ģ¾ת˵뿪 
ȥЩȡ 
ҸطҪ뿪õȶӡ 
ðɡȥʰ 
Һͳ¾߰ᵽ˿վһСùѾǵΰˡ治֪᲻´Ρ 
ʱ̹עϢֹգһҵע⡣˵ڳһƬ«έз˼ʬ壬ʬûκ˵ĺۼĿǰ֪ôġ 
ϵӣҳ˼˺ܾáʼĵعأҲңҵڽȥˣҲΣء¾ߴֵȥҵعʵǰǴ· 
Һ˳ٽȥܾԶҲˡ 
¾߿﷢߹ôˡҰѸղŵݸ߸֮̾һ 
ֽ˸ٴع޷뷢ƣû뵽Ȼ뺦ҡǳ˯ŵʱӳġˣҲΡ 
ⲻܹ㡣ӦùǸ֡·ϣץס 
ǰ 
Һͳ¾һϢȥˡ 
Ҵ绰ᰣйߵľΪ֪ʲôҵȻˡ˵һˣʮңˣ߶ӷǣӦǺ˴ˮģǼȻǻӾôͲö֪ˡ 
ֻһ֪ 
ʼĳƣྪδϨ˵ԣԶҵļ֮С 
ֹ˼죬ֱץסˡű˵Ϊ˽˽ߣĿǰ˰֮С 
 




ʮ Ǭ

       ǬһСسǣΪ֪ ָƸκйʷΨһһλŮʵ졣ǺǬꡣ 
Ǭڵؽɽ˵ѡַʱ˵ɽŮ״ڱΪŮǺڻǰĹѡҲȷһŮ˵ 
Һͳ¾뿪ȥǬصƱȥʲô˵ȥǬ꿴ϾǬعû 
Ҳ֪ȥʲôҲûֹ 
𳵿˰˾ŸСʱǬءҺͳ¾а˳˸طס£¾˵ҪȥЩһùݡ 
ڶ죬¾߾ҪȥǬꡣ 
Ǭ꣬ǿΡʲôʱԷˮʼȤġҺվǬڵɽۿܴСɽʱԶԶɽӰڿʲô¾ɷнµ˵ɽʣܸߣˮ̫ڵľžɽˮ¦ɽɽӡˮˮɽǰһγɡˮаΧ˼һеʥأˮѨ 
Һ;۶ϣ޲ѣðʲôʱԵôϤ˵ҲܷϷˮ֮˵ʿգĿ࿴ 
ǺǣȡЦˣεͼҲȷʵѧһЩˮ֪ʶΪ˵عδ 
ôѵȥ 
һû˵꣬¾߾ʰʱһص΢Ц 
εЦЦɽߡ 
ȥιֱȥʯȺʯϰȸ⡣л񣬻ǣˣԼʮƳʱڷʯ񡣿ȫûͷ­ 
ΪʲôЩʯûͷ­أ 
˵һе˵ʯͱķ𵹶߻ٻ٣йʱʣ²ˡĻʱ򣬱ľɡĿɿġǣַﻹ˶νˣ˵ʲôǷ⽨ͳߵ͵ĳ⣬԰ʯԴľɸˡ 
һ˵棬˵Щʯͷ˹ˡ˵˹лصʱ򣬿ƳĹǰ˵ʯӱϥ˵棬ͳͳǵԴ˹ûǸʺţ˵ʯԴˡ 
˵ĩ꣬Ǭطߣʱ̫ˡذΪߵԴǬЩͷͷ˵ÿɽҪƻʱԵЩʯ˾ͱĿֲ֣̤ׯڣţ˵òʹ·ϵ˶ϾоԴҶǺ֮ǣ˸׷Щʯ˵ԴЩʯ˾˵ˣõã촦ˡ 
Щ˵ûʲôƾʵݣһЩ䴫˵͵طšɿЩʯͷȥˣҪΪǧ֮ˡ 
Һͳ¾һһЩûͷʯˣѾƻ轫 
ϦбЩʯϣڵӳӰӣԱ߿ȥЩֲܾǴ˵ʯͱֵͷɡ 
¾߿˵߰ɡ 
ҺгȻֳ˳ùݡ 
ɫܺãһֱû˯ڿڰУԼ춯֪˭˵Ҫ𣿡 
Ҹо˺ܾȣ˵ơ¾Ա˵ô˻û˯һȥ𣿡 
ߣҲȥһȥֲġ 
¾˵ž̽յǰ֪ҪʲôͷŤˡҵϸоϢ 
߰ɣһȥ¾վ˵ 
ֻصɽ 
ɽҹɫʼ֪ôߣ¾߳ȥһ·׷ȥʲôҪȥعôߣ 
¾ߵ˵ҴˣǬһͨعͨǴ취 
˲ԶǿʼɽԼɽʱһб£Ȼһεڡ 
涼óεʯͷɣֵԿѾĥȥǵʯͷһͨ˴ԼʮףǰһûзⶥǵԱ߾һ޴ʯš 
ǾǵعĹˡ 
¾ֵڵعǰãֻŲʯͷ϶ʹβơ 
û취ȥҵ֮УҪôǬ껹ͱˡ 
ݿ֤ǬΨһһûбꡣ˵û˵Ƕûгɹ˵Ĺδ¼ֱĩĻƳʱһ躵ĹԱһ¼Ϊ˻첻۶ʹǵĹʧܡ 
˵ȻԾţҲȫšΪʲôôĹ˶ûгɹأһΪ֪ܡһ˵ȷǬķʮּ̣Ҫع̸סĵĹ߶ǰ;աδɵĵ 
ȻعűˣֻҺͳ¾߳ҹɫ뿪Ǭ꣬뿪ɽصù춼ˡ 
 




ʮ 

       Һͳ¾ǬظĴ߶ϣܴӵϰмҵһǬزǴУûʲôĹŶ׳ֻɢһЩС̣ûʲôɿĶ ڳתһȦջ񲻴󡣳¾˵ǵɽȥתתɣӦ֪ñǶࡣ 
ȥ˾ɽԼһӣӾͽɽ塣 
ɽ˲࣬ԳչŶġи˲֪ɶйŶ˵վɻġƺˣ˵ǵţﻹмƿӣȥڳҪҪ 
Һͳ¾໥һۣͷǵշƷˣ 
Ҫߣſںסǣ߰ǿƿҪ 
ҿżƿӺһƿĶ˵ϲǲõģ㲻æˡ 
˶Ŷʣ˵ɶ 
¾ߴյ˵ǲҪǲշƷġ 
ˣѾƿӷڵ˵ɲǷƷ㲻ҪɶŶƿӿϴģҵ̫үүүүүүүүҵִҵʷˡǿ 
ҽӹǻƿϸ˿ҴһԪƵ黨ƿ澰Լɼ 
¾ùƿһ󣬶˵ƿǲҪ 
һɥ˵ɶҪֵǮˡֵģʵ۶ǵˣʵ۵ĹĶûҪˡһɶˣ 
ƿҪˤҸϽסȰ˵ʹãʹãֵǮֵǮأûôǮõרˣһǮģ 
ҵĻİѻƿŻ˵ֵǮ 
˵ǡƺһӸȥеëҪˡ 
Һͳ¾߳˻뿪ߵڣһǣţˡǶѾ߹ˣ˻عͷеͬ־ 
Ϊڽбˣûᣬ˭֪׷ǣؽеͬ־㲻ʶˣţӵԶݣݣ 
ᵽˣ˺ڱ˼԰һֱɴƭŰŶ˺ߡţҵӡ̫ģˣֱһӡûˡ 
ҺͿ˵ǡ 
ţĲǵˣϴε˼԰ȹġһ豭ġ 
ƺеӡˣ벻˭ǰʱ̫ˣ벻ˡ 
벻ûϵȻƧҲûɶдģȥˮв 
ұ˵ǻ£Ͳˣǳ¾ƺȤҸȥţվﲻæקذ뵽 
ﻹиϱûӣﻹȥҵİϣһûһĴڨ 
¾߻Ҷ࣬ʳʶ̣ĵòˣͷˣ˵⡣ 
磬ɽô 
ţԴӣЦ˵ɽûбţϤˣСҾɽÿһʯͷţӡ 
Ǻǣ磬֪ɽ˭ô 
֪Ȼ֪һôһӣʲô۵ģ 
֪һЩţƤû״¾Цżʵ˵ɽܶ£֪ô 
£˵ɶ£ 
¾߿ңԵضţ˵˵Ĺȴûгɹ˵֡ 
ȣ˵°ĹĶˣҲ¸ǣڣҲʱȥҺͳ¾߻һţ˵ûǸ£ҪȻҲȥˣǰãҾͿɽתƣҹƾǿı 
ţԽ˵Խ˵ǣѵ˵Ϳǵͼˣ 
Ǽ˰ת˺ðˣҾ֪ʲôҲҲҪҵţͽȥɾˣ 
ô˵һ޷ͭǽڣҽסʵ 
ţվ˿ǣ˵Ūȥ 
Һͳ¾߶һ¾߸æ˵ǣǣֻʡ 
ԣԣʵģҲ˵ 
ţƺˣ¾ߺҶվɶǾͲˣ磬ǻ£ˣлкǡ 
߰˷߰ɣţ 
Ҳл˵ˣ´㵽˵ǻܼ档ʱٺú¹ӣ 
ǺǣСߣҾͲˣ 
Һͳ¾ѾţļţѾ˲ԶˣţͻȻ׷˳ں˵Сʱںɽֹһѷ졭֪ûأ 
¾˵ղֻʵģ磬 
ɽ壬Һͳ¾ֱӻùݡ¾ȥִӣ֪Ҫʲô 
 




ʮ ѷ

       ¾ߴɽ档վɽ³ɽϵľɽɫ֮⣬ɽǶֱͱڡվλÿȥطסˣҪ뿴ȫòɽ ȥֻ̫ۣ棬ߡ࣬˵Ӱ 
¾߲СıһԾסˣ߹ȥӹװӵذӾ߳ 
ɽϣҪɽʱ򣬳һյվ԰Ѽɽı澡۵ס 
ϹȻһѷ졣ȥǿˡֻǲ֪ǲͨġ 
Ȼͨ棬ֱĹҡ鲻̫ɣҲֻһͨɽѷ죬ͲͨҲǺܿܵġ 
Һͳ¾һҪȥ 
ǵҸطӰá¾߰ǸӸװһȥİȫϼһ˽ᣬɽϵȥҲиĵط 
˰ִСӣɽһ󣬽ԵЩҶǲθУûʲôʯͷֻðϵǸ´Լʮ׵ĵطҵһúʵи 
ҰǿôΧȦ˺ôŴ˸ᣬȻְͷϵزġ 
¾ߺҪȥ˵ʲôҲðգӰϣ׼ɽ£ȥǸɽϵѷ졣 
Ѿ׼ˣҪɽ£ػȥ¾ߵҸǰϸ˰ϵĴ 
Ҫˡµһֱľʮȣ治ҿȥˡһģ˫ֽץӣŲϣ御±ֱִһһŲ 
¾濴ңС¡ߡţʱʱѷ컹жԶĿǰĸ߶Ʋ⣬ǬعӦò࣬ƳɽΪķףɽѾڿˡѷܿعġ 
ҵĽȵһͻɽʯϣԴЪϢƬ̡ϵӰýյʮܣѾоˡټȣ¶˺ͣʯҲͦѹ 
¾濴˵û°ɣ 
˵û¡ģϾҪˣ 
˵ֿ꣬ʼߡקŵӣѾ˻һʱмһԹ⻬һɿᣬ͸оסӺܳס΢ɶһ£û뵽һɣʧȥģһֱ䡣 
Сģ¾е 
ҸϽһѾ˽ͷסᣬֹͣ䡣ʱѾˡ 
ѷҵĽ¡ 
ҵһ󣬽ʯϣٻˡϵĺˮѾӴʪˣоЩҿץסˡ 
ղǲСģ׼һҪϴɿᣬȻԼ»ξԼ߳ӡ 
ûĻҵĽžӦǸѷˡ 
ҿ棬ĬĬȻɿᣬ˳» 
Եظо˫Żһŵ˫鲣Ѿǲҵˡ 
һᵽʱûнץסȷе˵Ѿץסˡ 
»һξ룬ѾǸŵѷˡҺýҲͲȵѷĵײ 
Ǹѷһ˲⡣ 
ҳһûûˡҵ֣ѪѾȾ˸ղŻһΡ 
ĳ¾ߴ˵ˣҵˡ 
ҿ¾ߴӿյ¿û°ɣ 
û£ȵһȡ 
ƽͷȥѷ档 
һںܿԽԽխɽ죬˵֪ͨж೤Ҳ֪ܹܲˡӿϿȥһй֮⣬һƺɲ⡣ 
̧ͷĳ¾˵Ҫֵ磡 
¾ֵ磬ҽӷ 
һСӰֵͲ 
Ҵֵ磬գȻܿøҲܿøˣȻжǷͨøԶ 
Ψһİ취ҽȥ 
ýŲʯϣƶȻɿӣ¶ס̫󣬶ҽȥһ谭ֻýƶб嶼ѾˣһڿԸоʹɿӣҲȥˡ 
һץӣһֻֿʼȥϰŵᡣ 
ղʱΪ˰ȫӰ̫ʵҲ̫ڽ鷳ʹһһ㣬ؽš 
ڣɶˣҼȻһһؽ⿪˰ϵİȫ 
ʱһһֻץסӣһֳֻʯ棬ȥһ㡣òףҼӶʯˣֻʣԴ档ͷԿպͰƣȻǱиġ 
ҿ¾¶Цݡ 
ȻֳԵʯڣǸһ˵ѷ 
ֵֻܰٹͷźǿŤͷȥźͨ·޷ͷֻõˡȷе˵ 
 




ʮ һ

       ֺϥѷţʱʱǿŤͷȥ桯·Ӧ˵ǰ·ߵķʽĲǰ棬ȫǵֻýǰź· ɽѷ콥խƽѾ޷ˡֻòȻֳʯڼ롣 
Ǹѷ첢ʮۣίһҲͨ 
Լɽǰ˶ʮףźͻȻסˡ˼ţԼоɶҼýŵ̤ãһʯͷ䡣 
ʯͷȥпյô˵һдĿնˡһܿ϶ǲĹңʱֻܴ۾ 
źǺģǿֵգȻǸնҼýŰΧʯҲЩ¶ʯҲʮּ̣ܿ죬ѾһԼ߸ߵͨ·ҹӣͨȫûģбʮȣҲͨ 
ǰƶһСΣҵĽȥԣңζһȫû赲ڵλãĵжߣ̫ˣȥҲ㡣ǽһȥܲʵ 
Ҽǰƶﺬֵ磬˫һֱȲѾˡ 
ǰƶҵѾ˱ԵȻ߹ǣѡ 
һֻڱԵϣһֵֻͲʮֳȥտڵνĿյ 
ľѹκһ꣬ϲ꣬ʼ꣬ܣֵյ߽磬ֻܴƶϣһǴֱʯϡ 
Ҹæ棬Ԥϵľ󶼲ϣȲڸߵõȥͻˤ£ҲǽһȥͲȵˡ 
ǽֵĹ⣬ѾԿ棬һƽ̹ĵطƴԼ׸ߵӡֻҪ֣Ϳ԰ȫ档 
һ£Ȼ֡ 
ƽ䡣 
ҿڱʯϣס˳ʯڻ˵סҿﴭؿðžһĴ㴳ģʵ̫ˣ 
һȻվ 
ǰ˼һգǰȥصˤ˵ϡ 
ð죬˵û˸оһǲǶˡ 
һоۣãûжϡֻصһˤҪҵСֵͲԶĵطǿžʹһһƵֵͲǰȻ 
ողˤһĵطȻһԵ 
ΧһŷһԼ׿ʯ 
ϻ¹ڡһЩõò֪ʲôĶ 
ûйЩֵ糯գʮܣضѷŸ־ᡣֻд鼮 
û´ĻѾǬ֮ڡԴӵعյһʷһǬعˡ 
ĵطӦعĺҡʯͻʵǰϲĶĵط 
ǼʯתһȦŴԼаôҺǰӦø 
ʱ˳¾߻档ҪȥףҵǽҲ׸ߣǳȥġ 
ұ˺ңֻǼܻǿʯȥߵһǰСĵذŵľȡŵϡȻþȫᵽʯϡͨߡҲܵĶ㣬ȻȥӦû⡣ 
ܵĵһ㣬ԣȶһ㣬Ȼ˶㡣ҪǸһߵͨ濴źףҪʵǺ鷳 
ҪԴȥȻŽź˫ֵһֻڻһʯһСģܲȷˣһܵȥȻˤȥҪóʱ߲·ǲˡ 
˵ǣ˳ؽʱխͨȻֺͽһһ 
ҿ⣬ſ쵽ϵʱ򣬺Ȼϵӻεζȥġ 
ϣһ¾Ѿˣ 
ϽѡӿҪˡ 
Ұͷȥ˵Сĵ㣬ס 
¾߿Ҹ˵˵Ǹ磬ڿˣһΪ㡭ʲôˣ 
ɵôᣡץˣ֣ 
Ҳֵģģ 
¾Ļʱһ֣˳ӻ»ĹУһûץȣǿɲǿЦġ 
ȻϰӣǲǾԵİȫ 
ô죡ȥĻء뵽˵ȥ𣿡 
¾¶ĺ飬Ͽ˿ƺûʲôġֿңʵôһͨ·𣿡 
ûƭƭĻҲͻȥˡ 
˵ҪȥˣҪƫһɣֱ 
ҸϽԴ˻ص棬ͬʱҲͿ¾ߴѷĿǰȥ 
Ҽæٰͷ̽ȥֻϣ˫ֽץӡҹ˫ѾĥѪûˡ 
ȻҾȲѵץӣȻһһ˿ϡѾˡ 
ͣһ㣬ͿԽˡ 
ҲϵعĽڲȵ˿ӵıԵ 
ҿϵĺˮʪͷЦЦ 
̫ˣˣ죬ȰѽŷŽ 
ҸһһǸСĿռУԼҲڲϵˡΪ˰ȫһʼץסĽţһξ룬ӽ֮Ҿ͸ֺͽŲǸֻܲӲܶĵطҽΪԶǱԵҪعˡ 
 




ʮ 

       վܵһ࣬ų¾ߣǬ¹ ܣʯԴϢ 
¾ңôһͨͨع˵Ӧ޷Ŷ԰ 
϶Ϊģǵµġ 
𣿣ҿﶼʯңӦǺ̵ܼġ 
ʯȻܼ̣ﱻѡΪĹѾͿˣһ𣬺׳ѷģ 
˵úеҪллǸţ 
ǺǣǳȥлһҪúлл 
߰ɣȥ餡 
ֵ磬ŽĺҶԳ¾˵ѾˣһЩ鼮ֻ֮⣬ûʲôرĶǰӦǰڷŹ餵ĵطˣǵȥɡ 
ҵ˺ҵţ˳ƿˡ 
ܺڣҳͣ˺ңһκ̵ܶұһҡǽȥһۣĿǰΣٶĶҲòȥ 
Ǽң˼ףһŵסȥ· 
Ҫƿǵſ÷һЩ˺üΣֻǶ˶¾Ҳƣ¶˲ķ϶ֵ֮˻ȥ 
һʲôšҿѾǧ꣬ҪǵعսǻᣬʮƥҲδöš 
ֻʹôֻź죬ʲôڵأŴˡ 
ǽȥ֮󣬲ŷֵڵϵľͷ˨ŵġ 
ֵͲܣмŵĹ״ 
ߵ״Աߣһ餡˭ĹأӦƸεġ 
ǰߣֿһ餣µûĻӦŮʵˡǽֵͲ֮⣬ʲôҲã˹ײģҲ޷׼ȷж˭˭ˡչأеӦǸڡ 
ղڷŹ餵ĵطңǰǰˡ 
ȻûǰűʣһʵĶȡ 
ǧ꣬жĽ鱦ǶûгɹЩǧǰһĪĸоȻ 
ǰңһеɵ쾮Щ͵ϵûʲôǰٻڵ̫ƽӣ˼Ŀ֡ЩҪķѴû뵽쾹ȻʷĲƸʱձ任˷ǡ 
ǰǹͽյĴˡôҲƲ 
ӣǴӺ룬Ҷ˵طҪǴǰ֪ж䵱·Ҫ»ûôף 
عﲻǾ֮أҴʹ˳ȥˡʳ¾ߣҲͬ⡣Ǿԭ·ء 
ߵǼҵʱͻȻʳ¾һ⣬ΪʲôҪǧټЩĹ 
¾ƺ֮ҿԸشӣ֪ȥҲûá 
ܣٴ˽ͨȻһһϡץȥȻ¾ҲСץˡ 
ҽ𶯣Ұ 
Ǭ֮оͽˡ 
ǻǬأȻ¾ͻȻʧˡ 
 




ʮ 

       ټҵȷܾȡ ϴľ֮ãã˺ҵңѾòˡ 
ҵĻϰûС 
ҵȻûҵˣ¾Ҳˡ 
ҪҺѾûطȥֻʱȥʲô취 
γ¾ҲԼ뿪ģͬĶˣҲڵʱ 
Һᰳ˻𳵵Ϊϵ㣬ᰰҰһ 
֪ܰʲôæܱµĺá˵ˣѾټѰҳ¾ˡ֪ΪʲôҸоͻȻһ죬֣ϴһһߴ绰ʲôġ 
֪˼еõζû취ʵ벻ȥ 
ֱһ죬ᰴȥ֡ 
ڼ£ɥ 
֪ΪʲôҴҴ׳Ļϰ˭ 
˹˾ѾرաڵѾһĲֵ 
ǵĻϰ嵽˭ҿڶ˵ 
ʲôϵֲǾ졣 
ǰʲôϵֻڳ䵱˼ҵĵҾ˼ 
Ҹˡ 
˭ 
ʶ 
˵ǡ 
¾ߣܲܰҵ 
ǣЦұôң 
ǰÿλȥǲǣ̸Щʲô 
ô֪ʲôʱʲôʱȥȥ̸ֻ⣬ҶûȤ 
̸ʲô⣿ 
ʲô£ͬ־Ҳ̸ˣҽȥվ˵ 
Ҳͳη 
ʲôջֻƲƲ˵ʲôҲûС 
᰽Ȼȥ˵ʲôиȣҪŶչᣬҪȥ 
˵ʲôȣٰչᡣ 
˵ǸŮˣнӢǰøջ 
Ӣû 
ڹȶأ㾡֪ġ 
Ҳǣ͸˱𣬻˼ҡ 
ᰵıסϳ֣һʮĵƽʱϲڼʲôģһ쵽ҽиͣķҵġ 
û뵽ᰵ˺ܶ໹ԵġӭݣƬһ 
ǿæҳˮҼͦ˵ģ 
ԭᰵĸĸţǸ賤ġСͺҪãͳ׽ˡ 
ǵģ첻ڼңһ˰ȥסˡҲһˣʮˣҲûš 
һһĴȤ˵ҪǽҲţҿҪһӹˣ 
Ҳʾػ˵Ҫټ޲ȥͱϴŮˣʱһˣһϴŮ 
˭˵Ҽ޲ȥ׷ҵ˶أ 
ӴӴ˰ɣôûһ㰡ô˻أ 
ƺ˭˵ûУǰһ 
˭翴һֿۣңȵ˵ 
ôˣҪǣҸס 
Ӵԭô¡Ǻǣ˿Ҫ㿩 
ǿңЩΣǱҿЦˣ 
ðɣҾͲˡ绹е£İ 
ιǡ 
æȥ 
Ҳ֪һ쵽æɶУЩĪ£ù 
ᰵıˣ﷢һɧǾûˡ 
ǸɶҴ˶ø԰ɣ 
ˡǳȥ߰ɡ 
Ҳã̫ˣ 
Ұϣһڽš 
ղ˵Ļ⣬ҺͱϲЦ᰽˵ 
ûʲô 
Ǻǣ𣿶ˣŮ𣿡 
û뵽ôʣаɡ 
Ŷ˭¾ߣ 
 
Ŷˣô 
һμͷϣЩйعŶĻ⣬ȻҾȥϢڶʱͲˡϴһ˺ܾҲûҵ 
᲻ȥʲôطˣ㣿 
Ҳ֪أ 
᲻ǸĻϰ 
пܡǡ 
ҪҵĻϰ˭Ψһ֡ 
ڼϴβʹʲôҲ֪ 
ֻ֪ǲ˵ 
ô죿 
һ취Ǽװ֤ݲ㣬ųһǸĻϰġҪ뷨ȡΣһȥǸϰ壬ȻǾͿԡһ򾡣 
Ǹ⡣ôȡΣ 
㲻ùܣѾ㰲źˡ˵һŶҪ֣æȻҪϰ塣Ǿ˳ϡ 
ðɣԸһԡ 
Ǻã 
ݰݡ 
תˣӡһصң绹ûлһ˷󣬿һӡ 
ӱ˵չڹһλȻ˴ʽӸġչõصĹע 
 
 




ʮ 

       һСҵ֣ĳ࣬ǺüûԹ Աߣƺûע⡣ȵˣҶϰ˵һӽ棡 
ֿһۣ¿Ҫߡ 
ȵȡ 
׷˷ݡ 
Ҹ𣿡ַ·ûɶƢ 
㽻ѣ 
ߣҽѣҿǾİɣ 
һ˦ˡһᣬϽ׷ȥ˵ôǾأ˾ץңṩǵĳ 
ᵽ£ƺ˶ϸһۣ˽ŲǰߡҺš 
ûʲôģ۾Ҳûңʲô£ѾǴ˹˾ϰˣ 
ǲϰҲںҪܽѣ 
ֺȻͣ˵ϴǮûȽҶ٣ҽûطס 
Уû⡣ͳһٵĸ 
ץŽ˿ڴ 
ڿ˵ҵĿ˰ɣ 
е㶫Ҫֵ֣زģҲûʶˡͽʶһ·ģϰ塭 
סѾʲôϰˡæҰﲻˣټ 
ιȵȣ׷ȥԺɶ£ô㣿 
е绰𣿡 
С 
ǰĵ绰ңһȥģ 
ʲô⡭ 
ٲ 
ãáУ 
ҰԼסĵطĵ绰ҡڵˣѾЩ΢գȫû˵ϰʱӢˡ 
һɶʱҰɶʱ֪° 
ⲻϵһи׼ 
תһ룬Һˡ 
ô˵³ˣţ 
ֻҪ绰ˡҰϢᰣܸһչ˳ 
ǵ˼죬ҲûиҴ绰ѵ˵ֻҵһԸ˵Щֻ˵ģ 
ǲô˵ҲһҪȥҵ¾ߵ÷˵ΨһȻҲӦ̫¾߼ȻԼˣôһġֻһԣʧ˲֪Ҫȵʲôʱ 
ͻȻЩˡ 
Ǯ˵ζʲôҪΪ׬ǮͷˡЩüϾ͹һˡ 
⵽Ϊɶ 
ҵ¾ߣһҪȰҪٸˡѾһǰռ뷭𵹶һеˡҲٸȥˡ 
ǣһеһУҵ¾ԺΪʲôҪҵ¾ߣԼҲ˵Ŀǰ˵ 
ò׵ȵ˵죬ڿֽ绰ͻȻˡҼæ±ֽȥӵ绰ᰵıЦЦͳˡ 
ץͲ洫Ѿõң֡㲻Ҫ𣿽ϵư㡣 
һûü˵־͹Ҷˡ 
ϡ 
ưɣ࣬кȵģžƿӸɱġҿڽ߹ȥк 
ôʲô 
ˡ 
ôУȾƣƿơƣҵġֶŷ˵ 
һһƿơưҵǰ 
žƿ˵Ǻȣ 
ƿһ 
˵ܣô 
Ҳ˵ѾϰˣԺôС 
С鵽ô 
ѾǰѰˣҪû⣬ֻǮ˵ 
ǮҪֻҪ֣ܳҾ͵ѣ 
ˬ죡ǺðɣҾ͸һҵѡ 
˵꣬ͼһīԡ 
λǣҿ˵ 
Ҹһ£ǰһϻˡҵһ붼鵽ȥˡҲҿұס㱾Ǯһпڷԣ 
Ŷһᣡ 
Һ֪֡Ļϰ壬˸ƴˡû̸Ǳ⡣ 
ֻǲҡ 
ұٺúһ¡Ӧòȡʲôж 
ľӦó㶫ƣ֪Ҳ˵󻰡 
ҪҲǹŶУУЩֵ˶Ǯ峯Ļ˵а취Ҫ㣬˷ų֮⣬Ҫ÷Ŷ 
ȥϵ֣˵лѾ˵Ҫϵ֡ 
ҵ֣˵ˡֲ֣˵ҪҪĻϰ塣 
ܾҾȻ֪ˡ˵Ǵһ֪ġĸѡһˣҲʶ 
ãҾҵĴϰ壡 
ô˵ˣ 
ڳǱľɻʱ˭ҪǲԺҲ̸ˡ 
Լ֮ҰϢᰡ˵Ŷû⣬һ취㵽 
Լȥ˳Ǳաһġ 
һأ 
˵𼱣һ͵ 
ûãһһ˾Ÿīᰣʼе㵣ġ 
ֿʣأ 
˾˵ڳϡȻᰣҷǳϤ 
û˵ʲôܵ棬򿪳 
ߵ󣬿ҿһľͷӵĶǣɫëޣëһƿ 
ϸƣ߿ߵͷȥģ⡣¶ڱӶһ֮󣬻뿴ѹڵµġ 
ȥ˵ôŲң 
ǣСʻ괬˵ˣοǱʴҪϰ֪˼ٻһǹң 
ˣϰأôûˣ 
ܿˣ˵ôżϰ尡ǲǲ 
˵ﻰ 
Ͼϰ壡 
˵ó󣬺˭˵ЩʲôӺֱܹͷ 
һһСͣ˻档һôЩ죿Ƶģ 
һˣźɫīò϶ǸŮġ 
Ů߽ˣңȻժī 
ôϵ𣿡 
 




ʮ 

       īӾȻʶҡ ϸһأ˳ԭһǰһѰҹɼ˼Ľʿ 
Ŷ㣡Һò׷Ӧ 
ôԾһֱڰ£ѵ㲻֪𣿡 
ʲôڰ£ѻ˵ 
ɣʿ˺һ 
Ŵˡ¾ߴ·˳ 
ߣԭ㡭 
ллһȥѰЩĹҲлȹҡҪ㣬һֱ㣡 
ʲô⵽ô£ߣǲƭҵģôң 
˰ɣȥ£ͲҪˡ̸ġȿɣ 
վһܵͻȻʣһʱָ 
ߵûãʿͽеô£ٵģ 
ƭңһǼٵģֱ񡣽ʿͳ¾æȥ 
ʱڼʻϵ˳ǹָ˵𶯣Ǿ졣ܲģһؾȥȡɣ 
ʿͳ¾߷׷ͣذ־ٹͷ 
Ȼַȥץסᰵ֣קڵأͬʱﺰǿߣ 
ʿͳ¾Ⱥ˳ųˡ 
᰺ֲһ󣬰Ʒˡ 
վתĬĬ֪֪ 
߹ҡңιû°ɣ 
ҡҡͷ 
û¾ͺãҪؾ֡Ҳһȥ 
ܸҵʱһ˾һ 
᰿һ˵ðɣȻرȥ㡣 
Ѻˡ 
Ҵվһ߳Ǽա 
 




ʮһ ʺ

       ôᱻأ ¾ҳôͻȻҵˣ 
ѵ˵һʼǹҵģᾭֻˮ 
Ҿһһһ뿪˱Ȼȥ̽Ѱʲôʼع 
ǺͿզûأ 
ȵȵȵȣҵ˼Щˡ 
¾ߣ¾ߣ 
ˮΪʲôҪңԲңԼˮ£Ϊʲôƴϰ 
ǬʱҪңһϳˡΪʲôҪң 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊʲô 
ʵ벻ͨʲô 
ѵ˵ʿѣǳ¾Ϊʲô 
һеô£ 
 
ڴϷȥ˯š 
һ϶¡ԺҪ˯ŵʱѾˡ 
 




ʮ չ

       ˡ ֪ 
ôˣû˯ãҹǷ˵ 
Ǹû˯ 
ŶǲǼ¶̫󣿡 
Ҳû뵽 
ʶǸŮˣ 
ֹʶǻѣһǰ 
һǰܸܲô£ 
Ҳûʲô˵ġҰһǰ鶼ᰣôôһȥҳɼ˼꣬ȵȣͳͳ˵˳ûֳ¡ 
󣬲ࡣ 
˵չҲҾˣôĿŵذЩ·Ķóأ 
չĶ϶ǴõġλţĿġԺͻкܶ˺̸ġ 
⵽ǡǿչǰ첻ˡ 
ʲôʱٰ죿 
Ǻ죬Ǿϵ飬ˡ 
ңҲôġ 
ðɣ̸֣ܰȥ 
ġ 
Ҳǡ 
վˡһȥ˯һȵ˯ѵʱ򣬻κηնˡ 
Ժҽӵᰵĵ绰˵չճˡҪȤԹȥ 
ҵȻȥлỹҪҳ¾ô£ǺȻأ 
һ·չݡ˺ܶ࣬̽羫Ӣв̳֪εʲô磬йŶ 
ҵᰣվһǰ棬óûдԼоͷҡ 
ˡ 
ûпǸŮˣ 
ûУİɡչٰģһ¶ģ 
ʱ᲻ץ 
Ҳ밡û֤ݣ 
֤ݣʲô֤ݣۿ֤𣿡 
ֻ֤ڳõĹŶǼٵġҸʲôأչٹŶ 
ô죬ң⣬֪϶˽˲ٹ 
ó֤ݰ 
֤ݣ֤ݣô֤ݣ 
û֤ǲץ˵ģ 
Һ˵Żֻǰ̨ϳһˣܸ˵˵ӭλɹȽӢŮʿٰչᡣŮʿһֱȰŶղأǹѧĿŲʿչĹŶǽŮʿڹ˺ܴ󾢲ռģЩĸأײʾ˵ġνŮʿչʵһйŶ߸˵¡ˣŮʿ 
˵̨֮һƬҵŮʿźɫװŵĲӣӺ̨˳̨ 
Ůʿߵ̨룬Ųæض˵ϸлλڰĶҼʮղأЩǰ˹ӱú԰ߵģұݣĿǰǵﱣû뻹ʱҵߣȵһ죬Ҿܹʱһ޳ؾףչõ˺ܶ˵֧֣ڴˣҪл֧ҵˣллǡԸȰŶѣʲôöԸ˫ļǮȻҲһЩλѸȤĻҵĸŮ̸̸ 
̨һˡµ˿׷ҵĹ 
ǳ¾ߡ 
ҿվ̨Ϻ˴кȻŮʿˡ¾߱һȺΧţ̸֪ЩʲôƺһۡҸæȥǽϵĹŻ۹Ⱥпȥ¾Ȼڶ˵š 
ᰲ֪ʲôʱ뿪˻᳡һûҵ 
߳˻᳡û뵽¾߻վſڡ 
ҳ˵л˵ 
Ҳ֪ڸʲôϷǸȥˡҴչ¥ϵһ䲼Ĵ 
ʲô˵ɡ 
ѵû֪ģ 
Ȼˣһʲô˵ġ˵һֱңǲģ 
ǡȥĵطƬûҡ 
ʲôҵƬʲô 
㻹֪ɣȥĹǬ֮⣬ˡĹ㡣ЩƬ֤ݡ 
Ǻǣ̫ЦˣҿЦá㡭ΪʲôҪݺңߣѵͲ֮ĸ𣿡 
飿¾˼˵ҲɼҾݺġǸ磬ԭҰɣ 
ԭ㣬Ǻǡ 
ɵЦͻȻ˽еߣʲô 
Ŷû¡ 
ȥɣкܶ˵Ÿ̸أ 
ȥ¾߲˲۽ǵˮ¥ȥˡ 
չĴˣŮʿҲǽʿ 
ߵҵǰ˵·ѡҪôңҪô±ӶڼȹԼѡɡ 
ҿ֪߻ޣ֮ҶŮ˴еҶ˵ΪʲôҪңû뵽ЫĳŮˣ 
ߣΪʲôΪǮŮ˶Ǯǵԡ 
ǮӦù°뱲˰ɣ㻹㣿 
°뱲ӣֹڵǮ㹻һʮӣ 
ȻôǮΪʲô⣿Ź¾߰ɣ 
ЦԼԸҵģҴû 
Ҫʲôô˼ңܸеĿİɡ 
Ǻǣˣ˵ǣ𵹶ֲòʿѧλֻҪú˭ܳΪмң 
Ϊʲô 
ˣǽƬҵĿֻһǰѾҵߡ 
Ѿˣ 
ģֻԶߣ粽룬ŻԶȥ 
ˣˣģΪҲˣ 
ô᣿ 
ҺദôãҾú֮ԶһƵģҲ֪ʲôԭҾΪң 
 




ʮ Ю

       㣿ΪʲôҪҷ㣡 Ҳ𣬻Ϲȥ 
ܲôˣҪߣ 
Ůʿ˵꣬Ȼ¥³ˣץסҲšһ󣬾ͱǴˡ 
ʱ򣬷ԼһĴϡмزյ͸ 
 
ӴԼоԴЩۡҳǼӣȻͿһӾءôĵطӦҪܶǮɡӾرţһ޼ݣ߹ȥ˭Ҵģ 
˿˵ҲأֻǸ԰Ҹ㣬ʱ򣬽ʱסҲҪȥԵĺȵĶ˸ġ 
סլңɲءһסôķӣһе㲻ϰߡΪԼȥߣſ˿ŵˣ˵òҪȥյϾܻ鷳 
ϾϾ 
⡭⣬ѵ˵ұ֮󣬾ͱ͵ˣǲҲڣ 
ʲôʱ˵þͻġϳȥ£Ϳˡ 
ַȥ˻˻˭أû´ĻӦǸʲôӢŮˡ 
¾߽ʱ˽ŲȻתͷȥ¾Ҳҡ 
ô⣿ҿʡ 
ǽʿġ 
ʲôΪʲôҴ 
㻹ȥˡ¾˵žߡ 
ҽסȵȣߣ취뿪һر𣿡 
Ϊ㻹ܻȥİѱϡڶѾˡ 
취һߣ𣿡 
һߣ 
ǰ뿪ߵԽԶԽá 
 
Ϊʲô 
ڿ¾ߣͻȻһ˵ҵĻضϣΪǸ߲ˡ 
һǽӢʲôʱģ 
ҪȥףֻҪҰ£㵱Ȼ롣 
ҪҰ 
ֻҪǰһҪǽĹȻһһҾˡ 
ô˵¾ǰȥѰҵĵعżȻģԤȾɸѡźõģʲôˣô֣Ͳһ췭 
ô򵥣 
ѾҪЩعǷǳΣգǳѵģ飬̽·Ĺɡ仰˵ǲӣ 
ǲӣҿе㲻˼顣ȻôϲĹΪʲôǰԼȥҪʲôǲӣ 
ߣĴҲѾˡ֯ϻʵʱǵĹҲ˵ǲһӶһ죬ǻỹɵģ 
Ŷô˵㻹Ļϰ壿ҿʼԾ 
Ļϰ壬֯ѣ֪ɣ 
ʲôˣ 
⻹֪飬ʱ򡣡 
ҲӦ£ô 
Ѿ˵ˣֻ·ҪôңҪôü 
ұѡ 
ӢЦ˵ӽ쿪ʼǾʽĺˣǼ̸ɡ 
ҿ߳ȥ¾߻ɵؿ˵Ը£ 
ǻô޿κε˵ҿɲһӶڼ 
Ǻðɣǳȥ߰ɣ 
ðɡ 
ǳ˽ӢıɢһᲽҺͳ¾һЩڹ֪һôġ 
սŮһӢһйȲӢҲȱıӢ˵ùʼһжսŮչˣǺŷԭǸŮ˺һʵĹ֯ϵ֪Լ֪¡սŮ˿ʼΪõķǰѳ¾ҲˮУͲԼˡ¾ҲúݺҵķƵֶΣӢ˷¼սŮ˻װİ˳Ȼרŵѵγ̣ѵһĹǻ˹Ȼҵҡ 
ԽԽǸŮɲ⡣ 
ҿų¾ߵ˫ۣץס˫˵ѵûа취ûԹܣ 
ԹӵȥӵҵҵģӲ 
һߣֻҪõ֤ݡ 
ʲô֤ݣ 
Ӣķ֤ݣʱǾܺһﻻһûϵİѱȻǾͿԻˣ 
Ŀ𣿡 
ǵģ֮Ǿ뿪йȥط 
ȥ 
ôܻǰĵط 
̫ˡ 
 



ʮ 

       ԴˣҺͳ¾һط꣬ನ֮󣬿ʼߵһ𣬲òӢĹ֯ סڽӢϾһÿ鶼һ򿴱ӾɢӹҲС 
һصѹͷǾǱסȮĴѰ 
ǵӲûйãܿӢɸһȥϽɽ̽ȨĹ 
֪ȨĹԱ߾ʵԪ谵ĹģܻõıȨĹҪмֵöࡣΪʲôҪ̽ȨĹ 
Ӣ˵Ԫ谵ĹѾûʲô̽ˣЩʲôѾ֪һˡ 
ʲôⲻܰԪ谵Ĺعû򡭡 
һû˵꣬ˡûټ˵ȥ 
ȵһ죬ǻܵõʲôʲô˴ҵˣҾʲôҲòˡȨĹȣȻ󣬵ҹƵعкܶ౻صҲõʮܣءɲûеôף 
Ǿȥ 
Һͳ¾ȥϽɽҵԣȨĹ 
ĹѾ̮֪˭ȵˡͨǺܿ˵رĹҲعڡ 
˵Ӧв˵ˣǵعôأѵ˭ڲˣ 
Ĺ˺ܾãûҵعڡˣѵûеعⲻܣҲûзֹ餡 
ֲսŮҪ̽·ѾˡֻҲûҵعƾʲô˵عغʹأ 
ʷϹȨĹļ֮٣ֻǰʱڵһ꣬򵥽ܡȨĹʲôأ 
Ǽұ˵ϲ֣ʼҲعڡȻ϶еعĴڣΪҲڣҲûУ 
ˡ 
Һͳ¾߻صĹһͤǰ棬벻ͨΪʲôҲع 
ôҲع 
ǰǵһ 
ѵعĳصĵطûҵ 
Ѿ潨ұˣûа 
ϸң 
ðɡ 
תҪߣȻע⵽ͤµıдɷĺ֣Լǳǰ¼ġ 
¾߿վﲻߣعʵòΪǵعѣ 
仰ңΪʲôܣ 
ԵĵطԶأ˵ˣƵͰûκαǣ˭ѵع 
˵ûָоعھ 
ٽȥңɡ¾߳˱ͤվǿ鱮ǰϸоһȻ 
ǱһķεĻϣһƽ̨Χƽ̨תһȦûзֻ֡صƽ̨ϣ鿴ʲôҲûСѵʲôҲǣҵֱǴģ 
Щɥִʯϡ 
ʱʯȻתƽ̨ͬڷ׷ȥ¶һ׿ڣڴԿʯ졣 
Ҹæҵ¾ߣһʯݽ˵ĹѨ 
ȥ֮ûšһ޴Ĺңű֣ˮ½Ž߳ìеʼıٸֻǶľͷġ 
ЩľƵıٸм߹飬ԴһʱӵӢ£ 
Ƕ氡㿴һһ¾߸̾ 
ҿЩʿֿϣȫʯͷסģҲûС 
ʲô֪¾߿ʲôطֽǸҾһžתһЩľƺˣ 
 
 




ʮ ľ

       ô£Щľ˶ˣ¾Щŵ˵ еľ󣡡 
ľʮͭˣô죿 
ʲôҿų¾ŵİľͷ˵ 
֪ 
ҿ 
¾ǿľͷߣͬʱЩľһǻ˹Ƶģе߶ǿ 
ۿ¾߾ҪԱˣһľ˺Ȼ̳еĳìסȥ·һľ˾ͳҹ 
ҸϽһԣЩľƵģ׾תȻȥ׷¾ߡҿĹľԽԽࡣǱΧˡ 
¾߻ȭͷȥЩľˣȴӴ¾ֽеŵǿľͷ˵ϡ 
ҳܹȥһдɫ֣ 
ԭǹŴǲõ 
ʳ¾õġ 
ָվںһľ˵õģ 
취Żȥ 
˵ţЩľͷ˵ת򣬳ұ 
һֻìҴҶȥܿǸľͷ˼һǹһṇֱ̀ǲԸˣû뵽һľͷһᵽҵıϣˤڵء 
ڵϣľͷֱֱذѽŷȥһۣ 
ľ˶Ҿۼ˭űǾ˭ 
뿪¾߱ǸľѾ̫ԶҪȥôľɵΡ 
¾߿վšҶң 
ش𣺡õģ 
ŻľܿȺӶӵľ˻е 
ǰһľˣȥˡҰѱӸ¾ߣס 
õģ¾ֽסӹȥĻ 
Щľת򣬳¾ΧȥҶЩìͷɨЩȻľͷģıһҲȫ涫ġ 
ۿЩľ˴߹ҳ˻˹ȥȻŽŶԳ¾ߺӹ죡¾Ѿ챻Щľûˡ 
һ죬ӵϻ˹ 
̫ˣҼǵٵشľˣصСӣǸľǸָЩľ£ 
صУЩľ˶ԹԵزˣһһʯͷһˡ 
¾ߴľ˴˳ 
߹ȥʵû°ɣ 
ϵĻ˵û¡ 
ﻹвٻأԺҪСĵ㣡 
һġ 
Һ߹ǼľʯңһĹҡ 
 




ʮ¶ľ

       ľʯңһʯҡ 
һӣеˮǳ԰һ߸ߵƽ̨һ餡 
ǺӴԼʮ׿ӣҪȥͨϵһľšͨ· 
վȥԼףںϵһƽ̨Ӷ԰ 
ľžƽ̨ľͷƽ̨ 
ҲȥԣƺԹˡ 
϶ľţŬƽ⣬һһǰš 
ߵмʱ򣬺ȻһСͣվŲ 
ôˣ΢Ťһͷĳ¾ߡ 
£Ҳˣ 
£屣ƽ⣬Ҫ£ǰߣ 
Ҳң 
ģûµģ 
ҼӴӣٹšһ 
ٿ¾ߣվϣ԰ƽ̨Լ׵ӣվҡΡ 
ƽ⣬Ҫ 
һȥһ 
ҵĻƺƽһ㡣 
Ǹ磬Ҹô죿վϺ 
ҵģģûµģҪ£ƽ⣬Ȼǰһ 
ҿ¾ƽȵǰһܺãһֻţǰߣ 
ǰһҼ˵ܺãһһߣסҪ£ 
¾˼ƽȡȻæӿ˲ӣʼãžһȿգµȥ 
ץסˣ 
ҿסľˮϡ 
ǧҪ֣ˣס߻صľϣµĳ¾ȥ 
Ǹ磬ҿץסˣ 
Ҫ֣һеģס 
ߵ˳¾ڵλǰ棬ȥľŲһ߿ұСؽһСģпܺһ 
ˮ֪ǳĹĶһ档㲻˶û 
Ҫ£ס 
һֻץס棬һֻȥ¾ߣһ¾߽һֻȿ棬һϡ 
Ǹ磬Ҫû㣬ˣ 
¾Щ˷ܣԼеΣһֲȥ 
Ҽæסļ򣺡Сģ 
ץס棬סˡϲ֪ȥʲôںһֵҿǸڽˮͬʱѾȫʴˡˮиǿȵĸʴԡ 
ó¾վ֣߹˶ľš 
˶ľţ˶̾һ̫Σˣ 
ҿߵƽ̨ǸεĽôʯɣһ餡 
ΪǾȨĹ餡 
ȡ̽ץ׼סһ̴ľɵĹײģǺܴ󣬺ͨĹûʲô 
̽ץűԵ˶ײĽˡ 
 



ʮ ʬ

       ײһѾɻʬ壬ӴȨ ʬԱ߷ŽǷ˰ҵľȻȨ 
һ֪˲Ȩߵʯƽ̨ЪϢһ¡¾Ҳ鿴˹ײʬ塣 
ȥһĹ餣ǷôʲôҲûҵƽ̨˵ 
¾߿ʬ壬߹˵ȷʵȨǰæˣ 
ǲʧˣ 
ҵ⸱餡 
ʲôãֲȨ 
ǳȥҰɣ 
ðɣ 
վͷ˿Ǹ餣׼϶ľţ»صȥ 
ҶԳ¾˵ò߶ľ˰ɣ 
ǲ£ûҡһ 
ããһˣ߰ɣ 
ľȥ¾ںңǸײĵĹ׸ǸϰɣܾþŲã 
أѾ˺ܶˣںЩģ 
 
¾û˵ʲôѾߵľűˡ 
ǰߣҺ棬õģܿ͹ȥˣҶԸոƽ̨ĳ¾˵ 
˶ľţ˲ԶֻµˮȻһɲˡǲǴһɢģԽԽԽԽ󣬵Ѿγһһ׶ˮһ޴ʯͷͻȻˮС 
ʲô¾߿Ǹ˵ 
֣ôͻȻôУѵʲôﲻɣ 
¾һйŵüһֿʼҡʧȥƽ⣬һ׹ˮС 
˻ȥ 
¾߼æתһ˻ȥƽһҾȵؿһʲôˡ 
ſ˫ֱֺƽ⣬߻Ǹڵĵط 
վƽ̨źǸУãȻʧˡ 
ƣؿ϶ʲôˣ 
վؿˮ棬óʱûж 
Ϊһжָƽ˵ʱˮͻȻһԽðһˮ֣ 
֮Խˮ֣ͷǸͷ쳣Ĵ󣬶ԳСţβȴʮֵСֱһĹ 
ˮָպľϣץ档 
¾ŵץסҡ 
ҿֻҲǻð亹ӣȷʲôӣҲʲôħ֡ռΨһͨ԰ͨµˮ־кǿĸʴԣǲ·һô 
ֻץһ¾ɿҵ֣ʲôֲ̫ˣ 
˵ҲǳػУɵɣ 
㣿һ㣬ϸȥ˿ǹ 
¾ߵı֪ҪŻˡ㣬ֱһĵĹ 
ҷЦֻطר·м䣬һֻ· 
ô찡취¾ڴҡ 
ʲôð취Ȼôǿҵĸʴˮʶ£ô죿 
ҺȻײаѽæ߹ȥѽ˳ 
ǰѽʮŽоǳ 
ͻȻһ뷨ͶԳ¾˵ҿܲܰˮ£˻ܹȥסҪ棬ʲôҪܣֻܹܲȥ 
ҡ𣿡¾ߵԼˡ 
û⣬ң 
Ǻðɣ 
Žƽ̨Ȼأҿǻˣ¼ᷨӡһӻֻ￿ 
ҶߵֻһԶĵطˣǹﻹһ㶯ûС 
ҾŽȥǹﻹǲŽ濳ȥˡֻ磬ǹ˿ڴʳһճճҺ塣Ұѽ˻ǹȻ 
ǸеˣѵûôܹôУȻˮأ 
תͷȥ˿¾ߣ 
úް취¾ߺȻ죬ƺҪ˳ȴָϣôˣҲָ֪ʲôعͷȥһǹѾҵĽ£СצץҵĿӣ 
鼱֮£ýһӣצӣ 
ǹ￪ʼ졣ֻ˵צӵˮУû뵽Ҳȥ 
ᣬҼæг¾ߴܹȥΪ˰ȫԼ˻ 
ҹȥ¾վű߾ŵ˵ 
еģ찡 
ҵһٴߴ£¾߰ѽ̤˶ľţȥһߣû뵽Ȼ˻ߵƽ̨˵ҡȥҲң 
Ҳ֪쵽ôˣǰ»ǵģⲻƽĳ¾߰ 
û취ֻĵȰһߣ͸ղһɣûµģ 
ҡң 
û£أ 
¾߸ҪһȥʱҿǹˮֱĺӰ 
Ҫֹ˳¾ߡˣ 
ҿֻϳһȥСӣֻҿϵСצʣĲѾˡ 
ֻʣֻצˣ 
ʲôĶץȥˣ 
Ҽıϱҿһô˵Ҳºˮĸʴԣ 
ֲԴֻá 
ôǿʴԵˮдôأѵû 
һ飡 
 
һ˼֮ǹѾ˰ϣŽҪȥûȻ㿪ˣ 
ٿҽ˼£ȥˡѧϰһǵһǣ 
ҪȥʱȻҽܹýݵƽ̨¾߼ 
ҸȥֻǹǸײȥˡȻû 
Һͳ¾վǸײġ 
¾ߺȻ˵ҪҪȥĵִˡ 
سǸǰߣСĵŲӣʱӭǸһ 
Ȼ߽ˣҲûʲôײһǸѾΪһ̲Һڹײʬˡ 
Ҳ̾һˡ 
߰ɣѾûˣ 
ûˣ¾ƺЩţҪȥ 
˵ˣѾˮˣʲôÿģ 
¾ȴ˵һҪ 
У㿴ɣһһ½ƽ̨ȥ 
Ǹ磡ƽ̨ߵűˣ¾ߺȻһ 
תͷȥô 
㿴ӡˡ 
һ߸ʬѾˣʲôˣҵĴȻһʲôˣѵ˰겻ʬ䣡 
ıˣڱأ¾ߺȡ 
Ҵ˼룬϶˵ǸϿߣ죡 
¾߻֪ʲô£ƽ̨ңôˣﲻѾû𣿡 
ʬǲǱݱȥһǲڷǣ¾ʵ 
žֵĴ۾˵ǰô֪ 
Ҹæ˶ľţҪʬˣǵ뿪 
ʬ䣿ʬô£ 
ûʱͣǿ߰ɣ 
Ӳų¾ڶľţ¿һۣȻͣˡ 
ôˣҸоڷ 
Ǹ磬ǲȥɣ 
ᣬңɣǰߣһĽǰŲŲ 
ǻȥġ£ 
¾վﲻˡ 
Ͼ£Щ첻µز£ɾʲô󰡣߰ġͽһｵһЩ£ɾȻɱֻ¾Ҳȷʵ¸ңΪûڶľߡ˵ĵ 
û취վϲߣǱߵʬѾʼˣұȡж˵ 
ʲôжأߵߣ˹ȥ 
лл㣬Ǹ磡 
Ұѳ¾߷ŵϣǱ߿ȥֻײеǾʬѾ˳һֻӣ 
߰ɡ¾԰˵ 
ٿ 
ֻӴӹײ˳֮ƽ̨ϣƺǡ 
ҿĿңתҪߣֻӺȻ˸ԾֱӴƽ̨ 
Ҽæͳ¾ܳǼĹҡ 
ӸղŴӵԾӦˣǿʴԵĺˮԸһˣ 
ǻصľ˵ĹңղЩľܹʱ򣬼ȫҵȥˣǶȻҳȥϰ 
ôȥҿʵʵľ˶ѣûҵ· 
Դ±ȥҸղžǴģ¾ָҿ 
ڶľȺйȻһͨ·ҿٰľɣܹȥ𣿡 
԰ôУľм䣬ͨ 
ҿһΣסҰѻӸ㣬ǹˣӸң 
ߵǸľ˽Աߣȿ˿ЩվŲľˣȻȡ˽еĻơ 
Щһľ˹ȻֶΧ 
ߵһߣ¾㹻Ŀռ䣬ľȥʱ˹ȥ 
ҪѻӸ¾ͻȻߣߡ 
һֻֻۣӻճճҺ壬վſڡ 
Ȼˣûбʴ 
룬ǰľΧдţβƴӳȥˡŻڼľм䴩Щľֻеظȭȣתȼ򵥵Ķһõģ¾еľһΧͷҲ 
ֻӹȻ£ֱ˫һɨѼľƷڵءʱҲõ£̳ұ 
Īǳѵģ 
Ѿƹ˶ľˣʣµҿֻƺһȺľм䡣 
ƴſڳȥֻ׷øˡһȺľҲĶ֣ 
ҽ嵽ʯǰвľڿ¾ѾʯϣϾ͵ˡ 
ҰĻȺľм䣬˵ϡ 
û뵽Щľ˶ˣ 
ûһһȫɢ˼ܣ 
һӳұæʯ 
׳˵棬Ҽæг¾ȥתʯڻϣʯһ֮ң 
¾ȥʯת档ҳʯһӼԾ档 
찡 
ҴһŽվǰ׼ƴף 
ڵʯϵһ̣ȻһԾͷײʯϣ˫ֱʯ強ѹϣ 
ڿɿˡ 
ĹǰĴʯƽ̨ϣɫѾˡ 
ʱ¾߿űϵڣ 
һپһսдһƪʷǣô˽ڣ 
վߵʯǰһֻ֣Ϧ̺Ѫ 
 



ʮ ֯

       صӢķǶ˵ûҵع Ӣ󲢲⣬ֻǶԳ¾˵һʧְɣԺһϸа 
¾ʲôҲû˵ӢػҲˣȥϢɣ 
Һͳ¾߳˴ȥߣҾͺһ˱ 
ԿԶɽҲкܶݣ·ϣԺô졣 
˵ǲһˣȥǳ꣡ 
¾ԵЩԥ˵ǵİѱϣ𣿡 
ʮߣһȴڼɡһ£ʱǻڹ˹ 
¾Щį˵Ǹ磬ҶԲ㣬Һ㣡 
𵱳뿪龰Ҳܺڣҵ治ߣ 
ƺʹ˳¾ߵ£·ߵĳϣ˵ 
߹ȥôˣ˵𣿶Բ𡣡 
ûУҪߵģ 
ô˵ҵʱסǹⲻסġ 
ǵΪʲô 
ʸǳ¾ȴ˵ȥĶҪˣڻǺúԺɡ 
ԺĲˣʲôѱϣҺһȥΣ 
Ǹ磬ҲôҪֻƽٺú취ѾűԿ׵ĵطҪĶڱֻҪҾܡ 
˵ȥ͵ 
û취ֻôˡ 
̫Σˣ 
ΣգһΣջ𣿡 
ǰһ𾭹ΣգͰȥˣǸȥðգߣҪʲôⷢôһкеˣһҪúûȥҿĬĬظԼ 
֮󣬽Ӣ˵֯ҪʱǱýӴҪ㣬˭ҲҪ֯ϾԼǷǮǡ 
⻹ǵһ׽֪֯Ҫʲôˡʳ¾ߣ˵ҲǵһνӴ֯ǰһжӢָӵġ 
Ӣıһ֮ӭĿˡصĵĹͷӡ 
һʽţʿŰ֯ 
ʵϾǹڵķ𵹶߼Ϲķ𵹶ߡǺһķ𵹶ͬһ֯ģҲΥ£˽ 
ΪֹҺͳ¾߶֯жôӴ֯ﵽжˡ⣬ӢҲ˵ǿԿ϶ǣѾγһΪһĲҵӴʽԱ 
Һͳ¾߱Ӣƣͨߣµ̽·ˡҲǲӡǵǰļƻЩΪ֪߱ϿȥܵĹҳвƱĵطȻٴȥϴһաһ˹ɷͱ׳ȥΪ򡣶Ϳң⡣ 
ѡԭһΪϤйǻԵɺϡǲҲôӡ 
ʮǶôõʱҺͳ¾߱԰ȵعӡ 
ǾһҪݻа֯Ӣ˾ 
Խ֯˵ĺûᣬҺͳ¾ߴĻǲһȥ͵Ӣı䣬ȥռ֤ݣμӾۻ˵㵽֡ 
ǰ׽֯˻治٣дӱģдģжģصģϺӱģĴģҲҲԹģɱĴǣӢĶС 
ЩɫֵĵĹ߾һ𣬵Ϲڿʻ飡 
Ϊһһ 
ҰƬ㵽ˣȻǼĸᰡҺͨ˵绰˵յ֮һʵЩ˽һϼŻ㱨Ϲ̾һ׷ 
Ĺؼǳ¾ܷ͵Ӣıˡ 
ڽӢۻַ֮׷뿪ˡֻһвһ¡Ǹط֯ġӢϵķ֯ͷĿ֮һ 
ӢҺͳ¾߽ܸˡȻסڱǿҪסһʱ䡣 
ʳ¾ô˵ͿõԿס 
ӢҪ˵ȥ磬ֻҺͳ¾ڼ 
뿪ʱҺͳ¾߽Ӣķ䣬¾˳õԿסǴ˱չ 
ǣҺͳ¾߶ΪԾǣ˷һЩǮ޹ؽҪ֮⣬ʲôûУ 
 



ʮ 

       ˣֱˣ֪ǻҶԲŹ֪ҪǷʲôطô죿 ҪӢδ֪һҪװʲô鶼ûҪ򶨣 
һ֪ҽˣ 
Ҫ£ȰҪǷŻȥٰѷĶŻԭ 
õģ 
Һͳ¾߷ͷ¡ܿǾͰ鴦ˣȻ뿪Ӣķ䡣 
ǵҺͳ¾¥ʱӢͲˣǵļ£Ѿˣ 
ôҵʲôˣ 
ˣֻǰһ·䡣 
ߣ᣿Ϊʲô֪ɣⷿе绰װǸԸҵ飬Ƕ֪ˣ 
Ҵһû뵽һ֣ 
ǻʲô˵ӢһۣȻų¾ߡ 
¾Զԡ 
ð㣬Ұ⣬㣬̵㣬㾹Ȼң 
¾ڿ˵ñɵֶҲòĻȻٰѵĵĹߣֻң 
㣡Ӣôɳվָų¾ߺ˵ץ 
Һͳ¾һȭŵһһȭ׼ȥʱ򣬲ǹ˵𶯣ٶҾͿǹˣ 
Һͳ¾߶ץ 
Ҳ֪ҪǴҺͳ¾߱ţڳϡȻ˻𳵡 
ڻϣͼߡǱǷ֣ȻҴιȥˡ 
۵ʱԼѾһ 
Ǽεزסңʹûϣ˳ 
ǵطȻҲһĹҴûκˣǰҶˡһ 
·סԣŷһһǰšҲ֪Լãã 
һֱû̵ĵط죬ûгκζˮҲûһڡڿ˼ҷð̡ 
ǻûȵߵ˼ңҾѾֲ֧ס˵ϡ 
ٴ۾ʱһԺιҴӴߵſڣͲιˡ߹˵ˣӶ𣿡 
ҵͷ 
šԺһ䷿ӣһ˳һɡݸ˵԰ɡ 
Ҷ˹ɣʼ̻ʡһСģǺһڡ 
ǹվһԴЦţӣûԷƵġСıҭţ 
̧ͷ˵ûԶˣ 
úã԰ɣ 
˵꣬ȥιˡ 
Ұɳ֮ڸоࡣҷǳлңһᱨġ 
˵ָұ𣬲ǿ·ϹֿģⷽԲʮ˼ңܻҵǣҲ 
 
ǹΪ⣬˵ﶼ֪ 
˵ԼǴģ֪ĸʡ 
˵ຣһ͵ˡ 
ôˣǷˣȥҲҵ︡⣬һʱ䶼֪ȴļˣֱһźͿ 
ǹ 
˵õ¿ȥ 
Ҳ֪ҪȥҲȲˣôҵĻվ˵ҪʮȻ뿪ҡ 
ǹٺ׷˵Զأ߲ʱٵǿû˾㡣 
ллĺ⣬ѾҪȥˡ 
һֱվڸңԶˣվﳶɤӺһɵ 
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô˵һҪ뿪Ȼ˰æҹֻܰˡ 
ԶҪҵǺѡܱɵźá 
ʮ˵ԶǰǷɽԽ룬𵹶߹Զ· 
ǻ̵ĵط˴ԼһСʱͻȻֱɻ 
ֱɻѵϵĻҾõɻ˶Ҵ󺰣ͣ 
Ҳ֪˭վ￴ֱɻ䣬Ȼˡʶеһ֯˲ 
ҿæתǰܡ 
û˶ԶǹȻվ 
󺰣ҪˣҾʹ㣡 
ֻվ 
ұǴֱɻȻֻصӳǸĹ 
 
 




ڰʮ 

       س¾Ҳؽ˵Ρҿû£ġ ⼸ȥˡ 
˵ӢѺȥȻƭ˳ 
ʲôôˣ 
Ҳץסˣ 
⵽ô£һ˱ʲô֪ 
˵Ҫתһ˳ǳ˻ץס 
Һأǰ 
֪һ⸽ǰһġ 
⿴˿һ档ҪѾ̫ܡ 
֪ҲѾץסҵϣҲˡԺ˭֤ףϣҼĸĶûбǵõһжˡ 
ҹ٣Һͳ¾߱˵Ρ 
ҿĻȼŻѣվڻԣǳ׷̧ͷǡһһվڻǰˣӢ£ᰣ¡ᰵֱš紵Ż磬졣 
Һͳ¾߱󵽻ǰӢų¾˵ٸһλᡭԱߵóһǹɱˣҾ͵ʲô鶼û 
ҿ˳¾һۣ򶨡 
紵ĳϣ÷ 
ôɻǲɣӢһٴ߱ơ 
¾߲˵ӢȻƳ 
ᰱƵڵأ˫ϥڵϡ 
ҲƵڻԡ¾ߵ˫ֱ⿪ˡ 
ӢȥƺҪǹæֹӢҪܣó¾õǹ 
¾߰ǹҺǰɨͻȻ׼˽Ӣ 
¸æȥǹ¾ߴ˵ҪٶҾɱ 
˾֡Ӣȴ£¾ߵǹȥ˵ǹ 
¾߱Ƶˡ 
۶˰ 
˼£ǹû졣Ϊûӵ 
ֳ˵Цݡ 
ӢԳ¾˵ߣԼԼѾһλᣬɹֲˣǶɱˣ 
£ֱߵҺǰͳǹһ׼ȥץ¾ߡ 
¾תĹȥӢµǹ¾߿ǹ 
ǲûдС¾ӽ˹Ĺ 
ӢҲȥץˡ 
ȥһʱˣûǳ 
Ӣò˴ҺᰣҲ˹ĹֵͻѡǱȥ֮˳Ĺţ־˹ҵǸΡ 
ǹһ䣬ǰĹѾƲ֪ͨ 
᰿һۣƺҪ˵ʲôǱӢѺšǹں棬Һǰ档 
ĹܺڣӢͲֵǰ·ǸһŰһŵţԼĹʲô 
ֵһֿһۣ˼ͻȻƴǰܡҲͬʱҲǹ 
ܽһ֪ǺδĵطûйʲôҲ֪Ҳ֪¾ûбץס 
ҶǸ涼ʯڵĵطȴ 
ҽķ˹ߣȻǽŲԽԽҿ˲ 
߹ҶصǸطʱͻȻȥڵء 
ֵǹҲ˺ĽŲ 
Ҵֵһµĵض 
û뵽澹ȻһĿռ䡣ĹҡĹͬܺڣֵĹںڰԵʮ 
Ҹо붴ڲԶ˾æ㵽һսǴϨ˵Ͳǽ档˵ĽŲᣬǸŮˡ 
Ҳ˵ض 
һѣҽŹᰡ 
վ߳ȥ᰽һ˭ͳ졣 
˵ңǡŻգϳҡô 
Ǻܽģأ 
ҸɵһֻϧǸŮˡ 
ȥҳ¾ߡ 
ã 
Һᰴֵ磬˵ض֪˳ʱķˡҸоЩԣͶ˵ڳߣӦȥط 
߱˵Ѿûߣǵ·ĻӦߵģ 
ȻһҽоĶǡ 
Һ᰼æߣǴǸضġҺֻصض淢һ 
һξ룬ͿӢŻѣǹָų¾ߡ 
ҳȥеſ 
Ӣңǹ׼ҡ 
Ҫ¾ߵǹǰ 
ʱλúַһҽС 
˶һ 
˶վʱ 
ҽƺڸڣȥֻһ˻˻һһߵǼʯ 
ҿžֵ۾ǲţȾȡң 
Ӣʹı飬ǹ׼ 
Ҫﻹڿ 
ûãˡ 
ҿĹʣµĸˣҲʲô£׼ȥ鿴ʬ壬ȻһԴ󣬻ɢźɫĶһư棡 
Ǹ磬ܣ¾ߴһ䡣 
ǱƵģæܿ¾ߺҲ˹ 
һͷ˽ӢһۣȻվһƺҪǹֻһưѾ壡 
ҽĹصõսľ 
Ҳ֪ư᲻׷ͳ¾߻ǰܣֱĹⱼȥ 
ҵһ߳ĹڣǶȼšҲ˳ 
һͷȥ˵̫ˣҶƽ£ 
䣬ֻ¾ߵڵʱ򣬲֪һˣǹץסˣ 
ſҴе 
һǵãǽӢ֮һ 
Юų¾˵ߣǶˣȻըͿԻȥӹܽӢȫҲ֪̫ˣ 
ˣӢļҲûճ乫ģʲôҲòᰳŵض˵ 
ĳ죬ɱ㣡 
Ҫ¾ƴץס˵֣ 
ҼæȥҪǹˣ˿ٶ˰ˡ 
ǹЮֳ¾ߵˣѪ˳ 
Ҽæȥ¾ߣû°ɣ 
ҡҡͷ˵û£ 
ºˣ 
᰿Һͳ¾߸˵رһ𣬺Ȼó 
㡭Ҫץǣ 
ȻЦˣ˻ȥ˵߰ɣ 
Һͳ¾߶һۣ쳣 
ҿǰĹѨը˰ɣʲôֵĶ 
ûӦը 
ֱҵըҩǾըǸĹ 
԰ըҩźãȻߡվڻԣһδȼľͷȼߡ 
Ҽæֱܵϣ໥һҺȻƵ˵˭Ὺֱɻ 
䣬Ĺﴫһ޴ıըصڻߵҹС 
 



ڰʮһ 񱮻Ӱһ

       ԴԥһСӡ ϰնָΪ˵һ˵ҪľԴ˸ߵĸӣ΢һʼҡҡλΣﻹ˸֮⣬Ӽʲôũˡ 
Ȼǿ粻ϣڸصм䣬оȡ 
Һͳ¾ߴñÿ϶ˮ̫šҪȥľԴ塣 
һľȵչʡҪҰҲԳ䵱򹷰 
˸أͿ˴ڡ 
һˣڴ³߹ȥ¾߽е̫ţԴɣ 
ûݵ죬Щ˵ǰԴ塣Ǵģ 
ǰǴӱģ 
ģ̫ƺû 
ΰëϯסĵط¾ظһ飬ëϯ˳ 
̫һëϯ˷Ц˻ʱŷԭмź 
Ŷëϯð 
Ϊ̫ϾҪ¼ˣû뵽ȴɶû˵Ȼͣ 
ǽȥɣ¾߽ߡ 
˴ӣΧǽ˶ǰԷԱ߻мֻڴ߹ȥûʲôˡ 
緹ʱ䣬ƶڼԷءҲ˼ҵķӡҺͳ¾ڴͷɾʯͷˮ¾óһЩҳԡ 
Լ˰ӣ˴ˣŸСӣġ 
һɩӣһкһŮҲСӡкǹ 
Ӽİ˶ߣĿȲšŮ˰Сӷŵ¾߲Զ 
Һͳ¾˵ǲǱ˰ɣ 
¾ߴӦţǰɩǴӱģ 
Сɽɶÿģ㿴ԶҲֵ 
Ǻǣɩʵ˵ɡǿŶģ˵﷢˹Ĺ 
ԭҹĹ˼صĺܶ϶ҵľͱˣǿǣʬǶû£ 
ӴǸ⻹йĹ 
۴ʲôʮ˴ģжŰͲ֪ˣҿǻҴ峤̸̸ȥҪûͷ˭ٵصȥ 
ʴ峤סļҰ 
ǲǣղŻſڳԷأ 
ԭǴͷǼңǸղžͿǰԷţǴ峤 
лл㰡ɩҶ˶ӣлֱҴ峤ȥˡ 
峤иԺӣػܸߣһźӡ 
ԺˣһŮˣǴ峤ϱ 
ɶ°Ů˴Ŵ컨ӣվڷǡ 
еҴ峤̸̸ڼ𣿡¾ȥ˵ 
أǡɣ 
Ů˰ýݣҲûɶдλģ·˺ȿˮɡȥŮ˶ˮǰķӡ 
һһʮ˾ͳˣӵԣֻǽƺ˵⡣ 
ɶ°˵ 
˵Ĺ˵£ֵ÷ꡣˣ 
ǣ 
ŶǿŶģרĻŲ 
ĹҲ 
ҪʲôĹˣǴĹĹǾмֵģҪԱģڣ 
ŶûʲôĹطˣ 
⣬ôܣ˵ľԴ尡 
ûУ˵ûоûУҪû£ҾͲˣ 
ǳ˴峤ҵţоǲˡҪˡ 
¾ƺеҵ˼˵˭˵ԼǿŶӵģҪ˵˼Լ붯أ 
˭ԼԼҵذ 
˭˵Լҵģڱ˼ҵĲ𣿡 
˵Ҳе 
ԴӰ˽Ӣ֮Һͳ¾ֻ˱ƾǰĻ°뱲ȫԲóˡҪ¾ߺҽ飬ϲ⡣ǲǻɶ£ǲ˵˵Ҫϲαȫй 
ҪαȫйǾΰɣʱ޲ȥҲüֳɵġ 
Һƺϲ˵ĹһУǿʼΣʲô£աⲻǰߵɽʱ˵иԴĴӣһ񱮣ܿϵ磬ܿ·ʲôġ 
Һͳ¾߶鶼ܸȤİͻȻܵ˼Ҵȥ⵽ɣװɿŶӵģԴĴӡ 
û뵽峤Ȼˡǲ˵Ϊİʵֻ뿴ʶһ¡ 
ߵ˴ڣǸ̫ŻǳԶͽеˣûУ 
仰ɰҺͳ¾߶һզ֪񱮵أû 
̫ţ㡭զ֪񱮵أ¾ɻʵ 
񱮣Сʲô 
ӴϿأҲò 
̫ŴӴվ뵱꣬ҿλӵĲıˣɶҰá 
ǿ̫ǵ߽˴⿴ıӰ;һֲ׵Ϣ 
 



ڰʮ 񱮻Ӱ

       峤Ȼ˵ûʲôÿģΪģܾôֻȥ Ǿȥصؿ 
ԴʵеĻǹĹƣȫ廮һ鹫ĵطΪרŵĹء 
Һͳ¾ڴΧңҵ˴ĹĹдԼϰٸͷЩƺڹˣֱͷϻ 
Ĺɽ£ɽвĹǰﲢǹõĹأڴҶѡɷصأضˣͱרŵĹĹ 
ĹԽԽãӦȰѡΪ֮صˡ 
ķˮǰƿԶɽɽӣе㡰Я˼ 
ǸõطֲôҪĹѡˡ 
߹һһѵķĹָоҪõȻĹǽöˣҲںʲôɻ䣬վôĹﵹͷһΡеֵֹĸо 
ңû񱮣һǰ¾ߴ˵ 
֪Ұɣ 
һһֱҵɽˣҲûҵνģܿɵı 
ҴһͷϿȥ˴峤żվĹǰҺͳ¾˳Ĺأʹ峤ˡ 
˭㴳ģ 
ֻ㿴¾߽˵ 
㿴ҲУĹأֲǶ԰ɶÿģ 
ǱƬĹأȻڼͷľļ¡ 
ʲô񱮣ҿϹģ¾û񱮣﷢ɧ 
߰ɣҲûʲôÿİɣ 
߰ɣ 
¾ڿˡҪ񱮵ģͷ治ס 
Ǹ߹һ¸ǵķǰиС㣬Ҫô 
Һͳ¾߶һۣתȥǸСӣǲǰĴɩĺӡ 
ҶȥСԴ˵ǰܸ𣿡 
ڿҪʱܿõкöˣ 
Ŷ㿴𣿡¾Ҳʡ 
˭֪СһۣȻתܿˡ 
ôˣ̫ϲƵġ 
Ҳɡʱܿõ 
ʱɣ 
 




ڰʮ 񱮻Ӱ

       ˺ü죬ҲҪӡ ¾߶ȵЩͷˣ˵ô뿴𣬲ʲôÿģʵ˵ֻҪĵȴꡣҲ뿴νʲôӵġ 
ѵɣ¾߷ҡ 
Сʱɽϻţ 
Ǻǣʲôʱѧᴵţôû 
˲¶࣡ 
˵ʲôӣ 
Ҳȣֻ֡еĺ㵹࣡ 
˭˵¾׷Ҫҡ 
ұܱ˵ţ 
ҽĲ㣡¾׷Ҫҡ 
صסûãһף졣 
̫Ҫ꿩¾СƵģܳȥס 
˵ܿüɵ 
簡ɵأ 
ǼȥԴˣǲ 
ǻ˵ 
׼ɡȥ 
Сʱ֮ưôꡣҺͳ¾ðŴ꣬Ţ·Դϡ 
Ҳ֪Ϊɶô꣬ȫʪˣҷų¾߱߱˵ 
ôˣȻȥ 
ôܶһˡ˵ˣ㿴ǰĸأԴˣ 
ͬ־ǣӰѾǰʤ¾ߵºܸߡ 
ҺԴĴͷΪ˲ô峤ûдӴȥŴС·ߵĹء 
Ĺڴϴˢ£Щɵģ˽ȥһѶѸʵѣͻȻЩ䡣 
ų¾˵𣿡 
ҵĻһ˵꣬¾Цǰ죬һӲֹͣЦôǰզû˵أ 
Ҳ£ֻе䡣 
˵¡뿴 
밡ˣ˵ʲôҲÿһۣĿ 
죬˵ö಻ 
һ죺ô򣡡 
߽ĹѰν񱮡˵ܹӰӣ֪ʲôӡ 
һһбĹûзʲôӰ񱮡 
ҿ˵Ǽٵģ㿴˵ʲôţô˲ǣҿʼԹ 
ûоû˲ˣ 
¾תҪߣҲ˳ȥߵĹسڵʱ򣬿һ£ŶҵˡһǴ峤ôˣ 
ûƢ֪ûҵ͸˵ҪϲܿأֻǲŶ 
ʲôµģʬ»𣿡¾߲м˵ 
峤ƺסˣһսһ 
Ǻǣ˵棬峤棬ʲôʬﵽ 
峤˵ˣתƨƨߵˡ 
㻹˵㻹Ǻһ 
˭Ǵ˫أ 
ȥ˭أ 
ǽʲô 
ͷ 
 
ҹװйų¾ߡһҲ¡֪öˣȻϰˣϰҲûʲôµˡ 
 




ڰʮ 񱮻Ӱģ

       ǾȻ峤ˣҲûʲôõĵˡ Һͳ¾ߴɡ뵽Դȥһܣ˳Ҹ˼ҽһǮûʲô⡣͵סùݡ 
黹еɣǽǷӵˣڴº̫š 
̫ſӡ⡣ 
̫Ǹ̫ţҹҹ˵ϾͲҪȥˣû˵ 
¾˵Ŀľ뿴񱮵ʲôӡǸղȥʱ򣬴峤˵Ҫϲܿõô 
̫ʲôҲû˵е㲻Ծ 
ȵˣҺͳ¾ߴɡҪšҿ̫վſڣƺҪ˵ʲôʼû˵ڡ 
ҹĹرеɭҺͳ¾ߴֵ磬Ĺš 
ⱾɵеҪ¡ĹȺﴩ󡣿ڽ£û 
¾ߺһ飬ץҲţȤһ˵ôˣ 
˭˵£ֻ» 
ߣϣһ£ 
תȥʱһתʱŹ 
һսҵ֡ұˡַ 
ǣң 
ְɣҵֶ챻ˣ 
ô𣿡 
Լ 
Ͽ񱮰ɣɲʲôĵط 
ãң 
ϸÿһĹȻһĹǰƺʲôӰֵȷһ£ĸ 
ҽг¾߹ȥ˵һ顣 
ߵǿ鱮ǰӰӣŮ棬̬ 
ȥԭôӣʲôϣġܾǱʯʲͬ˲ͬˮ֣ǡγ֪ĸµ˿ˣóȥ˵һʮʮ٣Ƕʱ򣬾ͱʯϿˣ 
ô࣬Ϊľ 
ҴΪʧ¾ƺҲʧ˭˵񱮵ģԼǵˡ 
Ȼʯʲͬڱγɵĺۼôô쿴ϲܿüأҿ˿Ǳķλñ鱮סˣû˭Ҫģⲻ 
Ǵ峤ԣǵġ 
 
˭ԼоĹж¾ֵһ£ʲôҲûУΪЦɲð 
˭㽲ЦأŲˡ 
İɡ 
ҲǴ峤ƭùǱܣȻ󿴼񱮲ˣǶôʧͺڣ 
ҪҰƭ㣬һڿ͵֡ 
˳㿴˭ıô˳ҪȻԴصһ£ҸоһȵĶֵҲ˵ϡ 
ҵĹϣմࡣͬʱ¾߱Ųӣڵϡһ£ȴˡ 
ҽǲ飬飬ĹɱģץҰǺǣץҰס¾ߵ˵ˣҾͰˣ 
¾ڵϲˣҵűƣѪ˳ȾƬĹ 
ҵ˫ֻܶ˺ܴŬŽһӡʹõɽƪصŶݼ֮һԻ֪Ĺŵ˭ҪĻһˣ 
Ҹоһɹذѹ 
վָͻȻϮǵ˵ӣǿˣɱúİҪ㳥 
µ֣ŵûսһƨ̯ڵأѪңȻˣ 
ű˵֣ҡҡ¾ߣ˼ˡԭղֻǻ˹ȥ 
ҷ¾ߣֵͲͷѪһ˵û°ɣ 
û£û£ 
ôˣ 
û¡ 
¾ֵձˣǴ峤 
ð̫żҡ 
ˡ̫֤ۿ峤ɱ˴ĪСεĹһЩֵ˹ڳʬ壬Ѿòˡ 
Һͳ¾ߣˣ⵽вΪ˾ˣȫ峤ҲΡ 
Һͳ¾߻صסҵͷѾɴû˵ͷд󰭵ġ 
¾Ϊʲô״Ρ˵Դˣ漴ȤԺ²£Ҳҵķضȥ 
ǣԼĶ˵ǣԺ󲻸ˣûıҺ° 
ûˣǹǣҲԼ 
 



ڰʮ ҹһ

       Ѿ˺ݾڡ׻˵ãպ ݵľɫȻټ 
ںݵɽɽˮˮ֮䣬ȤȻҲעԼϱС 
ǼסһµºѾ٣רнӴŮ׿͵ùݡסùĺģ̾һܡ 
סһʱ䣬ɽϵķ羰ҲòˣҺͳ¾׼ɽ 
˷ǮʰöǾʹˡ 
¾ߺȻȥνһ㡣һӵιһֻСɴҳţλȥ¾ڴϣѽŷˮ 
˵Сһ㣬ȥû˹㡣 
˭ԼӾԼȥҿɲ㣡 
Ҫҵȥˣǻˣ׻˵Ӣ۾ҵȥȣóɾŮӢ۵ǧ˵ʷأ 
㣡 
¾߱ҶˣĵЦšһԼص˴С 
˵ôˣ 
Ұ治棬ܲţ 
ȥˣҽǽѵһ㲻ɣ˵žʹȥ 
ʲô¾߰ƿСҰˮȥ 
ӴԼ 
ˣ 
¾߿ڴձ߲˵ˡҾһ˵ġȥ 
ѽҰһɡ˳£Ͳܺúһ£۵ĸо 
ɶо 
ָо¾һ°ƵҵԴײ¡ 
֪ɶо˲¾ҡ 
ԴΣ 
ˣεĸоĺΡ 
ǾͿɣ 
ҽдҰѴͣȻ˰ 
źӰߣ·裬˵ĸطֹҹˡҵĺġ߹ȥǴ 
λ˵ʲôطֹλ迴һۡ 
Ǵİɣ 
ǰ˵ݵķ羰ãԹ 
ݵķ羰ȷã 
ǰǸղ˵ֹ 
İ尡 
Һͳ¾߶е㾪ȡǸմ³Ҫ뿴ֻˡ 
ҿɲ 
ã߻ȥ 
Һͳ¾źӰߣߵÿ¾ֲ߰ϣںڵš 
˵ܲܿ㣿ʲôʱܵ£ 
߲ˡ 
߲Ҳߣ˭˵ģ 
۲ȥ˻𣿡 
УһҪȥʲôȻôշ 
¾ߴ̾һҪȥȥɣʵ߲ˣˣ 
Ȼﲻߡֻܹȥ˵ʲôҲϸ̧ˡֻñߡ 
ôԶҵҲĵòˣڱϱ˼ʮصţƶӶЩѡ 
¾߻Źңұ֣죬찡ܣ 
Ҵ˵ҪȥҲˣ 
УУߣ¾§ҵĲӸˡ 
ֻһһǰߣͻȻñϱⲻһˣɽƵġּ˺óһʱ䣬û뵽ŵһͳ¾һˤڵء 
Ӵˣ¾ߴӵ˵ 
ҲվϵĻҡ 
㿴ˤˣ 
ӴҵڣԼˤˣв 
УҾҪ֣Ҫ֣ 
УְɣˣͷҲصسǰߡ 
¾׷ô𣡡 
ҷӿ˲ӣǸ磡 
¾קסҵ·˵Ժֲ 
ˡ 
˵һ顣 
Ҳˣ 
˵飡 
ҲҲҲ֣ 
һ鰡 
飡 
¾߳ҵ·ţֻ˵úã飡 
ǰһѾˡ 
ɽҵɽϵùݣϰôֻˡ 
˵סˣסطסߡϰЦ˵úãǰסķ仹ûססǼɡ 
ס˻ȥϰ°ôߡһ°壬ȥʲô˵ 
˵Ǿȥܸôȥ 
ϰ˵ɽߣܵˣԶġ 
Һͳ¾߷ɽȲȥ°塣 
ӵһξ룬һšǹţͿɽһʯд°֡ 
ǵˡ 
ǰߣͿ˼ңһһ˵ֹ£ŵòҿˡֻһ̫̫ƺʲô¡ 
ʲôû¹ô˼ź˵ǵ˺ҹͲڿ޵ 
ڿޣɻѵؿˡ 
ɲô޵ĽҾȥ 
ȥô˵֪ʲô 
֪վ˺ð죬ûˡ 
ûˣ˵ǱߣǲǸղ߹Ǹ빰ţ 
ɲôҪǲţҹȥ֪ˡ 
ˣлл㣬š 
л治˰Ҳϲߡ뿪ﻹ˵ʲô 
¾߿ңʵҹҪ 
ǰôˣ 
ҿɲ 
¹ 
йҿƭ˵ġ 
ȥô֪ 
Ҫȥҿɲ 
㡣 
Һͳ¾߻ص¡˷ϴ˯ȵ˹ʮ㣬Ҿʹ·˴¾˯죬ûг 
ҳӣߵǰŻûأľţɽߡ 
ɽӵķȥŰ·ܿ͵СԡߵϣʲôҲûС 
ûʲô¹⣬ҹʱ򣬳ϻģΧǺڵġ֪վ˶ãȻ䡣 
Ұ໥һˡȻҲص 
ϸһȻڿ޵ʱʱͣѵй 
Ҽæһټķӡ﻽̫ϾħԭΣ 
ΧʲôҲûСȴͣˡ 
¿˿׼š 
ʱһҽʲô£ 
 




ڰʮ ҹ

       תͷȥȴʲôҲ ǰߣºȻʲôһ¡ 
˭վˣȻʡ 
ûлش׼¡Ҳûʲô赲 
ڶ죬¾𴲣ϼû 
˵ˣǻ 
һЦ֪ҳ˿ǳ˷һȥȻϰͼ˵ʲô 
ôأϰ岻ʡ 
ӷк֮¡˼ŵ£Ǳȥģ 
һپëֱæܳȥʸ 
ԭ˴Ӱ߹һ˫ЬӣһͿһ·ˮϣæ̣һʬ塣ʶ˵Ǵ̫̫ƽͦõģôͻȻˣ 
Ҵ֪ôˣæܻط䣬¾ɶ¡ 
˵ˣҪȥ·ֱӳš¾Ҳ 
ʬѾϸһײڰԱߡ 
Χ˲ڿաҴȺмȥȥǸʬ塣 
ʲôһסҡ 
˵ͬ־뿴ʬв 
ʲôÿģ 
ʱԱ˵˵Ǽݰһͬˡ 
߳˶ѣڰײԱߣҿ˸İײ 
ⲻǡʹǸ̫𣡣¾ϳˡ 
һʵʶ 
ҵľỳǣ鷳ˣ˵ʶֻʹ·ûȥֻ˵ˣ߰ɣֲǼ 
˵ǹһˣֲùôûԭڵʬ塣Ҫȥˡ 
ˡϵ龰ҾһΡ 
ܿ͵ϣ¾ˡ 
Ҫȥ˵Ҫȥ°ſ 
йѾˣ 
֪ƾӡеΣ 
ȵȣҺһȥ 
㲻ҪȥˣһΣô죿 
һûΣգҪһȥ 
ֲ¾ߣֻһɽ 
ûԶ͵°š쵽ʮˣʼ֣¹ġ¹°ϣˮγɵӰγһպ͵ԲֲҪ°ˣ 
ţվϳԶȥ°ŴһĺߣŰѺֳΣǰһ壬ǺһεĺüźĲγһСˮء°ֵ 
վûãصĿ 
ҿ¾ߣʵ𣿡 
¾ߵͷ 
һʹлµԹƽϢҡ 
ҽӡƺûʲô 
վﾲ䣬һ¾ߺȻ˵㣬ˣ 
תͷų¾ߣվ͡ҽһߡ 
ûӦһ 
ʲô¾˵ 
ǹˣ 
һؿ˵㲻Ҫٺˣ 
Һ˹ʲô£ 
ҪٺˣҾŹ㣡 
ߺߣƾ㣬ҿܾ˭ 
ֻ¾űȥƺҪҸæܹȥסһǰק 
ҶԳ¾ϵĹ˵ 
±סšؼʱ̣ұֻȥ¾߾ˡ 
˵ǳ٣ǿ죬ɿ¾ߣȻѸٽһӡӡ˳¾߱ 
¾ϵȥ 
һڿ˵ҲŹģ 
Ҽæס¾ߣ۾˵ôˣ 
ҰѸղŵθ˵һ顣ָѡ 
 




ڰʮ ҹ

       Ҿһ£顣 ĺ֪Ҫ£ǳϣṩ˺ܶ෽㡣 
ͬԴطơ 
Ұ׼õĶõϣں㰸ȼ㣬Ȼ˼ŻƷľʼ 
귨֮ţվڲ濴¡һˣײʯϣеŶϵ˼ 
ʰµĶһ¡ 
һ죬Ҳû˵ҹйе顣 
˸뿪¡ 
Һͳ¾ɽߡߵɽʯʱȻ·Էɳһֻө棬ǰơһָϸֻөǲߡ 
ôө棬㿴Ĺ֣¾ָǲȥө˵ 
ǰҲ֡ 
Ҫɽߣֻɫâөţڿдһԩ֡ 
Һͳ¾߶һөôд֣һʲôΡ 
ֻө߷ɹɽϷȥ 
ǸȥҸֻөɽ¾Ҳ 
ֻөһֱɽȥҸҵһɽ 
ڲ˿һ֦Ѷڵ֩ɨȻ˶ 
һпյĴ󶴣˶й 
ֻө棬Ѿˡ 
¾ߴӶڽˣվô£өأ 
ˣөɵͲˣһش 
ܿ˿ȻָŽһ˵ 
ҸߵֻөԱߣֻĹѾ΢ˣͣʯϣһһġ 
ţֻөַǸһߣƹ浲ŵĴʯͷ˺󶴡 
һڿݾөͶ뾮вˡ 
Һͳ¾߿ǿڿݾ񣬡ô죿өûˡ 
ղөǰдһԹ֣һʲôԩͲˣѵ˵⾮ʲô 
㲻ǻл֮ôΪʲôԣ¾˾һ˵ 
һϴ 
¾߿ңһ˵ھԶһ㣬㱻ڣʲôΣյġ㣬԰ɣ 
Ǻðɡվǿʯͷȥ 
¾߰˵ģվʯͷȥˡ漴ʹлʩֻһӾܳһ 
ܿ˿ûš 
ʱʯͷĳ¾ߣվﳯûˣɣ 
˼Ҳûʯͷȥߣ𣿾ߡ 
ʯͷȥһ˫ͻȻסҵĲӡ 
һǳ¾ߣݿֲ˫ҡҴߣ֣¾ߡ 
ûãң󲻰Ͳġ 
֪һǹˣұÿҪˡڵϵץţϣץʲôǣʲôҲûץ 
ҿҪʱ򣬶Ȼһӷ𣡡 
¾һ֡ 
ҴˣȻҿˡ 
վù⣬˵˵ģµĴС 
ǰֱţӷк֮¡ʦ֣ɣ 
ʦ֣ 
Ʋ֮ʱֻӳ¾˷һ˵ʦܣúİ 
Ǹֽһӷ𣬽˵ʦ֣Ҳԣ㣬Ѿôˣԭ𣿡 
ߣԭ㣬ɱ㣬ԭҰɣ 
¾߳ǸȥǺҲ㣬ֻվȳ¾Ĳӡ 
¾ǸвţҴӵվæȥ 
ſңɱ¾е 
һֻ֣Ǹдվ˵ɱҰɣӦã 
Ҫɱ㣡Ǹ 
۾Ѿףǿ첻ˡ 
Ҽæʹ֮ӡڳ¾ϡ 
ֻ¾ɿ֡ 
Ǹеڵϣһ 
ҷסεĳ¾ߣ֪ûˡֹȥ˿ǸУҲ˹ 
Ұڵϣֹȥѳ¾߷û¡ʲôǵƵģôڵϡ 
Ұľ¸˵һ£ͷ 
ҿǸУȻᡣ 
˵ʦôˣʲô벻𣿡 
ǺһĨһ˵ҶԲʦ֣Һ 
ô¡ 
˵ǰʦ׼ڵҼ̳ˣµһס֡ʦʦ֡ʮּʣͲʦֵΪʱڽҪʦֵס֣кӹġ˸ѻʦƭɽˣȻӽ˿ݾ 
Ǻ˵꿪ʼ޸ͣҴûһ˿޳ġĺģܺڡ 
Ȱ˵ȻȥôˣҲû֪뿪һɡ 
Ǻֿ˺ܾòֹͣҺͳ¾׼߳ǸɽȻ뿪¡ʱѾˡ 
Һͳ¾߸ߵڣȻһҽСǸײڴʯͷϣԽѶǰ˵һ仰ʦ֣ԭҰɣ 
 




ھʮһ аһ

       ж˳ɽǡ Һͳ¾סɽǵһССŪεֻɽˮһɲܣŶгҲûȥ 
Ҳˡ 
סŪ˶࣬ȡھ֮û»ԶമšǺǣŪóֵء 
Һͳ¾סķӲҶסˡ¥סһСӣ̫˵ǸմѧУҵѧ 
¾߸ÿȻҲܰ׳ԣ˵ͷϡ 
סһˣоҪǿܣԺ볤ס 
ǳ극Ϣһȥߡ 
ҴӷСӡгϹһƤ 
һֱ߳˲ӣڡ 
Һͳ¾ڽһʱ䣬Ǻ«ˡ¾СƵҪԱǺ«Ҹһ֧ 
űǺ«ȴԡֻţѾ㹻ˡ 
ߵ˳ʯ¡¾·𿴲һ󣬺ȻҪұ 
Ҹæʯףվڼʯ˵ð׷Ҿͱ㣡 
Ҳ׷㣡 
 
ҵĻ֮ƣԼߡ 
ԼʼоУԽԽóұʯ׵Ĳߡ 
¾ںغȵңȵң 
վڱߺܶĵط˵찡Ҳˣ㣡 
¾ֹ㾢ϳһΣ߼㣬֮ʼձŲ࣬׷ңɽҲԽԽˡ 
ߵɽʱҿһźһСӣǸŵָ׺ܳȾɫСһԲ 
ΪҲɽˣЪϢȥ˵ 
Ϊʲôأ 
ҵĻתһۣȴûڡֶС˵Сѣﰡǲ߲ˣ 
ǸСЦЦҲ˵ 
ʱ¾׷ˣܡ 
ҺһСһ𣬾߹ѱǺ« 
СӹǺ«ſ˿Ǹ˻û˵ 
Һͳ¾뿪һһС¾˵ֵͦģôһԲ 
Ҳư͡ 
һɽվɽ¿Կɽǡʯףһİٶ㡣ȥʱҵϥǶˡ 
һ֮УѵõĺҺͳ¾һֱ浽Żصס 
һˮţо¶ƣ롣ɵڶѾоˡ 
Һͳ¾ס﴿£춼ңڡ 
ΧҲƽǺһȿռ䣬Կˣ˲һܿǡǵ£ȴʲôҲûУΨһ¾ǿǵ¡ 
ֱһ죬¥ϵĿշˡ 
һһ٣ǰʱ򣬳¾˺СסķߣҺͳ¾Ƕһۡ 
һһɽ 
 




ھʮ а񣨶

       һһ֮¥һסĻ˼ңѾסˡǺߵˣһ߼ˣסһС¥ ⴱС¥һ¥Ŵľͷģе񻨣͸ӿԿ濴棬ԵѶˡ 
һô 
ԺӵСֶһһԱ߿ӵСԱ߿СҪҪһС˵ͷǿʼ 
ֵʼԱ߿СˣʯͷӵˣԼȴվ档СڽСվڷ棬һҲûСͿʼЦӶ 
һӵĺӵţҲָ׺ܳǸˣˡվ￴ЦŵССӱˡŲӽݣǵĴǰһֱǸСһԵ¥ݡ 
ڷ￴飬ȻԺں 
֪ԺпˮǸСӵҸæ飬ܵԺȥֻǸС˫¶棬šܵһСѾھˣҪǾŽţСȥˡˮ֪ж 
ұסӵĽţһСӾͿʼĸĸæô£˵СɰѺӵһæںûУôܵˡ 
Ӳ˵һ£ֵɵӣȥ˭ܾȵ㣿Ժ׼ٵ棡 
ӱ˴ˡʱ迴һۣźӾˡ 
ҳϿ˿оڿҡ 
ҳ˺Ժ¥Ǹվ 
صӣ¾ô¡ 
ǸСһСģ 
¾һƺһæҾûСҵȻ˵ˣСļҳмҡҲΪӵھﻹйء 
¾ߵһ仰ңôߣôܵȥءҲǺȥģ˵Ҫȥʲô𣿿߶ûʲôڽţôȥģĸ߶ȣߡҲ̫ˣǡñס˽ţ 
ȥҾһ˹Ѻȥġ 
Ǿ˭أĿĴŻŻӣĸĸ 
ǸھϵĺӾӵ֮һҲǸ̫̫ӳԡǻվ¥Ͽôһˡ 
ûãС˳ͷϰɴվҵĴ⡣һӵĺӡ 
Ҳδ̫ˡСȺ󶼳£ֻһ΢һ㣬һֻһ 
Ǹδ̫ˣֻСӼϷȻ뺦Ȼ̫̫̫ɵģһǰ˼ͷϡ 
ҲʼǸĶԵʰɡ 
 




ھʮ а

       ԺҼǸ̫Ŷ߾裬۹ȥ ԹҺͳ¾Ͽӣšȥţ¥ϵСӡҼ 
𣿡ҿվڷǰ۾Сӡ 
ûʲô£㽴͡ҵˡ 
õģšܳƿ͸ 
СЦ˵һҡȻ¥ 
¾˭˵¥ϵģ轴͡ 
һ죬Сˡƿͣƺе᲻÷֡￴һ£˵ˣ¥ 
˯ҹʱҺȻѡξƺڼС 
ʲôҿ˵һԭֻè 
èؽһˡ 
˱ˮȣ¾ˣôˡ˵һجΡ 
ڴͷ˵һ˰ɣ㲻ҪЩϣŹֵ£㲻֪˰ɣ 
ǰϣŹֵ黹ܾκܲԾɴǰˣ 
ߣһûסˡðסϰҲ÷ 
˼סˣطͲȥˣ 
˭˵ˣҿɲܱ㣬ûϱ֮ǰ飡 
ˣ㿴㲻Ǻ˯һŴ𣿡 
˯һŴզˣʲô¶û 
ǣ˵ģǰһڣ 
ʲôʱôǵˣ 
˯ŵʱ򰡣 
ѽ˵˲׼ַҵģ㡭㾹ȻΥԼ 
ߺߣǰһڣҽϳ˯ˣҾ͡ 
ң 
ҸҲңھˣ 
 
Һͳ¾ڴţñӹ壬һҲҿͷ󺹣ڴϴ 
ҿŹʵʵĳ¾ߣģȲȰ 
ȣ¾ߴӱ﷢һ 
ɣ˯ˣ 
ҸҪȥصƣͿһӰ 
˭ҽһܵȥѾûӰ 
¾ߴӱ˳תȥϽְѱӹˡ 
ҹ˸Ƿ˵ƣڴ˯ˡ 
ڶϸűӡȻ˷䣬 
¾Ѿ˷һ£㰡סһڡ 
¾߰ѷʢ˳ҵӣҵһ˵ÿӣȻݸһ˫¿ӡ 
ҸճһڣʹӴ￴¥ϵСӣŰгˡ 
ôˣó԰ȫԿ¾߿ͣв 
óԣóԡҪԹ⣡˵꣬ͳԵһûɢΡ¾߿ңҸϽװЦ˵óԣȻǿȥ 
̫ã̲סгȥתת;һˣȥܶУԵĹһҲš̸úͶһȲ裬Ծƣһ˷ѾŵˡҲظϡ 
³¾߽һҪңû˵һ˳ȥˡôŻ 
ҴխмҵĵƻţĶ˵ˡ˯ˡӦʮˡ 
ߵԼԺǰʱҼæȥֻ¾߱š˼ҽ֡¾šһҽ轴͵ģ¥ϵСӡҳȥ 
ˡ 
ܵ¾ûСֱңҲ֡һȻЦˡ 
֪û¡æᣬô£ôġ˵Լһ˾ţ˵ϴν˽ͣûллġ¾߾ݣ˭ȻǸαӡ 
ܵǵĽͣҾ˵ζզԣԭһƿף 
Ұƿ˳ȥ 
 




ھʮ аģ

       ¾˵ˡطѾס̫ãûʲô˼ˡ 𣬲һ£ðɡ 
һ»ðǻкܶطûȥأϽ߰ɡ 
˵ðɣʰ˵߾ߡ 
Ȼ˵ҪߣƱʰȵȣһʱ߲ˡСǻסһ 
ҰһЩûôĶʰã׼ˡҴţ˲ٶȥһֱûע⣬֪¥һһʲôʱվ¥ݿڣˡҿǵʱ˷Сļתˡ 
̫ˡطҲе֣ǵﲻԣȴ˵һָоɡ 
ҰѲҪĶ֮󣬻ص¾Ѿʰãװˡ 
ϣۡܳ棬˵һҲۡϣߡ 
ǰѶʰˣƱҲˡһͿߡ 
Һͳ¾ڷǰһ͡ 
˯ҹʱ򣬺ȻšҺͳ¾߶ˡ 
˭ڴһ 
ûлش 
Ҵ·˴ߵǰŴˡ 
¥ǸСվǰץöѪۣǰһƬѪһиıڳˣ 
Ŵ۾ҡһѪſˣ 
¾ߴ·ߵſڣȥСӣ˳ 
˭ɵģ 
Һͳ¾߲鿴СϵץۣǳʲôܼĶһһεġ¥ϵǸ̫̫УһҪ¥ȥ 
¾߽ҲҪȥˡ˵ˣҲѲ˹ϵһȥ˭ɵġ 
һڵϲ鿴Сӵʬ壬Ȼ¥Сӵĺ 
Ҽæվ¥ϳȥ¥ݣ˶¥ͿھӼҵСӱ¥ݿϣһһ϶Ѫ 
¾ҲסһӣǰǷӵСŲӣ档ŽŸպܹ˨ڲϵӣȥ⡣ 
Сԭŵ۾ȻˣſƺҪҧҡұͻȻһţһɣµȥһ²Ҫײ¾ߣźӵĽţһײһ׹˫˫˰ۡ 
ҡʲô 
¾߿ȥӣ֪롣վͷǺ⵽˭ɵģ 
¾ߣסһһСķȥ 
ţû˿ 
ܲôˣײţײ£žͿˣ 
һȥͿӵ豻ϣͱţ˵䣬ҲûзһһС 
¾߹ȥȺӵ裬Ů˵۾¾ÿĲҿѪӵ죬ʲôҲ˵ͷˣ 
ɶ˭ɵģ 
ҺȻһèĽһֻһһվھߡһֻèȥ˺ܽŵӣźӡ 
 
è˼Χžشת 
ҸȥʱèѾˡҿ˵ָѪۡ 
㡭㣡ָ˵ 
˿˿Լָףžֵ۾Ȼ 
ڽУȫȫèĽ 
 
ֻèֳˣҿ۾ɢөɫĹ⡣Ҫ 
Ȼһ֮ȻԾû뵽èȻܴƽôߣһֱ߹ҵͷֱץҵš 
ǰֱץһѪӣҿϵ˺ۣȻ¥Сϵץۡ 
ֽǺèҲŽС 
 
ֻèèｻ̸໥ʾ 
û뵽ǣǸ˾Ȼһֻèģ 
תȥͿ˱һֻèֻè໥ҧھң 
ҿ˿վھߵĺӣܣ 
ֻèƴؼţƴ 
źܵ¥ݿڣϳ¾һܡ 
ǳԺţڰĹ£Ū˽ֵֵһҲûС 
ܵһʮ·ڣ֪ıߣǺͻȻ˵ˣǵаŹǵġֻܾǣ 
Һͳ¾໥һۣǺ 
ǴһˮﵽɢŶ¾̲סŻ˳Ǻӿһۣû˵ 
ˮţܺڣǰƺܿߡ 
ܾǰǳڣ˺þþ߲ 
ҽǺӵȵǣһֱǰߣʲôҲû 
 
ˮҲèǺͻȻͣ˵аˣǿܣ 
Һͳ¾ǰһΣǺȴվﲻѾǺˡ 
ôߣ¾߳ǺӺ 
ͬʱèѾˡ 
 
Ѿֻè۾ɢĹâˡ 
߰ɣų¾߼ǰܡ 
ǳˮǰȥĹƺǿˡ 
ȻһèУȥһӵĽһèභĲҽУǽ˺ѷΣصڵˮëȻ 
¾ҪͷȥҸæֹҪ 
ûлͷһֱǰܣǿǿ⡣ 
ڣҿա 
ܳˮ 
һϾȥˡ 
 




ھʮ а壩

       Ǵˮӳ֮Ѿˡ һͷһۣˮˡ 
Һͳ¾߶𾪵ؿŶԷֱŸղţҲһС 
ǸСôأǸأ 
Щܻش⡣ 
ûлȥʵҲûʲô·һЩճƷҪĶʹˡ 
¾뿪طȥݵĻƱȻҺһ˻𳵡 
ڻϣ֪˯ˡ 
ģУҾȻμײɽ£޴ıըͻ棬Ҵﾪѡ 
Աߵĳ¾ǲجˡҴͷ 
μʲô˵ҾȻμѹ죬Ȼײɽ£˶ˡ 
¾߰ҲͷϵĺˮҲҪ롣Ѿ뿪Ǹطˡ 
Һȵˮ΢ƽЩųľɫؾ 
𳵹أƽԭʱܿ·߷죬йվԡ 
վͣ 
ϲӵȺдȥʱʱ˲߻һ¡߹һڳʱȻԼǮˡ 
һȥֻһžµٴ󼷡ҴһվסǮң 
˻ͷһۣ͵⼷ҽ׷ȥ 
Ѿˡ 
ܵ˳¾ߣûпһµ˴ȥ˵ˣʲô¡ 
˵ҵǮܱܿ͵ˡ 
¾վһȥ׷Ǹˡ 
׷ſڣǸµѾ˳ҼæվǰгԱţ˵Ѿˣܿš 
ϵԿףšҺͳ¾һȥ 
Ǹµ˿æҺͳ¾ں׷ܱߺվסǮҡ 
׷·ã۵Ҳž°ɣǸǰץסˣ 
С͵˵ҴûץС͵ôģǾɣ 
һץһֲϣҲ죬ǮңҾߣ 
УҽˣǮ㣡 
С͵óǮȥãȴһ·˵뵽ȥ𣿡С͵ŹԹ԰ǮҿĶû٣ˡ 
һ·ҵ¾ߣﴭõûСɫɷףô·϶ܡ 
ҽȵϢһ£Ҳȥᰡͬˡ 
·߻˻վ 
˸طסȻȥᰡ 
᰼ǻˣҪǵҳԷʢȴҺͳ¾ߵ᰼ҡ 
¾ߺᰵȥˣһû¸ɣʹ򿪵 
ӱһͻ¼ҿ֮ʱûð亹磬ݵĻײ˻δȻûзѹʹϰˣ·ʩ衣 
¾ߴӳʱҲϢ߹ҵ֡Ҷ˵û£ⲻǺúõ𡣽ϲҪȥЩĵ¡ 
߳ǵӣôˡæ˵û£Ҹ˾ͺá 
Ц˵ȻˣͶ漸죬ҿԴǵ䡣 
Һ֣Ǿ춼æôʱȥ档 
˵Ѿˡ 
Ŷô£ǲϴε㣿¾ᰵ˵ 
ȥˣͲˣŮ˰Ůعͥ 
ʲô 
ڷװڷԡˣ˵ˣǿɣ 
¾ߺ᰽˳ܿһʢ͡ 
֮ư¡ʱѾˣס 
طסˣһܼġѣԼĹѣǻ߰ɡ 
Ǻǣ˵ҾͲˣǰľİɣЦ˵ 
Һͳ¾߸ᰣصùݡ 
 



ھʮ а

       Ĺųǽһ ǸһҾ˵ʩ㱻ħҪ뱣롭 
Ҹյͱ˵ԼΣգȻˡұɳ¾ס˵Ǹج𣿡 
һƺǸ׷˵ֻҪʩܸߣұ֤ʩǣ 
ߣȥ 
ȥѰܹƷħˡ 
Ŷ˭ 
ȥ֪ˣ 
Һͳ¾ߵһһ˵ȷаţУްǾǸߡ 
ǸǸ棬ҽסܵǰʣǵҪȥ 
Ǹ˵Ҫȥء 
·;ңԶڳ˻𳵲Ҫܳʱ䡣 
֮˲ 
ڸɽ֮ϣηΰִ¡ظԭϵ飬ʷļ֤ 
ڲסЩ̾˵̡òиᣬͳ¾һ˳ȥһصķɡ 
ǳ˲ɽ·һɽϣÿԴúÿ 
ˣһʯͷϢ̧ͷ˿صգƣ͸ǰûգ͸ʹ 
صʱ˵Ǹڵҡȥʲô¡ 
ȥˡ˵ǵȥ˿Ҳû߶Զͻˡ 
Ϊʲô뿪˵ǺΣյġ 
˵ڰɣ뿪һ 
ֹôԽԽ˵ʲôˡ 
ҺȻѪѪеӡȻһƺˣĻһа׷˹鷳Ҳһ٣ 
ô֪а£ 
˵Ҳ֪а񣬻ֻ֪èΪ˾аɱ 
Ҿȵؿ˵ѵҲǡ 
˵ͷ˵èаΪУĴ׷ɱǣΪľǽһè壡 
è壿ǲ𣿡ɻѡ 
ˣǱˡһ;߱è˵˫Ըų˵ 
ԭôаأ 
аˣǺèԵ֮ˣһᾡŬģ 
˵ɱа񣿣 
 
Ϊʲô 
ΪаǲģֻʧסԺҪ뿪Ҫ뿪аʧˡ 
һˡǸ˵ԺʹֱаʧȻᱣġ 
ܿ˿˭ңʲôҲûа 
㿴棡 
̧ͷǰһһ޴֮ϡ 
˵Ǹ˾Ҳؿʡ 
˵ͷ 
 




ھʮ аߣ

       һֱ˼죬˵һС ߳ȥǸڵϣϱץһץӡǶ֪ʲôץġ 
ô¡˸˵Сϳȥϲȥ֮ҲûлˮԷ档 
Ǹ֮󣬽дҰˣԺҴˮҪһȥϲҪˮ 
ߵ˵аˣϿشȥ⼸˭ҲҪ 
һصڵϵĹϣ泯ǰĴ 
ϣҿڴǰϣ˯˯š 
ԼһèСҹգǳ 
ѵ˵аˣ 
һȥҳ¾զ죬Ҳܰһ˶档ҪеͰȫˡ 
ҸһǸҲҪ뿪ô죿 
Ҫǲߣ¾ô죿Ҫǳȥˣаָô죿 
Ϊѣ 
ҿϣų¾ôˣ᲻аأȻ֮䣬ƺ¾߱һֻèϱèݺץһӡ 
УһҪȥ 
վȥ䣬˴һۡƺˣһƺڽ¡ 
ͣס˲ӣԴϸֳ¾߱ץѪģӡ 
ҵĴԿҪըˣһҳȥһȴ 
ץԴͷʹѣ˵ϡ 
ʱԼѾڴˡҿ⣬¾վ 
˴¾ôˡ˵û¡ 
һǸˡҿеץۡô£˵аˣһҹϵİ̺Ǳаץ˵ġ 
ôаǲѾˣˣȲʡ 
ġҪ취ʧ 
Ҫô 
Ҫ취аȥ涨շģ 
ϣһڴ棬Ⱥа֡ 
¹ⱻסˣúܺڡһʱעΧĶ 
Ȼ֪ʲôţ˺ 
һèУ 
ʱҵȫë۾èдķȥֻһֻ۷ĺèڵʯͷϡ 
ҡһֻèվһ 
ҸϽվ߳ܣҡǸֻè׷ 
ƺſͣͣŲϽƴҡŭˣ˴ 
ʱִһèУ 
èķһֻۣڽè˳ͺèץҧ 
Ҵڴ£ֻè򶷡 
è쳤צȥץһֻèֻèܲץˡûк£ҲȥץèצӲûץֻèץץȥ໥ţڴ˺ɱ 
 
һֻèèץˣڵϣһϢˡ 
èͻȻҽһ 
һһϿ˿ 
èĽȥҿҲѪˡ 
ƺӣҰǸ˹ȥèңҿͻȻһԾһ˶ߣͷץ 
һ˺èϡҳϿȥֻ۾⣬˲䣬èʧǵ 
ߵǰղźͺèֻèڵϣѪѾΡ 
 
˾ҵǸҺͳ¾뿪˲뿪ء 
 




ھʮ ŻٻӰһ

       뿪أȥ˸ݡ ԹžǱұȻĵطݵ˼ǡ 
ݳⲻԶܿɳĮȴžĿĻŲʯĴ𣬻д淢ֵľ˫ľڻȣ硣 
Һͳ¾ߵʯߵʱڽһޡ󲿷ֻֽۻϣ´ 
ЩʯϵĹŷı棬ߴ;Ŵǡ˵ʯϴٹĶսҴ 
ǧķ꣬ʯȻܹãһΪشۣ 
ʯ£һ¡вٹɨվڴͷϡ 
ܿ죬뿪ʯߡ 
Ӧ뿪ݣһĿĵȥߵ·˵Ȼˡֻ·һ˳糵صݡ 
˵ݵⲻҺͳ¾˼ҲĹӣԡ 
һ߳ţһ߿Ц¾˵ǳ࣬ɵ 
ɵ˵˳Եɵġҿɵ 
԰԰Ұһǰ͡ 
ҴˣҲŲҪԹණ 
һе𣬡ҳԵĶ࣬ԵʲôǺһ 
ôֻ˵˵˭㣬 
Բԣ 
ҰˣǮϣˡ 
¾߸˳ǰ棬ں溰ι 
תתͷ 
ҲãҴˣ𣿡 
ҼǰߡûԶûͣתȥֻ¾վ·ߣų 
æ߹ȥ·ߣվôСĳײ 
¾ߺȻһȰҪޣϣô˿ءһ㲻ſҼϿ 
·˿ۡĳ¾ߵļ򣬽Ҫˡ 
뿪ҵļֲĨᡣͳ˵ͦɾģ֤ûвŰĨʲôģ 
ӹһȭתΪЦ 
ᣬֿһۣȥҪ 
ҿҵһߩ˱棬ȻɵɵؿңŶȥɣ 
һû˵ 
ӲҪҲҪ 
Ǿһ·׷Ҹϣصס 
ֻ죬Ҫ뿪ġû뵽죬´꣬Ȼǻûߡ 
Ѿݴʮ졣 
뿪ˡ¾˵ǲȥʯ߰ɣϴûһкܶʵĶ 
Ǿǳģٴ죬ûҾͬȥһʯߡ 
ʯߡѾϣǰι۵ﲻ 
ȻкܶණϴûпġҪľǴʯ﷢ֵıڻЩǧǰľᣬУѾ١ܿҡһڻͶأֱ֡ҲѾԡ 
ǰι۵˵һһղؼҡ˺ܾã֪ղصĶҲһˡ 
ڱڻжصİã˵ղźüʯߵıڻ 
Ϊʲô׳һء˵ΪǮЩڻ֤һ飬᲻þ 
ǲԼľƵĶͷ̾һҽһʮǰĹ¡ 
ʱĻոձãܵǣĽţĹţǼǼˣǻܵѵǣȫ˱͵Ͷ졣 
ǸǿడȫûԣִŸСꡣụ̂ʱҲû̷ֻۡøͷܺñȶǿ 
ȱӪʱ򻹲еʱһ򸾣ǵĺҲڳ̡ǸŮ˾ιԼĺӣΪĺӡǳˡ 
Ů˾ιӣö֮ǺӼȻ衣˸׽ǺŮ˵ɷ򱻺ˣ˵ʲôӸܵйҡŮ˳˹Ѹ 
ȥչĺӡһβӦ÷ˡ 
Լķ֪֮顣Ϊͷ˷ֿˡȻȴЩߵע⣬Դ£˽ͨˣͶܵ˸Ĵ춼ǿᣬ˾ȥμͶǸŮΪ˾óǼȥһ߹١û뵽鲻ûгɹǸŮˣǲع򱻹ؽ˼ 
֮˵ȥѰǸŮˣ˵ŮѾˡЩȷʵһֱ꣬뷽跨Ǽڻ֡ҲǶǸŮ˵һɡ 
꣬ȻǼȤҵȥ˵ء 
һ³¾ߣʲôҲû˵ҵĬˣʹӦȥǸ 
 




ھʮ ŻٻӰ

       ¾û˼ȥʲôŻһù סһĺԺϰˣŮȥסˡ 
ҵסʱԺｽܸˣˮͰҴ˿ 
ϰڴëߣŸϻ۾Ҵ鷿˸鼮ҳǸѧ֮ʿЦ˵ð䲩ѧôҲΪղء 
¥´ëߵķǷʮǰߵλ˷۾ͷ 
ôͺõģ 
ǺǣҿǹȥŴźӸһŶ 
Ӵϻа취 
ȥˣʱᣬˣǾͦůġ 
ҸоǸغˣʲôģԼǸɵĹġ 
һϸҿһ飬˵ʼȥĶ硣ֱܽʼĹҸǹĿ࿴ 
ȫ໥У˵Ǹѧң˵ǸʷѧңǶıҿѧš֪һ͹ȥˡ 
ҳԷûоܾ 
극Ҵ¥һղóǼûıڻҿ 
һڻֻ滭һŮӣֱãŮ㣬ʮףϼ۲Ȼꡣ 
ô⼸ɣ 
ûȷʵǺûԳƵǾףҾñʯŵЩڻͻ 
ЩôߣɼǸ˰ 
ֻƾԼĸоҪ˵ָһҿɲᣡ 
˵ͻ滭츳ɣ⼸һ͵͸ģ 
ôСƳ١ 
ǼҿɲǴĹ㲻Ҫ˼Ӧڶ͵ˡɣ 
Ҿ͹ 
һڻлλͳţԵ˵һ䣺ټ 
Ǹصùݣֿ 
¾߽ʱѾǸΪʲôһ˶ڷ䣬ʲô 
֪Ϊʲôڿپ뻭еŮԶһǹɫ㣬ʣһγŮֱɲ 
ƽʱӡȫͬƽʱó¾ȻǾŮҲܵҡҵĸоô˸һٰʮȴתأ 
¾ִ֮Ǹڻƹ谵ҿſž˯ˡ 
ǰһԴľɽˮɫʮ 
ҽһƬ֮УһʯͷԲӣܻʯʡ߹ȥʯϣԼ 
һŮؽ֣ߵʯǰ£ʼ١ 
ö˼֡Ѿʱա 
һֱ٣оʱţԶͣһ̡ 
 
Ȼ֮䣬ǸٵʧˣҲˡۣ¾ѣһϿ˿ҪáҲһˤţˡ 
 




һ٣ ŻٻӰ

       ¾⼸ǸìܣҲ֪ôˣƢʮֱꡣһˣͶӵ۵ġŬסԼǺ˭ҶȷƵģû취 ֮˳һЩСìܣ¾Ҳ˺üءаԼٶǰǴûй£ôͻȻƲסˣ 
ʼ벻Ȼ 
ҿʼѾûҿĶˣһ磬һӣᵯٸ 
ĺµȥҰϸûУҲСôΪġ 
ֻһĻ룬뷨ûʲôǣ¶ԣҪʲôʱʲô¡ 
Ҳ֪ԼΪһ뷨ԶѲ 
Ϊͳ¾߳һܣܳȥ˵ƣȻصùݣóǸ˼ҵĻ 
ſţ񣬾ȻеŮҽȥҸŮӽ˻С๫ҽӡһƬ԰УϷˣʮָˡŮһ裬һᵯ٣ҿߵ׹һ˶ƼȣҺһáֱɰ 
ŮžƱӣСڣѾ͵˵ԺͱˣеĶģ 
ҵͷ 
Һ໶ոһգ긴һꡣ 
Զ࣬Զôгᳳܡ 
 
Ҫǳ¾߰͵ҽԺұ˹Ҿ˯ˡ 
ҳõξʱ䣬 
Ҿһ˯죬۳¾ôҲҽвѡ 
ҺˮιҳԷȴˮһֱ˯ҹֱɫ԰ףһģʱұҽԺȡ 
һ˹ 
ΪǸˡԺҲҴǸ 
Ǹλǵߵǰʱ򣬿ѾյһͿˡλûˡ 
˸طͣڻ棬Ȼ˻ 
ȼúܿ죬ӻðһ̣ǻ˵๫úģ㾹Ȼˡ 
µĹҼˣǻ˵һͷһμ 
Ұ¸¾ߣ¾߿ʼţ˯ҹòҽһĻþŮ顭 
ǳ˻뿪ݣ¾ҵԱߣ˵Цֿʼʩÿˡ 
Ժܲܶ㣿Ҷ˵ 
ѵ𣿡¾߷ʵ 
Ǻᣬǿɲһ㡣 
Ҫġаɣ졫ǡ硫 
ѽôȫƤ 
Ҿ㻹кܶȱ㡣 
ʲôȱ㣬˵ 
磬㲢˧ûǮ 
ȱ𣿡 
ǰ 
˭˵ҳò˧ҿǡһ˧ 
ŵһ 
ɽ 
Ǻǣţ 
ûǮ 
ǮֻҪĸĹôһҲʹķô 
ǣ㲢ûá 
ϾȥáҪʼ⣬ҪеĴĹ⣬ȻеͳͳǮ˰ɣ 
Ǻǡ 
Ǹ硭 
ѽôУܲˡ 
ôаǣҪٰΣҾͰԴšᣡ 
Ӵ٣⻹ˣ 
ʱһŶȹŮˣȥڲֹͬͣͳ¾Ϲ㡣΢עǸŮһ¡ 
ֻöըװ𣺡ǣҪԴš 
¾ߴеͬһĳ˿ͣ׷׳˹ 
 




һ٣һ һ

       ˻𳵡 ˼죬һС̯ϷһصĶһԲεģԼڴСĶΪ棬߻ƣдϣŹֵ֡ЩֿȥǺ֣뺺ֵıʻȫͬŴͭǮһԲηס 
Ҷ￴ֿʼտʲô˼ 
дġ 
Ŷô֪￴ó񣬲֪ʲôʱ߶һˡ 
ڻ޷ƽ⡭ 
˵֪һǸмңæվ˿ԭһʮͷ 
ǣ 
ˣ䡣 
Ǻǣô֪أ 
ʱ̯˵̯ӻˣ 
ԭ̯ڵģǺǣǻԵ 
ôѵҲǡ 
ǰڱ˼԰гһЩɶ 
ͬаߣȲȥ첻ˣ˵žҪȥʰ 
æŰһգպ֮Ҵһߺȱġ 
˵ôʶֵģ 
һڲ裬˵Ҳ㣬壬Щϴģ̯ܾˣûˣҪϲǶ͸ˡ 
ôܶءҿ㻹ǱˣԺ˵ֵǵģ 
ȵʱ򣬿¶ˣ 
ȱǮôҿԽ㰡 
Ǹոʶô˼꿪أ 
ҪǰҵѾͱǮƶ֮ɣҰǼˣҲͲûǮˣ 
ȻðɣǶȥ 
ǶȻģӦ֪Ǹʲôõİɣ 
ǵϴŵĶݵġãǿ 
ϸ˿Ļƺ֣ʶдʲô˼𣿡 
洴֣ѾһҲʶˡҸҿ϶дľƽ˼ 
ŶƽǸö 
Һڲ˺ܾãҲ֪һЩĹ¡ 
ߵʱ¾ȥǸг 
ҵϣܼ²ǾҪˡ 
ҵ¾ߣڿһ·ȥˣ˵һȥȲˡ 
ϰ壬ǮһҪˡûҵĻϰ·ȥˡ 
һȫǳ¾ġ㲻ôණʲôҴӾгǸԲζ󿴿ֿ 
ôǮ¾һнԵ⡣ 
ҸæӦе۹⣬ǵùĶҪֵǮģ 
𣿡¾߲мذǸԲηˣַȥ 
дʲô˼ 
ƽ 
ҵĻ˵꣬һ˴ӳ¾߹һŵĶ 
¾ǰ׷˼ŽŶ˵׷ 
ҿֿ˿ﱧŵ· 
ѽܹӹұĶҿǸС͵·ǰš߽·ܵǰ棬סˡ 
Ǻǣֵܣǻڷԣ 
˵ֵܣŮ˵Ķ 
˻ܣһץס·˻ 
С͵˵ֵܣлú˵֣ 
ߣԸˣ͵òȡǳֶΣأ 
úã㣡 
ҿ·Ƕ˳Ҫȥãû뵽Ա߳һˣǶӸˡ 
Ҹȥ׷ץŵǸС͵Ҳ˻ˡ 
㬵߻س¾ڵĵطҴͷɥػʵأ 
Ұڰ˵ˡѾץסǸС͵ˣû뵽Աһͬ˺ϻѶˣ 
Ӵûãţ 
¾ְһ·ңŵžžવˡ 
ҿﲻɵƣվںȡιﻹһ·վ 
 



һ٣϶ 

       ҪҵǸС͵ҷǺúýѵһٲɡ ùס¾춼ڹ治֪Ҫٲ㣬ǲҪŸġ 
ȥǸڵ̯ͷǶˡ 
ˣ˾ȵؿ˵ô£˿̫ϧˡ 
Ұ·ϷҲû˵Сһ㣬Ҳ̫ˡ 
˵һҪһȻˡ 
ҵ˭жҪ֡˺ܶ˶Ҫҵġ 
һС̯ϣ￴Ȼһп˵߹תͷһۣ졣һ͵ҵĶС͵𣿣 
æվ󺰵վסѶң 
˽Уعͷһۣ׷ȥҲ 
վסںܱߺ 
ǸС͵ûܣܵǰ棬һƷˡС͵ȥס˵ͬ־ǸĪں׷ң 
һ죬С͵˵˼仰֮󣬾ҺΪʲô׷ 
վԶ˵͵Ҷ 
ûУͬ־׷ңһ٣Ⱦң 
һԣǾƺĻߺվס𶯣˵ 
һæתƴܣǾһֱں׷ұ˾֡ 
Ұ˵֮󣬳¾ҲˡҲˣǱ͵˶Ҿͱ˳ 
ߵʱץǸԴ˵ٺ٣治˼ԭĶ˶զأ 
˵ˣѾˣҲҲˡ 
Ǿ˵һңǶʲôӵġ 
˵ҲֵʲôǮ˾Ͷ˰ɣˡ 
Һͳ¾һ뿪˾֡ 
ȻûзҪҵǼ뷨ֻ¾Щ鷳ˡ 
ҪôطҼһ 
Ǽҳٳٲߵԭ򣬾ΪҪѰǸʧԲ 
 




һ٣ 

       ˵ɽһȺĹˣ﷢˴Ʊ Һͳ¾׼ȥ 
ɽҪʮ๫ҪɳĮ 
Һͳ¾߹ƥգ㹻ĵˮسɽȥأǽɳĮشһȥɳӣԽǰߣԽȡϵֲ･ˡ 
;ˣһǰ̽ѯżĿԱһ֣ˣ򵼡 
ºˣõ·ˡǵʲô˵ȥɽ 
ŶǶԿҲȤǸɸ˵ 
ǺǣǰҲҸǸɵĹġ 
Һû˵ž˵ˣĹⱰܶʷѾʧˡ 
Ŷ𣿡 
˵ͳںɽ˵֮󣬲ȥ뷨Ҷһֱоɽһŵܡ 
̫ˣǿһˡ 
ڸںɳĮ֮Уһ·棬ò׿ǰһƵĴɽɳпȥɸ˵Ҫɽˡ 
ɽǺɽָǻѻɵĴɽ˵ 
ǰɽǵˣ 
ҪԽɽȥס˵ֻܲУûȥġ 
ںɽͣЩô죿ѵǷ𣿡¾ߴ˵ 
ǰǷ˰ɡ 
ããɳĮǻ᲻ᡭ 
İɣʶ·˻أ֪ôɳĮ棡߹˵ 
ҰѰϵӽ⿪ǵĺ󱳣ǷˡЩɳĮеգܿʧɳĮˡ 
˳ɽŵбɽȥ 
ɽʱɽϻɳӣԽԽܿȵʯͷӲɳɽЩӲɳɣɳ糾ͦǧꡣ 
Ѿ˰ɽһϲȥˡ 
Ǹ򵼴ͷץסЩ͹ǣŲİѨֽ໥ϣһһ 
ҸСץȣһȥģ 
ץһɽ⣬һоЩҲסˡҸ򵼺棬ɸ䣬ǳ¾ߡ 
ɽһʱ򣬵ͷ¿˿ֻ̽ţòײҵһֵĵطȻ·þȫƵģѵš 
ȻŵһɽĦţ»ȥ 
Сİץˣ溰š 
Һã»˲Ǻܳľ룬ץסһɽʯסˡ 
סš 
Ѿվɽˡ 
ץסһʯͷСĲŽµʯͷɽ 
潹ؿų¾ߣƺϲˡ 
ɸҲߵҸղĵطҺְ 
ٿĳ¾ߣץʯͷһֻһľ룬ô죬ϲġ 
ӣóһҰӵһ˲ϣȻȥӽ˳¾ǰץס 
¾ȥǸӣһֻѾˣȻֶֻȥҸоһɺܴ洫򵼺ɸסӣһһѳ¾ 
ҷ˺ô󾢣¾ɽ 
ҽ⿪ϵӣ߹ȥĥƤѪ 
áϴΰѱһǲҪˣ˵Լϴ˺ü飬ܸɾȻָ˿ڴ 
˿ڣվںɽϣһߣɽȻһƬɳĮ¿ȥ˼΢Щ֮⣬ʲôҲ 
ɽǰûԶͿ˼ţһ̨ 
ɸ˵Ǿˡǰ﷢ֵʱ򣬲û㹻ӣĹ﷢˴޼֮˿Աĸ߶ӡĿǰѾꡣ 
ɳ·ֻЩĹѾǧٿףǧķʴЩȻͦ϶вĹɳ֮¡ 
һĹΧżʯͷ߽ȥϸĹϿţƵĽȻĹǲ 
ǿʲôɸָЩĹ˵ 
˵ 
ӦǶĽɸȻ̾һ 
ôˣΪʲôͻȻ̾ҿЩ⡣ 
ҶһֱоĻʵ̫ˣһֱûжչ쿴ЩĹҰԸͿʵˣ 
ɸǽйʷڣͳȨ߽ǨذϣƴһСĹңȺɺͱΡɽ£ƺӰߣĵذϼĴСǿʢڵԪ껵Ĵ£ĽԼĵ۹ǿʼɺͱο⣬γ㶦֮ơ 
ȻĹǿҲֻƫһСɹĻͺѸ׳ĹջǱˡ⵽˳ɼ˼ӵķɱӴʧ 
ɹ˳Ǳˡʷʷ͡ʷֻʷиˡĹ͡ûΪıдרŵʷ顣Ժ˽ǳƶ 
ö֮ûããɳ֮С 
оǲûΪʷеĿհף׷Ѱ 
ɸһоĻˡԵɳĮѰ꣬ϣܵõϡ 
Ǽǰվ˺ܾãɸ俴ʮͶ룬۾棬ͼѰʲôϧɹĵʱĹĵرȫݻˣֻЩϱڲܫǿΨһˡ 
 




һ٣ ģ

       ɸԵɳĮۿѾֵ֮⣬һĿľѰĹַڳַ ںɽ£ĵǷŸܣֻеȽһĿŷˡȻӦò̫ԶֻǾǧıǨЩϦյķѾ˻ɳ֮¡Ҫҵס 
긽˲ٵвѾˡ 
ɸǷԸһߣȻȫǾ׼޵ʷغ䴫˵ȥѰҺڳַ 
Һͳ¾һ£һȥ 
û˽ֻòУãƬɳĮ֮أûʲôӵ˺ɽ꼾ɽ֮⣬ΧһƬ̫ƽ֮ء 
ɸһŵͼ˵ĺڳַӦ档ɳĮ˺ܾãһߴϢ֮Ǽ 
һɽ棬ǷһˡЩ˿Ĺġϳһˣ͵ҶǸС͵ 
ԩ·խû뵽һˣ໥ţһﲻ 
ǸС͵ƺҲϳңͷΡǴԱ˹ȥ 
û뵽Сʱ֮ٴ 
ͣǡǸС͵Ѿٶܣֱ˹ȥ 
Ҫȥɸ俴Ǽ˵ 
֪ããɳĮ⼸˲ǿԱ 
ߵķһ£òᡭѵڳַѾˣ 
Ǹȥɡ 
̫ðɡ 
ֻԶԶظţǲǺǷһ¡ 
ǺðɣǸǡ 
ĸ˾˴Լһңһ󺺴죬һֱߵһɽǰͣ 
߽ˣѾµɽ£ѷ磬˶һЩɵĽ 
ѵǺڳַǣûɸվɽϿЩ˵ 
ԶȥȻЩѣΧϵһǽ 
ҪȥɸȲɽ¡ 
ѷ˿ǣ˻࿴һۣһæ˽ȥһվǡ 
ιǸʲôģ˿űɸ˵Ǹ׷˹ȥ 
ɸûлش𣬶һֱߵĸǰһѡ 
Ǹʲôģһ顣ŴѺˣǸС͵ڡ 
Ǵ󺺰ǴһɻʣҲģ 
һ⼸Уξ 
ֵܣǮ׬վ˵ 
ȻҶͬУҲ̹˵ɣͱˣǲʲôʣ£ҪһݣǵʵԸⲻԸ⣡ 
ɸҪ˵ʲôȥס˵Ը˷𣿡 
Ը⣡ʣµһ𵽡 
ǿɾͲܹˣ 
߿ 
ҪߡɸʮȺǿ 
ַҪҺǻصɽϡ 
ʲôȨǽȥҲ̫ˣɸܻ˵ 
ˣǾţҾͲԶǳˣٽȥ 
ǵЩﰡǵˣ 
˵Һͳ¾໥һۣҲͬҵĻǾŰɣǲ࣬ӲҪԿģ 
 
ɸصϡ 
ܿ죬ͺˡĸڶ´ùȼ˻ɸ俴Ż˵û뵽ǻⶫҪǣǽҪˣ 
˵ֿ˿Ѻ档Щ˽ȥܾˣһûг 
¾߰ʳˮָң˳֮󣬾Ϣ 
֪˯˶ãͻȻСұˣֵաˣǰߣԱߣһֻһ˵Ѻ棬˫۾ֵصţˡ 
ǰȥļĹ֮һôģղǼ 
ֵգûκѪ˵ĺۼôģ 
ҿſţһֻһĶٵҵЬӡ˺Ȼ 
æվţֻӶһŲˡ 
ղŽҵɸ䣬űĳ˵ֳӽʳϣΪúܿ죬Ⱥвܴ󡣴˵һҹ֮ݻһ֧ӡ 
һֻСӾȻô˼Ƥ 
ȥǸˣֻʳϣ 
¾ߺɸҲˣ¾߿һˣŻ 
Զ㣡½ȥ˶ʳҧˡֲôöû 
߰ɣٽȥϷֲʳϣûУǳΣգ 
ֻص񣬵ȴ 
 




һ٣ 壩

       ԺǹǸѣǸȥѾһѰ׹ǡֵʳ϶ˡ һЩдɸǺڳַѾ˳ǽڳߡ 
˻ɳǻɳڳַѾûɳĮ֮¡еĻԻѾڡ 
ڵģҲʹڵġ 
˴ڳǣûзκҪֵѾϴһˡϼֻһƬããɳĮַҲûС 
뵽ЩЩ治ˣκη֡ҶԸȥǶһʳô졣 
£ҪǣǸϿˡֻҪûдʳϣǰΧͲ̫вġŹ͵ðգɸ˵ķǳȷֺγˡ 
ǼÿһЩǰ;ϣǱĻɳˡ 
һһֱͨ 
ַһ߰׹ǣѴСģдʳϡԽߣԽǿżֵֻĹ⣬ܿ 
һԼ׿Ŀնҵʬ壬Ѿ˰׹ǡ 
϶дʳϣǻ˳ȥɣɸ˵ 
ʳƶԺܴҵʳһǨĵطﷴȫط׳ʳϣɸ˵ 
ҿһΣûʲô֣˳ȥɣ滹вٵҲͨġ 
һͬ⡣ 
ͨһ·Լʲô춯ֵĴңһ˶ڽ 
߹ȥϸգǸˣһǸ͵С͵ 
ǣȻ¡ 
ôˣʲô£ҿ˵ 
δָ˵ 
ʲôҽдұ𶯣ֵָķȥһսǣͨתȥͿһֻСţĹֳҧһڵϵʬ塣Աڶʳϡ 
ôˣ˿ʡ 
ͣæת˳˵ϣҿܣ 
ܹȥǸڽˣʹһܡƺܵñȽ֪ôˡһͷһֻۣŽţһһֻѾҧֳ˰׹ǣ 
ҷͣܣܿ쵽˳ڡ 
ӵ˵ڵϣٿȣֻϻ棬ΧⱻҧѪġ 
õȥ⣬ǼֻϰȻûҩ˵ôأܻܿġ 
¾ߴһЩɴΪ˿ڣʹý˳ 
ҪԸȥ̫ˣЩɴһȥ 
ɸ俴˵о綾ܱסˡʱûˣ 
ããɳĮûκƵҩеôȵôܼȣ 
ҿգ˵Լ߰ɣߵóȥ߲ȥͿԼˣ 
Ҳֻˣ 
ǣһƥգ˷ȥָһˮǣ˳ȥ 
ձţ˲ԶȻһǶģ 
ԶʧɳĮֻףˣ 
 




һ٣ 

       һԱ߷һڡɳڸţ治׷֡ Ǹڣʯף߷ֱһԲ汻ɳţЯһһѻɳߣΡ 
ֱԳƵһɸվ˵ӦþĹڵˣԲų⸱ģ 
ڹĴ˿ƾֵֻ޷ȫΧĲãֻܿһЩԵ̨׺ԼĿĶ 
ΪǰĲ֣ǰλǻʵϢĵطд󴲡϶ֻһ֣еĽɳˡ 
ֵպԵǽڣһЩ֪֡ЩӦöģǰʶ 
ҽɸ䣬ֵ翴˿֣̾ˣǾ˵ķ֣ļ֤һҵôģҵо޴Ӱ죡һҪػȥ 
׼īЩ׼ֵ֮磬ŹɸӡЩ֣ 
ոӡһ룬Ȼ⣬ֵĹߣҲûбֵţǽϵЩָʼ⣡ 
ҿЩ֣𽥱վ 
һЩֿʼһһشǽϵ䣬ʼڿзЩһγһڿз衣 
óǷŹֺȻײڵϣɢõǡ 
ͻȻʧˣʼҵ 
ҶԴҺߣҪˣ 
ɸ仹ҪȥЩûɵ֣ߣˣ 
ǳ˴ĻɳѾʼ䡣߳ڣ̮£Ļҳڸ˿Լڳַ 
ɳбǺô໥֣ײײ߳˺ڳַ 
վ棬źþòʧȥɳԭ¶ĺڳַ󲿷Ѿȥ֮¡ 
 
ߣ˵Ц 
ɸڳַΪʲôڳǡ 
Ц˵ֻеȵѺڳǴӵڳһ֪ 
ǽɳĮ֮УԶƺܿããɽӰˡ 
 




һ٣ ۣһ

       ̫ˣкܶƱ ҿ 
Ʊ 
 
 
Һͳ¾վһʯͷԱߣһȺߴһĻ́˼ڴӡ֮澡鱦Ρ 
磬Ƿ 
ֵǣзݣǰƱˣ 
Щ˿ʼҶᣬ׷ǵĴ˽еӶϣ˭˵Ķ˻ 
̵ģ˭ģ׼˭ҪһǹȻֽ˰Ӵ򿪣˵һһзݣ 
лл磡 
Щֵ鱦˸Цúϲ£죬ϲ֮¶Ա 
ǿҪ鱦ʱ򣬴Ĺֳһˣߵߣɷ˵綪顣ӹ飬Žл硣Ȼ˵磬иײģоʬ壡 
һʬ壬˵ʬôǲŵ 
˴Ц 
һ˵ǡ磬Ǿʬе֣㲻ȥ 
ȥʲôֵģ 
һҪȥ׷ҲҪȥҺͳ¾Ҳܺ棬ֻǸڼȻҶȥˣҲŽ˹Ĺ 
ĹҺңзһײģûʲôرһĹײĶŵġ 
ΧڹײԱߣǾʬ塣 
ӴĲһҼٹײʬ壬ûģ 
Ҳû 
ְôþȻûһ 
һҲе˼ʹȥǾʬ۾Ȼݱ˯˵ӡ 
ٺ٣㿴ǣһһѣܻܲҧһڣΧſм䣬һر𵨴ˣ˵Ļ 
ƿֵײǾʬ 
Ҷı飬˴Լӣ˰˳ģֻʣһƤˣɶģ 
һЦ 
˶Ǹײ˵ҧҰûǱ£ 
û¾߰ɣһʬʲôģǴ緢ˡ 
磬ҿ·Ҳ˰ɣһ˳˸⡣ 
˰ˣ˸Ÿ͡ 
һӣүˣ 
߳ĹңҲ˳ȥ 
һҿʬ崩·ˡ 
һʮָˣԼӦõ鱦ˡ 
Һͳ¾·ǣһͬˣ˵ǷʲôĹ͸ˡ 
·ɽ·һ󣬿ҪˡǼӿ첽ҸطꡣǰͿ˴ׯҺͳ¾ð˹ȥ 
û뵽˸ղŵĹˣǾǸӵġ 
һĵĹ￴ǹͽǵȥꡣʮָлĺ⣬͸ҡ 
ԭǸɷΪ鱦ţæЩ鱦 
ӴˡªλҺͳ¾˵ֶ꣬ϱ˵ǵˮ 
ÿˣģˡ¾վ˵ 
ϱˮ˵ȻˣˮӦõġ 
Ǿͽӹˮ 
ǲרŸɵĹһеģ˵ǣԲʯΪʯͷ׬ǮǲʯͷĵطĹû뵽ߡֻ˳һĹ 
ǼҵУξ˵һ󣬴ԽԽˡҺͳ¾Ҫߡǳ극ߣ˵ˣллǵչˡȻҵš 
 




һ٣ϰ ۣ

       Ժ Һͳ¾˵γʱڵĹĹҴδ˵ԭ򵹺ܼ򵥣˵ЩĹǰ˭ҪǵǵĹĹ˾Ź 
Ҵ䣬׼ȥ 
ߵɽǰûЩĹʱ򣬿˼ˡһǸġţţȻ°ĭڵһˡ 
ŵôӦⶼǱӦ 
ǼæܹȥסƵ׷ʲô¡ 
ǣæסҵ˵ˣˡӦ 
˵Ӷˣ˭Ҳûеʲôһ䡣 
䣿һ֪һʲôˡ 
Ǻص˴ӣѸոȥ˵Ϣ֪ͨǵļˣȥǸ䵱ϴӡ 
һҲʲô䣬˵ŻˣַһЩ飬ûȥٵˡ 
뿪Ӽҡ 
ĶЩʲôˣ˵ϻƼҵĶޣͷŮڴҵĶӣĶЩһĹˡ 
ҿʼ²ͬһ㡣ȥһǼĹ 
Һͳ¾뿪ǸӣҵϴǵĹ߽Ĺֵʬ岻ˡ 
ʬô᲻أ 
ѵǱˣ 
Ҫôܽ䣿 
֪Ȼشȥô¡ 
ȥҡ죬ˡڲʯбըҩըġ 
ӹĹľŸ˵УѾ֪ȥϢŵʧǣҪӰߡ 
ʱȥϴңȫ 
ǣǸʲôӿ鱦 
ҲҪˣͰߣҪȫɣҲˣĹ˽ӶȥԼҲ顣 
ߡ 
һҪߣӵ˳ 
ϣס˯ҹʱ򣬴ﴫǼæϹȥ˵һŮˣҪ 
Ҽͷ󺹣һجΡһϱˡ 
ҵϱܹȥϱôˣ 
ϱվǡתʱ򣬱һŮˡ 
вѡ 
ٿϱϴ·ǴӹĹǸŮʬġһֱˣϱ 
ϲ⣬ܹȥϱô 
ϱ˵˽Գǵȴûˣվ붯ȴˣʲôץסƵġ䣬ˣžȫܻˡ 
ٿϱ·ֻɫŮʬİˣʲôʱģ˵Ҳ֪𴲾ͿǼ·Ϊء 
ڶ죬ȥӡ 
˰죬ţײŷڿͷϣǱʲôġ 
ôˣһǼ·йأҵǼ·ʬ廹ȥҰǻصĹθ˵ʬ岻ˡ 
֪ʬ岻ˣ˵ŮʬѾˣҪ 
˵£ֻҪҵǼ·Ҿ֮ŮʬһҰߡ 
Ǽ·ױ˭أ 
ǼĹģѾʣµĳһǴ嶫ģгӣһ½塣½Ѿȥˣڼҡ 
ֻʣһӣҪҵӣҵǼ· 
Ǻһȥҳӣŵϵ˵ڴϣ켸ҹԲκζԽȥ˳ 
ǼӵʱѾˣʵĳӡ 
ûǼ·ĳ˵ûáһЩˡҪӶ䷢˵ûǼ· 
Ӷ䷢ģûǼ·˭õأʱ˭õͳӶǵˡ¿ô졣 
˵Ҫһа취ġŮʬ޷Ǳַ֮󣬳ҪһȥҿֽˣȥֻҪ÷ǼŮʬɱˣԽͷ֮ޣͿ˽ᡣ 
˵Լǵʿ֮£Ǽҳ㷹ҡϱ˾ŸֽˣڷԺ׼ͷʱˣԺΪ 
㡢ֽǮЩ鶼֮ľϱߵף鳾̫Ͼħ֣ԭΣ 
һ߷𣬴Щֽ˶ᡣһŮʬԺ 
ŮʬЩֽЦߣüֽ˶ң 
ǰ˵˵йѾ˺ܾãΪʲôһֱȥͶ̥һԹ˹Źء̳ΪϵԹȥŹͶ̥Ϊʲô飿 
ŮʬһƺġҲ뺦ˣֻ̫Ҳð 
ϵԹ뻯⣬⼸ֽǻ棬͵Щ˰ɣ 
ãҾͰյһʣ 
ǿЩֽȼһͻҷ 
Ůʬһ̲ˡ 
ƺŴ˯˹ˣûˣ 
ܹȥϱ˵ûˣûˣ 
Ц˼ȻڵϣǱʲôסƵģȥȻûߵ屻һεصص˻ 
ڵϺܿˡ 
ϱϴ 
һʱ治֪ôˣŮʬѾЩֽˣԹӦûˣô 
¾վ˵ǲǷʧˣ 
ҿľֿϵֽǮ̳㣬ѾϨô˵Ůʬ˵ûߣ 
ҼæŮʬ˰ҲûӦ 
ֻϱȻЦʿȻƭңЩֽ˵˸ 
Ҽͷ󺹣˭˭ǸĹ 
Ȼ֮䣬Լͳ¾ߡ 
˲ֻôһŮʬЦ 
Ҽæʹ趯ľŮʬƴһŮʬʧˣҵľû˵ 
ԺѰţȻӱסˣϵľ˵ϡҸеˡֵץ 
ʱ¾ץľȥ 
ֻһУҵɿˡ 
һֻһ߰ɫʬڵϡ 
ת¼ 
Һͳ¾ȥ˱ 
ȥҪĿľǼĸµɡ 
̨Ѿһ£ס˼ʿÿɨۣвǰι̨ۡѾǰһˡ 
ڴ˳µɵλڷ֮аں˼֮¾ᡣ 
ȥο˵ܸ뿪ɡ֮һᱣƽƽҪˡ 
¾߲ᣬѾƵڵϣҺһЩֽ 
µɣһһĵʦǵһΧһС 
ӽ̨¾ߺȻ˵ر֪ǻȥģѾܾˣǸûȥˡ 
 




һ٣Ͼ ҹУϣ

       峿͸ıɽСӣżȸгɽֻǣڴڵһٶĹɽ룬ܾñŤ ҵʱĸܣرɽ·ò¶һ󣬺òײӣȴоֵֹģǶҺͳ¾һһŮĵҲûʾ̫飬ֻкһ±˸ȥˡ 
Ҹʳȥ·Ǿûһңֻھؿһ߿ˡ 
Ӳ̫ӭˣ¾˵ 
ţǾͷһ£Ȼ󣬵ӲּݵĶӦжٶģȴֻʮڴ˶ȥĶأһ·ûз˰ѵ˵ʹڵһٶĹйأһ뵽ĹҾһиУеаţ·󴳣ǲԸģ 
Ұ˼ʱȻ¶һ£Ϊǵ𣬵һ¹һָֻƽ 
ȻҳԾĻںͷڵض֮󣬴һˣЩôˣȥĶˣûܻشΪӾֻʣҺͳ¾ˣЩδڹһ 
ֻһӱȻֱëų¾ߣһ·СܣȻ²֪ʲôһ£һͷȥʱʧȥ֪ 
ԺУҸеǰлƮƺ˵ֻ̫ŬۣƤȴسأʶָ 
ҽԼǵһӣȻײһʯͷʯͷʱֻӶͷһʹгһʹȴΧ˵ҾȵǽòǺǹһҿȥ置һʱ䣬ãһЩ 
ʾͿ쵽ˣʱ򣡡 
ļ뱻߰㣬ѵѪأѾͷˣ 
һҪҳֱƻˣ 
ǣӣвģ 
 
̸Զȥд󾪣ʲô룿ĪҪǵƷ 
죬 
΢΢ۣ۽ɨܣԼһ޴ҡûдֱǴκһ䷿ݡ 
ûӣԵʮֿտϸһξһ֧ѣȻز͸ӣһҲơʱִŲæװȻԡ 
˵ҵǰΧʲôд棬ʲôΪҪȥң 
֣ôûأףԷ˵Ǻô˵ˣѵ˵ʲǿ˵ġһˡ 
ʲôڶԷѰŵʱ̲ס 
һһ㵯𣬽ֻһһذѵӴ 
㲻Ĵ񣿡˺Ȼְذ 
Ҿһ亹Ȼǣֻ·ȻĪˣ 
ҼӺ̾˿㻹ǱʲôطùƫҪ·ЦΪ밡˭ɽ·ϡͿһӣղŷֲˤһӣȻ͵طˣ 
˵Ҳ˵㱳طǸصĴׯڴׯµһ޴ĹѨУ 
شׯ޴ĹѨҵȷ̫ 
ȱ˵ô࣬Ͽ뿪Ұƫȥˣ֪ƭǶãֿʼҲɵʣʲô 
ĹصѴصаȻȥˣô˵һһͷһţûץס 
ȴȻһϲҵˣԣֻԵһα־ϸ͵ذһ͹ 
䣡 
ĹҿʼҡΣʱеĵض뵽һ£æѿڶҪ 
˽һգ׹ص 
 
ҺˮУӦ˵ѪУΪʱŵһǿҵѪζһŶˮʱһӦճ塣Ǻ뼸Ѫˮһֻţ֮һƬڣʱĵֱ£ѪˮԼֻаߡ 
澹ǸѪأҲڣûôˡ 
ΪиѪأǿ̶ĵ 
֪˵ͼͨĹصˣѩǲ֪ôˣ˵ű㿪ʼ󺰣Сѩң 
˵Ұɣ 
ǣô 
ûУֻ˵ô󶯾ûзӦ 
˵ҲԣԼ̫鼱ˣԾ򵥵ĵ 
̧ͷȻ̫ڣ۾һʱӦ󣬼ϵĵطһ˿͸룬ǿܿ 
Ѫ׸ߵӣѪصĳ̫ܷ壬 
һг·ģ˵˵λѴĻûɻû˵ģǡ 
ǵʱˣ 
˼µǰʱȻеһһֻҳֽҺݺݵסҼϢ־ֿ֣ƫֽвȡˣˣ벻ûˤȴҵʶʼģ 
һƺߣŲϵһɣæڴ 
û°ɣҵ𣬡ҼȻûˣ֪е㲻ԣֻûϵﻹˣ 
ȡ˭ 
ҺȻһΪ̸ʱҴӺһ̽ȥ˾ˣ 
̫ڣҲߵˣ 
ŵΧӶǿտյģ 
ô죿ֻú 
ȳһߣȻٻһ򣡻ҵ· 
̲ѡ˸˴ԼٶಽʯڣȻִԭ·˻ءȻЩĿǰĿӼΨһѡ 
ֻ˸ߣںڰʮΣڶءǵóۣѪԲģĸ߽һ 
Ҳɿڱϣû·ˣ 
ԣһг·Ҽᶨصλѱһû˵Ѿһط 
ˣȻڴˣ 
ʱǱ뱣侲ҵֻлųȥ 
ҺȻ棺Ϊ˵侲һͻֽţҲĪؽţ 
ǰԵʰɣ˵ڲѧĶĿǰȻã 
˾һһţһǴʱϢǻͽ 
ҵһ֣˵置һΪλһ޴ĵĹѨ 
룺Ʋ⣬һͷռǣԶ϶ŷһɣĶοţ 
ǿᵽ񣬻˵ʲô񵽵ʲô 
ֻȥЩ֪ 
ˣˣˡ 
رڴнôǳϸ΢ҿųرǾġ 
һһʮҹУ 
ңæôرڣ 
ҰѶڱϣӦôѵǰѩǣǾ֤ѪҲȫûг·ٲһԭشת 
־ϲڱнôΪӦǣ˰󣬳رȴ޻Ӧѵˣ 
ǲģڱϣϣٴô 
ʱһһȥˣҲ֪˶ãô˲һæôضԷ˻˵ôγɺӦ 
ǴϲؿоˣȻرںж죬ôĹҲܱҪãֻرڲ֪ж񣬵ܴܺ 
ô죿Ҷһ֪˵ 
ҪƳرڿ϶ǲеģֻҿƻһĶ 
ʲô 
һ΢𣬶پëȻ 
˭æѰܣ̫ڣһֻƾо 
ղűͱһˣ΢ 
ҪʲôҳشܣʲҲһ 
仰Ӧǣ˵ûлشʣ˭Ϊλ 
˿ղڰϢǵĽԭǲˣôرҳ·Բòֹص㻹ûشҵ⣡ 
ƺȵøˣĹѨʦңҪͼ뿪ûõģ 
ʦҵƾʲô㣿 
ĹѨɰ˸ɣԲΣΧ߸ƫҡϤ̸ĹѨĹ죬ȫֻ֪ͬϸ 
Ĺʦûг·ˣ뵽һ㣬ЦһȴûЦ 
ֿ֪ڵĸܣͬʮǰһҷǵܺ޿ӣֻ 
ʮ꣡ҺȻ뵽һ⣬Ѫˮ֮⣬ʲôûУôģгΣǿһˣ 
һʱδףȴҿЦ㲻ʬάɣ 
˵Լÿһ£Ƕһÿʱͻ°˸ǿЦһ껹һδͣ 
ǿʲôʮģʱ£ 
°ɣ°ɣͻϰߵģ˵˵ʵұЩ˶ˣΪһţȣѵͷˣ 
ֺǺһЦǰɣһ׼Ӧ˺ڰ㲻һֻǸƫۣǵֻҵķΣ 
һҵ벻վҪģ 
ţҵ֮ǰӦ˵ģ 
ˣ˵ûа֮ǰûκˣĪǡ˻һתĪǵһѪأ 
һѪأ˵мѪأ 
һа˸ĹѨһģֲڸĹҵ·ЦʱһΪˮĹѨ 
ʲô𣿡 
ǵκһѪضûģ˵ֻڶʱֽţѱӦħŪѪȥˣʱִٲ֪ŵĸѪ 
ħҸԲ˵ʲô񡯰ɣ 
ǽǶ񣬿ħ˵ߺȻߣЩ˾ιģ 
ҶʱһƤʲô 
Ҳֻ֪һ˺˵龰ȴһĥĶΣ˵ʼڼеĿ־壬ֻţͷͺģмɫľë 
ҹУѿڶ˵еҹоӣһЩŴ伮п 
벻Щ񾹻һֻҹС⴫˵еĶ 
ĬκҺȻ˵֪ͨѪ𣿡 
ûзӦԭʱѾҲһ̾ѵ˵ҺСѩעԵһ𣿡 
ҾˣζҪһԣֻĵҹС 
ԶһĹѨ֪ʶҵ˻أԭѪ档 
˿̣ŵؿǰĳرڡ 
رڻ˿¶һڵĶ͸ȷ 
ȴãûжſһرڡ 
ߣرڴˣҿ¾߾ֵҰȱ˵ȳȥ˵ 
˴ʱ䣬ڿ˵顣 
˵λʲôҸеðΪ֮һĻֻҹУ 
ԤУСѩǣҼᶨ˵ 
ر˿ȴʲôûУǶЩʧҲЩңʲôûУܱҪã 
ֻλᣬҪô˵СѩǣҪҹУ 
ҪҪԣСĵ˵ʮֿ϶˻ش 
߿ر˿һȷ˹ҺȻ˸սĸоѸռ顣ţһͺǳڼѹµĺ 
ˣиеֻҹУˣ 
һž޴ĺӰȷ˳䲻ȫ壬ܸеɢһֻ˼ʮҹбͷ˳˵Щʲô 
ңų¾߷Ѫˮ棬ȻѪˮֳʱѲݼƽˣԶҹеĹ 
žüֹͬͣˡڲѪˮ֮£ʶֻܴˮоҹеλá 
ҸеҹĪ˷ܣǰļҹѪұˮ㲨ˡأԼǴһСӻӺ˷ܱ˷ŭײرڽ˷йеĲ 
Ȼƫƫʱ 
ףôﻹһѪأһŮ˵Żˡ 
ֻһ˵˭֪ղ̫˯ˣһˣ 
һ˵᲻г· 
ԭͰͨ˵ĳرڴˣֻû뵽˾Ȼ˯ˣڰҹз˳עҪ˵İ 
ҹзһͺ𣬺ٴγ˷ܣ 
䣡 
ĹѨʼҡΣһߴ϶뵽˵ġæʾԵҡһ⣬ҹбæҺͳ¾Сѩƶ 
СѩھΪλйʱסϽһѪءͬʱסˣǶߵҵѣ 
˸Ѫأӹ㻺һֻӡҹкشһ£Ȼ˽ȥӱУԼ洫ϵĵһС룬ǡӭʲôġ 
ǺȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬һֱüͷҲչˣԼϣȻֲ˳ԭСѩڲҧһڡ 
ֽеҰңѩϳҵһֿЦǰ򡣡ңңˣΪҲˣ 
ҰСѩӵ뻳УûˣһжȥˣҲϳҵٴطȻǱϲӣ 
Ȼҽеǿ쿴˵ָŹֻҽУֻҹп˺飡ʱ洫һҵӴϿѸٵ̱ԱߣһϵӵӣϵúΣɴϲоˣ 
ҵһϵ״ϲɫǿȥ 
˵벻ײųҹУȻԾѵ˵⣿ 
˵գֵֻЩҲ벻ӭӵĲ񣬶ǡ񡯣 
ô£¾ߺʡ 
»Ժ˵ɣֻ֮ҹڸǿ·ǾͿþˣ˵ˣҪСģҹпɲǻģ 
ڴѪؼյĸоҲ۵ùǺ 
ҿЩӣҴ 
ܣֻضǲ֫ϽţѪ߰ߣһأΨû࣬ҹϲģ 
ֶ֮࣬ҹееޱ𺶣 
һֻʮҹԱУ˴棬˵˾Ͳˣ붼ĺҿʼԼһʱ嶯ųҹУ 
һһʮһҹУ 
ǰû·ˣͻȻͣͨ 
ֻȥץһһʣܲҵô뿪ӵ· 
˭˵Ļ 
Ҷ㣡߹ȥ˵ 
ǺãҺȥˣšҽҺһȥץˡ 
ǿŷݵǽڵ壬ʱʱͿһ߲ȱȫʬڵϡҪҹɱˣ 
һҷǰԺĲҽǰţ￴ȥ 
ֻһֻֻţֻڵϣֻԣͷǹͺͺģмɫľëǾǴѪܳģǵŵҹУ 
ֻҹһСƽӾҪҧˣʱһʮϺһľҪȥֻޡ 
ҹͻȻתſѪĴڣϺϺľ˵ϣԼҲȥð㣬ŹҵŮɣ 
ҹбֻҰޣ˻˼ʮ꣬ľǽʳ 
ҼֻҹŴ˿ڣ͵سϺȥæȥóϵذףһǹıϣ 
˵ҹпţϺת 
ҼæһȥֻҹйͣһǱץһ£ 
ǳȥҶԳȥҺ 
ҹбѪʮʹԲŷұ£ֻƴһˣ 
ҾһȥһΣûУҹвϰݣҡ 
ҳ˻ƵץסβͣһȻһȥ 
ҹصˤǽϣסһҽСֵ˵ϡ͵ 
ҹлǿ 
ˤ֮󣬼ϱϰһҹжѾη塣Ŵ죬Ժšȴҿ 
ŵ׼ȥû뵽ǸϺſںҪ˺ҪⱨӦģ 
ǵֻһֻ˵Ұޣҳſں 
ϺƺҪһгҡҺס 
ֻҹҲ˻ſڱȥ 
ϺŮƴߡҹٶ죬ȥߵצץסϺŮڵϣſھҧ 
Ϻعȥ󺰵񰡣㲻˺񣡡 
һ嵽ֻҹк棬ٸһҹ۵ܲˣ̧ͷղҽУص 
ŵͱ£ֻҹʹСŮѾӵܵүүߡ 
û°ɣ 
СŮ˵û¡ 
ץҹеӣȻƴһߵǽȥ 
ǽϱҳһӣҹ䵽ϣվһݣȥץβͣȻϺ¡ 
ֻﵹڵϣˣû 
Ϻʱ˵ҪİëϣֻаŻ 
ҼæܹȥҧҡҸɴٸһȻİë 
 
ԭϺȻǴ峤ҹбų֮ҧдֻʣ´峤Ůˡ 
ΪʲôҪֻҰ޵һعš峤˵ǵϴĹأҹȻ顣 
ڴ˶ˣҪЩʲôá 
峤ָ˳ȥ·Ȱһ뿪˵ļңȥܵȥ 
Ѱ·߳˴ӡ·ҪûָһҲ 
Һͳ¾˵Сѩԣ˵ټ 
ǳһһ֣һȥ 
 




һһʮ ˿ͼϣ

       ȷʵѾε˲ʱ䣬ҲѾȥ˲ٵطҺͳ¾߾ر ҹĻ𳵣𳵿վʱո 
Ǵӳֱ˶ĺͬ 
ƿյķţһϤĸоʱ 
¾߰ƬеλãҰýӡ 
Թ緹ȥݷϺʹһˣ˵ذʼɡ 
ˣʦɺã 
żߵʱԴһɽˣʱǲƭѾȥˣڰѻԽҴƺû˼ɴƭ͵װɡ 
˵áϺ϶˰ɣ 
Ц˵ɶλҿҵˡмҪһȥôһ·ͦ۰ɣвȻȥϢ 
û£ʲô¾˵ظ˵ 
ȻҾֱ˵ˡû˵˿ͼ 
˿ͼû 
һֱõ˿ͼ޼֮Ǭ¡үù͢ʦİƥһ˿ͼǬ¡֮⸱䵽䣬һֱûһҵõϢ˵˿ͼڶĳղؼ 
ºð찡ԽүĲֻҪҵˣ 
Ұѻ˵꣬ǸղؼҰѰ˿ͼˡ 
ˣô£ 
ȷе˵Ӧñ͵ˣһҲû£ͣ˭Ҫһذ˿ͼԸóл 
žҵǰ˿ͼҲòְû˼ҡ 
Ҹɶѵģ㿴ɶ 
ⶫɲңһûС 
޷ɡ 
ǲǿǮôģ 
˵ģǵǮҡеѿˣֻðѵ㵽һǲңʹ컰 
Ϻ𣬿ܲܰ㰡 
զôģϺģ˼ңhirlyء 
һ㡭 
˭һȥˣ㲻ȥɲ˼Ǻþƺòк㣡 
ʵ벻ȥɶɲȥˣֻôӦ˵ðɺðɣæҰˣ 
һóҵϡ 
̸һҴҳ˼ҡ 
һһʮ°˿ͼ 
ҰѴҪҰȥҰ˿ͼ¸¾˵˵ 
ƺеûʹӦˣջصҪ뿪е㲻Ը⡣ 
ֻú˵ҵܿ첻ͻ𣬷İɣܾõġ 
ŴӦһȥһ˶һӦܱǿô˵Ҳһ˫۾һλܶ࿴ 
Һͳ¾һҴʲôʱ 
˵ȥˣеµˡҪû¸ɣȥϺǰһӻᵽҡ 
ûȥϺǵ˼԰гȥתתȻв̯кܶѾס 
һ̯Ͽһ̺Ǹö̯ǸˣֱӸⶫƷֹֻ̫ˣֲ١ 
˵ģ߱ԼǼٻ 
˵ڴҶͬеķϣҲͲˡ 
ôʶңȴһҲʶ 
˵˼԰Ҷ֪Ϻʹ㾭һ飬Ȼͳˡ 
ô˵һմǵĹ⣿ 
Ҵ˼԰˳Ȼ󣬿Ƕ˵˼԰׽ģǵԼһ˼԰Ϻʹǡ˵Ѿȥܾˣʱÿ찡 
˼԰һ¾ɣ߻˼ 
󣬴꣬һ϶ 
ڻϿ׷ɵİѩƺѾоĺˡߵ֪䰡Ǽֱ캮ض 
ȸԵǱӣһŵƴµҿ¾ߺʹƺԺӦԱǿһñӵ͵Цҵıӱͨ죬ǻЦó 
ǵ˹һ£׼ȥǸղؼңһȷһǷô£˽һǰ˿ͼʲôӣĻԿܷʲôһ˶ҲҪǷԸŵԡͷƭ˺ͱƭ𽥿ʼйСһȽϺáȻ˴ȴһǲŽԩ 
һһʮ°˿ͼ 
ҵǸղؼҲ£Ҳȷ˵ȷô£ܰһذ˿ͼԸĳͣԸ⽫˿ͼġһ͡ 
ԭǸĻңֲóôߵļǮһ 
ô˵ġ˵ڼ֮ǰһѼԼķűˣ߽ȥһĶŵúúõģֻǸղ˺ܾõİ˿ͼȴˡ֮ʲôҲûﻹżǧǮ 
ֱʲôҲûУûУ˵ͽ˾ôãҲûһϢ뵽ͣѾмҹˡ 
ô˵ǻúͱ˾˭ҵǸͼ 
˿ͼҵ游Ӱ˹ĶмֵǬ¡ʵ֮⸱Ҳ񵽵£ͬ顣ؼԺҲһֱǷ粨ϡҪ⸱ͼ̫ˣһҴ׸ݣΪе䱦ɣǸղؼҵĻǺܴĹ裬ҵ⸱Ϊ㹱ס 
ҳ᲻ǸѸĹȥԷȻ˰Ǹ 
һԲʲô 
Ұҵ뷨˵˳пܣǾȥղؼҵѣܵõ 
ǷҺȻһ磬Ȼ˺Ĵ£Եֵ䰡ҸоҵıӶ첻ҵˡ 
¾ߵݸһţ㰡Ӧİɡҵֵˡ 
ҪбԹһֱֱؿңǹʵںţҵıƺöˣоҲˡһǷ˶ı 
ڣһоůůҾͷ·õһ㡣 
̫ˣڲܶˡͷϣúһůĸо 
¾߰ŷԭҲܺá 
㿴ʲôҶое㲻˼ 
ûСǸɶȥ˰ 
ǰⲻ˵𣿡 
ŶҲˡ 
㿴㣬СƵģﻹףҰ˰ɣ 
õġ¾߹ףǴ̫ˣòʱˡ 
Ӵûǰɣ 
ûУûСæش¾Щ΢ذҵõ¼ϹҺˡ 
һ£εΪҰ˿ͼһᵽɽȥһˡ˵﷢峯ĺüүĹĶ٣ 
ûⰡ𵹶Ĺǰ 
Ҿ֪ˬ죬һǰ˿ͼһɽ㿴в 
ȫƾүһ仰 
ãǾôˡȻǱ߶ˣְĽ¶˳˷š 
һһʮ°˿ͼģ 
ҵǸղؼ˵ѣʵغĶţԲЩС˸ɵ¡ 
Ҫҵ˿ͼһˣñȴ롣 
Ҹ˵ǻȵɽȥɣǸʲô˿ͼһҵġ 
˵ҲãȵɽȻٻҰ˿ͼ 
ǴӹѩصĴѩԭɽĲʱ򣬴ѩɽɽ·ѩˡȥȥˣҲ 
ǽɽ֮ǰڳɽһˣϣܾǵɽȥѩֻͣȷѩͣˣߡ 
Ǹ˽󻧣˼Ҷ̫ˣŵôŰɡȻһ㶼ǴƽʱסСӣڰѩããĴɽһطܷѩ̫ѵˡ 
￾ѾûиʱԺôˣҵıѾӦ˺ 
˵ȥǴҰζʱܵĵڣӾ͸ֻСƵġ 
˵ˣǴ˺ܶԵĶ˵֪Ұζĺôǿ㣬Ҫǻ˱ˣڵءǾ͵ų԰ɡ 
ұǺ⣬涳ţû뵽з׾ΪǴܳԵһҰζȻԸð캮ضȥ 
˵Ҹһȥ¿ɰѴͳ¾߶ˣ˵Ǳܵ˵ˣ˼ȥȥ𰡣ֲǶˣܲ⺮ҪǶ˿զ졣֮һɣȥ 
Ц˵Űɣһû£ܹˣ˵Ϳ˳ȥ 
˲ã͹ЦŻˡ϶򵽶ˡȻһžͼִַֻʵҰá 
ֻľذһӣһ߷ǹϵѩǶæզˣأôɵƵġ 
ѪĶǼˣֻӣҪȥǵƤȻڻϿ˳ԣ²֡ 
ҲбӣȥֻӡЦȣԭѪˣǾ͵ųԾˣһж 
¾ʱıҴһһֻ˵Ǻӣַ׳һɽͷģǼƷ 
⻰Ĵָ˵ʶģӣǹˣÿ㣬·Ūˣ 
¾ߵǵʲã˵һֻһһֻ 
ãǾˣ 
ֻӷľϣõӴмѶʿȻƤëӵӣöĶ磬һͰһֻˡ 
¾Ǳ߻ڱ׾ذƤѾõӹڻˡ⣬ȻվһĴȣеãҰñˣ 
 




һһʮ°˿ͼ

       ҰѴҪҰȥҰ˿ͼ¸¾˵˵ 
ƺеûʹӦˣջصҪ뿪е㲻Ը⡣ 
ֻú˵ҵܿ첻ͻ𣬷İɣܾõġ 
ŴӦһȥһ˶һӦܱǿô˵Ҳһ˫۾һλܶ࿴ 
Һͳ¾һҴʲôʱ 
˵ȥˣеµˡҪû¸ɣȥϺǰһӻᵽҡ 
ûȥϺǵ˼԰гȥתתȻв̯кܶѾס 
һ̯Ͽһ̺Ǹö̯ǸˣֱӸⶫƷֹֻ̫ˣֲ١ 
˵ģ߱ԼǼٻ 
˵ڴҶͬеķϣҲͲˡ 
ôʶңȴһҲʶ 
˵˼԰Ҷ֪Ϻʹ㾭һ飬Ȼͳˡ 
ô˵һմǵĹ⣿ 
Ҵ˼԰˳Ȼ󣬿Ƕ˵˼԰׽ģǵԼһ˼԰Ϻʹǡ˵Ѿȥܾˣʱÿ찡 
˼԰һ¾ɣ߻˼ 
󣬴꣬һ϶ 
ڻϿ׷ɵİѩƺѾоĺˡߵ֪䰡Ǽֱ캮ض 
ȸԵǱӣһŵƴµҿ¾ߺʹƺԺӦԱǿһñӵ͵Цҵıӱͨ죬ǻЦó 
ǵ˹һ£׼ȥǸղؼңһȷһǷô£˽һǰ˿ͼʲôӣĻԿܷʲôһ˶ҲҪǷԸŵԡͷƭ˺ͱƭ𽥿ʼйСһȽϺáȻ˴ȴһǲŽԩ 



һһʮ°˿ͼ

       ҵǸղؼҲ£Ҳȷ˵ȷô£ܰһذ˿ͼԸĳͣԸ⽫˿ͼġһ͡ 
ԭǸĻңֲóôߵļǮһ 
ô˵ġ˵ڼ֮ǰһѼԼķűˣ߽ȥһĶŵúúõģֻǸղ˺ܾõİ˿ͼȴˡ֮ʲôҲûﻹżǧǮ 
ֱʲôҲûУûУ˵ͽ˾ôãҲûһϢ뵽ͣѾмҹˡ 
ô˵ǻúͱ˾˭ҵǸͼ 
˿ͼҵ游Ӱ˹ĶмֵǬ¡ʵ֮⸱Ҳ񵽵£ͬ顣ؼԺҲһֱǷ粨ϡҪ⸱ͼ̫ˣһҴ׸ݣΪе䱦ɣǸղؼҵĻǺܴĹ裬ҵ⸱Ϊ㹱ס 
ҳ᲻ǸѸĹȥԷȻ˰Ǹ 
һԲʲô 
Ұҵ뷨˵˳пܣǾȥղؼҵѣܵõ 
ǷҺȻһ磬Ȼ˺Ĵ£Եֵ䰡ҸоҵıӶ첻ҵˡ 
¾ߵݸһţ㰡Ӧİɡҵֵˡ 
ҪбԹһֱֱؿңǹʵںţҵıƺöˣоҲˡһǷ˶ı 
ڣһоůůҾͷ·õһ㡣 
̫ˣڲܶˡͷϣúһůĸо 
¾߰ŷԭҲܺá 
㿴ʲôҶое㲻˼ 
ûСǸɶȥ˰ 
ǰⲻ˵𣿡 
ŶҲˡ 
㿴㣬СƵģﻹףҰ˰ɣ 
õġ¾߹ףǴ̫ˣòʱˡ 
Ӵûǰɣ 
ûУûСæش¾Щ΢ذҵõ¼ϹҺˡ 
һ£εΪҰ˿ͼһᵽɽȥһˡ˵﷢峯ĺüүĹĶ٣ 
ûⰡ𵹶Ĺǰ 
Ҿ֪ˬ죬һǰ˿ͼһɽ㿴в 
ȫƾүһ仰 
ãǾôˡȻǱ߶ˣְĽ¶˳˷š 



һһʮ°˿ͼģ

       ҵǸղؼ˵ѣʵغĶţԲЩС˸ɵ¡ Ҫҵ˿ͼһˣñȴ롣 
Ҹ˵ǻȵɽȥɣǸʲô˿ͼһҵġ 
˵ҲãȵɽȻٻҰ˿ͼ 
ǴӹѩصĴѩԭɽĲʱ򣬴ѩɽɽ·ѩˡȥȥˣҲ 
ǽɽ֮ǰڳɽһˣϣܾǵɽȥѩֻͣȷѩͣˣߡ 
Ǹ˽󻧣˼Ҷ̫ˣŵôŰɡȻһ㶼ǴƽʱסСӣڰѩããĴɽһطܷѩ̫ѵˡ 
￾ѾûиʱԺôˣҵıѾӦ˺ 
˵ȥǴҰζʱܵĵڣӾ͸ֻСƵġ 
˵ˣǴ˺ܶԵĶ˵֪Ұζĺôǿ㣬Ҫǻ˱ˣڵءǾ͵ų԰ɡ 
ұǺ⣬涳ţû뵽з׾ΪǴܳԵһҰζȻԸð캮ضȥ 
˵Ҹһȥ¿ɰѴͳ¾߶ˣ˵Ǳܵ˵ˣ˼ȥȥ𰡣ֲǶˣܲ⺮ҪǶ˿զ졣֮һɣȥ 
Ц˵Űɣһû£ܹˣ˵Ϳ˳ȥ 
˲ã͹ЦŻˡ϶򵽶ˡȻһžͼִַֻʵҰá 
ֻľذһӣһ߷ǹϵѩǶæզˣأôɵƵġ 
ѪĶǼˣֻӣҪȥǵƤȻڻϿ˳ԣ²֡ 
ҲбӣȥֻӡЦȣԭѪˣǾ͵ųԾˣһж 
¾ʱıҴһһֻ˵Ǻӣַ׳һɽͷģǼƷ 
⻰Ĵָ˵ʶģӣǹˣÿ㣬·Ūˣ 
¾ߵǵʲã˵һֻһһֻ 
ãǾˣ 
ֻӷľϣõӴмѶʿȻƤëӵӣöĶ磬һͰһֻˡ 
¾Ǳ߻ڱ׾ذƤѾõӹڻˡ⣬ȻվһĴȣеãҰñˣ 
 



һһʮ ɽĹ

       ѩѾС˽˳ɽڡ ںĻѩ֮ϣҪȥûϥǣ͵ˡһֱ£̫ˡ 
¾ߺʹҲòȥ·࣬ǣһֻӼǹΪعҹġ 
ֻǹѾѩƬѩﵹͰܲˡҪûǴ·Ҳ߲Ƭ֡ 
߳ӣֻǹͽ 
ǰʲô㿴ӡǷʲô 
ܣƴסҪǰܵǹﲻϺСĵ㣬ܲҪܣԸŴҼǰߡ 
ǲżϥѩأɽȥ˵ЩĹɽѾԶˡ 
ȻǱˣԳɽҲϤΣڻû 
ҷų¾ߣĺ棬󡣲ŻѪ˲֪ԶֻǹȻҵؽ 
пȥֻһñѩѹĴԣһֻɫܣ߶ 
ֻܿȥʲô͵ĶԶȥֱַ׾ӣɰġ 
ǹеúףƺҪϳ壬ȥƴŽʱֻҲѾǡ 
ǹֹͣ˽лͻȻ˳ǹǱ 
һǹ֮ۿˣֻܵȥ 
̫ˣˣ¾߸˵֡ 
Ҳֵ졣 
˭ֻ֪ܣڵϴ˸ѪǱֿһǹûֻܡ 
ҪǹȻûӵˡӵȥӣĶǼľһԴѽԣ 
Ҳ֪ΪɶȻ鴫 
ֻҪܿҪܵǸǰˣЩţܲܣ 
ֿ˿ٿܣ¾߾һߣܰ 
ǼûܣҲ֪˶Զ󿴿ֻܸû׷ǹܲ˶ԶѾˡ 
׼Ӹղ߹·ԱƹȥȻҪһ·ܺùܡȥ棬Ըߵ· 
ƹܣϾҪﳤɽĵشˡ 
ѩƺøˣÿһҪѺõҷų¾ߣҲһѣһ飬ڰɽš 
ҲЩѩϣоԽԽߵһȥǶѩĵطҺȻýºȿƵģͣûȵüô£һѩµȥ 
ҵıǱʲôסˣûµ뷭ץסɡ±˴󺰣ҪΣգ 
һ֪ţʮܡ 
ôˣ 
û£Ǵ¾أ 
Ҫȥӣ취¾ҪȥţҲ֪ûˤš 
ȥˣһת۾Ϳ¾վѾϣƺҪҡ 
Ҹȥһʧȥƽ⣬ȥ 
ҸоѹһʲôĶһԭѹסˡҸæȥ㿴磬Բסˣ 
û£û¡ 
û뵽ôǿ׳Ҳˡ̧ͷĵطԭô֦⣬һ滹ѩֲҾǵ˴ƵģֻŴû˸ȥ˯ 
ﰡҿܶϺ˸ƵģǾǴͷġӦѩ̫ڶϣγһ޴ĸӣڸˡҪǲСĲȵһ©˭Ҳᷢ 
ôǴɽˣɽǱ취ȥ 
ǹˣšˣܻͷɣ 
¾ߴϵѩ˵ֿңû°ɣұȥģ˭뵽 
û£û¡ 
ô찡ѵҪ˳ȥ˵ 
ȵɣ֪ڳɽʲôط 
ѽҵǹˣ˺óʱ䣬찡ȻˡҲǹȻڵϿǴҶûϵġһֵĴүǣΪһֻȻڵϿˣǿӣ̲סЦ˳ 



һһʮ°ɽĹ

       ܶİ֣ûҶӣֱֱģֻʣ´ִɡǽŻѩ⣬š ϰ죬Ҳȥ· 
鷳ˣɽô󣬱·ߣϵ÷򣬿ôһˤ˭Ҳ֪һʱ䣬ͷӬһͷײ 
˵·ߵģҲû뵽һ֪ĵطߵóȥ߲ȥһ⣬˵ѰʲôĹˡ 
ûдʳǹûӵϳеӡֵ֮⣬Ķûɶá 
ĵĲǴһӣߵýƣһֹѩǿô죿ѩһɽǳȥ˵Ƿѩ˭ܳŵס 
ǵؾҸĵطԷһ 
ããɽҪҸȫֿɿĶܷѩĵط̸ף 
ߵʵǲˣһӶڵϣһϲˡ 
Ӵҵ죬ôȥҵȶˡˣҶˣҲñȸǻ 
ⷬͣӳ¾Ҳ첻ˡԴʧǹ˾ǵ˻Ƶģһֱ˵һ仰 
߹ȥĴļ˵үɱôۣǿɶָŴ߳ȥأǵľ֧Ҫǵˣô⼸˻л·𣿡 
ңЦһ˵ţ㣬ҴǷˣ߷һѣǼߣ 
ŴվϵѩһһظŴҼˡ 
· 
ҪҸܷѩĵطҲǲܣǾҪүۣòۼҵ 
Щ֮ڷһɽȥһ湻ĸ¡ 
ڲĵطˣٹδ籩Ҳ¡ʱסˣҸһ󡣿ûãͱεֿˡ 
ܲ˶ģӵҵıӴûù¾ǸŮңʲүǣܵʮʮȵĵ£ 
ٿƺڶˡʼܳŵסʱһãȻվֶšʱŷĽſܶˡ 
զôأ߶Žţ߱ԹƬ֮߳˵ĵһ仰 
ܲˡûʲôģȻԼ𵽸֦Ͼѵ޻֮ 
֮£ҽдұһȡů¾ǸŮģȻұţһٱ¸оůһ㡣 
Ȼֹ˴ѩѩƬ˶˶ڡ 
¾ϼ˼ҿǲǸе䡣·øߣ۾ҵ˵ͷ 
ʱҲĶ̫󣬰Ǽһ߼ȥˡͷҲûصض˵үڸɶأǲô󶯾 
鿪Ц˵أ 
ӣʲôӣܳ𣿡 
ʲôӵģͶ¾һЦЦȻ˵˵ˣˡϾͳˣ 
Ҳ֪ҵʲôǷֿתȥҵʲô 
ԭǼ 
ǼץסƵģ㿴ңҿ㣬϶¶ϲõı顣 
˵ү㻹۵ľ֧Ҫû⼸ҶԸˣҶԴǸмˣлûǲĺӣҲֻǰ׸һ 
⣬·ҲܲţǴҲ֪ 
˭أ 
ȻǴҵģǾɡŴһСĵ·ԣȻһӲȥ 
Ұ۾Ǹͷ׷Ѿˣľͷȴûеš 
û£үأҿŴʮֱǸӣο˵ 
һûšһûȼ 
´ʼɥˣŴң˵ʲôҲû˵ 
⣬ǴִƣҪ 
Ļ˿˻ȥ 
ɣֻˣһһ˭Ҹģȳȥ֮Ҵһǵүؿ 
ˣҴͬһطǶֵܽһ׽ҪǳȥˣԺˣ 
ԣˣҵĻ 
¾Ҳ˵԰үǹѰ 
ãһһҰѻ񷢸ңϵһһң¾ߺ 
ԼжصƵģɵһ 
Ǹϸ룬Ҫţ£һܵţ漣 
ҿ¾ߣƺ̫ȥǸ￴šҪ·ϲҽȵȡ 
ʵզˣ 
˵һһزں϶ѵţ·Ͼ͸ˡҿһ𣬲ŵĻҪЩ 
Ҷɵؿңκ˵⡭̫СҲҪȥɣ 
ҽӹǸ񣬰һ𣬳¾ҲǸҡ 
յһ飬ҿ˿Ҵ·ʡ 
ү鷳ѱת·һ£ 
ѱת˹ҰѸɲƵߣԱȼ֮Ѳȼ 
Ҳû룬һ£ڴϲȥˡ 
ֻꡱ½һһȼ 
ҰȼŵĻյɲϣһͰǵˡ 
Ǹ˵ľж˷ˡ 
ȼյĻ棬ֿ˻ţлл㣬ۼɶģԺҶǳ׷ˣ 
ҿƺҪ޵˵˵⻰ɶղž߲˵۶ǹѵģ 
ǰѣˬ˵ 
ΧڻԣȻöӶˡߴŶóָһԡºˣ±ˡ 



һһʮ°ɽĹ

       㰾һϡ 
ڶѩڹΡѩͣʱһξǸ¡һʱҶейòȼΪǹθͣĴѩˡ 
˵õȷѩͣˣֻҪСȥܿ巽ܴ߳ȥ´ϣŴѩС 
ߵĸɲˣڸҲҲ֦ʲôˣһЩʪĺͰɵ֦ѾܲˡǰڻϣһǺ˵Ӿð˳ 
Ҷܲˡ׷ŲߵܲȥԽԽ 
ʵܲˣƹѣ濿Ȼ䣬ҾñǺǿЩ 
˵զûѩεأһ˶һЩѩ֮⣬ѾûзѩƬˡڴ˴գĴѩѾѩˡ 
æߵ˵籩ͣˣͣˣ 
Ͻܵ⿴ 
ҶǸɽߡ 
ѾȥҹĹˣҪȻųȥȷѩ׹ȥ֮ٽҡ˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻδ簡 
ԸΥЩ˺ܾãʼûҵȥ·Ҳһͬٻ߳ȥ·类ѩˡ 
һûѩмѵߡ 
ҪһֻҰãǿľˡ 
Ӿȥ׽Լôʢˡ׷ֻӺ棬ôҲȥ 
ߣҲ֪ȻҵЩɽĹĹ 
ֻһﲻˡҲͿʯ 
ŶﾹȻǿʵ۵ĵܵܡĹأĹϵ˵ 
ɽΪַ꣬Ǵƴģû뵽峯ҲĹ 
ţҡͳ¾һĹ 
ȥ֮һšҪȥȵùšţƲҿͳ¾ߣҡҡͷ 
ô죿һŶȥ˵ 
Ǿڵ 
꽨ɽУڵڽȥ𣿡 
û·ɣ 
ðɡҵ 
ʲôҲû֡־ۼǰ 
ڰɣܸɴ˵ 
һָӦÿڡãھڣ 
òŵԱߣ 
뵱ʱҲһһڳһһ¸ڳҾͲŽȥ 
ĵڵʯͷɽڵǰûɹҪ˲ˣȴʯͷǰ 
˴Լһ˵Ҳһأǰûɹڵ¡˵УͰվһ߿ôڡ 
ڵ˺ܳʱ䣬ۿĹԶѾˣƲҲõźˣҿʼĹŵķڣҲ˵൱˸״ĵƵĹź档 
ټֻ̣ҪǲӲӲҲܽĹСʷвӣʼﳤǣϣֵܹס֣Ͳгǵĵطжսʱڣ޽ߣųƼޱȣû˭ܹƣ¹ӴԱȥֱӽ衣ڵһġ 
˲ʱ䣬ԼоҪͨˡһǰѾɶˣеԼµ 
ȻȻʯͷ 
ͳ¾һʯͷôʯͷأҰΧʯͷƽģӦĹԵĹʯ 
ʯͷãܿգ˵ʯͷҿʼʯͷϣȴ 
ʯͷһһرõѾʯͷÿ˴ԼָһС˳ǸСãѶһȭͷСʿܽĹˡ 
Ǹ 
̫ˣϣˣû˵˵ 
ЪϢһ°ɡ¾溰 
Ӷ˳Ҳ˳ȥ 
ǴѲк󸣰쳣ضԳ¾˵ 
ҰڵϣĹ 
ȥɣһ档 
ȥЪš¾ߴӽһĹ˳ȥ 
һˡ 
һ͹Ц˵ֻԣųǿˣ 
ҿǣֻǹǼһ˼£ϵѩƬ׷˦ϸߡҸϽֵǰҲһ߶㡣 
Ц˵ţôķѩҲûһȮԺͽȮˣ 
ϢһһصǸѸղŵǸСʵǸɶô 
¾Ц˵ȥƣܲҵʲô 
ŶԭǽҴǽΪⰡ 
ǰˡ 
ûɶɶ 
ѾѶ󵽿Խˡڻȱһȥ̽· 
˿ֻǹһ˵ֵܣܲܽĹһ£ 
һҪĹæʵҪʲôɲóԣ 
˭ҪǴҴ· 
·Ŷû⡫ͬĹŽȥˡ 
ѹǣʯͷϣǹһ˽ȥ 
ڶڽеȵȣȮȵңŹӣûסǹȽȥˡĸȺǸڼ˽ȥ 
ߵǵźߣֵգյúʵΧ˵ͭǽڣҪǵŽǰը顣ǴԱڵķ˽ݾ 
ĹһԲ·ĹƾżֵֻͲĹǰǰ棬ǻǹȮɰȮҵĹԹԣ 
¾Ц˵ڻ 
ͦ棬еִҵ˼˵أȮºˣʲô·ֲˣ 
˵ĹӦòʲôΣյģһҵ 
ǾͿ߰ɣ 
Ĺһξ룬Ĺһ߷һЩ̳̳޹ޣֵͲȥоһ˵峯ĶǮ 
ҽȱЩȥ˵ 



һһʮŰɽĹģ

       ˳Ĺ˺ܳһξ룬ǰֳһšǵŵĽһĹ͢һģһûзסȫ߹ȥ 
⵹֣Ҳǵ޽Ĺڳȥʱ˷š飬ˣҪɱͷġ 
Ⱥǵ߹ǰڤڻĹǰһȻһСæȮȮ 
ֻһǹٽˡҶûǴ﷢ġ 
ǰߣֻĹһ춯žͷɳ 
ҷ׷׶㵽һߣЩĹ˺ܾãǽŷȥ 
ö𰡡¾̧ͷ˿˵ 
Ĺﾭණġ 
ֻЩЩ֣㷢ûУǵ۾Ǻģ 
ҵûע⣬һɳĹҶֻĴײ 
۾֣۾ôأǲʵ 
ҲŲʲôֻۣҪҵǹ·ͷ˵ 
˵ȻĹִУشҶǴﴫˡֻĹ̫ǰ赲ǹ 
ǹУźţдķȥ 
Ҳֵȥ 
û߼ֻţȮҧң 
һĹȻҧԼˣңҵ㣬ʵšǴֵǰߣ˹ 
ھȣͿǹ׷ 
ҧңҲɱ˳⣡ 
һĹҧЦͿֻǱƺ˾Ҫҧ 
ܰ 
ֻܹҷ׷ǸĹĹȻܴ󣬵Ͼռޣһֻ͵Ĵǹ׷ĸܣת۾ͰѴɢˡ 
ҶһȥպܹסĵطסֵͲ 
ԼԼʲôҿܿû춯ΪûˣʹֵͲһգֻǹҲҵͷ¿ҿ۾ˡ 
ʱֻǹ͵ſѪڣ¶˳Ҽæֵ磬ֻץסǹǰצ˵¡ 
ҵȥ˲䣬һӲһ¡һѵҿֻǹҧæһƣƿȥ 
ȻѸٴǰذףȥһͱǹĶϣٽһ¡ǹжûһȥˡ 
ҴڵЪһȻϵֵͲֻǹաĶϱҺݺݵͱһƺѾӱϴ˳ղһʱ鼱ֵȷ̫ˡ 
Ҫ֪ɱǹһʣô졣ƭ˵ֻǽĵطȥˡ 
ţ¾ܹǹɱˣ 
ʱҲˣһǹڵϣһܹǹҵȮôˡ˼ûӦȻ 
ĿĹ𣬿޵ÿġ 
֪ǳϲֻǹҰɱô˵ҲõǸȥ˵ղƴҧңΪ˾ԼŰɱˡ̫ˡ 
˭ɱ˵ģ㡭⣡СƵģ¾Ҳһ˵˰ɣҲΪ˾Լ˭֪ǹôͷ˷㲻Ǳҧ𣬻ҧǵء 
ˣˡҽг¾߱˵ˡ 
Ĩ˼ᣬǹڵϣ󲻿ˡȥ߰ɡֻ˵˭ҧ˵ģãͺúôɣˣ 
ǵĹм䣬ûзֹ餡 
Ҷ֣ôûйأ 
¾ߺȻǰеﻹһ鱮 
߹ȥ˿дģûʶ˵Ҫ鱮ˣҿûй餡 
ûһ˵ҵһ߹ȥˡСһǶ͵ڵˡǸϿֵͲźҡ 
ﵽңȴʲôҲûҵ 
˵ǲˤˣղͦġ 
˵ûаˤôƬˡ¾ߺΧ˹ 
Χһҿ 
ûа⵽ȥˣҶұˡŴȥҲߵǰҡղֻǿһۣҲû 
Ա˵ɶ˵صȥˡ 
ҶúЦῪЦôԵ޹صȥ 
Ҳûţ᲻Ǹʲôҡ 
ѾһߣֵͲĴҡ¾߽һȥҡ˵˰ɣҪȥȥɡ 
Ц˵˭˵ҲҾҪȥܲҵ 
˺þãûҵˣҰ 
˵ү㷸Ϊô⣬ô󾢣ֵ𣿡 
Ƕ˶˭˵ʲôҲҪҰ 
û취ҪҾҰɡȡ 
˲ӣվǸǵطƺɵģܿ˸ӡ 
û뵽ڵˡ 
ȥǶǹײġ 
¿ɰѴҸˣײĲм䣬ôˣ 
ѹײΧȻҪѹײĴ򿪡 
վ̽צȥæ 
ײĺܿͱÿˡһ߰׹ǣʲôûС 
ѵ˵Ѿˣ 
ܡҲıֻһʬɡ˵ⲢĹ˵Ĺ餡ͺͲʣҲȷô˵ҲǻʼĹ 
ҿ˿Ǿ߰׹ǣûʲôر𣬾߿ˡ¾ߺվһԿš 
ϸǾ߰׹ǣûţ˵жɥôãһǼܣǰ׷ѹ򰡣 
ҪǾ߰׹ǺȻӹײץסš 
 
һһ߰׹ץסˣæȥ 
Ǿ߰׹סĲӣҪˡƴһǾ߰׹ǵצˣȻһŲȥĹǼܲȵϡá 
йȥֲ˼ų׽Ǿ߰׹ǲȵķ顣 
Ǹӣڵϴ 
û°ɣҡҡͷ 
ЪϢһ 



һٶʮ°ɽĹ壩

       ǳмңͨһ߷һҡȻСȴżڴĹײġ ײô 
˭Ҳ֪ŵʱĹ˻ûüһУʹҴææȥȻִæĹŷˣֻĹһҪĹ˭Ҳ֪ô¡ֻܺҲ²һ¡ 
ЩײҪ𣿡¾ʵ 
ղų˵ﻹе㵣ģ˵ܲ򿪾ͲҪ򿪰ɣҲûʲôһҪܳüӣǻ 
Ĺ˻ûҵ˵棬¾˵ 
Ұ̽צҲе㵣ģСĵ㡣 
һײģһЩΣȴûʬ塣ЦҲɵۣЩ׼ߡ 
¾ִһײģһѵûʬ塣еĹײĶˣһһ澵ӣһŵľȻֻȥǹ 
ɰѴһûʬ壬Ϊɶżڹײ 
Ȼ˼һģ 
ʲôһģĪʵ 
Ǵ໥˿ɣѵľ߹ײΪ׼ģ 
ٿĶӣȥǹҺë 
ҿŴҾȵı飬æʰö˵ߣط̫аš 
˵꣬ĸײĺȻһһ׷ 
̫ܵһײ˽ȥȻײĸӾͺˡ 
Ҹȥ¾ߣֱֻװȥˡһһײҲҷ˹Ҷװ˹ײ 
ڹײײ˼£ûзӦȻоײΧʼҡƺ䡣һ䣬ǰذ׻ڣæͳڹײϴ 
ǸײıҴһȻһȭΧľĴ˳ 
ǸײһϣѾа˵¡ 
濴ȥĸײĶһ治֪ĸĸһһѹײĴãȰѴҵˣ˳ȻײıƺǺ˷ܡ 
ֻʣһײˣ϶ǳ¾ߡߵǸݵĹײǰʼľ塣 
ǹײҴˣ¾ε档Ұֻ۱ţѵǱˣ 
˹Ҷǳĳ¾ߣ֪ʲô£ΪʲôѲ 
ǽһ󣬳¾ʼûѹ 
Ĵ㣺᲻ǡˣ 
ܣײȻصúܽ滹ǿԺġص 
Ҽ¾Ѳô£˵һ취ȥµġ̽һĺ˵ֻιȥˣһʱѲʲôʱ˭Ҳ˵׼ 
ұϳ¾ߣʹǳʱĶȥ 
ߵҵǼǰʱһʯŹˡ 
ܿ㣬Ź֮ǰܳȥȴûüʯţûСǿʯǳ񣬺Ѵ򿪡Ҫ濪ǲܵˡ 
 



һٶʮһ ˿ͼ

       ǻصĹңʼѰĳ· Թ˵طҪˡ 
Ҳ˵ԼýֻǸǴ·ģҪǶ಻ֵðûȢϱء 
ұų¾ߣûʲôҲ˵ֱĹ飬ǰҲûΣն˵Ѿϰߵ¡ڳ¾ѲҵĶˣɣܺһԾԧҲֵˡұҪ˵öࡣ 
׻˵޾֮·ȻˣͨĩβһԲ 
̫ˣҴþ 
Цᶼˡ 
ǽǸڣûԶ˵һ߰׹ǡСشԱ߹ͻȻҧƵġ 
ǰ˲ʮף˴еʬǣΪ¡ײûʬ壬ԭѾ֪ˡ 
Ǵֵ磬ǰߣΨһĳ·ûߵͷ֮ǰ˭ҲԸͣ 
ҷⶴȻԽԽˡǰͻȻ̹⡣̹Ҵδ 
Խǰߣ̹ԽԽȻͼⱲԶ˵ľ󡪡һѷ̹ʬ塣 
ſڱϵʯҵĶҲһ󷭹ƺʲôҪܳˡǿ˻ȥ 
ֵ΢ĹߣʬѣЩȥĶһЩѾֲ˻Ƕˡ 
ҷǳĸˣΪⲻԶˣЩǴأ 
ҽдҼһ£Ա߹ȥǰǳڡ 
̹һΣǰ澹ȻȻʣһʮ־޴ıѩء 
ǻڵ¡ϵıڻˮδδ䡣 
Ǹһ󣬡ǿۼ⣬һָһߵɽ˵ 
ҺʹתͷȥȻһĵˮײģǶǼֱĶڵİաƺһߴŰɫ·Ůʬʵ̫ԶǸ 
ҵһʬô 
òǸӰɣ˵ 
ӣʲôӣʵ 
ǽʬ 
ʬнʬŵȴվվֱˡ 
Ҳ¡أҾרŶԸӵģŵ˵ 
ǻע㣬ҪǿжĶϽܣһ˵һ߾Ŀ˿ܡ 
ʱǸˮײͻȻԼһ䵽ڵλòԶ 
ȥұų¾߳Ǹײȥ 
߽һŵľȻǳ¾ߣ 
»ĺëˡԱ߿ֻѾŶ£վ￴ҡ 
ذͷתȥ 
ֻһɫµŮˣҵıϣɫĳһֱ 
ؼʱ̣ǴںңţŮʬǸӣ 
֣Ǵӻſҵļϡ 
ˣһҪôҪôʱƴץסǴӵĳһȻͷԴһ 
Ҵӱץסֻӣ˿ȥ 
ҵˣұҺ 
ܵˮײǰ¾߱棬򲻿 
鼱֮£һȭͷһ´ˮײϣϵѪ˳ˮҲҴˡ 
ұ¾ķȥǸųͷͷҧԱȥ 
¾߽ˣҷʲô¡ҽǧҪͷȻٽǸڣͨһֱܡտǰ⣬ұų¾߳˳ȥ 
ǳĵطǡǵȥĵطԶǸ޴ѩӣƺȥǼ 
Ѿȹϵϣɽ·ȥ߱ߺ߰ɣҪǸŮʬˣǿɾ߲ˣ 
¾ȫ˹ʵʬʲôʬ 
߰ɣʲôʬˣǸóɽʱˣֶվǸѩǰĴ˵һ߰ɣүԺлأ 
Цһ£תڵķȥ 
ӳɽԸˡ 
ҡ¾ߺʹ˻صѰҰ˿ͼ 
ΪѰҰ˿ͼϵ϶һŵ飬׼ȥˣ룬Ҳòˣ˻Ʊڶͻر 
 




һٶʮ Ѫ

       ڻر;Уһֻ̽նӡ˵˵ǣڻվҾͷǼˡ 
̽նһɣӵĽгǸŮġ 
Ӻܸߣġһ̸ܷ𵭵ľѡ 
˵ҪȥϣѰʲô˵еʥ 
ǴϸϢǳž˵ഫϹʱڣޣһ໢һǺߡ໢ߴаϹŰơ1700ܾ˶ΪʥѪ񡣾˵õʥһͻв˼ӹ񣬷ǵõ˶йĽĲƸ󶼻һֵҲ᲻֪١ 
ͨͬˮһɫ·ı仯仯·һ㡣ů 
Ѫͨ巺죬ͬѪҺʣѪʺɫ·¶ȵı仯仯ʱʱ 
ʥŲΪ֪˱ĸǿȻ˲Ϊ֪ķΪ˲ƸȥǷɲֵ 
˵棬ʣȻʥŲΪ֪ķδغãǻȥʲô 
˭ϣԼøǿ󰡣𣿡 
޷ϣкǿ֧еˣҲȫͬΪ˸кǿȥһУĺΡ 
뷨ǲ˵һȥˡƺЩʧ˵ 
ԱߵĴʵʮİҵʥô 
ν赭д˵ΪʲôһҪʮİգѵûаҾͲȥѰ𣿡 
ûаΪʲôҪȥң 
Ϊʲôֻϲðգ 
Աһֱû˵ĳ¾߿ˣΪ㲻ˣû˵Ұĺ𣿡 
ؿһۣ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵û 
ٿǶĳԱȻŮġŮɵ̽նӣӳ¾Ҳ˼Ȥ 
ôȥ̽ն׼𣿡¾߿˿˵ 
ʲô£ҲҲܿķ⡣һȵŮԱ˵ 
ǰųһ档һŮԱҲ˵ֽҶõ 
ҿ˿¾ߣҲ˿ңһС 
ڱ˻𳵣Ϊ¾ߵĹϵĸŮһȥѰҴ˵еʥ 
ҲǼ۵𾢣֪ԭʥ֮еǰѾͶ峯ãֻʣº 
νһȨһʱǱ֮ѹˡõô˵ʥܸ˴˵ľӦġǿµķջǻὫõ˴ԨҲһʢһ˥ĵ 
һ·ɽԽ룬ǼǴԽ˰йҺĸŮһںϿ˻𳵡 
֪Ѫġһؼ⡣ 
˵Ǹйص伮صģ˵ʥÿͻ˼䣬ʱʥ޽õʥĵطҪȥĵطѾ׼ʱĵص㡣 
ʲô˵ҼֱԼĶ䡣 
ԱŲɣ¾ҲͷԡҿʼŮǲǲܳģǸʵһǷǵľ 
ǲôˣֻܲȥҵǣܸʲôοг¾߸һ𣬿ǷǵøһȥˡҲ֪˵Ĵ˵û£ʼԼǲΣżŮˣԼڰΣ 



һٶʮѪ񣨶

       ĶԱȣҶõԼ¾ڿ³֮ȥҪѰһųǣΪ˵޻Ϊʥĵطô꣬ʥ񽫻ٴνǸطȻʥٴ 
ʷ˵ŵú١ⲢʾһҲʵĿԣϣŹֵ̫ˡҶԴ˵ĿǣǹȻĵ䱳һʲôڵĿԡڵľǺġƮĴ˵Խ͵ʵ 
ҪѰҵĹųǽȹųǣʷҲмء˵Ƶۺڴ˴սҹƵ۱ҪսܵģͻȻһƵۣƵƾһδȡд˵ҲһֻԼûкúãƵռȻˡ 
˵ĶǴ˵Ȼ˵Щ˵ǳҵġ 
ʮĵطҵȹųą̇̄ľ¥ԼķϵԺ䣬о 
ȹųɽ壬ڳǵĶ棬ȥֻޡ 
ĸŮվڸ̨ϣһĶⶨλָߵɽ壬ڿˮ 
ȹųǶԺߣǸԺӿðգΣڿ羰 
ǸȵŮţ߸ЬͻȻˣҲ˵ˣŽͦĶԱ߹ȥԼЬ˸ȻԼŽš 
ôУ㣬ôŽţ㴩ɣȹֲ˼˵ 
ҽ㴩ʹϣ˳ʱô˵ˣ˵ 
ûʲôҪģ˵һҾ˵ǱнƵġ 
ǺãҪҵЬϡ 
ðɣ㣬лл㣡ȴ˳Ьվǰ˼ԼȵӲһ½š 
æȥһߡ 
 
ϣڳӪ극֮ЩŮ˶̨ܵȥǡ 
һԱߣ֣ʱҲ̧ͷϵǣҹɫĺܺãϵǶ壬ɫĻϣһһ⡣ 
ǼŮ˴ǿǿˣʼȤҡ 
ȷѣιǱߵģͳ¾߽ôʶģ 
˵ôͳ¾ߵһμ棬һе㲻˼ʱɽû뵽ʦҲŸɽ£ҹ簡 
ôˣǲǳ۸ˣ˼˵ҲϷŹңŲκ˽ 
¾˵ʱɽҺҸʦǽΧء 
Ŷԭɽʿ᲻ǴҽиǴûһǴҲÿ۽磡ǸҶõȻǸ졣 
ĸŮǰһһôҲûУνҹѣֻһ̣ҲڣҲǣǱ 
ҲǣΪ£ţҪƳ¾߹οҡ 
¾Щ˼ǸҶõԱ˵ȥ𲻺˼ˣأĽĽˣ 
˵ǼŮһЦ 
ҶõȻز¶쿴һԲĬԵӣΪǸľŮˣû뵽͹Ӷء 
Ҳó¾߹ˣǰԼߣңιʦʲôʱǵľ߽鰡 
ʵȥˡ鰡Щ黹˵ 
û뵽Ҳʡ͵ĵƣֲŮôԭһҲʾ˵ʿǲǲܽ鰡ǵĺҪؿշˣ 
ǼŮһЦ 
¾Щˣȵ˵ǣҲûģôˣҲɣ۸ң 
ʱ˵仰ˣϵĻҶ˵ʶĺ˶أҪһһһ 
ӴҪ˹أҶõһ˻Ӧ 
ǸŮͬò׷û뵽˻Ҫ˵ĹƣȸŸ͡ս 
Ҫ˹ǣǾ۸ãּ⡣ 
Ůһ𽫳¾߰ڷש̳ɵĸ̨ϣʼ 
ſҰ¾߱ӵܲסˣЦֵغ 
ɼȰ 
û˻ģˣ 
 
ǼģͻȻһ⻬վǣ 
ǼŮǣӳ¾ˣ׷վգѰǵټ 
ϵˣΪ˾ùƭǵģ 
ӣξŹ 
Ҫȥץ¾ߣպȻ˵쿴ǣöడ 
Ůûȥץ¾ˣսеȻöǣ 
̧ͷҹգһƬǻҹգȥҹлĻߡڶУһرĴرƺڵķλ 
ǣͻȻ˵Ѫ֣ʥˣ 



һٶʮѪ

       ǿǹȻǳȹųǶģյԽԽǿԽԽ󼸺ųˡ ǴұǿҵĹߴ̵ۣ׷ֵǰȥǡ 
һ޴𣬽Ǿ͸еڵλҲƺܵӰ죬΢΢һ¡ǿž޴˳ĳطڵķλȥƺڳɽ֮䡣 
ȥһȥֵ硣ʱʾΪһӵķ緶 
ҷ׷¸̨ӪȥȡֵͲҰЯذ״ϣΪԷһִ˼ƷѺ¿Ӵˡ 
ҺǼŮ˳˹ųǣҶֵ磬ղķȥ 
ȻŮ˶࣬ǵ˹ؼʱ̣ÿ˵ġΪ˱ǣǰ棬ŵͲ·ʱ׼γĵȻֻʯʲôģòϴĶȻáһˣҲǼʶһҵı¡ȻǰỹôϵĶ˵ﲻ𣬷ɵȵȣԶ빥򲻵ҵĽûϷǼСסˡ 
ȱ˵ô࣬Ҳùܵ׵ʲôȥȻ֪ˡǰ棬ֵ磬һȺǿ· 
ﲢûʲôݵģֻһŵľ·ʵסǸĶԽԽʱˣǸĶΧľջˣȻҲʯȶľչģǣǷֵǸ޴ʯУȻҲκζ 
ѵ˵ʯ˽ţԼˣͲʯˡ 
ô˵ǸŵĶܿ죬ʯӵֵܷĶ֤ʵƲ⣬ĵȷǸΪڿӵһǷ˺Ľӡ 
ڵˣ˵ǲģĻ᲻ʥޣ 
ŵϵĽӡһһ˹ȥЩӡұȴĴӡֻ߹ĵطµ佹ˣľֲȼ 
ðŻ𣬻ߵﶼڸƻЩĵȫ· 
һϵе⣬Ҫõ𸴣õİ취ҵĲ 
ҴĸŮˣֵ磬һֱǽӡȥѰǿ˵ʥޡҸ߹һƬأ֪˭Ȼеҿ쿴ɽϣ 
̧ͣͷɽϿȥֻһȼյĻ棬ٵسɽȥǻ֮ΧľȼգԶɽ׵Ż߹ĵطȻԵسһĻߡ 
ŻʲôأȻȼŻܶɽȥ 
ʱվһؿɽȻ˵ʥ޽ˣҪصԼλãȻٴλΪʥ䵽˼䡣 
˵һɷн£ߵʣô֪ģ 
ݵ伮أʥÿ̵龰ģȻҵԼλã󻯳ʥһֻأ 
Ҷվųĸɽ֮һ 
ֻŻѾɽԽȼյˡǺɫĻмɸߣɽ籡񱬷Ļɽһ 
ûãŻڰͻȻһ룬ڿһ͵سɽֱ£ 
Ļ汬ըȥɽܡʱһǿҵĹߣ̵۾ 
ֵǰסǿ⡣ 
ǿ⽥ʧȥǶ֣ȥɽ 
һƽʲôҲûУղȼչĻҲϨˡ 
һ˲䣬һɫĶɽз˳ųɽ· 
еѪ񣬴ҿȥץס 
һȥ׷źɫûп϶֮ǰ˵ǾǴ˵еӵѪ 
׷ǺɫԲ壬Ƕ۾ƵģȥץԼܶܿڿУһʱ仹ûץסڿԿ϶ǣһԲεģɢɫâĶ 
׷һǶԶˣһƬܴת׷ʵ̫ˣվһ߿ŮȥȥץÿλǴֱߡ 
վ￴ȥ׷Ǹʲô˵еѪҿõѪҲûʲô˲𣬲Ƹ˵ֿɵãҪҪѾҪˡ 
ƫƫôɣѪɹŮˣǰˡ 
ȥذѪõѪ⻬Բ󣬷âһ䣬Ȼͬһ㡣 
ҷ׷׿ңҵõѪ 
ȺҶõе㲻ģ˵ôõ˵Ļû˵ʲôЦһ 
ѪѾҵõ̻ȥ 
ǼŮһ·ңʲôҲ˵ذ 
ҰѪڿڴҲһԲʹһ˻𳵡 
ڻϣǼŮ̲סˣ˴˵ۣõѪŶԺ󷢴ˡҲ˵ǰ;¾߻һԲڶ濴档 
óǿѪǼŮ˶ţ񶼵ۣǿѪ 
ҺȻѴӴ򿪣һѽǿ鴫˵еѪӳ˴⡭ 
 



һٶʮ Ŷ

       صԺͻȻ뵽Ǹøһҵʱˡ 
Ѿʮüȴһ޳ɡ˵ģڱɣӶûмõģ˵ģȥ̸ɼأ 
ڰǰĵһˣûǺҾðյĴ¾ߡǳ¾ʼûдӦҪ޸ңڵ״Լò˼ 
Ĺһǳ׷Ƶ飬ҵɽĿҲΪ˷ƣǺطĹҲĵһ̫ˣĹĶ⣬ܵԹҪǿлĽ˵㣬ҲĻŲǸ˽ˡЩΥ飬ԼûкôһẦ˺ 
Լͱ£Ҫɵ飬˵ĹĶУĹ˵ѾƣҲЩЩˡ 
ȥ翪һҹŶ꣬Щ棬׬ǮҲҺڡ 
Ҫڱҹ̸ףȵҵطôǣϤҲûб˼԰Ϥˡ˼԰ҲȥܽȥģȻҿɲʲô̯ҪĿĹ̵ꡣ 
ôصͶ˼԰ɣﱾҲһ潻гʢѾγһҵϢǸõط 
ѡ˵ط͵ҪǮôһĻȫҪĹŶ꣬»еѡߵ׽ˣ˳¾ߣмܲȥҳ¾ҪǮɣ 
ȥԴըˣȥҴ˼԰и̣ȥͶʣҲҵĺϻˣԸһ뷹ƽ޹ʸԼҸأ 
ãҲ˵Ҫ˼԰һҹ꣬Ҿ˵Ҫطô϶Ǯ˰ɣ 
ȹܲô࣬ڴǰվ˺þãȥûȥȥˡ 
û취ʱֻ˺ţվʲôأʲô½ȥ˵ȥվۻӡ 
һԭϺǸģhirlyôˣ 
ҵ߹ˣǴк˵ϺС㣬ҲҴ 
Ϻ˵ǰҲ𣿡 
ǰɣҶҴ 
ǺǣǻվʲôǸϿȥhirlyЦ˵ 
úãС롣ãhirlyߣȻǺԼŽ˴ӡ 
һô˶ˣ˵˵ôˣôԼͬضˣ 
ӭǾˡhirly˵ 
ӭӭȻӭǿɶҴѣʲôʱҶǸ˵ģӭģֻǣǽԼҪһʲô𣿡 
ǣģžվ⣬һΪմҪʲôء 
ŶŰôҲǲҴƽյ㣬ʲô²ÿڰ 
ûе¡롭ǸɶϺ˵ɣ˵˵Ҳ١ 
Ž첻԰ʲôֱ˵֮䶼ôϤˣ𣿡 
˵ûʲô£ֻһС£һ;ͽˣ˵ɡ 
ҴҲûʲôҪ£ǹתת˼԰ôûʲôö¡Ϻ˵꣬ƺһҪϺ 
˵ϺǲǴǶһüǮ͸óˣðΣղûģҼûʣԼҲûȥһֱߣֱǰһ˰ˣ׬ʮ鰡 
ŶʮǶֵͦǮģȥǮʮʱŰɡϺ˵ 
õġˣҾҲӦУҪԺҵĺö·⿿һģһæ 
ǰҲףЩĹȥʱҪðϾ޴ΣգвǵĶȴ˸üǮɶԲס۸ǸĴ۰ 
Ϻ˵ҲǣҿҪٿһҵˣԼԺҲ¶ȥhirlyҲ˵ 
ǰϺȻ뷨ҿһԡ˵ 
֪ʲôҪǲ֪øҼϺ˵ 
ô˵ʵ̲סˣʹǵ̸ϺүС㣬ʶҲôʱˣǶҲһ˽ˡ޲޵£Ҳм˵˵֮󣬴ҰﲻҶνֻҪңҾͿ϶ôʧ 
ҶңϺ˵ɶ¾˵Ϻһ 
ҴʲôҪܿڡ 
˵ɣţҶˡhirlyҲˡ 
ҿǶ̬ˣ֪ԥѾûҪɴֱ˵˵ˣЩе˵ллңллǶҵΣ 
ţţ¾ҵ£˵ɡϺԱ߸Ҵ 
ҹ˵ղҲ˵ˣ뿪һҵӡҽĿҴǮҲ㿪һҹŶꡭ 
ȣԭ£һΪ㷸ɶ£˵öҪʹģر׳ûҰѻ˵꣬̾˵ 
ԭ°˵Ϻһ´ȡ 
롭 
ˣҿҵǿˣϺˬ˵ 
ʮǮҪǲ취һ𿪵ģŸһҲ˵ 
Ҳͬ⣬ʽҲͶʣʱһҪһݺhirlyҲʾ 



һٶʮ¹Ŷ꣨

       ôţɣϺЦſҡ 
ҵʱȽ˷ܣûôңô֧ңһҪҵãȻôԵҡ 
ǵĻվʱסᶼˡллңн죬ȫҵ֧֣ûʲô˵ģֻұ֤ҾṼҵĺһҵúôҶԴֵĺٴллңлл 
ѽÿˣԼ˻˵ֻɶſ£顣߹ȥ 
ȵҵطɣ˵˼԰طôϺ 
˼԰ǸõطٹĹŶҲȽ˽ 
ôҿͰѵַ˼԰ƽʱҲиӦǿôţأ 
ҵ뷨ıϡ 
ǺǣãҲͬѵ꿪˼԰˵ʵôǣϽ𻹾϶˼԰طҪǻطҿɵһԸ⡣ 
ȻǶ˵ˣһʲô˵ǣ˼԰ɡhirly˵ 
ʲôǼ˻ڶ븾ŮרƵģɰѻ˵ˡ 
˵үǰѵַѡˣɵҵģȻҿɲǮҲóˣ 
ð˵㣡 
˵ýСޱ󡯣Ǿô 
ޱ󣿺ְ֣ҿУͬˡ 
ʱϺ˵ţ㿴ô 
û⣬ޱűǣǣⱦȷǸ֣˵ 
ðɣͽޱ󡣽飬ţǾͽˣһôǶģ˵ôɣϺ˵ 
ԣţǶ˵ð졣С㶼ͬˡ 
ǺãѾѵַ͵ѡˣ͵̸ʽ⡣Ǯ˵ҲҪģȻҶԸͶʣȻҲһݣɣҳݵģȻҲùȥǶǹɶԸͶʶ٣ԸԸΪҾľ 
ã˵úáҸղ˵ˣǮʮҺϺӵģƽ̯ĻһÿĻôһǶʮʽ𣬽ذǮţҾô˵ 
ͬ⡣Ϻȱ̬ţhirlyҲͬˡ 
ǺãȻǮôһжðˣҸʱһ𶼹̾ȥעɣҽ˵ 
ҿȥ쵶ն飡hirlyƺһļ 
Ǻǣͦߵ졣һȥϺͬ⡣ 
ҵÿʼԤȴ㶫ȥʱûѹֵ׵ģûɶ 
ллүˡ 
Ҳзݰ 
̫ˣû뵽ô˳˴ҵĶԲƣһŲ豭Դ˵ 
ãҸһϺҲվ˶Ų豭һȥ 
Ǻǣȵӿˣǿɵúúóһ٣ȿҵƣ 
ðɣǾô˵ˣȥעᣡ 
һж֮йصϸڣҡϺͣhirlyһ뿪ļңϺ˵ţˣúøɣ 
İɣϺҲôʧģظлҡ 
ãϺͣhirlyˡ 
Ҳܿص˶ĺͬҪŶ˳¾ߣһæΪʲôǲǰˡ 
˵զҪǮأ 
զҪǮǶͶˣѵͲһݣ 
ǣ˵ϵҵĲ𣡡 
¾е㲻˼תŭΪЦ˵ʲôľҵģҿʲôûӦ 
øϿȴ˵ʹӦɣ 
ʲô֪Ƶ˵Ӧʲô 
⡭㲻֪𣿡 
Ҳ֪ 
һȥˣѾͬˣͲԸԸ޸ң 
ǺǣǵÿԺô֣Ȱѵ꾭Ӫ˵ка 
Ǻðɣ͵ΰɣ 
 
̾עˣ˵̣Ϻͣhirly׷Ͷʣ˵һŶһж׼ϡǾҪҵˡ 
 
ҵ죬ҺϺѡޱֽɵƹ˵ǰһʨӵĿʼ趯Ҳ 
վڵǰμӿҵѣ˺˵ˡ 
Сһ첼ǰҡϺhirlyӣг¾һһŴվں첼棬׼ʡ 
üʹؼ˺첼ҷ׷ɼʣű 
ʽɣǵĵʽţ 
ӭӭҹޱŶ꣡Ҵ˵ 
վŵߣǰףص 
ҽȥӭԺ 
ӭң 
ӭӭ 
룡 
ȥ 
ǵĹŶˣ 
磬Ҿ˵һŶ׬˿ĵһǮȺۻأ 
ˣһ£絽Ȼﲻܵڶϡ˼԰һ˵Ѿǳˡ 
ϴҾһͿҵƣҲ칦磬ף׬˿ҵĵһǮ 
һ飬Ⱦӣµ꿪Ŵ󼪣ͬʱҲף׬˵һǮҲŷֵ˵һʺҸɱ 
ӽվӳﱸʱҲûʲôԺҪʲôطõŵģţԣӦøĿڽϰˣϰ㾡ܿڰǿ׳Ժ¾ͽһ 
ãȻӺͽү˵ˣϺҲ˵䣬ףشµ꿪ţϣԺЭš 
ϰ尡ϰ壡һ˵ 
ǽţ˳һЩ 
Űϰ壬ԺޱŶףԴ¡Ҳ÷ֵϺһ仰ŵ 
ȣϺɶʱѧˣǹˣһ˵ 
ҶѾƱǺⱭҵƣףţϰ忪ҵ󼪣hirlyҲվʹһžƱ 
ų¾ҲվˣҿҶžƱҲŶ˾վ 
¾л˵Ǹ磬ллһֱҵչˣҲǴҵĺӣȻûзݣֻҪҸˣҲ͸ˡףҶ׬ǮҸɱ 
¾߰ѾƱǰ˾١⻰̫Ծʲôûķݣǲ˵ôġ 
˵ߣôˣʲộҵİ 
ûаǴҵģףҷư 
˵ˣǿˣһ˵Ϸˣúǵϲƣ벻밡 
˱һᣬ׷׸߾žƱ˵밡 
ѽǿˣǿҵӣҺȿҵưɣ¾־˾پƱ 
ţʾʾǶأϺһ˵ 
æѾƱʹҾٵһ˵һṼҵĺޱúôҵ˶׬ǮǸɣ 
Ŷ 
һ𣬺ȸ˿ҵơ 
 



һٶʮ ŶĹ

       ޱԺʽתдĴҲ࣬һպùһգ˼԰ ŵϣҲʮָˣһ׮ˡֻҪȥһҵֻǳ¡ʮ㰡 
ޱĿ˿νĺϺĶУгĴд̫̫ϴүҲбܹˡ 
ЩõľйĴһ˵ĵһ϶ǴֲǰйChinaԭǴ 
ԽԽˣ˵йλ߶ӣǶǳϲйĴʲôƿ߰ȵȣֻҪйĴŶû˲Ҫġ˵⡰ëûĹӢԲ԰ǧ᲻ģȫãƱõıȱߵĻࡣڲͬˣǮǵĺöǴǣҪж١ҴޱڸררЩˡȻ˻ɱһѣʧǮ׬ 
춼ˣһϴүﱧһƿˡ 
߹ȥʲô°˵ҪһŶƿѻƿŵ̨ϣȻϸ˿ĻһֻʷˣǻʹеĶٿƿ׵ӡǣȻ峯ҤƷĶϸ˿ƿ϶Ʒ 
Ҷ˵˼ңǮ 
˾˵ǵҼڹģүʹ͵ĶǶЩܼӣԼҵˣʣµľֻƿˡ㿪۰ɣҿʲʡ 
Ȼô˵ҾͿۣҿָۣͷ 
СЩܼӣȻҲ䵽죬ڵĶˣ˿ȥܱӣһ˲裬ʲô¡ 
˺Ų裬̾˵ǴģǰڷĹ⣬ȻûȫɹǣĹķˮѾƻˣӴ˹²ϣһ˺üˡ 
ԭ˵ǸϵĴӣĵλ÷ǳƫƧһֱЩӹ˾޴ֻأǴû֪Բõر 
봫˵еڻŵѾˣڵҲ˵жã֮ڷǸɽط֡ǳ˸֣ȷǸϢĺõطǾʹһȺҴӴõؾסȻڴ˺УϵǨƳȥҲϵ˱뿪Ӵ˲ٻڵϵеһ֧ʼɽ浽ڡ 
ֻҪǺһյģȫڵ˸˵ڻŵʱ˼Ϊ飻֮ĺ˾Ͱһ˶ĹţֻҪĹܵκţھͻᱣӴƽƽҸػȥĻͻ֮֡ 
ѵôʼû˴Ĺ⣿Һʡ 
һѾ֪Ĵţ϶ڿź͵ĹһЩʶҺ֪ôˡ 
˴ļϵ֮⣬֪ܵ˱ͲࣻټڵĹͷǳأĳôȥˣ֪⣬Ҳ޴ְ˵˺Ȼ任ʮְʹ˵ǣ˶ʮǰʱĹջǱ˷ˣ 
ô£е㾪ȣ˭ҵģôˣ 
£˾ʹģǼĹļһȻԼˣҶһյģڵĺ˰̾˵ 
ܾǰʹѵʱ򣬴ɶҲԸҲҴڵ⣬ǵ˰ʮڿʼ˱仯¸˾˵룬Ϊʵ룬Ǹʲôֶζõóʲô˼ɶԲܡ 
ʱмû¸ɵˣԸڼҲԸȥúѧһҺڣȴ֪֪˵ĹܷƣǾ͸˵Ĺеȥظɣ˼֮󣬲֪ǲǱ¶Ϣ֪ԼĴһĹЩ˾ǧټƵҵ 
⼸ҵڵĹǿдڣͼȥǵж˷ˣ̸ϹȥǼ˾˳ȻְǸϳ˴ӡ 
Ϊʲôû͵ɳȥأҼװʵǲΪǱˣԲ飿 
ǣǣ֣Ҫù֪ˣЩֵ˻˹ҪǹʲôŷĻڵĹҲͳױסˡ 
ѹ֣ԭЩΪ˱ڵķĹ֣Ͳұ 
ǰǼĹץʱǾûأĵ⡣ 
ûС˿϶˵ʱ¶һǵһصͿǼվڿϣҲֻżѲӣǸսȥһأ 
ڵĹȻûбƻ˵ٺòˣǼһﱻϳԺ󣬻᲻ỹģŻĹ 
ҲûӣԴԺͲðˣÿһӣЩ˹ؽĹ⣬ѣֻרţû뵽Щ˵ĵҲʵһ쾹ȻǶǹҪ˶ڣ¾סˣ˺Ȼĺ˵ 
ץЩûУ̽ʡ 
ûУȫˣ־ͳˡ˺Ȼѻһת˵֣⵹û뵽ġ 
һиʲôϵ̲סʵ 
ʱΪ־ϡɳġ˴ͷɥ˵ͷЩ˵ 
⡭ǴӺ˵𣿡ЩʡȻ飬Ҳûûѻ˵֮ǰǸ㲻ס 
ڴĻ˵ĹһҪãԲκʧûǿд˶ڣȥתһȦ˿ǣĹľȻԼĺˣԾ˸ֳרͷЩТεؽ͡ 
ôͷǵأ̲סʡ 
⼸Ӷ˲ҵõĶЩֲϰʮ׳˵ͲһˣҲͺܿˣҽȲǵģôȥ붼ҪӾˡһѱһ˵ 
ûôذɣʲôв 
Ҳô˵ġǵʱҵĶϱ˸̥ǶΪġȻﶼ˭Ҳ˵ʵҾ˵ϱĺҰ֣ϱͺԾˣ 
Ҵʧɫôᷢ£йԼϱģ 
飬ֻܿ޷κβ֪˵࣬ǵķзУй¶ܡҲΣʮʹİɡ 
ᣬεؽ˵ҪΪй¶ܣҾôҶԲ˵ֿʼᡣֻȰ˵ܸ뿪á 
峤˵ˣֻҪúõڵĹһԭǵģջǸ֡ȫ˵ҵϱʲôˣҵĶΪϱ£ҲԼϵˣ˻дſǻɼʮʹࡣһϱҲҪˣ̫ˣ˵ôܶԼĺôģ 
ô˵ͻȻҲƲס޵ȥ֮󣬾ǿҪʹȥ 
ҸæȰȥˣҲҪˡȻ˱ģã˲ػ 
ʹӣҲǼܣԱߣصָƽ 
һˮʦ˵ħ֮飬ֻǴǼ֪źġعڸûʲô˵ȻǵȣȻӦñԼĺˣôᷴң 
û˵ֻ˰齲ꡣ 
˵밴˵ǲᣬǺ˲ҲТһŭ֮£ʹͷǣҲǺİ峤Ҳô˵ģ룬ҲеĬȻƭʱ̫ˡ 
˵ǷˮʦžĴˣʦүһҪһҪĻָǣʵ͸ûʲôôܹڵĻǼٵġ˵Զˮ֮ĹլľլˮúãȻ񸣺ˣĹķˮǱƻˣ˾ֻиŵù 
ΪʮǰǼĹڵĹƻĹķˮŵ´ͷ𣬲˺ܶˡ 
ʵԼҲǶһˮġô꣬ϣȻͿֵزһǰϺͿˣô죬˵ֻҪ˰Ĺͷָԭ״ȻָܻĹķˮӶȴҡ˵ԼܰˣȻҪðϼķգпͷΪ˾ȴңԸðȥ 
һһǿ˺ˣܸо˰ɣ 
ǸˮʦĹѨǸʥΣյĵطʱ򣬱ǳСĽԲܹܵκδţв֪Ĺ汻ƻĳ̶ȣҪܳʱ䣬ҪǴи׼ǧĹߵΣգʱ˭ҲȲˡЩҪģ˵Ҫ£ǧ֪˶ӣ¡ 
ЩҲӦõģûдӦأ 
Ϊ˾ȴңҵȻӦˡмרǶţܲܲǰɣ˽취ǣȥ֮Ǵ߻ǧ򲻿κٽЩҶˣû뵽ģȻǡ 
ͻȻ뵽ʲôߵ£ҸϽ˳ĺĨĨ˳˳Ȼּæ˹ҽԺ˴˺һӣֱȻϵ˵Σ㱣סһ 
ϳʱ˰۾ûһ̾Ϣ˵Ҳûû뵽ǸˮʦȻǺʹǼĹϻϻƭҰ 
˵꣬ؿڵƽȥر۾ҽڵԱ˵죬͵ҽԺȣҿǰ̧˳ҽҴææϹ˭ļ˵ҵĿˣһᾡ취ļˣҽ˵ǿɲУû˸ҽҩѰҿֻŶƿ˵ҽҩһģȾ˰ɡ 
Ȼˣҿŵֻƿʮֳء 
ڰڵÿıһΪ֪Ĺ£ãôЩŶǼ֤ˡӵǵȥˣǻȻشڣⲻܲ˵һֵҵ顣ӵЩŶ¾ǰǰڹ̨ҲӵĲƸ;óʵˡ 
 



һٶʮ ʬ֮ǰ

       ǰյһš Ǵ置ģдģ˵ͰҪˣϣҺͳ¾ȥμǵĻ 
ϸ飬Ȼָ˳¾ߡ 
žȵ˵ҪˣǺϢ 
ңʲôûƵġҲ˵ǺϢҪҪȥμĻأ 
ȻҪȥȻҺ͹òմףҲйһ㣬ҪˣȻҪȥϲô㲻ȥ 
ҵеΪѣո𲽣ﻹҪӦ置·;ңԶһȥûʮµĿ϶زôãµûչˣ˶Զˡ 
ԭ᲻⣬Ҵ㿴ŰҲзݣ᲻Ӧġһȥ 
ҡѽȥ𣿡е㲻֪ô˵ڡ 
ʲôʵģ˼ҾŽȥˣ˼Ҷ£㻹ʲôò¼˰ɣ 
˵ģʲô˰Һûǻ£ 
㻹ˣ˼Ҷﶼˣ㹼˼Ұ 
ҡԣҹ 
ֿ֪ĸ˰ǼҹöҪǲ궼˼ҹˣ 
㣬⻰̫˰ҿ˭˭֪𣿡 
֮Ҫȥȥ 
ȥ 
ðôˣ 
ҡһû˵꣬¾߾ͷеųȥˡ 
ȻҾͰѵиտ죬ô˵˼ҲˣȥһҲʲô˵£ 
ȥ˴Ұ⿴ϼ죬ȥȥͻ˵ҪȥμӹõĻ񣬾ҴǣǺ⣬ҴɷģڹŶһôãտһǾûġҴԷȥ 
һжź֮Һͳ¾Ҳ׼һݺ˻Ʊֱӱݡ 
ӻתУǰկǵһȥһկҪߺܳ·ӱʱѾжɴˣӱѾһССͷֻͣС 
ȥʱһֻСһǣϸ˵˵μӻİɣϴҶǹӣ 
Һͳ¾˴ڴСȵˣõĻȥһ㶼¡ǲרӭμӻĿ˵ġ˵ǡǴģկʲôݡֻ˵Ǵӱģǹկѡƽ͵ĿĵأȻ󽫴һλȥ 
Һͳ¾ƾż䳯կȥǵϴŵ˺ζǴϷģ͸õկˡ 
ǵ¯ɽµկʱ򣬹ȻŵƢζ 
ʱ߹һҿŵۣӦͬˡ߹ʱһһеվǸԳԼķȥ 
կѾȻһ£ȫȻǰկˡҸŵƹҲʣϲ 
ǵկкΪ·СҲǼǱӵŵ˹õļҡ 
üǣ쳣ų¾ȵؽе½ˡһΪѾ˲أ 
¾Ҳ˵Źõ˵ôأˣԶǺýã 
½㣬̫ˣ쵽ɣȻҡõȻϲࡣ 
Ǹ磬ˣɣ 
Ұｻ˵һǽүҴĺڱտˣҸ˵Ǹף»֣úϣҺͳ¾ߵһ⣬㶼°ɣ 
ýӹЦ˵ܼǵңѾܸˡ˾ͺˣʲô쵽ɣ 
Ӧõģͱˣ 
ǽݣȻ󿴵˹š 
ҲܸˣվӭλԶ 
ӣĲѾˡһ£˵ԿǸһܾһǽԴϲҲܸˡ 
ðǰŵǼҵһկӣ˵̫ˣҼҶס˿ˣطªϣǲҪ⡣˵ﻰ˵ȱĴݻ 
Ц˵ֻҪˡ¾ʲôʱл˵졣¾߾ˣȥ׼ɣŮ˼˿һӵĴ¡õͷ뿪ǵס 
 




һٶʮ ʬ֮

       ӵˡ һ磬կַ죬ģϡ 
վſڿ˿կＸÿ䶼ˣҼһϲկѾ˾л̨ˣСˣҼһǡ 
ڵȺɵȺկӿڼ˼ѾΧˮйͨμӻ˲ǧˡ 
̫ˣֱֲ˭˭Ƿ׷״Ÿָ޵·ţţţկϲ԰ 
Ҵһ翪ʼΧկȺɵĵصȴšǺﻹżվҲ֪ƣ롣 
һֱȵʱկȻ 
һկӺܿͰϢûƵġ߽ʱﵽկſڣѾзֿһͨͨǶվԣ߽կӣȻһһǵĻһֱûϲأĴˡ 
һ·ǵĻУߵ˹üҵķǰֱӵӡ 
ãկųˡһ󻶺 
կߵóһմһƺϣϡ 
ǿʼе˵Ҫˣе˵ҪһҶ쳤Դšе¿׷˸ҵ¥е˷ϡ 
ֹãڱˡҵĻѹһկص 
Ժм䡣ԼȺСȺһ֡ 
ҷ׷׿ӳկӵģǧ˵ġ 
̫ɽһɲǣ죬ˮһǵصغղŻУ˿̣źڰĽ٣һӾͳˡ 
կӵģһ֮ϵƺϣǧˣǧ˫۾ԺмһˮƳɵϣͷţһֻҸСᡣ 
һź죬º㣬ͷҲúɫ˿ţӴͷҲ˺ƲϼĶž黨 
޵ӡ˿̣һӢɣ˿̣һŵÿҪըˣ˿̣û֪˼شҲûԸ⻨Խô࣬ľôӣôԶôһ 
ƺϣկ˶¥ȫկ¥һ㣬һ˼ҵĶһ㡣ϣһˡмģկҲĵһʮˡͷϰŻɫͷʮ㡣۴´ƤĿгϲãװµӣϵصضֵĻֳֵǡ 
ʱһ˹ˣȻվźɫķ£һִһֻţǣһִŰͭķա˹ϣκα飬Ϊû¶ϴһߡϺõƳɵģɰ칯ѪȾ˺ɫɫϣֻɫţϸСߵĶˣһͷֱţƺҪɲա 
˹ţǴյϣءۡءۡһߣǷҡö۶۵һƬţһζŷʽʼ˹ͽ˫ֶһֻߵǰϥ£߸ߵؾ衣ֻ˹ţǹԼϣȼ˻͵ͽܾͰԺС 
˹ٽţǴأһһزЪصشš 
Ļ𣬱Խ 
ʱһִһŶӣߵǰĬĬ쵽ȼٻصԺӱϡһʱԺһƬƻͨ 
ͽܰѶ˹ߵƤ˵ۻ뼤ԽѹסǺɽ硣˹ߵصм䣬ָ߾ٹͷĴָָһľеʥĻȼҸĹ 
ǧ˻ţһӿԺм䣬˷ܵظŶ˹һ𺰽УʥĻȼĹ 
ʱһ¿߳Ⱥ˹ߣһ仰Ҳ˵ﱳϣկڵλȥ 
կԱߵһˣ׷ɢ˿óһ· 
ֻկȻţһŮˣڿԷˡ 
ɷ˹عկǰſ£ͷ 
ɵͷ˵ʵկּ⣬ǡԸչŮ 
կϵĶлϣǴ͸㡣 
һӷɣһŮӷͽ˶ 
Ů˳䣬ѷŴۺá 
Ժ˹˸ΧŶ˹趯Żѣȵ߳ʱˣҲ׷׻Ծ뵽ֵĺ 
Ժ⣬ǽˣ˿յЩˡұŮȥμǵ赸ҲǻĲΧڻ 
һֱҹǲŷ׷ɢȥ 
ƣصȻۣʮָˡ 
ѽʲôʱֵأ֪Ҿлʱʲô龰Լһˡ 
¾߽ˣҲܸˡһֱЦϡ 
̫ˣþûôֹˣԣӦǴûôֹ 
ˣȴֺȻԼ˵Ӵ۰һȥϢˣ̫ˣ 
һ˵ʲôǼƣӣҲûнסˡ 
 




һʮ ʬ֮ʬ

       μǾ͸ˣǹúͰٶס죬Ĵһ棬裬ʲôġ ʢȴֻôӦסһ졣Һͳ¾կӺĴɽվɽϿΧȺɽͷ羰Ƿ羰续˼ɾһ㡣 
ɽʱ˸ʱǸҡ 
һ֪Ҫ˵һɾʯͷ档 
ǵȻˣʵǺεţںη޵ʦλˣ 
ֹǫˣǣûеţֻǴСʦɽѧѧֻһЩƤëյˣ 
ԭɽһɵĴˡƶΪկӷԲʮ֮⣬ԸʬΪ 
ŶԭǸʬˣ 
ǰʬ 
˵ǴӣȻ 
֪ʬΪΣ 
ڽʬ飬֪òࡣʬһֱǸص࣬ձΪʬھ֮Ϊ˼ûֻɱѪĻˡ 
˵ûǼԹϣ𣬱֮⣬˵ʧ彩ӲԹΪѪΪʳѪй޾Ĺ¶ 
ָ߼ 
ֿ֪ʬ 
̫ 
й˵ľʬ˳ͷϵʬʬ˾ͱΪʬһ֮ǰʬׯ߹̶СꡣʬһźɫʬͷϴһͲձñѹżŷĻֽϡЩźɫʬʬǰһִͭĻˣһôеС࣬һȺʬǰߵġҡһ壬ҹе˱֪ܿͨй˼Ұѹʬϣʬòʬһһÿ߰˳ԶһƶΪ֮Ҳ 
еˣΪȴҪȥ¾һԣҲеߵ˼˿ǣû˵ 
ʬҲֵͨΪ˼˵һֵȼΪʬʬߵȽʬǽʬʬû˼ҲûߵȽʬǳɾĽʬ˼Ѿ֪½ɺ£ΪͻȻʵ 
ʲô˵ʬҵȻ£ʲôϣŹֵû½ʬ 
á˶ڽʬڿֲΪ֪ĽʬѪģǰǣһʬӵӣĶ㣬Щ֪ʬµˣȴýʬҧʬȻǿˣʵˣɢʬõ֤磬ʱ׽ʦС׽ˡ 
ðʬ׽ˣǾ̫ƽˡ 
ǣҲкε˵£ҽĿġ 
˵صˣȴͷԣæʵε˵£ 
һ֪㲻һˣȻ˵Ҿ֪ǵʿ 
ʿô㲻Ҳ𣿡 
Ҫң 
ʲô£ 
Ҫȼˣ 
⻰ôôԽԽͿ 
˵꣬ϵĽʬֻһĸСһΪҲнʬˣʧֱһֻʬˣǸʬҲεشεţʬҲˡںεȥºʬһ߾Ǳεشһ˺εסǸطѷԲ֮ض˷ɽһһȫʬûһ⡣˴ﾭһҹ֮䣬˴һʣٶˣһٶƥûлŵġӴһûٸҾˣ˵ֻҪ˴ﾭͶ⵽ʬĹǣЩģһһҲһʬȴǵһĽʬ֣һҧ˲ӡӴɽɽԲ֮ڿһҲٴﾭʬһѾǧĽʬˣ˵ʷһʬ 
Ȼأأ 
ûˡ 
ҪҾ˾ȼô£ 
ˣ߻üҲǿ㣡 
ʲô£㵹˵ 
ȴӦԸⲻһоˣ 
һºأկйأ˼һ󣬳¾Ҳǵ˵ʲô¡ǵ˷ҪȴӦſϸҡ벻ʲô£ʹӦˣֻҪǾˣҪʲôС 
Ǻãھ͸㣬ɽǽʬеġɽ˴ԼʮҺķʮ꾫ѾɽΧԲĽʬշˣʬǣǸĽʬʬȴһֱûбҵܹ˼бһ˸ߵܹûͨ˵״ҽϵʬڸǵһŲҧȫʬٵҧˡҺòײŸٵʬϢɽկ֮У϶ѾҧʬҪƵĻƷȥҳЩʬֻҪѻƷǶͷϣҾܴ뿪 
˵꣬ؿкüӣҴû顣Ҹô죿ǽʬ·һ𣿿ѾӦﻹмҲܲȡ 
ҺΪ˶վ˵ãԸˡһҪһߣ 
˭ 
ҿ˿¾ߣѾվԱߣҲҡʵ˵Ļֻ˵һ䣺߰ɣ 
ҼߡˣǰҲǵʿҲܾˣ 
Ҳǵʿ̫ˣһ˶һ 
ѧֻǷ¶߰ɣ 
Ǹ磡¾߿ңᣬҪˣҲˣ 
㡭߰ɣ 
Ҫһȥˣ㲻Ȱˣǲߵģ¾̬Ⱥܼû취ˡ 
ֻ˵ҲУҪ粽룡 
İɣҲµģ 
Ǻã˶ԲߡΪ˰Һͳ¾һ˵ǳ֮󣬽կӣǰҰѰұҧˣûҧ֮ʱƷǶͷϣһҡЩʬͻߣһȫϵׯҪ˽ʬΪ˵˹ؼĵطҿѶˣ˵Ҫֻ˫Ľʬİ취һ֣ܣ 
ܲǰ취һܲǡ¾߲ġ 
ҪԸʬҲûа취˵ֻʬΪˣǻûģֻҪǷһ˵ĽȥȻȫö 
Ҫѻ˵ķŽǻǱҪ׽סУô׽סأ 
Ҫ׽סֻһ취Ǿǳ֮ʱɵ·ϣͻȫ޷ĻǾʿķˣ 
һ⣬ûл˵İ 
˵ģΪ˶ԶɽһȻ˵ƶԸڳԼʱ򣬾Ҫ鷳λˣ 
ҪԼķŽʬǻ!ҼֱԼĶ䡣 
ƣҲ˭һңҲ˰Ϊ˿˿ɫֶ˵ǻկȥɣԺʼж 
 
 




һʮ¡ʬ

       ԺҺͳ¾ŻƷʼж կԶѾ뿪֮⣬Ǵ¹һ£Լˡ󲿷Ѿ˯û˯ģﶼеƹ⡣ 
Һͳ¾ߴկβʼҰկβס廧˼ңȫûеƹ⣬Ƕ˯ˡ 
Һͳ¾ƿ˵һ˼ҵţûկܰȫҼһšǽȥ֮ߵңֻ˯һˣ߹ȥţûʬ 
ҸҪߣֻ˷һ˭ 
һһ٣վﲻֻ¾˵ҵģ˯ûҪû˯ȥ齫 
һûлشִĵسš 
Źغãֽ˵ڶңǼĸˣŮɷϱ͹šǶû¡ֽ˵ġ廧˼ңǶû¡ 
կβСʮӣѾկβ鿴ϡ 
կӵм䣬ҲĲˣסŽһʮ˼ҡҪһҹ֮䰤Ұһ飬ӿٶôУ֮ǰеʬҳĻǾͻҧˡȥկӻģ 
ǵĿǰûҵһҧˣҲ֪կж˱ҧˡ 
Һͳ¾ѾϤôˣŻƷһҵš 
һˣϢ˯úܳ߹ȥȻһɶĵʬζҼæƷ˵Ķͷϣƺһ£Ͼֲˡ 
ǸһתͿһŮ˶һ뷢ζĶվǰǣȻһ˵ϡ 
ʲôˣɷʲô 
ûŵϵʬͶ˵ɷ򱻽ʬҧˣѾѾƷˣǶɽʬģסҪȴң֮ǰͲҪ˺ͷϵĻƷߣȥˣ 
Һͳ¾߸մ߹û뵽Ȼץס¾ҧҼæϻƷҺó¾ûбҧ 
Ҳʬˣҿûˡ 
ܿ죬ڸڷҵСҵǶҧˣɢŶҲòһһŻƷ 
ǼӿʼǽȥзˣҧˣеĻǴڸϻƷ֮ʱԽԽоĵĳء 
ϻƷ͵ǵ̣ 
Ѿҵ˾կͷԶ˼ˣһǹúɰļҡ 
Һͳ¾߷˽Ųһһӡţǽɵķ䡣 
һҲûУ 
Һͳ¾߸Ͻ¥ȥúͰϣС˵Ż 
üжתҺͳ¾ߡ 
½㣬Ǹ磬ôˣþȵ˵ 
¾Ҫȥõ֣һ߹ȥװǵŹãȻ԰˵ɺøûǾƣڻɣѾȷǶû¡ 
ãȥҪйȥþƣҼæֹ 
ˣͣկѾвٱʬҧˣҧĶʬҧˣǸϽҸȫĵطغãǧҪҧˣ͸ϿܣǻҪȥʬˣ 
ҸҪߣȴһסˣҰ㣡 
һнʬæȥסڵ£ʱôˣ 
¥µҵ˹ţԭû˯Ҳ֪˽һҺͳ¾ߣֱ˶¥û˵ʲôҲûҧ 
֪˽ʬ飬Ҳ͹ðһҪһȥˡ 
ֻðѻƷָǣҵʬȻ˷ͷжѰʬ 
ͻȻ֪ΪѾʼʬˡЩ˻Ʒ˷׷״ԼկмĹϣΪ˽òһһÿ߰˳Զһկһʮ׵ĳӡ 
ǼҰңڿҪеķӶˡ 
Ǵһҷҿ˿ﱻʬȻһʬϵĻƷ紵˵ϡ 
Ҽæ߹ȥҪٸһšֻʬѾѲ˹ 
ŬŲҧʱ¾߹ˣһŻƷĶͷϣֻʬֻ΢΢˶٣ҧΪαضҧУѾˡ 
ȻǰͻȻһѲƷľʬҧľʱסҵҲɿˡ 
ҳ˻ħ˳ 
ԭΪ˾ңֻ˵ϣ־ܣ 
ʬֹͣ˶ľҲûáֻΪˣЦƾ㣬һССҲշң֪˭𣿡 
ΪҲ˵һߣ˵ǽʬ֮˿ٵϵһʬ 
ߣ㻹еУҿ㻹ʶȤ㣬һԷһ 
ҿǽʬƽò࣬ѵ˵ˣж̫æûע⣬ȻҲ˲ӹһ١Ϊ˺ͽʬţ·ϵʬˡһѾկڷأߣҼæСģҪȥ 
ΪͻȻ˵Ҿշ˷ԲʬʬߵȽʬͽʬΪˣֻʣˣңҲܲˣ 
ԭͬĳʿ㣡ˣ 
ʬ˵꣬һ󺮷磬ΪϮȥ 
һֱʱΪ˼֪ˡ 
һѣͲ˳¾ǵȥͽʬƴ 
ҵֱʬץˣȻһ϶ΪѾóûƷɵķ£еÿ 
ҼæһߣֻΪ˽ǼʬȥʬģȴվﲻΪ˸Ϸ¡ 
ߣʿʲôϷʹҽʬ㣿 
±ˣʬһȫѾܶˡ 
ߣ㻹ǿҾ㼸ҷ𣡡 
ʱһдΪҲһвá 
ʬȻˣվЦ֮ʱڣ 
Ϊһ˽ʬţһ㷴ӦҲûСΪ濪һӣʬʧɫѵҪ 
Ϊ˶û˵ҽеһжˣ˵ǰذףһԼؿڣ˳ 
ҼæǰַŶ˽ʬķ 
Ϊ˻ʣһǽʬ˵ֻ˵һ룬֮ʱҲڣ 
˵ȥʬͻȻս忪ʼԽԽһ죬屬ΪƬɢȥ 
Ϊ˵ˡ 
ͬʱ˵Уˣ 
 



β

       Һͳ¾߻ص֮ڴӦ޸ˡ »֮ҹͻȻһ⣬ʱҲΪʲôҪӢʿΪʲôҪͽӢһˮʵĹ֯ԼٳٲϴӦ޸ҵԭ 
ԭɹŵɽͷ͹ͬʱͷϴҪЮѡҪȵʱѡ˾ȹá 
͵ʱôȲѣȴʵҪٸһλĻѡ˭ 
Ҳûض˵ǻ˵𣿣 
ȫ꣩
---------------------------ûϴ֮ݽ--------------------------------
Ϊ(www.i7wu.cn)ûϴڱվĴ洢ռ䣬վֻṩTXTȫ洢ԼطƷ֮Ȩ뱾վκιϵ