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ԣͬʱҪһǶߣֻ߲ʹ죬ڰƳ߳µнٶ趨һٶʮϡپǶԶߣҲܹĽƵƵһĿʮУеҪ֪˭˭˭˭˭˭ôˡ 
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       ѱϣȻָ£һһһÿϰ˵룬״򲻶֧֣лл 



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       һʮ£СܷżˣҪؼң㣬ټϱѾдˣԾһɣôҸɵȣҲȴһ׮¡ Ľüһֱ֧ҵĶʹһ£declerɫ⾣άﺣciacмޣһز֪ߵغСӣҲе˹ʱ龰ȻҲϣһֻ벻µðվҲ˵һֶδ֪δĿȻû⼸λѵͬ⣬ӦҲ֮ͻȻװգǺǣЦ 
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ֵŵĻҼ֧ҰɣЩһϴڶ飬ѾдˣȡһЩʱҲܲʱرһС£Ǻǡ 
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һ Ļ
һ ȴ

       ͷˣӻû һ˶ż۾ֱֱضǸڡҲǸڣǶڿҲøغͿֲ 
ǳ˵ȴ֮⣬˭벻õİ취ֻܸţȡ 
ż㿴ңҿ㣬ӶԷ￴ʲôϢȴһĪչͽơ 
Ͳסˣһ߲ʱؿһ߲ʱؿڣЩܻ˵׻ûָˣûָǸϽ취 
Ұһۣ룬˵ƨûָƨİ취ҿû㡣 
˵ʵҲżɼ鼱ȴʱ򣬷򲻵ﲻæ෴ʹø㡣Ǿͻˡ 
ǰĺֵܣŲҲȵòͷˣĿת˵㿴ֵܶȥôʱˣǲİ취 
֪ڴҶżɨ˴һۣҶĿջңֻܵӻ飬Ҫ˭İ취𣿡 
⻰ɲ԰վһǮǸģ㵹ãԼ취 
⻰Ͳһͷӣ֮ǰ̸Ǯʱͼˬ죬С̴죬ھѹңʡһ治ףôͶôˣһԽԽûζˡ 
Ĳ٣⣬Ҷá 
㿴Ӷȥôʱˣô 
˼ҽȥ 
ҿû˼Ǿ͸ûָˡ˸ϽĿڣϺͻʹ档 
Ҿ֪û˸ҽȥתһ룬ûǾҪѴҶŪ̫̫ΪãϾӦ԰Ϊء˵żҲżڹżҲûãԲĵȵȡּһ䣬˻ֵġ 
ŲͷȴһΪȻӡ 
⹷ҾͶ 
ٲ˵۾һգգؿǸڡ 
ٵȣԵĵڣǰѾԹÿǶʮӲӱ㴹ͷɥػ˵Ѿߵͷˣ·Ȼ·һ˵ҶйΪѾˡΪսʱһЩҾ֪϶ϰ֮ô˵еΪ˭ˣһͰ˸ڡ 
һЩͬ˸֮УֻڱȽҵ˼˵ֻ֮ľȣࡣҲ²⣬ڵλãӦ嶫ĸеĳҲܿ϶Ҫʣĸеĳأ 
оʣµˡȽ֣еĸÿ֮䰤úֻܽһײӣɣȥ֮᲻ϳһ 
ʣµǸҲǵһԵǸߵĶڶ˺ܴ룬ҲΪԭǲŵһξźǣӽȥʮӾͳˣɥ˵Ѿߵͷˣ· 
ȻԵڶڶǵһǸҲǾееһΪ򣬵ҵֱΪոջ䵽ѨʱԼ󿴼ճһĨȴҿ϶ˣԽȥԽòҿ϶Ͼ¹Ҫͷ͸Ǵⲻáе㲻ңƽ˵еʲô䲻ȣԼֱһΪŵġ֮ôţԭȻҲܼ򵥣Ǿҵֱһ׼ 
һǲ׼½ۣް̣֮ҾļɣҾԭ 
˵ˣҲûǹעһɵĵزӻҲ١ 
νǾϽĸеһΪǰƼпǳ·ĶѾˣҲ²ʣµһҲǣѡĸ޿ܵĶʵûʲôݣֻƾ򵥵߼Ҳӡ͸о 
㿴߹ҵ˼·ֹ˰Сʱˡұϣָҿʱ䡣 
ţҵͷ˵ֱ 
㣬㣬ôЦһȻͽˣ֮ǰĴŲ顣Ϊʵһŵ㡣 
ҪȻһ绰 
𿪣Цва 
֣ص˵û⡣ 
ǿ 
Ųȥˣ߹˵ĺֵܣͱүˣ˵˵ǲѾˣ 
Ҫ˵Ųǵʦүˡʵ˵ҸղģҲǲȷ׿вУ͸ǲö֪ˡֻΪ뷨ǿһЩղˡ 
ŲŲߵһߣ˵⣬ڻ˵ʱǻٵȵӣ˵˵ż 
ŲصشӦһֻҪĺֵ⣬ǾͲˣȥ˵ 
ҵͷŲ߻ȥ˵ҿҶ߳˸Ǽɴ̾ҪãŲסˡ 
ڵȻֹۡҿѾȥСʱˣôȥʵǲУ±ģʲô⣬ҿµû 
ھںڣүү߶Щɵ֧аʲôʱôûú˵ˣĶ֪Щ⽨а˵ȻһҪϴóء 
ôϹţֹ֪˰СʱӻһļûУҿеˡһֳܱһŴҶûţ͸鷳ˡ 
ǲǶˣ߻ȥ̶վ 
Ͷˣˡ˾ǻࡣ 
ŲѳԵĸҷְַɣʳﲻ࣬ǵö 
ŲӦһӱ϶һĸһֻʼҷʳ 
˼ζңҹܿҲֻñԷ 
ⲻһ磬պǳƣӦ÷ĬĲܵģûСҵӡ 
˷Ҹ˵ҵýȥӡ 
У̷ҵ飬ȥô죿ɲܰҪһ 
϶һҾᣬ͵ʱ 
ôǰ˵ҲȥҵӰŪ´˭߲ȥ˵Ĺˡ 
Ųл˵Ҳ϶Ҹղ뵽⣬Ҹʹɫ⣬ױסˡ 
ʵҸղô˵ûҪ˼϶̫ףҵָ붼ŪˡֻǸߴһұýȥӣһֻܵҵ˵ 
ĺаգһֱû˵ҡ˵ĵܵܣΪȴ˽Ȼͬ˽ƻ䣬壬ȴʵĬĬԡ 
˵ʮա˵ҲӣѰˡǾңҶҲˣҿȻӣֱֱжʮ׵ľѨղǿЩ֦ѻҰɡ 
ֿ˿ϵˣҪ޹ŲģǸղŵʱĲˣûʲô󰭡һ飬װڣͷֵȥ 
ĺֵܵȵȣŲסңתϰɣҲòš 
ҲáҽӹŲһֱڼϵʽԶǹְӵݸңؿ˵ȥء 
ҵͷ˶ 
 




ڶ 

       ࡪʱΪխСʮ֮ȻѾֱˡ һ·ߵò죬ҲϵֵĴȥս£Ҳܣⶴе¿խΣȻ󲿷ֶ˹ģȻվãۼȻԡ֪ʱ˶ 
һΣڵϼһͷҿ˿Ӱĺ˫ϲ 
ӣӣҷſɤӽûһӦ 
ǰߣӱǰԿһЩûǰͻȻһ֨֨ʲô֮以ĥģȥƺԶֵ羡չȥʲôҲûп 
ӣֽһûлӦҲҴ⣬ֵĴӽ⿪̶ڸ첲ϣȻժ²ǹһӵšƽŲǹѽŲᣬǰƶȴûˣһֱʮףҲûٳ֡ԷģҲӿһЩ 
ֿ̧Ѿöʮˣ˴ʮףⶴƺһҲûҪͷ˼иоⶴЩ䣬ҲǰµһұߵǸͨ⵹ʡ£ҾͲõ·ˣܿԴһȥ 
ʮףѾǳˣһȦֹ񷶥߸ϣޱ߼ʵĺڰҸоһ˿һѹ֡ 
ϸܵĻûһ֮ȻҲûеõʲôõϢȻ͹ƽǲûĶڻ̵ȵȣʲôûСЩʧҲ϶鱨׼εû׼ҪֶˡҲգõҪ϶ǮĹ˵ȻһݶҲûа취жķøһ²Уй޹ԻҵҪɲܳʦδԩˡùԩûضȥ͸ԩˣֱԩϼԩԩˡ 
룬ҵĽ¿һûֵͣҲһֱҵ˳ȥʮ׵ӣⶴƺףҲЩˡ£˵Ǽٵġӵڶȫޣû׼һֱⶴߣⶴжҪǳǻãϼ첻߲ͷϾɽûô󡣵ǳأ 
뵽ұֱð亹ҲЩˣŲҲ֪ӿһЩȻû뵽ǲ˼ӣת۳ˣǰ澹Ȼһڡ 
ķѳ飬һأߵһ 
ƾоĶ䣬ǻȥ·һȴѲҲǳȥ·Ҳȴ··е鷳ˣ߽ȥܻܲصǸ⡣ 
Ҳ֪ԡԥһȻ뵽Ȼ³çںͿߵһӦû¼ǺŵġҴֵ磬ڵΧϸȥҵһͷʲôõĵĶҲûз֡ͷȴ棬ڶһξ룬ƾܶ϶ӽһǿ֪ӿ϶Ҳ֮ǰԥһʱ䡣 
£ͷֱһӣûлӦûİ취Ҳֻðһˡ 
ҾǸ˼˻ΪӦǣȥʵûкʵĶӵã¿ӸãĶһ޶ģǲ˼ǰֻôӶץһŴ׷ڶڡ 
 




 

       ҽĶһиԵĸоղŵղŵĶһΪݲ֮Ϊ¶Ȳһˡղﲻ䣬һȴϸо䣬Ͽʼóģһֻ޴Ĺ˿һ ֻܸӽһһ̽ǰߡ˶ʮףûκηֻ֣ԽԽӳʪҶڵϾȻˮѵⶴһֱģΪʲôûиоѵΪⶴ¶ȺСһҳԾСŪôˡ 
һ˻ϵˮˮ࣬ˮԡҰǹرϣ⿪һ򡣶˳Ծ鷢ˣȻģ˵Խ룬¶ӦԽģΪʲôԽȴԽʪѵɽɽĳˮ˼䣬ǰͻȻиӰһٶ֮죬 
ҷӦҲܿ죬һ˦ժǹȻѸٵؿڶϣֵŸ첲ƶɨǰǲûпʲô 
ӣҴһ 
ɳҵڶƣȴó棬ÿ¡ 
Ĳ˰ɣǶ˵Ǵ˵еĶҪһûնԸӣ赽׶Ķȥ˰ 
ҰֵûǹҲݹȥһֻץһŴ׳ԶֻܽŶڣǰߣֵҲˣרҺǰ棬ҪʱǰʲôһȥˡⴿǸоΪһƬֲֵָһ֮⣬ʲôʲôֳ浶ǹظһ͵͵ʲô 
ͻȻ֮ѹˡҲϲо 
 
ҴЦ׳ֵɨһȦʵûʲôɵĶǰߡ˴жʮףﵹָֻǰƽƵġƽǱĳΣաʲôأӣʲôӷ˼£ 
أ˵ز˾һǴΪá²ԥӿŲǰ· 
һԽ߱ԽߵѾĹģˡͬƺѾж˹ĺۼֵ񷶥ЩʯһһǾļǱ̬˶ޱȡЩ֣˵ﲢӦǿ˹صòֲĵôҲңȻ컯֮ԶҪ 
һ̾һн˲ʮףⶴƱҪأûһͣȿˮһͣ£һһ˼ֵûչȥҲû뵽ǹֻһһ֮һŴ˸⡣ʱҴֵ磬һֻͷԵţֵһգŤͷӡ 
ʱҲ̵ģԭֻȻͷǴ˵ȻҲûʲôõĵˡﻹЩëëģֻƹȥǰûϤϤ@@ͻȻˣһ㡣һֵһգҵ찡һȺеĴСС 
Щۼϣ֮ͰһŴ׳Եһʣһ߳һ߷֨֨Ĺֽ躧ˣáײˣҵøϽߡҸŤȴͻȻˣղڶڷŵһŴףҲڡЩڣԼ̫СʱҪſӵͲڵˡ 
ںҲûãǸϽߡһһ߾;ŲԾԽԽҲԽԽͷһмֻȻβҶһҳԾСæֵǣǼֻɢȥȻ¹⣬ֵ˼αϿ뿪ɸ׷аΧҵơҲҵ飬ȾܡЩٶȾҲǳÿ죬мֻѾܵǰȥˡֻƺЩңҵֵ磬ûбƵ̫֪һǸطӵϡҸûܣǰԽԽ࣬Ѿ޷ƹȥˡ 
ʱĶѨø󣬵ҲٲһƬƽءҳ׼һλԸߵĵطȥûż׷ңؾۼ 
ظô죬ܲԵ޹ʵؾͰɡȻô̶̵ʱۼǲ֪ðģƺԽԽࡣԴУȥֻ·һֵɨɨȥһƸߵλãȳ嵽ǸλãȻ취ͻΧôζֵ磬ȴٺˣȺǳڶѨ֮У۾ĸйѾˡ 
ǲǹʱҲ𲻵ʲôã̫ࡣȥͻȻ˿ڴŴףҲʱһǱץŴףһһѵһΧȥ֨֨طţеĻ˻ҧյһӵǸߵϡת֮ˣٴΧ£ôȥҲǰ취ڴѾûжˡҼػֵ磬һ֮ʱһֻᡱһ˹̧һ߸ţһڵϣһӵϣֻһƬ֨֨֨֨ű㿴һɭɭĹǼܡܿǼܶмֻᣬΧסǼƴ˺ҧ 
˿ĭƣ轩ʬֲһٱ 
ΧסҵԽԽ࣬ڸֵȥѾ߼ˣֻض󡣿ʧˣʱӦóûôʱƴȥڿˣҲûˣûﱻɶɡ 
Щƺû̷ܹ˼ȻмֻҽǰԾԾԣһŲǹȥڵһźšˣ϶ڵһźšӦһֻͷŶԡ뵽Ҹеһֻбǵͷͷлӳ졣ʵ̫ˣҪһ̸ֻףһֵɨ˼ȦûпĿꡣҼʱȴһֻͷһȺĴӵ·ڲԶĸͷЩֹ泤ʮ֯}ˡ 
ջֵһ㿪ʼҾǹܵøˣȡһûдУǹûдСѾ˾ֽ֨֨У̿ʼңֻеһĵʹ˲ϸһǹȥһ죬ҵԽѡѪȲסֻܸӼŭǣǵķĹԡϸЩֻ˵ͷ貽ǹңȻΪٵҵѪģ֪ˣ̫ˣһֻôһǧֻô 
ǰһֻʣȫƬ̼Ը⡣涼һƬһƬѾһƬĺˡ 
ԽԽ죬ȴСȥȻƴֵʱұؽ֮أһûһȫʬ뵽Ҹȫ޶־ֻ첲Ҳپʹ̣ˣȫˣû뵽Уξ󾹻ô 
 




 

       ԽԽ࣬һŲǹֵۼѾˡȻҾҪֿ׼¾ʱͻȻһŵһŨصĻҩζ̧ͷһһֵĹԶ ӣ 
ֻһһ߸ߺ𾪣ŷҲ 
ҴЦһûЦҾͿ͡ȼŵըҩǰӴҲǾУըҩӵҺܽҹ˲˵ҰҪըҰ 
ӼҴס󺰣 
һع漴һ룬ȫĶ 
棡ִһ 
һͷһſĶһͻʯͷҲΧס˹ȥһסʯͷʹȥջعͷͿһŻ⣬š䡱һֱõضɽҡʬ屻ըúɣϱõѪҲˣĨһѣȳޱȡ 
ս󣬲ǹȻҲȣֻ΢䣬ǰŲǹһɨһƬҶ㱻ɨһߡǰһʹһɨǧǰһƬء˷Σѽ֮ңʱҲʼˣղֻǱͻĴˣֿʼ¾ۼӵĺѾûпհ׵أȫһһѵ 
棡һ 
ӻͷһҲᣬֻǼӽǰɨǹ漸ֻͷӵʯͷ棬ǹӸңԼסʯͷһ 
ôû㼰ʱɣ 
ҴЦãͬ 
˫һҾ˵˵ҪȥҸϽס 
ӿң㲻˵Ҫͬ𣿡 
˵㿴档 
ʱ󲻵ûм٣ڼࡣЩ˵ѱԵƤëʣԱվΧ촽ȴ棬죬Ŀ 
һͷ˵ô죿 
˵ըҩ𣿡 
˵ûˣڱʹǸСġ 
һٸʧ鷳ˡ˵ 
˵ʲô鷳ģ㿴ɱȥ 
˵ܣ֪ⶴж󣿡 
˵˵ô죿 
˵롣 
˵⹦ѾϣҪ׼Ĺˡ 
밡һߴһ߻ǹ´ֻͼ 
һû뵽취ҸеЩ꣬ȥˮˮ¿ڴһӲӲĶ 
ˣŤͷ˵ 
ʲôӻڻǹ󣬵ɳܿ죬Ѿ 
˵ƺ𣿡 
һ̵˵ܲ𣿡 
˵оˡ 
˵˵ôɣ 
˵ҰҾƺóҲƺóӴ򿪣ǰһãһǹȥȻ֮󣬿϶һյأȥǰþƣұ㿪ǹǰտ·֮ܡ 
˵أ 
˵û˵ءҲܿȥһ·ƣΧȦ֮ǹ 
˵ƣô졣Ǹӣ˵Ҫƺ 
ȵȡס 
˵ôˣ 
˵иС 
˵Ķ 
Ҳ𻰣ֵ翪ʼǸҲֵң鶼ûҵ 
˵ģǲ˰ 
ܣ˵϶ǶĶˡϸҡ 
һȦͻȻǲֻ 
˳ֵչȥȻĽֻΧסһֻ󣬼ʹΧм䣬ҲȻܹмͷжô޴ 
˵û 
⻹ð졣û˵Ӿǹ飬ҸһƻúܣӱҸ죬ȡһǹˡ֮ͬʱͬʱҲѾ߸ߵԾһ׸ߡ 
ң˵϶ֶˡ 
Ҵˣ߸ߵصص˵ϣ漴һˡ 
һ˵ǹô 
аӣ˵ǰҲûͰ 
ӴЦǹԽԽ׼ 
˵ˣ˵ϻϽ׼ͳƺҪ򿪸ӣΧȴͻȻһû˶ 
ҿӣҲҡҸϽֵһգȴΧסǵ󶼲ˣ·ʱһӾֹһһʱûŪô£Ҳסˡ 
Ȼعͱһ˵㶰ӣˣ 
ԣ죡Ҵ򿪸ӾҪþƣȴͻȻˡ֨֨˺ҧ 
ûɣ˵ 
ܰҲˣοǡӴֵȥգջãһ֮£ˡ 
ԭΧסǼֻѸײڶٶҧ֮ǿʼɱһ±ҧǸݣצϣ˲ֻ߰ϱ㶼ѾѪģееˣеİƬ̼ܵò֪ӰֻʣֻǶƴǽƴ״Ҳ̶á 
˵ӣ㿴ô£ôԼ˸ˣ 
ûشӣҿŻڲֻĲʱ򼸸غֻʤѾֳˣȻһֻ˺ҧֻм֮ûл֮ˡ 
˵˵ӿǹᣬʶˣ˰ɣ 
˵ǣλӡӣ 
˵԰Ǻ㡪Ⱥֿʼӿˣû˵ȥѾ쵽ˡ 
ӣѾѡˣӴһ 
ǹ˲ȥսʱѾ䲻ݷȺԱǰĹǳǻѹ̤ת֮ѾγһɲһΣһ˸߹һˣӽǵһˣ벻ף治֪ж󱻲ˡȫֵĽǶȿȴȫֵáֻҪӽǣҺӻϾûʲôˡ 
ɨһۣ׼һԵһЩλãѾǰһãҷѿ۶˰šȡһһŻѸӿЩеĴҴܣһһյ 
ҴһӵԾУһһ˦ơҿʱһǹǹǹˣȴû졣 
٣ûӵˣҳӴ󺰡 
һҲԥǹ򣬡ڡһһŻ 
һƬң󲻱淽ȫʧЩûŻҲ˾ţҧҳסһȥûΧ̣һ߳һƣƺʵ̫СƲƺҲˡܳһΣӻͷһǹҲܴûУŤͷܣֱܳԶˣŸͣһۣһƬ𺣡 
 




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       һֱܳǸ͸ĶѨƺյġ֨֨֨ĲҽҲ󻹳һɻ˽ͿĹζ Ѿ͸ˡŲˣ޹Χ̸ʲôȿǻ󿴵Ҷվӭ˹ 
ɣɻǣһֽˡ֮飬ȷʵԱҿ˿̵ǳģҲôˡ 
ĺֵܣʲôΣյˣŲҲʡ 
šҵͷҿûдһȥȫ˼ֱܡ 
ʬ˰ɣŵۡ 
ĺֵܣŲҵĸ첲ůů͡ 
ҸߵߣҲ˻Ӹɴ·ˣڻȥ 
Ƚʬ¡˵ 
ʲôֵܿ˵˵Ųˮݸҡҡཹཡڣݸӡ 
󣬡˵ǧ󡣡 
󣿡ĸ˶۾ 
˵ЩѪѪѪ 
ҵͷһɲǣڻζĻӳ£ҵϰ߰ߵģȫѪ 
šҵͷ漴˸ơʵڹ˲ˣһûⲻȷǶ˵ǲǴһģ 
ӵͷǸ֮˺ܳʱ䣬ֳһڣǸʾ֪Ӽ˵Ҳ֪ĸǳһ̣ԥһǸ 
ǸҳԾشӡ 
˵ǰ 
˵ǴǸ߻ģ 
˵ǣ˵вУûӽ˵ʼǸţԽԽʪⶴ϶бû׼ͨصȥˣƲǳڣ˻ұǸ 
ȻߵұǸͶˡ˵ 
˵ʲôˣ 
˵µǸǻġ 
˵µˣ 
ҵͷšȱ˵·ʲôûУ 
˵ûУǸ˺ܳʱŻ 
ʣô֪ĸģ 
˵һ˽㣬϶޹ģһһѰ· 
ٺ٣ҿЦһڻ޹󸹣ô˵ûҷڶڵŴˣ 
˵ʲôŴף 
˵ҷһŴǸǣȻû϶ˡ 
ǿ϶ˡҲûҷŵŴװɣӷʡ 
˵ҲŴף 
ӻ˻Դ˵ǵȻˣҲñǰȻҳôң 
ãӵļ򣬡ȻϸͷһΣǵ 
Ӳм¿ 
ĸģʡ 
Ǹָһ£ҿֵա 
šҵͷָܽĶеһ˵Ȼˣһ϶ˡ˵ָָϵһ 
ʣô֪ 
˵Ҳµġ 
㲻ʲô°˺òײϻƽˣѾٽ͡ 
˵ô죿 
˵ǣǡ 
ŲϽץס˵ĺֵܣǲܺ˵˵ˣܲһֱڹﰡ 
ЦЦ˵Ųüз첻ˣϢɡˣҾͲҪˣһԡ 
⡪ҿֹ 
ôˣ 
ĳֵܣղǻûʱ򣬴Ҷ˵ˣǾȳ˵Ų˵ 
Ŷζػһ֯޼ɵĶ֪ʳʣ࣬ȻҺӲʱ͵ԡҸĿ˵ҲԵɡ 
˵ҵȻóˣˣֱǰ󱳰 
˵˱ƶˣ԰ɡϴҹ˭վһڣ 
˸Ͻͷȥ˵ɡ 
ţΪأӦò£һǶһ䣬ǧ˯ 
˵İĺ硣 
ǵͷԻ 
 




 

       һһǲģֻкһЩʯͷùֱǸĶµģֻ ضٷһЩûҾ˯˹ȥʵ۵ùꨡ֪ô£Ժ˯òǺҹʱȻˣʹʹ˯ȥȥȴôҲ˯š·Ь߳ 
û뵽澹Ȼǹ⣬ֻҹ˾ˡҹ·һʯͷΧ߸ģƴſľ޿ڡ 
̧ͷ죬ҵΪϵȼѨҲȻϵǳӦʱҷȥֻǳҲȥֹղԭҰӪʱҲġֻʱǴɽˮûѹҲûкڰĶһ޼ʵԭ̩ĿڵȴǴĲͬǱȻ֮УΧδ֪Σգ˵ʲô벻ն񣬾͹ǴҶܰȫؾ㹻˸˵ˡ 
뵽գֻ˼ȿ˵ʱĵһӳɽȻľѨǿΧа˿΢ǹѾûлˣǰĲ²ȫõӡ֤ 
ǣλĹѨλ˿ţӦô˸ѨÿǣĶѨңӦֺҲò̾Ѩߡ۸һߵһ㣬ῴң⹤ҲСС֣˸ѨǱһ֮һ֮οķˮ֣ȫ˹Ϊ˵λĹ֮ǰѾ֪涨Ȼۺϣ⻯γЩȻѨģֻȡɽ˵ȹұһ 
뵽ҲԽ̾һ 
ôĺ磿ߵ̾ˡ 
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û¾ͺáûڵģûϵҲЦЦ 
ô᲻أ˵ҹȥ˯ɡ 
ô˵ҡͷǰ֣òã治 
ҿ̬ȼҲͲǿ˯ȥˣ 
˵ţȥɣҲһˡúϢ첻ǻӲҪ𣿡 
ǰӲҪ򣬡ظĻ 
ĺ磿һû°ɣ 
˵Ŷû£û£һȥ˯ˡ˵ 
ҺȻһ⣬ǰԹӻ˵·û˵˸ӦǾ۷ˮ֮ڣЩɱĹ糩ˮáҴΧ˵ӦҲˮͨ˵Ȼش´½ĿƷΧڣ󣬵ϾҲڣĹѨ֮УȻˮҲ룬꣬ЩԷãˮɢ 
Ի˵ˣЩ£߱½еһ۴ΧʵʣǶкġǶĹǿǴĲˮ˶䣬ʹѨѨԹڵʬ屾벻Ӱ죬˵ʬ䡣 
ȻҲֻǴҵ;˵ķˮƲġϾʬֶ޵ļεУһֱԵüô˵б޻ӦúúüһװС 
Уо·ˡȻĹλô϶ûг·ֺԣ·϶ǰ˸֮Уô뵽̲ס󣬴ʱҲŷ֣ǵΧǰ˿ǣֻԽеšҲţѾЩҰˡ˿£Ҳʵ⣬ֻǲ֪λˮˣǷϵ£ 
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һǲģұ۾һ۱٣ֱֿһ顣αҷˣǿǵĿ½ǣһСǣǺܰҺһһӦþλˡӦѨҿʼϸϸؼλú;룬ٲǵλãȷһһȻ򡪡ǶҽǵǸǽڡλҲǰǸԣǸΣգȻǸţôԵģȻšλλڶҲȷˡ 
ҰסǸλá 
 




 

       ϵʱ컹û Ҵ첲ȣһͰѴҶˡŤŤҾŶק 
Ҵӱҳʴߵҹλϣûұڣһ㣬Ȼ𽥽û󣬵ȥʵĵģ沢ûʲôذ֮Ķһǲģкõɽٿ 
ˣŸͷȫһ𵶵ļƣԲ˸첲ҡ 
˿Ŀǿڴʵڱﲻסˣ˵ĺֵܣǸʲô 
ҳ·һشһǸϽսϴˡ 
һսϴ죬ȫ˾񣬵кŷַʳ 
һûʲôչ˵㿴ǲǲԾôҲ 
Ҳƣ˲ϧţֻҪţǱض 
ϵҡ˵ 
ӰѸλƵͷһȥһҳһһ߼Ķڡ 
߽˿һ·ȻСãòһԭұȫʯҽסģһ 
˵ˣЪŰɡ˵ǼȥʱѾ൱ˣкס֣ȥԷҲΧſˣȥԷɡһ˶ 
˵ǳխСֱֱ£Ҹ̨ͻ𣬿˫ŵסֳģֻǲ֪ķⶥжĻǿֵ÷һۡѾܲôˣȻѾ֪˳·ӦǷʱˣҾ⼸飬ҶĹѾ˺ܴȤﵽڣҲЩȲˡ 
ȴҶԱ㣬ʰԭ֧ĵطȿͷ˱ȥŰСʱһСĵ˳Ȼֻңȥù̽˼ΣûʲôͬĶȣ²ʱͻȻ֨һͷӲ֪ڵĹıˡĹϵһֽ𱣻װáͬĹдСһȻҲдСкдΣĹı൱޴ݻġȻĻҲ 
ڵ˱ҲҴ⣬Сذʱؿⲿ΢𡪡ǹϴɴ˿ƶĹӦòСȫʯҽʵʵؽɡ溰ǲڵˣ 
ǣ˵ѾڵˣⱦзʩһС 
˵Ǻð죬ҵġ 
˵СĵĹǲСбڡ 
˵á 
Ȼȥһһͣ޹ɢĿתضӹ 
ںˣȥѾˣӷЩ۲ȥ 
ҶԱ֪ⱦ൱ʵøݾȥ¹󣬳һƣҼ£ƱһЪɳʵס 
һˣŵʱԽԽؿʼӿɳԽӿԽҰкգҿ˸ɳжʮӣɳŲȫкɽ˼£ȻҲûվסѵƴȥڱ̣֮޶ 
Ӹҵһ֧еţȻطŽȥмӣֻһֱʢȶĹĿ㹻ˡ 
˭磿ҴϺһУξɻĹأǲֻܼǼˣزơ˵һӦûʲôġ 
漸㿴ҿ㣬˭硣˵ɡ 
һ̶Ͽ֣ȿֺ 
 




ڰ Ĺ

       Ĺһ졣 ĹȻܴװҲ൱ģֵɨ֮ǽ϶˸Եĳ棬ũµĳ棬Ҳսĳ棬̹ǿٿȥǰЩѾٵÿ֮ȴһһĹͥһЩ಻Ϊ϶ǰ硣 
һЩ̫ţǳʣ˵Ƕ׿Ĺ 
˵Ȼ㿴Щ񣬻м٣ 
˵Ǿ֪ûúһꪴʺֱʱ˾ͽڽִնΪءʿ֣Ϸһӣ䵱Ƶˡȵȶʰ׿ʬʱҲֻҵһЩĹǼȻľ壬ʱȴŭǴģѶĹײĶˡȶȵᣬζûгɹʹʬ屻Ƥëʣ 
˵ЩȿȣҵȻ֪ȴǶ׿Ĺһм٣ĺֵܣҵġ 
ǺǣҸЦˣʲôã 
ӣ˵Ĺײı׵ˣ𣿡˵ô̲סʡ 
˵ǰ޹ҰʷɲţҲȫŰ 
٣û˵ӰͷһŤ 
߰ɣ˵𰸾ǰȥ֪ˣ 
˲˵ʮֵľǰ·ƶ 
ӱ˵ӦþǵعˣȴһǻֻǴһⲿλƵģΧĳҲܼ򵥣ǽϿдĸ֮⣬ĹҾȻտҲ 
ǰжʮһµĽݣխ˲Ŷȥע⵽ǽϣҲûˣֻһһʯ壬ȥ쳣 
ǰתһ䣬սǾʮȵֱǣ̨׸£״ġ 
һת䣬ӦĲˣҲ㡣 
˵ʲôûӣ 
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˵żĹӦô򵥵ġ 
Ȼˣ˸Ͻ˵Ƕ׿Ĺ 
˵ǲǻһء 
˵㿴ĺֵܣôǲң 
˵ֻʵ 
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˵Ҵʲô㲻ͼҼøƵģޣԼӻ㻹Ҳɺӣ 
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˵ӵȻ˽ǿĺӾûŰ˽ǿˡ 
˵ʲôʱֳŰ˽ˣ㲻ŷ𣿡 
һʱƶ죬Ͻ˵ԶԣŷɡŷɰŪ˲ҪɱŪˡ 
˵Ϊ˶Ƶġ 
ȿȣʵڱﲻסˣ˵λǲ˵ 
𼱡˵ 
Ҵӵȥӵλ˵ǲǶʲôˣ 
˵ûаʲôҲûǰš 
óʴǰҵãȷʵûʲô쳣 
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ղŵôˣһҲеֵģʱ 
Ҳ֪˵Ϊˣ龪һ 
˵ĺֵɱⰡǼСɶģ 
˵ǵϢ⵨ʲô 
ˡٺ١Ц˵ 
ûӵҺ棬ǰߣһֱĲ̨סǰһεʯţһֻʯʨһһƣ۵Ľ²һ 
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߹ȥϸؿ˿ʨͷͷϵһʯëѾʨͷŪǲܵˡ 
˵ҲѾʲôˣ 
Ų˵ô죬ĺֵܣôţ 
ΧתȦһբšբţֽǧբ˼壬ǰŰˮբԭżȼֳأǺＸʮʯ塣ԿųҵϢӶأȻƾǿ϶еġȻҲǶǰµҵ־ʿ˵ģڿƼǻըҩֻըҩϾ²ߣΪըҩ޴󣬼пܴĻأ򲻵Ѳá 
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˵ʲôأвУŷɾըҩˡ 
˵ҡҲңʲôûС 
ˡŲ޹ʼˡӻƶҰڰֹˡ 
ĸһûз֡˵ӣôֻʨӣ 
ҼȥҲǰ취ҲֻðһˡôҶ˺ԼվʨӱϣһȻѸٵԾֻ¸¡һ죬Ȼûˡ 
ʱʯȴʼˣųصʯͷײеʯһֱĶ㡣ֵǾȻûлء 
һˣ˵Ҫѡ 
ҡһû˵ŲסңĺֵܣûоﲻԾ 
Ųôһ˵ҲоȷʵʲôطԾˣŲԴӽĹһֱû˵Ӧڴġô˵϶޵ 
˵ʵ˵ҲоһʱûﲻԾ 
Ų˵Ҳ벻ܸо⡣ 
һΪŲʲô֣Ҳû˵ҲǶ̫ˡ 
Ų˵ϣǰɡ 
ĺ磬޹ղû 
棿üͷҵעһֱϣûע⣬ʲôˣ 
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һҲпܣ˷յĿռûлˡ 
ҿŲҲͷҲٻɣתȽĹҡ 
ĹұǸҪ󣬹߼֮ǿֵճȥȻ档 
˵ôô󰡣˭׿ôĹ 
˵Ͳ֪ˣҪǶ׿ĹĻһҪСġ 
⵱Ȼѽĺֵܣôǲأ˼ˣһֵý 
Ų˵ĺֵܣΪʲôǶ׿ĹҪСģ 
˵ǰҲ˵𣬶׿ǲģȶζãҪǶ׿ĹĹķˮһС 
еŲͷ 
ĹҿȥӦǳεģ໹ܿʮףǰľȴܴǰ˵ֵ綼ղͷ 
һǽǰߣǹﶼǹһ֧ǵġȻŲһ֧پ޹һ֧ǹ׳Ƶڣũ˴ԳõӵΪɰ̾ʹ޴еɢǹֻһΣȻҪװҩɰǹṩġʣµ˰ңõĶǹûǹ£ʵҲһ 
ǽϵһЩڻܸʴȽأɫ󲿷ֶˣڼԭݡ 
쿴ʲôǰ溰һ 
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˵ⲻǶ׿ҵ̲˸װɣ 
һ°˶Цˡпܰ˵û׼϶ͬ־ǰͰԸܲʲôģҲð״ϡǱ߼ȥ 
ҷ԰ӣһ˵ҾӦǶ׿ǰһܲû뵽ͻȻˣ¿ɻˣõܲûءô죿ãɴɡ 
һҲ֣˵аӣʲôʱôˣ 
Ұӻˣһ˵û𣿡 
˵ˣƶˣ򿪿ɣʲô 
ӰĴ̵ϣȥһ̲˸׵ĸӱ㡰ॡһȥڵ£ˤ÷顣ֵһգһͶ𣬲һͶ˵ϡ 
Ҵһ˳ְһֻǹɺӸֱֱ֮ȥŨī۲ɢ 
ʲôǹҪȥ̡ 
˵ǰһסӣϸźĹﲢûз磬ź޷ԶȻʲôࡣƣ˸ϽˡȻǵĽŶûһźǸƮ˳˸׿ڵʱͣһ£һ̽ͷ̽ԡ 
ٹ˲ϲ鿴׿̲˸ףһǱشĹ⳷źһ֮Ҳ׼Ŀ꣬ƮƮƵظǷ˳Ƕ޿ɶ㣬ֻ·ϵˣһֱ˵˵ڶ̨סں溰ȵȣȵȣû׷ 
һͷһȻǳʯű㲻ټ׷ϣֻĹҵĲ̨ƶǵƶĵ״Ҳڽر仯տʼʱǲһţȴ˴״ԽԽϸơ 
ĺֵܣ㿴ʲô˵Ų 
˵ڻ˵ϣҿе񡪡 
ߣԲԣŲǳ϶˵ 
һԣȷʵ񡣡 
Ų˵ǰ˵һЩȡķ˵᲻ǰߵĳаķƳȻĹ 
顯Ӿһ 
ҵͷŲ˵û⼫пܾǡ顯Ų֪Ըߡ顯ķ 
Ų˵ҾͲ֪ˣʵҲֻǲ³ģҲǵһμֶ 
ĺֵܣôô찡Ĺȥżˡ 
˵ӣδۻ𣿡 
û˭ֹ֪ڵ飬û취ⶫʵ壬Ҳʹϡ 
Ʋˣ㶨ǣĹͽȥܲܰϾͳ˰ɣУԲУ׹Уξͷ 
ҿ˼ڤ벻취һ߿ļ̧Ȱȡǹ 
Ҽæȥ顯һӱӵɢˣһؾۺһ𡣿ǹõġôô죬ǹס顯Ȼǳȥ滹ţҲҸʲôѡ顯赲һ¡ 
˵ӣһ㳯顯ȸҳȥ˵ 
һҪðգͰ͵˵ваĺֵܣɿɱȥ 
˵ֻˣҶ;ϰɣ 
ҿУŲ˵顯ƶʹȥûа취Ҳ˳ 
šҵͷȻӵļ˵Уü 
áӼ̺ 
˵ǹɡ 
̧־ǹĸҲԥһӾͳ˽ȥȥ֮Ҿ̿ʼͷĹңֵ֧ټĵعȥ⾰϶Ϊ׳ۡڿûȥЩӻΣ֮Уǲиһֱжʮף󿴵һڣûţ˲ˣкӽ˵ɻûкԼܽˡ 
顯أʡ 
˵ɢˣûɱνء 
ô˵Ҳ˲ϱˣû׼ǹϼ䣬顯ʧȥĿҲͲҶˡҸϽѴҶйһӵһĹҡ 
ĹҲСֵţչһھͷһšһһһֻʯʨҺȥһһʯë¸¡ʯӦ¹۲죬ʲôΣգǱ롣 
һǶһĹҲεģֵмزĸ餡ߵǰſмй餣ǹͺͺĹײġ 
˵壬Ųڣע㡮顯Ӹҿסǹ 
ĺֵܣղûʲôŲоɫ 
˵˵ĸ¡ 
Ų˵ԣúУǻǴ洫ġ 
˵ڹܲôˣսپ˵ĹҵĶϽǷһ򣬿ȶˣк֡ 
ȸһأŵɽҡ 
Ƴ۱ϵûй餵ĹײģȻȴмǸʼ 
ŵɽĹ餣餷ǳ֮󣬹ƿһװ룬װ룬ȫʯƳɣ϶֮ҧϵ÷ǳܣһʱ޷֡ 
ʯ龡˵ҲӣԼ餵ĸϸһʯ龣ָϸҴӰóͭӺ͵ʴͭӳ׼ʯ龣䦣һûַԵû˼£ȻȻžһʯӦ䡣ӿⷽЧæң죬編ƣʣʯһһÿȻһƿʯ餵ϸǶʯǶأһصġ¡ӲҷԸֱȡ̽צĹײġû۲һײġóײĲľģǻľˣôûľײأһЩɾĶûľףѵͲթʬ 
ӵĹٶȺܿ죬ѾѹײĸǶ˵»ζˣҰѹȥһѾײĶһһشӹײﱻ˳ȵȫˣҺһʹѹײĸǶƵ±ߡ 
ôô˿ײ˿ˣܹ 
ҸϽ˵ڰ顯 
˵ûû£顯ûõġ 
⣬⡪ɻ̧ͷ˵ǲǶ׿ 
֪˵˵ 
ʲô˵־ҪȥöҴһ£˵Ľʬթʬס 
ŶԣԶԡżæŵشףȥǸǸͭһĶҹ˲ϸײʬȫע 
ʬͨһɫ£õòϵȻûˣٵģϡɱ档Ĺƺûвûʲôķʩ£ʬܱ浽ѾѵˡĹҪǺһǧ߰ٶ¾͸˷˼ 
˵˵˭ӣ 
˵Ҳ֪ 
˵᲻Ƕ׿ 
˵ҿ񣬶׿ûôߴ˵ˣ׿ȫʬǸʬ塣 
ͷ˵ǻ˭أ 
˵ôӣɲ㰡ܲôˣ˵ 
ԶԡӾ͸ȻƵģ׾ʱȣҲ˲ϸײ˳ֶװ˱ 
δ˵ʬ滹ûˣ 
˵Ӧûˣһɡ 
ȥһͭӰʬ˿һ֮£һʬﾹżԱҪơֱһע˵ʬﺬΪǰεСС֣ʬƨҲûУزˡֻдͨ嶼ɫһֻ״ȡ۾ϼ˵áҰһ񡣵ҹȥˣȴ˰ʬ͸ϣһ˳һǸϺɫĶԲ⻬ԲҲ䣬ǸһĶ룬žǴ˵еĶʬɣǲǣڿɲҶһʬɷͬСɣȵ˵ʱ˳ҲˡְǶŵʬ 
ʱѾһײҲ˿ˣֻһ˰ 
߹ȥȫѳƷͭ鱦еĶãһײġ 
ӽлŲ޹Ҳչһ֮Ҳϲɫˣºˣ㲻һˡ˻࿴ţֵúϲ£졣 
˵˷ʱˣϽðɡŲ޹һ˳űһ˴ѴѵҲá˼ѣȴѾˡ 
ղżô౦˶˷쳣ڸ˼Ѿͼ˵Ȼֶвʣôôһ㰡һ߰ʣµļװһ˵оɥ֮⡣ 
ܣ˵ôһײģʵĵģʲôв֮Ķ 
˵ôһãȻˡĿ˾ֶһõıȻˡ 
һûҵвӼ꣬˵漴ɽ䣬ȥв㱻֧顣ֻ΢΢Ź⣬һʱʲôȵӰѼвȫֶһ̾ 
ֻвŵģһ׿ףһһͷڣһꪣһ 
ӰñֱȥǰꪣأһûѣӺһȥãí˫һᣬꪱӹײﵽСǺöһ˵һһ£˲ 
˾ŵһϽ˵ɲǺģɲǺġ 
ҲЩ֣ʲôʱ򰡣ô档˵ӣˡȴûһҴһӣ 
һӻعҿһֺһʲôҾôһɡɱ뵽ҰвãʲôŹ֡ 
Ҷ˵ 
ӿңȴһ 
Ҵһ 
ॡһꪵڵϡ 
Ż˹ôˣҸղôˣôǶҾйҪɱ˵ĳ嶯 
˵ɱ̫࣬渽˺ص 
Ų˵ֵӵ磬ȻǿɶýˣǺǡ 
ǲڣ˵ҲǷˡ 
һ˵ǰ˭ŷҲ 
˵˰ɣ˵㻹ϴˡ˵ҲٴӣͨΪɫصҾӨ͸ֻ䲻񣬵Ҳ֪ŲǰȻشүʦүӦöеʶҰݸŲ㿴 
Ųӹȥ﷭ȥؿһͻȻ˵Īĳ 
ɣ˵ĳ 
Ų˵пܣĺֵ㿴˵ָҿĵšá׭飬ʻپ 
ܵ˵ײĶѵȫƷ 
ŲҲ뵽ˣָŹײһЩ˵ĺֵܣ㿴Щ֮ 
һдͷϽڣͷףϵʨַꪣ³޻ɣ˵Ȼ֮ֻôᱻ 
Ų˵ҿĹ򵥣δؾǶ׿Ĺ 
˵ǿɡѵȲˣҺŲͷǲͷ 
ôһߵǣӦץʱŶԡҲ˲˵յգװװͻȻ޹һ򣡡 
һĻ治֪ôͻȻҡʱҲһͷһ⣬ʬ岻֪ʲôʱѾһϸϸİë嶼΢ز 
ôĺֵܣŲǿס¡ 
˵û£ȰѸӸϣһʱҲ 
˱ȥ̧ʯ餵ĸӣֳֿ߰˰ٽﲻֹ˷ţŽ̧ȥǺáʱʬѾȫʬˣָڲϵʯͷֱӵﶼëëġ 
˵ǰëӰɺӣ 
˵ǣôӣ㿪ˡ²£ 
һظ¸˭ˡ 
ҸϽˣʲôʱƶǰҪȥʣµĹײģʱ䲻ˡ 
ȥҺǼѿʰʱʯĶԽԽ󣬸Ӷʼ»ζˡҲҴ⣬ϽȡīʯݺᵯīߡһйȻãʯɲʱû˶ 
ŪЩѾѱϵûʯ餵Ǹײ˿ˣҹȥһһ߹Ǽܣ֮⣬˭֪Ųһ֮ȴʧɫ⣬⡭ⲻ߹𣿡 
ϸһȻ߹ǣ䳤ȿ֪ 
˵߹ô÷ŵײǲǰײòˣ 
Ϲʲôֹס˵ˣͳɣҲˡұ㶼ˣΨвʣ˵аӣһء 
˵Ҳûʲô߰ӣȳ 
ҡҡͷ˵вУô˿ 
˾Ҳ̰ƣǷ·ҪԼۿײġ 
ҸϽȥȻˣǾץʱ˿ӿҲġʯȴͻȻֻ˼ںߺ߰ĺֵܣ 
Ѷڰ֣ԵһȡȻͬһȥǹײģҸײģϾȻճһϸɳһĶȵȡ˵ֵؿҡЩſһţ֪ۻƣȻվãѱ˺ɫȷۻơҶ˵ˣ϶Ҳ߹ǡ 
ô֪ģӽŽɵؿҡ 
˵ۻƣ϶Ƿߵġˣ߰ɡ 
ôһ˵ʰҪߣȴͻȻ޹һ顯 
 




ھ 

       Ҷ޹ĺ֮˭Ҳ˲ϸȱﱼӡ޹һȴͨһڵϣ˼¾Ҳˡ ԭ顯֪ʲôʱѾĹңһֻסţһֻѾش޹Ʈת߹ 
һ±仯̫죬ҶӦǻعʱ򣬡顯ҺӵľѾֻм֮Զ 
ǹǹӴŲæתǹ顯ȰȰȡʮǹŵ򰡣һ顯һǹˣô§ղס𡣵ǳҵ֮⣬ȴûʲôã顯Ȼǹн΢ͣһ£ȴûɢ˼һ˸ǽҺҲɵȥǰ΢һ̽˳ǹײһɨץһۻ 
ŵùꨣŲĹҵĶһʱ֪롣Һ򽥽ƵĹҵϣǡ顯ߡڵʵЩһۻȥҲûõĻҿ治֪ᷢʲôˡ 
顯ߡۻ߬ţֻоﳱʪۻƶ챻߬ʪˡǰһҾÿ顯ȴֵͣˣһ֮ת˺Ųķ߹ȥ 
һ仯ִ֮⣬˺ŲŵòᣬȾġּ£˵ˡ 
ʱ顯ѹмĹײģ˺ŲѾܽҿҲûбİ취ȥһۻԡһû߹ȥȴ顯ǳŲȥģΪмĹײ֮󣬡顯ûת򣬶ǼֱֱߣĿ꾹һ߹ײġ 
һ߹ײģ 
뵽Ұ⣬һ߹ײ߹ǣѵҪʬꣿҲ٣Ц˰ɣ 
ŲҲˣĺֵܣ㿴⣬㿴⡪ 
Ҳ߶ʮһɿܹȥۻƣһô̶̵ʱ顯Ѿ߹ϣţ߹ǴͷʼֱβͶڳһǹײҲʢסӴžһѿʱֱӣȻһŤһɾұɨţվȣ˼ˤڵϣۻҲ˵ϡӸϽҷ˵ǽǡ 
˺Ų֪˭һǹߣ߾Ȼδˣ˶Դ󷢣һ첲ϸβͺɨĹﵽʱɰʯҺӻǿ֧ţ˺Ųɵˣ˴ڵϣһ 
ҴŻعԾ֮²һеسҺӵķܹʱҺӶǾΪҲϾʣ顯һ޴ӸսУǰһһүүڴˣ 
һ֮£ʵǶ׳˲ٵӵұ߿һԳ֮ơʱǲ˵ȫϢӣԴ 
߽ʬ֮ٲͬڡ顯ƶٶ֮ǳģղŻĹҵĶ棬ת֮ӵǽšͷոո߸ߵ̽𣬱֡ಡһ¹Ŀ꾹ӡӷӦҲ죬һͬʱӽһʵʵͷϡ߳Ի˼׾룬˼תҹר󰡣ҾʹӲĹһߵͷϣоȴ֣һʵĵƤϣ˵ӲӲʵеԣֱҲղסҵ϶ûӴ߱òݣһѸٵع׼ȻҪӾ㱻ˣҲ¶ɫ㿴Բ˸첲ʹϳ̵׼ɹʡû뵽һȴһǹͷڰ·תӹȥҲû뵽ѪôһУֲ֮£ʹһ¿ܿһ 
ҸǱΪʹȴգһ°ԼˣҲҼÿ죬æֽŲãûйߵĸ¡ôһҲǿŴ¶лɳˣȻҲԥſڱҧڵϾ𹤱赲ȴзɹһֱţ߶ţ˻һʱѵӵ档 
û˹˵ǹ˸ϽǹݸӣŲȻһʱȡʤûУҲ˲٣ڸһǹӵ 
ǹ֮Ҳ׼̧־͡ȰȰȡֱӵ⣬ÿһǹͷϣȥǴƵģ˳˳߸ûһӦӼѴ̵ϱֳȥߡ߾ҲӴηһһȥ˼סӿɲһףҾͽݵƽƣҶúȻ 
һˣһֱ˵мײĴӻǰƽߴҲǱƼˣŤͷβӺɨһԾ˹ȥǰĹײȴ㲻βһɨһķѣ¶һɭ׵߹ǼܡҰвãŹȥǹǼܸ˸ϡáʱһͷſǡ顯ȻѾڴҶ˺Ų˵пյͿܣ 
˵ҳȥӺ϶ߣȽһͺðˡ 
߱ͶӲټҴ԰æ޹غӳ׼һᣬݵ߾٣һ¶ͷʯϣ𹤱ºģһ£££һһصſڵϣͷںĶ˵Һ岻Һ壬˵ֲ壬ҺжܿصĹҵϡߵʱҳû˿Ǹסſڵġ顯һĹǼܣûйǼſڡҰһң¿Դˡ 
˺Ų˿ҲһŲ˵ֵͽ 
۵˴ţ˵ǣ˭ŷ° 
Ų˵ǣҲ 
˵ˣҿôܳȥɣʲôˣôйϹ 
˵ȥѡ顯ȳȥ 
˵У̫Σˣ顯ٶȲ죬ɱѶԸöࡣ 
˵Ҳûбİ취 
˵Ҳһۻƻûԣû׼ס 
Ų˵ԣۻƣǧġǲ֪⡮顯²¡ 
˵ܵԡ 
ȥۻơ˵վͻȻ߾Ȼûִӵ̧ͷҡһŭɶ̵Ҫȥûǰ߱˷һĹ˦첲ϸβһɨβ͹ʲôɨ÷飬һʱǰԽԽ裬ڸƻһĹײıȫɨ֮ͻȻǰܳףȻһͨɨͼһβ͹ȥǷסʬʯ餺Ȼпȴδһطڵϣˡ 
⣡ҴһӣҺ¿ӣ 
 




ʮ 

       һʬҲһϽܻȥҺ¿ӡٶȳȥץһۻܲܶԸſڵġ顯 顯ƶȥˣ׼ۻƣȴѾһͷһ󾪣ô̶̵ʱ䣬ǽʬѾʯվѾܸߣ⽩ʬӻ߳Դָ׶ѳ˴ϣϣ¶ĵطϸһëʵİëӡ 
ѾͽʬһҲ˲ʲô顯ˣϽܻȥӣһһңʬơ⽩ʬ߱۳ҼΪҲǾ޴ޱȣצÿһץһ硣Ȼ󣬵ǲ˲ռֲ㣬мζЩǽʬץСȻһЩȴûӴмε֣һǧ߰ٶϾͺһ 
ôȥаӣ˵ 
ǡô죿Ӽ鲻ʱ˵ 
˵ٶ 
ã˵ˣһûü˼ͱʬצиţ͡һ·˺ôһӣû˵Ƥ⡣ӿҲֳֻ֧սˣ˵ 
ĶսϽһԾսȦʱŲһţӹһ¿ӣֽס˺¿ӣһ 
ҸϽкӣӣˣ 
֪˺¿ӣ㼱ˡǰһ壬ʬע⣬˭֪ʬӺ˱׷ϣǰһ壬ײڽʬϣҼÿ죬æûײڽʬצ֮ϡˣҲʬײڵϣʬεֱ֮ײؿѪӿſڵϴϢֹϹңǽʬ죬һ֮ף룬æֽŲˣʬһûȵҵĽšҲ˹ͦǹֱ̽ʬĺ󱳣һĴ̵һҺӶԾСˣŪ˰һﵶǹ밡 
ʱʬҲףѴ⣬ֻҪҾȸһ¿ӳɽʬ˹ȴתȥ׷ӣӲòˣǽʬӵ磬ҽƣһʱҲ벻취ֻһˣ˵˵ʱӴһǰȻǹأӺ˫ͬʱһߣʬסһӱ߳ȥԶͨһڵϣ漴ִӵϵһ 
ҿͨ˲ú¿ӡ 
ǰܣʬںңӳ嵽ǰҵȸ˽ʬһʬתҡһ߻Źһˣһ˵ǽǣ޿ˣʱʬһ±ǽǣ˲ܡʱˣ룬ó¿ӣýʬצұһ¿ʬȥʬҧһĹüһײʬ˸ӵ档 
Ҫȴʬˣ´֣Ŵ˵аӣģ 
Ҳ縺ȺָŽʬ˵ⲻǿȡӣѧŵ 
ѧҵĿ˵ţͷһΣǵ 
˵㻹ѧɻû˵꣬ǽʬתӺһ˹Ҵһſ£ 
һҲû룬ſڵϣﻹڱԹʲô¿Ӱ 
û˵𹤱ȥֵʬӸֱӴӺ汧ס˽ʬȣʬ˼ûѡһ취Ҳԥíҿһùë߰˸⡣⽩ʬüˣһȻӵ˳ȴʹùһһ׶ߣû뵽֮ߣһʱ㲻˵ڵءһʬ˵ңＱ꣬˲϶룬Ҳһ˹ѹڽʬϡҶʱѹô 
˵ҪѹҰ 
ӸϽ£ȥǽʬѽʬ⵹֮ӷڽʬϣסʬ󡣵ʬ֪ĶһִӵϵҲͷصײǽϣȥ 
ӣӣһߴӣһϳȥսǽʬôʱ䣬Ѿǰ⽩ʬʹһһףצ磬ֱƵҽڽںˡ 
һȥɲУæУŲ쿪ǹǹ 
Ų˻΢һЩҲʵŵòᣬҺ߶µؾǹ׼Ŀɱ򲻵ʬҰ뵽˽ҽһ亹Ųǹ򲻴нʬһ򲻴öʬҲһҪǴңǿȫЪˡ 
ʱʬƵԽˣûӵİҸǶ֧һЩŲǹʬһϢĻᶼңһˣȻ̸ǼغϹȥѽãʬȴԽսԽ£ץÿζץһᣬɹûԲͱʬĵ˫צ˻צ̫󣬵ҵĹأྡྷδӲסֻһףܹҰһգҲʱŲڿǹˣһʮǹֱӵȫ⣬ȰȡǹĹƲ 
̧ͷǽʬмǹϣͷһǹûУŲ´׼ûͷϴ򣬲֪ͷûӣͷϴû׼һǹܽ⣬ϴһǹҲδá 
ʬ˼ǹжûпԵر΢֮ͣҹǽߣʱʬ˫ƽ죬ҿû赲ֻٴζ£ʬʹ̫󣬾һײǽϡҾꡱһ͸ʵʯͷײһ֮ʬ漴ڵϡҼʧʹȫ𹤱ʬͷȥžһ飬ֶۣ 
Ҳ֪һǷãȻҲҵ飬Ծǽʬȴڡһ£ִӵϵɿҡ 
һʱ˰أ⽩ʬĵʲôϵİôǸɴ򲻶Ҳûˣʬڲƣˣ㽻ˡ 
һˣʬһơ˵ǽ޴ˣʬȴһ˹ 
 




ʮһ 

       ѾƵǽߣţȻʱ򣬰ӰȴͻȻһȣƥݵòŷүүڴˣһ޴ֱ˶ۡȴϲӦѹˡ ɵҿʱȴһӾȻ֪ʲôʱͷףֵģҲꪡʱվڽʬ󣬶أݡ 
ǽʬһһ٣űҲܣתӹȥ⽩ʬÿ죬ȥҲ죬֮£Ѿ׶Զڲᵽʲôƣһɣڵϡ 
ʱǽʬȻԶһ㵽ӽǰװˣνб޻ǽʬһȥʱֱ̣ͦۡһǽʬǹεȼʵ̵Ƥëȴһ´˸͸һЩɫճҺȳ˱ǣ֮ŻʬȻˣǰһצֱȡšҶһѺڴĿ˼ҵͷ˼ҵıЩԸ˼ңҲοǰһСˣ£ر 
Ӳ֪ǲҲ뵽ЩʬͣȴҲӲӣæǰ̽ͳʱѴӽʬĶж䱳¶˺ôһأʬצͬʱӽʬҸȻһѰγꪣ͵һ˽ʬĹΧ⼸˵ʱʱ죬ȫһǳɣȻǶܵʽȴҲŵʵƯ 
ʬһ˸գ߳ŭתٶҲ졣תǽ߱ܣʬ׷ϡӽҪܵǽߵʱ򣬽ʬҲѾԶӻͷһۼܣǽͻȻǽϵţȻڿתꪱϷб»䣬ͷ͡һǽʬԴѾ˵ϣˡ˼֮ʬҲͨһȻء 
һ˽ʬŵҲڷ˵Žɱʬ̽ȡһ㡣ãοͷﲻ㣬ʵʵڸһ 
Ӳû˵ɲӣƽʱĺʱ򣬽ô˴󹦷Ĭˣ 
ҼҲҲ˵ֱֱֻվţͻȻ˲ĸоɻûҳʣӵķ컭ѾֱֱҴ˹ 
һĲҪҪ𣿵ҷӦʱϽһ߶ȥһ´̵ǽϣһŷһҫ۵Ļǡ 
ӣһУӾһ軵ˣӰ˳˿׺ͻꪵȫʧˡ뵽ҸǲҴ⣬һһڴпٵ˼Բߡ·ͻȻһʱҲ벻ʲôЧİ취ӹ룬ֻӵĻꪱƵȥ 
ҪûﷴǴȥЦˣֱǰ겻ĴЦʱһ̵ꪴұܵصͷҲӵȥȴͻȻоһһѸץ˻ҽһץ֮ȻתӵһĶ⣬ͬʱһӣ 
򣬶һ٣ұһٵĹֶķ컭ꪣһʧ˱ͻȻ˻һڵľȻʮӺص˵ϡҸϽ·컭ꪸҲŸ˼ӣһһɵ֮ϵشϴ 
ֽű˫ĿգϾްѪɫҸϽȥӵУһûзӦִƺ͸˼СգһҵĿ֮ӲƵѹ 
ӵӣӣô 
ӡѽͷôô۰ֱл 
̧ӵͷһѣճģýʬǽһ¿ɲᣬѪˣȥúú飬ʲôġ 
û£Ҷ˵ʬɵˣҵСܶҡ޲׼Ͷļǿ־ 
ǡӣ۰۵ˡ 
Ұӷֱϸؿ˿Դ棬Ѫһҳһæ˵ŵ㰡šƺĸӣЩƣͷϵ˿ϴɾȻĳ˺һʵʵذӵ˿ڰ 
һߡСһ˵û°ɺӣ 
˵û£ʲô£ССʹͳŲסˣ 
ô˵ҲٺۣһַһַǽվȻ˻Դһ䣬á 
Ъһ޴󰭣кŲ˹չӣŲ˶߶µ߹ŲɫҲ԰׵ˣ˸ȫɵˣľĵӿȥҲǺˡ 
ЪһҸоЩˣ߹ȥ顯޹ûоȡ޹ڵϣɫںڣѪѪҲǺɫģһ֪˾綾Ҳᶯ޹ʬ壬תȥ˸Ƥڴ׽ȥܸߵʱҲˡ 
ź޹֮ȥǿײİ§һۻ׼ȥֻסſڵġ顯ҪҲһ鶾ɣֵǣֵչȥȴſʲôûУΪԼˣֽŲ˿ŲҲ˵ûпҲģִſڳȥֵһȦҲûС 
Ҳҵʱ䣬ϽʱŲѾι˺ˮ㻺˾ڳݻǲ˵ĺֵܣǿ߰ɣһҲҲȥˡ 
˵ȻøϿ쳷ˣٱĸӳҲû취Ӧˡ 
˵ɿɱҰ 
˵ɣûŵӰ 
˻˵Ӵˣ˵ǿ߰ɣҲȥˣͷ۵ 
Ӷô뺷һӣսսߣսսӣΣͷȫˣսҲȷʵ۵ùꨣˣҿʵѹҲԥкŲʰʰ컭ꪵʱⶫϵ̫аԣ˵ּأȴҶʰ˶Ų̧޹ҷӣȥ 
߳Ĺң滹ĹңȻǽعʱʯţһ·϶ûʲôĹҵǽ߻ź̳̳ܶ޹ޣһһ򿪿ûʲôöģʵǹ˲ˣ˺޲̾ͷɳĹ 
һֱߵʯףͻȻһһæӷ£ǽϣܵǰȥȴһˣ·ҽ˼ûзӦұؿȥ˽ǰŷѾˣ״޹һģһɫںڣѪ˴ʱҲϳ˱Լֵܣ±ʹҲȻôʵһˣһĬĬţӲǣû뵽ôһ³ 
ŲȰһˣ˻ڿ޸ֹҿʲôȥˣƽʱô۸ֵҲӲڼ˵ȱˡתһ룬ҵ뷨δЩƫˣǱϾֵܣһĸͬƽЩìܺͲ죬Ҳ֮飬ܶ˲Ҳ𣬻ŵʱ͸ƵģȵˣȴĪ뵽ҵҲˣǰο˵ˣǸϽʬ߰ɣǡ顯ڸ 
һ顯ڸҲס˿óƤӰװҷǰ棬Ų޹˱ں棬ĸ˲άߡһ·ƽ¡Ҿ㶼أ˭Ҳû˵ 
ǸĹҵʱ򿴵ڴһӣӦʱõġ 
˳ȥȥһˮˮ 
æʣôˣʲôˮ 
һżֽˮˮӴӶˮˣ 
һ󾪣漴ˣĹʱŲ޹С¸¡϶ĹĻؿˣĹĻؿ϶ͬʱĻأЩһˮӶҲΪʲôҽǸʱǳʪˮԭˡַֻʩҲδںݶˣȫ 
뿪Ĺ˭˵ȫҿкŲϽŲȴվڱһ۾ֱֱؿźʯס˳ķ򿴹ȥҲһǸղʧġ顯ٶȳˣĹƮƮس߹ 
⹷յġ顯ʲô·ôһһʧһֳģǴλػ׽Բذ 
˵˵֪ڿɲԥʹŲһƣŲعҺȥʱѾʼˮˣȻǺܴ󣬵ϱ̹ǣʹ⡣ 
Ųȥ֮ұߣߣ˵Ҫͷˣǫùþ塣ֻòǫãץסȥʵ̫ƣ˾ţ֮ôŪȥ 
ʱˮѾԽԽ󣬡ʣʵкѾ˼ʮһͷһۣ顯ϾҪĹˣӦûһʱ䣬ҸϽӲһƤڴϣ˿Ӽ󺰣ܲˣ 
ʱȴ侲˵ʱ䣬ȰŪȥ죡 
ӷ˺ݣҲ˲ͷˣѾͰƤȥҲ⿪ֱӰһͷʱˮԽԽ񼸸ˮͰͬʱ㵹һһͷˡ顯һۣѾûмԶˣʣµһƤӲܣҿɲΪ˾ͰϡͿضˣҲǼǣҷɿ˩˴ӣԼӾʱˮѾǳ֮󣬶ˮļˮϣоĵϻһ۲۾ҲˣѾڣӼѾܹңץסҵļ͵һᣬ˶⡣ 
˹ĹҲûмãˮȻĸ˶ݰ׶ˮС 
˵Ѵûʱˣ 
Ǵһ뷢ʱˮ³֮ѾС˺װѴȴһֿˮʱǺɫġ顱Ҳ֮Ʈ˳˼״һһɣƤһ±ڴУѾˡΧİ˸ͻͻزϵˮˮֶһĹӿԽԽ󣬼ӵ»˩һƤӣס³Ѿǳ˵ˮˡȴʹ˷ߴٴʹһȴһԭһʱվˤڵϣбıĴӲ֪ôˣñӿˮУ˻ȥץȴҲˮһֲûץסӡӼˣƵĶ㣡 
ŶˣˮҲ˵ȣȡ 
һһǿ֮⣬ƤҲˡץӱһѵӣϵشӡ 
ĸ˶ʱѹҲԥܵ죬ǰ档Ųں棬һץƤӣһץңˮĶС 
׵ŵǸڣʱ˱һȥһƿȻӰƣһ¾Ͳˣ˵Ƚ 
ִǫã˵ϻˣ죡 
˽ȥȥŲȥȻҰƤӵݽȥԼ˽ȥʱ顯Ѿߡ 
ֳǽֿ˺ŲҲʼҿ顯ƵýҲֻаƤϵҧ˦ֽȥ 
˼ף顯ûиԶʱӡ˺ŲѾúܸˣ˾׵ʱӲѾ˶㣬˺ŲһأҲǺԶʱѾˡӾôҾ͵ӵӡ 
ͷͳɽ俪ʼĶ㡣ʯм׷׵ŵҲ̧ͷôѱͷϣһʯͷԴϡ 
ҵͷȴȻ⡮顯ȻûиȻѾ˹Ĺ²ʹ˱ưոݣǣľѨȻͣ⵱Ȼһġ顯ʲôϰ 
ʱҸоԼĹ͸˽֪Ѿ俪˶㣬㳯˺Ųһȥ 
ʵûҺѾֽŲõˣҲ̧ͷżһЩʯмʲôµһӦŲҲ˳ȥȻ溰ӣ 
ȷŸ˵ӵͷˡ 
Ӵӷģ״һˮֽᣬӽһŷĵȥһѣȥȻ۵ùꨣҲ˲ϢϽֺӡֱ飬ſƤӻص˶ڡ 
ֵЩʱ䣬ʵڵģġ顯ִӾѨˡк˹ȥԶԶվھһʧУˣ顯ˣ 
ҺӻæѴקʱ沢ûʲôΪ˵ѣԼվȥһһֻǡ顯ȣžƮ 
˲ãֻ̫ܶ⾮Ѩֱ䲻ڴϾһЩ⡣ʱǡ顯Ʈ֪ѾƮ⴦һգͻȻһ˻ƵģϵðһƵḷ́ǡ顯Ť˼£űɢʲôûˡ 
 




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       ǡ顯һʧҲŷһֱŵ񾭡ʱע⵽Ѩİ˸ðˮˮƾ޴󣬿ڵɫѲ¼˵Ƿӿˮм䣬ȻһУֱһࡣȻʱĸΣ֮⣬ǰ⺧˵ƣԸ¡ ˵ҪһǾͶĹˡ 
˵ɿɲǡ 
ŲҲ˵ǺգҺĺֵֵܺܡ 
ʱҲɰһңϧ޹˵ 
һҲ Ͻȥ⿪ǸƤڴһ֮£һٿء 
ڴ޹ôˮĹȻ 
һԼֵܵʬ׶ûбס޵øġҺŲȰһҲ˸Ͻʰһ£ɽȥˡ 
һ·ҡ˺Ų޹ʬ塪ӱһҿһԴϵ˿ھѪ㲻ˡһߵþͱȽߵɽµʱѾˣǸũɽԶǴҲûϢһһֱߵũ΢Ϣһ 
˵Һ򲻹߶ʮһϿȥһӾͺۣҸϽѲͷϵĲ⿪ʢͷúܣ綹£ʵڿ˿ڣó˿ڻѪֻСϴϴӰҳϰҩͿһЩٴ·ϳһ鲼Ӱϡ 
Ҹ˿ڵĹѾһˮ嵽Ĺȥˡ˿ϣҷֳѣҺһѡһѡ 
һֳͲһ˵û˭ģ 
ˡٺ١Ц˵޹Ͳøˡ 
˵Ϊʲô 
˵˶ˣֲҲûʲô 
˵ֵһݶ޹ȴûˣ 
˵⡭ֵܻСˣܵøЩǡ 
ҿ˴ʱӦ֪϶˵ġôȷʵ̫֣˵ֵС˼ҾûСˣ 
˵ĺֵ֪޹ǹ¼ҹˣֻϼһճմϵ 
һ⻰ˣ˵Ȼ޹ϵǸӦ÷һݶŶԡ 
˻˵ȴɤţ˵ططֲ֣һ㡣˭֪˵ǣͷͷл 
ʱŲҲ˵绹ǷֵһݶɣϾⶼǴĶ 
⡭˻¶ɫҪŻͷ۵˲˵ָָֻˡ 
̹˵˲ǺңȴмּɵΪĸ˶һЩһͬ⣬ӻͬ⣬ˣȻ³çƽʱ̰Сˣû뵽ģϸǾڼҲͬ⣬̼ʹ棬˵úãֵܱżط־ˡ 
һ˷꣬Һѡ߹ȥתԴһȦȻѡһѣҲѡһѣȻָ޹ѡһѡʵҺӶ̫Щļͣѡʱ򲻹ƾо 
ʱùԼıеװȥȻѱóһǮݸң˵ĺֵܣˡ 
ҽӹǮ˵˵òᣬҵôȥҽԺ⸽ҽԺ 
˵ϾУҲԣԴֵȵȥ˵Һ˸Ҿ̧֮ȾҪߣҸϽһס˵ҺȥҽԺͰ޹ʬͻȥô 
˵ 
˵޹ģܲһ֮ɣ 
֧һ˵ʵҲ˵ҴģҪҳ밡һ޹˶Ʋûб· 
˵ȻҲ֪޹һغ£ͻȥ𣿡 
˵ҲȥʬҲǹһʵ˵ֵָˣҪؼҰᡭ 
˼ǾƲ޹ؼˣ˵޹ϼȥ 
һ⻰ɴ⣬Ͻ˵ˮҹ˵ͷҲصſܡ 
⹷Ӵһֳ𿻱ϵһӹȥ˹ܣĶ뵽滹аһֻƨϣҲûлͷ໡Ķӡ 
 




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       ߺŲʣµһպ֮󣬶˵ĺֵܣҪҪҰֵܵʬȥ һϲϽ˵ãûȥҽԺŲɰһæ 
û뵽Ųô˵ǿһ£ڿײɣҪæ̱֧֧ģ⣬ҡ 
һ϶һ·ɫ˵ŲʲôµĻ߰ɡ 
ŲҲǣҲǣԥһҧҧ˵ȻˣĺֵܣǾʹ˱ 
ҿӾҲûָûȤҲֻŤͷˡ 
ؿϣһ£ҲȥˣȻ˶ƣ벻߶ʮ˯һ˵Ϊߵʱ򻹵ô޹ʬ壬»ܲ㣬һϼƣ̾ߡ 
ˣԼ·ǿ֧ţǾԲˣҪǹһ˱޹ĻµҲ߲ϵҽԺֻȣȥĴ￴ܲĹߡ 
˵ɾ͸ɣ֮ǰһӣǧ˯ˣĳûȺù·С˳ȥ 
˵㻹˯ˣСҲøſ¡ 
˵ǺãȥˡЩ㶼ʰɣҵǷݶ޹ķһ˵޹ҾãǷݶ㡪ûʲôɣ 
˵Ȼ֯ϵӢʲôҵݶòҲϣ 
˵ǾͲˣҾһճմͷӣҲòôࡣ˵ˣҪæˣ 
˵ţҲôġȥɣȥء 
ҵͷת߳ӡ 
ʢʱڣ˵ӹ⾰ȻѾС·ϣٸ˵Сһͱжˡ͹һʱ⣬ǼСʱ֮ǰݹĹһߡ˹ֵĶϻ˵Ҳ٣˰̾ۡ 
ô߰ţ֪Ѿ߳һأǰĵƹ⡣ 
ҼӿŲǰߣƺܽȴаСʱſһʮ˼ҵСӡ˼ﻹŵƵ˼ãûһ˳ţһҲǣڵϹҹģ˼Ҷ֮ΨֲĻиðȻŵģ 
뵽ҲЩʧֽ˼˼ңû˿šҰһ˰ʱҿڴӵıϻһ˼ңҲŵƣ߹ȥãһûзӦˣİһˡתҪߵʱ򣬴ȴ֨һˣһ꺺̽Դ˭ 
ҸϽ˵λ磬šģ棬ҵһˣȥҽԺ 
꺺ʣôܵˣ 
Ұ⺺ӵҲһ仰ֱҪɲʲôʵ飬ԭί˵Ҳֻñѻ 
˵ɽ棬ѲСĴɽˤȥͷˤˡ 
꺺µشҼۣΪʶˣû뵽ȴʹ˵ֻһţ 
һţƵģеʧһƫƧũ壬ţѾˣ˵УţҲС˵ǮǺȴžһŹˡֹһš֨һˣǺӴǣһͷţҲкңǣŻţӺߡʲôʣ㼱æȥǺǰǣŻţͷҲص˵ǰҾˡȻеģҲû취±ƼæˣǿŪɳ׾ڶˡ 
ǺֽŵǺܿ죬ҸյǰûӣţӺˣǰһͣʣĶߣ 
˵ߡָһ·Ǻӱ㡰нСߺŻţΡ 
ţϣҲţжƣ룬ǿ⺺ǫ˵뵽̿û뵽ҰӣҲǫ֮ 
ǺЦͷһۣ˵Цʲô 
һҲʶΪǴٵģıóѣ֮²ʧЦ뵽Ҳ˲ϱʲôѻˣԱʵ档 
˵˵ţҲ 
û뵽ǺҲǺˬ֮ˣЦ˵ҵֵʲôȴԭҸղ˵仰 
ҲЦ˵Ȼģ粻Ҫ֡ 
ǺЦ˼Ҳ𻰣ֻˡнСظţţϾԶ֮£ҲСţȻҲŵ߲УΪ࣬Ȼоޱȵá룬ҲȻûнǮȨλǱϾ֮жԾƵңڣƧ˵ɽҲһܣճϢæʱ䤱ʱѾɣ飬ֱһӰҪһҡ 
ӽһ˼ôͣˣȴ˵ 
һ֮³һⲻǼũôţôߵô죿ղŻճڰ 
ǺӼһȻЦһ˵ֵܻԥʲô 
һ⻰Ǿ治ѣѵһȻ֣ȴһʱȻò⣬Ҹȥ𣿴˿̺ϵĶˣʣһţţڷ⣬ţȴԨţǾһȥȴǽຣңҡҸô죿 
Ҳ֪ʱ򣬱ͻȻһѣվȣһӴӳϵһͷʱǺҲЦؿҡ 
һعҲٶ룬ϽܵСȥӡֵ鷢ˣСﲢûӣСʲôûС 
 




ʮ ʬ

       һСʲôûУһӻˣٳʲô⡣˼Լ侲벻ܳʲô£ܻһЩ˿ģС˼Ȧʲôûз֣СûиղǴĺۼ 뵽еôˣһ߳ 
ҿڣǺӱƵ˵ҵҪҵˣ 
ҡҡͷ˵ûС 
Ǻ˵ҵ 
ҡҡͷϽֵͷ 
Ǻ˵ȷҪҵ 
룬˵õѣҵĸǶңҡȻҪҵ 
ǺЦЦ˵ұ㡣 
ô˵ҲԥٶȷСݣڴϺ˯ 
һȭͷѣԺҾʣղĶȥˣ 
һʱϡͿһ˵һֱﰡôˣ 
֪϶ӵԭˣǺӵĹŹ֣ҲûãߴϽʰˡ 
˵ʰˡǣ㷢ʲô񾭰ղû𣿡 
˵ΣҲ˲ϸӶͣ˵л˵ţ棬ǸϽ߰ɡ˵Ҳӣ޹ʬ壬ҵȳСݡ 
ӻں湾رԹţ˵ôȥô˸ţΰ² 
ûӣֻÿ죬óײǺӣǺȻòȴԲһ 
ǺҲΪ⣬˶ʰö˳֡нСظţˡ 
ӵ˯ûΣղ˯һȻû˯ţһߣ͸ҡƵģһ˯ˣ 
ҸϽǺ˵粻Ҫֵ֣Ǹˡ 
Ǻ˵˼ˣι֮У 
˵˵úܶԡ 
Ǻ˵ҿֵˣ²ó١ 
һ⻰ʱҾǸˣôˣȻ˵ûĻ֣ȴ˼ 
ǺӼҲ˵ҲµҲֻظϳ 
СʱڵϵҽԺ 
ѻ˯ӣԺ˵ţĶˣ 
˵ҽԺˣȥҸţ 
ҿ첽߽ҽԺһŨصĸֵζҸϽסӣƽܲζԼʹиͷȵģԸҲȥҽԺ 
ѾҹҽԺġߵֵңһСʿϴ˯Ҳ˼Сʿ۾˵ùҺŰȥҽ 
˵ллҾţʱӲ˯ɵ߽ӣ϶ղҽ֮һ 
һһҽӴ˳ңҼšһұߵſڣкǺҲȣȻ죬ҹ˾ҲЩ˵¶ˮǺȴڰ֣˼žС 
ʱҿҽӴҳˣϽӭȥʣҽô 
ҽ˵ֻܸˣûʲôҪģҸһ¡ҪԲĻõȵʽϰԺ󡣡 
һ⻰ֲõĸоǺ˵óãӦɣӲŶʮ갡뵽ҲĻ⡣ 
ӿżϻӣֵ˵ˣǸϽ߰ɡ 
˵У 
˵㿴ģʲô 
Ҳܸ˵ǺӸղ˵Ļֻһ˵У 
ӿô֣ҲЩ֣˵ôˣǰʱСҲ֪˶٣Ҳû⸱ӡ 
˵˵ӣθǰһ˵ͷô˵һ 
һˣ󺰣ǻͲ޹ˣ 
Ӳҵˣ޹ϼҡҪҲ˲޹ˣʮ޹һٸ޹Ҳܸһӡ 
˵ܣӣ´ⲻáҿɣ㿪ȥ޹ͻȥ֮ϸϻ 
һжμ̾Ҫסˣ˵ҵģңҺܿͻġ 
ӿ̬ȼҲֻõͷ˵ץʱ䰡 
Ҷؿӣ˵һ 
˵̸ӿ˲ź֮͵͵ҽеһߣ˵ͻһҪúչӣȻ˼ٿǮ 
ҽԺ֮ܳҲҵ飬кǺӸϳߡ 
ǺӻǰӣҲ˵ֻǵͷϳ 
ڵлˡ˵ղ̬Ȳã£ֻ˵óãʲô˼ 
ӻعͷ˵ִֵţ 
˵¹ôܲأǧʵ档 
˵ΰοࣿǴǧӦ֮󡣡 
ЩҪǷƽȻҲûʲôɣڵ飬ȴôҲȥ⺺ӣǲûдҵ˼һģ˵ǲ˵ζ㲻ѣ 
˵ǽѣУô̸϶벻㣿ô̸϶㲻 
⺺ǾƲ˵ˣҲûʲô̸ۣ˵Ȼ粻˵ǿҲûˡ 
ǺӹȻ㲻˵нСظŻţгһ·ˣعͷ˵ĸ֣¹ 
һ⻰⺺ӵĺøжʱּ֡ǰ˵й¶ǻٵġֻû뵽⺺ӿƿһУȴҲǸ˽Сˡ 
뵽ҾʵǶ˵棬ֻϣܾϵ޹ϼң֮㾡ȻһδؾʲôôҲֻоŬˡ 
ֺҵһЩּ⼸ʵڵˣһֱҲûʱúϢҡεţϣһһϮʵ֧ŲסڳϺ˯ˡ 
һʵ˯ọ̀ٴαţѵʱѾ̫͡ڶŹâһЩƲʱ˽ߣͣڰգÿǳ 
ڳλԴоԺġԼǵúһΣȥʱȴûһǵ÷ 
ǺȻǸӣǰųλƵģҲŻλƣ·һҹ˯ 
˵ǵĶˣ 
Ǻ˵ˮ򡣡 
һѾˮˣֻǲ֪ҹжԶ 
Ǻ˵ǰ治Զҹ 
ԭҹҲѾԶˣʱ䣬ˣѾʮӣҹ˴ҹţӦҲж·ֹû뵽ˮȻôԶȥʱҲǸ⡣ĿǰҲ˲ЩˣֻȰǰ鴦˵ 
˽Сʱڿһ籮дţҹ 
ǵطˡ·иұϽ³޹ļĶ˳Ծؿ˿ң˵޹ļң 
ҵͷ˵޹ҹ޹ 
ֿ˿ң˵壬ֱߣߵͷɽиŶԺҪҵ޹ļˡ 
æлϳͬǺԶС 
˲ʱȻһŶԺӦþ޹ļˡǶŶԺɽ£бǰһϪˮˮǲ߽һǺɫľͷţָͭϸ￴ͿʲôˣȻ֪װΣƣԺӵǲС 
ҵȥţһһϸ˳ţЩɵؿң˵˭ 
˵޹ļ𣿡Ҳ֪޹֣ô˵ʵе㲻ʵҲûа취 
Ǹ´Ҽۣ˵㡭 
ǡ˵¶Ҳ˵һʱ֪ôڲźãֻ˵ǡҵ𣿡 
Ǹ˵ҲǼһˣô˵æʣǲǣǲǴӳʲôˣ 
һ˵һ㶣漴һ룬Ӧ޹֡ 
ǵġ˵˵ҲЩѹ鶼ˣô˵ùģԡ 
ϸô˵һ˵ɡ 
 




ʮ 澭

       ҸǸ˽ȥȥ֮ǳһԺӲǺܴ󡪡Ҳ˵ֻԺĶ̫ˣԵԺӵĿռеСȻݣݣҲƫһʵĺԺԺм䣬һɽȥⷿӺɽΪ񣬶ǣڼɽһͰȻһȪðˮɽӦö˹ģһȪˮһá ɽܣ˺ܶ໨ľǹԵģòߣȴïʢ 
ʱϸѾ߽ݣ˵Եһ£ȥү 
æ˵úáתתȥһӵİҲĲ򵥣ŵλãǽһĻһŰǽһŶӣĿذ˹ŶȻҶԹŶ֪࣬ۿȥЩƺҲӦöЩġ϶Ҳû˵ʵ 
Һ˼䣬ȴĽŲ޹ˡҸϽص¡ 
ʱݳһߣӴʮͣܽҲܺá˹Ȼܻ𳵣ôҲճմͷӡ 
߳ҹҾҲϽһҾص⽨ˡ 
˸ƣ֮˵λѣұʵĸףҽ˵ҶӵϢ 
һͨձʵ̫ˣŪҲ˼Աţֻ˵Ҹĺһ֡˵־в㣬ĺЩˣһ˵үүǰϲȡġ 
ͷ˵ڵһشӵ顣 
˵⣬ʡ 
ôλ˵ֱ˵𣿺еףҪǲֱ˵ĻһʱҲ಻õɡ 
ԥ˵Ѳ⣬ʲô˵ 
˵ģҲԥͷβԭԭذ⼸鶼˵˳ 
ڼһԲѾӵʬͻʱ򣬱վ˵ѣȥȮӡ 
æ˵ӦӦá 
첽߳ȥҲ߳ȥţϣѾƤӽ⿪ȴóһΪϵĿˮֽᣬҪϲˣҲⲻġ±⿪ˣϵĹһ㡣 
⿪֮ҲӵȴҪһϽ޹ϻо綾 
Ķͷ˵Զԣһʱ鼱ˡ 
޹󣬶Ǹƿ޹ӣʱҲˣ޹Ĳú˩һ䡣 
޻ɣתҪҹ£ۼֿ죬æסֻ˵Ȯӻؼ֮ûݲ 
ҸϽ˵ÿⲻǾ֮͡ 
ͷ˴ף޹ʬ̧ȥ漴кҽһ 
ӻҽԺأҴӦȥأȻѾˣǿɲٵˡ˵⣬ʵڻнҪܶൢˡ 
˵Ҳһʱɡ 
һ룬ʲôҪ˵ȥҲã˵ҺʲôҲδ֪ 
ʱȴǸϳĺں溰һֵܣ 
һͷ˵ȻѾ͵Ҿһˡ 
ҸϽ߹ȥлǮǺһƿ˵ֶҵС 
һҲǣֻðǮ˵֪մ 
ǺӹЦ˵ʲôãԵ㵱Եкã 
˵һǡ˵ȥҲֻԵҲˬ졣 
ǺӸϣҲ˵ټתţнСغ˼Զȥˡ 
ǺԶȥӰӣҾȻʧĸо 
˵ʲôˣ𣿡 
˵һˡ 
Ҳʣתҽá 
ãһ澹Ҳһӣͬ˹ŶȥƺȸղݵĻҪһЩҲ룬ʲôˣʲôͷ 
Ƭ̣һӣվŶӵǰ棬ĳȡһľУľкԭǹͭɫΪԶЩˣȥɫ㡣 
򿪺ӣóһݵ 
Сĵ˫ֽӹһ֮¸Ǿ治ѡ 
Ƥīɫģиоҹ⻬Ʊɯһ㡣ʹǸЩһϲͨˣһ֮Ҳ֪زǽĶ˳ԾǷƤ棬׭дһ֣زͨ仯΢ݼ澭Ӧһйطˮ֮飬ôôһ飿ѵѵҲǸУξɣ 
ʱ˵ѲܼѣȮӻⱾ͸ˡ 
һôУ޹ʵҲ˵ʲôǾ֮ͣôܽôصĶأҪƴǣȴڰ֣ľ 
ԭϹȻҲǵģֻУξǰɽʿ 
Ҳ֪ԭаɽʿôһšǰֻ˵Ĺ෱࣬Ƚϳľ𣬰ɽж룬ɣÿɶԳϵԼŹ;Һ֮һʼѡУξҲǴЩ;˵ĴģУξֽҲִһЩ˽⵽һŲҪʦڲӣֻҪļй棬£㱻ͬšҲţҺΪ˵˺ܳʱ䡣˵ʲôУξҺ뷽跨˵Ի˴ӱŪˣȴֻһȹڲϣΪ˻˺ܳʱ䡣 
˵˵ȥǰϾǴţһ˵֪Ų飬ĹĴɹȻУϱǰɽţһֱһ˿Ȼһڵİɽʿˡ 
˵̲סʣ⡶زͨ仯΢ݼ澭Ǽطˮ飿 
ͷ˵ϸ˵һйŶݼ׵顣 
һʱ˾ȻǷ֮ҸϽ˵ָ̡ 
˵̸ָϣҵǿ˵˵Ŷݼ׵ʷйŴֶʱţ̫ҡš͡ɡϳơʽʷɹҵ˾ࡢ˾̨̫ʷƹġµա˵У̫ҡռΪšռоƵΪɡռð֮ԽʽΪģֻԤⷽضʽݵġһ㣬ڴĹżʷأгΪ֤簲ո˫ŶѾ̫ҾŹռ̡ 
˵ҵ˵̫ҾŹռ̡һĹ﷢ġ 
΢΢ͷʾ϶˵ʽĹɣ벻ɡ֧ͼ顢ԡЩͳͳֶԴѧ䴴ƴԼڴսʱڡ 
СšȫƱǡŶݼסеѧ߿֤ŶݼʱڽκʱڽСסγơݼסűŶݼס 
ɽ֣岻ˡڿңȻҿҪسˡ˵ˣ֪֮Ϊ֪֪֮Ϊ֪ǲ᲻װģǸѧϰĺûᣬҲ񣬵һС 
ֻ˵ŶݼԴԶȻкܶ෽簴ʱ䣬ͿɷΪš¼šռšʱţݷɷΪŶݼ׺ͷŶݼף;ֿɷΪźͷš 
ԽԽͿôôֶַȥˡ˵ôַǹõʱ򲻻𣿡 
ЦЦ˵ô;ֵ˵ɣűҪԤģţغԺȴҷˣغĶǰĴǡ̲Ÿ衷߾Ǳزͨ仯΢ݼ澭ˡ 
һ֮³ԾСæ˵һ֪ԭôͷ򲻸յģջȥɡ 
ְ˰֣˵֮ 
˵ǡ 
û˵ҵĻ˵ڸʱ̶ԴڱߣΣϣⱾ˵һ٣̾˿ֽ˵ҲǺ㡣 
˵һ⣬ôǺأ 
ãؽļ¡ 
ĹĹȻǼµģټϳ˹Ĺѱʬ֡亦ȺȢӣǼ֮ùֲңҲʼûиһӰŮҼǵ˶һֱֱʮҲûܸʮʱ;ϴֲˣԺϵѰҽҩڷõһλˣָ㣬ȢһܿʬŮˣҲϣڶһӣȴǸми޹Ҳֻкͯϸ 
Ȼ޹ˡȻвмȴǶ磬¶ػ˴뱲ӶҾȻΪʵȶӳˣ棬ȴһˡһĺӼûһ۸ģһЩˣҲ޹ʮʱңܲ˴һҹ͵͵ҳˡһ߾ʮ꣬û뵽ʱ򣬾ȻѾ˹; 
˵ݺᣬҲȻ⵹ĹȻ𣬲˺˱ˣ˺Ӫúúÿǿǡ 
ڻһЩӲ˲ᣬ޳ص˵ͻᣬúÿǿЩ²ǡ 
˵˵һϯҲܲζ 
Ϊɥ̰ѻһת˵Ϸᣬö־ 
һЦ־̸ϣᵹȷʵûôɣʲôԣӹ̫ƽˣû 
ҲЦ˵ɲǣʱҲڼסȥһܾžʡ 
˵ȷʵܾʣҲܴ󣬳ն񡣡 
˵ȻҲȤ 
̲סҲЦôˣ˺飬Ҳʵѵˡ뵽ҳʣ֪ 
ָͷ˸ߣʳָͷ˸š 
Ҿһ˵ʮˣ 
ͷ˵ʮ 
˵濴һΪʮꡣ 
΢Ц˵ʵЩԿ֮ 
˵սԺӵʱ򿴵Ķѧʣ˵ԺʰҲܲ 
Ĵָ˵Ѹ߼ϴֲʱĴѰùһˮأ׻첻ˣҵˣķˮȷʵ˳֮ơ 
˵ˮãҵδš 
˵ˮƲС÷ˮأ˵ˣߺܳɳɹ֡ѵû֮Ĵ˵ 
˵Ȼ߰ӴСʱһֱҵż񡣡 
ЦҲЦ˼ڱòղơ 
˵Ժļɽܿźɽƶ죬Ȫˮȴ֪ôŪģ 
ᵽȪˮ̲סź˵ʵȪˮҲƾģȻγɵһȪϼɽҲֻΪ˶Ŀˡ 
Ҫϸ̣ȴͻȻи˽ˣ˵Ѿ׼ˣǷԿ 
ֿ̧˿ʱѹ磬ӻҽԺҪߣôҲԷߣ˵ʵҲʵûʲôԷһ룬ѾнһûԷˣٲԷ忸סҲʹӦ 
 




ʮ ؼ

       ҵı㷹ʵֻҺˣ˴ǻرˡ ΪһֱӣԳԷʱĲɡҲû˵ʲôҪ飬϶Щ׷ơ 
극˼ȥˣûôǱһ̲ܶൢʱߣʱʱгϾҸϻǸСҽԺʱѾϾŵ⾰ 
ҷɱ14Ųûӡиڴ˯Ұѣʣأ㿴𣿡 
޹ʱҲԵɵɵ˵֪ 
ָϽֵܵңֵǸСʿڴ˯һѹһ˵أסǸ 
˵ˣˡ 
һ󾪣ˣôˣ 
ʿ˵ûɲ¡Ŷˣҽ칫ҵأ˵ж㡣 
һûԶܰӲܲһˣ˵ߵĶȥأ˵ǸҽжңϽǸҽİ칫ܹȥ 
˰칫ңţûзӦƿţǸҽҲڴ˯ҽԺĻʿҽ˯档 
ҽǸҽǸҽۣϳңɤ˵ѽˣ°ˣһֱȵڡ 
˵ֵû¶ɣ 
˵û¶û¶ʲôҲû 
˶پģӻ˶ҡ˵Ӹʲô 
ҽ˵Ŷԣ㿴ҲҲˣ˵룬óһҽԺõֱݸҡ 
ùһдһֽ 
ԭӽ绰ϼң֪ϼҳһ飬һȻϼȥˡ¾͸绰һ绰롣 
ܾòģԵ޹ʵظϼҴʲô绰ǡʲôɣ 
뵽ҸϽҽҽ˵ȷʵûʲô 
ҽô˵ְԼôġû£ǿɱʲôǿ 
ҽҲ˵ΪҲ˵㻹ĵĻýǸѵҽԺٲ鿴ϾֻǸҽԺ豸Ƚ 
һô˵շµæܲܽĵ绰һ£ 
˵ԿԣȻԡ 
ϵĵ绰µĺȥ 
һһŰտ˽˵绰˵Թԣ˭绰 
˵ι 
˵ι£ 
˵Ųͬ־ 
˵ŲΣŲΡԵ绰ͷһ˵ģֻһ˵һСʱٴ˱˵һСʱٴǵȥŲμŲι 
˵Ķ 
˵ǲݹԴί 
һˣӸǴίĵ绰˵Ųεѣм¡һСʱٴȥ 
˵ţõĺõġ 
ϵ绰һ룬԰ʲôʱߵģգôСʱµˡҸϽҽʲôʱߵģ 
ҽҳ˷˵ʮʮ֡ 
һ㣬ֻʮһСʱ϶˰գҾٵһСʱ绰Ҳʲʲôˡ뵽ҲЩʧȥҲʵûʲôô 
Ҷҽ˵ҽллæˡ 
ҽ˵㲻绰ˣ 
˵ˡټ 
ҽԺһʱ֪ĶȥڴĿĵһȻǸϳ꺺ӡڷҲûбİ취ȥǺӣε˵ʲôҲԥѭɽߵǸӵķȥ 
ҿϣ˽СʱҵǸӣҵǸ꺺ӵļңѾҹʱˡ 
ţֽ˼û˴ӦһƣȴŵģҾ֣ѵ⺺㵽ҪҪȻΪʲôҹҲأһ룬أȻţҾͽȥ˵ 
ɺӼȴûˡҴֵһ飬ûҵţĻţҲˡѵǺӻûɣ뵽ҸϽ濴ţڲڣţȻڡѵǺӻˣҪ˵ĻҹģĶȥ 
ôˣôʲôҲ˳Щ벻׵¡ 
ֻصӵϸϸһȥȻûһ 
ȻؼҰɣľҲͽȻ˷ʱ䣬޼£Ȼؼ㡣 
 



ʮ 

       صҵһֱ㷲ӵϼҴε绰ǴίǸһ䣬˵绰ȴû򣬺һֱȵҹǵõһɿϢȷʵѾؼңҸ绰ĵڶϣǻȥ֮ûȴֳˣӳŸʲô˵Ͳˡ ֹ˼죬£Ӱ飬ʵϸʲô᲻¡ĻϵļѸҴһ绰˵⼸ϵĶ٣ҲȥҾҪټڼǰƳɣǴǸҼȥ 
ⱳһһֱû򿪹ԭҲΪԼǸƵˣΪΪʳ˭֪ӣʲôû˵⵹ùıˡ 
һ򿪣Ծɵ治СҰѰһȫڵذϣҾڵذϿľͷףӣӣôҲ֪Ҵ绰 
پӣҴһ澹ȻȫͭǮóһ˿ϳǮּæһŵȴһѵеףνξȻ쳣⵶Ǹöγĵô˼ûζϸ˳ԭиɡһɣᡱһﵯһ磬һû뵽СӻһѰγپһɺ⺮ȴˣһλԴ񣬷ȥؿ⵶⵶һƽ羵һȴ߿űʯɫͬǳȻɫǳһ󾪣ѵʵǱȻƾƲⲻȷҾʮа˾žˡʱרȨľɳ㶼Ļ޺ޣܲٱʵǱȥɱ׿ֻǶ׿飬ټϲܲٸûʯľģ׿˲ˣ̼ܲʹ棬˵ԵñһҪ׸׿׿Ǻε̰֮ˣ˱ȻüЦΪˡֻǶ׿ǱҲ䲻֪ôתתȥȻֻص˶׿Ĺ϶бĹ¡ 
ҰѵһߣһѶﲥŪŪȥƳۿһΪϤĶǸͭҼǵõʱ֣û뵽ȻҰ⾵Ʋͬʵϵ׼ֵΣȴһҲ֪ 
ְͭŵһߣһﲦһʵڲʲôرĶˣҲмֵƵģ׾ʵƲֻ˼ִͭǱͼöǮȥĻ󼯡 
Ļڹ̽ϣǹ̴ѧǼ¡ֽеúʵ˵ˣǵ̯һ֣ʲôĶУ·С¼ʲôģ߰㣬ӦоСȻĻġȻô˵ɲС󼯣ϵĶݬѱ棬żҲѵһ涫ǲԵõǾ͵ÿˡ 
˹̽ҾֱߣڹڴֵͷһＷһ߿ַǷ棬΢һЩ 
˹һͣϸ˼ִۣ඼Щʲôҡ 
ʱҲңڱϴУӣӣ 
ûؿһۣȥ̯ǰżʮԪ˧񣬻һЩͭǮԪʲôģ˵ë㣬ʲô 
˵ˣⲻǸôˣСӷ˲˾ͰֵܼˣƵطҲˣ 
˵Ϲܷʲôư˼˵ˣⱲӾǰôҲһ 
ӡٺ١ЦţϵСҼüŪۣ˵ҪǰǸ꣬ȫǮԲԸ 
˶ͣԶԶԡ 
ЦǺǵ˵ɡ 
˵ţͻȻһ£һͷһȻǶ塣˵ҵýһ£ҲǵڹŶģƸǴԤģֻڱͼֳɡڼº·м棬еʱ͵յСһһƷһͷգ˵Ǽһ͵͵˳ġɲһףƭװͷոŪ֡ŪһʱҲƴ˵ֵӲ˲׳֣ƵҲұչء 
´Ҽֱۣһë 
ô˶壿Ķ԰ôôң 
üëһĶԣԼ֪ 
˵ˣò֪ȥ˰ɣһôͷ˵ɱô˵ⲻǰʲôԵġ 
Ҷͷһ£ҿ˿˶Ҳ˼˵㣬ҵһˡ 
һҪҸȥɲҸϽ˵첻а壬¶ء 
˵Ҳ㣡˵һۣ˫ǰˡ 
ں漱ôУ壬壡ֻǰߣҲҡ 
˵˺ӣϼһŻ㣬ǵģŸռ棬û˵ء 
й˵ҵҲ벻أʹˣҵ˳ŵЩëͷСӶʲôТ˳ 
˶ԳԵЦС˵˰ɺ磬ֱ˵ˣϹ׻ʲôѽ 
˵ȥģ㣬ҵֵûֶʲôѽԲԣϴ϶£ʲôµң 
˻ǶЦ˵ˣЦ˶ʲôЦģͷǰɡ 
תĹŶȥں溰һ䣬 
˶ӣڿȲ衣 
˵ʲô¶壿ôļǵġ 
塰غһڲ裬֡ˡһȥû˵ 
˵Ҫ˵ҿ˰˵Ťͷſߣɤźһ 
ֻ߻ʲô¶ 
˵ǲȥˣ 
Ȼ֪ˣҿɲܳϣ˵ûûе¶ɱϹ˵ 
塰ᡱһ´վ˵ʵ㣡ǲǷҪҸְ 
һˣæ˵ǧҾǳȥ档 
ܹסҶ˵棿㻹棿֪жΣգ 
֣ϾҶ䣬ҶʮˡûжΣա 
Ťͷصϣѽ˵ӣôͲأ˵үүǶ磬ֺңãҺ±ģԼиôô죿 
һ̸˵壬İɣ 
иƨһվ 
һȥɲУԽ˵Խ漱ݶû׼͵ҰǶ״ȥˣøϽתעС 
ȥС˵壬ˣж 
Ȳ裬˵жҲѹʣʲô 
ҰѰӼժóǱݸ塣ӹȥһָϽذ 
ʣôˣ 
˵꣬С 
ݶһѳżæŵóǱСӴĶŪģ 
ҿ˽ţ϶⵶ͬѰ˵ȿ 
ŵȥؿ˺ܳʱ䣬ְסɣʱһƬ⣬ϵ߿űʯҲط⡣ҡҡͷһŵӡ˵״ĶŪģ 
ҵЦЦȲ˵ʲô𣿡 
ưư죬ǱٰǱ 
һȻǱĸ˾ͱˣӴСϲҪ⵶ǻ 
˵ȻЩ۹⣬⵶ȷʵǱ⵶ֵǮ 
˵ȸң⵶Ķģ 
˵Ӷ׿Ĺﵹġ 
üͷ˵׿׿ǡһҪĻϽ¶˵˵˵⵶ֵǮ 
ҡҡͷ˵׼ʮʮƲ⣬Ҫûߡ 
һ⵶ȻôֵǮǴ֮⣬ҲǺʣһŸء 
ȥ﷭ҴĶһһض꣬Ǹͭʱ˵ⶫҺĶԣˣһѼҲô 
˵ֵ٣ 
˵ֵò࣬Ҳͼǧ顣 
ƣǺûɣĶô᲻ֵǮأ 
ЦЦ˵ɵСӣء˵ͭʷϳֹԵĸ߳սơʱڵͭ˹Ŵͭ͹ˮƽƴ֮󣬻ϾûʲôƷˡ 
˵԰Ǻġ 
ҡҡͷֻ֪һ֪ͭȻǺãȴ󣬲ϡ棬׻˵ϡΪҲͲֵʲôǮˡ 
һʧô˻űģû档 
˵һҪһЩ 
˵ô 
˵㿴⾵мťԲťΧ׵ƣƼһȦ֦ԳƵƣ⻨ҲơٿΡ 
˵˶壬ͱ˵ЩлˣҲ˵һʲôͬ 
屻ҴϺЩջ𣬡СӾǲϺúѧϰѧѧصǿ 
˵壬ô˵˵ĶɣһһܱȹǱ𣿡 
屻ҭ˸ƿԣ˶˵㿴ҵ֮ǲ嵱񰡣 
һҲ˾񣬡㻹֮أ 
塰ߡһǰҸ˰뱲ˣû֮һơƿҡ 
ұӶЦˣ˵ͱˣֶҲˣװʲôⰡ 
弱ˣ㡪ҹ 
ԽԽ֣尡壬ƽʱŸŵģʲôöҿظøҿ˰ɣ 
Ҳ˵Ŷתһ棬һ꣬Ȼһ¡һԭȱǽ̿һţ弱ȥҸȥſֻһֻмƽ׵СݣʵʲôûУҲʧ 
 




ʮ Ե

       ҽһտյСݣǰ˺üȦ˵أСʲôûС ڰ˵˵ԼߵСݵϣһʯʯһ˿̳һһ߼Ķڡ 
һˣﻹлذ 
塰ٺ١ЦűĵطܲС˱ϻˣҽ˵ԼǶ 
ҹȥ˶һѣȥ֮Ҳȥ 
ĨڵģŵҲǰߣû뵽ôխССݣĿռ侹Ȼ֮ 
˼ɣæʶ壬壬ģ 
Żǰ棬߱߻عͷ˵ɵСӣطôôĳ 
˵еˣ˭ûôҰⲻǳԱ˳ŵ 
˵㲻֪ˣǵձռ޵ʱ޵ģٺ٣չá 
һ˾񣬼Ȼձ޵ģӦǾ»һĶҶԶ˵壬浽׶ȫ𣿡 
˵ˣȥˣĶй򡣡 
˵ʲôͻȻʯıиţ߹ȥã 
壬ҲŪİɣ 
ǰߣ߻ǲǣãϽߣ궫ǸϽȥ 
û˵ȥŲһ˶ߣһЩ֣վã̫Լܿ˼ûƿһΪʱ䳤Ѿˣû뵽ôʵ 
忴òͷˣߴ˵ģĥˡ 
˵а壬ǿΪá 
ˣ˵СӺôΪҺˣ 
˵밡壬Ĳֿôû׼ļҵҲͨأһ˼ͻȻˣı˳ȥզ찡 
һ󾪣һסң߿ߣȥҵı 
һŶĸ첲һ˵𼱰壬Ҫ˼ͷˣҪһʱҲֲˣҿﶼɶ 
ãֻߣʮֵһţͳԿ״ҸŶ档 
ҲСΧȫʯͷסģмķðʯҹƽ쳣̡ 
弱ߵһڴӸǰԿ׿һ֮²ظûãȻ 
˵˵Ҫ͵˼͵ˡ 
ҡҡͷУҲȫˡ 
˵ɹģôջȫҿеĽˡ 
תߵǽߣһ漴˻ҲϽôʱ䣬ˡ 
˵ҿңҹԼˣû뵽˼ҲͨвУﲻȫҵøϽֲС 
˵Ͻ֣˵ֵżû׼Ϳˡ壬֮Ǹʲô 
֣ 
ҲȶкʹȥˣŵĺһֻĹޣò 
˵壬ǰյǸʲôհɣ 
˵ûͷգСӼԻͦáô 
ҡҡͷҿʲôȻǽģӦúֵǮɣ 
ָ̧һＶտ䣬¶ˣ˵ǽ𣬿ҲǴİ 
ͷ˵Ķ֪Щ 
˵νĽһ㶼ͭƽЩɲϱֵǮֲǽ 
˵ǿʲôֵǮ 
˵㿴ͷգͨ18ףͷۣͣΣͷյı׼ص㣬ٿ̬ȴҪһöࡣҪͷ񱣴ãֻϵִһʧһɹŷľֵ֮Ǯĵط 
˵ 
ָһＶ˵ˣ߰ɡҿ滹мӣ򿪿ʲôһסң͵ˣߡ 
˵ҿ⼸װʲô 
˵Сӱô߰һߣ 
һȡһ£ӲקװҸ˳һ϶򣬵ϣ˵ͷһûˡ 
ϵ棬ԼӴȻҼȥ 
ߵǸŵʱ˵ʲôҲˣ˵壬ĶÿҲˣСӵĶɲܻŰɣ 
ղҲûҿҲе˼ڿһƺӲĵļƣҲֻң˵ɿ滹ء 
˵İɣٷơ 
˵ô˵ϵĴ治Ū˵壬˰ 
˼Ȼ½ǣòˣһȥšѵһ˼ΣһЩҳƮû̧Ҫߣһס˵вУô߿ɲУ˼Ҷ֪أϼٰ˸ 
˵ô찡ͦʵء壬û˿ʲôģ 
˵ûûУֲǷүϴ˿ѽ˵ӣоͨ 
һ뻵ˣ˵ˣϽ˵Ķ壬ҿɲⲻǱƼš 
˵һףˣˣɡ 
һɲУһѾôˣԺĶĺûᡣ˵ж壬ҷǰŪɣ 
ǣ˵ûһˡ 
һ˵һˣﻹһء˵ˣ 
һ㶣ʲôˣ 
ҴӰͳǱ˵ôˣ 
弱æסңвУһŪ˿ɾˡ 
˵ⲻǱ࣬ôŪ 
˵ӴҵĐӣô˵ģɵǲ˭㲻߶ʮһôһӣҲû򿪣ҲŪˣҸ㣬ʱ㳦Ӷûඣ 
ô˵Ҳе˷۱ȷʵ˻֮Ҳҵĺĸˣý⵶ǲǱ 
˵˶壬ҪǱ϶û¶ҪǱ㻵Ҳۡ 
һҪɼˣ㲻ۣʵɣҸղŸ㿴ǸͷգҲʮļ۶⵶öʮ򣬶ʮ򰡐ӣ 
һҲЩԥһһȥŪöʮûˣίʵе˼˵ˣ⵶ֲ׼ģһ⵶治ãӻҡ 
˵˶壬ˣѶؾͲ׵⣬һˡ 
ѽԽżаӣ治У 
ҲĥߴһᡱһǱӵﵯʱյ֣ԹϻҲѻˣһ˺ڰֻ¶һ絶طź⡣ҰγڰһȸղŵҪ࣬ǵϵ߿űʯںڰﶼ⣬ÿ⵶Ĺͼֵ㹻ˣǲ֪ʵʵá 
Ҳǵһںڰ￴Ǳʯ۾ֱˣ૵˵ӡ𣿡 
֪ԥȥͲˣ°һᣬٵͿ 
ͼڰһšһһϣȴʲôоҲûС 
벻ǿƫ˰ɣӦòܰôʵս飬˵ô 
ں濴һӣ쿴ʲôûУ 
˵ʲôѽͱģҡһ֮ҲˣӲ룬һڵϣһ뻹ŵϡҸȥϸֻϵĶѴ룬ɴ䣬͸гĶһ 
̾ţȻǱ࣬鴫 
 



ʮ ֿ

       ǱҲϲ⣬ؿɲ˵Ұ²ˣôĵ۵磬ҲҳڶѰ ˵ӣ⵶ҪĻ岻ݴǣ϶Ҹ¼ҡ 
ֿһ۵˵壬ëַ˰ôֶӵˣ 
弱æڰ֣ɲǴ⣬⵶ȷǱˡ 
˵Ժ˵ɣ壬ȽȥСӸɶöûС 
ͷֿ߽⡣ 
ֿǵĹ£ܿһǳεĽṹ˵ضľͷӣ·ӣʲôġһһýźҵţмӱ߷ˣ¶ĻɫװȫǵʱСǴ֣Ǻܺãɫ̫ѿˣȫһˮʺɫ 
ҲڵȥûʲôĶͷñӣߴƲ߲Ƶġ 
˵ӣҿСӶǾʲôҲûа 
˵ǣСձûһöսˣԹԼ̸Ǿˣйʰء 
ʲôѾߵ˲ֿͷڽмһһҩ졣 
߹ȥѸҩ쳶һߣýźݺݵز˼£ޡĭ 
⼸ӷöǳãƤõƤһԡһµĸӽȫˣװһסһõգȫձĻʽסСɣЯұըǿʹ÷㣬ǵʱõľûˣСܹ֮ۿйı߹سֱ룬ǿЩȽװֻǲ֪¸ʮ꣬Щ׻ܲáֿһֱǳ꣬Ӧò 
˵ӣ⻹кüӣᶼ񵯰ɣ 
˵򿪴򿪣ȫ򿪿˵ֺͶһ֣ʣµļȫˣȫףһģװһ䲽ǹ˴ǣжʮ֦ 
Ķ̣һʱŵò֪ôáȴˣϴε׿Ĺװ۵òˣʽһѹȫ˵ǸСװؽ벹䡣ãЩ͵ҩȫˡ 
˵壬ɶйսƷڴ񣬰ȫսˡ 
һҪսɣ߶µ˵аӣЩͬСɣǵϱ 
˵Ҫϱ 
ͷ˵ȻȻ 
˵ǺðɣǸһ䣬Ű죬òã 
ƵؿңҪʲô 
һ˻ĵʲô赹ԣСӲǵɪھǵǹյģҲԼĻʽ׵ζҪ򵽶ȥ 
ûڿЦΪҪսˣŵҲ˵ˣӣɱ 
˵СӴǵʱͲˣһ˵һ߰ѰͭװǱĺӶóݵЩҲûˣǼΪˣŽĻɡ 
Ҳڶˣٺ١ЦţːӣǸϽȥɡ 
˵ȥĶȥɱҸ԰ 
廹Ц˵Ǳôѽ 
Ұ۾һɣǱǱɲ㣬һҪɱء˵Ҳܶ壬Լſװףװһ˵㣬װҲͦġ 
忴װһʱ²͸ҵ⣬æӣ㲻˵İɣ 
˵壬ҲϴСˣû¶϶氡 
弱ˣӣУа㲻ô 
װҾֱߣ˴ǵģʵڲãȥ±˿ֻȴЩסһһ˵ʲôеģܹСȺˣҺȰɣ 
ظߣһסңӣˣ治аڶʲôˣǵˣôа 
ҼӿŲ˵ʲôʲô°δɹͬ־ŬǷֹͬں󷽸㽨ɡ 
Ҫ˵Ӳ˻ȥһһߴ˵˶壬ҪһһҪӣ֣ 
 



ڶʮ 

       ӶҰѼ﷭˸׳죬ʵҲһʵĵطغЩףĶòȫû취ˣֽ˰ŵ Ū֮ȲظϼҴһ绰ûеõȷеϢӣ׸ʲôȥˣ 
ɵϣЩľ󣬡顯ʬˣ޹뵽˵ĻʱɥȴѾûˣʲôģֻҸĹʹʹظһƱƽʵЩȥˡ 
ĹĹڴϷ߶ţȻǱ顣᲻ЩʲôأҳǱزͨ仯΢ݼ澭ɻشϣ׼ϸϸоһ 
̫ѿˣȫ׭壬ȻҲѧ֣ײѧЩƤëûԣǳֹڿڿһҺҷ˼ҳĿ¼ûУһҵҪҵĶ治̫סҪǲ飬Ҳʵûʲôͷֻӣشǰ濴 
ǰƪĶһƪǱյġһƪϵġݼ񾭳򡷣кܶҶϲǿˣ˵ⱾûߣǻƵ۵֮ھŮƽǡȺƵĽ඼ù飬о͵Ӫٻ׵ʱɷػرܣ赲ʱ޸ɽʿ׸գһҪС㱻ڱγ͢ 
棬Ƕ澭ݵĽܣ˵ʲôԭϾΪģǱݼ֮˾ʱҪի㣬ϵۡŮʥ񣬺Ṳ̊䣬˱̳Ƶб¶ôϾĹܣҽ˵׵ְƣԼ֮Ƿ£滹¼˷Ҫõĸӡ䡢̳ͼ״ָƷȵȡ 
˵ǲŶݼ׹Ȼҷˣ澹ȻôĶҪ˵೬Ȼҿ϶ţΪҾۼҲҪ˵ʲôƾһٻȴʵеҹͬڶЩǣЩܶģˮǶЩ˼оãΪʲô˲ḯãɽʬǾΪǱŵСЩƽҲǲױֳģҪж˱ӳеܾܿһܹý顣ʯʱйǱһַĹܵǲΣƷȵȣ˳ԾӲȺǿǼߵģǵʲô߶еļӹ 
Һ˼سͻȻǰ˰Ҳûһأ˭أƵ´һȴһŹŴεվ档һʱûϳ˭˴һӣ 
ӣҴһһѱסӣСû¶ɣ 
ñ𲻼ҲǼ֣ر˵ûû£㿴ⲻúõվǰ𣿡 
ԶԣҸ˵ᶼˣû¾ͺãû¾ͺã㲻֪Ҹüε绰һֱϵ㣬ҡ 
ˣӻǴֵأʲôõĵģ졣Ȼûʲô󣬵ɴء 
˵Զԣˣϻ˵úðѲк󸣡 
˵ǰ 
˵㶼ˣôôʱ䶼ûϢ 
ӵ˵֪𣿸Ƕˡ 
ˣôúõͻȻ𵱱ˣ 
˵ɾͻˣˣȥġ 
ȥƿӣֵؿȥĶ֧ӣ 
һ첲סң߰ɣ֪ˡ˵ӵҾߡ 
ȵȣ˵Ұϡ 
˵ˣʲô߰ɣ 
ҳ˷ţֳ˵ԪţȻʣһһҷӭ洵ǰһЩģ죬дŸʽţСԬ֣С֣Сס֣Сա֡Щ棬һһӵȻУ 
˵԰ӣԡ 
Ҳ˵ֻǰߣȴԽԽ֣⡪ⲻʱʮ·ַ׿ʦôô°ĶĵӾ簡ǣ 
ȻһСܶδ 
£һվʵ 
óǹ̫ͷ­ڹ´ս 
Ǳ˵˭ҳս 
ıһԽڶСԸ 
һǴļǵܻ뻪սϣͱնˣ 
ڽһһվ˵ݻţϽ˷նۡ 
˵ã˽ս 
һᴫַ˽ֱնˣ 
ڽһ̾˵ϧϽĳڣһڴˣξۣ 
ʱұվıһ˴һ̾ϳˣ棬׼ֳµǹ˭ 
ӱ˷Ӧ죬ֿ˱ǰȥһûסֻںҰ˼ĵأ 
ӻȻû˵ֱߵǰ˵ĳԸն׼£ 
Ӽۣһãһùݸӣ׳ʿ˱Ӵһƣٺδ٣˾һ׳գ 
ֲ֧ǹ¾ն۰Ҳ׵ǣʲôʱԱˣȻӶܵԱһõݰ뵽̲סЦΧһתңͷϽ졣 
ʱӺͻѾսһǰմգż¿һ֮ҾòԾⲻϷô浶ʵǹظˣϵཻ֮ϴһһٿˣϷಫֺ¶ԷءһͷˣҲɫؿǼУ𣡶԰¾ն۵Ĳǹǹô棬ӷȥɱˣԣⲻϷ 
ԽԽţŻ漤սһˣĶᵽɤˡʱӼ裬һһ¶ҵϣڽңӣӣ 
һһȦû˭ڽңȴԽԽӣӣŰ쿪ţ 
ҴӦһǰĻһģˣʹ۾ǰľȻһ׵컨塣 
ӣţ쿪ţڸأˣһعԭһΡ 
һλԴоһȥţ뵽˭ƵģҵΣεһӡ 
ҼԸ߹ȥţһվ棬滹һŮˣﱧһֻڰС 
ҵһ˵֣裬ôˣ 
 
 




ڶʮһ 

       վſڣһʱ֪ôźã϶Ƕȥ״ˣ͵ףŰ־ϰֶƹҺһġ ˶Ĭţȿ˵ôǽȥ𣿡 
ǡҸϽõһߣ 
Ҹͻˣ̫ˣ˵ŷ±ڻСɳϿҡ 
ǣҶкСһֻȥ׿Ķǰ͵ĸġǣһװµضŴǣȴһؿôƽǷƽһ¾͵÷ˡ͵͵ϰһۣ˫ڼתתȥ֪ʲô 
ôⳤʱҲؼҿҺְ֣˵ 
ȥţһֱͦæġ֧֧˵һ߻ڶŪŴǡ 
æְתңŵҸ̧ţˣʱըҪըˡ 
ڸʲôй𣿡ְҲɳϣƽԽƽҾԽǺ£ҲԽԽûס 
ûаûʲôҸϽش 
Ҳ˵ûйඣ 
˼ɶòʡʵ˵ĵʵȷʵҹû죬ҾЩʺҡʵϣҾеĹʺҡ 
ҲСˣܲһֱȥɣ 
û˵ҵָһһأ 
Ҹ㰲һȥɡϰּҲ˵ҲûԾɺɫ˵ҳȴϴ󲻸ˣ̧ͷʲô 
ϰֵһ̣˹˵ʷоطʷģӦȴͷ𡣡 
Ҳ˵ŭأҿɲЩͷһ 
ôԸȥϰְڳһƵӡ 
ûûУһŲ˵Լҷݶ 
˰㣬ԼҹҵҲüˣҲûҵһ 
ϰȴɳվôˣȥѾкˡ˵ϷһƬ 
Ǿˣ˵û¶صҰ 
֪衣˵ҸϽվϰֺȥ߳ȥʧȵľͷ̡ءһţһϸߣǸѽ˵廹湻˼Ȼû˰̣˼湻˼ 
ǵǰȣ»ζţǣҵĴǣ٣ˣ˵幻˼ǡţʹŵأСͦӣҹЦЦø˵ʱͻȻִһôֻˣ 
Ļ߹ȥţһʵԱվ档 
ãĺ𣿡 
ǡһ̻شǰʵԱ²ҼҸʲô 
һݣ鷳ǩ֡ 
ԥǩ֣ʵԱתˡſݻصɨһۣļļַȻǱҺûʲôѰ˭ҼĿݣ 
Ҵ򿪿ݣһ򵥵д˰˸֣ͬнʢ١һС֣ʱ͵ص㡣棬һ֦İֽ𻨶䣬ÿһд֣𣬷𣬰ɽж롣ˣǵͬ֯ĽᰡֻҲе˰ɣ컯Ǭģ͸Ŀŵ֯᣿ 
ô⽻ỹңһ뵽ܺȫص־ʿ̸ľѵҵĺȻͨͨؿҲǸĸ￪ˣȫһƬãҲлḡˮ棬̸һҵȥ¼õĻ߲õģڵ״ٵĻսˣҲжǰչδĹ滮뵽ҺȻѪӿҪٰЩ־ʿ֯һʲôȫЭ֮ĶǾ͸ţˡ˾ҵϢɼҵһ壬Щ˾ֻˣҲ÷ѾʲôˣЭҵĵλĹڣҵİ칫ңʱ˭˵ң˭˵ǿһ 
ԽԽ˷ܣʵ̫ڴˣ޲һӾʹӹɵǲٰһ»᳡ŰŴʳʲôġ 
˼Ȧһͷڴϣַ׼ڣһȴȻ䲻ɷ˵Ϯ˴ԣҲųʱ䣬ûеδ󶷣Ӧòܴô֪ҵģ뵽ųһ亹ȻѾ֪ңǱ˻᲻Ҳ֪ˣ 
ִϸؿȥ½ǿ˼С֣ˣơ˵أô֪ңԭ˴С档˵ʵһƵҵʱһ룬ƿʵʵڵһܵĽᣬҲǿĶȥϹⴴˡְһӣ˭ȥ˭ȥýᣬ費ȥˡ 
ղһ˷쳣ȴһڴϣ֪ʲôʱ˯ˣȵѹʱѾǵڶϡ 
ҴӴû򵥵ϴһ£Ū˵ˣȻɳϣһӣܸ¶ƵģסܻģҺûڼôʱϵӣߵ鷿¼һиﻹëëģƵԼû취ˣԹ¼ֻصһ̳顣Ǹ̿ʱһҾϰֵĻȥǸʲôʷоϰ࣬ȥ켸죬Ҫڼҷ˲ɡ 
˵ɾ͸ɣһУ˳ֳϵƬ˸ڼϣ¥ȥȹһһſΧһȺ˷ϼ׳ĵ˼һߣò׼ȥˣȴվĵطûС 
ϰҲףҴӴ˾Ҫʼֳǧƪһɵ붼˱ 
ͣͣλƵģҵ˼붷ҲԽԽҡ쵽оʱڱ޿̣ҷűϣų˵³³Ҫ³ 
 



ڶʮ (1)

       ҴӹϼŴ˼ڿѹֵĸоһЩ Ӿ˵ڵӦصŴȥʱһЦ˵ͺʱߣǼִ˺ڿҵӣʵҲ˶١ 
ֱһ˼̣Եȶ 
ֱǹҪֵ֮һϰ߷壬˵еˣеҲӵұһ˫оͻȻһİĵط˵Ǳ˲糱˺࣬־Īı׳һʱӣԱ 
ʵ̫ˣҲ̫Уһʱת˾ͿѰķӦ 
ҾͱַӦŪķ޴룬ҵһѣˣǣ˵˵һڵ飬һҹȥļ 
ôţ֪ߵֱ־ͷǰһʮ·ڣǶֱ֣תǻվԥһת˻վ벻ٴˣٴҵֻܱø㣬ϰֿ϶ңұƵʷоǲݵģȥǸʲôᣬû׼ܵõʲôõϢ 
ҼվһŵƱһʮĳڻнĸСʱұϽ11·ؼһˣһЩҪĶ˳һ绰չһҵĴǡָϻںһʱ䣬ʱʵڹ̫뷴ڻüʹ˸̵ЩԵģֹ˹䣬ʱ˲ֻصңȴƱϳ 
˳Ҷû˵ҵλͷ˯һгĹ㲥ڲŹڱĽܣѾ쵽ˣϴһ˵㶫׼³ 
һ³Ŀӭվվɽ˺ɵø̾һ׶׶׸һ 
һ·ţ˼ι˼԰ʱ磬ҸеꤣҸط˵Ƴ˺üȦһ˹ݽȥƽϲԵľˣⷽ棬ʵڲĴ˻ߺˡ 
һȥһЦӭɲ˵һݹҾɵۣҲ̫ˣһӼҪʮǮļٿǮʵڲûֵط˵Ÿյû׼ʲôǮĵطء֪ĶôǰӦöܣͭҲܰ׸ 
ҴҴҵضǷԱ˵һ¶ͻͷسˡֿ˼۸СݣӶ࣬Ҳ֪˼԰ǵڶĵط˷ĶǺƣװײס뵽ˣȶŰɡ˼԰ȥ 
һȥ̵۾ֻ˵һ飬׶׶ӽ£һûʱҾùĻҲˣһ֪ͺβͼˣֻԲλķݶûʲôɱԡ 
Ƿһ·Ҳûעңżм̧ͷһֵۣͷȥ⽵ĳ⽣ԻյĳԻգֱˮǰ濴һС̯ҸϽȥҪһ±աҲûĵطҸ깶ͳԡһоûҪһ룬سԣֳ˴룬һڴ˼á 
ʱһģ˴չұϣҲ˵ֻ˵ͷǻա 
ҿеģ˷֮⣬ոϽˡ 
λֵθڲⱱ±ζպϣ 
ⱱ±գ֮ѿҲǱˣС۹⻹ͦ 
˵պϣ൱պϡ 
ٺ١Ц֪λֵջĻжҪ֣ 
ԭСǿ״ǡҲƾͼƣȲ˵ƣʲô˼˵λնģ 
̸ȥ˼æߵһ˵ֵж֣ҪĻǲȸ翴Գһ֣˶ʮˣҴûûĶ翴ɣ㳤ۣô 
ˣһﻹףװһ붮˵Ǻˣ֪ôƺ 
ϼһһ֣ڳһŴҪһү 
һûЦޣŻưͽнүǵ˻ýү 
ưҲЦˣɫ˵ЦۣǿŽڵǰŽ𣬾˵ָָġʵϣҲǴһĹĽʬγģûԼһŸˡ 
˼Ȼ֪˵Ǽ٣˵ͦ˵治۰ 
ưһͦˣʲô۲۵ģҧҧ͹ȥˡ 
ЦЦ˵˾ͻˣҵû˵ 
ưô˵ҲЦЦˣӡ˵ưͻȻͣˣʶ˵˵ȥҸסˣæĿڣλֵܣҶ˵ôˣĶǲǡҳ򣿡 
һﵹҲúܣҲãû׼ܴϢءֵ㶵һöǮݸǰģΪߵüǺץһѣҲ֪ץ˼һǱ͡زͨ仯΢ݼ澭ڽҸ˰ҽһ¡ 
ưȥؿǮñͷ˵лж٣ 
˵ϻү϶Ĺģм٣ 
˵ȿֵ١ 
ư˵ǺʱڵĶĹǮҴ̫󣬲ֵʲôǮôƺ 
˵գĺ 
ưͷĺүˣôôŤһǽֵܵˣĺֵܣ˵أǮ800һҸһǧжҪ٣㽻ѣԺкö𣿡 
һҲ̫ˣ800һתһҲһ˵Ҳϰٸôһ㣬Ǿǰ鰡ҪСӳһǧĻǿɾʮˡţֻСӲҰɣôҲ800˵ 
ҡҡͷ˵800ǲ̫˵ 
ưҡͷԵ˵ˣ˵ĺֵܣаֹűң̫ˣѼ۶ҧߵҲмаĶʲôʱ֣֣ܳܲܳ˵ء 
˵ƭҰɣ 
˵ĶĻľųбҽүҪŲң̸Ҫŵùңǳɽ 
ư٩٩öΪԼˡҿ˵үʵҲģһ顪 
٣ưһɣҴأ˵ûİʲôǣ˵תҪߣҸϽһס˵үżѽǮ͸ˡ 
ưһҪһವţһ˵Ǯ͸ˣת˵ʲô͸ңûɣ 
˵ûûû͸ˣ͸ˣһ¡ 
ưǮüЦ˵ɣү֪޲ԣ޲ʲô¶ʡ 
һлã̽˵˵⼸챱һᣬȫ𵹶ˡ 
˵ưϺɵسۣҴչȥڣ¶ưصͷ˵ʶˡ 
 




ڶʮ (2)

       ڻưָ£ҵһ˼԰ԶĵõסרĽᡣ ڽĵص㣬ݻư˵ûȷ϶˼԰̫ԶҿԷġ 
סҲ¿ÿǿҴǱ澭ٲǵ˼԰תתƣưţơҷ͸ʱưţҲһֲǲ 
˵һҵȤǰԼҲ˵ʵ͸һɼƯĹ벻ѡ 
ʻư˵ү˵Ǹһʲôͷ 
һһư£͸һƵġ 
ѽͷɴˣڵУξٰ 
˵һͬС 
㣿ưһ֣ȫǲм飬˼ԣ֪ߵغСӣôܸһȣưʶֱ鲻̫ѺãܿҸ˵ϵܣǺһľһ棬ӣξҪ˵𵹶ӪǾ͸һֺϷˣȥųǣų֪𣿡 
ҡҡͷư˵٣㲻֪ʱΪ˰ŶӲȥģĽ飬ͷӸǿŶӵĳ½ʶϧһȥ˾ŸˣɻŻֻĸˣľĪΣգԴ黨Ҳ벻 
һһȻǸɫֲ⼸ȸ𣬷ͷ 
ʣɹʲôһɣ 
ưʱҲ£ǵȻˣҸ㰡ǿҸϺһȥģǴοȫۼ׶ţûϹ࣬°̫Σˣ̫Σˡ 
ưƽʱͦ٩ģôʱ˵˵ž˼˵һصģҿܲˡ 
˵ү˵˵ʲôˣ 
ư˶񣬡ãҾʹͷ˵ϸඡ˵ϺһֻЬֻЬ 
ԭԭͼӴ׵İϺһξ˳֪ʵĳɷֶ໹٩񴵵ĳɷֶ࣬ȷʵһһէëȻһмҪʣʱưҲ˼ңǡưר٩ˣҲûϴңҾԻõꡣ 
صõأԲƽ뵱ҺУξԾӣ𵹶ĹΪ̫귦ζʱѾûӢˣҪǼԸƽӹոһ긴һСò˶೤ʱ䣬Ǿͻᱻ޲ͬûǴӵʱֵû鶼ûСûУʱǸǵĺЩʲôأǣԼСӾ´󼪣ǸǣģҪ״붼ñ 
Ի˵ˣǳʱʲôʲôʲôʲôʫﲻǶдһЦȥұˡ͵ֺ׳־ֺ׳־Ͼ£׽Ϊ׳־ҽ»죬˻ʱֱƷòԺ׳־ͺ²⣬¯̣ǧɽɾҹ֪١ 
˼֮ʣҳ˯ˣһҴоѡΪǷԱɨ䣬ǲӦɨİ߹ȥţһİվ档 
´ۣʮͣŰ죬·ǾڻҵֽİɫһڼпˣǵоĿӣܵĿȥ˵ĸо 
ҿֻվſڲ˵мֲͷҵװʲôүվľͷ׮ƵġһۣŹϣĽǰһ죬סš 
ҿһͷ˵ǽүġ 
һǽүģٿ磬ĪǺһɻư˵һȥѲѾˣ˻ư˵ұרݷң 
̽˵ǣ 
ޣͷһҽĺԨҲμӽġ 
˼㡪ʲôҾؿ 
ҽĺԨү˵סҲĺѣ 
˽ĺԨҵܵܰ˵μӽģ˼˿øС˵ɡ 
߽˳ɨ˼ۣȻһŵϡҸһˮ 
Ҳμӽģ޻һ˵ 
ţصصͷӵʵˣղŵıֻЩ 
˵Ҳĺ 
ǵģĺԨˮү˵ҲĺҲϾһ 
ǺǣҸЦǰһҡ֪ʲô¶𣿡 
վҷһֱʲôڵأңҪ˵û£ǲʵʵмҪҪ 
ﷸֹⲻϲʶģʲôҪȲܣ˵Щʲô±һ֣˸ƣͷȥ˵ԽԽ棬Ȼλվס֡ 
 



ڶʮ (3)

       ĺԨ˼ʵֵܵ˼Ըȥˣ ôһʣҵסˡԾʧ̬˼ЦЦɿ֣ϡ˵ʵȷʵȥӲһ֪ӾôˣҪûӵĻðȻȥһˣЩ 
ĺԨҲ˵֪ԥվҪǣȥſڵʱתνǾͳˣı⣬ңʱӭ 
ҵһлĿĺԨȵľͷתһʧ 
ҵֱһӰʵЩߵǫ̃ӵϼҲһ绰Ǹ˽ӵģ˵ȥŲεļҺüأŲεǻȥһΣûֳˣɳŸʲôǲö֪ 
ҸͿˣӵô£ôͷţôʱˣҲ˵Ҵ绰ѵ˵ġʲô飿 
˼޹һصõķ䣬һ߼ӣһ˸ղĺԨ˵ǸĹ˵ɹһ̫Ĺ챦һǶǼʮļֵû˵ǵɹĸ̫ĹֻǿĹģ޴󣬶һأһ˿ԶԸ˵ģԲͬ˵ʵȥǼٵģ˫ջ󣬾ĲƱδ֪ľգÿ⹴˶֮ġΪĹ˶ٵһ֮սĹĹѵһıҲԼֶΡ 
һĹѾܾˣվδԸϴε׿Ĺ˵ʵҲСС֣ȫ֡õһͰǰǿģίʵ̫ϧϧӻӲսϰˣûܾٵʲôҲ׳ӣĸȥˣ 
ţȻ֪˯ˣ֪˯˶೤ʱ䣬һͻļиŪˡҴӴȥõʳóԵ㶫ȴ治֪ʲôʱѾϸ꣬ɳɳ͸ªĴȻһͶΪζ 
ҿӣѾǵڶˣʳùƻû緹ڴһߵߵʱȥ򵥵ϴһ£ʳȥ 
ȸղŸСˣϸ緢˿Ʋϵûʲôǳġ 
ǽĵһ죬֪ЩʲôﵽҴҳԹ˷ȥʰһ¶ұ㾶ֱǰưҵĵص㡣һܾõĵң˵ǰһݻʲôֲĸͱˣһֱķ 
ʵǻưҵص㣬ҲҵΪһ·ҿ÷۱ʻϵֻһ֦İ꣬ӦԱµļǺš 
ҽң˷ģסңóǿһ£ơ 
ȥ֮ҷе磬ټĵ¾ֲֻϡϡ伸ˣپһЩԱţʳ;ˮˣû׼ΪҪһʲôġ 
Ǽ˾һС̸ţżЦһơغţһµվĵط߽˵Щʲô 
ʱֽ˼ˣŴһӦһģһͷϴñӣͶɾ䣬ϬҶ࿴ۣʶˣͷֻ۾һɨ㿴ңҸϽͷŤô̶̵һ˲ӴҶôһ˵۾һѵһ͸ź˵ĺ⡣ 
ߵǰһ˱ϣ˵ǰûһ˵Щ£Žһһֺ 
ڵȥеʧô᲻õʲô֮ǰĹֹ̫ˣȫⶼЩʲôˡ 
ֹһʱ䣬ҵԽԽ࣬ձǰԾһЩʼҲ˴ǻҲû˵ 
Ƽ䣬ҺȻһװվڷžƵԱ߳񣬲ʱ̾һӢͦܲƣҺ𣬱߹ȥ˱ơƣ˵ʲôôһ̾ 
˿һۣҸղſǸ˽Ȼͬ 
ûʲôЦЦ˵ 
ҿ˵һһĵĹü۲һѾ˼ֺøС 
˵ᣬҲô 
ЦЦͲôû³ŵġ 
һ۵ͬ˵ɲǣһѧϰѧϰأû뵽˶ȴҪ˶ˡ 
ǡӶģת 
ҵͷҴӹġ 
ˡޡһҵȥΣʱһںĸڸӪӲء 
Ҳӣ²˵һ뵱Щɢ̫Ըܹ 
˺˿ơƣҼ򣬡˶ 
˵Ҳϰ 
˿Цһ̾һ 
Ҿ˲Ȼ˵˼仰оҷ¾Ʊӿ㶵һöǮ˫ֵݹȥ 
ڵ磬һ֪ʲôʱϰף԰Լıһ͸ͬУȻǰáҫ˼öԷ㶼ЩĹõʲôͬһıܵЩһԷͶнύ֮⡣ʱ޶Էһ㲻᲻գԷҪʵڿ㲻ϣĶôҲļʶһȻ˫ַء 
˫ֽӹǮţʱҵĶɤˣֻҡ 
ʱʱĶֵǧ鵽ǧҡ˵ 
һһæʣ٣ǧǧ 
ָǮ˵㿴ǮұãĥĺۼҲޣ˵ûвԤͨ⼸׭֣̩񰲣Ӧһöʱڵļҡ 
ϲϲűҼֵȻ֮ߣǸյĻưȻˣֲűҵʱƨƨߵģԭôֵǮ 
˼ǮգϽ˱ȭ˵¸ĺһ֣֪λôƺ 
΢Цſ˿ң˵ҽкһ 
 




ڶʮ 

       ˲ɵ˵ȴһذըҳԾؿ ˵Ǻһ 
ǰôˣǰӣһ 
ûû£æ˵Ǻ̫ˣһʱʧ̬ 
ƨһЦһ䣬˵ң 
ȻǵľӢΪֺã졣 
ô𣿺ǺǣԼûá 
찡˵ûأĶĶ˸ͱǫˡǧ򴩣ƨһǰƨǰԵ˵Щûĺˡ˵ƨδҲԼݣһſȫԼƴģûˮ֣Ȼʵʵڵʵɡ 
˵Ǹư˵㲻ȥ𣿡 
һ̾˿˵ˣ˵ʵڶЩҲͷ 
׷ʲô£Ҹղŵ⻹ûеõ𰸣תˡ 
Ȳ˵Ҹܸˡ 
һתȥǱһһۣӣӹ 
Ǳһ˷ֿм߳һӣ滹һˣҿ졣 
ǸӴ˶߹ϺңʲôָʾæŽһأлϽ˵ 
ҿźǸˣߣ֣ˡ˸ӳú񰡣 
Ӻ˺Ҳңһ㶣漴СܹܵҸǰͣ£ӣ 
һӣһסӣû¶ɣ 
ӿĵЦţȭҾ֪ 
Ҳϲʤϵ̫ˣҲû뵽ӻһֱϵһֱʲô顣ڼӰȻ鼤ʲôƵģѱ鶼ˡ 
ǸҲ˹Ƶؿ 
Ūʶ 
ϻ˵ǿǷСӣҸһ£λǶͬ־ͬ־λСĺͬ־Ǹʲôͬ־Ƕǳμ棬ոְɡ 
ҸϽȥҲһһᡣ 
⸱ģվһߵĺһˣЦſǡ 
ͻȻʲôƵģתȥϺʲô¶ 
һЦǺǵ˵û¶ˣⲻʶ𣿡 
ףһȻӣŶŶ 
һ˿Χ˵ⲻ˵ĵطҸطİɡ 
Ƕͷһ£׼ģȴưȴӶ˹˵˵λôҪ 
һưڵһӣɹңָûƵˡںһӣú̷ 
˵ү治ڲž͸ˡ 
ưһ㶣漴׹ˣЦ˵ᣬᣬһᡣ 
Цû˵ڱϵȵüˣ˵ǸϽأ߰ɣⲻ˵ãһ˵һˡ 
һҲûŪʲô¶Ҳ˸˾ŲʮҲԲ˵߰ɣλСֵܽӷϴֱģţ 
˱ƺƵĿȥ 
˶ĵһֺһͿ˳ԣӶˣӲ룬ƺɨǧŪǼ̵ֻʣµǿ 
ưʵ̲סˣ˵λүǳذɣ 
ֻųԣʱſǶ۵С۵سǣ˶һۣͬʱ˼ط¿ӣ˼˼ˣǳ԰ 
˹ЦԽ 
һ߳Ժһ죬֪࣬Ҷ˵ЦһҲ顣 
ԭһ̽նȥųǵʱ򣬶˹ĸ䣬ںϻһ۾ͼŪǺǲˬ֮лջģҵ˷˵ֻǻһڣǲ֪ô÷ 
Ҳһ˵иĺԨȥɵһһЩ飬˵ĻһЩװһ̫ˣҲˣҲûʲôǣȥȥɣҲǴţҪôȥǰ˴ɵ˲С 
һٷֱԵϣҲط֣ϺһӶҪҪ죬һҺȵе࣬ҡҡλεǳ˻꣬ŤŤػʱ򣬲֪ô£Ӿͻưˡһһ߿ڳݲ˵ҡƭӣ 
һְҲŪˣǳĳҹȥӣôǣȺͿ˰ 
ʹţĹĵ˵㲻֪ӣǸ𡭡ǴŪģٵģ 
һҲưһƭӣ˭ƭ˭ 
˵ʹյˡ 
ưղŻŴȣ˵ˣ첱ӴֵģֱۣҿȥɲУӾ󣬺˾ûأ 
Ұưһҵؿԣǵˡ 
Ұư˵˼ڲˮһڿ˳ 
˵˭ţղҾû˼Ҵ㣬ʩСͣ 
ѽ˵үĻˣǻᣬǵǾˡôţλүǾ͵ 
˵Ǿ͵ɡ 
ưͷһɽģˮˡ 
ư߳ȥұкߣȴ˯ˡҲеϮһ밮˭˭ɣҲˣ˯һ˵ 
 



ڶʮ 

       ڶһֱ˯ѹҷҺӴһİõǻϰġ ҴӴоͷʹѣӣۿһ£Ť˯ˡ 
ʹ˵ϴּϴϣ·ߣصס˼԰õꡣ 
ӻص˯ȥǸĺԨ֪סĸ䣬̨ʵġ 
ҽķ䣬ڶҰ˵ˣͷһǸĹûʲôȤ˵ղ˵ҪȥҲû¶ʲôı飬е졣ҲܲôˣϾǴ˼ҵ˳糵˵ǼͣȥУôء 
ص䣬ӻ˯Ҳû˯һɣʱ仹üҰѶʰãֻȥϺУ˳ҪЩװȻͿԳˣ뵽ҽס˷ 
˺ܳʱ䣬أûҪѵ˼ҿٵȥɾˣѣһͬһȥ 
ϺңϺ׼ţǵֻðͣ 
ûȦӣֱӿżɽضϺ˵ǾĺԨȥǸɹ̫Ķڼûʲôװæ 
Ϻ˵ð죬ɡ˵߽ϺȻ˼Щ˽ĶĹɱȡ 
ϺһǽĹͳѹȫǵ¹죬ҿһѾͲǧ顣ŪҶ˼ˣֲУãҪ˵ǮɣҾҲ̫ʡǾԵˡ 
Ϻ˿ûϵı飬Ȼֵðһһ㶵ġ 
ʱϺͳһǹһѰһԶǹǹһӵһսָ룬ɡֵ磬ûװأԼȥ򡣵ЩͰɵۣ趼װһλˡ 
ϺһӸǣһڹͣ˵˴磬Щ㹻ˡ 
ϺͷҲص˵ԶԶסҵĻ׼жô֣浽ʱ򣬻ǻò׼һЩûл 
˵Щ㲻𣿶ô죿 
ϺӶ̽ˣ˵ˣòˡȥɽ쳣װȻﵽһ 
˵һ·ϿɵöСİ硣 
Ϻû˵μײ֪̽Ҳ 
һ˳ĬֻϺڹͶ 
Ϻڹ˰죬ȴҲûͳʲô 
̵ģЩˣҼǵûŰôûˣ 
ҸϽ˵ˣ͹ˡ 
Ϻ˵ҲֻˣĶȥҴԻԻǼһ·١ˣӦûһϴȥʱ嵥˺ܶණǿԲοһ¡ 
ҵͷԥҪҪҶǮϺ 
Ϻûעң˵ҵˣкܶ飬Ǿʹ˱ɡ 
ҲɵȥסϺ֣û 
Ϻҵļ򣬡һȥҲСװȻҪҪҪӦ䣬֮һжҪСĽⲻáУЩһ𣬾͸Ҫۣ֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ 
ҺӶʹصͷ 
Ϻҳ󱳰Լһ£ߵʱš 
ҺһֱϺ߳¥ţػصϺ 
ӴʱҲΪأһƽʱ磬ظʰ 
ȫŪˣﾲشһػصǵõꡣ 
˵ӣ͸Ϻȥˡ 
˵ҲǣϧҲǡ 
Ϻ̫˼ˣû 
ҵͷһ˵ˣÿߵ·ͬѣҲһֱĹӦҪԼĹ£ԼģͿôȥա 
˼صͷ֪ǲȥˡ 
˵ӣҲҪˣȻԼ˴һȥܾ鲻ô򵥡ǸĺԨȻҵңȴǸһɵ㡣ҿ˼ҲӵģͬеĲ֪ʲôˡ 
ʲôõĵģ˵ֹصĻӣβհŹ˺ģǵôỰũūѸ質 
˵ԣҾλû顣 
˰ɣڿҪٲҸĹƶ廨ˡ 
˴Ц⼸챱û״⾩ǻѧͦ˵Ĭˡ 
˵㻹Լˣ 
˵ȥģӢأ 
˵Цһɨա̶￴ܶҵ˼԰һưʣµװ 
ұ˼԰ư̯ǰŪЩŶҰ˵ˣưεÿûнǽǡõҲ硣˵У쵱Ȼü 
һȥָֹ˰졣ȵڶȥһưưѾҪĶ׼ˡҿɻǲ˼ʹӶʱ򴧵ЩǮݸưɻưȴֲҪ˵Ҫȥɹ̫ĶˣϴЩ͵˰ɣưЦ¡ 
λصõ꣬Һ΢˵ƱϢˡȻһҪ̲ס˯ 
Ҫˣ󲻳жӡδ֪̫δ֪ˡҲΪ̫δ֪Ż˼еǡҾЩĸо 
Ժأ֪˼㣬ѾˣҲڳ˯˹ȥ 
 




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       ӱڣѾˡ ʵ˵Ҳ֪ѾߵһβɹŵĸУ֮ѡڸӣ룬ڸ˵ϴһЩԽгֵĲ֮ûԥϳһֱĪ£ȻУڹӦ÷ǳɱ߾ˡ 
ʼʱ򣬻żĳõĻܴ˳糵ٲҲ¿ʲôģԽߣӱԽϡ٣ʮģҲټйˡ 
һ·ߵöܼںʲô˱һŪôҶƣҺӻãǱĶֻ࣬ÿһ󱳰پϱЩһˮʲôġ಻ԣⱳϱţﻹţߣ̧ŵģҺںֱ֡ 
ȴ˿ûǰæ˼ʵ˵ˣǸûǵˡ 
ˣ⼸Ĺ۲죬ſԷֳ顣һ飬Ӻ飬һŮʮ͡ҲһŮΪʲôҪֹᣬȻ˼Ҹˣвı졣ҲСУ˵ҾЩģӲǱˣǰڽϿǸñӵļһû뵽ġڶ飬ĺԨĴ˵Ͳ࣬ʮңźں죬飬ȻҺˡ 
ǰ棬Һں档ǼǰżСؽ̸ںʲôҲ֮ܿӦú磬ȸöࡣҲߵĵطûϵܲܰҺӵ˰ϾںıųҲûеԽԽھͳָʲô״ǰǿҺӵֶΣҲòСǡ 
Һ˼֮ʣ˵ӣ˵ѾɵɵѽǴôණⲻǸԸ׸ 
ҸϽꡱһС˵˼Ұôǵġ 
˵ҾѾۡ 
˵Сȶȣ˺ô˵ˣҪǫ佾ꡣ 
˵ûҲûôѽϸ߰ 
˵ҿûϸߣϸ߻ࡣҲˣСûѹžͻþҪҪⱳҲ㣿 
Ӱڰ֣˰ɣɱûռұˣǰԼԼ 
˵֯϶ΣɲҪ˵䣬ͻȻǰ洫ˡӴһҺӸæ̧ͷȥȴһǸŮϻһ£ŮϻδͣԳҺӹ 
ǰ˼ŲסĴ¡ﲻ֪װʲôġǸŮܹЦһ˵лл㡣 
һɵۣ˵ˣôƯһС椶ôô²ɣܵɽҰ봦ˣǹУرࡣ 
ӿŲø첲ͱһ£һعϽ˵İɣ˵Һڲⲻϻ 
ŮΪ⣬̼öˣڼֲ֣ЦЦ¶һ׵ݣ˵лл㡣˵ֹðһа˵ĶǸѽ̫ˣǵͬ־㱳ŰɣһϲΪ֡ 
һҳҲϴԸ⣬ɻûȳԷңͿǸñӵļһǰ˻ۣǸŮ˵ò𣿡 
ǸӵŮϽ֣õöõöǸղŲСĻһ¡ 
ñӵļһ˵ǾͺãߣǰҵʵĵطϢ 
ŮͷñԶˣãҽԪ溡 
ãһæ֣ҽĺүү 
Ԫ溡ꡱһЦ֡ǲÿθ˽ܵʱ򶼼ôһ䣿 
һʱû׹ʲôôһ䣬һ䣿 
Ԫ溰һ⣬ģҵ˵үү 
˹ЦЦöֱˣ׻ң˵ʲôȴ˵Цˡ 
ƨһţע㣬û˼Ů𣿡 
һͦǣĺ׳ 
ʲôƵؿӣӿԪֿңѧҵ˵үү 
ȥģ̧ӣϵһһ˿ȥ 
Ԫ˵Ǳˣкܳ·Ҫأǲ𣿡 
һ⻰Ȼ˴㣬СǸñһģ᲻֪ʲôǲ֪뵽ɫʵ֪εĿĵɣ 
˭֪ԪҲûҡҡͷҲ֪û߹ңҲʡ 
ôһ˵̲סʧñɶôߵ˶ߡ 
ʱ˻ӣ㵹ǻ˶ˣ 
ԪЦӣҰѰݹȥ˳˵ȻǾ㱳ˣñӿ϶ 
ûʲôһֵܼסԪ溽ӹϣҵǰȥˣǵɣٺ١ 
ҺӶͷ 
ԪˣҶ˵ѾԺٳడŮǰǵģôͲöά׳󡣡 
죬С㣬֪Ůǰͷ⣬ôͲĹңҿܵսѰô˱ˣǺҵģ 
˵˰װԼһԹƵġ 
ӻƶȴǰѾһϢˣǹ˲Ϸϻϼߵ£Ҹط 
صʡ£ǲǣҲøǿҺڱϣ˼ˮӶˣõ㶫ԣñȴͻȻվƨɣ˵һ߰ɣֱ÷ۡҰοһӣҲµӿ費˹ġ 
һͣǰȥȻҺں棬е˼ĥĥߵֻһһ߸˼빤 
û˼߶˼Ͳͷˣ۾סĴȥ 
ڵʱĩѾй½ÿ죬ĲԭѾûǰɫ۽ǻĲƤżЩ͹СҲ¶ɫľҲ٣ֻҪУ;ִֵָĴʮϡ 
һ߿һߣӺȻؽһΪʲôޣϽôˣ 
ûشңԼܹȥڵϿʲô 
ҺҲɿܹȥֻһóߵĲֲ֪ڰڵزڸɿݵĲݴôģλÿʵЩ׷֡ 
˵ʲôҸղŵһġ 
һôֵģԭŵֲȷʵ⣬һֳ¾ɵɫõӹȥһƤι״һʱʲôҶӺ;һɫ̵ģϸϸëֲĶˣһδĻǶ䣬͸ɫսһţȻһ 
̲סˣһ£ֲԭչҶͻȻһžر߻һ 
ǲǺ߲ݰ 
ǣ߲ݳÿɲӡҿʼҲΪǺ߲ݣϸһ֪ǡҲŪҶֿ˿Ȼүүǰ˵һֲʱүү˵ȥ߲м񣬶Ҳߡ뵽һ󼤶̲סʹӼ¡ 
Īؿң㷢ʲô񾭣 
Ҽػ˵ˣ˼ĭ˵֡ӣˣ淢أ˲ݣǴ˵е˲ݡ 
 




ڶ β

       Ҽǵүүǰ˵ΪµĹйأԵĹҪкܶߣЩֿɷΪ࣬һӲģҲģʬ̽צ¿ӡXס򡢽ɡˮЬһЩҩһģҲлģУξɽķӡپһЩڿഫֽȵȡΪʲôҪô֣յʲôݣѾ׷ˡҲ²⣬ǰķʽ磬ӲģһЩ֮Ķ߱һ繴ͨĹܡĻģȴǹߣЩǹߣӡ˵ʲô;ȴʦүıбаӵáֽĹܵȻ͸ˣʽѹʬõ ĻһУҲѵõһǰ˲ˡ˵˲̫Ͼİԭĸݣɵԭ֮һմֿʱ䵽˼伸ӣѿ˼ˣϲмӣȡ˲ݡҲһ˵˵ۿ˲ݿʱ򣬻Ůڻ裬˲ȡ˲ݡ 
ҵĽ͸Ӿ棬ժ±ϵĹҪٳߡҸϽֵס˵ꡣ 
һ㶣ʲô˵ģڳ˵١ 
˵㻹˵꣬پڲڡǰֻ˲ݵĴ˵ȴ֪ΪʲôĹ߻˵ƳΪ 
ӷĹѽΪʲô 
˵˵˲һݣܸ֪Σգƽ㣬ΣռԵĹҵõǼֱ绢ǡ 
ӼʲôµвУ 
˵˲ݲʶˮֻʶԵ֮ˣԵ֮ˣˮҲԴҪԵˣ뿪˲ͻ 
ԥˣͣɦźףǡǿǺð 
̯̯֣ʾΪ 
վתȦӣ㲻ΣɣˮҲԴֲ 
˵Ҳֻүү˵ģûǰǲҲһҪȻ㷢֣û׼Եˡ 
ӻԥϲֲˡŤͷ˿ǰˣֻܿģӰӣѾߵúԶˡ˵ӣɵÿǵˡ 
ҧҧˣûͿһˣǺܴѲҵԵˣҲҲ 
˵ѾɹģŮˣ 
Ҳ˲˵𹤱Сȥ˲ݵĸϵǲһһˣͰ˲ݶʱӷ¹˫˲ݣҵҲɤۣһգ۵ĹͿήˡ 
ôؿţмӣ֪˵ǼٵĻӹԵ˲û¶һήļ 
Ӹ˻ˣ쿴ӣûݣ 
ҲܸˣѾߵԶˣߴӿߡӵǲأҳһͷڳ꣬Ȼ˲طŵ档 
ʣ 
߰ɡҪߣȴͻȻԶһӰ˹ȥҸϽһӣһ˲ݴ 
ôˣ 
꣬һԶһӱ˵˸ǡ 
˸٣ɣû֪ﰡ 
ԶȥԶǸ߸ߵ͵͵ĲԭûʲôˡѵҿˣܣӦòܡҾ۾Զŵƽɨһ飬ȷʵûʲôˡ 
߰ɣ˵ҿˡ 
СֵġϵԹҵ 
ڲȷҲϻ˱ӿŲҴҵǰ׷ȥ 
ԽԽúˣɼλͷȴֿʲôѵҿˣǺٵ˷ҿǣôøϽ϶飬ñ˵һȻñҲδؾǸ񣬵ϾһϣҲڲ֪ϸ¾ȴģҪԴΪء 
϶ˣҺȻ뵽һ£Ϊʲôһ·ñӶҪͶ̥Ƶļ·ѲѾ֪Ǻ˸٣ųܣñǺεȾ֮ˣӱһ·˳ľ룬һβͣӦò޲ġ 
뵽ҲͲôˣȻ֪ȴûţ˵Ѿ˰취Ӧֻһһβֲ֪ͣǸʲôβͣʵЩ̤ʵ 
ʱѾ˶飬ҺӶ۵̲סͷһۣȻֿӰβһ 




 뻢Ѩ

       ϿʼڣûϢٺõҲЩܲסˣ˵ϻôĸءǸԪ溣Ѿͣģȶʹˡ ѾƻϦأԴһر顣 
һǰߣٶȳȻñһٵشߴ٣ȷʵƣҲ㡣 
ǰ߹һ·ߵ··ٵǰ㣬ʡƽˣԵûʡ¡ջǽЬһǰֱЬݺݵضţˡ 
˵ӣ֪ɵʲô𣿡 
ʲô˯˯˳֮⣬ҲûʲôнԵ뷨ˡ 
㻹ô˵һ˵ڼȲԣҲ˯ǲǣҲǲ룬ֻǲġ 
˰ʲô 
˵ҰϽʲôҲУֻҪŪС 
˵ħˣŪ裬Ůװȥǲǣ 
ӡٺ١ЦȻҲ 
ʱñӴǰ˹Һһۣǻ𣿡 
ʲôǲ˭аûҿӾ˵ôģʲôָʾ 
ñ˵ϾҪطˣǰһӣӲԶǡ 
˵ãǾ͵ǰĴӰӪկϢһ춯֡ 
ñӰڰ֣㲻֪ǰĴпǸ壬ʱеĹרŵ˿أǧЩ˱γһ䡣 
ҵ˵ʱôҲδؾͻǵڵʹɣ 
ñӵͷǵԭȵǰ̽һ£Ƕ۵òˡ 
ҺӶһۣе˼ڿʼǵԼˡ 
˵Уȥ̽̽·õʱͶ 
˵ñתȥЩ˼䡣ҺӰѰŵǱϣֻ˷õļǹñǰȥ 
ĵƸͣҲǰϡ٣Ӧ¡һ·ŵǰһСΧĻи紵ݶ 
ǸӦǽһСεصУǰļӾͶǽеģֵΣڴ˰£򶼷ǳɺֻܽвֲѹˮӶάơ˶ԷΪˮֵҪԽϵͣȻĻҲάֲˡ 
һΣñͻȻͣ£ֽŲϣôˣ𣿡 
ûǰָָ 
˳ָȥǵĵƻ 
壿 
ӦˣñӰѹõ͵͵˵ǵ취ȥ¿ʲôá 
˵ȥǲѣǰɹ·ľУֻѱǲɡ 
ñ˵ҲֻˣҸȥǼǣǸֵӦ 
˵ñӾҪߣһסи˵ 
ñסΣʲô£ 
˵һ·Ϻһֱڸ٣֪֪ 
ñ˵£ŵ֪ˣҲǺϵģͬС 
ɳӣҾгñӸϽְҵͷѹһЩĶʲôӣǶǹȥˣҲȷǵġ 
ʱһֱû˵ͻȻԾ˵ʲôСı¶Ŀꡣ 
˵Ҫԡ 
٣ǽ˿Цá˵Ծͷԣ֡ʲô£ 
˵Ҳ֪ɳӡ 
˵¶ 
صͷ¶ 
תͷ͵Ұ㡣 
ñӿҲЦ漴кȥҲòһѣ˵֪Ǽˣ 
ñ˵Ӻһֱұڻһֱš 
˴󾪣æ˵ʱԼܿ϶ˡ 
ñҲһɳԾı飬ȷû 
˵ǰͿһֱ棬Բῴһû˵꣬ñͻȻһ˭ 
ҸعͷȴоԺѱһʲôУһĵʹҾʹ²֪ 




 

       ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ƶ˹ Ȼ˹ܳʱȴûʶĶǣ 
ʹ˻ԴһܣҾȻһôˣҸоʹ̣Դವۡ滹Ⱥģһһ̻ϣϻűӣʽӡޱ 
ˣҺӻñȥ̽飬ڲݴ׼ҪȥñͻȻֺˣұ㱻ˡ뵽ҸϽǣһߣҲűӣֻûñӡ 
ҽӼûʲôӦȥѣ˼ζҵֺͽŶˣԭѾˣ¸˸ʵʵ 
ѵģ;Ǵñӵļһﲻʲôû뵽ĵȻַԸǣƭ˵ʲô̽飬 
ҹһֻϺһ˾ţ֮ӱϣͷ£Ӳ۾˻죬ճһٿɿڵ͡ 
û˵ڵѹһŤͷңһôſڱϣŵӽһӣʲô㣿ǲŮˣ 
һڣޣ㵱Ը⿴㰡 
ӻûڵôʲôҸ㰡ǿɶǳˣٲǴɿ׶԰Сƨˡ 
˵㣬׶԰ʱҲûʲô뷨 
˭˵ûУ˵žȴָô° 
㣿ˡ 
ע⵽һȦһȦӣԼҲ廨һˣǲ̽ô˸ˣ 
˵˼ҵĵˣû뵽ñӵĻ֮ 
˼ǻñݺǣ 
ҵͷȴΪȻҡҡͷܰɣǸһȥ𣿡 
˵㿴ڲ 
תԲԴɨһȦڣܾˣȻеأǿһսϵİԸǶʲôô 
˵̫ˣ֪Ϊʲôʧ𣿾Ϊ̫ˣϰѻ˵ɺˡ 
ӻ˵ʲôҴˣϻˣ죬ɡأŪ˵ 
ӶãŬŬ죬Ҷ 
ҲȥҧӣͻȻѹ˵ӣж 
һȻнŲ˹ˡҸϽԼı䣬ɻû䵽ž֨͡һƿˡ̱ͷ밵˵֣ӿɲ㡣 
ȴ˵ѽ㰡㿴㿴ǲᰡôǸˣ 
㣿ѲԪˣ̧ͷһſվһŮģԪ˭ֻ·еũҸŮ 
ȻԪǱĺֶñǻ˵ˡ 
û˵Ԫ溣Ƿˣ 
Ԫ߹˭˭Ԫ溣 
Ҳĵһڡװˣ㻯ɻҲϳ㡣Ҹ㣬ǷˣǻеҪǰѴүƼˣҡ 
ôԪ˵ŴյҸǰӶҵˡ 
˼ұϾǸһڵ°ɣȼɱĻȷŷ˵ 
뵽ҸĿڵҲôǷˣҪñ̸̸ 
Ԫֻ۾գ˼£ûҵĻҪñ̸̸ܺñ˵ñӡ˵תӣҪñ˵˵ǲǺ֣ 
ӱŪԺģԪֿңǲǸˣ󡭡Ԫ溡 
ҲеƣҪ˵Ԫ溣ͳ̫ˣһģӿ̳ģѵԪ溻и˫̥ã 
˵ʲô 
˭֪ôһʣԪȴЦ˵ˣôòأղװͰ͵ģ˼֣ô˼ֵô 
һûҲЦЦĲԼЦŮˡ 
˵ˣ㰮ʲôʲôɣҹܲţ㰮װأͽװҲܲţȰǷˣòã 
ãԪ溵ͻȻ˰˶ȣСǲܷŵģҵȾͶˡ 
һʲô߰ģʲôСǲܷŵģȾͶˣСʲôϵ 
˵˭˵ģ˭СǿɲС 
үү˵ģ˵Ҫ͵͵ǣʹҵȡ 
ǹУر࣬ʲôʱðүүѵ治Ԫ溣ʵڳ̫ˣҪһӾԪ溣Ϊˡ 
̽˵㿴һ·ǶҲͦչ˵ģͿǣǰɡ 
Ԫüͷչңʲôʱչ˹ңǼ𣿡 
ҲֱԻҪݼ̫ãĲԪ溡ǲǣµǲڿܵӣҲܷǡ 
ðɣ˵㲻Ԫ溣ôܸܲң˭ôᵽģ 
Ů˵УҲܸǣүүҸǡ 
˵ǽ⿪ȥүүˡ 
ŮҡҡͷУүүںæ 
һ費費УҪôܲһֱôĪذɣ 
˵ȥүү˵Ҫ̸ǹҪˡ 
ǲǣŮǰҡͷﲻǼڴ棬ֲ̫ˣɲ˵ 
мﵽʲôط 
Ķܸǰɣ 
Ůüͷүүû˵ܸܲǡ 
һ˵ǽ顣 
ꣿһֱ˵һ˾񣬡ز𽴻ƽǶ꽴 
Ůûףҡҡͷүү˵Ǵ󽫵Ľݵĵ顣 
˵ѽҾ˵󽴵Ľ 
ҿӳȥûߣˣ𵷵ˡ˵תŮүүǸʲôģΪʲôץ 
Ů˵ʵҲǲܸǣҿ͵͵ظ㣬Ȼشһ⣬شúãҲŸǡ 
һתϽ˵˵ɣֻ֪һ㡣 
û˵ŮϾӿƣҧҧ˵ҺǸղ˵ǸԪ溣˭Ư 




 ǸŮպ

       ҺӶһͬʱָеЦԪ˭Ư˼һΪҪʵʲôҪ⣬ȴû뵽ʳ⡣Ůôôǿ ɴ˵ǿԶ϶ӦȷʵԪ溡ԪôһСӣֵزʲô׽¿¿ǡ̫֮ˣԪ溲õ 
ɫȻϲֻͶã仰˵ 
˵⻹𣿵ȻƯˡ 
˭֪Ů˲ûϲüңգŽ۾˵滰ûƭң 
ûûУҡҡͷ˴ڿȻǳˣҲײƭ˵ġ 
Ůûһл촽˵˵˵ĶƯ 
⻹סˣҪ֪Ҫ֪Ϊʲôֽʵ˵ź«ѵҵǿû뵽һͬȺõˡ 
˵ⲻΪôƯƯöѾ޷ݣòѳܱķ룬ʲôòʲôǣʲôɫ㣬ʲôֲݣ֮һӷʣ֮һȴݣʲôһۣһЦʲôȵȰɣȫȫس׵׵ȫȫسֵַݳ֮һʩƷ槼ɷ񻷣СС̫֮ˣǿһ۾ҲˣѾӡҵվסҲ費˼˯žʳŮӺϣ´ղڣΪ㲣ǰ˺󲻼ߣǾ㻳׳˼ɣϾ£Ҽĳ£ֱҹOǳ鵶ˮˮٱ 
һʵڱﲻסˣһЦһ˵ӣƿػ˵أ 
ŮҲЦᣬ˵ʲôҶڱʫ𣿡 
һˣ˰أ˶ͷһˮⲻæⲻ˶ţڸϾ˵˰죬ȴһûЦ˰ɣ 
ʱҵľɥ֪ұ˪ӣûɵ˵ãû˵ 
Ůؿңôû˵أȻûǺܺҴûôĻҲûô˵ȻүүҲұȫʫɲҿЩʫЩʫүү˵ʫԡʲôʫѽ 
ʫ㷢ʫ˵ⶼʲôˣôֲϷ⽨ľµʱôû 
˵ˣҲشˣǲܸôץģ˭ץǣΪʲôץǣ 
Ů˼ЦЦ˵ɱ 
Ҳ˵ɲŹ֡ 
ץġ 
˭㣿ҺӶԾ۾ 
Ů˼صͷ 
Լ 
Ҷĸ硣 
ʲô 
ͷһҴģʱ֪ᱳʫҪ֪ҿ϶ˡãû̫ 
һĶĶ 
ҷشҪ˵װ磬ǾԵũҸŮ󣬿Ҫ˵ôõ֣ȴš 
˵ʲôģ 
Ůӱһ鳣 
һǰ鳲ɵһֻǰͨǺɫа׶೤ҵĸ첲֣֣˺ڲеǰŮϴ·õĵ´ 
ʲôϴ·õģ 
Ůҡҡͷүүֲ֪أжҲ˺һ㲼 
һûȥüһһŮӼҼҵģȻʹÿôصҪ֪ʹߵıս𿪵˵Ϊ͵ˣǸ׳ˣû൱ıҲ硣̫ˣҪүүϺ񲼣СͲĵˡ 
ȵȣ磿ղҲ˵Ǻĸһжģѵ 
˵ô֪ǵģ 
ôһŮȻ¶飬˵Ͷˣǻ֪ɣүүǲҪ˺ʵʱٳ֣Ҫһʤ 
һǳԾѣ·ϿβͣпܾǣǸñӵĹôĹأñӣץǣǲҲץñӣ 
̫ˣ飬׼Ҫúõһ£ŮȴͻȻЦƵؿһۣ˵ôˣղŲǻ𣿡 
˵Ķйҡҡͷ˵һ鱻ץĻ˭ 
Ůһ٣㲻ҾʲôҲˡ 
ʵһ£İ˼֡Ǽƣ治˵ˡû취ֻ˵Сգ 
ٺٺ٣գҲպ 
ŮЦӯӯ˵ȴԾԸӣ˵պǸŮ˵պ 




 

       ǸŮ˵պΪʲôôԾ ж֮ǰѾĺԨ˵εĿɹһ̫Ĺ˵պⲻ˳̫̫ߵλȨ㳯Ұسá 
ÿɲһʱಡɾȥɳ붯ǺͦʰΣ֣̫λҲûʲôˡԴ֮󣬺øܳΣ˾ڶʹ¡Үɼҵسһͬξ̫ܱ֮ܲʦΪΪ˺ƽƣɹʹة࣬Ϊ֮һ仰ɳĳиáȨࡢӰһˡ 
޹Ұʷϻļأ˵ҪѰһȵĿɽ¼޺ãΪ˷ֹþܾ˵˺õţӴ˲ŷĴ󵨵סõҮɣչ顰ʡʼһϵɳˣʹ¼˳¡ 
Ҳһ˵СʱѾ뺫ýΪؽ֮ãѵ̸޵ĵزҮޣϱúõδ޼޸Үӣʹźȵ󣬳̫Ȼˡ겻ϼ޴磬޶ȴ󡱵̾ʱתѾȨգųѣ뺫޾ɺҲͳȻ¡ 
֪ҲЩڵʵΣֻеȴЩоϴʷרѧȥ֤ˡ 
ɴȴƲǺϼĺᣬôĹпܾ̫ĹȻб˵ݵıڵ̫Ĺȴûȷɵ֤̫ĹĶʵڻһ֮ա 
ǣۺڵļǴпܵġ뵽ҽסղҪʵҲˡ 
ǸŮ֣ôʱ䲻˵ǰ˻ΣιѰ˼ʲôأôͻȻư 
˵ưء㣬ǻץ˭ 
Ůҡҡͷ 
ŮҡͷҰһãȻûץñӣǹжڽ֮Уñɲ⣬û׼Ӫǡ뵽Զǰëˡ 
˵㵽׽ʲô֣㿴۶˵˰컰ˣһ֪֡ 
ŮЦЦҽкӽأ 
ĺڸСߵǸһ·ӽô֣СﻹôƯ֪ˣ˭֪Ȼֲʹ͵˲òࡣ 
ӽ˵ĺֳ̱һгӣĺ찡ܲµĴ󽫣үүҽĹ£û뵽ԭ㰡ǸˣΥΥ 
һô˵ûЦͲʲôʣȫǱ壬ûʵ飬׻ᶼ˵òײࡣ 
˵ˣҲֲǴСյĻûӴ˺뵽Ϊеһ˿ 
Һ˵ǾΥǾ 
˭֪ӽ۾һɣǾΥүү˵ľǾΥ 
ͦʲôүүģүүֲǽ̿飬һǸ⽨̣ʲôģ֪ԺֶЦҲû˼ʲôǾΥʲôǾ˵úãǾΥ˵Ϊʲôǹ 
ӽŭδһۣǾΥүүô˵ģôͲţ 
ҸϽ˵ţǾΥǾΥҲ˵𣿡 
˵ǣ 
εصͷҵùôϵľ 
ҿһԼղŵ⣬Ϊʲôץ 
ôңǸʲôǲ֪𣿡 
ҳһ֮ǰ˵ǵĵģ߼ԣðɵ뷨СƵģںȻ˵ôһ䣬һ治ϰߡǵжѾױ¶ˣһҲǣܲ¶˼ҴԶͿʼˣ˵һһǵҲΪûץñǣȻؿȫˡڵҲֹۣܴ̽һЩȻӳȥñӣȻҰû 
˵ô 
ӽҡҡͷôүү̸̸ܻġ 
ʲôʱ򣿡 
Ͳ֪ˣүүںæ 
æʲôүүǸʲôģ 
үүӽתԲȦͷһһ˵үүĹ٣Ȼкܶˡ 
˰úЦôƴһСӣʲô٣ٴܴĶȥ 
˵үүǴ峤ɣ 
ӽмҡҡͷ峤̶֥Сٶүүݣ 
ҲţүүȻϺҵͳԼҲʲôʲôةģôСƨʵҲ͸峤һҪǻ׵鱨ڶеˡ 
Ĳɵ˵үүǸģ 
ӽһվһָһָأ˵֣˾ 




 ܷ粨

       ˾ ںӽСŮ˵ֱҺ󱳷䡣Ȼ֪ȷʵţȵصսʱΪϵıУרɹģΪѶ˺˱Ϊǵת˳Ϊɡ 
ֻû뵽ǾȻм˾ 
ڲǹȥûսӦҲûм룬ü˾ʲôѵϵʽڽУ 
뵽ųһ亹æʣүүƽЩʲôûʲôʲô˵飿 
ӽڰ֣ûô˵أүүǹ飬ҿطʲôġ 
ô˵ҷǧ꣬˾Ҳǰļ˾ˣֻôƺѡ 
˵ȥүүɣòã˵̸̸ 
ӽ˫ߵűߣùһ£Ҳ˵үүæģûʱǣҪǵĻǵġ 
㲻˵˵Ҳǵġ 
˵˲оǲУѽ˷ 
һ㱻ôԡ 
Ҳû£ٸұʫɡӽŵϣЦؿ˵ 
ҰͷŤȥҷ̫ۣͦɵڿϣ˯ӣ˯ڷԺһ˵˯ɵࡣ 
ӽһûˣವ߹סҾ˯ˣ˯ͱˡ 
֣ؿһۣ˯ܸǽʲôҲɲˡ 
ӽһۣ廨ýʵҲ֮ģ㱻ú𣿡 
ҵͷ 
ǡԥһӽҧ촽˵ҿ㲻ˣҰ⿪һ£ȻٰϣԸ𣿡 
ԸԸ⣡æ˵ֻҪҽ⿪ٹԹԵҾɵӡ 
ҲҪ⿪ңӿҲ⿪͸ 
ӽͬ⣬ҵӣһ߽һ˵ɡ 
˵㻹ǲǡ 
үү˵ű˵ģ͵͵ذǽ⿪ѾΥ˼ҵˣԻһɾ͵Ұϡ 
˵ϿһûͣѾҵӽ⿪ˡҴӿóʱûˣȫľһ˼£ожˣ㶯ȥӵӡ 
ӽһ´Ӻվұϣһ⣡ 
˵⿪һ£ôŶǵͬ־İôΪִ񣿡 
˵Ͳ⣡˵꺫ӽץҵ֣ûͷʹ˦һ¸첲ѾȰ棬ҧ˵һ䣬ҡ 
˵ҲǱ㣬ֻǱð⿪û˵꣬ҾһɾϮӾһСģ 
æһףܹ 
СӹȻĺ˵־ͶˣһҲҹ˲ٽӵӣֻȰŵҵֳŵأһǬԾսȦľȻ׷ᡣ֪õûرҪӲһԼҹʼʩһףһ¿ٴԺ֮㿪һ 
ӽû׷ϣվ˵û㹦ǲϧЩܵĹ򣡡 
˿ҿûʱ죬Ҽɨ˼ۣһܺԿӾӣûпɵĶҰһҲֻþɡ׼֮ 
˼ӣɲУʵûʤ㡣˵Ҳûôֵļһ 
ӽȻмƣְ̧ŵһߣãҾͲ˵۸㡣 
Ҽʧ¼Ծϣɡֱȡء 
һڣһһһ˵㲻Լŵӣú𣿡 
仰˵ҵʹʵڹ˲ôˣ˳ˡ 
ӽ㿪ҵĵһ㼱תȥȥƶסȥ·ͬʱٴλӵοҼ硣΢Һ˫ֽҵ磬ȣҸſ׼Уҵļʵұ㹭˫һײĸû뵽Ҫľ˫ֻҼһҵһвõһƨ 
ӽȥתȴȥ״еؿң·ǰվŵֻһƷʱƷС 
ҳŭһԾϣ쵶Ŵȥû뵽ǰֻмһһìܣҪһô죿ȻŮһҲҶӶܺãʵڲ˺ 
ԥ䣬ˣʹһѹѵĲӡ 
˵ҪǲҲ˺ģֻҵѡ 
ӽһ˵ 
ƵȻõסĲӣɫ˵ƶߣأˣС 
˿ߣһСĵעһȥϵӡ 
ҪҰ 
ǡҲٶˣѾˣֻҺܹʵڹ˲ˡ 
ɾҼ׼ӽʱͻȻĽŲ 
ӴǰһֱעǵĴ򶷣ҲһС˵ӣˣ 
һʱ֪롣ô粻ˣƫƫʱˡô죿Юֺӽʣǽ֪Ϊʲôʵڲ֮١ôأڿﻢ¡ 
ӽôˣ㲻ͦô 
죡СǳңƼҹǽŪư˭˭ 
ٺ٣ӽЦҵи취 
Һɵؿһֻۣһ΢΢ζĺףЦ 
ʲô취 
ʵʵϿϱӣҾ͵ʲôû 
һӽô˵Ȼӿһɼ临ӵĸܣимǲҲкܶĶѾϸˣǽŲԽԽ 
ҧҧðɡ˵ұ˱ѡ 




ڰ 

       ϣžͱһƿˡŵڿϲҶûӡ ֻӽ˵磬ôˣ 
Ǳʮ㣬үүģҪˡ 
ӽŶһ𣿡 
ȻˣȻҸˣ 
Ұ⣬үүҪģҪȥĻɻῴûӣʵе㲻ֻκӽܾ˾ȵףͷ죬ĪҪڹϷ˴źá 
ӽס磬ɶ磬С»õԶ𣿡 
ܾӽһק첲˼£ҲͲټˡǺðɣСĵ㣬ˡ 
İɶ磬Сһ첻𣿡 
Ӧһˡ 
Ҵӿ˵ĺӽһۣε֣ϰɡ 
ӽ΢Цţˣôأ 
ϻˣ˵ϽϰɣҪүү 
ӽ°ϣûҵĽţְӵĽɿɡ 
һǰһ߳ȥ 
߳ҲſӲСղǴǺһŷӣмķȥ̫ͷϸ߸ߵعţյȺģʱӦ硣 
ķӴȥͻ϶һǸմŷӣǽҪȥķӡҪȥķԶܿ벻ǣһ˫㽨ģһ 
ʮӣӵǰſںܴ׺íĴľͷŷֿߣȥеʱšӦиҶ֪Ϊʱ̫ãΪظˣ˿ʣһελã߲ȥͺͺġ 
˴ſԿһ˷һſмźʹǹʱ粻Űֽ 
ӽһ·ǰ棬ýʵʵظں棬оոձ 
ݺӽٹǣߵϵһʣҺ 
ʱҲע⵽һ԰׵ͷŶִĴ磬ޱؿǡ 
㲻Ҳڡ˫ôš˼ӣҿͷӾȻû˵˼̲סˡ 
˭Ϊʲôץ 
ͷϻǰı飬ϲŭ֡ 
ʣ㵽ô 
ͷȻڣӿû𣬡ѵưͣ߸ϵģģû뵽ԭǸư͡ 
ͷվ۾һգգؿңĺ 
Һһǳϡԭ㲻ư͡㵽ʲôô 
ͷȴشҵ⣬㵽ˣǵˡСǽ⿪ɡ 
֪ĸëȻðôһ䣬װǻƵģʲô㵽ˣҪүүһƹᵽ⼦ʺĵط𣿡 
ͷΪ⣬ŶλСֵܵ˼ǲ 
ǵȻˣûʶүүֶΡ 
һظʹɫװǵĿɱһʱ֮ܣˡ 
ͷЦЦ˵ʱϻǲҲèһԣ 
һĺҲӿֻҪǣҲô׵ؾץǻ 
ӿһۣҲӣͷ 
˵ǺãھͰǽ⿪Ҫץס㴦ãҹүүС 
ͷ֣Ǿô죬СǷ˰ɡ 
ӽ߹ǽӣؿǣȴһԡ 
Ҳͷͨı£ֻҪǳȥˣǾţ뺣ץסǡ 
ҿͷһۣͷָֻʼı顣˵ǵĶǣǱʳװץסٶǡ 
ͷЦ˼Ǻðɣˣץ͵Ҵá 
˵·ϻҺ˵㻰һĭһ 
ͷʾһ£ӽ˱ҴԵؼһ£ֶڣһһϣ˸߲ҵﳤȥ 




ھ һ

       ҺӴ󲽴ӽ߳Ҳ߶ʮһ·ĵطһȵҶԵʱҲóָⶨ һ߳һ˵ôӣ 
˵Ҳ֪ԭأһǾҵñǣǲǸ϶׷ǡ 
Ȼ̼һͷԵþ⣬ñĶôأ 
ҺҳһЩҲ˵ϣǰϼһһֶñӿ϶ҲǶصġȱôˣǵץ·˵϶һ׷ˡ˵˼ۣ϶һʼ˶סǡ 
ڵķӦøǱץǰķһ£Ҽǵñ˵岻Զ̫ĹƾѰѨı£Ӧòҵ 
һϸع۲Χĵһ߸С·ǰߡܲûʲôɽ󴨣ƾǴ˰أֻһб£ɴ˿Ҳʲôɽ󴨡 
һȽ֣ĵһֱ죬Ҽǵúñȥ֮ǰǸӾһСû뵽Ļǻȫ˵һСأһ״İݴڵķһ·¡˵дĹӦĸŶԣǲǰһϼλӦǰˡñȴǣĹô£ǰ˼⡣ 
ߵƻ裬ҺӶЩˣҲû׷Ҳ𽥷Ҳͷ˵ʲôݣŻŻСӣԼҸ̨°ˡ 
ҸطϢҰɻ˵ˣ˾˵еû˭ñƭǣתǵߡȴò̫ܣʵûƭǣǰҲЩˣĹ˾Ըɲˡ 
˼޹ҺӼ·ϺˣʵЩ 
ƻһֱ¡ɹŸԭĺƽ1000ңĺѾԶԶص֡ 
ǰȥС·ͻȻʧˣ׵ʧˣһСͻȻûһ 
ǰһƬµĲԭȥһ󣬾ԶĵƽӡϦһ߹ҿڲԭмͻֻǹʵ̫徿ʲôָӿӵҺãҲ 
ߵһͻ߹ȥ 
׻˵ɽͻžͲ͸ԶˡѾȫҺóֵ磬Ҳֻճ׹⡣ܾó棬ѹֵĿ־塣 
ҺС˵ŻԵֿޱ޼ʵĺڰ 
˵ǰһʱڰⲻ֪ƻһʱ䣬Ҳڰġ 
ͷûҲûǡնˣֻʣһƬڣ񱻷һԷյĴ 
ҪеʲôҲãһֱ˰˿ֲζ 
ҺӴҴҵǰߣֵĹ΢»ζš 
ͻȻԶһУһغСҺӶһۣͬʱжϣȺ 
ʲôʲôеĶûУôȺأ 
Һӹصֵ磬óǹеɿǰȥĺһһصһ޷²⵽жֻǡ 
һһ˵ӣ˵ǲǲ飿 
ʲô飿Ƴһۣ֪˵˲ݣҲ湻ԵģڶҪ뻢ˣ᲻˲ݡ 
Ҳ£ģʰֻ 
ҿûôֹۣȺȱģҪǸǶˣʮа˾ŵЪˡ 
ûôɣϼҵʱǣⶫˣǱǵʵС 
ôװ˱ˣϽܰɡ 
ԽԽˣҺûطɱǰļ״ͻһЩ֪жԶľ롣 
һյĹʵۻˣ 
˵ӣˣҪȻƴ˰ɣȥƴûˡ 
ͣҲܲˣǲаӣȺһֱںأǲͣϽܡ 
ã˵óˮཹཡ˼ڣҲ˼ڣ 
Ⱥĺһֱ룬ظǣںǱƴһЩ˵ãﲢڳǰȥغţԷսֱԷΪ־ңǲŻϣȺ֮ 
һЩˣֻǻеضţظϡ 
˺ӣȥֱЪˣ 
ˣֵ磡Ҳʵܲˣתֵ磬׼Ⱥƴ 
̰ͣ˲ݷŵһߣֵ磬ǹ˨䱸 
ǳ˷ĺУ̶ڶʮ׵ֵĹɨûпȺֻǵӰӶûп 
ӣ˵ǻýܡ 
ˣҲˣƴˣ 
ǣڹǵռƣڵȸͬأԲԶԶظǣǵץסС 
ǡ 
߰ɣһѣǰȥӱ˲ݽϡ 
һαһܵû죬Ϊ֪ǱΣգڵаֱζˡ 
һǰļ״ͻѾǰֵĹҿһʯͷʯݣʯݲεġ 
ڵǿʯݾͿ˾ǣҺܵøˡţҺȻŵһǺǵĶһͷӣһֱ˲һűӣǳζ˲ݷģʶûӦ͸еһ˱˿һͨһµȥ 




ʮ 

       һ˲ң϶һ᲻úΪ뵽ǲڵ壬˳ǹ󵶣üľͷ ԵһصˤڵϵʱҾȻʹֻﷴţһûһţûгǹûд󵶣Ҳûľͷ 
ǡͨһҲ 
Żһˤ۵ĸ첲ȡ 
Сĵаûˤɲ 
ԩƨɣ۳ˣʵƲסתһˣҲˣһ˹ּįģɴɡ 
˵úû˵꣬ŵǹǺǵĶҴյˤһߵ˲һţû³ 
ȷζ˲ݷģҹȥţ˷ܵ˵ǲˣ 
ҡҡͷҲ֪ƽ㣬Σռ˲ȷʵˡѵΣˣ 
ôûΣգȺΣգ 
ղΪʲô 
ղšҲûо 
ֹӣһ˵ȺңǺ𣿡 
һ£ҡҡͷûˡ 
ԣ 
ʲôԣ 
Ҫ˵ȴͻȻһ󡰳ԳԡЦһԶĽŲ 
Це죬ǺӽСӵ 
ˣ˵ƥץסˡ 
Ҳһ˵ȱ˵ˣǧӦ 
ӵͷֵ̹磬һһǽǽš 
Ųߵ棬һ˸ιˣϲ䣿 
ȻǺӽҺñӶסͣ˵һֻ֡ʱ˲ݷĳζŨˣѬθһܡ 
ӽǲ˵ˣϲ䣿 
һûзӦӽ֡ЦôˣûʲôúߵİֻҪ˵䣬Ҿ 
ι 
˵ǣ 
֪棬شңҪٲ˵ҿ˰оأġ 
ĺ 
ٲ˵˰ 
˰ 
С߰ɣҾͲǲ¶һе硣 
ӽӿӱ׼Ҫˣһϲ 
ڸ˼䣬û뵽ͻȻһءһڵ£Һһ 
ŲˣԽԽԶҺֵһȷǶ֮Ŵӽ 
ѽˣҴʹ˼ӣôˣ 
ҲʹţǲֻǱȸղŲˡʲô˼ѵ˵ӽΣգܡǾֻˣֻǼһ棬ӡкҲʲôˣôвأ 
˵֪СӸղʲôҿ 
ѽӴһǳԵģУܲ 
µǳԵģӽ۱ͺãȻῴҲδСĺֶΡϹıɷ˼飬ûҵӳĳҰԼ̫ģ϶϶ȥˣҼװʱȴûз֡ 
ʲôأӴгԵþģڳݲ˵ 
˽϶ĵˣ׼ˣǰȥѾ 
˵ȥ 
ϻ 
ˣ˵ 
ô㻹𣿡 
ûС 
粻˵иƨã 
㲻ˣʹʳԽԽˣȫǸʲôˡ 
ʲôʲôģ 
Ĺİ׾׵ģһȥ 
һɲǣôû뵽˹ 
ӣСԽԽ˰ 
ǡ 
ˣҹȥӣˣȥٳԣȴ򶴡 
ӺߺվҴ򶴡ʱҲϸع۲壬֪Ϊʲôıڲ㣬渽˺һʯңҲʯңҿܸ񣬹һºݺݵؿϣȻֻһǳǳİ׺ۡ 
ӿһۣ˼ףӲˡ 
䲻ĻֻΪʲôʯң𣿺ԲǡһΪˣֻǽΪ壬ûҪʯҡǡ 
ͲǸõ壡 
ˣ˵Ĺһָľ֣ĵѨе覴ãʹѨҪĸȴ£λˮҪԴ˴ķˮȻأҹ̱ҲǳҪıľŸҪѨۡ 
ղźӽ˵оףŸѨۣףǸɺϻǡңʱҾͿƣǰǲʺ˵ģ˵̫ˡ 
ＫпܾǸľ֡ľֲô򵥵һӾ˵ģҪô滹ж죬ҪôǸ״ʯйŹ֡ 
ĿǰǣûҵˣôСĿռ䣬ըҩϡֻеʯһôӳ⹷յĴأ 
ҺһĪչõɽ˼£òʯҼط̫ʵˡӲģԲ˸첲ͣšڿȥ 
ߵ˲ݱߵʱͻȻŵǹǺǵĶҸϽкס֣Sæعֵ磬㵽˽䡣 
ŲԶ룬ѵӽСӵ׷Ĳǣֻˣ 
ɻûȵ࣬Ѿ˿ǰҲ˵ֻŪʲô 
С˵ǲָͳԵˣ 
˵꣬ȻһȴǳԵģصǲݣ 
ҰһãǰѲϵ䣬ͻȻལཡص¾ʱһŨŨľ 
Ҳ٣˭ӷŭشֵ磬һĸߴվڿϣ˫ֱһľͰ 
ҿϲѾˣȥǹӱֻ죬ǹ˹ȻҲƣһͰƻûľͰֻ䵽ֱۡ 




ʮһ ֮

       ҺһӻֻҪһ޿ӡ ˿ǲҴ⣬ȫǹŵضſӿڡ 
ӹȥˣ澹Ȼһֱûж 
ѵһ˰ˣܣֻǰһ¡ 
ˣȻǲԴС 
ӣ㶢ϸˣ 
·ڿȶţֻҪٹʮְ˷ӣƾܻӷ࣬ʱӻҲ¡ 
ȵ𾢣ͻӴһҸæͷͼȼյĻӡȰȡǹһʣµŹµ䡣ҹ˲ϸ룬ȥ·סһ˳һ˦˦ȥҪȥһʱѾˣۿǸѾҪڵϡͻȻƺһǰȥҪӲǻѡ 
ʱͻȻ˶ҴһСġȻҲ²ļһҪʲôԲʲô¡ʱץס˻ѣһӣתȦϷɳɵӿյǸˣ鹭ಡ֦һǾ֮ڸղ˶ȻǱɡܵǽǣǽߴһڵŴ˼ 
һϵж˵ʵȴգ۵Ĺһߣ䲻ݷ 
Һ˻֮׼ʱٴû˶ 
ҲˣôǱģͷһΡ 
ǹض棬һĶɤˡ 
һ㶯ҲûˣʮӣǾĵģʲôƵġ 
еϾھƾӷˣлҲ޴󰭡 
˲ݵĳζҲûˣΣѾˡ 
ҲһһۣҿЦ 
ǸչûһͻȻִĽŲҺһӽΪ׼ĽĿʵ١ 
ĺǵˣ˲Ҳûʾ 
Ȼûߵȿ˵ĺģûУǺӽ˭ 
ͷϣģҲ 
ֱӿڴǰЦ󵶳ʣʲô 
ǸӣҾͲˡ 
ӻҪҸϽס۲һгȥ˵ 
ӵͷ 
ӽѾߵ˿ӱߣ¿һۣһӺȺ˳ȥ 
һȥӾһץסӽˡ 
˵ΪʲôҪǣ 
˭ҪˣҸ³Եģǲлң𣿡 
ٸװ޹̹״ӿܴϣҪǲ˵Ҳ 
˵ʲô˵ô𣿡 
һβԣᡣӣѸղŵӽ˵ˡӽŵ۾ 
𣿡 
˿ʱˣͱôˣ˵˵㶼֪Щʲô 
ӽ˵ˣ˼ 
ѵǡһӽüͷ˵ôһ䡣 
磿ҽĻ 
˼ؿһۣô֪ 
Ҳ֪˵ҲµģΪֻ֪ 
ӽҡҡͷܶ˶֪ˡ 
ܶˣҼԼĶ䡣 
˶֪ 
ǡô֪ˣ 
үү֪ͨİºھˣҪǲһ㣬һǶûӰ 
գ̲סһ䣬ͷʲôͨı£ԭ˶۸١ 
Ϊʲô磿ҲңϽʡ 
ΪΪҾһֱֵֹġ 
ֵֹģôַ˵˵ 
졭ǹֵֹģȱ˵ˣȴ뿪ﲻȫˡ 
ȥӺòײִǼңҿɲȥ 
ǲǣӽڰ֣һطɡ 
һ뿴ǰʯͷСʲôҲÿˣкӸϣҸȫĵطܱܷͷ˵ 




ʮ Ŀ

       ҿǰķǰ治Զļ״ͻ𣬲Ǹһǰִָߣ֪ΪҹɫǱǺɫʯͷֵȥĹⱻûøɸɾ ˼ǰߡ 
ӺȻ˵ܲʣ㵽ΪʲôҪǣ 
ӽͷҲص˵Ҳǰװ׵˰ 
ĸʲôϵǸֲ졣˵ˣôСӣûҼéӴסүЦ 
ӣҪҿ治ˣӽͣ£תӡ 
ڿɲܸСˣҸϽԲˣλ˵ǻץʱ䣬ͬ־֮ͲҪˡ 
û뵽ӽìͷתңһףǿҲ˳ۣ֪ҲҲ˳ۣһ·ɫ 
ͱͱӣЦûûУûСҲû˼Ǿϰǣⲻȥ 
ӽŭؿңֱ﷢ëǧʹˣҺӿɱˡĹĵص˼۱תߡ 
ҸϽתƻ⣬ЩСʯݶǸʲôģ 
ӽû˵ƻ 
ʵ֪Ҳǰʣ㲻ҲǺǣһ䣬үү˵ܸǡүү˵үү˵͹֪үү˵ 
˵ȤҲͲ˵רĵͷ·ӽнŲ죬ϲŲ¡˰Сʱʯǰ治Զӵ˹ȥҲȻЩ첽ȥȴʯǰȻһʯţһѴ 
Կ𣿡ʺӽ 
ӽͷͳԿȥû۲һʯݡڵأܿ϶һãȴʵ벻ʯݵǸʲôõġ 
ôûԿ׿װӽ˹ĵ˰죬ðôһ䡣 
Կײ԰ɣʡ 
˵ԿҴүүķ͵óģ涼бţд˵ˣԿײҲԿ׿װ 
Ӳ˼ͷƤԶԡ 
ҿ߹ȥϸضԿףֿǰжʮֳĴһĿ 
ʲôʲôĿֱɦͷƤ 
ԣҽ˵νĿ˼壬ǿҪĲ˳ȱһɡ㿴ʽǷҹ⻬Կ׿ףֻ˸һ÷ӣһģһܻ˵΢һ÷ȥƿϵĺʱ¶һţѰƿԿ׿ײ¶˳ 
һԿ࣬ʲôʱıôôأҿִĶ 
û㿴ϣǰͭģӦġ 
㻹УҶ֪ôӽһȥ 
ҲϹèˡ 
ǫֲͣǰ㡣ˣҲվ˵ˣȥɡӽ˵űʯţʯȴһ 
Ҹջôʲź˵ 
ӻ벻ˣֻӣʲôܲܽҿ 
ֶۣ㸽˵ֵǮ 
˵ӴһȭҾͿṹͦӵģû˼ٺ٣û˼ӣƲˣָġ˵ӣĭǰȹȵŵȥʯţֱ۵Լȴ˿ 
԰ӣ𣿡 
翴̫Ծһֱĥ 
»бĻأ⵽ǸʲôڣСͬ־Ϊ˴ҵİȫ룬ǲ͸¶һ£ 
ʵҲ˵үү˵һھˣͷ 
Ҳüͷôһ˴󶯸ɸꣿҾҵĲ²⣬ӦͬǰʯһǸľֵѨ֮һ 
ûȥ𣿡 
ûУҴûȥ 
գСҲ߯ˣԼûȥȻֱӾʹˡ 
˺ӣͱĥߴˣ취ôȥɡ 
ҽʯţֵ滺ƹʵûʲôء 
żûأؿ϶ڸɢҡ 
ʲôζӽͻȻűʵ 
ãӺҼͬʱһΣգ캫ӽһӽ˴Ҵҵʯݺȥ 
ں棬Ҳϵ̽ͷȥΧ̫ڰֵʲôҲ 
ʱ˲ݵĳζԽԽ˶Ѭ˱ӣҴ 
С˵аӣ˼ζҲҵǡ 
֪ܲӴԭأһλöŻӽȴҵ½ǣˡ 
 




ʮ 

       ڰвܱֻзһƺӽԼҲһ߹ȥ ͡һƿյʲô֮Ķԭŵĵط 
ҺӼͬһʱֵ磬Ǹ˽ƻ쳣жѸٵóһȥ˵ȥ磬Ӱȫޡ 
ӹȥյϣһѳķɵû 
ӽγɵؿţƵ˵һ䣬Ҷ硣 
˵硭ΪʲôΪʲôҪأ 
Ҳ֪һֱֵֹģаһ 
һʸϸӲ˵ô˵ЩڿǴеǰ 
ס˵һֵһǹʯǰӽںţһһ߲ͣҪ½ǣǧǹ 
Ӧ뵽ʱҲɲǰ˭֪һôһ 
ôû˺ӣ˵ 
˵ббشӱ߰׶ľ롣 
ΧʯתһȦûҵ˵ټһټҲûҵͺûһټһƬڰʯôҪһȷʵףǻ׷ɢ±Էơ 
ԭȶصǽԵǸǽǣǷһСĿ˵СΪҿȥ˵϶ЩѶȡܹ⻬쳣ƺʲôһֱеϵ⵴ĶѨ 
ôӣǲ 
ûشӣʺӽһֱ𣿡 
ӽҡҡͷûעҲ˰ɡ 
شԭʯݾǸȻıӻʲôﵱϳҲȻĴСʲô͵Ķǣһֻǻ˵Ҫһѡ 
׽ǲ赹Ǹ仰Ӽ 
ѾӼҲȥ 
˭˵ҽȥˣүɻǹ 
ǹ²У⹦Ҳеϣ 
ѽӣ˵㣬ԽԽѧˣǹΪ𣿡 
ваҲʲôʱˣôϹ˵ûꡣ 
һĴȣСͬ־˵öԣͬ־֪ƶ죬ˣȥһ̽ʵѹذɡ 
вУȰŪȥɣҿɲԸ档˵žꡣ 
һѣУȥ˷ʱˣҽȥҲԴʯţǾʹȥ 
˼Σȷʵ겻ȥֻ˳ðɣξͰøˣүԤӡ 
ˣϻôôࡣ˵Ұֵ˽ȥһǿҵĹʯ﷭Ťͣˡʵڿ涼Щʲô¡ְǹ˽ȥںһѣһ˽ȥ 
ɿ㰡 
ңСģ 
ҼֵͲǹҲ˲ʯϸƹмһ̨ӣǺӽ˵ľֱߵǰŴֵ˼ξҵ˻أһҡѣǰʹһҳкһ㶯ҡһص죬ǰʯŻһȻԾϼӾʯа˸ˣǻûҸסҡѣͻȻﴫˡһһѵ滹㲻ɣ漴һҲͲˣ⾮꣬û׼иʲôġʱѾ棬׼꣬˵ȵȵȰҸϡ 
˵ǽȥٿɡ˵Ҫ꣬ȴͻȻеһɾ磬ƺҲšءһֳִĹϮһұܵһףҡѾ֣֨֨ġطתӼôУӣҰ 
һɣȶסҡѣʹѾӽѹ棬һҵؿԡӽҲôС 
һ񣬸ղʲôôһ¹ûˣûйӣҲûˣȻһƬڰҿ϶ܸоѵҵĴôˣôȫ߶߶ģǼײβĶ 
һСĵעߵĶһѸٵҡʯţһʱҲĶֻʱǹҡϡ 
Ӵһһ߱Թӣ²ҿǲˣû˵ѱһӽʵʵسУһͷԵڵأ˼С 
ˣ˭˭үƹֳӴˣҸ첲ˡ 
Сģ˿һˣкһϽͳǹֵʯɨɨȥ 
磬ңС磬𣿡ӽŵؽš 
ôӣСǽƶ 
˺ӣҸ첲ˣӴ۰Ҫˡ 
ô˵֪ʵû£ϵĬԻˡ 
ϵ˵һ£ҹˣҹ˰ 
˵ȥҵȻܹȥҲԻˣڲ֪ֻȸ 
һһ㶯̲סӵλƶȥߵ̨ϵʱͻȻһСģʵҲĶˣҵϰߣ߶ʮһһ˵±һڵϣûüͷ͸оǸֳִĹӿͷϲ˹ȥҸϽǰһһ 
ھӿ÷ӵһԾ𣬶ǹҪȥҸϽһס𼱣󲻶Ծһ˵һˡӽǺҲźˡ 
ôˣ 
ҰڰǱ˵ˡ˵˵ͷһѣճʪģߩһ̯顣 




ʮ ˮ

       һӽ 㡭ɱһһէģ˿ĭʲôˣµľЩĶ 
ҲЩˣʲôھƺܴ󣬶Ҳ㣬ҲˣٶȻô죬ʲôأ 
үүû˵⾮ʲôʺӽ 
ӽҡҡͷûүү˵ 
и⡣˵ 
ҽŵעžڣ˵ӡ 
ţǡըҩ 
УûҷӽѾذӸˣըүү϶ͬģ 
Ҹ뿪ȴͻȻһˮ죬žͿһűˮòϣʱӾҪѸٵöࡣ 
ԼͬȥֵĹУˮѾɢһĨڵĶ¶ǶԲԲģֵȥ淺⡣޴Բͷ£ġ֡˿һ䶯ţȥȻһֻŵ㣡 
Ӵһʲô˵ꡰȰȡʼҲҵֱ̧ȥֻкӽֳڵء 
ۣצͻȻһһңֱȡҺӡзצǰתҡѵķȥצץţצһͬϮ˿Ҷ޿ɶ㣬ƳĶҲòˣצһһ£ĳǰλãĺȻҵ˫ȡûбİ취õķأ벻һеǰȥȴͻȻһѡղһֱĺӽ֮󣬳ص£ݺݵҵϣһȥҸмؿ˺ӽһۡûңָֻǰӡ 
һĹѾѱסҡѵĲǹ˳ʯšһ죬عˡźӽ˵ǽǣӼһֱģֻðڵϣȻȥϺǸ١ 
ѿ˺üǹǹӣӾ֮󣬳Ĵݶһ̽ӴȥӵȻŹǹһ·䣬мǹˣϾӴ󡣵ɷϣٶȷʵó棬Ǻңһ޴ɵ˲ƶ 
Ҵ֪㾹Ĺ򣬸û뵽⾮ᰵôһֻϵĹǽݣƽأѶԸý 
ӵӵòˣһ߷˿ǹٶȣһߴߴңѾɿһﲻͣط߱ڣǶ쿹סˣ 
һ߽ŵƶ׼һ߻ؾӣסͷĵȥɣСͬ־֯ʱ̵ˣʱͿǧԥӢۼϻסӢģ 
Ѿһӵ𰡣߽𣿸㣬ҿǷм֣洫գ 
ûɹѧǫʹ˽ģô˵ţöͣ 
ӣһˣһ̵ôԴͬ־ôҪС棬ûҸеů 
ӵĹһͣΧ趯ҹ˲ٺӶ죬רĵضŴ㣬׼һЧΪʵ߯˵㣬һǹ͵һӵ 
ʱûйӶŴ̵Щǳô˻ỻһС 
кһӣ˸ʯݵһȥ 
ӣǹвУн 
һбеҪ˵ǹ 
УһֱĺӽͻȻںУҺӶŪˡ 
ʲôУƵ 
ˣүүǰ˵һʲôĸа֧֣˵ָָǰ֧𣿡 
Һʵ̲סһеشЦ 
Сͬ־һ߽סЦһ߶϶϶˵㡭ķĸ𣿹Цˣû֣ү͹ĬˣһĬ 
ǱЦǱЦѽЦ˵ģ 
һ̲סЦͻȻһ󾢷ӭҼæˣͬʱ§е١һƬҫ۵ĻһǱˣѴճҺһ³ԿСʯϴӵӵûһ 
ѾռϷ磬˲ᣬֻʹʹ߿ȴ׷ 
úðӣӲɵ̾ 
ǣëϯô˵ţʮָһָҿϸ˼ҵĽ̵ 
ӴӴӴ䣬Сβ;ˣë˼һ˵ʹ𣿡 
λδǹ 
棡ͻȻһһҪӦѾˣֻеһɴصײڱϣұǰſȥѪӿɽһܡ 
̧Ҫǹȴӽ¶ϣǹݶӴһҲ٣͵һߣӵε֮󣬵Աصط˻ȥˡ˺üסΡ 
ſڵϣթİ취ȺĶȥ֮ٴӱ͵ϮǶȴһֱûг嵽ǰ档Ӻͺӽֵؿȴ֪󵽵˸ʲôֲһֻᱻشڵأʱ鵱ݡ 



ʮ ż

       Ӻͺӽŵվţƽǹӽһֵ磬һֽбڵϣʱ𡢻ӳֻΪſڵϣٴеӣʵڲж 磿ӽ̽Žһ 
磿ѵǸղǸˣѾһ𣿹ֲøղҲ 
˵ѽ磬𣿡ӽǰһ 
ȴ˵Ҳ֪ʲôҲ֪ʲôҼˣʹƣǰһ˼ұҶļһпͻȻѡ 
磡ӽͻȻһӵǰȥ˭Ҳû뵽ղմģھȻôϵĶһʧ̷Ծļһȥǰһֱûľλãһʧ׼ͷײĿϣҼÿ죬˳һס˫ȣӲذ⵹ڵءôһӽҲˣѹ˵ϣƿס˵ĸ첲ȴͻȻһӣСģǼ̴ٵǹ죬̫żǹûдУĹ˿δգۼӵұ඼սˣ˵ϹͬʱһӽԺ֮㿪Ķצ 
ҵûȣӽһƿȥУҪ磡 
һûͷ֪ʲô£ˣӽĶšҪʲôӦȴǾˡצһ̽ˣҪȥ 
Ӽ״ˡ̫ҲĿˣû˵ǰ˳ˣȴצӻû£ӵĴ̵Ѿϻ£һػצӾôնڵϣܻвд񾭣Ȼ뿪ĸ壬ȴأԳ鴤ֹ 
ŭδϢŴ̵һ·׷ɱѾʧǣȻᣬжԽԽٻûȦӴԴһǹݺݵضڵϡ 
һͻȻѾΣգЩŻôסһڳһӸ֣һֱ֮һƨ˵ϡ⣬ӲˣֻǸղʵ̫ţһֱýģϾûְֵֻĹ˽⣬Ҫǻͻ߶ǣôѾġ 
ջѾڵˣһģӽ˺ϵĺڲֵһգ˭ 
̲סʵô°ղŻģôȥˣ 
ءӽһ仰û˵Ϳ޵ϡ밲ο䣬ȴȻԴںϸܵͷȥ 
ʲôʲô𣿡 
үүүү 
˵ܲܰѻ˵˰סӵ 
ӽûһͷӦ˵Ǵͷγ룬ҺӶɵˡ 
⡭ǣѵԥŲȷ̫˼ˡ 
үүȻԶֶӽ˵ֿ 
ʲôʲôӣڱϿɽա 
Ѿʮȷˣ̫ˣ˵һֹϵаż˵ֻþŸ룬ȡһ˵꣬ƣʩߵԸ¡ 
żôû˵ȵȣղ˵Ÿ룿ⲻֻ𣿡 
˵ĺԣ̳ǰӦֵżˡһڹаҲֻż˵һΣû뵽ϻаĶ 
ô죿ж˻ôǲǾղҪɱǲŰݰ 
ҡҡͷҲ˵ϣҪӵöࡣĺӽļ򣬡СҲѹˣڵҪôܰﵽ㣿 
ӽ˼£ƽѾγˣүүӦѾ֪ˣ벻ףүүΪʲôҪô 
˵ΪʲôҪɱǣʡ 
ǣӽӿᣬүүΪʲôҪԶֶ⣬ᡭ˺İ˵Ĵոֹס 
˺˵żʲôʲôãСĵŴʾ䡣 
ţӽѹصͷѾȫʧҪоʱȫָҡҡӽ˵ȥˡ 
ȬҲº֢ҽĻ 
ӽӿ˸ʹ֮飬صص˵ͷ 
ô죿ûʲôȵİ취 
ûУûаءӽ޳ 
ҺӶһۣ϶Ҳ̫ݶˣԼӣôôصֱ֣硣 
źӽĺ󱳣һûгĺӡ 
վͣ߶ţֻоѹֵʲô·ͻһ 




ʮ ʧ

       ʯ˼ȦҾòɺʱ䣬Ȼӽ˵үүѾ֪ż¶ˣ϶ưոݣָֻʲôôء߻ȥ ûʲôĵط˵үү֪ģǵöһУ˵ز˾ 
ӽ˼ţһҡҡͷûˣ֪үү֪ 
ҲԾܼ֡ͻȻУӿˣˣ 
ʹסˣҿ˼ԲߵʱѾ¥档ʯ㣬ʱҾͿʯˣһֱûϡ˿кҷɿȥһ̨ǰְˡ 
أʲôˣ 
ٺ٣ӻͷһЦָǰҿģҸղԹˣ𣡡 
߹ȥһסˣⲻǺӽ˵Ǹаֵֻķĸ 
ҸϽֹӣˣӽأá 
ʲôòõģүүˣҸ㣬û׼޵أǰڶ˵ˣεˣ˵ĹשûñҲҲˣܲܰһ˰ɣôԶģôѳѸ˰ 
Ǿа˵ 
ӣɲϹְүͲˣСӾԸæӴˮһջǺˮ㲻Ǻ𣿡 
Ҵһȭˣһ仰ô໰ 
ҡͷԵؽȥ񡣡⵽ʲô񰡣 
ǡҶһʤĸû㿴ͷҶڣ˱ۣұߵһ֧һСжҪ־ 
ⱦЩͷɣ 
ͷҿɿֵӦͷ֮ϡ 
ʲôͷգ 
ŶҾǱȽһ¡ӻ֪ҶŪͷա 
ʲôõģ϶ô﹩ʤĸأ 
ʵúãӣʤĸǳ֮һ϶û׼ҲϹ 
ϣЦ˵һϺ˶˰ϴθ˵ģ϶ҲѰ֮ǰѰ󲻵ʬɡ 
ԣؿһۣʲôʲôɣȫƮĲʵʵĶ˼벻ķ⽨ǵšС֣뵽һڣҺο 
װһ߸ϵĳҶʲôСֵģҲ룬ʲôүģ 
Уʲôһתҽ˵Ǿͱˡ 
ΪʲôãһöˣɳģʵʵģҲ÷ͷз⽨ŻҲΪŰ𣿲˵ӣɲߡ 
ô˵أ̫ˣ˵Ҳжǻôжöںͷأ̫Ĺʲôûа 
⻰εңҲҵ̫Ĺȥһ治ֹ̬ȡ 
촽Сͬ־˼еͷôܶԳǰ;ʧȥأ 
˰ɣһѣøȥæͱҡ 
٣һƶ䣬һ뵽ӽտԲѵĶ磬Ҷ˵ȥˣŪͱŪˡ 
ֻ񣬶ҵĻţָûȤֻڨڨȥˡ 
ӽѾǽߣĺǽϣιЩˮ󲿷ֶϣǰʪһƬ 
˸취㿴вУȵӽעתƹҽ˵Ȼүүʩż㻹ǰȥүүҲʲô취Ҳ˵㡭ȣڼҲԵõԺһЩչˣ㿴ʲôûС 
ӽ̫ʹʲôŶûˣô˵꣬ͷҰϣҺ㵽ڣڵϹģٳʲô¶ 
ӽ˼лл㣬ĺ硣 
ô˵㲻ҲͦչǵܰϵСæҺܸˡ 
˵Ϻӣ˼ûлӦСӲǲĵġ 
һȥ 
ҷɿȥӣӣ˼ǸûӡСת˼Ȧӵıڵϣղõ̽צͭӶǰԶȴˡ 




ʮ 

       ĪͻȻʧһӽСϸȥŹκһϸ΢ĵطҰ˼ǣܹôƴطӻôҲأ ѵѾˣ 
һ뵽ֿҾ͸о亹Ƥôأôˣô˵ûûˣһкûзûдҪ뿪ĻҲֻ˳¥£ֻҪ£Һͺӽܿģһ򲽽ǶûпҲܻ㶯޿ϢؾʹƤȥ 
ǵô£ 
ô̵ʱ䣬ôСĵطôĻˡô˵ûûˣôأصش˴Դ󲻻ô򵥣һʱʵҲͷҲȻڵϡ 
һлء֮ĶӽҲ˵ӵ˶֪ˣû׼ȫս״̬ƲܵĵطҲǡǡͲǵˡ 
뵽ٲԥóӰĵɽ䣬ʼϸϸʯô 
˺ܳʱ䣬ȥпյ֮⣨ֻа׶ߣǲܲ˵ģʯÿһûյĻԽҵԽõҼˡ 
ͻȻһŲ֪һǺӽȲԼˡ 
ĺ磬Ҷˡ˵쵽ɫԡôˣӴأ 
ҿһۣεҡҡͷˣҶұˣûҵ 
ˣʲô˵ףӽҲһŵӡ 
֪ʲôҲ֪Ҹеˡ 
ܣӽһܲģϸң 
εؿźӽӿһ˵ζ 
ӽûҵķӦԹԵʯȥϧһ֮ͨ󣬽Ȼͬһ 
ʱҵ˵ľɥҲΣգˣһ޹ֻõΣգ׵ʧ 
ܣ̣ 
뵽񣬿ŻѰҲݵĺӽûʲô֮ڣ 
ӽתʧؿңֺûڿңնĴҲܴǰôܲأСʹڽǸĵطʱ飿 
Ҳֻ֪ӽĵ˵ֻںСʱһΣҲûˡ 
үү㻹ǲǵõʱΣûʲôرġûġֵĶǿ˺漸ʡ 
ӽͷ룬ҡҡͷҲǵˡˣҶ磬ҶҲʱġ 
ôһһէģһΪʲôһ󼤶ϧǰ׼ 
ĬһҵЩ𣿡 
ǡӽָ֮ɫ 
㻹ȥչ 
ô죿Ӵأ 
Ҳȥ 
Ҳȥӽؿңô˵˼ 
ʵ˴㡣ղҲӣȷʵЩţڲ侲ˡȻﲻģҺͺӽûпȥҾֻ򵥵ӻ棬Ǿ棬ǰǻأ϶ʯҴǽȥ棬ûзְҲûзֻأΨһֻܽһط 
 
ˣǾȻҲǲȷȥҲֻһطˣֻγû뵽Ǳˮص豸һûУҪǱˮϣˮҪ̫źá 
Ұ뷨ӽ˵ˣû뵽صͷ⵹еҵϡҲ˲ϸˣͲԥֻҹζࡣ 
кӽȥ 
绹ǰǽϣ˫Ŀգȥһʱ᲻תҲ̾˿ʲôʹүүƺضżа֮أ 
ӽû磬˾ԣԶҵĺ磬׼𣿡 
ҽıֽϵӣȻֵ磬صͷˡ 
ӽ˫ץӣһŵھϣʾҲ׼ˡ 
ԼСĵ㣡˵Ҹмؿ˺ӽһۣ˲Ͽһۣ˰æֻим 
ҲСģӽ˵֮Сš 
صͷסأӵȥ 
⾮ֱֻһ׶㣬濴ƺͦ󣬿һپѹޱȣһһıÿһľڣ͡ 
ΪǰѾͨģ֮ǰӽ˵ˣһҪ·ţһϴֵ磬Ҫֹͣ 
ӽ⾮һ̿ʼҾһֱžڣһСĴκһɹõӽҲܺãʼնǻƽȵطţ㹻ʱ۲ܵľڡ 
⾮ȻЩͷˣһϸܵīɫ̦ģȥ֣ȴֱճģоܶġղŵ㣬ҲΪͷãǼһﳤڳûŪЩĵ̦Ҳδ֪ 
뵽һ֪⾮ﻹûֹ߻бĹϾ⾮ȷʵͷ̣ҵľֵطǺйġΪģΪʱ̫ʲôǺƽģΪǻʱ̫ˣĪس 
ֺܿƷԼ뷨ʲô⾮겻⣬û㹻ʳŹ֡ 
ȵȣ㲻Ǿûж𣿶ˣôûжأ֪ɸꡢʲôĲһǵϵͳҲǿʱ䲻ʳǿ϶ǻġ 
Ϊʲôȴûжѵ⾮ʲôʳ 
ܡУ쳤վҲԹˡٲ⾮ͨűĵطĳʲôģ⵹Ǻпܡ 
һ뵽һܣǰ溫ӽ˵үүһЩ쳣ľٶҲܴǾιȻÿ죬ǲʱġιܾܿʽһ֣һ˺ӽյʯݿʱĳѰķӦаצ㣬͹ͬаֵ֧ʤĸɺϡ 
뵽ҾЩӽǸϵˣǺܿϧҲֻǽӽѡ 
ӻȵطţֵҺȻһͻ𣬱иͻ߰ҲǺƽ飬رע⣬ͻķĽǵģ˹ƷҸϽϻֵ磬Ҫͣúоо 
û뵽ǣ׹ͷȴȻҰһģһͦסڣһ߳󺰣ȴô̫ӽҲûҳϵɡǿӲİ취ͣͻȻʧˣһݵ֮ͣұ㼱ȥ 




ʮ ڶż

       һٶȵҪɡû𵽰ôıҲزžڣɶֹ߼½ơ룬ӵʱ䣬ұصصˮ ͨ 
ֻˮǰһһ̱ݹǵľˮ͸ˣֽ˼£һľĸо 
֪淢ʲôӽôͻȻֲأγˮ濴ָܿ첻ˮһ˲䣬Ҿһֱ³ʵ̫ˣ˼ȴͽ޹֪ԥˣϲ²µģҪһҧ͵ȥ 
ˮʵ̫ˣһֱҹ۾һƬڰʲô֪⾮жԽˮԽݿʼ´ܣҪҿﲻסˣǻںС֫ȴӲȻһƴֽżѾʹˣֻʣһͷ 
ţͷûˣһжģģʵģȴȻ޵׶һ㡣 
Ҳϵ³³дһ˿ʶӣˡ 
 
֪˶ãڻ˹ 
һӱߣˮȴʲôҪȫۣΪԼѾˡ 
ӵ˻ϵıϵӶѾˣҪϻһƱѱˮò֪ȥ 
̲סһЦҪҲʡˡȻүûңǿһü 
˿ʯͷ򿪱óӵֵ֧磬Ѿһ֧ˡҵ㶫ԣȴԼ͵ղŵ˲ٵľˮ 
ֵĵطȥŷԭһ޴棬ʵҲܽΪʵ̫̫ˣڱϵӣƿ߰ףˮƽȣˮ 
ʲôطӦǴǸģǾͨӣôأҳ·Ӧòѣ˳ź£϶гڣҵĵĵȻֻһʱŪʲôطѵɹ̫ĹҲе̫˰ɡ 
ʰöźȥΪʲôŹ֣ҲӦη򣬾ûеεġ 
յĹȻԶͷֵճȥ谭ȻҲȷʵղ˺Զܳˮûκ 
һҸо˱խļǰߣȻʯݡʼʱʯݻֲܴڣԽ߱Խϼʮ֮ٲȻߵ͡խǳˡ 
дϲҶԵطˣӲԹˡһ뵽ֲôʱˣӵһ㶼ûз֡ 
żұ̼ӿ˽Ų 
֪һ˶ټʯݣӺˣΪǰʯͻȻ䶸ֱֱµģղŵƽͬȻͷڼҲôֽ࣬Ųȥһ̵Ĺ򣬲ֵĹؿ˶ˡϢִȥ 
ҸоǸƽ̨ߴһȥȴɵۣƽ̨Ҳ޴ֻһխСĶڣվŵĵطûУ 
ε̾Ĺ˲ǷӾ񾭲ôưģȴͻȻ˸̣ŪôСĶڳ治֪Ѿôġ 
ڣգǺӡһ߷޷޵ţһ˼ӣͷ 
ͬɣóɽãʱǿյġ 
ڱʵûʲôأֻѧѧӣӲϹˡֻⶴʵ̫СɽЩղֻܽȥ 
ȫʯͷǰǸʯݲ࣬˵Ҫҿף֪Ϊʲôֻ˼£ѾԵظоʯͷɶԣȷʵɶˣҲﱾһţʯͷܱ֮ʲôΣҲôˣƿҾƿ 
í˫صʯϣһ 
һʯ浹ȥҳһ˼ڣȲشֵ̽ͷֻһµʯݣҪϸʱͻȻһ󾢷 
һæͷءһǰʯϣĳ˶Ļǡ 
ӽ 
Ҵһ˫־𱳰סӲشӶＷ˳֮ԸðռΪΪӽͻȻܳһʱӦųϳӦþûˡȫû뵽ڵĺѾһż 
ӽֹס˺˵ĽŲ۽ҡҲûңҲȷڵĺӽȥĿͣͫ׷Ŵ󣬾Ȼһ㡣˵ĸоǿ㣬ֺû㡣 
ǹ쵽˼㣡 
һԱƶŽŲһ˼Բߡ֪ӽĺϴ˿̿϶Ҳ룬ֻҪγǾܽܵĿơôһƱֻһ˲ͻ᲻ʡ£ҪܳʱȬҲǺ󻰣ǰܹ˳ס̫ˣӽҿ̹й֮޲ż¸þˡ 
һ벻ˣǸϲүү׳ԴʲôҩôܶŮصĺ֣ 
Ҷ룬һݵĶ֮󣬺ӽٴλҹҵͷȥѾΪشȺȦ˵ҲôһʱĹʲôõİ취 
ӽٶҲǿ켫ԭΪż϶ҿõһ㣬û뵽ӽķӦûбӿˡҸԣӽβͬʱһɾұϮ 
ҽһù˫һţھϳһ£ǿ˾Ķ档ͬʱһصĽʯཻ֮ԳĻ˼ںڰʯ￴⺧ˡ 
˵ǰŸ£ӽѸײڶٶɨ˹ 
㶼ˣæҲֻӲӲɽӭȥһһɴҵĸ첲ˣ۵ģʵסɽַɳ 
ҼƲϽתʯȥﺫӽʩչҲһһʤ㡣һ˾ңǰڵϵıҽʵʵذ˸ſۿʯͽǰˣζûĺӽٴιҲҽһӣ 




ʮ ӳ

       ӽЮŷƣұϮֵס׼۾ȴǰʯȻһ˵絯ٶ֮죬 ﲻ֪õʲôӲǺͺӽ˸ţһȥָܣƾһ죬֪޴󵽼㣬͵㣬еһ֮»ѳֵסҲˡ 
ӽҲԾСһŻ˫հ᲻ȴֱֱǰͱȥ·õһһ 
ǰ˷ӦҲһؿ죬ܿٵоḻֻ΢΢һеıȥͬʱⲿӽҼա 
һСıûгڣӽѵͷջŵֳŵһ󷭣׿⡣ 
ٺ٣ӣ˷ܵ˵ 
ղһ˭Σоңϳˡ 
ñӴԭû°һΪһҲǸץءˣأ 
ñӻûشңѾ½˴ʯ˳ҴԵؿһ£ҺӣȻһҲû٣ 
ĺ磡 
ԪؽһҿһۣϽӵ⸱ʵ̫Ǳˡ 
ҿǸͬԵĺԨмضҡ˵ʵҺջ϶ƲңôһŮӴͲ֪ڵ 
Ҳ˲϶˵ͬñһļ˸Գ˼һΧȥ 
żǱ˺ȹң 
ץʱ˵ǲ߶ʮһͳȥҪ˺ӽʵڹⲻȥ 
ʵǶˣǸûӲ˼ҿǽľٶŷñҲǸˡ 
ʱӽЩˣһָһָң岻ˡÿһΧ˾ͱƽһ廨ţеһеһѽ䵶еʲôûãֿȭ˫צ״ 
ⶼЩʲôˣʱñʹ˸ɫȳȥͺӽһȴеӡ 
ѺӽҲãҪӲĻ˭Ҳܱ֤һ˲ 
ñһСҿףȻп죬в뺫ӽҪƺϲδʹ϶ͼڽסӽעӶΪ˵Ľᡣ 
ȻӽӦ䲻Ƶú˼ʱΧĸѾվλãԣ׳ӣס˱мһĸ˳ʱתʱתһӽ㱻׵黨һҲܶˡ 
ϵһϸضźӽ̧ͷԪ溣񰡣磬˵û 
ȿȣñӿģ 
ԭñպȻӽһգ֪ûʲôϵղʾǸĵĲҪ˵ֲ֪ʲôҪңôղžңڻңʲô·ǲ֪أһôԶһôĪģ 
ĺһѾѺӽ˹ʱӽָһʲôӦûУʧȥ֪һñһ߹۲Ժһ߶ҵĺֵܣû°ɣ 
Ŷû£߹ȥղллˣ 
ţôһӦġ 
ߣ˵úȻңǷһ飬ʼղҵɶˣһҾ޷ܣ 
ҺȻӣͻȻʧ֪ñӻ᲻ʲô 
磬𣿡 
ûаһô𣿡 
ѹصͷǽϣʯƾվʧˡ 
Ŷñüͷ˼ӡҸȻûҵӣҳȥתһȦȻֻصʯݣҲ˾ù졣 
̾˿תʵ磬ôܳȥģ 
ҿһֱûףȻҲñӹݺǣǲΪʲôҺӶ˼ҵĵȴܹˣȫˡ 
ñ̾˿ͣһŽŵ˵ҸʵĻٸ˵ɣֻҪûҹݺǵľͺá 
ᣬæڰ֣ȻˣҲܾˡ 
ǺǡñӸЦоһ˿ɬˣȲ˵ЩˣϣԺл͡ղ˵ż 
ǡ˵Ǳ߻һָָȻ󲦿ӽͷںϣ¶ϸϸ롣 
֪ôż𣿡 
⡭ƵǺƣԺҲԪˣʮµĺòˡʵʵ˵ 
֪ 
ñô˵ҳһæʣ֪ 
ñӵͷһУǺǣѧˡ˵겢ẫӽϵ룬뻳ͳһĺӴ򿪣һסˣȻžŸ룡 
żʵһԭܼ򵥣żꡣҪżҪ֮ϵľŴѨλϷֱ룬̼ڵѪҺѭҲǼڵĹżϵȻͶˡñӹȻҽһ߽һҷźӽ룬ֱںӽޡġǰСͽϸز22212һŸ룬˵ʲô̫СӿȪȵѨλжʵڹ죬˵Ҳ죬һʱȫס 
Ҫһû֮ǰǧܰϵóȻʱٶһҪ죬ѨһҪ׼ס𣿡 
Ҳ˼ЦЦӲŶͷϵĺ飬Ҫ˵ǼסˣҲѨʲôã 
ñҵļ򣬡ż˵кңɣץʱԵ㶫 
磬ҵĹ˰ɣ̽һ䡣 
ţñӻͷһۣǰɡ 
⻰ʲô˼ʲôǰɣ 
ĺֵ㲻öʣԱһȥ 
һȥҸԻˣ˵Ĺ棿 
Ͳ˼Цˣ˵Ҳöʡ 
ҶչԷ˭Ҳûж˵µӡȻкܶʣڵΣһǱĺá 
˷ʱҲ˲ˡñߵӽϣƤ˿ȻѸٵذγ˺ϵ룬űסУһӽˡ 
ôҹȥסļоһ㡣 
ӽ廹ǷǳӲתȫʶҵӡ 
̧ͷñӣñ˵һͺˡ 
硣ĺԨͻȻ˹ñӽеһߣֹС˵ʲô 
ĺ磬Ԫ˸չ˵ŮĸҺ񣿡 
ҿȻ²ʡĺӽٿɻԪ溣ص˵ͷǾһģӿ̳ġ 




ڶʮ ²

       Ԫ£۷Ź⣬Ҫϸʣñȴ˹Ԫ溻Ǻ壬Сһ٣㬵߿ˡ ĺֵܣñߵҽǰղҸԨֵһ£Щҵø˵˵ 
һãҲø˵˵ˡɫʲô£ 
ñӵʵǡѾҵ꣬ȴǲŶ룬ʮÿζ֪ΪʲôϼȦǻĪƳ 
ȻѾҵˣֻô᲻ŶأЩ˲ôðɣﰵơ 
ֻñӼ˵Ҳ⣬ȷʵع棬Ǵһжȥʱ򣬳ǰĻһЩݺύתתȥתˡ 
ҲЩԾжѾˣȻǽȥĹȷʵ򵥡ΪжɲһĵһǸ򲻳ģҪ鼫ϵҲ˿ƫϸҪϸλһббĵúõش򵽵عλϣƫУһϸж 
ʵ˵иԹ 
ñӵͷڵعΧһ޴ԹǴĸλʼնƲȥ 
ôأԹôܽڵع棿 
ñ̯̯֣˼㿴ʵ 
룬ԹʲôΣֻһһ 
顣ǵģֻһһǽȥʮΣÿĶͬее̳еһЩѳ֮ڣҲֻѣȫտҲ 
⵹Щˣ˵ҪһԹĻƺûҪ潨ôķѾ޴ȴʵĹ̡Ҫ˵ֻһԹΪʲôЩֶǿյģ 
ñ˵ҪӦָĻ顣 
ñӿ˼ؿң뵽ʲô𣿡 
ҡҡͷ㿴أ 
û뵽ñҲҡҡͷ˵ãҪ룬Ȼ˵ָָڻԵĺӽ˵ʱҲջ񡣡 
УҶȻܾҵȻñӵ˼˵ʣ˼뵽ǰе磬׼ʹʲôֶ 
ĺֵܲҪᣬҵ˼ 
ԭ˵ô˼ҸϽ˵ʵʹģյʯݵʱҾʹʲô֪ 
ܣñһӷҵ˵ʲô֪ 
ҿñӣôͻȻô϶˼ƽʱȫһ 
ô֪һ֪ƭҵģ 
ȿȣñƽһҲǸ˼˵Ӧ֪ģΪΪ 
ñû˵ȥȴҵĻɣȻǵһοӽ֪ԶҪࡣУղźһǸˣñӻĵˣ˵һʲô񡱣˵ľԪ溺ͺӽ˼Ҳԣûӽ֮ǰû֮ǰѾ֪ôˡ 
ңһʼҾͺ֣ΪʲôԪһΪʲôı£ĻӦûʲôŶԡ 
ҽñӵĻΪʲô绹ʵ棬ϾйͬĿꡣ 
ȻñԴɬЦЦҴûвĺֵܵԼ˵˼ֻ˵ʵڲǽЩʱ򣬵Ժлᣬһظô 
գôһסôһŪһǲ֪˵ʲôˣǷⲻˬôÿʵҪһЩ飬ǻó˵ʣʲô˵ʲôԺͣ˼ 
ñӼҲ˵Ҳµʲôҵļʾο 
ʵڲˣӣ˭Ҳܲˡ 
˵Ԫ溺ͺӽʲôϵΪʲôԪ溵 
һγʱĳĬñӵͷҲͻȻ˿һͷ棬װµӡ 
Ϊʲô 
ô˺Ƥˣ޹˼ɣǶװûҾͰѸղŵһ顣һû˵ͻȻˡȿȡӽˡ 
ҷԴɣһӡ 
ñ˸̨ףϽ 
ҽӹݹˮιӽ˼ڡһӽɫ˺ܶ࣬ҲƺЩˣȴһ仰˵ 
ñӿһۣʶȤߵһߡ 
û뵽ӽһ仰˵ͻȻ֮䣬ҷʵҲûʲô˵ģοôûҪԴ˫һֱסϥǣҪԼƵġóһʹ࣬ԼүүĶ֣˭ܺأ 
Ҳ˵㺫ӽš 
ɫ֪µһֿʼˡ 




ڶʮһ 

       ԺأҸоңҼԸ۾Ƥ̲סͣ ĺֵܣǸˡñӶұϣһ֣صؿҡ 
ʹλԴִ˴ǿһЩ 
ߣȥ˵ĻԼһֿɬҪƵġ 
һ£ôȥ 
а취𣿡һ˵һ߿˿ֱģҸ˯˲һСʱֲôܡĻѾһʱûкúϢˡ 
ñóˮңҺڣֵһЩҵϴϴѹ 
ӽڵϣ˯úܰȵӣ˲Ľ 
ñվĿ¶ѯʵĹâ֪Һӽ˵Щʲôʲôû˵ 
ñҲ̫ҵ̬ǰƺ󹧣˲ɵö֮顣 
εذ˰֣û뵽ñӵܴ󷽵һЦҵļ 
ĺֵʲôǴǣñһش⣬Һôң 
òܹǣȻΪûжΪ׸ֻܾúĳΣĵؿǣһܲȫǾôȥƺҲ׵ǵүүǸȻ˵ĺ֣Ҫȥָֻʲô⡣ 
ȥûһʵҲֻõȺӽԼˡ 
ñӿҵ˼Ҳٶʣȥкʰ 
ҡѺӽιЩˮҹϢѾָ൱ڶйʲôżŮ治һĺáͲˣȻԲѡⶼңҪ߶ʮһȰȥԺ룬Ҳڰӡ 
Ȼ֪Ҳ޼£̲ס̾˿ 
ôĺ磿ӽˮǹ֮顣 
ûлشҾʵûа취˵ 
Ҫˣ㡭ô죿ǻȥǡǣ˵⼸仰ʱ鼫临ӣ˵ǣֺ¸ǷԸΣա 
ӽıñĮŤͷ˼ضǰʲô 
Ҳٻȥˣ͵ǣ͵ǡҲТɣҪȻҺͶ綼ôص֣Ĺﵽʲô 
仰һ 
ӽԼ촽ҧò԰ףѹͷߺ޿֪ЩԼˣʲôƨôᷢЩأ죬ǶôöôһǶ죬һЩɲֻһ죬£ִҲʵ̫ˡҪͻȻʧ٣ʲôҪˣôһ֮ 
ʱӽѾָǰӣӵߵϴؿš 
ҿҶ׼ˣҲϽԼĶʰӵıĶӵһ֣õĶŵҵıõһֱֵ˲ݵʱﲻӿһѹ 
ñӼ˶װһǰƣ㵱¥мʯȥ 
ֵܺԪ溡Һͺӽм䣬ҪԼŶ磬ֻ棬ӦĺԨĴ 
ⶴһһ˳ȥָֿҺȻҾǴﷵصʯݵģʱҰ˼⣬ΪʲôӾȥĪػصʯݡñ˵֪ܿҲǸԹһڡ 
ֻҲףһ·ûзֻĶڣñһǴģ 
һ˻ţѾֱֱµʯݣźȥ 
ˣźߵģεûпһڶӦˡ 
ʯݣһ˼ǰһָֿ˻½¶ȣʲô仯һɹյı־ﶼûС 
˺ܳʱ䣬ñȻǰǡʣñͻȻһˣ 
ҺͺӽߵǰȻһԲεĶڣںĶһʯͻ档 
۰ɣұɣӽͷ󺹵ӣұҪֽӹϵĶ硣 
òãӽ֣ñͻȻǰ˵ģȥ 
ĴӦһһѳӽϵĶ磬֮һ 
κӽûмֻ֣ĵĺš 
ʯǰʯҪЩһ̵Ĺŵͷ˸մһֱǰñ̾˿ 
ʲôñ̾˿ɥصϴνĲط 
һĺԨӺ߹ֵܣǽˣֹܲһ 
Ȼñӵ˿̵ıһѿ֮ǰһҴⲻΪһ裬ñϽ˵޹⡣ 
˵֪͸ģȷԼ·֮˵һ䣬˼λǳȥɡ 
Ҷû˵ʲôҪӱǰӳȥȴͻȻϮһ 
һ˶ԾСĺԨӦ죬һ𱳰ȥȴͳײڵءñӣͻȻס˫һ塰ڡһ£ᣬҲصص˵ϡ 
һ֮һ˼ӽһ߹߬Ź 
ҺĺԨñӶûˣڵ̴򼸸ͬһʱ䣬ѾС 
Ȼһ˶࣬Ҳô¡Ϣֵɨǰɨ˼ȴʲôûз֣Щ 
϶ǹñкһ 
ҿһʱŪ飬ʹ˼ӽ˶ڡȻǹŵעܡ 
ϺСģĺԨͻȻһñ͵ǰһԾߵ϶ҲϽֿߡʱҲſһ޴߰ͦأٶñϮȥ 
ñȻǰԾ˼׵ľ룬δߵĹΧתҲͬʱֱţӴӾ޿³ƺѾñӵıͷ 
ߵٶȿó棬һмգۼ䷢ģ˵ôûǹԿǹҲûһܷӦù 
ۿߵѪھҪ̵ñӵԴñȴֱֱȥĽ䵶ֱǰһ󿪳Ƹǹ죬ղŻ׺쳣ĲƾҲûصˤ˵ϣһغˡ 
˾δ˿ 
мҸԾղŵǹ죬ڶǹҿģһǹĺԨɴ˿ɼ˵ķӦж졣Ȼñӣ߽ܶȥҲַӦǱˣȻ֪ǰǸʲôģǸɫ 
һ£һͬⲻ˻ȥǰĶʲôûھȻߣҲЩͬû׼ˡҪǰñȴͻȻ˳ӣʲôô 




ڶʮ Ӻͭ

       ñһ˵ҲͻȻóζ˱ǣȺһСġعߵӽϣ˲ݣŨŨĳζȻ˲ݷġ ñһ䱸һ߲ʵôˣ 
Σգֺһͬʱ˲ݿԤΣյ򵥽һ飬ôô˲ȷд˹ܣҪΪſڿӣҪ˼ȫû뵽ҽɷн£Ҳ÷ǳ棬ȴոøˣһʱΣ 
ñӺĺԨ߶Ⱦ裬ҽһûʲôñĺԨҴͷ󣡡 
ĺԨ˵ͷһּǰ 
˸ղŵʯʵһ񷶥һڣֻûһװΣֵչȫһɫĺʯ˸оޱȵѹ֡ 
񷶥ǰȥھԶγһһ׵ʯͨǰͿˣһƬ 
ȻǳţȽ򶨣Ͼ˶࣬ټϴҵװҲ൱ñӺĺԨǼˣȫһˮAKϵгǹ֪ô㵽ģȺһ·Ҫ㣬ǵЩкܶ඼Ѿ˲Ūģ֪ߵʲô·ӡ 
Ҳ֣װӦøеȫŶԣǲ֪Ϊʲôҵİȫвûõ෴ĵǵǿˡ 
ñǰ˸ͣƣܿ˸ǰơ 
ԣ˲һǰȻһʯš 
ñӵԴӽһģʯţ˶ϲɫ 
ĺԨߵǰ棬˿ñһϸϸشʯš 
Ҵڱ쵼λҲֵУÿںӽ˵˵û뵽ӽʯźܸȤһ֮󣬱Ҳߵǰȥ 
ʯźܸߴ󣬷Ϊȣʯƽ⻬ȻϸµĴĥȻҲǺɫʯͷǰʯϵʯͷͬﲻͬȴ˵ 
ûϢñӶĺԨ˵ 
ĺԨšһָñһʯţʯ˿ 
ҿǱ󹦷ˣֱըҩɣñ˵꣬̿ʼ׼ըҩʣµкһ㶼ԶԶ˿ȥ 
Ҹӽںߣûע⣬ҸС˵һ䣬Сһ㣡 
ΪͻȻ˵ôһĪĻӽܻ᲻⣬ȴƺܿˣͷ֪ 
ʱñӺĺԨѾװըҩɿܹž䡱һٻȥʱʯһѾըˡ 
ըһȶըм䣬ʲôصĻҲѰΣս͡ñӸɻ˷ġ 
ȴûʲôأɳ׮ʯǧբʲôûСɴҲƶϣಿλʵԶ 
û뵽ǣ棬һǲɳһ 
˵ǰжϣصĲصģҲֲ֮һ 
һ㲻ҳΪûбеˡ 
ȥ⹬һô󣬶ҲǰֺɫʯͷҲǰӾԱ̫ǿһΪ֮˲١ 
ߵǽϣκ͸񣬲ڹߵĹϵֻ̫ԼЩ⣬εģһ죬һ߶ȣ̽һյͭƵĳơ 
м䣬һεİݣңͭҴԵعһ£Ŀ²¼ٸ֮ࡣ 
ȻҲûȫۺϿЩ˵ĸоȴݳ޻һ޷ݵ֮СҲ͸͸Ǹʲôõģ󲢲ģ¶̫ǰĹҪģǰĹô£ 
ñѿ࣬ͷкһ㵱ȥȻعͷʹӣЦŶҵ˰ɣ 
˵ҵˣҲʹȷʵûгζҵͷвòֻһʺţ˲ʲôʱ򲻳ģΪʲôǰҪԵ޹ʵĵֲˣ 
ͷˡñѾߵ棬ҲŴҲһȥȻΧȽϹ㣬Ͼû侳оУУҶǸߴ͵ͭ˲ɵ΢뾴η֮С 
ַһ⣬ЩͭͲĳƺҲ佫һЩֳִ󵶻ꪵ 
ñӺĺԨȻҲ⡣ñӵĺֵܣô 
֪ñӲңԨǻͷһۣΣ϶γģôγأ 
ҲЩƣ˵᲻սսйϵ 
⻰ĺԨûףҲϡͿսйϵʲô˼ 
ĺԨֵ˼˵ 
ñӽŵսγܶʤ٣̫᲻ŪЩʾɳǿ󣿡 
ֿܣ˶٣ĺԨŽŵǲǣٺ٣ȴǸÿ֤ˡ 
ñεЦЦĺԨ˼ԣڹ޹ؽҪĶ˷ʱ; 
ǸϽ߰ɣñӳ֣˵Ҳܱͬͬ⣬AKǰȥ 
 




ڶʮ Ӻͭ

       ĺԨҲԼղ˵Щ֣˵Ļһգû뵽ñ˵߾ߣȵĻᶼĺԨ̾˿߼ñӣȻʱԭߵͭͻȻһˢˢǰƶһͬһʱȻ׹ һ仯ǿ켫Ҳس˵ϣ֪״ʲôءںļ˽벻ܵһ˱ѳվñӺĺԨҪȴζˣһصͭ˵Ϳ̶̵ľ֮ڣشźķ 
ñӺĺԨ˫˫عһһңͬʱAK񵲣ֻҫ۵ĻǡȻϵСӲһ˶ʹ졣õĶǻʵһҪǻľͷģǱϲɡ 
һñӺĺԨҲϵ鷢ˣղŻֹĵڶͻȻһһǰƶž¿ڿһϵü޷졣 
ʱҲע⵽Ҹţÿ֮䶼ǴλеģҲ˵Žŵյһ𣬱ͨϵλãֻҪͨһ޿ӡ 
˭Ҳû뵽ĪĵطԭôĻأںȻ˭ﲻæǹʱȫ˷ 
ñӺĺԨֶ˵ڶĽȻжٶȳȥ˷һȥĽҲһѾţֻҪٵţӦþͲˡڵŽͬʱһȴ˻ԭλ 
ں棬һб仯ȻñӺĺԨȻվ˱ϾϽӦҲڵҪȥȻÿ˶ǿмܣʱһ¾͵ûˣҲˡ 
ҪҵڣȻñӺĺԨˡǼ˻࿴˿˭һֶûа취 
ô̶̵ʱչ˵ڶֽ֧ҵм˶ǿܹеAKѾӶĵĿ±ˡ˵ս鶼쳣ḻֻһ߸һԷȥǰ˲ţÿֻҪӦһߵͺˡƶȻ̫С˻Ǿ޿ܵģʼն޷վ 
ڽڶţţһţȵȣڶڿñӺĺԨ˵ϷԶû 
ҸϽʱϵûп˺ӽ̫϶֮⣬˶˵û 
һ룬Ҿܿ϶ȷʵûҲԥ̶ñӺĺԨ˳ҺŤͷϷȥһŲ㣬ĽѸٶƵʵڷֲóѾھƶˡ 
һ磬磬Ȼ˱ڹ껹ʱ䳤ˣǿ١ 
ȻڰȫĵطȴǻżͽšңȻûصڲϣ˭ұ֤һǣ˻·͸Զˡ 
ȥһ׵ľ룬ȴƶ˶ʮӲֹ 
ҲȷʵѹǣĽʵ̫ܼÿһó棬Ҫǻң˵ƶһҲֲ֧ڡ 
Ѿϣ׼һյһϡ˷ֱסһͭ漴Ϲȥּסһѿͭһͦļ϶Ȼֵͭһϵжȫ˵ıǰѼ˺ܳʱ䣬һαʵ˵ܶѵ˼ޡ 
ͭһӶͣʱ˾סˡ 
ǻʲôûȴͻȻͣҲŪĪ 
ҪɿǸһֱȴͻȻػӵ£һ仯ʼδģȫһ˵ 
ӵĶе֮ǸͲͭ 
ñѽƣȻܷӦùֽԲ̫ʹˣû˿AKҲվٵһ룬ԷͭӭۿñӵԴҪ룬վǱϹۿԪҲ̲סˣһļУ 
ļкܿ챻һ߿ĻǹûˣĺԨƽAKһĻAKԼεǹп30ӵһ⣬ñǰϡȻһͭûˣAKǿĳӲ˼ס 
һˣһæǹAKһһԶ̽֯һǿĻһʱ䣬ǹӵн˳ƵĺصԼ˵ϵһټǹڵĻ⣬ӵҷ⣬Ũص̵ζ̼Ӫһּҵս棬ʹƽȻҲ̼˵ɱ¾ԭʼҰԡ 
ñӵļֵܸǵˣһһǰߣ߶߱˵Ҷÿ¡ 
ȻߵĻң˳˱ˣ㲻⣬ƺδˡϵͭ׹Ȼ˵ãôǿĻȻܴ򴩡ֻ˼ģһתһȺͻһʧ˺ڰС 
ñӵļֵҪ׷ȥñӰ˰֣ĺԨҲһ޾ʵӣȻղһսȷʵͬСɡ 
˼Ҳˣ㶼ǰȥ˲ˣֻǵĻڶѾˣһѪ˿Ԫ溸Ͻó˰ 
ĺԨصҪСģһ 
żղһʣһ 
һǹ̰ʣµһΧм䡣ϴǸǹĽѵҲΧ̫ 
˭ҲûڵñӺĺԨ˿ڡ 
ͭǰЩûκβͬҪ˸ղŵĽѵ˭Ҳ벻һˡǲǸһһˣҲǲ˵Ϊ濴ȥʵ̫ˡ 
ñӺĺԨˣһһңȥ 
쳣ضǹ̴мƲͲ߶ʮһӵļơ 
ñӺĺԨ̽˼֪Ǹղűˣǳʲôԭ˾Ȼͬʱͣһۣҡҡͷ 
ô£ñȴͷӽָָ֣ 
ǿ˼ˡøղŵˣڼȻΧסȴһŵסֻرȸһ˵ 
ñӽӹ˫սػҪ£ȴͻȻסˡ 
Ҳôˮ 
ǰһʵñӸղŵıд⣬Ǹᡣ˵ʵҲ׳ŵߵϣŶ˸ϸ 
ȻǴϴģ󻹼һЩʵ 
һͷñӣñӳҰڰָָ֣˼ԣǲȸһӡҸϽҡҡͷҲûˣҪǲܲ˾һȥٴʲôĲһδƽһҿɼòˡ 
ΪʲôˮأѵͨŵºӣпܣΪǰһ·ͨıȷȻһֱӵġ 
뵽񰲶˲٣һ߳ɡһߴô׼ñӵ˶鸴ӵؿһۣҲֻû 
һһժñӡ 




ڶʮ Ӻͭ

       ñӡˡһ˵ϡΪñ̫ҲΪʲôͻΣգժñ֮ҿҲûбҸϤˡ ӣҴһһӱסӣҲƲסػ 
ñҲϳӣ˿Իھ棬˼ô£ֵôҡȫͿˡ 
ҲǴ󲻽⣬ټӵĸ˳嵭һУҽıӣһ̤ʵˡ 
ĺԨҶ⣬˵ʲôΣ 
ô˵Щ죬ĻҲȫûеɿӣӣӡ 
˺һӲ۾ֱܿˣǳ鴤żһ޵ĿЦӡ 
ҸϽкҰϵͭȥһڴӸǾ治ѣޱȣֲAKӵȥáôҲȷʵصģǸ˴ôص׻ж磬ɼ˵ҲС 
ڵϣǺƽȣԺģƺüû˯Ƶġ˼£ӳ˱зӦ⣬ƤȴԽԽ 
ӵģͻȻһԤоסˣѵҲż 
뷨һҶ߶µؽ̽ӵԺ󣬴˿ҵÿһʮϡ 
˼飬û룬ŷһŸ߸ŵġ 
ñӵĺֵû°ɣ˵ز˾ҪûµĻǻҸȫĵطϢɣ㿴ô 
Һγ֪ﲻȫ֣Ҫסʱƶû¡ 
ñƺҵ⣬溰һ߹Ҳ˵Ӿߡ 
ҸϽ˵ллñҵļ򣬡ˡ 
߳ĴǰȻŶҸһ·Բʽһʱ֮䶼֪ȥδӡ 
ñĺԨһ£ĺԨȴڰ֣аյص 
˭Ҳ֪ǸʲôжϣñӸʸĺԨҲȣû˵꼴ǰߡֻýϡ 
һţжٶǽ֮ǰȻһЩҺͺӽں棬һչһñӺĺԨǰ棬һһС̸Ÿղŵͭʲôأʲô󷨵ģ̫Сʵ 
Ҳ֪ǿ϶ǸʲôʽĿ벻ǰӷ϶Լ󷨣Ӷɱ 
Ҳǧǣһʧû뵽׾ǵʲôƨ 
뵽һǲеһ£ҪñӺĺԨȽȥǴһȥĻǿ¾Ͳôˡ˵ּñӶˣǽȥôˣ㶼㲻˵ȫˡ 
˼䣬Ŷǰ˲̵ľ룬벻Ĺģ֮󣬶Ҹ˼ǣ⻹ڵµģʯһֱڣеһжڵµģ˷˼ڼ㡣 
תһ䣬ȵʧδһ˽ţʱ˼ҵĺ԰ﳣ֣һƷյʯҡʯҲ󣬵Ÿ˻ӵ 
ñӺĺԨûпģһǰһʯһŵͭȥ 
ͭڸղŵĴһģһղŴҶԹͭĿȻҴ⡣ 
ϸ֮ҲȻǻʵͭһ壬޼ðּһʯҵĵܣȷûΣ֮ñкҿϢһ¡ 
ڵϣ˫ĿգҪǿԺȷʵû룬һΪҲżڵӣӽĶʵ̫ˡ 
ҿ˺ӽһۣҲڿңЦҲЦǿЦһһţҲͬˡ 
ñԱʲôҪ˵ӡ 
ĺԨҲұϣһһңҼм䡣 
ǡЩͷԡ 
ñӵĺֵܣڵǱһ㣬ǡ 
ĺԨñû˵ȥ̽ӹͷģղŵҲˣѾ꣬ÿһΣأ˼˸ָİţȴʲô֪νڰǵΣվ͸ˡ 
˵ûûأֻôĻͷлֱ˵ǱϾһϵˣѵλ絽ڶŲ𣿡 
ǲǣñæҡͷĺֵǧᣬǾûŲ˼Ϊŵù㣬Ÿ¡ 
ԽԽͿüͷ 
ĺԨñʼղ˵⣬ɫԲһţֵ֪ܿЩʲô 
ˣҵüͷøԥһ£ҵӻûѰ 
˶˵ֻؿҡ 
ε̾תȥӣ˯óģôжѣҲѡ 
ñóһӣϳǰȺӽǸװĺӡ 
Ҫʲôҽŵؿñӡ 
Ҹֵ¸룬֤ 
У֪ΪʲôһڻؾñӣһñҲ˸Ϳһʱ 
ĺԨ͵ȵòͷˣڼҶȻܾѵ͵ļޡ 
ʶһ˳ġ 
ñӼƲãϽԲ𼱱𼱣ڴҶһ 
Ҳû뵽ĺԨ֮һ仰˵þҪ֡˵Ҫ涯ֵĻȻûбʤİգҲ 
һֽǹϣһſɡͬʱ˫ȶʱ׼ŲԾ 
ñſ֣һһĺԨ˵ǡ 
ӴͻȻ˽֣ĺԨбһۣӡ 
ӣҸԴѵĿʱٲҾ͸ѾĻˡ 
˿ĭӣǵĶûκŰɣ 
˵ʲô㣡Ҵһȭ۸Ǹүһʱأ 
ǡӴͺãСûѽӴͷôô۰ 
ͷۣȥӵԴȴһӴסˣֱضʯҵıڶͰ͵˵ӣ㿴ǡʲô 




ڶʮ ҹ

       һ˵˶̧ͷȥֵæչȴûзʲôرĶ͹ƽıڶϣʵһһĸէȥʲôϡŹֵƵġ ӣСǲǸˣ۾Ҳʹˣ 
ҲǺЦżؿһۣ˺ӣϸҸղĿʲôڶ 
ˣɹģ˵ҿñӺĺԨһۣضűڶͣɤӣղŴҶأôץȥģʲôûУ 
Ӿһȫû˼ҵӣֻ˵һ䣬Ҳֵ֪۾Ź۲ڶ 
ָûȤҲ̧ͷȥڶȴñͻȻһСģ 
һûüŪô£һסңǽǴͬʱñӺĺԨ˫˫ǹAKǿĻʯ˲䱬˶˵ǽߣгĪĿ־塣 
ñ˵ǹͣһֻ޴ĲӸߴŵЯһȷˤڵϣأĴֻεĳһһ 
ʲôҿֻĳצڸղûӵĻ 
ҹɡñӳһ 
ҹɣҲһҵ˵ײУұҲǿӦﰡ˷գôأ 
ԼȻ˷ǾͲһˡ 
ñһ߻شңһϸؿűڶ 
ǰ˵ˣڶкܶมǰû̫ע⣬ڿȥԿȻȫҹɵ󣬼צȫ͹ԳԸղ˭û뵽Щҹɵĸһֻҹɡ 
ĺԨԾһӣȸղŻҪš 
Է׼û治٣ҲܶˣǻǸϽΪ 
ñҲͬʰһ£ǸϽߣ 
ղŴҶһţڰͲøϽ뿪ñô˵Ⱥһ˵ͭȥһʯš 
֮Ѿָ˲Բñ˱ˣֻ§ҵĲӡ 
ñ뷨ţĺԨϺ 
ñӿ֮ʣҸϽ򿪱ֵأǰʹôʱ䣬ֵĹѾ൱ 
ñоʯűϵһƻصĶûȥֻñкҶˣȥɸȴĺԨסˣ죬ҿߣ 
ʱڻ˵أñһкٺһ߲סػͷɫǻҡ 
ȻҲ֪Ͽлأȥȴ˲ĺԨһؼţﻹڲͣ˵죬ҿһ㣡 
Ѿǹ˳ĺԨĿȥֱʱҲſкüֻҹڴ 
һ£˭֪ѳǹ֣۾գҲգӶִǼɵȴ֪Ϊʲô 
¸¡һ죬ʯŻش򿪣˶һϲҹҲľţ˼£ڻû 
ߣñӿڲ޻أкһǰȥ˽ϣȻǵߵģǧһ˭ҲҴ⡣ 
û뵽СջǾҹɣͼڶϵļֻ׹Ȼһ򣬰ֽУһ˳ 
ǹһţֻֻ䣬Ȼɿظ֪ûдУǴȴֹǰľͷҹɵĸͷʵ̫󣬾ڿѱײҲܡֻһ߿ǹһƴغˣñ˺üͣ˿ֻң˭ûֱǰ˶ͨͨһȥҶûзֻ˺һһҵؿǹ͵ˡ 
ͻȻҸеһգӡӴлһ׹ȥĹУҿƻĺԨֵҲû⣬һǰһĺԨҲ򶨣ʱ򻹲ˡͻͻشǹ 
̲סЦȴ˼ˮǺҲ㱳ȥŴˮ︡ʱ򣬲ſʮֻҹͷϷȥǼƣʱпһ̽£ŸСһǵϰա 
һҲ鵹ǳɵӣ󡱵һ³һˮʹ찡ʹ죡 
ڣҷģŷɽﰡ̩ɽǰɫģ 
ӱƨˣ棡 
һˣһֻҹɺѶңһ֮͵ҳҾǹҪȴûӵˣû취ֻһˮ 
ٸʱмֻҹɱɵˣñӺĺԨˮеƣ׼ǹǹ䣬һ߿գҹһʱҽǰ 
ӽҺ治Զĳط硣û°ɣ 
ûû£˵źӽȥһֱ 
ȥһѣȴͻȻһˣԪ溲ˣ 
ñӺñҲһٹ˲յشҹɣкҸϽˡĺԨҲһƽӣֵɨɨȥ 
һûзԪ溵Ӱӡ 
᲻Ӿʵ 
ñҡҡͷûʹҿңң 
̾˿᲻Ǹղŵĳֲ̫ˮȥûи 
˵ñӴһģңҿң˷ʱ䣡 
ҿӣҲһãȻñôˣôôţĺԨôôţǰǵӡǴĲͬ 
˷ѰԪ֮ʣӽͻȻһУűȥ 
ղνȥ˭֪ͻȻ֧ȥԼһûѾòȻļУֻ˵ˣҰѱ˦ӣֽŲãźӽûλȥ 




ڶʮ ˮ

       ҴСˮԱ㼫ã̵ʹˣνһ˷裬ʮѵ˿ֽŲã˵εò죬ô̵ľ룬ȴβȥ ӼʹôˮָߣȴȻԭأǰ÷ֺűһһ˵ʲôأҲˣ 
ĺӰ죬һʶʲôطԾҷ˺һҪ̾Ҹо˽µһɼ 
а 
Ҵһ漴ֱֽţˮĸǰû뵽ӦһɸİԼٶӿ˹ȥҰһˣǰҲȥɣ 
ֵǹɰӿ֮ȴûжˣµĺˮֱƽ 
ô£ѵǰ 
εҽǰҲ׷߿£ 
ӵʲôôһ㶼ûиоҪôӾ˾ֱ˵ҽΣ 
뷴Ӽ䣬ΪղȷʵаȻУξǱ 
ҿڣñѵĺֵܣô£ҵԪʲô˵Ԫð𣿡 
ñһʳ⣬һûüشŵ˵ôʵ𣿡 
ôһ˵ñŪˣҲĪʲôôʣûﲻ԰ 
ӵ˵ʵ⣬ʺҵԪʺǲ˵Ԫðˣⲻǰì 
ñһ⻰ϰһһ촽˼£ȴֻ˵һ֣㡪 
Ҳʵе֣ʲôʱ˻Цñӵ⣬ǻǸϽԪ溰ɣ 
ñӵͷͻȻһĺԨˮ˳ĨһϵˮûаǱˮˣӣܿ϶ûа 
ĺԨô˵Ҳ֣ûаǸղô£ 
ñӵĺֵܣղȷʵˣ 
Ҳ֪ôشʵûֿܣǰһһģ˵ʱʱޣ 
ñӺĺԨͬʱҡͷûġ 
ˣղеһɾ޴İҽӿȥģҵĴ 
ͻȻһֵˣ˵᲻ˮ 
ҴһȭղžͿЦڻЦû㣿 
ûӸֱ棬ñӰڰֹˣĺԨһۣ㶼ɫء 
ĺԨûпܣ˼̫ˣҪˮǣǡ 
˶ñӺ滰˼ôأҡҡͷˮôץңôץ㣿Ԫץȥˣ 
ˣ˵ӣˮˮֲˣǴ˭ץ˭Ҫ̣綼Ъˡ 
ӣԽԽϹˣ֣ŪҲû 
ñӺĺԨֳ˼һĺԨͻȻǰĶȥģ 
Ρ̵һȷġ 
ãĺԨص˵һ䣬漴ñӵҿҲ˷ʱˣϽ׷ɣǹʲô׷˵ 
ñѼɴæкϰźν 
ǰʯݵľʱ߹Ǹǳ񣬵ʱҲźߵģĪֻصʯݣһһﷸֹ 
һΣԽòͷˣҿ߼׷ǰñӵˣ磬㲻ﲻ𣿡 
ñӽ²ͣŤͷңôˣʲô 
㻹ǲǵҸ˵ģҾǴôһﲻͣߣߵͷʱȻصԭĵط 
ñһͣסŲŵؿңҲйƵľղһ¸ˣһԹ˵ؿñӣΪɥ 
ĺԨñӣعͷɨһۣԹԹﱾһԹԹûг· 
ĺԨôһ˵ñӽסϲüңԨֵа취 
ûСĺԨصЩӵˣñӵ̬ȴǰ֪ʲôԭ 
ֻֻ֪ҪûԪ溣ǾǰˣҲ;ϣ˭Ҳ룬ҵĹؼ 
ñӵͷҵȻ֪ȴˣʲôԪ溲Ĺؼѵĳ־ʱֻҵ餣˵ֻܴ򿪹餣ܰҹ۲죬Ԫ溺ûʲôǱѰı£֪Ҳ֮٣Ҳװġ 
ʵԨ⻰ʲô˼Ϊʲô˵ԪĹؼ 
ĺԨûлش𣬰һ۱תǰȥֻؿñӣ˭֪ñӸûпң̾˿׷ĺԨȥ 
Σ˵ıӰݺݵһ䣬ʶ 
ӴӺֱߵǰ棬ͬӣǰȥˡ 
ʶһ䣬ӵ̬Ҳ 
߼䣬ӽĶͻȻһƳڿտȥȻ˵ҡ 
ӽһֱĺչ磬ڼͻȻ˹̲סϲ߻ȥŷıһϢĶ磬ӿһĪġãѹˡ 
Ҳһ֮ͣ䣬ͻȻղŵ־һѹֵġµľñǰƣ˶䱸 
 
Ǻ 
жһѵˮɣ 
Ҵֵ̽ӱߣԭƽĺϣԹ˷һһ˻Щ˻״֣Ȼ˵ϵôַȴƽ˻ɢ˻ˮķ򣬻ӿ³ӿ³ɢһһˮγ˷ǳֵ󣬺ˮйһ 
ҿ˿ˣҲͬķӦģˮµʲôô˹죿 
Ҳһ֣أٲǰôˣյұϣС˵ӣ˵ˡˮ 
 




ڶʮ Ծţϣ

       ʵ˵ҲеˣϾʵǰȻûۼˮµΣɿƣ˳˵ˡ ǰñӺĺԨһʱҲ״ֻضˮ档 
ءءž󡭡ž󡭡 
ڡˮУһײȥʲôײʲôϣײ֮ˮС 
ΣñӴһĺԨǰȥں˽ϡ 
߲ԶˮײˣҲøܼ 
Сˣ 
ĺԨһһȫǰ濴ȥɲãһȫɵۡ 
ֹͣˣһߴɫʯ·բһں룬߰׵ĺӵȻֳ롣ʯĶˣһצĴϣ̾ϸ˿̣Ĵ㲻ظ߸ͼԾȸߴʯ壬ʯִָ󣬶ˮ׵ľ룬ôԾùȥġ 
ԹԣѵǴ˵еԾ𣿡Ӱ죬һ۽ӡ 
ĺԨԾŲ٣ȴδأ˵óһӣһͷϵԼϣһͷӸñӡ 
ӿĺԨҪҲҪԾŲɣ 
ĺԨûӣñӵȥ 
ñӿͷ򶯵ˮ棬һСģ 
ĺԨ˹Ȼһɫڵʶǿ϶ȥģҲңñӣҲǺ 
ҲɻˣԪʲôôҪˡĺԨôı廹ţ 
ñӲڣñӣǰñûлش𣬿ǹ˼ĺԨڳҸתñȴԤƵģ̰ڰ֣ˮĶ 
ղĺԨȥʱˮһʱİûһʧȺٴθˮ棬ԾǰһѸٵζ漴߸Ծײʯ壬ŵ䣬ظƺ֪ƣʹ 
ʵ̲סˣ⵽ô°Ծţѵܱ𣿡 
һشˣȻô˵Ͼ˭ûмǼ٣˭֪ 
ñҡҡͷô򵥣ǧ⡣ 
վڰߺǹʵ˶ͷͻȻһˮֿһ㾹Ƿ˹ 
˿ǹ֪ûУҶ׷߶ܡ 
ڵϣһһرšҼûʲôΣգΧϸۿɫȻ㣬һ߰룬ͷβСӹ͡ 
ֵͷϵƬ״дС£ȥΪ̵һ 
ñְ㷭һҲˡ 
β򰡣ɿֲ񡣡ñ 
ʲôʲôʲôβꣿʲôô֣Ҵû˵Ӽץ 
βԭһ֣˼壬ͷܴβȴСҲ˵㱾ǸһģΪүĽɣүһ֮¾ͰβͱûˣûӾڴȻо𽥱̭ˡ 
ôһ˵أٺ٣ȤҲȥβ򣬡ҿҲβ͵ţȻǡС˵ 
ҵղ˵ӲĶʲô𣿡 
ԣñӷȥؿβ򣬵βֻͷ󣬵ȴСöࡣ 
ҲⲻβأӵϾүô͵ 
ҼһϹ̲סСǲѧȻĽȻԼĹɣǧֶΪӦˣﾺ棬˵ľʲôүͷ֮Ĵ˵ֺߵĽͷţмӶѡ 
ۣͬñͻȻԣж 
ﵱȻжˣȸСȫñӴϣһɲˬתñͷϡ 
ǣҲ˼ñ˷Ҳûӻļ֮⣬֣ 
бһۣ㬵ذñסβû뵽ͷ֣һûס 
ȡЦӣȴһصͷôûۣ 
һʵ̲סЦΪҽڣΪղͷƬƬ״Ϊ졣ӾȻ˵ͷûۣҲ̫׾˵ɣ 
ӳһۣģӣ 
ҰŰɵһ£ͷֱǹ⻬ҷǳȷʵûۡ 
ñҪβ򿪳Ƹ˿̼Һɫ֣أӣҲüͷ漴к˽ֵĹȫۼͷϡ 
ñ۲һ૵ص 
ôˣƵؿžŵñӡ 
꫻ưñȫʧȥƽʱ򶨣ͷ̲סһ¶ 




ڶʮ Ծţ£

       ҿЩι״ҲȻһΪ㱾ûȥñôһ˵϶⣬Ǹʲôõأ ӵ㲻˵ж𣿸Ͻʿû׼һˣ 
ñӡšһٵβĶӡɶûпһʱܳһɴ̱ǵȳζ֮Ż 
ʲô㰡ôôűӵ 
ҲȳζѬпֻ࣬ñǿųζõʳﲦŪţһӲӲĶ˴ҵע⡣ 
ñӼǸֻкҴСĶߵӱϴɾʱܿȻһͭƵ 
ͷҲӿͭʽӣҪȥȴñӰִ˻ȥ 
ĺֵ㿴ñָͭϵһȦСС͹𣬵֡ 
ҿ˿ȷʵֵ״ͭ岻֪ʲôʱͱŵβˣ쳤վãѱβڵķ︯ʴü뿴ס 
ñõعͭϵ⼣סβĶ﷭һ뿴ʲôĶûУʲôҲûҵ 
ʱעȫǸҴͭϣ˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻˡһһβϰûҵϡܿҶ׹ΪĺԨ֮ˮ档 
Ӳȱ˶֣ȥסβ׼̽俪ƸѰ 
Χ£ĺԨǡȻԪûҵ˵Ҳȫֹ㣬еرеСһЩȫػأ򣬺ܵĳصٻ 
ʯ棬м̫Բ涼ŽͭģֲĺԨһʱҲû̫ϸֱ档ŽˮͨȴֹͨС״죬׼ץʲôŹ֡ 
ʱҵͭ壬˷ܵغһñӵɫȴˣҺĺԨչȥñѰͭøɾ˺ּܶ࣬ȫ¶Цһ£ñȥŹҲػһѺ֡ 
ñӿĺԨֿңҵĸоûĳа 
˵˵ĺԨ 
ҵľ飬ͭӦγʱڵģ˵ſĺԨһۣĺԨͷʾͬ⣬ñӼ꫻ƣǷӡģҿ꫻ƵĿ̷ͷҲǰģһҺ󡣡 
ĺԨѽӹͭţ˵̵֣ 
ԣñָͭϸС֣ǿ飬쳽ϸ磬ʮһֵ壬ȴֱʱӦִ 
ñӵ˼һҵǾֻһˡȷʵγģȴǺȥġ 
ĺԨͬҲ˼ӦþЩ˵Ľˡ 
ҲͽųˣǰѽкǸ˵ֺֿͭϣְͭŽβڣһоʯ壬Щβŵƣôһʲôã 
˻һۣһʱ벻Ȼ 
ñӵȻǺȥģǲƲһʱ䡣ִڼڵļֻһ1894꣬һ1954꣬һ2014꣬ȻһǣǰһҲǺܴǾֻмǸˡ1954ֻ꣬ʮʱ䡣 
ҷԵôƲⲻԡ㵽Ʋʲô 
ñĬȻҡͷҲ֪ 
ôƲȷʵԣĺԨŵ̵ǺǿЩֵʱ䣬ȷЩֵʱִȴδء 
ñӲ˼ЦЦҼͿˡ 
ҵѵǸʲôͱ֮У 
ĺԨñӶһۣһÿɷӡñӵӡаǰҲ˵һЩõĴ඼Ҫҵķ䣬Ҿ˵һɡβֻ꫻ƣϡ 
ҵ᲻ʱ̫β϶һЩ 
ñ̾ҲûܣôһǷӡ֮˵Ҳûˣ뵱ʩаˣô׾ԼĽʧȥЧ𣿡 
ҳĬΪ֪ȻܣҲԼŬ֮ 
һʱ˶˵ 
һĺԨҿǻȱôˣ֮һаҲ̱Ҫ֮ҵԪ溡 
ñӵͷҲͷ˵ףѾˣٴλصΧһʱ֮ʵҵɹ֮ 
һĪչ֮ʣͻȻ˵صˣˣӦֵǮɣ 
 




ڶʮ ϣ

       ĺԨ죬Ӹպ꣬ĺԨһѽǶﳭ˹ ң˵žҪǰȥҸϽֹס 
ǰ˶ΪһҲһͬŶûע⣬ֻӲϣ಻³ذһβϸϸءоһͨ 
ĺԨģȻһϵȺȻҲЩȾʹ俴ȥһɫһЩƣȻβסе󻬺͹ 
屻״һ˫㣬β͸һˣͷȴмصһʵ˵ˣ㹲һͷֻͷ̵ʵˮƽ˸ֲģȥٿȴֺģҪǼϸȥֺˡ̶ۡۡ൱£ΩΩФһ㰮֡ 
ĺԨʹ˼ѣȥһЩʹӾӨ͸ôʿڳȴԿ 
˴ſһȦӱ±˲ƵģϽҪȥŽĿڴ 
ôһҲԻˣԭΪЩ϶һɫͭ壬ȴû뵽ץͷָǣûҵֱõʵԶĸΪӣ˷֮ 
ĺԨǰҿñһʱò⡣ 
ȴ벻һףܱ˳üô˿̣ԹԵ첲ȡһæһ߲ʱعͷŴ˵ҿҲˣûףҾɣǱ㣬϶ǴСôҲи 
ӣ֣ 
ӵôǺأҲûŲҲǴȵ̼û׼ջ񡣡 
ҿñӺĺԨҲûʲôرıʾҲǽѶ̼ҲܵõʲôҲһ 
ñӵǾԭϢһɣҳԵ㶫һ 
һҶôϣﲻôأϻװŲֳѧĺԨӣԼϲһȦӣӵһͷݸң˵ǴҾ͵ҺϢɣ˵ɡߵӱߣŲѵˮ棬ԥһֻعͷŴ˵һ䣬λȥˣ 
ҧͨһºȥ汻βΪܾȥһȻŲٵ˻ 
˶ڳԳԺȺȣȴû˼ӵˮȻȲĺԨӦúܿͻһֱעź档ڵĺȸղѾƽ࣬βҲָǰ״̬ͣԾţûһܹԾȥ 
ʵͭ壬кܶҲûŪסȻڵԾŵľ֣Ϊʲôɴ㣬ţ༰ػβΪβΪβӦĻΪʲô벻ԭ 
Уӵôһ״Ϊʲôȥʼն벻ӣǻһֱΧתҪǻεĻô⣿Ʋƽģ൱¶ȣˮʹǧȻʹԵĹĹҲܷת 
پǡҵ˼·ϣӽ˹ 
ĺ磬Ե㶫ɣȻ˾ûˡ 
ЦЦԵɣһˣôõ𣿡 
ӣԴ˾һֱ۷ֱҲ֪ԶιЩˮ 
һͷһۣҲ̫ˣͻġ 
֪ӽͷĺ磬㣬ܲܣܲܡ 
ôˣµģлֱ˵ʲôҪҰ𣿡 
ӽҧ촽ģʱΪɬͣһŵܲٱʫ 
һûεⶼʲôʱˣô˼˵Ҳʵû飬ȥûԪ䲻ǰ·һƬûͷôһ˿һ鸽ӹأ 
ӽ¶ɫæûб˼ֻǡֻһξ;رúãҲܻȥˣҲټүүҲӣҶϣһжһΣˣһǰңµһдûķ 
ӽһ˵ô࣬ôˡǰȻģүүҪ꣬ҲǱƲѵģأͷβȻȻ֮˱˲ٿصľż޹ܺߡ 
뵽ҸͬˣҲұʫ˵һְοɣȻһʲôƴǵأ 
 




ڶʮ £

       ҵã㱳һס ǺǣӽЦЦһ׶УҲû 
˵䣬ˮͻȻһӴˮ¶ͷٵش˼һ˽ȥ 
ӳҲˣÿˮҵסͷסβ˼һˮ 
ұеʱӽһרע÷ǳ棬״Ҳȷʵһһδӡ飬Ҳ̷£ڣұٸ㱳һףع۵ġȥŪɡӽͷҴԻһ£Լűٿǣۿɾˡ 
ŪɣǴޣɡ¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼ˮΣ̹ȵŹ·Ǿóʱڳĺĺ 
״ĻﱳгȷʵһζǱһʱҲɷ٣ᣬһǳͳΪ˵ʵҲҵ£ǹȥˣָôʱ䣬ҲϷϣ˵ĸоҲת˲š 
û뵽ӽȴϵظһ䣬Ǿóʱڳĺĺ 
ĺ磬˵˭дģظ˼֮󣬺ӽʵ 
عۡ 
Ŷعۣôдôأ 
ôдôãҿɻشˡҵǲҪЩ˱öƸС 
ӽûлش𣬷·Գڸղŵ֮С 
޿ɺǣҿɲУڵĻԲ˵ӻںءҿһվˮ档 
ССβζţи߾ۼ֪ǽ⣬һ֡ɨ˼ۣûʲôر£ӣӵԶĺͻȻһȦ޴j 
ǾŪģβôԶһȦһȦjƽҲ³çֱش߳ķ 
ҸϽк˹̶Χ˺ӱߡʱjƶɴ˹֮ǱˮµļһͷҲǲС 
ֵñӴһ 
ҲʶѼӾ֪Ӳʲôӱýģʹȴֺ 
һҳԾСjԽԽˡ˶ǹ䱸˿ӽһ˳㼷ϴЭӽֻ֪Ҵ󲻱С֣ǿܺһ˴⡣֪ʲôһžȥʱͻȻҵضһ£һ˵ԼСҺͺӽһۣô£ҲܲôˣһһӱӲקˮ档 
һͬקģһ߶೤ββ߰˿Ѫ֪ͱ˶ٵ 
Ӽеشڴһ߻˵ɣɱˣ 
ʲôˣ˶кϽӲԣҡҡλεϰôǣôһ㣬ɵ˲ɣ 
һӣָź治ԶjСǱߣ 
ղһ֣ͨΪᾪˮµĲû뵽ȴȫûӰ죬ǹȲǰ֮jҲָ˱ӽǰӣһȦһȦ 
ʲôǣӲС˵⻰ʱ򻹱߳Ĵ㣬Ѿ˶ദһһɵȳζ 
Ȱ£ζʵܣҿҲڱǲţϽӵϱ㲻ӳҲ۰ɣ 
˭֪һΣ˵ö԰߶ŰɣȥˣȻһжʱɾˡʲôϽҰ 
εҡҡͷ۲ĲơʱǲѾԶˣеѾܹײǰʯ塣 
ˣñͻȻ 
ȻٲǰһһѸٵӹӦñʾˮµĹڼӿٶȡô£ˮµĹ･ظˮ棬һʯȥ 
ʱѾܿˣˮҲһβ򣬲ͷȴǰļֻ࣬Ҹ˳ԾǣȻεô죡 
ҪԾˣ̲ס 
̱ʲôҪԾˣǸϸ𣿡 
ҹ˲ӣͼһǰеβˮͻȻһͦµˮ̱ĳһӣ˻׷װܽβȴѸ߸Ծ𣬵˰Ƕ̶̵βͻɨ˼£ͷϷһҫ۵İ׹⣬֪ǲǷֵĹ⣬šͨһȵ䵽ʯһߡ 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ڼҪǹñֹסˡ˶ɵۣû뵽ԾţҶΪϧôԾţȴûбأ 
죡ĺԨͻȻһȣ 
 
 




ڶʮ ·

       Ȼԣ˵ظԾŵβҲΨһ׷ٵˡ βԾַ֮ٶȣǰĳ۵糸ڵƣŲţҪ׷ǿ϶ܡ 
һʱ䣬βˣʱʱظˮ棬ȻǱˮףΪ˵ʱǼһȴһӶ羵ˮ棬Եõ̽˳̬ˡ 
˭Ҳû뵽ӿȥֱִĴͷȻ˵ĶȻԴȣҲӲ 
ӵѽӣ˵ǲǵе㲻ͬѰıŶ԰ 
һֱŵضź棬ͷҲصصпܡղŪʲôˣ 
̾˿ˣƨûһҰװ׷ʱ̳æ˰졣 
ҵҲÿβ϶жֻǲ֪Щʲôõġ 
ñӺĺԨҺӵ˵ñӵֵ˵ղûж 
ӻشɲˡ 
ñĺԨС˵˼ʲô̫СںһŶû 
ʱҸѾ൱ʱ䣬ӵǰһǳӵˮҲƽȣš 
ĺԨǰ溰ҸϣҪתˣ 
Ҫתˣһº˶Ե˷ԴӽӺûһ㻡ȣھȻҪת䣬ǲǱʾѾڲˣ 
ȫܡ뵽ﶼǾ񣬿첽ñӵˡȻûһӵٿرתȥһʮȵļתǰΪ֮һ䡣 
ǰĿǱ䱾ͷϵ񷶥Ǽ֮ǿֵҲղˣߵǽҲںȻ֮䱻һǿ˿ȥ֮һ仰оǿտҰĻҲ˰ɣû뵽ģĽ̲סҪȥ²⡪ɹ̫󾿾Ǻεˣô˾޴Ĺ˵ܲҵعڤЩŲţǾ;ǳشķ֡ 
ǰвԶֵľͷԼԼһߴĽھԶһʱ޷塣 
ǲǵˣǲǵˣ˻Ͼϲ֮顣 
ñӺĺԨϽƣʾҺҲӣͱűֻҪˣǱСòСͲǱҲǼ˸˾Ҳ 
ҺӸϵñӺĺԨʱܿǰĽˣǹεģ߸ϣҲ൱ɹۡӵһֹֻǲ֪õʲôϣڰпط΢⡣ 
˵߸ϣΪжߡǵߣ֪ǲѾ˺ԴͷԴת֮һߣȴԵ½ˣȻʵǺ½ǵԽԽߵԵʡ 
βǰζǵľ𽥱ԶҪȥǻͲ˵ˡ 
ӵҪɣȻʱ׶ûضˡ 
æֹǲǰȻڱǰǸʲôڣﶼûסû׼Ҳϡ 
ʱѵ˽Ľǰɵشʧǰ˲²ʲô˲õڣһŶѡֻӴ֮ںϣԶԶȥһĸ¥ 
Ѿúܸߣʮ׵ӣеβȻҲûͣ£ţȻǰȥ 
ô죿ñӻͷѯҵ 
ڵƺˣſԹȥȥ֣֮ܲδ֪βǰ棬ûеҪĿĵأ᲻֣ͬδ֪ 
ԥһĺԨҿֻб·ˣͷȷʲôͷһ£޹Ҳܾʹ˴ᡣ 
ñӵͷҲֻˣҶһʱ䣬СʱԺûҵʲôҪϡ 
Ӽȵȵȵȣû˵ֳأ 
ñӰ۹ͶĺԨĺԨͰͷְɣһ࣬ʲôΣҲӦҺɽټĺֵֵܺһӣ׷βʣµһӡ 
вУĺԨû˵ӵͷҡø˹Ƶģôֲѧ 
ĺԨһʱˣû뵽Ȼ˷ԣһôѧˣ 
ӱܿĺԨ֧֧صǲѧҿɲ׷㣡 
һΪʲôԵԭǺ֣Ұ˵Сͬ־ⶼʲôʱˣͲһ 
ӻû˵ĺԨڰ֣ԭǾ鷳ֵˣһȥ׷βô 
ñӿЦһ£ͷ 
Զֳ飬ҪжæʲôӽҪչ磬ͱźԶˣɣһ𡣡 
áñӵ 
Ҳ˼û˵ˣһ˵Ҳ̴Ӧˡ 
 



ڶʮ κ

       ñӵȥԶˣǲջñ˵һСġͷʯȥǸɽֵȻϡ Һúӽм䡣 
ղ˭Ҳûϸ۲ţڿžȻͨúɣ̣ۡŵߣϣиָޣ꣬룬ʨӡգPȵȣкܶҲʶģִģȴǷˣÿӱһΣ֪ʲô˼ 
棬̵һЩľû˵ͼΣҲû֡ 
Ԩ磬㿴ǲǺ֣ 
ĺԨʣԴӽֵ꣬Ķ𣿡 
˵˿̱뷢һȷʵˣȻĺԨ˵ʵ 
ĬĺԨȴֵˡ 
ʱ˶ߵĺԨվĵطһ֮¶һ 
ڴģӦʯŵмλãм俿ұߣһ˵Ϊһ񣬷Ρ̬͡ԵĹŴ񣬻Ҳ˵δ񡣵˳ԾĵȻЩŮָһʯ롣 
ʯһСʯǰ΢ͷԿкȻʢһ벻֪Һ壡̬ˮˮζġ 
⡭ѵѵǡ 
һ·һֱ˵ɽָŮ񣬽Ͱ͵Ҫ˵ʲôȴû˵ 
Ӵ˿Ҳеɫһĭ⡭Űɣ 
ĺԨüͷ壬˵ֻǲϵ´Ů 
ȷʵֵģϲû֣Ҳû˵ͼΣͻȻ˵ĵȴô˼ĶڿǲµʱȻҲܺ£ⶫǻᴫȾģûطŪĻ̵̻ģ⶷ɾͱµˡ 
ҵôˣӣĺҲȥ޶ 
ԭӿ϶˵׳հŮгӵ𣿡û뵽ֻһۣʲôҲû˵ǸɽҲһֵңҸոʲôɻһ 
ĺԨҪŵĻӦþκˡ 
ôһ˵ҸϽסˣ̽ȥŵһ㶼м俿λõġҴֵչȥɵһмһϣȻ׭֣κš 
һӦûʲôɻɵˣΪʲôŪôһκأô죬Ǻ⣿ 
ñͻȻ֣ 
֮ҲһҲ֣ 
˶ſϵ֣ǱʲôҪҲܷʲôõϢ 
ĺԨ̥ٻţˡ 
궼üͷһʱ벻仰ʲô˼ӵ⻹أҵġ͡ӣǲְ 
ҰʶС׭ǿɳֵˡҪͬ磬ҶһӣҲֻǿס 
ΪΪ׮˳ʲô˼ 
ĺԨľӦһģΪΪ׮̥ٻţˡ 
Ǿ֪ľһģҲ벻ȻȻ˼ܺ⣬ǲӦʲô⣿к⣬ֻʲô˼Һ˼Ҳͨ˳ʹͶ̧ҲͶһ֮ңҲⲻһϲǺȻĹɰ 
ӼҲȥҲûиߴٵҿǻǸøɶɶɣиð 
ҿ̬ȱ仯̫󣬸ղŻŵʲôƵģȴһ첻µزµӡҵСͬ־ĳЩ˿ʼﲻһ˰ 
ӡٺ١ЦղеʲôڼôӢ£ΪĴҲܸ㶪ݰԲԣ 
ĺԨһۣˣϹǣֵ˵öԣ߰ɣ 
ӵ⡭ûģκŲǹͶ̥ʱҪǾô߹ȥʲôӰɣ 
ҵûҪκţҪ˵Ⱳӵ鶼ˣͶ̥ˡȻĻϱӵ黹ţϱӣϱӵҲţǻԼˣĳҪǺµĻҿڴ˵أðվͽʿɣˣӣ㻹ǲǵϱӵ¶ 
æҡҡͷңҲǱŴģκʲôүҲһСС֡λţ 
˵Ӻǹǰȥںϡ 
ЦЦˣͱһһ׼߿ա 
һûЦӾͣˣҸǰȥôˣȴȻҲʯǰһƬãã 
 



ڶʮ Ũеսϣ

       ˭Ҳû뵽ôͻȻƾվðôҾһԥĹѾĵӶ һʱԲ׼ĪжֻӶϵغˡ 
ӵԹԣǹУرడʲôտˮ˸ǹǶɣ 
ҵС˵ûȷʵˮɽӵеǰȥһΣ 
Ӱ˵Ҹʲôޣôŷİ·𣿡 
ҵŲͬ־ɱʶôô˵ôεĻҪ㵽ǰȥȫǳ֯϶Σѵؼʱ̣Ѿܲסˣ 
˵䣬ѱ˵űϡڼӣرûˣ볚УһƮ죬ʵƶƾ˲ 
һΣôȥһ͵˵ˡ 
ñͻȻǰȥԣ 
ҺӶһղô˵ǳҵȻûӵǰһµ˼ӵȻҲ֪ûǰһµ˼ĺԨĸëˣ 
ҵԨ磬ɱ𡭡 
ĺԨǰڰ֣ʾǲö˵ʵʱֹҲˣŨѽذ£ʼģģؿһһʲôˡ 
ǸɽȥһҲżĺԨġҿɹܲˣӺͺӽȥ 
ɽҲźˣ˵ú۾ضǰŨܿ죬Ũ忪ĺԨ߳һۣûҽɣǸϽȥ 
Ӵһӣ򣬳ô˵ţͿˮ 
ûӵĻĺԨԨ⵽ô£ 
ĺԨҡҡͷҲûŪףȷʵûץʱ䣡 
֪ûҲĺԨǰ·ȥߵ֪ûжҲԹܵġ涼ˡһһ߲ʱ໥кԱϵȷλá 
һ½ֹͣǹˡôһҲòѽŲŵøΪǰһŲ֪ڳʵʵڵʯͷӡ 
ӵȵȣȵȣҶͣһ£ 
ҺӲŶߣǱ˴˶ø첲ӣôˣﲻ˾ɱң 
ӴȵҡҡͷҿɱүɣҲŽͣ 
ҵϻˣʲô˵ 
Ӱ۾ɵøͭƵģΪ׼Ҵһû뵽һ˵øӰѴ˵᲻õҲܱǰ˺󲻼ߵǿɣ 
ҵаС֣ûԹͦ 
ĺԨǰ棬˿Ҳ˻ȻҺӲֵص㳡ϾϹһëȽΣ취ȷʵУĺԨ¸ɴ䣬Ҳ˵±ѴٵһӵļƲ߶С 
ôһͺ߶ˣҸоһһţҲ˵ףǰô־ˡ˺һȻûûأȻȥûʲô⣬ȴΧҲ֪ߵʲôطֻҪƬŨǼȥҲû塣 
뵽ұкĺԨһһû˵͸оͻȻһǰͻȻǰһƵġ 
Ԩ磡ӽ 
Ҿӽ̻صû£ĺԨȴƺһſ£ֱſӣ 
ԺſڵϡȻ֪ǰ浽׷ʲô£ĺԨѾһػȻ˵ģᷢƺߡ 
ҽһ࣬ʲôʲôֲָô˼Ҵ򰡣 
ſҺ棬ͱͱҵĽţӣ۲ܹⱻ򰡣 
ҵΪ밡 
ĺԨꡱһ˵ע 
ҶϢΧȴʲôûСĺԨղŵôˣĺԨֵһƶ 
ƶɸնûײʲôϣӲӲģһȻһȣ 
ΣңͻȻ֮һҲŵùǺҵȻ֪Ȳǵе˭ģһʹ뽫⵹û뵽ľ׮һôʹⲻֺùǣôһ⣬ע⣬ֻСһԷҹ 
æĻ˵ȥĹȣֻһŤұ˼ͣסӣͬʱﺰҿұƶ 
һ˴ҲУڵϣһʹ 
ӾǹҪ򣬵뵽ǹ´ȥ˵ԼˣֻýǹɹҸղڵλúɨȥǡһӵǹַɳ֪䵽˺δ 
һ裬ҶѾƵұߡӽͷϲԶҪǰӭսΪ鶯ʱʯͷĥ 
æӽȱҶ 
ĺԨ̲һ䣬ҶҶ 
һ㣬ͱͱӽʾλãöԷӸղ˵ 
һ㣬ӣû°ɣ 
ʵҹ˵ע⣬ҲشģӾȻûشֲЩġ 
ӣСһ䣬ûлشȴͻȻ٣ 
 



ڶʮ Ũеս£

       ѽˣպӾͽҲ϶ʹɨȣȴ֪ǼһӲһӿ϶ǰԼˡ ǹĴ̵ǰ˼£׼ҵĿͺݺݵظһ̼£ȴʲôҲʲôûд̵֣ôֲˣѵǼһﾹܿǲɣܣܿˣ÷⾢ 
Ҷ룬ղʧļһͻȻֳˣһɾҼɨһ㿪ͬʱǹȥ̣Ϊ׽˶Էλãһǹíû뵽һǹȥִ˸գһûſڵϡ 
ӣҵλã䵽ұϣҵһӡӻǺñҪģǱʱ϶ˣ֪ӵÿɲСҸñҪ˼ 
ӵ˼ӣһһͷ̽ǰΧȥ 
һʮಽʲôоûСΪ̫ԶʧɢֻתߣθͻȻоһȻҺΪʲôղŹȥʱûʱˣѵԷҲſ𣿵ڵȻܲôˣҺͨתȰС廨˵û뵽תȦͻȻһɣˣ 
ҺӶ˸ţ֪ôһûסƣбܳüֻ治öԸһʱҲ벻õİ취Զڵϰû 
ΧͻȻˡ 
ڲƴ֣ƴ־֪£ǧżëꡣҶԭأԲӦ䡣 
ӻ̲סˣһӣСܵһߣֽһӣܡ 
һֱСĵΧĶӷ˼ΣȻˣƵߵС鲽֮⣬һֽŲؽӽӴҲˣΪҴĽŲܵһ˷ܣһһĻ 
ҲսǹһСĵж˵ķλһ߾ 
ˣˡҸоǹȫǺʵڲֻ˵ýǰұ㱩ѡˣϣҴһӸк˵ãǵѵʹһԾȻ֮˵սȦ档 
磬ң 
ҳԾ˵㡣 
ҲһдһɼƻʧܵйС治֪ǳ 
ӽ˼ЦЦ£ҡ 
û˵Ƕ쵽һӽҪӽ֪ǱӸղ˵һʲôĴ㣬첲һ˦˿ȥһûüʲôһ˶ĵġӽͶ˶⡱ 
ն 
ӽһϡ 
ҰһҲͶֵֽ֣Ҿ˵ӽֻһغϱ㱨˶ֵıݹҾԶԶղŻԲѵ˵˵˼Ծʵ˵ңǶ˶ˡ 
භҲȫƾλȻ֪ǲܿӽȴǿԿ϶ġˮƽҼֱȥսھˡ 
ת֮䣬ӽѺ˶Բ˺üУӽ֮пÿһжʵʵӲӲҲ֪ӽǲֵñˡ˵ģõննķȻһأӲӲĻӽռơǵһνͬƴ˸ƽ˵ҪȺӽ߳һءܵ˵ǻǰ¡ 
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뵽ҵкһǰ£أһʱҲóȻ֡ 
һ˵ٶӣӽֱ˼ᣬҺ˫˫Ծǰȥ˾ҺҲֵܵһ󡣵ȫû뵽ǳȥһȦȴ˵ëûһѵʧˣ 
ôôǰǲǵģҺ˻ 
ӵģаˣһӰȥٰ˵ô򣿡 
ҵˮߣֲɹ֣򣡺ӽû¶ɣ 
ӽʲôæҡҡͷû£˵ĵҺЩϤ 
Ŷ𣿡һ˾ҪܴҵʲôĻǶԵ˾Ͳһ֪ˣҲһЩʤ㡣ҵ㿴Ǵ𣿡 
ӽпܣ˵׼ǵȷʵʶСʱүүʹһЩͬ 
Ҽæʵʲôͬ 
ӽԥҲ˵壬ܾ˵ĵЩӲÿӦñеʱҪһģʹһҲѾˡ 
Ӽղźӽս֣ԺӽĺøвɴΪӣӽô˵ٺ٣ָͱǫˣҿ˾ûȻôˣ 
ӽҡҡͷʵܸôУȫǰʶ׵ټ˱ȷʵЩӲ 
ҿӽ˵ú棬ҲӲЦ֪ȷʵûпղŵĶ֣˿ǵĴҲʵǡ 
ǳٳٲɢȥŨҪûŨҿڣһǹͽԴ˲俪ţֱӿȻ 
ûô书ȷʵǿŨҲȻڡ뵽Ҳ̾˿ 
ĺֵܣĺֵܣĺԨǱߴҵ֡ 
ҴӦһԨôˣû˰ɣ 
ĺԨûУղǱд֮û¶ɣ 
û¡ҵһΪĺԨʲô½ңԭǡ 
ĺԨֵǴ޼£ƾΣգСʱʱҲ쵽ˣǻ˻ȥɣֵǻϣ󴳽ҪΣգ 
ҵҲֻˡ 
 
 




ʮ ȥĻˣϣ

       ˵˾ˣһ໥кţȥΪͻȻϮһ·ߵ൱֮˰СʱǰĺԨԴϲغһκˣ ղźӽҺӵʱ򣬰罻ɽɽҲ湻˼ʱҲһ·ţһֵķϻûж˵ 
Ժӽһͬں档֪ʲôокӽڱϣҾðȫ˺ܶࡣҵȻҲΪԼеһ˾ȻҪŮ˴ȫУ 
Һܿ찲οԼڷǳʱڣԲ̫Щϸ֦ĩڡ 
˼䣬ѴκϵŴ߹һ·ƽ¡ 
ǰĺԨͻȻѾɢˣ 
̿첽ܵǰ棬һ֮¶̲סÿ죬˵Ҳ죬ת˲䣬˵ǸղžţҲ¶ˡ 
ҿĺԨһۣѾɢˣ֪ûʲôµĴ㣬 
ĺԨǱˣȻҵ˼һҲһʱˣղž͹̫żˣôҶûʲô⡣Ȼ˺ֵܣһȥ 
ñô˵ҵȻûղðŨóȻȥĸо¡ 
ʮӣǱߴ˼ֵ⣬ֵһǰһػԲȦɽͬķʽӦ 
ñӵߵǰǿѯñҡҡͷ 
һ㷢ֶû𣿡ĺԨһ䡣 
ñӵҲǣûõţñӴ˵һǱ·Ρ 
һ·ββȻͬǰһûʧ١˺Զ·㾹Ȼûͣ˼һ·ҲûзֵøĶ󡣲һǵע⡣ڴߵһСʱʱǼһ̨СͽǼ̨Ӷֵںһʯ̨ǴӼ̨ģʯ̨ˮƽжʮңˮˣʯ̨βȻͱǳˣβȥιȥˡ 
ʵǼ̨ϻûбĶ 
ñӵûˣʼҲΪõʯ̨߹ȥϸ鿴һǺܿϧֻһʯͷ̨ӣǲǼ̨Ҳֵûɡ 
ӵΪʲô˵Ǽ̨أ 
ñӵ֪ΪʲôĵһҾ;Ǹ̨ 
ҵͷĺԨȷʵЩŹ֣ӦǸֻ̨ǡǼ̨ʲôأɱǹ㵽ô£ 
ӵ԰أ㻹û˵Ķȥˣ 
ñӵˡ 
ˣôôô˰ 
ñӵǸ߹˼̨һֱΣҲ֪ûյ㣬ҿʱ˾ֻûˡ 
ǡӶ㴷أһֱԼǮߵӡ 
ˣĺԨ˵ЩҲûá֮⣬ƺҲñӷβҲûǼصñ˵Ǹղŵñ࣬ҵķǶԵġ 
ĺԨҲоҲɢˣǸϽȥɣҶСһЩû׼Ǹ˻档 
ãؿڣүٻ 
Ƴ˺ӽһۣ¶ɫ˵ʲôϺ˾Ļ΢οһȴʲôҲû˵ 
κţֵǰһǰ˹ĺۼӶ࣬ǽڻ񷶥зԲǡ˵ľΪ֮һ 
ȻСȴһֱûг֡вʱͷǰһεĶšñӺĺԨͷҺνš 
û뵽ʱˡҺӸսȥûüΣͻȻһ죬ŵϷһʯȻ׹䣬ǵ·׷˸ 
ģ˭˭ɵģүվ̲סƿڴ 
ñӺĺԨҲܻʵʯţһʱ 
ǵһжǵ֮УñӵҪŴˡ 
ĺԨҪ˵ĻûпܣȻ񣬵ǵըҩҲԽը 
ӵʲôˣˣˣһͲˣôˣôǹѵһͷӣ 
Ӿ˵ϻڵȻˣ˵Ԫ溻ûҵҵˣ˭Ҳô׵ؾͷһ·Զɽˮģڸе·˵ܷͷģ 
ҵȻˣһҪСĲУƾղһо˵˼ʵһֱڰĬĬעأڰÿһҪССģܱⱻǰ㡣УСֲ˼룬ǧ˶࣬ţ˼ҪǷֿƣ˵һѡ 
 
 




ʮ ȥĻˣ£

       ñؿһۣĺֵ˵öԣղŵǧբһѾмжˡ Һñ˵ղŵĺʱˣصǳӣ˰ڲ𣿡 
ȻֹۣҲ˰ڲӴ̫٣˳־Լ硣һûڣĺԨ˵֣δأ 
˵кɽǰȥҼ˵նǴģҲɱȾһѣкһҲѲӸղŵľлعųɶΣҪǰͻȻһñӺһֵܵվλôһʱˣȵǰĹߵͭʱһҺ 
϶ 
磡 
磡 
ñӺֵͬʱһ˺ѷεĿ񺰣漴չǵǹȥ 
һԾ˳ְγ϶еնһѪꡱ˳һ϶漴̱ڵϣȻѾˡ 
˾ǿɲ㣬һʷ̫ͻȻһʱôˣȵӦñѺսһ𡣿ʹնӦþǰŨϮǵǸˡ 
ڶߣĸһһʱҲ޷ǰս 
ñﶼAKûд̵İս˿ռƣʵϼʹ˴̵ҲδؼþͻתڿֻʹŸ˳֡ 
ĺԨɽߵҺӱϣҪǵԶǹʹһ㣬϶ǣʱҲһʱ֮ǿǹݸɽȴϰǹĺԨҪԸսһսŰݡ 
ĺԨֻߵӽҪӽضڼսˣյ 
ȻһñӵȴأһϷ綼ռһܷӦеջһ׸һ棬ͭĹʵ˵ãǰ̹ˡҶһ˻ǹ 
ʱñͻȻһˣ϶ĻæȣһԹ˲ϾҲףӽ˵ЩӲһģǶԣǺεȸ֣һ˺ֻ֣ӿ죬ﻹҾ 
ñһ˼ٴγ嵽ǰ˸ղһ򶷣͸˵ʵԼֹˣд󿪴أ޹˼ɡֻһٻʹһһξˣ 
͵ȵüˣֻûлᣬڼ˳սȦ¶˵һӵϡȻǻˣͭٵģȻһľ棬˵Ҫʹö֮࣬кӽڣӦƵס 
ʵڲǻٻˣս 
ʵǹ뻯ˡ֪˾УѲǰ⣬ÿһÿһʽʹ˿Ϸ죬ˮ©Ҹɶ뺫ӽƴһ𣬵ӺɽʵںҵֵĻᡣ˴ûֻȺսȦֻһ溫ӽ 
ӽ˿Ը˵նٺʲ˴ôʱ䣬ӽŮ֮Ҳδ䵽·硣ֻ֪˵ҪȺӽ߳ܶ࣬ʱһӽ⻹Ҫܡ 
һбӽϣյ񵲣ͬʱڵһѹºӽ֮ϼ˳ӽײȥӽѹвæֻܺһãǰֱƣȵӽòܿʱ˫յǰһͣӽӲľ˿ȥ 
Ӻɽӽʧһ۱Ҫǰȼܣһӵȴ˱˻ 
һûüǹǰɽƺһŴȹڵϡ 
Ťͷʱ֪ñӵֵܿǹ˶磬ֱŭһʱʧˡҲʵЩף֪˴ͭףǹ룬ҪǹɽСñӷ߷ߵسһۣͬҲסˡ 
ӽȵֵһԼϢ仯ϣͦǰȥ 
ӸϽסɽϻصȫش 
ҿǲˣֻȡóĵɽ˦ۼһͷݸĺԨӣСĵǰȥ 
úӽٴκˣҺĺԨ뺰һϣ㳶סΧתȦӣû뵽һյЧ̼ѱ˺üҺĺԨһӣһк˸Ͻæû뵽̫˫һţѻ˲ϡһҲãԼҵģͱǲˣˣ޷ϵһУԴת˼ȦͬʱڳֽһãžžžӦϣʣһҲŤдͷϻ£ͭñӹ 
ҺĺԨ򰡣 
ɺӽڵأ˻æпǹҲʧ׼ͷתĺڰ 
 
 




ʮһ ٻ

       ˿źӽǳĺԨֱŭɶ һ߰ɽ˿ڡһǹ˵òأļдȥˡһ߷߷ߵصô򣿶ôõĻᣡ֪֪ôΪԺжôѣ֪֪ 
ӽţش 
ߵϣʶ˵˭ 
ӽ̧ͷһۣѹˮһҲ̲סˣһſҼʹʧ 
һҺ˼׼һʱ䱻Ū޴룬ʱ̣Ҳʲô뷨 
ʵڲ֪ôοֻļ򣬵ˣˣô£л˵ɣ˵ܺܵ 
ӽһСȥˡҴ磡 
ôһ˵˶ɽеϡҲһӻȻ򣬹ֲͻȻסԭ硣 
ҹɵû£ûˣѹû˵ 
û뵽ôһ˵ӽסĿִǡ֪Ҵǰˣ 
ʲôһӴӵˣǰˣ 
ҲȻľȫǾ֮顣Ұ⣬ǰˣǸղһսûеʣǹ֮Ķ 
ĺԨܣ˾ǹܸܲǵʱôģۼ𣿡 
ӽͷˣʱүү硢ĸ绹Ҷڣۿ类ײģŵá 
ĺԨ㻹ûشôģ 
ҸеһջĺԨ̫Ҳͨ»Ʋᡣ 
ӽҵʱڲԭϣүү˵߶ġ 
ĺԨ˼صͷǾͶˡ 
ñӼԨֵʲô˼ʲôǾͶˣ 
ĺԨûñӣźӽʵ粢ûһУүүıˡ 
βñûף˶ͿˡǺӽæʵ˵ûүүıүүʲôı 
͵үүˣĺԨЦҲûŪ̫ףΪĹһģǲϧһеҪסĹ粻ҲĶô 
ӽصͷ֪˻ûס 
ӵǽô죿⶷ǲˣ 
ĺԨնȻҪҪǲĻҹѾԶˡ 
ñͻȻվǼǾͱ˷ʱˣһʱͶһΣգ 
ߣĺԨҲվ˶վñֵ̲סֻͷڵϵ϶һۣѸϸһǼ׵ذһ£ûбİ취ҲֻеȻʱٴˡ 
ǰСĵòСģȻ֪Ҫץʱ䣬ٶȴ˺ܶࡣ 
ñӺĺԨͬʱǰ棬ϵкŴҲҪ̫һ룬ʲôͻ״Ҳȫû 
Һӵӵӣ˵ղǲҲʲôż 
֪ӲӦûô 
ֵСүүΪʲôҪթأǰթˣʱ򲻻ҲĹɣ㵽ǻĹǰ׼Ӧòܰɣɰˣǰ㵽Ҳ̫ˡ 
һ˵ңҵС㻹ǲǵãǱ϶ץʱ˵ʲô 
ӵ˵˺ܶ࡭Ҽǲ̫ˣҪʲô 
ҵǱӽõʱǲǸĺ˵ǻġ 
ӡһҲˣ㵽ˡǷ˵ǰѾ㵽أ 
ҡҡͷͲ̫˵ˡ 
˵䣬߹εʯңһţŵиеյȥⰻȻδ֮󣬻ͷǵĺӽͻȻһָ 
ҺһһԾҲعͷһ֮£ɵɴ۾ 
ǸղŴŶϷȻ޴Ծ׭֣ٻţ 
ȫǾ֮ɫɶϵʫΪΪ׮̥ٻţˡ 
˿ĻʫӦָģǰͶ̥һ֮ҡٻžǰܲȻɫ 
ɺһʲô˼أˣѵ˵ûκΣգͨôأﴦΣգôᵥûΣգ 
ñӺĺԨҲһʱŪ׵ʲô˼ԥһֻüǰ 
 
 




ʮ չ

       ĺԨСһ ˴Ӧһ룬ǽ˵һ仰ˡ 
ٻŲãִһİǰխֳתȥڴҶ챻תͿʱ򣬲κ˳һ·ƽ¡ 
ʱһ֮˵ǲûʲôݣҵĸо 
󣬵װ൱ݻǽڡ񷶥϶ıڻ񣬵һ⣬Ĳɫˣڿȥջƻζɴ಻ʱһεȽ̻Ի͵ľ 
ñӺĺԨվһǽǰһЩɫȻҲˣ߲߰еıڻÿһԱ߶һЩ֣Щ֣Ӧܿ˾Ųʮ 
֪ΪʲôͻȻеһĪĿֻţû˼ȥЩҲû˼ñӺĺԨۡΪʲôͻȻָоñӺĺԨĻǶ϶شҵĶ 
Ǻ˵һҮĽʲô֮սЩһǱȽϤġҮɹ󽫣ڻһսȴ˸̡ʵҲйսʷʤľսʱֻмǧˣȴΧԮսɹʮɹռɹĹڻԣҲ˵ɹĳ衣ıڻ͸ѵЩ 
뵽Ҵв죬ñӺĺԨôȤо 
߹ȥʲôҪûʲôĻǻǱ˷ʱ˰ɣ 
ñӵĺֵܱ𼱣ҺԨֵƲ⣬û׼һλͷ 
ҵҮ 
ñӵĺֵǸղŵ̸ˣпܾҮ 
ɨ˲һȦﲢûй餰 
ĺԨȻôԣҪǲµòĻӦǰǰǸĹǰסĵطģ餵Ȼǰ 
ҵ˵⸽Ӧûиڤ 
 
һȻҲӳڣҲСˣ˵餣ĹϵһשһɳӵİûмںȻ˵иڤһλ󽫾֮ǲϸ 
˷ܵصð̫ˣүʮӾǶϱšǲɣ 
ñҲϲɫģӦòģҷͷңҪŹκ˿ 
жôš 
ȴûжҵһ֣ûע⵽𣿡 
ñӺĺԨͷϣôһ˵Ƶؿҵһ㣿 
ҵ˵ǰӦкܶƷģȻصĵȻĹĹײһƷûУǽĸ֮⣬ֱǿտҲǺܲ 
ñӺĺԨһۣ԰ôˣ 
˵ϸع۲ҲɨνǰҪǸǰӦЩİ裬֮аɣʲôûУǰտյ 
һ֣ǽں񷶥ƺйʲô˿ȥˣֻʣһһСͰӡ 
ЩñӺĺԨȴҲˡ 
ҵ˵ûпܣĹѾˣ 
ͬʱͷܣҿ񷶥ϺйһЩҹ֮ĶǱˡ 
ֵҲ˵ͨһôΣգɼ˵ãôˣôõ׼ʲô˵ı»˸ǿ 
˳Ĭһñĵص죬ˣҿҲϹˣǸϽҵڤҵ餣ʲôʱһ֪ 
ҺĺԨͷͻȻһ߽еҵˣ 
ԸϽܹȥֵϣȻһǽһŵ״ΪõĲϲ࣬ҹֲãԲĸ 
ĺԨţǺȥģ 
ϸ֮ҲòҪĻô£λǰ꣬ٷϣȻȥҲ̫ˣǹһ 
Ӳȱ˷ɽȥǽƺܼ̣ʵϲȻӼȥ¡һѿһӣ£ɵشһ˶ߵŶ 
ȻиȵѾûʲôˣʹлҲѱƣԽ۲죬˱롣 
ڤȻǰС˺ܶ࣬ϽơһڤʱԼͬǰʯ̨ϵĹȥ餸һװ룬װ룬ȫΪľƳɣȻ㲻ǼƷҲ൱㡣 
һʯ̨а׸ߣɫ̨ףҲʯɵġȻ˵Ϊ򵥣ǵⲻ̫ĵػ꣬ҲͲôིˡ 
ñӺĺԨȥҲ̶ΧȥϾǴĵһʵĹ餣Ŀ俪һ̡ 
߽һ˲ʧȷʵ˽ȵˡ餵ͷѱ˵ƿ餣ĹײҲȻָϵġ 
һ࿴һۣжЩơӻģкһ˷һʱͰѹײĸǶ̧ 
 



ʮ Σ

       ȫɵۣײȻʲôûУʬǶûУ 㶵ص⡭ǳһ 
ӣҲͿˡñӺĺԨεȷḻҲȫһͷԵӡ 
ǵģȷʵ̫ûеˣʹǰλ˰⽫굹׶ҲӦðʬҲߣĹأҪеĸˣҲ˹ءҪ˵˲ǸأҲͨϾܳɹؽ꣬ҿΣܿҲѾȫˣǻǽСɫ 
ô£ôһ߿չأ 
ñҡҡͷҲ̫ˡ 
ڹײ˸飬ëûҵܻص̫ˣүݺὭô꣬Ҳûô£ 
˵ֺ꣬ȻʲôƵģ᲻ﱾǿյģĹչף 
һ漴ҡͷĺԨҮĹⲻҲȷʵˣҲּ󶼱˵ģΪǵԤڣͻȷжϡ 
ʧصô죿ⲻ˹ҧ㡪ջϲ𣿡 
˵꣬۾һ٣̳أ˵ܹȥ˳һʧҡҡͷˣʲôûУ 
Ȼֶһꡣ 
ĺԨȻػ֮һݵϵľŴʯݣӦûа˴ػŶԡ 
ñҲһ޴ĸľ֣оŴôӦĵӦҲоŴпõĶػƣֻǡ֪ǰ˴ûб 
ĺԨǺ֮ǰѾˣԹƲҲûã˵ˣǵĿҲЩػ꣬ٺ٣ţ֮һëһϡ 
ǰ˵ûе澹Ȼɭɭ 
ͻԨǲ֪ɹ̫ĹﶼʲôҪ֪Ļ͸¶һ£һһʿҲи롣 
ĺԨεЦһ£ô֪ǺǣҲƲ⡣ˣǸϽ·ɣʱѾˡ 
Ȼлɣ˭һۿĺԨʲôΪʲôȻ˭֪Ҳ²˵ҲûӲʣֻöת߳ȥ 
ͻȻߵұϣӣֲõĸо 
ֵؿһۣҲǣղǸоǿңںûˡ 
Ҳооͺǿң֪ΪʲôǲҪʲô£ 
ҵ̫ˣСһ 
ӻ˵ʲôǰͻȻ˺ʹϽǰȥ 
ԭͭɱˣһ겻ɢ 
˿̣ñӺĺԨѺսһ˵Ĺ൱սͭӦû⡣ֵѲǰ䣬ûغϱתӣñӺĺԨãǰζˣǳ鷳ˣˣҪš 
һܣȻҲܣӽں漱ô󺰣ǧ˺ 
һѴ˲ŵһʯңʯҹģҲ൱һֱСĵ·ߣٴ·ʵǶ֪ϡͿģѱǣŴΧԹ 
ûҿʯңñӺĺԨһ֣˼غϣתܣ׷ᣬΧ 
Ҹ뺰һĪ׷ǰȥˣٶ֮죬˷˼ 
Ȼ֣ǣñӺĺԨôһ֪ǲͣҲֻҧȥ 
Զһ·ϣŲ±¡ 
ҵСˣǧӣ 
ӴţİɣɣǺӣ󡭡Ծ 
ҵ֪ԼСľˣ 
ʱִһʯң۲죬ǰ׷ȥ 
Լе⼸æʯܶһЩõҲ˲ˣֻܸñӺĺԨϵǰܣڴһһЩʤ㣬ҪǷֿ¾ֻ·һˡ 
ʯ֮ǰƻȻһ䣬ٲǰĸߴʯҵģǳһխĳȣ֪ȾͷͨҾпڰȥ˿ҲѾܽӽˡ 
׷ˣ磡Ԩ磡׷ˣ 
ƴȫһǰ˳š嵽ǰֹܵʵ̫죬Ҫһʱ׷ȴܡ 
ɽĶǰ棬ȻҲѾ˲Ծ׷Ҳǲܡ 
ܵһ룬ѿ˲٣ԽԽγһȵ״ 
ӽŲճ˼ߡಡһƿ֮Ұһãֻһظߵӳ߶ٶȿ켫ϸ룬æкһǰſڵϡ 
ӡһҲ˳ſڵϣﻹеҲ٣ү 
ǰ̫֮ǿſڵҲδʱֹסڵϻ˼ײͣ涼һɫʯ壬ôһ·ܵˣмĥˣҲ˺üƤ 
ϢһξصġҽһӡԾյض 
֪ǰôˣﰵ࣬һʱҲóȻǰ 
ӴӵҴһ 
պӽǳ̴٣һֹȻʲôΣա 
ʱû䣬ұֵ糯ӺŻ˼£˼ҡһٶǰȥ 
ĺ磡 
ǺӽһкҼæӦˣû°ɣ 
ҡû˵꣬ӽһһ⣬ֽ˼ӽûлӦ 
ֳ˼˺ӽֵ˲ҹά 
ӽô 
ҡû£Сģ󣡡ӽǰȥһȳһյģˡ 
ܵǰӹĶ磬һɴסˣ米֧һ̽Ϣˡ 
ӽҲһ֧˵òҵŵӽͷұһʹ˳ӽ൱ǿҧһҲûԡ 
˺һã̫Σˣǿߣ 
ӽȴҵĸ첲ܶ¶磡 
ҼѾˣ 
ûУ˵źӽ磬ҪϣͻȻһص˳ಡֱ˺ëһˣֻ÷һߵӽϵĶ磬ͬʱһ˺ӽ 
꣡ 
ӽĶ绹ûڵϣѱ֧УǼ֧ǹһֱֱذѺӽĶɳȥ͡һǽϡ 
磡ӽҽһһѾȥһĶаæ׷Ͻǰܣû뵽һתһȭؿϣ˼һӵڵء 
ؿڣ֪һȭ˶Ѫӿˡ 
ӽҲû뵽Լ鼱֮¾ȻһȭǽϵĶ磬ֿڵϵңһףصؿ 
ҸгһЩվźӽߣȴͻȻںӣӵȵң 
ҵǲ𣿡 
һһߵа桭йﰡ 
 




ʮ ͯ

       һйʸףⲻһδƽһ𣬵漴һ룬Ķʱ򣬻ǵ뿪ط˵ ҸϽкһסӽֵǰȥ 
ӽ˹ȣе̫ˣֻһسһ仰Ҳ˵ 
һһ˵ղĹŵ˹ 
ûע˵ЩʲôЩضôģƽ޹ʵؾԼˡ 
ӵжֲˣ໵ģҰΣʱʾһȥֲǡ 
Ϣһ㶼ڵϣСĲȵͻЩȻǣǰҺͺӽŲû£ǵվҪߵʱȴͻȻǳ۾Ƶģѵڰвݣ 
ιͱһ£㵽û˵ 
ҵ˵ʲôˣ 
Ұ˵ˣӰһ۵ʲôأ 
ҵЩôģǧС֣û׼һУ 
ӴӦһôܵô죿ʲôɣ 
ҵ˵ǰôһûˣ 
һ·СٴҪ󣬵ֱ߳ȣʲôûз 
˳ȣһƽ̨ôҰһңӦòʲôأÿϢͻȻҵĸ첲ӣ󲻶Ծ 
ô˵¿ȥԶ볤ȳڵһˣģӰڻתԲȦԲȦммӰ 
ѵñǣ 
һӣҪǰȥȴͻȻһǴѽȻûڤȣ 
ҺӶһӽүү 
ģȻֻһ棬ȴһӾȻһֱڱģ˺ӽĶ磬ӣúӽӣ 
϶־ͳӴһ 
ٺ٣ͷЦһȥȥܰô֪Сӣǵڵˣ 
Ҷǹɨɨȥʼ޷ȷǴĸ򷢳ģղ棬һֵ档 
ŭϲģ־ͳǸѶľͳүսٻغϣ˭ڵˣ 
ͷͻȻ̾˿ͣͣŵҳȥҪǶǿˡ˵̾˿ҴһͿһʱΪǾ㵽Щˣȴû뵽ҸˡȻĻٺ٣ˣ 
⻰ʲô˼ȻʱΪ㵽ˣǲΪʱӦö϶ĹˣһָĺΪʲô֪ǰ£ȴǰǷˣǹģʲôݣ˸̨׸Լ°ˡ뵽ҲԼ̫⣬ӦôǵʱӦÿˡһеΪʲôأ 
У˵㵽ЩˣĻȻˣ㵽ĲǣĺԨˣֻɲ飬Ҳǡĺ 
ҺȻеһ£ҪǡҲĺĻҺҲѾˡ뵽ֲеһ˿ҡ 
ȵȣӦýнĺԨĺҲĺʼɹ̫ĶģΪʲôǣΪҪܶôˣôˣ 
ҪΪֺã¸ߣ͸˵ͨˣҺӲŸճûʲôͷҲûм֪ǡ 
ˣȫˣҸееһжһ飬ҲҪϢ 
Ӽҳ˼ãк϶ʧˣ 
һعһҺȻ뵽˺ܶ顭С֣ǿһ󵱡 
ӾôˣǽĹһ˵˰ɣ 
ҵǣǹģһû̫ס 
һȻ̷Ϊʲô¶أ¶С¶뵽ʲôˣ 
̾һôС¶أû׼ǵͷˡ˵Ҳ˵Ҳʱҵˣ˵ôˣȾˣ 
ӴӦһ˱סӽǰȥ 
ߵǰһҺӶɵһ 
ǰģģתȦӰǰ˸ͯӣΧмģȻñӺĺԨˣɽǱ·˶ദѪAKţԼѾӵ˵ڵϣ֪ǻ 
ӽ˼Ȧе˶š 
ҵˣģ 
ӵ⵽ʲô 
ҵǡͯ󣡡 
ӿŰ˸ŴǿɰСһԹԲˣôõĺӣôˣŪһ˼ˡĶŪôͯӣ 
ҵһ϶ģû׼Ǹ̫ͯͯŮǧͨ˲ǡ 
ӵô죿ƲҪˣ 
ҵҲƲˣҪȫĻǿ϶ȫûˣ棬Ӧÿ 
ӵȦˣ˵ôƣ 
̾˿˸ͯվǰԵλǬ㡢롢ޡңֻһλһֱڲͣתȻҲתھȷĸš 
ӵǾ˵ϻ˵ǰҸϽһס̫ 
Ȼסˣʵһʱȷˣִ̧ǹ˸ְϡ 
ӳԾȻǵǹ밡û˵꣬˸ͯͻȻֹͣתǵһٿǰȥٶޱȣñAKһӴͯϣͯӲ֪ʹñһǹͷñӸȥñǹҲܣ˱һңͯҲûϣҧҧñӲǳͯһ 
ͯӹ˻һߵһͯȴȥɽ 
ҰסͯӵλãΪͯվĿ϶λһ֣ñӺĺԨ˵ı£ῴֻҪټһҾͿԿˡ 
Ӽӣٺȥʰľͻˡ 
һ벻ͯŪ֮һĿȻҺӡڼҲûãֻܼס 
ת֮ĸͯӸһȦɽĹǰϻܹˣû֮ǰǲ֪Ѿס˶ٴνټϸղͯӵĵӣ˿̵ɽǿ֮ĩͻȻ£ȻѪԼǲˡ 
ӵ죡 
ʱһͯӹǰȥĺԨͦǹӭϡ 
Ｑеˣ죬ټ 
û뵽ͯӹ꣬˸ͯת 
ʼһܴ¼סղͯӵλãת˼Ȧ֮ѾȫͿˣ˸ͯӱһģһתû꣬Ҳֲˡ 
ҲˣŽеô죿ô죿 
һ취ûУҪӲĿ϶УӲҲӲЩǧͯӣΪƷȻǼ˷ģǱģˮǻŵʱͷŵסȵλùȥģЩͯĽֲ֮һʱ֮ʵ벻ƽİ취 
Ӽڵ϶ţҲòˣԽԽ벻취 
ӺȻըҩвУ 
һըҩת˼תҪըҩ϶˵ñӵˣҪõĻûˣ㲻Ҳø۽ȥ 
뵽Ҵе죬ըҩһҪƺü 
ת׼ըҩʱ˸ͯӵתֹͣˡ 
죬ӣҼ 
ӽŵֶڷ߶µذŪըҩ 
ʱͯӵһֽʼˣ׵Ļñӣɽñӻǿ֧ţɽѵ˼ޣֻͯһصȥڵϡ 
һ̱ͯҪӵϣҴһӣϣ 
 



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       Ҵ󺰣̳ǹʵĸ еñӺĺԨһͯӹȥһߣ˴򷨣Ѿλˡ 
ҴеĸУ 
ȻѾҵţǾͿԲܲˣǴڻͯӵעǡ 
뵽Ҹٲԥ˫˫ԾС 
Լ󣬻ǹ㲻߶ʮһͻҪƽʱ϶УڵȴҪôôһ壬˿Ϸͯʱˡ󷨵֮λúôһңȻۿۡ 
һߣȫͻΧñӺĺԨͻȻоѹļСͷʱ϶Ծϲ֮飬սøˡ 
ȻңͯҲǺöԸģЩͯӶǾ⴦ģǹ룬ȻȫԸһʱҲκǲá 
ӻ̻ɨһʱɱ𣬲ɷ֮ 
ʹǺӽ̸˳֣ЩȻӲǱϾͷСûжٷͯӣ벻Чí׼һҹȥʱҲһǰĳҵƺŪԼǹƵģôһȴ»һһͯӱҷڵءȻһҲûۣڹЧ˵ֵõġ 
ȻҲú죬ûʹ죬Ϊۺ졣 
ǹһͯӣ̲סӣˣˣ 
ôеתһҲã绢Ӧսپٽ֦ 
ҵã 
ӻӵһͯӣҲҿһ⹦Ѹٵؽ 
է˷ܹȣһ𣬡һֱһͯӴõɳ׿⡣ӹֽһԽսԽ¡ 
һһӦתȥñӺĺԨԴӼ˾ǣǴڻΪУһʱҲɫ 
ĺԨȥǣ 
ҵͷתȥɽбڵϣһһڳ鴤ҷɽؿһۣһ˿ЦЦˣ 
ҵ˵˵һһסɽĸ첲һסӲϡϣû˿ԡ 
ɽŵһߣȥˣѾˣһڣؽǰһƬ죬Լ˲ѪȻ˿ڣ֪ЩͯӶͷײΪһ˺صˣ˿֪óɡ 
ҰıɽϷźãٿʱβ޶ĹۣȻ˸ͯӱѲˣҲ˲ͯӣĸͯӱ򵹣ٴӵ˴ôʱ䶼˸ͯȴ֪ƣۣȥҲҪˣ 
ӻսñӺĺԨҲסһͯӣ൱Ĭ˫ǹһգţͯһԶԶ˳ȥ 
ҳ嵽Ǳϣô죿ôȥǰ취 
ñӵӣӣ 
ᣬصñӺĺԨıҳɽӵһ𣬴ˮֽᣬ£ȷɿ֮󣬷ԾС 
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ñӿҳĺԨһһӵһͷסַ˺һ򣬲ŰѰ˸ͯһӻһأΧͯת˼Ȧһͷźսս˸ͯ黨 
˶һñӺĺԨȥ鿴ԼֵܵƣҲ߻ȥӽôˡ 
Ӹ߻һߵӣЩͯӾô𣿡 
ҵﻹô죿㲻ǮˣҪҲϰɣ 
ӵȻǣܾðǷﲻģһأ 
ô˵Ѿа취ˣҵԸŽƣ 
ӡٺ١Цըҩүƺ÷֤ǻҷ𣡡 
룬˰ɣ̫ˡ 
εҡҡͷʵҲìܣҪըЩͯӣһҪըǣĲ̣ǱΪѳƷѾǸˣ϶ӣ͸ӿҪһӾըǣʵ²֡ 
ӽ̱ڵϣǰһЩľľģ۴ֱ 
ñһߺϽʰһ£ǿߣ 
ȴͻȻֵؿһۣ𣿡 
Ƶصʲô 
ӼﰡǰĹˣ 
˵꣬ñӺĺԨһãߣ 
˴æʰһ£ұϰӽñӱģĺԨסɽӱñӵı¼ǰȥ 
໣໡ 
ˣʲôҰڽСƺԶϸȴԽԽ󣬲һĳѾҰޱܵƺƴڣҰ޵Ŀ 
ҶŻˣǱǷģԱ࣬ʵ߲졣 
ӱͷת˵һһˣҲսս߱߻ͷ޲ñҲһ˫۾źá 
ʱһšºȻһ׵ĺǰǾӣֻǲ֪Ϊʲô߹ӣػأһֱΧӴת 
ӳˣ 
һͷ¶ʮֻӰѸٵس߼ֻǾ뻹ԶְʲôҰޣеǡ 
ҵӣװըҩը 
ñ̷񶨵ɣըŵʱҲˣľ壬ľƵˣ 
ӵھ͵ƣ˵ŶȥңһЧҲûУɼаľ嶼̶ģһʱŪ 
˶һۣص˵ͷڹ˲·ˣֻȽǰ˵Щ׷ϣԴڵӣʵڲʲô 
Ҵ󺰵ըҩ 
ô򣬹Ѿ嵽ǰսͯĵط۵Ĺ⿴ȥһȺ񹷲ǹǲǵĶклƣͷСţСǺˡ 
Ҷôﵽﶼͣߵʱ򣬹ͻȻַˡ໣໡һȺﶼΧһ𣬻ҧߴ׳˶壬ɭɭӯӯ׺Ŀ⣬˿һξ͸еⱲӶˡ 
ñͻȻʵ 
Ҳѿˣñʹʧ 
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ʹҡҡͷֲֶֿĵ뻹úӽǲ壬ȻֳĶܵˣ 
뵽ӽͻȻһҲѾ 
 
 




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ʱЩѳʬ壬һѪͷ̰۾ꡱشٴѭټ׷һӻͷװըҩӣ 
һɲʱ˽ǰæŪըҩ嵽̾һղšղûֲ̫̫ˣ 
ҳǿˡǵЩʲôĹôֶװըҩȻҿǾȫˣ 
ظǣؼʱ̻ÿү 
˱˵߳ȴ׷ᣬмֻͷĹԼѾ׷ͷˡ 
ƣʵôʱˣôը 
ͻȻ˸һŵˣ˽ˣ 
㡪һʱ˵Ҳһȫ˲ѹֲҶһ޵ĿֻС 
ñӾصҿҲˣ׼ƴɣ 
Ҷǹתؿ˷һǰĹӿһ׳ҵС 
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Ҳ׷ǹɽҲ⣬ڴ˭ˣԽǵҪಫʱоľͲǿֲˣޱȵķŭޱȵı׳ 
ȣȰȡ 
ĵɲʱصһ𣬵ĵĿھȷʵ̫СˣײжӴĹЧԣһдˣܽһֻ״ 
ǿ籩ӵҲ׼ŭ˹ֽţ໡֮ڶһտ}쳣 
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˴ӦһԱ߳ˡ 
磬磡 
˶רעڶԸûĵĽ 
磡 
ĴһһþеҲƺˣؿñӼϡ 
ñӾŵزͷģôˣ 
ĵ磬Ҳˣǣһǹɣ 
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˾ǺƣѪյĺӣҲΪ֮顣 
ըҩûŪףòУôһ˵̲סֵ˵ֻҪһڣҲģ 
ĸмؿһۣתñӵûˣԼԼ֪㲻ЩҲˣ磬ͳȫֵܰɣ 
ñͷ΢죬һҡҡͷУѾֵˣҾ 
ĵͷϢػͻȻ͵ƿñӣȥ 
ֵܵΪ°ɣ 
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ñӸмؿһۣӵȴҲζԼһȻıڷʳҲ൱ɱġ 
ӵļʾοһкһϽǰȥղŵôһѽߡ 
ɽȻĺúܶ࣬ҲģղۿΪ˲۴ҶɱȻζʵ˵֣Ϊ˴ҶԸһƵ˿϶û湶ˡ 
Ҳ˵ʲôĻϽȻڵΣգһ·ߵǰ滹δ֪ΣգǻҪһԣ˭벻˭֮Ҳ˭ˣ 
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æп񱼣һʱŲ·ȵоĹʱ׷ʱŸͣ۲һλá 
ӶŵϽʵʯ壬ģҲûע⣬ܵôطˣ˵棬ʲô 
Ĵ˿˵ʲôڣ̫ˣϹ߲ã 
ñһӣִ˼ҿǻܣºЩһ׷ˣЩӱȹʹ 
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ҵըҩĲ࣬ʡŵðȥû׼ȫÿըҩùǵ·Ƕ𣿡 
һ漴лУţ 
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Ȼռܴ󣬲ʲôأûбˣҲȴоһΣ죬ΧǱʲô޷Ԥ֪Σա 
ͻȻ˲ݣԴڹ֮ΪڳչҰ˲ݷŵ˱˺գ˲ôˣȻҲˣȻһֱûҡ 
뵽̷ȡ±һŵָϽˣӿΪ˲ݲ֪ʲôʱѾ۶ˣڱġ 
ҿʲôñͻȻǰ溰 
ҿ첽ܹȥȴһʯһ״ϸ߲ʯ棬һЩͼΣһЩһ֣˭ϲ 
Ǹʲôõģ 
ñӵͼ 
ĺԨǣҲδءһֽͣ͵Ȼ嶼ͼڳݣﴦ͸ŹŹ֣ñ׶Ķ½ۡ 
һĺԨô˵ʱһ֮УڴҲǽԼƲ˵ûʲôۡνƤһһ˼ƶ̶˼Ƴһһ䣬ҽԵ뷨յһû׼ܵõʲôõĶĺԨȴһ߸ϵӣ㲻ñ˵㵹˵ʵԵĶ 
ӵˣҿҲûʲôãǻǿҸطϢɣ˵ү㲻ˣҲ۵ 
ҲⶫϽϾӵҲǣǻץɣһ϶һս 
˶ͷҪǰߣȴͻȻһ 
 



ʮ Ͷ·

       Ǳ˵ģǰͯʱҺĻ֡϶ ֻû뵽ѽǾȻûǲСҪҹĿ࿴ˡǺĹǣ׼ʲôأ 
Ӵޣϲģͷڹ˵ֳ˵ 
϶ûлӦӣԹԵصǵɣ 
϶˵ʱǶϢȴǴĸ򴫳ģҲŻ飬æȥʱȻ˷϶ͷԲ󣬿ÿһÿһ䶼ޱȵشǵĶС 
ĺԨͻȻԪ㲻װŪΪЩû֪ô 
ĺԨ˵ЩγԾ˴ǰ֪࣬ػ˸һ֪Һ϶棬ʲô֪Ǵ˿̣ĺԨȻһӾͽг϶֣ǰʲôûиܲԾ 
ǳԾǷŭһֱƭĸоñӵĸܴҲҲ࣬Ҫ϶ڸǼ̾ҪĺԨ˵ס 
ĺԨ˵һ仰֮󣬶ԷȴͻȻû˶һûˣΪ϶Ѿʧʱ϶ 
ٺ٣ĺˣΪͻʲô³ 
֪϶治ķλԲˣֻרע˵ݡ 
˵ĺԨ˭һǳ֮ˣôһأһʲôû뵽У᲻϶ǣһ·ҵĵ˵ˣھʣǼˣҪڲ֮ٳʲôӣǻܻܲųȥͲ˵ˡ 
ֻĺԨֵΪ˵ЩЩ˶ֱӺģڵƵͷϣụ́ 
̲סˣ϶ҪеԾͱٺˣӻ㿴Ůڶ㺦ʲôˣ 
϶ʹصӣŮ 
ñŭģʱԪ޹飬Ϊ˱һֵؿЦʵ޿̣һȥģǹһӵ 
ǹֹЪ˿¼ž֮С 
ִһ٣Ȼ϶Ѳˡ 
ĺԨ˭϶˵Ļʲô˼ȴͻȻˡɳɳȥڳɣҶ˭֪϶ǡ 
ǹͬʱһСģ 
䣬ɳɳԽԽ࣬в֪˭һɤӣЫӣ 
ҵͷһûĶʲôЫӣ֪ģдСʬˮһΧ£ 
ߣĺԨһѷɽʱķ򷴳ȥ 
ȻѷǳҲû취֪ҪԶǶ࣬ڸʵǲǰ취İ취 
ӱܱߺģûйײģôʬ 
һңҽźӽһһߵûйײģ֤ûʬ壬̫аˣҲи벻Ķ 
ʬٶȳÿ죬ǰǸûע⣬ȵɳɳѾ˷ӿˡҷźӽӽŲ㣬ʬ˳ĿϳſҪۣǹҵˣоա 
˵ʲôñӴˣñӵҿЩʬǴӵصģҲЩʯйŹ֣ 
źӽ㿪ֻͷ˶ʬпܣ̫ˣܾʲôطԾû뵽Ȼðôʬ 
ñӵһ벻ס֪ʬϲԵĻ⣬Ի˲ôеģһֱǱڵ£ҲûеͻȻܳԸǰ 
Ҳ벻ͨͻȻ⻹ýͣûЩ𣿿϶ЩʬЩһǱ̬϶ģ 
һ룬 
ñתʵԨֵܣ㵽׶Ĺ֪٣ʱˣǲǸøһЩˣ 
ĺԨǰ棬ñôͷҲصص֪һЩڲ˵ʱ򣬵ǵ˰ȫĵطұ֤ԭԭظߴңڿңǱҪ 
ȻñʳˣҲʡҵĿˮˣĺԨһˣɽѾûսˣҪ˺ƤҲûʲôµģҿʱ˵Щʲô 
ôţһ˼ǰϣʬƵĽ׷ᣬɳɳֱ̣﷢ëʵڲ顣 
һϵʬ٣һЩϡϡģеʯķ϶ñ˵ûЩʬȻǴӵġϸ۲죬ԭЩʯÿһ϶õˮһʯ棬ǸʲôڣôôʬУʲôʬôЩͻȻ֮ըһ׷أ 
ʬϡ٣еǰҲǺϸõù˳̧ű㽫һһ߷ɳȥͻȻоԣߵĺѾǻȥ·ˣղźԪ˵Щ̲סеĺԨҪȥĶ 
ñӺһҲپԣͣסŲĺԨعͷһۣԭ·ȥǲңǱˣ 
ôһ˵ַֹѵǺԪǣϾھ㺦ǣǶĺԨҲ޺ô 
һԥ˻ǽĺԨȥôһٿ񱼣൱ǲ֮ûգҹȥˡвˬģһұأ 
߲ʱǰʬԽԽ࣬Ϊôһû뵽ԽԽԾʬͷ࣬м䷴١кٵͷмܣȴͻȻ䡱һһǽˡžñһҺ 
Һëᡱһ¾ˣһ·Ȼûǽ⡰䡱һȴУԲǴԶġñһҽУѵڵˣ 
ҷӦӴ󱬺һϡ 
һæͷȥͼһֻ޴ʬʹؼסñӵȥñһڵץһʹȣ˦ޱǯӡھޱԱ߲ԶһʯȻڵϣȻղš䡱һǽǾޱʯ壬ʯڵϷġ 
ҷźӽûǰæֻðγǹŻսǶȥһʱҲ޷ǹ 
ĺԨǰ󺰵죬ҿ죡 
ֱϣޱȥǾޱξ޴һװ볤þˣ˹˫һ˦ñ׿ñ۵ôһСҪϴϷ׷ȥʬҲ˲ˣԼ۵˼㡣 
ñ˦֮󣬾ޱ˲ףٶ֮죬˷Ӧӵһڵϣһ֮һƬʯм֪˶ 
ҷźӽ˻ȥñӸϿϵʬôһ򣬼ֻʬѾñӵĵɽװҧ˺ü 
Ҽ򶨵㣬򶨵㣡磬𣿡 
һñֹͣŤҧܣ˵ֳڵϣȴһһֻʬϣñץʬݺ˼£ֱҳ侲 
ñŤͷӺӱսǿߣ 
ޱһҺӦһսˡ 
ʱʬԽԽ࣬ٴȥŵĵطûˡҺñӾĺԨλȥ˵Ǿ죬ʵܵúñСˣһȳһյģǽŵ¼ʬһҪϵشӽϵʬǱ 
ܵǰ棬ĺԨվ֮䡣Ǿһʱһֳִȥ 
ҺܿΪ뷨еЦô뷨˵͹͹һӲ˵Ҳȥ 
˵ĺԨתʯ֮䡣Ǹȥſԭѵ˴棬ڸߴǽϣȻѾһʯţ֪ǲĺԨʲôء 
ӣһͷкӣȴ֪һֻʬֻһһңֱñֻм֮޻֮ 
ҰѺӽñӵչһ£˵ժ²ǹ̵Ҫȥȴñһסˣֱ˽ʯ 
ȥñӴ󺰵 
УһƿñҪس壬ʯȴ֨һˡڹŵһɲǣҿʬһһĺһӿ 
ӣҴһȥʯţʯ˿ 
һعͷĺԨشǽһϻؿҡ 
 
 




ʮ Ͷ·

       ĺԨҪҪǣ ȥģҰѲǹһˤҪǰȥĺԨƴñһӺǰ嶯 
һѲñӣϣȭĺԨϴȥĺԨ΢һͷܹҼץ࿪ʹһȭĺԨһ漴ǰ壬üҸײҼæԾͬʱԴû뵽ĺԨײУҶ֮͵һһһšҳȣʱſȥ 
ſϵһ̣Ҹоϵһɣץסǰ壬һǰĺԨӰΣһûվϵĽŲҲվˣҲתýǰʹһɨȣĺԨһسšַһҽţһֱȭؿڡ 
ĺԨ֧أȻȣһȭǾ㲻ȥġû뵽ĺԨٵоȷʵҶö࣬һȭ㲻㲻㣬ҽҪؿʱȻͬʱץסҵһĺ׹֮ϤתƵҵϡ 
һȭʹ˴ټϻƲסǰһſڵϣֱˤѪӿ춼 
ñӿ򶷸һ䣬ˣԼ˴ʲô벻ųȥˣ˵ҪңĺԨƿˡ 
ĺԨߵұϣҲ㶯ֵģ̫ʶʱһθƽ͵˵Ҫ١ 
ʯţصһشӵ 
嶯ĺֵܣǧ嶯ԴΪأñӿǹĺԨϣҲһ 
ĺԨǺ侲ޱصҪҲأ 
ҵŲһǹ㣿 
ĺԨЦҪңұ֤˭ҲųȥŲţ 
ҲЦǲˡ˵˼ǹƣȷһ˵ 
ñͻȻ侲һ㣡ĺֵܣ侲һ㣡 
ĺԨƺ׼ҲɱһǰӵǲǲˣУܰѺӽҲ𣿡 
ĺԨôһ˵ˣҪҾôȥ϶̾ͻŹϡҡӽô죿ǿ϶չҪǴĻ˵ˣ¡ 
˰ɣĺԨһѲҵǹмصҿ㻹ʵŰɣʱʲôӢۣӢôõ𣿡 
һģñȥñûлرҵ񣬺ϵؿңҡҡͷ 
ҪʱɽͻȻӵվ磡ղĺֵֵܺǾȹǣǰﲻҲͰˣûĺֵܰɣǰɲôǵģҪȥӣǻɣ 
ĺԨ͵תɽＸҪһֵˣҪȥɵĻȥɣ˵û㣡˵ֵǽϵĵϣתȦתȦʯš֨ġһˡ 
Ҹмؿɽһۣתǹȥ 
ȥһʬȻˣֻʣǵļֻҲӡҴ˼ûлӦɵ̽ 
ҸϽԭ·ȥ߲ԶϺһֻԴĴʬҼӿŲһ·ţֱҵ棬һӵ棬˾һʬһСɽһΧǸͼʬסţž͹״˶˿־塣 
˳һر棬űþˣ첲ûһһ» 
ӣӣһ˼Ӳǿ۾ؽӣһֻһأʬѾԶˡ 
סҺһһڴ˼ԲߡֻаʬУôأȻһЩѾĶΧʯϡҪӾ϶̾ͻʬʬԵƤëʣ 
ȻһѪԣѪҳɡϻһӣѪ˸첲͵ѻɽʬ˦ȥһ˦һתȦӣԱ㾡ܵʬע⡣˦̺˺üռ 
ֵ鷢ˣԭײеʬѪͻȻ̷֮׷ȥ񱻷һһ֮ΨֲӡһܣֻҪЧУڹܲôˣʬܵòˣһ嵽棬һӼŪʬһ㡰ˢһ»һѣȴһƨڵ£û 
ҸϽƿӣܡվһɾӲ汼Ϯһߣһͷʱֻǰֻʬֻǯҳ 
ҰƿԼҲһߣľһӡǵֽһӵҲû˷ѣȫ˾ޱĿھ̫СԸִ͵ѪȻò 
Ƕֹһ¾ޱĹƣǰȥޱٶȳ̫࣬ܳԶٴ׷һת˭֪󣬾˦˳ȥˤڵϣ۵ýлͣ 
ڹ˲ӣתŴ̵Դޱ󣬺ңһѵĹǶȡһѪѧôҲҴ⣬ƶҲͣر任λá 
ॡॡ 
ĥʯűղһˤˤˡ 
ӣӴҵͷΣ 
һ߽ŵעžޱһߵղűʯϣôʬΧ㣬϶ʬˡںЩ𣿡Щ֪˶⣬ɢʬǷͬСɣȻҲڰѬ˹ȥ 
ߵұϵеΣս 
ҵˣߣҵ󣡡 
ӴҡҡͷУ㲻֪ղҶΪˡ˵ʲôҲܰ㶪£ǲս 
ҵͷֵܣ 
˵Ĺ򣬾ޱȻһˡΪ˹ܣҲкȥû뵽Ǽһһ˼һӵϵһöڵһҺ 
ƿӣû뵽Ҳƿңһ˭ҲûаƿޱѾϮֻóǰһ˾ޱ󡣲Ⱦޱתʹ̵֮ƹޱޱӴ󣬲ܼʱתͷһƺҲ֪Σսᡱһǰֱܳס 
ҺӶ˸գ׷ȥ򣬵סˣھսʱ˵ƿޱǰȥ 
ܲʱޱ׷򷨸ǰһģһսˣؿĺԨñڵʯ 
ֻû뵽ղҳʱտҲʯſڣѾʬΧˮйͨñӺĺԨعߣ˶ѹ˲ʡ 
ͻȻеǳھΣһָм֮飬ĺԨĲҲһɨˡ 
 



ʮ Ͷ·

       ҿҲ룬ӶԸޱĹֱ۵˿Ϻݺ˼£ոϵ˿ֱˣѪ˿˿ һȥǺ飬ֱñӺĺԨɵˣҿʬѾɢæһӣһԾʯ֮СĺԨں棬ֻ߳ʬһʯӦϡ 
һ˲õһϢĻᡣ 
ǽһ˲ 
һ˶ģֱүᡣ 
ҿ˺ӽһۣҲǽϣڷΪʱ̫ˣΣտֻ಻١ 
ĺԨñҳЩʳҷųˣֺЩˮñӵԨֵܣǲǸ˵˵ˣ 
ĺԨɨӴһۣͷڴóһӵݸñӡ 
ͼñӾ 
Ҳһæչȥ 
ĺԨ͵ʵⲻǵͼΪ̫ȷˣһ滹͸¶һЩϢ 
ꣿñָϽһͼʵ 
ԣĺԨ棡 
ñԷӣһҲɾסˣĶһһͼҪϸʱͼȴֱģ·ˮī˽һ 
ñҲͬĸоͣر任ŽǶȣǻȴҲһۿʱôˡ 
ô£ñüͷʵ 
⡭Ҳ˵Ϊ⻭ͷ̫ãҴһָĻ滭ɣˣֻڵһۿʱ˺ԽԽģ 
£ҲĪҶǵڹģԵҲ裬ǰ˵йкܶ༼ûֱ£ܽû⻭ڵάͼΣԭβһ 
ñӵ֪⻭ģ 
⡭ĲҪĺԨ֧ؼ͸¶Ϣ 
ñӼ˵Ҳٶʣָͼһλõ˵겻ĺԨشԼҡҡͷԣ 
ĺԨְͼϣҪȻô֪иʯأ 
ñӵ˵ȴͼϿʯŴǵģ⡭񰡣ԽԽ񡣡 
ĺԨԽԽģҲһֱûиǵԭȻŻ֪ҲǺܶࡣ 
ñӰͼĺԨ㻹֪ЩʲôԪ˵ô£ 
ҰһȻϵñʵҲҵɻ 
ֻĺԨ̾˿صô飿 
ñӵͻȻñ䣬Ҳ̾˿û취ֵܣ˵ӦӦһ 
ĺԨͷʵ㻹ǲǵôͯסģ 
ñӵ㻹ûشҵ⡣ 
ĺԨڻش⡣ 
ñüͷʱͭǣһ·׷ȥͱͯסˣǡ𣿡 
ĺԨҡҡͷͭһιǰ治һһߴһˣ˵ĵȴö࣬ȥ׷˵￴һ̵ۣͷҲҵ֮һΪʱһеͭ׷ȥôжûзӦ 
ĺԨΪʲôʱǶû뵽һֱ׷ȥأ 
ñüͷͷһϸܵĺ顣ҲóԾѣһһʡĺԨô֪ģʹڣĺԨñӻǲΪʲôᷢ£ñӵı£Ȼ벻ǡ벻ȥ룬Ƕμ䱻Ĩһ˵ʲôֹȥ롣ôΪʲôĺԨȴ뵽 
ñɫһЩʵǲʲôа 
ĺԨͷǹŭĹƣĵķŭʧȥǡ 
ñĺԨô˵ҡҡͷ֪Ҫ 
ĺԨִñӵĻʵǼĹҪرķ¹ƣŭĹƣҲֻҪһ£һۣͿѾˡ 
ñصͷʾͬ⣬˳˼ʧʧҵ 
ô֪ģĺԨظһҵ⣬Ϊֹ֪ȻеʱѻȻº󷴹һȻˡ 
ҵͷнŽɡʵʵӦΪʲôºȥ룬ñôû뵽ûо֪ôһ£ֻƾƲ⣬ĺԨô˵Ȼ޷ܵĲ֣Ҳȫ޵ 
ĺԨ˵һ˼ӣǵļ򣬵ղźԪܾܿͶĹƣߡˣ֮ǣɱ֮Ϊֻ֪ҪǴҶһûô׽һٴܡԣǵĴɾǻɣλҵ˼˰ɣ 
ҺñӶͷеˣѵ˵ǰҵķǽĹƵĻϵģǻɹ黳ɣĺԨжǼٵģ˵ĻҲǼٵģҲɴƲǵûĹƣһܲܗԼжϣ˹ƣʲôʱеģҵжϻжʵģһл᲻ǡĺԨģһֱƭǣŭĹǧȷģܿ϶ 
ʹҡҡͷ벻ȥˣԽԽ÷˼ҲԽҺͲʵ 
ñƺҲͬ״üͷšһˡ 
˳Ĭһʱ䣬ҲϢòˣñӱк׼һӲ̡ 
˯㣬ӶˡӰ죬ߺ޵ؿһۡ 
Ҷ׼ãĺԨȥתת˼£ʯź޶ 
һӴʱˣôǡڹϻȴͻȻʧˣ 
»úԪƻˣĺԨ 
ñӵôأû 
ĺԨֱӽĽṹͺܸӣڶ࣬ҺܶطͨپԪô꾭Ӫﻹôô𣿡 
ҵȷʵôأԨóͼɣǷбĳ· 
ĺԨҡҡͷûˣ翴ǼʱһʱϢֻһţ·ˡ 
һʱ˶תתȥߵʯűãҲҡҡͷһöƣҲˣʮִֺϿףӲĻҲꡣ 
ôأ㿴ҿ㣬˭ûа취ĺԨֻóͼοȥȫģһƬһ۵Ҳûˡ 
ͻȻʲô 
ҪϸʯȴͻȻҵضһֻץס˲ͣҡһ˻æǽԽԽңǿǽȻվȣα𵽵ϣԶԶػȥҪôȥֻҪӣʯҾͻᱻˡ 
 
 




ʮ 

       ӰӶǽϣһδα𵹣ɾġˣ һʱҲ㲻Ǵﴫģֱǵشӣȴһӱû˳ȥ 
ɽӽѱùʯҵ룬µֹ 
һߣĺԨץסתתȥģΪԿɴӵϴ򿪡 
ñһ߽ƽ⣬һסõQıװԽԽǿңԹҲϾĶչ˵ùװ˱ö߻صʱȴͻȻһֹͣˡ 
ֹ̫ͣͻȻûͻȻһӶסˣŵĻţſŵĻſţŵĻţץס˻ץš˲ɵһʱͿˡ 
ɽڵϣͻȻָ¡ˣ 
˾긦ﻹ̵ûɽһʲô˳Ͽȥʱŵȶˡ 
񷶥½ 
ͻȻߵøͻȻͻȻһ룡 
ζû뵽ʱ˵飬ҵ˵顣 
ˣеؾǰȻоҲգȴһĻᶼûУһתضûУ 
񷶥½ѵмλá 
ҺȻеΧ쳣䣬ͻȻһӱͶ˱ѣ˻ģҵһűըֻĶģ˿˿ð֫ͷԷ衣 
ͻȻӱһ𣬷˷һʯȥһǹǽߣһְѲǹӵϡֵ﷭ţĶӵضǡ 
֪ӲģҲģ˭Ҳģһ뵽ôͽͣһⲻҪѹҾͻһûС 
ҲһֻĺԨڲͣתŵתתȥҲûãҪǺԪ˻أǷɱǲˣôǴٴʯţ 
һδȻڵϡ 
һͳһըҩ˴һۣҶ˵ҡҡͷҶǹʱ򹴹ָҲˣҪըҩǲֱըûô񷶥ѹҲ࣬ȫʬΡ 
ʱ񷶥ѵ˵λãĺԨϽԣԡ죬ǽϵĵȫѹˡ 
ѹϵ֮񷶥ͻȻӿٶȣۿ͵ͷϣһͻȻٸн԰۾һգһӣ񷶥ȴٳû 
һüһڵϣ񷶥ҵĶͷʮף 
һ񷶥ͻȻͣסˣһʱ䶼нٺĸоɽȻ 
ʱͻȻִ˺Ԫ 
ôλ֪оΣ 
һҪƿڴҸϽס죬һзһְŵģð˵϶⡣ 
ֻĺԨԪǰ˵㵽ô 
ԪЦһǰ˵ƤĹˡ 
ĺԨŭ˵ϻƨţ 
ԪЦһ󣬲ŵףô 
ĺԨףڻк׵ʱ𣿡 
ԪȻУǰСңҷһ·һ׬ˡ 
ĺԨûлشȻ˼ʵҶ֣⺫ӽǻ϶Ͳϣôڵˣ 
ĺԨҪǲأ 
Ԫñ䣬ǻѡ𣿡 
ߣĺԨߵûУˡ 
ԪŶҵ 
ĺԨո߹ǵģôôˣ 
ԪŭѾһ㻹ô 
ĺԨټԪ溣 
ԪҪҲأ 
ĺԨЦ͵òӽ 
ĬһԪðɣҴӦ㡣 
ĺԨȷǳȥ 
Ԫ 
ȷǳȥ 
˼ζûлӦ϶ˡ 
ҿĺԨΪʲôͻȻҪӽ϶Ϊʲô 
ĺԨȲˣǽƾͼƣȳȥ˵ñҲͷ 
ҵʰΪֻƶʵܣӹ֣Ƥ񷶥ˣֻŲ˲ﻹʵҳȥƥ򣡡 
ʰ˴Ҷűƶȥֻʯſ 
һȴ޶ʱȴͻȻһֱֱ׹ȥΪٶ̫죬Ǻ׼һӺһȵ䵽ףҲصˤһǡ 
䵽棬ҵǰһΪͻȻ˻⣬̫ˡʱȴǰľ󾪵˵ 
һԲε̨ӣֱ׶ࡣ̨ǰһʮҵĴԣÿ׾һʯʯĶ˷Ż裬ܵĻӻа֮ߡľͷȻһ߸ߵĳ¥һվڳ¥ϣ˫֣ӦþǺԪ 
ޣһڣƥʲôã 
Ԫ·û˵ЦˣǾͰ˷˰ɣ 
ĺԨԪأ 
Ԫҿǻͬʱ˰ɣҪȻ˭ҲŲ˭⽻׾ûˡ˵ŰԪ溴ק˳ 
Ԫ溣ñӴһԪҲߵΣ챻һ鲼סˣãֻһ 
ĺԨԪû£ͬãһλͬʱˣ 
Ϊ˵ʲôףֻȨ֮ƣһҪˣȻӿһϵĸо 
쿪첲ǰ棬СĺԨ㲻˵ٻô£ 
ĺԨд㣡 
ҵʲô㣿ֲ˵ 
ĺԨͷȻ˭Ҳȥˣ˵ҰƵһߣԺԪڿʼ 
ҼҲź϶Źǣ֮ǰôԴӡŮҲˣͻȻף϶ı 
ĺԨû˵ñӿĺֵܣѵĿԪ溰װ׵𣿡 
ҡ 
һʱҵȻĿԪԪǶôɰһСܾײףȻ˵ϵﲻסһʱ֪ôźá 
ŤͷӽӽǰӣԺġĺԨȥӽ¥ҲӷԪ溡ĺԨ˺ӽһ£ӽǰȥ 
 



ʮһ ޵

       ҵìܵ㣬ΪֲΪΪΪ Ҳ۰Ͱ͵ĿźӽǰȥñӣҲܸӡϾӽȹңȻǻүүǺ£ʵ˭֪ǡԪΪʲôͻȻҪغӽױĵı 
Ҳ٣϶̫ˣͻȻһ䣬žǹ׼ 
̧ͷһ¥ϲ֪ʲôʱѾվһŹ֣һһһ׶೤Ӳ󣬴˿ָԪ溡 
ŤͷñӺĺԨһۣϵıء㣬ٲǰĸģ 
Ԫߣӽȥ˵ٶȶţӽͻȻͣˣתͷľȻؿǡ 
ǳһԪǳԾվ¥ϴеСүүС 
ӽٿתͷվ¥ϵĺԪͻȻһ֣֣Ҷ˵ű㷢˷һǰȥ 
û뵽ӽүүһ̼ȻָǡҼ·ͻȻҲ˲ôˣһӽ׷ȥ 
ĺԨں漱ȵȣȵȣȴ֪ҺĻԪġ 
ڵѾţһ߶ƴ׼ 
ҳǰȥһסӽĻ˵׷£Ҹһô졣ӽң·ڸңʵʲôסҵͷֱסֳûһɡ 
Ҿ֣ˣұţ׼ 
ֿʼУһغӽнŲ֪Ԫ溶߹һЩⷽʵڲԪεϼ޻ССİϷ 
Ȼ˸˼Ԫùһ󣬡ಡһֱ֧Ԫǰ棬ŵԪһͣסŲ 
ߣԪص 
϶ǽƻˣ֪úӽߺӽδػģԱԪ֡٣⹷޵ 
ôһߵøˣ죬˲ߡ 
ͱͱӣʾս׼ 
ӽѾ¥ԶˣҵһҲᵽɤۡԪҲܽͻȻȫ֮⣬ԪȻת·˻ȥ 
Ӿô£ˣ 
Ҳ֣漴ˡżҴ󺰵һż 
ĺԨѲһǰȥҲظϡԪܵ죬תۼѾ˺ӽӽһûסǰȥ˿żˡ 
ҺĺԨ׷мλã¥ͻȻһż䵽Ӳر˻ļ䵽֧ҵ㲻УĺԨȥΪʲô취ȴû뵽ͻȻһ˫Ҳ̱ĺԨס 
⹷յҪưŻţ˫ֱģһҲʹϡҲһеصȥҲá 
ĺԨ˶̲ٹ˼ɣӲǰƽ£м֧ЩϡҰһգҪÿѾɴˡ 
ƿڴĺԨֻעȫԪϣԪܵ˳¥£˳µһȥԪ϶ȴˣûӰӡ 
ôһĹ򣬼֧ؿڵ䵽ʹһĺԨ׹ĺԨҰøҵסҪ۵ȴͻȻеһգˤڵϡ֮㵽һʯ档 
ʱҲſԭӳ˹һ߱㵱һȰĺԨɨˣȻҲˤ 
ɨĺԨ֮Ҳ˼ļʸֱ̧ҪһǹĺԨĺԨʱҲѹһߵʯ棬ȴһֱ֧ƺһǹ˵ϡ 
Ҵһ 
ӶùӵһѾ䴩ˡ 
ŵ㣡˵ҳӵɡϼˣγٴӳϳһ鲼Ӳϡ 
ӵϧû 
ҵȾҪ⻰˵úܴҲΪĺԨ 
ôھ˵ĿһµģûȵԪ֮ǰĺԨҲٶº֣ղҲǱƵüˡɴ˿Ԫ溿϶һؼȻ֪ʲôãΪôƴоԪһǸؼ 
ʱñӺɽҲѳ˹һʯš 
̽ͷ˺ӽһۣץסԪ溣ڳ¥棬һǶȣĹ䲻 
ӽʱûΣҷкñһñӹҳҵǸͳһǹݸӣͳС 
Ļˡҵ 
ӵͷˣ 
ҵڻң 
˵Ҿ𱳰ʯղĿ궼ʧˣԏ壬ͻȻҲسȻ̶ͷңಡƿ֮ǵأҶűҲԸе¡ 
ӵǹ֮ĺԨҲûӵǰǹͬһ򹭼ǵĹֹ̫ˣЩȻˣʮҵľ룬ľȻǴһ 
ֵע̸ǰ󱣳߰׵ľ롣 
ʱ뺫ӽǲԶԽĹҲԽٳϼѾֱֱµľ롣ȻѾֳֿϾûҵ峤嵽ҸоѾ˼ޣٳȥһҾ͵ñɴ⬡ 
ҸϽ˻ˣ̫ܣҳ岻ˣ 
ĺԨһֻҲ壡 
ĺԨ˵壬ȴûзֵҶѹ󲿷ֵĹһҵıϡôЩȫۣͲỻ𣿣 
ֻ˼ĺԨȥˣ 
ĺԨӦһ첽ǰȥ 
ñӡɽں漸һΣҲûˡӼָɴǹҲˡǰǰ߹ 
Ҵһ֪ΪʲôܾôҶһܲȫǰ漸ξҲȷʵˡû뵽ξȻҲǡ 
Ҹպ꣬桰һ˺ѷε漴һ޴դ䡱һڵϣʯм 
 



ʮ ϣ

       ȥդҲ٣ҪŴô 
ñҲԾСû뵽СССģȴһ˼ҵĵ 
ĺԨȻǰ棬ȴҲ˸ղʯ쾪һ죬ȻҲ־ֿ֡˲ߣóһδ󶯾ùͣƵļԪ溳ȥ 
ĺԨ嵽¥£Ȼֳʸ֮ģʵڶסˣֻòסغˣ˵һʯϣ档 
ôһñӺֳ˵Ŀ꣬Ҳæ㵽ʯ档 
˶ҵ壬һӰ 
ӵô죿ֳ֮ˡ 
ñӵԨֵܣܴܲȥ 
ĺԨ̾˿붼ˣЩʬԶԸ˵бΣˣԪû׼Ҳں档 
ӵô죿ⲻҪ𣿡 
ЩӤֱ۴ϸդˣҲе޼ƿʩըҩҲ޼¡ 
ñֵʬȽʬޣʵڲǾƴһ԰ɣ 
ĺԨ֪жʬǿľô࣬ûĻж٣Ϲôߵľ룬ֻӣֻһʱ͵ˤһʤ㶼ûУ 
ñӱҭƿԡ 
૵ըҩҲˣô֡ͻȻʲôϲӣҵı𣿡 
һʱˣʲô 
Ǳ˵ӾҪһҼ˻ȥ 
Ȼˣ 
Ҳһϲֻǲ֪Ǳܲÿôֵˡ 
Ҿ𱳰ӱϡһ֮ȴסˡ 
Ƶôˣ 
Ӷ߶µóɿݵ˲ݣ˲伷һʹ֮飬޷Ա 
ҲȻһʱ֪˵ʲôźá 
˺һӲŵı˲ƽϢذ˲ݷźãӰҳǱߺ޵תդȥ 
һӣˣ 
ľȻؿңӵһͬʱк׼ʱֵע⡣ 
ӵû¡ 
ҵͷһ˶˳Ӵդȥ 
Ҳʯû뵽һеļתϡ˵԰ЩֶۣӦ׼רȳ˲ŶԣôҺأ 
ŤͷȥñӺɽҲһ󲻽ӡ 
ñͻȻһԴȻЩʬ۾ãȫĸоĺֵϵأʬ׼㣡 
ôأҲɣ 
ñҡҡͷĺֵܻûɣ 
ûаҵҽ᲻ʲôϵ 
ñЦЦϵˡǴ֮ȻǱѰʬϲҲͲˡ 
˼صͷǴ֮ʬ׸оҵϢӡ٣Сʲôʱ򡭡 
٣ӱһ͵һȥһӤֱ۴ϸȻϣһŻͷкȥһ 
ҪȥҲֻñȥˣߵ﹭䵽һʵŵĺá 
ץʱĺԨ˹դһ뿪ط 
ʬ󲿷ע˹ûзʲô¡ʱӺñҲߣ㹻˲ųȥˡ 
˻ʰһ¶ҲѸôĶϡӿһۣЦЦڶƤʵˣѰһںһǣȻ籩һȴһ֧䲻ϡ 
ҵߣ 
ӽͷһۣդȥ 
˳ȥ֮Զһٸϣȴһһ˻ 
ôˣ 
ҾˣǰǸͭҲǺӽĴ磬ն˱ƽͭûˣһİۣһͿͼΣ֪ɰѪһƬʺ죬˲ɵȻľ 
ĲͬȴһŨصĺһѹ׻Ĩϵһڵס 
֮Եۣ飬ȫ۰ס 
ǱŻġ 
Ҵһҿغã 
˸һηƵģǸղűɵˡ˵Ӧòô׾ͱסģѵʲôŹ֣ 
ˣ˸ʯغΣҲץ𱳰صʯ档 
ȴͻȻͣˣûаȫȥ 
ǲԼ䣬ͳһ˼ǹɡѾͭˣôǵǹ룿 
ñӵһˣ 
ĺԨǿźӦ˶ɷˡ 
ӵɷʲô׶öã 
ĺԨǱˣ˰Ӳˣ 
̾ˣƸߵѾռˣֳضԵأǽǹˣ 
ҵŽʱͷڹꣿѵΪͶ˾ͻĹͷ𣿡 
ӵҡ 
ñӴϵûꣿⶼʲôʱˣô˼Ϲ 
ҿô죿 
ĺԨֻһ취 
˵ 
ĺԨǽ 
˶ûʲô˼ϸʣȴѾӽǰһеնֱȡӵԴ 
Ӵһӭս 
һȥҲøųȥ֧𱳰ֵעͬʱһа취ǾͿʹɣȻǶý¶ɷϣ 
ĺԨʲôûУҲ֪мɰտԳɹ 
ñӵҪʲô 
ĺԨҲֻܴӼˣֵܣ취Ƕɷ·˵ҧָڵ˹ 
Ҷڱ棬ļ꣬ŵעӡɷ֮ˣֻпűټĳطǿ֧š 
ñӵԨֵǲҲҪһɷϣ 
ĺԨɷȻУҲƲסֻ⸽ûдǰ󽫵Ĺ̫꣬ػоŴ֮࣬ҪһӦòѡ 
ñӵд󽫾һй𣿡 
ĺԨӦǵģ̫ػʬӡס꣬Ҳûػˡ 
ʱӺͶɷԽսԽҲԽԽľĺԨô˵ȴͻȻ뵽һ⡣ 
 



ʮ £

       ҵе긽˭ϣ𣿡 ĺԨЦһҿ²У˵̫أ 
Ҿ㲻еӽϰɣ 
ñӵͷ˼ 
ҷԵУ 
ӽȴĺ磡ͬ⣡ 
ᡱһɷӱϻһҿüʱû˼ǡŭһ͵ǰ壬Ŷɷһ 
Ҵе磬ս 
ñӴӦһǹȥ 
ɷҪҳ죬ǰӽ˵ʲôЩӲ˰ģͳͳˣ׵ľ룬Զܸоһ⡣ 
ñͦǹϣǰлңŲ䣬еĲǹͲ˳֣Կ죬¶ɡ 
ҽеӣǵ 
Ծ粽ãʹһԾϣնԲǰҪӽö㵶֮ʣǱֽӸñӡס 
ñӽסʹȥᣬһƳӵȡӡ 
 
ཻӲ 
ƶŽŲϵıòûϵǱȻԿƲסննҲһǼ 
ĺԨ취· 
ӺñӲˣֻ¡ƣ˱ͬʱԾϣǱȻȥмӣñһҲʹ˺ɽֻ֮ҪУʹ˲㹻ҸͷҲǽƻ֮·оñӰϵľնδӽʵ;Уһñӭȥ 
˵;УϵȻҪۿཻۣñȴ˼סΡ 
ӳ׼ᣬתӭñ֮ʱ㰫ǰǱã͡һİ۱һӡ 
һ٣ñӣתӹȥ 
ҪľЧñӿ̽Ĵһֱͣͣһ顣 
ĺԨѾˣǿ㣡 
һҪһ͸ˡ 
ҵʲô 
ĺԨ裬Уξҩ˿ԽѪҺѭٶȣϵϧûУȻɹĻʿԴߡ 
ҰһҲ̫СĺˣĿûУ赹ǻмš뵽Ҳָм磬Ҫ⼸ҩû׼ǽ͵ýˡ 
ҵǺ𣿽ס 
ĺԨӹȥŵһţǱ֪ĺֵôõģ 
ҲмͱˡǸʲô긽û˺ 
ĺԨİɣ˺ֻһʱʱһȻˡ 
͡һñӺڰİ۳˾һսڶѴ죬 
ɽϣĺԨɽһ 
ɽֽŲãȡذۡ 
ĺԨӹݸӽʼɣ 
ӽӹۣһۣȻѰ۴ϡ 
ĺԨãҾֽͨˣ˵ŵ㣬óŻֽˡ 
ĺԨôֶȴӽͻȻһɸһ㶶ڵϷȥĺԨдʣߴ࣬ߴ࣬һҲ촽⶯ӽֹͣ˹һֻεסһһһ 
ĺԨ£ͻȻһȣţӽһصصصϣ漴һڿмƮȻ䵽֮⡣ 
ӽҴһӽŤͷһۣĵãϾûȫʧϳ 
Ӷ˼˻ñӰݸӽСģ 
Ҫ׷ˣȴӽһסȥ·֪˶֣ܵһˣԴ 
һӵðСүڡ 
û˵꣬ҾͶסˡ 
ӽϥڵϣ˫˸׼òٱ׼Ҿ 
ӵĺԨôģиСආǶɷ밲ˣ 
ñҲǰǡûͱˣҪǡҪһԸǡ 
ĺԨ˲ͷϵĺҲ֪һ꣬ȴ֪ȴ֪ҿ׼սɡ»ˣ»ˣ 
˸Գһŵעˡ 
Ȼ벻鷢ˣӽɷ밲֮˻ûվ㡰һ¼ȴֻüһ 
˲ΪϲƣȻǶ֣ôصӽʹֱذ׻ɣٶȾĵն֮ϡ 
һ龪ղźӽǸһ£ӻǶġ 
ҵȱæֹۣûô򵥣Ҳ¹ɣ»ʲô顣 
ñӵĺֵ˵öԣӺӽϵĺǶɷ£Ȼ£ǹû˾ã治˵ 
ӲΪȻʲôе־ģ˾ȫռéӲʺ˵ǴĴ֧ɡ 
ˣ㳶ûףҴӣеעųϡ 
ܹ˺ӽ࿪ӣնĹΪ֮һ䣬ٴ죬ҲٴӲȡ·ңźӽת 
ӽ屾ɵģȻʹĴҲƳģ˿̸˵ĸоǱһӷֵӣŲ΢ƣ΢ƣȴһʱγ˹ضľ档 
ԲӦĴҲΪЧתȥͣرŷĹƾռϷ磬ʵδֵκαˡ 
˶ʮغϣָǰĺÿһεཻŷһҫ۵ĻǡԽԽ죬ӽмҲԽԽ죬ʼʱһܿӰʱ䳤˶ֻǰһˣǵӰеĿ쾵ͷһֻżһ̴ٵĽ 
ͻȻһ˶䣬ӽҲһסˣץסն϶ 
һʾȴӽȻӦһᣬҪӲһʵȴһ£ˣšϲդѵˮ˼һĺȥ 
һϵж˵ʱʱ죬мܵ㣬ٵܿդշһǳˮ㿪ȴҲˡ 
䡱һ죬Ҹţһź˲𣬺һһһɢȥˡ 
̱ڵϣӽȴŭδϢͷȥ 
һȺӽѹԼִ磬ǺͲˡҳӴһץ𱳰ʯ 
ӻ⣬ҲһԾ˵ӽ˹ڵϡһȴͻȻһնһӰӴ˸ 
 



ʮ ʧɢ

       Ҵһӣ ұ㲻һеسǰȥϾһȭһȭ֪˶ҲⱲһȭһȭ۾һգȥ 
ʱĹ䵽ҸϽ򼸸㿪ȻӺͺӽпܱۡϣ̰ѱϣٴγӡ 
ұסӵͷͷЦһ£϶صӣˣ 
һ󱯷ӿͷʵ˵ 
ӶҲðҲյģӣҡ 
ȻҸоԣӸղЦúûʹ࣬˵Ҳܲࡣӿ˿ڣȴһû˵ӣǴӵĸ첲֮䴩ȥģȻ·̴ˣȴһû˵Ƥ⡣ 
ʱΪЦݺݵشһȭˣ 
һԾӵôû𣿡 
Ц㵹أ 
̾һΪѾʿأˣӢۼûҵˣ 
ϹˣкñӹһӰѺӽʯ棬ӽԴײ֮˻ԡ 
룬ҰҲ˺档 
ñӲ֪ʲôʱԪ溽ԪѾˣʣ֪ʲô¡ 
ĺԨ˵ز˾ϢǾߣ 
ñӵô߷ 
ĺԨԼǵûıǣһͨ˳ͨǰߡӦþҪҵĵطˡ 
ϲڤ 
ĺԨҡҡͷ̳ 
˾̳ 
ĺԨԣ̫Ĺ餾 
ñʵôڼ̳ 
ĺԨ˵ͳˣ˵ֻҪ֪ôһֱڼŹϵʽһкܶ벻ΣգǧСģ 
ĺԨĻҵĻ䣬һӽ˵үүǼ˾ʱҵĴô뷨ϵʽȻڽС 
ӻ벻ˣ˵̫Ĺ餾ǰǾ񿺷ܣǻʲôͬ־ǣʤѾˣ¸ҵӵɣһ𶯶չжжΪţʲôأ𵹶ֱ̫ˣҲ̫ͳ¸ֺ̫˵ǽʲôأˣôΣգͽоһɣ 
޵Ͳָ³ⲻ𣿡 
ӵүŻˣҪȡһ 
ҵҿûģ 
ֵãʵҲǸһ¡ãھһжϿʼ˵ҪǰܣҸϽһסѺӽϣ 
ŬŬ죬Ǳˡҵ󣬼γ˳ȥ 
ĺԨǰ·ǽ£ѰǽôȻһǽڷտյĻĺԨõɽҿһ¶Ƚ϶ʯݡ 
˳ʯȥһͨʯͨףҲסĺԨתǼ̳ķ 
ñӵСһ㣬лأ 
˼ʮףʯһΪһһҡȻ󣬴ߵͷӦõ¥ϷǼ̳ҪĺԨ˵ѽˡ 
˺ܳһʱ䣬ûеͷ֣ôôԶţǰţ߹ˣ 
Ҳв죬һ˵̵ͷδҲٴ⣬Чղŷһһôʯڣڻߵ֮һʱ˻ء 
ʯһɶʯ壬ֲڣ粻ǵ̺ʽ治֪ϸʯŵǸʲôõġ 
ĺԨСĵȥûҵϢڡ 
ñӵ𼱣ϸңʯͷ͹ƽҲϢС 
ӰѺӽݸңǰȥҿ 
ӽԵӺ޸ĹۣҷסŵǽڴҪȥȴͻȻ䡱һһʯֱͨ׹£ʱҺӷ 
ӣӣͷʯŴУ޻ 
ܵǽڣһ飬ʵûзֻأҲ֪ӵ״ʲôڣôƾһʯţ˷ָ 
뵽ȻľΪʲô뵽ӴأǺԪڰиŶԣղ϶ŪĶɷ֤ɱġǰûУԣʵһֱɱ֮죬ץסҺӵһ̿ʼǣ֮һֱûĺ֣ʲô˵ģҪɡôأ 
һ֣һ뵽Ԫ溡ǵģԪǹؼеĹؼǺԪҪõĺԨñҲȻ쳣ԪҪֻ֮һʱ벻Ԫ溻뵽ʲôá 
УӽҲҪȻ϶ҲҪҪʲôסҽ϶ȻȫõԴ￴Ļ˵ҪԲࡣȻĺԨֲ֪һ㣬ԲһֻúӽԪ溣ΪǿֻԪ溲Ҫģ˵ֻԪ溲ôǧԪ 
ԽԽľ˸̥ҲƣΨҺʲôҲ֪ȴϡͿؾ˽˵ӡ 
ȻԲ֪ӽԪ溵Ҫڣ϶Īϵ̫ĳֹϵҲܿ϶ĹҪõǣĹõǣĹйϵûбĽˡ 
Ҳٶ룬ӽǰȥǰİ䴦һΣŰַ߻ʯŴժ±ͳըҩƺ÷Ѹٵܻغӽϡ 
¡һ죬ʯɽըͨôԶڹ䴦ǱۻӺӽϷӽҲò˼ 
ĵԺٲܱյĿռըҩˣζ̫ܡ 
ҴӵҪȥЧΣӽȴˣеĺ硭ĺ磡 
ȥϲˣ 
ӽǿһ˿ЦݣҾûûһԺþ𣿡 
óˮ򿪸ӵݸӽЪͺˣԵòǺܾãһСʱ 
ӽˮһɫÿЩƵлл㡣 
ЦôҪллӣ֮ǰһֱء 
ӽ˵ллûɱҴ磬ȻȻҿҪˣ 
ô֪㲻Ǳ𣿡 
ӽҲ֪ʱҺƮڿƵģܿһУֻģģģֱԲʲô֪ˡ 
ӽôһ˵ҺܳԾΪĺԨĹ긽֮ʲôҲ֪ˣȴû뵽ʵѵǹ긽֮󣬺ӽͱƳô 
ӽҳ˼ʵӴأ 
̾ղʧɢˣҪȥҸղװըҩң˵תҪߣӽȴסҵҲȥһ˶𣿡 
źӽµӣҲ뵽ͬͷҲá 
ӽߵʯűϵʱҲʧʯֻըһ飬û뵽ʯžôôǿıըҲδܽը 
ʯµĵʯڵǺܱըһ󶴳ȥģһֻҰſľ޿ڡ 
 



ʮ Ŀɳ

       ҿ˺ӽһۣӽŶڡ ҵҪ㻹Ұɣȥ˵ 
ӽȻڿŶڣҡҡͷһȥǹˡ 
ҴؿȻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴҴܸжҰѺӽһǺã££˵óӲϣһͷݵӽ˶һۡ 
ҧֵ׹ȥŽ׵ľ룬̤ʵء֪ΪʲôղĹҺȻǴûйģʹǰһԺڰʱҲûָо 
һֵΧĻ۲һ飬һĿԶɢһЩ˵ľͷһЩʯͷдС״򡣲ûʲôΣգȻƣ̮ 
Ҽ˸ľͷ˩ϣƣúӽȥһӽ͸嶨ˣľͷڶڵ˳ 
ʲôģӽһʵ 
ʼ磬溰˼û˴ӦǿѾ̳ˣֻǲ֪̳ܲͨǵʱ̳ʱͨʹпܡ 
ͨһ·ߣÿһǼҲǺܸߣӦܴȥԶȴʼûʲôӦ 
ʲôӽͻȻе 
һֵѭչȥһֻܾСЫӡಡܹ 
ӽҲˣ󲢲ֶܺ 
ҵСģ 
жʮףӾĻӦѾ˼̳棬ȴûͨ¥֮ĶûжڵĺۼʯȴˣһЩνΪĳ;֪ʲôԭûϣ 
ҵϸҰɣҸоӦõλˡ 
ӽҲоʵ˵ĸоҪöࡣղЫӱģڰӾҪѸٺֱӡ 
˷ͷΧҲǽһʯͻȻһֻȭͷСЫڿԾֱȻ֪Ыӣû뵽һһֻͷôģҪһ̹λ룬æһףЫҵɹûʯͷִֻܳÿֻȭͷٶȸǿס 
кһСġһ߹ȥнп಻ʲôʲôôŰЫѸˡ 
ӽ̧߿ֻԾұϵЩһЫӣ 
ղҲûע⣬ôһ˵ҸϽֵȥգһ֮´һЩЫӲֻͷ󣬶βͽһЫҪһЩϴֵĻƣÿҲܲµԿ϶ҲǱѰǴ·ϱ¶ĵطֻ֣࣬ȻһС˵ʱ͵÷ͦ 
ʯͷ»ڲϵЫӣȻѲôȥȴ˲֪롣 
ӽϿЫӣ߹ȥʯͷƿȻһֱа׵ЫӾǴӶġ 
ӽһۣ˼ҡҡͷӦµģҺЩѪİѣ̳ͨɣ 
ӽǾӦòˣȻڿȥµģҲжأ 
룬˵Ҳеٵǰ濴ǰûбĳ·ٻ 
ǰʮףԽʪԽأϱճģȷʵûҵĳ·ڲ˷ʱ䣬ֻٻصЫѡ 
Ыܵһֻʣ֪㵽ȥˡ֤ûУⶴ̫խҪһֻֻǶ޿ɶ㣬ֻغˡ 
Сĵſֵգ˶ԶһӰóһ֧ϣֵ罻ӽң 
ӽժ²ϵݸҵ 
ղһеڲɵúӿŰɣ󣡡 
ӽҡҡͷⲻһ壬ܱаģϰɣ 
ЦЦתȥ 
ȻǰӢۣʵжȴܴ⡣һ־һ־ɡֻⲿƶ쳣⻬ЩЫһǾ롣 
Ļ˸һСľŪˡֻܰٶٷһЩףЫתƽģϲʱһЩβʯͷٲ伸һʯͷ롣軵ˣҪǶסĻֵñ˻ȥǰɵһĶʲôʯͷһʬ壡 
ʬѾã·ûù⣬ȥ峯ķΣ϶峯ģΪ˵Դһӡֻǲ֪ôƺǴģָؿٽôأѵʲôµ£˴ĶӣﲻСıЫˣ 
ֿܣɵҲܶࡣˣͻȻֻЫӴʬӵ´ܳŵҲ𡣻Ы»𣬷׷ǰȥҰʬ巭ֵӺǰĶȥһذ׺һ飬ģذҲϸͳͳŽҵĿڴ 
ǰһ飬΢һ飬ǱռǡҺҷ˼ҳֶдģвݣĲױϣֻ 
ֲԤУƹߵʱҲòʮֵľ 
߲ʱƽתбϣռøˣԹߡҰ̽ǰ棬ӿŲһߵͷǾͷˣû·ֻһʵʵʯ塣 
֮ӦǴģղһϲΪûߴ·ܽҲ϶ܴȥôһ· 
ҴչȥʯҶڿ˺ܶ࣬ɢڵϣ쳤վѾ񣬺ȥȥȴ޷ͻʯ塣ʲôأ峯ҪǴģǴһ·ҲûпĶڣѵ֮˰ڷˣ 
ҿ˼벻Ҫ֮ʣͻȻһ£üһŵһ飬ûһƨڵϡ 
ҰҾδ 
ӽꡱһЦ㵨ʲôʱôСˣҵûԼˡ 
ҵûϵɣȫȻӦˣҽҲûҵڣΨһĳھҲǸͬ 
ӽŴʯ壬㿴ǰǾʬ𣿡 
ҵˣ峯ģ֪ǲҲǸģ 
ӽҲ֪ҵ 
ҶѾ˾ˣô©ӹӽĶȴһͬʱҲԻˣ˺ῴִˣ㲻峯ģҲִģֱôأ滹MadeInChinaϺһ֪Ϻִ˵Ķô£ 
ֱָͣʮһʮϣȴ֪绹磬Ҳ֪һ꣬ϷʽֱֻʱûڡҵֻңȻܽϺõ£֪Щʲôأ 
ιʲôأ 
ûʲôҰѱװϸҿܲҵڡ 
ӽŶȥͻȻѹ 
æϣȻǳģӵ 
ϲҶԵطˣֻҪʹʯ壬϶ǵע⣡ 
˵Ҫóɽȥӽȴ˸ֹơ 
Ծˣ 
һ̸ȥʵڸϲϺӽôҲУ½ҵʲôˣ 
ӽɫأ죬취ȥӴˣ 
һ̻ˣƫƫûг·ըҩ϶УҪӺĺԨҾ۶ҪܿĺԨע⣬롣 
ҵҿ 
ŶһһȥͻȻһ𶯴ӽǺڿʲôأ 
˵꣬𶯱̱ڵϣľͷʯͷҲȥڶϵѴѵ 
Ұãôǿ𶯱ˡϽһӽ㵽ǽߣŪľͷǽϣʱһ 
¡¡𶯳˼ӣҺͺӽ㲻ʲôͷǳûüȥӽϲˣ 
˳ָȥԭʯΪһЩ¶һʮֵķ϶ 
ҳȥϼľͷ͵濴ȥһɴסˡ 
ӽûĺԨӷĿˣû뵽Ѿס˫ְڱñõӱסվں治Զ 
ĺԨԪǰʯ̨ȥԪ溼ԸȻǱƵġ 
 



ʮ 

       ҺȻ֪ôźãû뵽ղŻ빲գ֮˷Ŀɳ һԼ侲ڵһҪǾˣʲôԭǰӵɳأ᲻ҪԪ溸ʲô£ӽԣֽˣܣȻز˵ѲҪˣΪʲôɱʡ£ѵӻüֵԪأǵڱԪʲô 
ӽյұϣôأ 
ҡҡͷһʱ벻취ĺԨñӲһطסһȴסһҲɱˣɾɱҲδؾܾӡڳɹڼĺԨñѾˣ鼱֮ºܴܿɱ䡣ҪЮñӵĻҲУĺԨǲκ˵ģ䵽ڹϡ 
ǵ׸ôأ벻취ӵСҲˡ 
ʱĺԨԪ溱Ƶǰ棬Ѿˡ 
ӽȥˣҶ棬м£ô 
룬취һԣҲʵûбİ취ˡҵһҪı󶯣ʮֵľǧ嶯 
ӽһۣİɣ֪ô 
ҵͷСģ 
ӽҲǣȳȥٳȥ˵һϣγǰɡҧϣᡱһ·ʯ壬طȥ޳Ϣɽȥ 
һɣĴҲѧӷʯ壬ŻղİӰŵǰȥ 
Ҷ㵽һ󶦺һߵźӽҵʵλغãһ߿һڵơղʯ󿴲һ̿˸ԭﻹǼ̳ûй餡װοǽڣÿһ涼˸ɫȫǧʱ䡣⣬ĿڶĵūǽɵƣֻмյˣҲû谵ӰΡ 
ڴĿǰλãֻ޴ͭҸж䣬ƣ֪ǲĺԨ˵ϵġͭϲԶһʮ̨ף̨׵ĺԨԪ溸ոϵʯ̨ʯ̨ϣʮƽ״СԲεʯʯ̨ǽλãĺԨסˣ޷ʯʲô 
עں棬ҴһӰܵǰİӰôһʯ̨ñֻʮ׵ľˣǰȴ޿ڻĶȻڹߺܰôȥδ⻹̫ 
ӽѾغãҲȥˣûͿһӰɣһҧҪȥĺԨȴͻȻ׵ػͷһۣŵæͷкա 
ĺԨʵһСأ͵Ϯ 
Ұһ˵үүѾˡ 
ñŤͷɨһȦİɣҲץʱ䣬ԽԽá 
ĺԨЦʤȯգ֮ӡͻȻһתԣ 
ñӼæʵʲôԣ 
ĺԨԪǰʯȥžŻȥѪûɣ 
ҼˣҲ룬èŵƤǰȥգۼͿɳ嵽ñӺ棬ĺԨȴͻȻһ˦һѷɵ 
Ҽ¶Ŀ꣬Ҳ˲ˣһǰһۿץסñӡ˭֪ñӷӦ죬һȥͬʱӵӱϣٵӲк 
ȡҿһǹñӽϣñ漴һʱҶ 
֪Ѿ˾棬ɵ٣ү֪үеһ𣿡תҵѾôһΪλأҰ׵һ 
ҿЦҲΪҲˣȻùλҲû˵ˡ 
ĺԨҾ֪ģû뵽ô죬Сأ 
һСĵעĺԨñӣһ߸ӽӡҵ²ˣɣôΪʲôӰ 
ĺԨЦƾʲôش㣿ΪӮôͷ棿˵ûֵȼ˼յ 
ϵˮֽᣬϵ̫һʱû⿪óȥĺԨôһ˵һ£ҶСˣΪҾͻϵô 
ӴĺԨ䣬ֵ¶ҿ϶ˣʲôֶΡ˵תȥһ֮ϵ̾ͱˡŪҲòһ֮Ҳɵһĵˣĵһߣħһɣǧ㣬ûĺԨ 
ɽںһ鰵Ӱǹǡǰ̫ղĺԨֵ𼸸յŰɽ¶ 
ĺԨǹɣ翹𣿡 
еľɥ֪ǰһңúӽûҿƴֶȻɾǻ췦ˡ 
Ψһϣںӽˡ 
Ҫǹ̬ͬʱʵ㵽ôɱǶʲôôһ·֪˶ټ裬ǰæҲȹôһ𱨵СڼϾͿԳɹˣòǰɣҧĹĹľҪжĥɱ¿ǰɣ㡪 
ĺԨ߹ǹҵ˵ˣҾҪжĥɱ¿ܿܣԹȻ㻹ʲô˵𣿡˵ǹͷϣñҪ˵ʲôȴĺԨֹˣĺԨֵɣҾȴ 
Ҽӽûһң 
ĺԨһŵӣ£ҾͿǹ 
1 
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ĺԨӽһʯ̨Ծ˳ĺԨֵıת˲šʵ˵ҶЩԾȫ֪ȻѾʯ̨棬ٹһɽںǹָǣ¶޼¡ñҪЮĺԨȻУҪԪȻʹͬ 
˵ʲôûˣƾڱ˵֮Уȫ˷² 
ĺԨӽʲôûãɴΪģٶתҵֲɱˡ˵ŸñӴɫñҲ˸ʵ˵Բסĺֵܣ 
ƿڴĺԨñֻ˵ 
ĺԨǹݸñӣСղҿѪ϶ǺԪѾԹˡ 
ñӳһ漴üͷô죿 
ĺԨгЦЦѾµˣҲһҿ϶ѡ㿴ʣ졣 
úͿʲô϶϶ʲôֻҪһҲҪץסȻᵽ϶ұ㽫ƾͼơҵĺԨ˵̫ˣԪأͲŪɷ𣿡 
ĺԨ˹Цİɣûˡ 
˸ĪʲôûˣѵԪĺԨʰˣôأںԪĵͷϣ϶Ҳǵ֮ŪôаĶ 
ñӿܾðҲ˼һãȻӣԪѾˣ 
Ȼ׼ñôһ˵ǲɳԾѡֲĺԨһ޿ֵӣԭԪˡ鸴ӣԼôһĻֱСһЩ 
ĺԨתʯ̨ȥߵӽϵҵģȻҾɱǡ 
ӽһۣĺԨʯ̨ȥ 
ʯǰ棬ĺԨݸӽһСָCѪ棡 
̲סһĺԨ㵽׸ʲô 
ĺԨҵĻţúӽָӽͷ˿ҺӣһָȥѪҺھϣ˿˿ˮȵһƵġ 
ĺԨǴϲֳüʧñӡ 
ñӵıҲ˲ת˺üΣǲǰԪھϵԪ溵ѪѾˣʧЧˣ 
ĺԨһȻӣԪ溸ָ 
һ˿˿꣬ʯ̨ǰǽڴһ΢𶯣ܿԽԽǿǽһ֨֨¸¡ѿˣܸŸ߸ߵʯ̨Ժ󿴵淢ĺĹ⣬ǾǻѻֵĹ⣬һ⣬алƣƺɺܶ౦﷢ġ 
ĺԨϲ߶ʮһȥñҲħƵĸȥʣĸ 
ӽ˲ϿĶҺӽ⿪ӣҺӶһۣҲȥ 
ʯ̨ҿʯһۣȻи˵ľ򣬽覣沼ϸСĿ׶ȥ񱻳һһ׶ﻹѪȻǸղź˵ѪȥγɵġҲɰ̾߹ȻȻһŪǵô飬ԭӦþһʶϵͳֻе뱻ϿɵѪҺѪҺͻЩ׶ڲڲͻӦѴŴ򿪡Ȼڲ϶бķ˼ĻأԭˡˣΪʲôһֱԪ溿ôҪԭԪ溾ǿһŵԿס 
ԣкӽҪ˵ѪһܷáǰǶˣΪֻҪԪ溾ͿԣñӲͬ⺫ԪĽףԪ֮ףȻץԪ溵ʱѾԹˣֻһ˵Ѫʹ򲻿̳Ĵšɹ̫ޣΪʲôҪúϺ˵ѪأѵǺϵ˸ǽĹɣɾǺϽģҲûúϵѪΪŵԿװӦôţ̫ܲӹ˵Ķɣ 
ûܡôأ 
߰Ӵһȥæ첽ϡһ棬ȫˡ 
Ķ˲Ͽ򱻼̳мһɽסˡ 
Ǿɹ̫Ĺֻӳȫǽƺͽ׵ĹâһЩɫɫ̾ΪֹҸйεľҲ;˵ָĹ͹餣ǰһĻƽһμ˵û˻ţ붼롣 
Ͽȥ餾һС͵ıǰ˸棬ÿһ涼ϵ̨ף˵ڶ̨ȴˣתһ棬󲢲ʵǵģװõġоŲ㣬һž޴ˮĶƺǿյģʢĳֻᷢҺ壬ԶԶؿȥ쳣Ҳ쳣 
Ӧòܴ󣬵ȥȴһʹ˱;֮ĸ𺶡ͻȻðһ뷨ô׵Ĺ餣ʹһҲϱĸ˶νˡ 
ڻع˿ҷˡ 
Ӷ˵ֻɼҸղŵĸоûдҲɼȷʵѵ˻ͼֵļޡǰҳýֻ֮ʯȲƷζֱҲԼжôЦ 
ǻ˵ˣôһ޴Сɽ˷Ѷܹɽʱ;˷ѶͶѪ붼ò˼飬ǲ˼飬ֱţɹĹжǿ 
ҳ֮ʣĺԨñȺ󱼵˽餵棬ȫ޴룬ô񹤵ıһʱ֪ôֺˡ 
Ҳȥʱ򣬴ͻȻһЦ 
 




ʮ 

       ЦƹȣƮëȻë ȴǺԪ 
ĺԨǿѹסͷĿ־壬էŵӴ󺰵ǹ 
һЦȻֹĺԨʧؿñһۣñҲŵùǺһʱ˵ 
Сô£϶ĺԨ𣿡 
ҡҡͷаŵý˭֪ʲôĹŹ֣ȱҶСΪ 
ӽͻȻүүûǲô׾ġ 
Ӿûȷ𣿡 
ӽͷȴһӽã϶ļƣһ·ϱƵ̫ˣָʲôôأߣ˳ȥ˵Ŵ򹷣 
Ȼᣬȹأֻſڴȥ 
һһߵô϶ûˣǿ˵ɣô˶ϧ 
ҽϲͣûжжΣգ̰СˣԴʱ㶼Ҳŵط 
ۿ쵽ſˣҺȻ־òԾҪͻȻһӹǲźڴŴ޶ⲻ϶簡һϲóŴ򹷣ôǳȥأ 
뵽һӣſǰȴͻȻડһӵǰ棬ŵǼԾء 
ĺԨ֪óһͳǹǹأð̡ 
˭ˣһ 
ӻؾǶҪˣȫ㣬ʲô 
ٷϻҹ˵һӵ 
ĸɢһ塣ҵĺԨ㲻Ҫ̫ 
ĺԨЦСӣҪɱɱˣһֱûɱΪôڹԹԸҹ 
֪ǵƴʱˣͳǹʹɫӻ⣬תͷкһ 
ҵͿ㲻ǺΪƾܵס㼸λү𣿡ô˵뼤ŭĺԨԽԽ 
ĺԨǲĵطһͨɨ䣬ֵġñӵǹĵҪɱˡ 
һһһܡͱŭˣĺԨ޳ܵĶһֱүү 
ĺԨһЦ׹ˣҾǣڻһˣҵ˼ɣ 
ҺȻղΪʲôɱӣԭ˼Ѳֻ˼ķʽܴ򿪣ֲûš 
ŭɶ̽ǹĺԨȥ˼ǹûӵˣҰһ⣬ôæֻһõУĻڱ 
ĺԨһ߻߲֪ʲôأ¡¡һӽһεͭ壬źü׶һݣݶͭϵȥƣƷǳ֮󣬺ǷѪõġ 
һõУӵǲˣȱɣĺԨĻǳûܳȥӽ֪·Ǳȥɣһ׷ǵģ 
Ӻͺӽ֪ڲǫõʱ˶ͷСģ 
Ҳͷתһִʯ档Ƥ˺ˣĺԨ޹˼ɣһΪĿĲֶεˣǸ翹ŭһɨ䡣⵹»ɺ޵ñȴٿǹҪǲעȫܰȫӳĻὫС 
뵽ֻ˸λã׼ñӿһǹϾԶǹ׼ͷûǹãһǹûֻıϻȥˡһǹյЧñǹصʯҲҴ⣬һᷴⱻǿǵļƻ 
Ǽҽ֮ʣЦͻȻ˳ڴصţôܼǹڸǲס 
еūͬһʱ䶼ˣʱͬ硣˵ˣҲûˡ 
ĺԨӦңɨһȦƵĽеĸҹ 
ЦֹԪص𣿡 
񣬡϶͹϶ȥװʲôӣ 
ԪһЦôЦƵģղǲǻƴһôһǿ׳ˣ 
ĺԨȫԪ˵ʲô˻ߵص˵ϻôûǹûҪûͳٳǹ˵ϻ 
ƵؿĺԨоһ 
ԪŭҵȻûΪǹܴȻûҲӲ˵Ҳ޼£ǲ˵ûҪ 
˸ӴüͷԪҲô˵״εĵģ 
ĺԨЦԪҵŭĹ㻹֪ɣ 
ԪҲЦҵŭĹƲŶԣ 
úЦֱЦ˳˱ˣ˶ԷŭĹƣоǴƽְɣүûˣӣߣ 
ӻ˵ĺԨӵλþһɨ䣬ԪҲһ߻ףһ̣ 
ҰһãҲ˲ôˣһһӵ˳ȥһܣ 
ĸѾӾܣɻһûſڣȻĴԲǽй¡¡ĳ 
˭ҲûЩֱһ׵ĴôģĿ޶ࡣӷһźӽԪ溴汼ȥƹ׷ȥ 
ĺԨñҲŪ޴룬ȻԲûѻŲ·һȥ 
ӣһһ߽еɽܣ 
ֻߣҪڴԲ֮ǰȥӦÿԶù⼸иɻһѡ 
ӻ⣬ŮûطɱҸ׷󡣿ԽԽ׳ǣ˼ԪһˤڵϣſӽܣӻͷȥԪ溣ǺӽһߣԾһԪ餷ܡ 
ôһĹ򣬺ĴԲѾԶǱΧıߵֻͣн餸߸ϣԲȻԽԽ졣ۿ㲻͵ǰһˣһնһԲ 
һҿЩЩԲǳ򣬾һ飬ʲôۼһγɵġ 
ҴǿܣҶһ 
Ӽô󺰣ʲôܣܣ 
Ҳӣȥɶһ֮ǽһѣֹһҵһٴδ׷ȥ 
ӺͺӽԪ溣ٶҲ첻Ԫŵ޴УǵķңһҲˤˣԪʧȥƽ⣬ڵϣӽǰ壬һԼ˦˳ȥһûüӽǰĵȻֿһ׵ѷ̼Ѻӽ°˽ȥ 
Ԫ溲ҽһǱͻ״һҲֱӽۡҲҿһֱŲȻӽǵ岻ɡҲȻΪʲôĺԨñŽĽ餲ȴһȥ 
ۼֿ죬ȵץס˺ӽһϾӽҲһﴫ֨һѷ˲ֺϵһ 
ĵգһӽ¾ͱжˡ 
ʱԲѵϣǲˣæĺԨñӵķȥ 
Ӳ߰׵ľ룬ܳұܵǸղˤĵطʹһͷһԲȻһΣյ뷨ҲǲУѿЩԲʯͷģûô󣬶ҷǳҲһ̶ȼ¹ٶȡ 
ѾҶˣԲ˵͵ҳ׼ᣬһ˷Բ򵽵ýǰһ̣͵𣬽µԲ̼ײһ𣬷ƵȻײó֮⣬ȴüӲŴ˼ǿվӡ 
ʱڶԲײ˽µһϣ𶯣ѾûʲôΣˡŤſӣźǰܣǱߵԲ򲻶࣬ԪǶ֢ҩڳڶŵơôһҲԿɳ֮㰲ȫˡ 
ҸշģȴͻȻһӣ˵źܻ 
ҾͦȫģΪʲôͻȻһֱſ档һſ̿ˣһצļơæʹѿץסҽְ֣ǰļֲֻ´ȥû뵽ЩԲԭʬ໥һγɵģֲײʱ򷢳ôƣ̫ˡ 
ڹҲˣۼʮ׵ķΧڣȫһɫʬԶһЩܹ²ǧ 
ҺӱǴӱϳȥ˾ˣ 
Ҫ˺ӽúӽԪߣɷ˵ҳ 
Ҽˣ˭ܳȥҺû𣿿ߣ 
ӽҲҺü˶٣ӲԪȥһߺһ߻ϳ壬Ʋɵ֪Ǹʬ̫ˣҸɱ 
˰ߣŭһ߳֫Χƶ 
Ӳ𻰣ɨһȦһƬյأһ֮Ŷѻɽʬұ֪˵ʲôҲûãʹ̵Ӵ£ 
ӳ嵽ұϣɨץסҵʬ漱ˣʹþˣмʬĸ첲ӲҶˣͷѵѼ 
ߣӺһվһ߿һұӵս裬һе³壬˼һ򣬱һʬˣһҹȥԴˣҰ׵Խһ 
ǵô̶̵һ˲мֻʬץסҺӣңѼ̾ͱʬץסЩһָͷӲҺӵ·ץòеֱץʹ̡ 
ʬΧҺӼǿٲԨҲӳȥ 
ͻȻһЦԪֳˣҺ̲סƿڴ 
ԪˣŵصǵѵҲûˣɱңҪ־͹ĺԨɣнȫһɵġ 
Ӻ޺޵϶ҲŹ㣡 
ԪһһװɣҰܸǣǾͱˣҲҵ鷳ô 
ӻҪҸϽ˵ɣʲôܣ 
ʱʬԽԽ׺ݣеѾʼ˺ҧҺӲͣʱⱻɵˣǵѲǰֵܷ֧꺫϶Ҫ˵ܣʵڲ˵ 
Ԫʵĵǵҵһμǵʱ˵˵ĻɣΪǰҾ㵽ˣһĺĹעк³ģĺҲܽƻҲ㵽Լҵ㣬ΪҲĺ 
 



ʮ е

       һһէԪ˵£ʱҾûףôһ˵ŻȻ򣬵ǻǸ⣬ȻԪһʼ֪ĹģΪʲôϷŹǣ ӽвʬŭƨүͲЩԻڣҿǱҲŹģ 
ҸϽȻ㵽ĹΪʲôɱǣǷˣ 
ԪЦشִ˼ԪѾʧˡ 
ʱԶһӰϳǺӽȥʱӿһɸĪĸܡҲ 
Ҳˣߣ 
ҺǴҲѾˣӽҲûãֻǰװһһЩԼղ˽뷨еɳܡ 
Ҳ˼ɺӽ֪˰Ѷֱ̽ǳ 
ʬҵϲ֪ҧ˶ٿˣ˿ڵǲôˣľӵҲҺãʬ̫ˣɽҲˮһһӿǱȥ˼ϵֻۣôƱҲһӽҲ޲ֻǰװ׵͵ 
ҺӶһۣҵ˼ֻҪӽζģΨһܾȺӽİ취ٸӽһϣ 
ñӰʹ˳ݺݵ˼ʬԴҵĺֵܣһ·ɣ 
Цޣӿһֱ׳ˮѵصصͷɣȪ·㣬ҲͲįˣ 
ӹЦ˵úãȥˣ̽̽·˵һͷʬȥ 
׳ҵӣͻȻһԴҼӣоˣ 
˵ѱʬýģ˼ζҷһҵţһļ϶ӱϣסӵļ׵צϺȥ˵оȱĶǿҿյذŪ 
ôһգ۵ĹѱץѪģҵʬصʲô취˵˶˵ˣ 
ʬȫӦǰԸֵʱ֪ˣֻҪܽӳĻȻͻһЩɴ˺һĺ裬ڸ˵ˣԲʬ߾ȫ¶ҩ裬ԼһӸһ 
ҵ˲ʣÿ죡 
˵ȥȴû³ҩҩѳԡҪĻܵôࡣ 
Ȼ֪ҩù˾ͻȻ֮ϣǱǱġ˿ҺӶеƺҲˡͳǹ˼ʬԴ׻ԽӲǸеģƴ 
ӽѵ˱ϲԶһȥһΧȥʬĶ̵Ҳû磬Ǵеץס 
һѽסӣӸҵᣬߣ 
ץסӣԪأû°ɣ 
ӽȱˣЫӶܰȫ˵ųʹҲǹҵʬӰҶϺһӴʬվھ±ʬססֻҪվϣܳȥʬٶȱϾû˿죬ǵԴȥһʱҲӦ 
ܳϵػŽţʬ޷һӳסŰӸӣץס죡 
ץסӣҺͺӽһʹʬѡ 
һͻΧ˭Ҳͣæǽڱʬٵĵطȥӽӽһ裬ӽݸһըҩ 
ӳغһҲ٣ˣһһ߹ĵըҩҲܷˣſһӣûǰܡ 
ʯ̨ӴӺһӰڵϣž䡱һضɽҡʯмʬĲȱȫ֫屻ըҷɣһƽ 
ߣӴһҺͺӽǰȥ 
ûܵ󶦴ͼԪűŻŵܹ 
Ӽˣܣ 
ԪǺǽţصЫЫӣȫȫЫӣ 
ҺͺӽһۣǶﱾкܶЫӣ綼ܳȥˣѵֶܻˣôĪؾͻأ 
ӵЫӶˣĺԨ· 
˵ͷһ̶ˣô򣬺ʬѾܳ˺ܶࡣ 
һȴ·ǰȥܵǸЫӶʱЫķ϶ӿҴӽŵֱðǷ϶׵ľ룬һҪľͷŲЩЫӾȻˮһӿ˵ǶпѾȫЫˣЫɽЫ 
ʱ˹ȥЫӵжʬֹһΣһЩͷģںһŵƤᡱشܡ 
ǰһʯͷ̨ףһһƣôĹＸеĴܸмֶ̨ͣݣʵЩԭΪֱֱµ̨Ҳ΢ֹһ½׷Ыӣû뵽ЩЫӾȻϵö죬ֱƽء 
죬ٿһ㣡ں漱ô󺰡 
ܵ棬ͷԪһѣӿ취ʰЩЫӣȻ˦ǣ 
Ҽ㾻˵ϻа취һʹȱˣܰɣ 
ȥ֮תңܲʱǽڵһʯţһ꣬˽ȥ 
ҿԥһ£ѵǲߴˣ 
Ӻˣǰ滹һţߣ 
һͷһۣЫȻ׷ᣬнסһŭҪϾɱ˺üˣĲձ 
һؿ񱼴Ҷ۵òˣȴͣЩЫӿɱʬˣʬҧϼҲûʲô󰭣ҪǸЫһС£̾͵ùλ 
ûд·һǰȻһʯţϿխΪĻΡһһϷԼдʲô֣̫ܵ죬ûпС 
ʯ֮ǰƻȻʣҴһȵȣ 
Իعͷôˣ 
ҵһػ꣡ 
ӵ԰Ҳ˵ˣײľǱǽǣǿյģʱǿˡ 
ҵҲµˣù׸ǣᵽſȵһӣȻҲˣ 
һԴԣǺԴʹ죡 
˵Һӳ嵽ǽȥ̧ײĸǣӽصſڴţৡԽԽЫգۼ͸ˡ 
ҺӰѹײİʵ̫ˣҲֻ̧÷ŵϣһſȥ 
㣬㣡ӽôУŶ̵ֻȳļֻЫӡ⼸ֻЫӲ֪ʲô̼ҲǰӣˣֳǿĹԣӽһϣЫѸٵغˣٳֱжԪǳױЫˣԶԶض˿ȥ 
ǹ˲ϰﺫӽֻܾѹײİϹȥȻЫӳˡ˾ţ֮װѹײİ˹ȥſڣ߰ʮ׸ߣЫһʱǱˣղЫӶһγЫɽЫ̡ 
ҰźӽʣµֻЫӽɴһƨڵϣ̾һ 
ߵǰóֻȫײĸϣûһ㣬ЫӺ˼ֳžžײŹײİ塣 
һײİ嶼ҵˣǱ׷ˣǿ߰ɣ˰ȫĵطϢ 
ȻԸǲòܡ˼ʯţòలȫˣΪĵϢ 
ҿ˿ΧĻû·ɣ 
ӵȻûˣô𣿱¹ʲôطֻҪүһ飬Ҷˣ 
ҵͷǾͺã 
ӰѰǰһӣʲôԵûҶòˡ 
Ԫ溺ͺӽ򿪰ҳԵġ 
ֵ˵Ԫ϶˵Ǽ٣ 
֪˵£Ѿ϶ˣӦģһʼͱԪ϶סǾĺԨıֻһֱûǷȥ롣 
ĺԨ䣬Ǻ϶ΪʲôŹǣ 
ҵʼҲ벻ףˡ 
ֱӵΪʲô 
ҵҪǰ϶˵ģĺԨǵһܣеܡ 
Ӽˣ˵ô£ 
ҵ˵ΪʲôЩػ궼ǿյģ 
˼ص˵ 
صͷʵ϶ĵĹ 
 



ʮ ź

       ֮ǰҲ뵽ˣ˵ǲɵɴ۾Ԫ溺ͺӽҲһԾѵӡ ҽһ͵֮ûɱǣҪǣΪûп̳ŵԿסУЩػ걻ҲΣͳǲף˵ɹصжˣһݵطã͸˵ˡ 
ӿ϶صһ㲻϶ĵĹǰԽ͵ͶˣԵȷʵκθУף 
ҽŵôЩһֱڵȴܹԿ׵ĵʱҲûţһܹĶȫȥһ棬ĺܶණһжΪģԸҲڵĵĹж 
ӽʵ̲סˣô˵ҲˣЩүүһֱкܶϡŹֵΪүүһֱǸôǮ˰ǴҪôǮʲôأ 
룬ҵӽ˵ǽҲߵ⡣ƲǮ˵ڵǣôŵȥˣôôãҹƿҲûж֮һһоŴػֹ꣬ǧܷŵȥأ 
Ԫ溿Ȼ죬ҲȤҪƲǮ˵ҪǲǮأǮͲĹôһе۶ʧȥǰ𣿡 
ҵ˵Ʋ˵Ϊ϶ĹѾǿԿ϶ˣֻǶˡ 
ӲõСͬ־ȱ漴תҵصյʵѾǸտˣ󲿷ٺ٣ú϶ǰȥˣҪҵرĵط鷳ʡˣ⣬ֱˣ˵ôڣ 
ҡҡͷôֹвУһ·Ҳˣ϶ɲʡ͵ĵƣҪѱصһʲôطط϶쳣β˵пҲǻأ±ȹĹҪӦ 
һҼ򣬵ôйŶԣں϶æŶԸĺԨñӣôţг䲻⹥䲻ҲõģôһƱܲ޹ɣ 
εСͲ룬㺫϶İѶˣҲ˵ܱܲҵ˵Ѿô౦ΪʲôҪһе̫Ķ 
ӲüͷŵԣϸģľӪô꣬Ϊ˵һĵȻô౦ʹ̫Ķ̫Ķﵽʲôأ 
ҳ˼϶һıڡ 
ϻһֵô죿Ҫɱǹȥ̫ﵽʲô 
ҿ˺ӽԪһۣ˵ĺҲˣԼͬص˵ͷ 
˵ЩЫӺʬô죬ӽͻȻꡱһˣ 
Ҵƣĸ˻æǾ߹ײĺ档 
꣬˷һǰܹŵĹײİʱͣûͣԾһģһ 
Ӿͭ 
ҵͷֵҪʲôǣúӽɵ𣿡 
ҵ϶аɲ⣬˵ӽɵǶɷڡпǺ϶ĺԨǸˣͭȥ֣ 
ˡٺ١Цⲻô߰ɣȥ֮˵ǰȥֻкһҸϣ 
ǰʱҲŷҵĵǶģЫ粻֪ʲôʱܹˡûвܵøǼٶȴó棬գ۹Ѿˡ 
ǰЩ·Ѿ߹ˣȥʱϤһЩ֮ٴλصǰ߾Ǽ̳ 
ǰкܶʬſڵϣ˯һƵġֻкٵļĿĵȥ 
ϲ軹ãʬѾоˡ 
ҵͷӰҩóԪ溳һš 
ӴͷĸǰȥͻȻһͨһˤڵϣ۵졣 
ҷӵû°ɣ 
Դûû¡ʲôôô 
һһ̯һ̯ɢһЩһĶӦþǲȵ汻ġҶմһŵǰһţʱѬΪֳ֮ᣬ֪ʲô 
ͻȻֲõԤУҲǲû 
ӲΪȻͿ̫ı̫ıｫⱲź 
ҵƶˣǰ棡 
Сʯʯ̨˳Ž￴ȥһƬǽ壬ѾҵòˣʬʯͷɳӡȵȶѻţȥĿġ̲סչһҲɴüͷ 
׷ʲô£ 
Ҳ֪߰ɣ 
ûпŵĵطÿһŶȵʲôҵθһ䶯мβû³뿪ʱ䲻ȴʲô춯صһ 
εͭǰһ֮ŵҴ˸ 
ͭİˣڵѪѾŹˣɱɫ԰ףǱŤ۾ҲɵüҪ͹һ֪ǰ˾޴ʹࡣ 
Ԫ溡ۡӽȴǰһ˳ӣ 
һӽʶæʣԭǴһͷĶӣնʮһ꣬Ϊһֱźӽүүææ⣬Ҷϲˣȴû뵽Ľ֣ú϶˼ 
һƬȻвɶƵķŭ⺫϶̿Ϊɻ 
һֵҲɱ۾һĪʹ֮С 
 
ںŻµԪͻȻһ˺ѷεļУŵһ飬ĺëһ 
ͷһñں治Զϵ·˺ˣȫһѪģӣͷűݲĶһһ˿ǳе⽫δź˿عţԼܿɭɭĹͷ 
״ɲ㣬ñӵȴһƽı飬ʱȫûʹ࣬ǽһ 
Ԫʹʧ 
һ۾ǰζĻЩҶɲĻ棬ұʹٸн 
ӽοԪһ˳ּñӱϵһӣϵĺԨŵĵͼѵĺԨҲҷɿɨ˼ۣûзĺԨʬ壬ʬ̫ˣ˿һʱҲҲ 
ҼѰĺԨʱͻ󡰺һͻȻ˷һ 
æعͷȥӲ֪ʲôʱѾ̫ĽǰҲ֪Ƿ񴥷ʲôأһŨصĺӿһӰС 
Ҵһϳȥû嵽ǰźͻȻնһףףףԽԽߣתٶҲԽԽ죬ܴܳԽתԽϸԽתԽ̣ȴԽԽŨԽԽ񣬿ȥ壬ҺƵģȫû棬һ㶼ˣֻһתĺɫ 
ҳһӣ˩Ϻӽȥ˲ûУһɾ޴˳ƶһӱϵǰӽԪ溼״̳嵽ұϣסңϴԽԽǵĽһԱϵŵǰȥЬڵĥ֨֨ 
ſҴ󺰵 
ӽԪ溶˵Աһرסҡȴûãںȫǰƶ 
ſң첽 
ٴδһΪҸе̫аţҪǱȥŪȫûʵڲúӽԪ溰װ׵ 
ֱǰ˼ӽŹסϵһʬ˿Ҳֹסǰӡôȥȫˣ˼תһͻȻ˾˷ӦǱһ˲һμӲײ˳ȥ 
һӱֱֱȥӽһҧرסҵȡԪ溼״Ҳס˺ӽȣӣͷΪ֮һ 
Һſң߰ɣ 
ӽſңԪſӽ˾ôţԽԽߣѾֻм׵ľˡתٶ֮죬ȴ˿ûио硣 
ʱͻȻˡһ̥˲䱻һöࡣжϳǴӽзģһס 
Ťͷȥ餽Ŷϵ̫ڲɫҲɰױڣƬ̹ѾĿȫǣ˽̼һķĩֻԼɼһ˵ 
ͬʱҲСˣûмһף˼ףԪ溵ĽѾˣһϲΪԷĵʱͻȻ󣬡ᡱ˲ʱֱ˻ȥ뱻˦úķ䣬ҷӦټҲʵûˣһӱ˦˳ȥ 
صر˦ϣޱȣҲ񷭽һܵ 
ȸղű䵭˺ܶ࣬ܿӣȻ˿ûźתתӵҲûʹı飬ֻ۾رš 
Ԫ溴һҪˣ 
ʱתĺѾԽԽϡֻмΧӴתܿ켸ƳһƣΧת˼Ȧ֮һƺͻȻƲӣϴȥŷתƸȦ֮󷴳ӵͷʧ 
صڵϣ۾ٿȻۿһţϵӡԡһѡ 
ȫŴˣΪڵˣû뵽֮һ̱ڵϡ 
죬һȥӵ˼ӻȻûзӦӵ۾һһ˿鶼ûСһƨڵϣӣ˵Ⱳź֪źʲô𣿡 
 





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һ 

       ĺ磬ĺ磡 Ӵ磬Ӵ磡 
ĺҽӴ磡 
Ӵ磬Ӵ硭 
ĺ磬ĺ硭 
ԺҸоԴεöˣǿ۾ӽұҡңﲻͣؽš 
ˣˣ 
źӽ˵ͻȻеһǿҵİ˺һҲؼʲô顣 
صأ 
ӽ˵˲ƵصǱߣǻԲѡ 
ǿұϲԶԪһҡһ߻ 
ҵҲ𣿡 
ӽͷû˵ 
Ҽһ˿Цû뵽Ľ 
ӽĬһû㲻Ӵ𣿡 
ӽô˵ҳһæôأҲȥġ 
ӽ㶼ӣôأ 
һ˻ԴںӽĲվߣǿ뿪 
Ԫ溿һۣӴô찡 
ҸӱϣſƤһǰããһƬһ鶼ûС 
ԪʵӴôˣ 
̾˿϶Ǳ鸽ˡߣӣ뿪˵ 
̫ˣԪ溺ͺӽסҺͺӽǿһ·ͻλƵģʱˤӡ 
Ԫ溱ϰĸҲܲĶǿ֧ȥ 
һճʵûˣòͣϢһ¡ 
Ԫ溵Ǵȥأ 
룬ԭ·ȥҲϤһЩǲðˡղҾڵıʲôΣգ궼һƬȻ˸е£ûгֱΣա 
ԪͻȻ϶ȥˣ 
ҪƽʱԪѧǽкԪ϶Һӿ϶ЦȴһЦ 
վкӽһӣ˵ز˾ǻǾ뿪źá 
ĸŤŤǰߡ 
ߵʱ䳤һЩһʮʯţԽԽһǰơ 
ӽҪϢһɣ 
ҼҡҡͷУ뿪طϢһ·ߵú˳ԽԽá 
Ԫ溵»û߳ȥ߲ˡ 
ŸӽͬһЩϢɣǲ̶ˡˣҪܵӾͺˣǶʡˮҲӦҵڡ 
˶ͷ 
ִһʯţʯһΣȻǰսͯӵǸƽ̨ڵϣ˸ͯȴ֪١ͻȻֲõĸоΪʲôָоԼ˵ 
Ծܿٶȴ߹ƽ̨ӽʵĺôأ 
̾˿Ȼر˵ɡ 
ԻҾҪһζ鸽ӦòѡĺԨͶϧȴˡ 
ӽֵǲǾúʧ 
ҿЦǺʧΪû 
ӽҶΪӴǱֵܻסӴǴСʶ𣿡 
ӽĻһӹҵĻ䣬æҡҡͷȲ˵Щˣǿ߰ɣ 
ԪͻȻϲֵһʯţף֣ 
ҽԪֵǰȥٻŶϷ 
ӽ˵صٻˣٻžǻӣغˣ 
Ҳ¼ӿŲǰȥٻҲϵʫΪΪ׮̥ٻţˡʱҾ;ʫָһ͸ˣǺ䣬̥ٻţˣʲô˼أ 
ȵȣٻŵʱͻȻΪҺ뵽˵ʲô 
Ԫ溻عͷʵôˣ 
ӽҲĪؿҡҵҲܳȥ 
˳Ծʲô 
ҵпܣпܣţţԽ˵ԽпܣæͺӽӷһߣĴ 
Ҳ׹ˣͷڵѰҡ 
ҴصϢ֮ĶǷʲôšͨ߶Ѩ 
˴Ӧһ 
Ҵǽǿʼһһĵڹ⻬ʯϣÿһζóȫʵĵġһҲɵĴ 
ӽԪǱҲûʲôչ 
ǽڼùȥһūıϣҪǵūǷʲôڣǰȴͻȻһӺˡ 
 



ڶ ĹӰ

       һûüѯʣԪ溱һûˣ ҷŵֱ̫˷লľԱĵزˡתһҲǣӿʼڣֵѾʱѾˣûҲҵңﻹбõûУӽȰҳϡ 
Χǵūҡū˿Ӧòǻء 
ûҵأֻһϡһ뵽ЩʱĹҶϽԲƵģȴ;Ȼӿһֵֹĸо 
ԪͻȻеǡǡ˭ 
һɿʯɨһ飬ֳԪ溣ˣ 
ӽҲŵָŶǽڣ棬Ӱ 
ߵ˱ϣһǽϹȻӰһһģģС 
ϵĺëһȫæһɨʯңʯȷʵĸ֮ޱˣӻڵϣҸֵǣǵӰӶӰȴǰ档 
Ԫ溶߶µǲСй 
ҵԼԼȻô˵ҲŵùǺϾ̫аˣʲôԽǷ˼ﷴԽ˾ʵǰҪ˭˵йҿ϶ţڲ˵ˡ 
ҽӹԪǰӰȥӽ 
ƶӰҲڲϵر仯Ҳɷ˽ŲսǹûˣӰǴģйҲ˵ͨû˵Ӱӵġ 
ǽڻм׵ľ룬ҵᵽɤֵۡ鷢ˣǰӰȴʧˣ 
Ҳ֮ʣԪͻȻһں棡 
ҺͺӽȻعͷͬʱһΪӰӲ֪ʲôʱѾܵ˺棬ǺǽϲֻһӰӣ 
ԪŵܵұϡҺͺӽһۣЩͷԡЩӰӱǰǸ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬Ծ˸ţ˸һȻ˾úԷ޵⡣ 
ӽҺúܶ࣬һǡŵӰӣ 
ʲôëȻŵӰӣûɣ 
ӽӦòῴ˵ǰ˼ҲֻøϣһǽϵӰַ˱仯ˣЩصһ 
ѾȷʲôˣĳصĹѧҰ뷨ͺ˵ˣҲصͷ 
ֻ˼ǽϵӰ֮С٣۴С߶٣ÿӰǱͬĴС 
Ԫ溺ȻǽҲУҲУۣҲУǽ϶ӰӰ 
ת˼ȦȻԪ˵ÿǽ϶ӰӣҾҴԵعƣСĿһ 
һģ龪һЩƨӰӣǸϽһء˵ŰݸԪ溣صղŪǸūϣôֻԪ溺Ĵ𣬲ͣػȥǽϵӰӱ仯 
ЩֵӰֻԶλòܿڼǽڣȴһӰӶһôǽһߺ˼룬ЩŵӰӣôŵӰأš̥ٻšٻţﲻٻ 
뵽ҺȻúõʲôϢæ߻ȥԪӹ򣬵ǿŵЩӰܲȫغϵһ𣡡 
ҾʯƶӰԽԽ࣬ңӰӿʼ٣٣ͣˣټˡǰӰֶ 
Ԫڸʲô 
˷ܵһأ˵ϿûͣȻǰӰֱ࣬ҾӰԽԽ٣ԽԽ٣ڣеӰӶе˶ǽϣһʣ 
ʱļԱӽҲ˵ص죬ˣ 
ҾϣǽϵӰӶҸϽŵ̲ˡٷŵͣҰڵϵʱӰغϵһ 
Ҵ󺰵죬ȥ￴ʲôأ 
˷ɿرȥԪ溼￴ 
ҵ˻סµλãָӣ 
æܻһܹȥҵŵ룡 
Ԫʵ𣿡 
ҵǣ㹻ϣӽԣһ㣬ңͣ 
ӽһãġһ죬˲еɹˣ 
ͻнһգȥ 
˲ͻȻʶʲôˣܸƭ˵ģҪѾ϶ˣţȻ֪ĹŸĳŲŹ֡ҲԼ̫⣬϶׿˵ѾȴôСġ 
룬ͨһصصˮ 
Ҹʱ򣬺ССĨһϵˮû£ˣʰһ¶ӣɣ 
 



 ˳

       ĸ˳ŲļĻһ·ƯȻʡ˺ܶӣҪҲһŵȴ̸Ĺۣ÷ˣǡӵĸױһ˴öࡣ һʱ䣬ǰʡٶֿϲ𽥱ȡˣˮƺԽԽʱûܣ˵ȴ 
Ԫ溹촽ˣʵʲʲôʱܡܵڰ 
ʵ˵Ҳ֪Һܵģ⻷ȫģȻɴӺӱҵҪһҵȴܲףʱźߣñӶҴˣڷ֮Ҫ·ȥʵû㹻İա 
ڵȻ˵᲻Ļҵùǣҵ綼ùˣҪܴʵڴ 
ǿѹͿˣټһǧס 
ӽҲùǺҧ㻹ϳʱ·𣿡 
̵ȻˣİɣֻҪܼסҿ϶û⣡ 
˵ͻȻֵС쿴ﻹûɿ 
Ԫһɿ̾ӣһúӽסһڱ﷭ 
ҽסһ±˿ûһתƿǵעȴͻȻӣʧˣ 
˾ô£˲ϻشӵȥĺ֣ºҲƽ£ƺû̹ܵǵĺˮӰ졣 
ģ˿ҲٽţҲʲôԪҳɿ˷ųˣʵɮ٣άֵ㹻ˮƽǰ滹֪Ҫ߶Զҵڡ 
ԪͻȻҺ 
æɲ˯ţһ˯žҲѲˣ 
Ԫ溵㽲ɣȻҪ˯ˡ 
Ҳɴüͷὲʲô£С󣬺û˸ҽ¡Ͳ˵ĶҸ½أ 
ҿ˼֮ʣӽͻȻʲô 
Ԫ溡ˡһȻˮˣʲô˵˺Ȼͬʱɫٲ 
һƾ˵ġ¡֮ǰ治ԶȻǺ˾޴Ż˾ĶǵҲܲ³֮󣬿²һʮ֮¡ 
˻æϿȥ֪̫ŻٽٲˮƱļˮأֻģǰٶȴˡ 
ӽȥ죬ӣ 
ҸϽԭָźӽû뵽ҲѾǺò˶٣ȴʱ밶׵ľ룬ʵڲԶֻҪǰһԾ㲦ˮɾͿԶɹȥȴױңɼټ֫ľ˭ûιȥĿˡ 
Ԫ溼һȱԽԽˮǰ棬䣬ٿµȥҺֻһתڶȫĻž޴ˮһ̶ȥȥ 
һֱرӣڿյһҲûз֣Ҳҷ֣ʲô⡣ˮҸоֱ׹Ȼظʹ˳̵ֽŲϻˮӲ֪ˮǰûʱ䳤˿ֲ֧ס뵽˵㣬Ҹǲһϻ׻ˮ棬ֱӿˮϳȥ 
ãȻҵܻܲʵڲ˵˰ߣȥӵˮд󾪣æϥ£ӷҵϥϣһһµıƵģֱ˺ôһ̱ˮ 
ӽµʱҲץסӣ½Ĺв֪ôûץסҲԶѾֻԪӰ 
ӽǿ֧ҪȥʱͻȻԪ溵ĺߣô죿ҹȥˣ 
ҵȱˣźǰߣǱ߰ɣȵˮƽĵطι 
ԪεشӦˡϢٴγ 
ҵ鶼תϾѾӳ˹ĹǼһС 
ҹ۲һΧĻǻһƬԭϣڵʱҹֱ֪ʲôʱˣǹ㣬ҹĻĵøӸԶвĲԭϵҹǳ䣬ټǸմˮʪ÷һǶùǺ 
˲ԶˮƱ仺ԪȲιʱϵ·Ѿ÷紵ˣȴֻҸĵݴȶһ㡣 
ҷͷЩɲݡ֮ĶһŻž΢ůһЩ 
ڸоһһжˡ 
ҵǴӻܽȥûнͨ߿Ҳ߲ 
ӽӦܽ 
ҵүү֪زȥϴ㲻˵үүȫ˶ץҺҪóȻȥĻ 
ӽٺ١Ц˼һʵүүţʵֻ˼֣ôӴġ 
ôСһӣүүŶ϶ôôӴأǹŴ𣿡 
ҼӽүүˣȻҲֻøŸĿڡ 
ӽҲ֪Ҹ˽ӴҲ࣬ƽҲҼˣͼɣоС˳ӵĵ˵ﺫӽ˳ʱĲ״ɫȻ 
תʵǴӻжԶ 
ӽվ˿ԶǼɫʯݣµ߽һ·źߣת 
Ȼ֪뽫һξ룬û뵽Ҫһ졣Щʧصǽֻҹˡ 
ӽȻ㻹ҪЩ𣿡 
ҳĬһˣЩЩɲҡ 
ӽҲĬһɣҵ˼ҪѰĻҿ԰㣬 
ҿЦʱ䲻ˣץʱϢɣ컹Ҫ· 
ʵ˶ѵļޣҲ߲ˣҹҲڹĹǿˣ˵лѣﻹһ񡣲ûҵˣŮѼȻ˯ 
Сְ˵ôôΰ˽ 
˵һ䣬Щ̺࣬ɵӱϣһºȻûˣһ˯ȥ 
 



 ʬ

       ѾãһƵģ ۾һҫ۵̵۾ۡ 
ӣҾһҲΰɣ˵ʹ۾ 
ɵ˰㣿ұֲŮ·ʲôκģ 
һӴӵϵϲûˣ 
Ӳؿңʲô£ʲôһûأôˣ 
ӽԪҲˣؿӣӿֿǸһʱͷԡ 
Ǵͷβϸؽһ飬ҵĽӺ¶ϲɫüҽеĶ鸽ʱ򾹵ɴ۾һŵӡ 
ȫˣҡҡͷ̾Ϣ׻ûеıϧˡ 
ػԾˣҪƲҪ˵֮⣬Ҳףԭô¡ 
ӼǶ˵ֵô죿ظ𣿡 
Ұ˼˵ˣ죬û˵ʲô 
ĸ˼򵥵ʰһ¶źǰֱߵ°Σ漣ʧˣٰӽ˵ģת 
û뵽ӿҴһٲĴӾȻһ½ӣȻ컯֮棬ʵڳ 
һֱߵƻ裬ǰԼɼ飬мϡϡĴǸССĴţƮ 
ҰƽҲճϢҲǺֵܿ𣿺αطҪԴڿϳأ 
žұһѡ 
ҪҰ˵һعͷȥһ֮һ 
ӵŤټȫһȻڳĳ־޴ʹࡣ 
ӣҴһסӽԪҲ֪ؿʹ಻ӡ 
ŤϣһɺƲϺ£һͣϣһִܵüĴڶͷϷֿͷִܿԺܻ 
ʹڵϴסӽԪ溳æǿס 
ӽ飡 
ҵͷͷζĺȥմɲǣȫһ飬һ񱻸ѹһ£ڡһ 
ĺ磡ӽܹҡվһ̣ÿƽµϦȻôˡ 
ʱذϵĺʧظҹΣȻԡ 
ҵ߰ɣǱץʱ䣡 
ҹʱڵ˽ϵһӣҺͺӽӣԪ߹ȥš 
˰죬Ųš֨ѽһ򿪣ԪŵüһһҲɵһŵݵƤͷӣͷԼĽŵס 
Ұ˵ˣ죬˲̧ͷǣһְ̧һ˴ʮͣɫޱȣһѪɫûУȻȻЩʬһ 
һۣɵȥ 
ʱǸͷȴˣصûУǵ˼ʰɣ 
ɴ⣬æĶӣ˰ﲻæемûΪǣ֮ 
ԶԪµʵôȥЩ 
ҵҿҲ񣬲֪ô£Ӷ˾ùֵֹģ󣬺󡭡һʱ벻ôݡ 
ӽô죿ҪŪͨôأ 
ҵţÿһſÿҵ˶ģҲ˵ʲôֲԣǸ಻ã಻ɫȻѿ 
˵䣬ֵһǰԪβȥˣסӣԼ߹ȥš 
ˡ 
˭ѽ 
˶һۣسˣδøղ෴ 
꣬һ߹ţš֨ѽһҵıԪһұҲ͵һԾ׿⡣ 
˷۳ңûصʲô£ 
ӦúᣬʮңȴǰͷһģһɫƵ˲˵ϡϣֻҪ¶Ƥȫƣͷָ꣬ʮûϴһ 
ѵ˶ͬһֲֹ 
Ǻ϶ûаӽҲûУӽĶҲûС 
ǵôأ 
˼Ҳ˵Ƴ˷ӵԪ溺ͺӽһۣͻȻѡһűˡ 
 



 ˳ӵĵ

       ͻȻ֮䣬Ҹӵչޱȣǰû뵽ôݣ뵽ˣһĹһţɭɭ ȻӽԪҲͬĸоȻһʾסҡ 
ӽһֱǰѵûмЩѵûиоգ 
ӽãȻҡҡͷûУҺٳүҳʹҲǵԭȥٵ˼Ҵš˵ﺫӽң񿴵Ҵһתߣ㻳ң 
û˵ҾӦúúһ롣ӽȥͻȻǰ壬һ°ײͬʱͳǹ𶯣 
ӽԾؿҵʲô 
ҵ⻰ŶԣҪʲôصúܺ𣿸ղǲҪ 
ӽ˵ڵϺݺݶţҪɿ 
üͷһʱжϲ٣ģĶɿ 
ʱӽѰɿ˳ԹؿҵںС溸ҵʱûó꣬ҡûԹɿ͡͡ 
ҿԪһۣԪĪؿţΪʲôͻȻ֮仳ӽ 
ǹ˼ЦЦ̫ˣԲ𣬲С͡ 
ˣӽҵˣ˵תǰȥ 
Ԫ溼ȥĶ 
ӽ˳Ӽңڿֻһطȥˡ 
ҺԪæӸϡ 
ʵһɵû˼˵ǺӽȻȥѰȻֻܸʵһʣû취Сȴһ֪Ҳɵ뵽һΪǺ϶ŵߵˡ 
ãûɴ 
˳ӼңӽҲûþֱŽȥˣæϡ 
Ǽȴûˣ˼лӦ 
ӽǳȥˣȵȣȰӴŵݵĿϰɣ 
ҴӦһҪԪ溰ӷݣͻȻﴫһ˭ѽС𣿡 
ӽүүҡ 
ͷôˣҶ˯ˣʲô𣿡 
ʱѷԪ溷ӵݣȻ˯ˣô˯Ҳʲô˲õĴ⡣ҺԪȴɵˣͷ˵˯ˣɿϸûˡӵģ˯ȥˣ 
жԪ 
ӷɺã뿴ȴײͷϡ 
ѽ˴ӿϡ϶Ĩڵģǣʵǣ 
ҲûЦʵ˵˯ˣ˯棿 
鲻ãһɨȥݣԺӽȥϴһ¡ 
Ԫ̲סꡱһЦ˳ëɣ 
ӽҲôüͷɫ˵Ժ󻹵ÿæء 
һͷϴݺݵسһۣתӽСʲô£ 
ӽָǵҵĺѡ 
϶תͷǣһÿɷӣȻźӽʲôѣ벻ѡʱҺԪȫһòĵɽװ 
ҲһȻɫǰ˺óֻܶ࣬Ҫϸֱ棬ܿһڶɫ 
ӽԥүү 
ͷϺӽҺԪ溵ǷĹģ 
ҺԪ溶һۣͷû뵽ͷ۹⾹ôһӾܿǵݡ 
ͷһЦ¶һڻưųģζ 
ҳһʬôʱ䣬Ͽ϶ζȻô˵ĻӦòǰһΪʲôҲ͸һɫأ 
ӽ˵ͷְˣضǵҿ԰ǣҪľңͷβϸϸ˵һ䶼Ҫ¡ 
˻࿴һۣͷһѴҺӽĺԨ뿪ʼһֱͷΪֹԭԭϸŵؽһ顣ڼ̳ͷĶӲһڣұᣬһ˵˵ȫʱѾ°ҹ 
ͷûдңӲϵıҲδʲô仯һֱǰȷʵúרע 
˵ʱһ˳Ĭ 
ӽ֪үү̫ѹˣڰ˳㡣 
û뵽ͷŴЦȫһЦˣŵصҲΪ˳ӵѹΪǶ˵ʵڡһѡ 
˻һۣͷΪʲôҪô˵ 
һͷ֪Ϊʲô˯ڿϣȴҪ𣿡 
ﰵһ˭֪Ϊʲôſ˯ȴƫƫϲ꿻Ѳй񱣿 
Ԫ溵Ϊʲô 
ͷûлشʵǿжꣿ 
ԪΪҪŵүүúܣҿʮ꣡ 
ͷ΢ЦҡҡͷĿתҡһʱҲûŪͷʲô˼ֻÿӽʶͷӦ֪ñǶࡣ 
ӽüͷҺСʱүүڵģҲ¡ʮ꣬Բԣ 
ͷҡҡͷ꣬Ƶصһˡ 
 



 

       Ҳ۾ӽԪҲŴͣ춼ϲϡ 廹Ƥͷǰͷǰˣղźӽ˵ʮΪѾ˵ˣȴû뵽ʵԲʮ֮ࡣ 
ͷǶ˵ʵǲеΪʲôһôʱ䣿 
ôһҸɶͷԣ֮ƺԼΪûôʱƵġ 
Ϊʲô 
ʵĻԪ溣ҲֻСʲźһһϼһʹǽ賵Ĵ̥С 
ͷ̧ͷޱصΪһֱ˯ڿС 
ͷ׸ʲôϷû˵˯ڿпٵģҪˣǣǾǡѵйŹ֣ 
뵽ʵʲôҪҲˣٺ٣˯ϼ죬û׼ܶ꣡ 
ߣͷͻȻվȥúӽæȰʹͷӻҸԺ㣬Ķ˵ʲôˣ 
϶δҵҪ֪⿻ʲôұ֤Ҳ˯ 
ҸϽǣǿﵽʲô 
ͷɫԻصʬ 
ͬʱһԪ溸ûʬʣ֪ΪʬմϱߣӦòʲôöǿҵĺģҲҶˡ 
ҵôʬأǲÿ˼ҵĿﶼʬǰǷҲʬ 
һ˼⣬ʵҵԶֹˣʵ̫ˣͷ޷ش 
ͷͷӵЩʶÿ˼ҵĿﶼʬܳǰӦöҴеʬȻҲأȫѪɫȫƣΪʲôʬ˵ͻˡ 
ҵǷйأ 
ͷһۣǵģ׼ȷ˵뺫Ԫйء 
ӽһ£ʧүүʲôϵ 
ͷվŲӣ૵Ϻǣһϣ˶ˣ 
⻰Ҳһе֣ȻһжָϵģǲԭϺɫʯйʤĸϸ˿ͭβ򣬻Ǿ޴ʯԾŵķˮ֣κţһϺʬӦǸ̳ϧȴûлῴ 
ҵܷϸ˵˵ 
ͷֹͣⲽ񱻴°㣬ҲǺһǰɡ 
һͬʱվȴҴͷ˵ 
ͷʾ£Ԫػʹμ˾ǸʱͿʼ׷ϵĴƣҲ֪ǴѧЩаģ׷ȴܶ࣬ǲһеǱ˱ػ̫꣬ĸȫıˣ̫걾͵ķˮƣŪʲôɵƮĶ 
ʵ̲סˣʵ̫ôʬô£ 
ͷʲôأ˭ĳأʱһһعȥ׷˶Īˣ˶ܵͽ̫ꡭϵˣµˣһһĳϣЩȴú棬˻ǺԪǣһû֤ݣΪǼ˾λ̫ˡ漣ˣԽԽв˶ԻһϣǺԪŸˡ 
ҵǲǺԪѾȥЩأ 
ͷƳһ۵ôЩ 
ҵҲ˵ģ˵ʬʹ˳٣ŴҲʬ 
ͷصͷ˿ֽŵʬȻ˳٣˵׻һֶڽȾʬͱòˣȻܶϼʮ꣬ʵʬࡣȵپʱǱңһޣɺʶʬ 
ҲŻȻԼǧƵʬԭô¡ġ϶ֽƻһֱγһϢѭʬ٣ԴԴϵʬʬԴ 
ҺȻͷҲǽʬŻһٶģȴǷǳʹ޺ԪʵҲǳϵܺ𣿡 
ͷһ㶣·ղԼô¶Ƶģһ˵̾²װ 
һѵҲǡԪ׷ߣ 
ͷҰ죬ĬȻͷֵ˳ˣÿһɱ⣬ 
ƣʵȻѾѣΪʲôҪ굽˯أ 
⻰ʳ̺ڲѣΪô˵Եʮֲ˲źõ˼ 
û뵽ͷΪ⣬ϵıȴʹ֮ɫ̶ԽݾͻԽ뿪ʬ²ȫöʵûнˣǿɫѿⶼǼʵÿ춼ܵҪҲ֪ôźá 
ǶȻԪ֪˶ˡ 
ԪͻȻʵҲܳϰ϶ܳ׶ˣ 
ͷ˵ʹӾ磬гϣ˲ˣԶЩ꣬ÿԪҹƣţСһʮˡ 
һʮ꣡ 
Ϊ֮һ 
ЩʲôȴͻȻ࣬ࡱ˼Ҳ˼ЦЦӽ̵үүһ඼ûԶˣܲܡ 
ͷͷתȥԺķ 
ԪûյұϣʵʬʲôΪʲôʬʹ䳤أ 
ҡҡͷʬʲôҲ˵ϣֻ֪ʬȻһ壬ܱ֤ʬйĻǾʬʮа˾žͲḯáΪʲôʹ˳٣ԭͬ˵³´лйأסںĻҪȾסȵĻ˵ҪһؼܾΪ³´лˣ˥ϡ 
Ԫ溡ŶһҲ֪˻ǲû 
һͷŪЩԵĽӡкͻƽͶòˣҲ߶ʮһ˦ӾһͨԴһ߳һŵڣϧȴܺһá 
 



 

       뵽ְӵ״˵һ飬ͷûʲô취 ͷ̾ʵڰﲻˣȻҸ˺Ԫʮ꣬аû˵ᴫڸҡǸСֵܷʱʲô֣ 
ҰӸжɷʱʱıֶ˵ˣͷͷ˼һɷһĶɷԺķÿζһҪǲҵİ취СֵҲ˶೤ʱˡ 
Ҹ˵ͷֽŵԺҪǧСЩܻ˺ǡ 
ҵͷʾ֪漴ְѸղűȥĻ˵һĴ㡣ͷ˵ͷӦкܶʿܻа취ģҲҪڵģֻһҪ죬ԽԽá 
ͷôһ˵ҲҪ̾ߣԪʵ۵òˣʵҲ㣬ֻϢмСʱҲһʱ̡ 
ͷ˵Щ˿Ҳô̾һкϢ 
ڶʱԴȣкҲ˲ϴ 
ҵԺˮϴһϴ˺ӽԪ溡 
ͷأӣϵʳĶ˼СࡣӱиÿҲ֪Ӧͷ׼ʳ 
ʳǿֵȥˡ 
ҵ㲻ǵ𣿡 
Ӹ˲ϴң첻صʲô£ 
ҵû£԰ɣǾ· 
ڻʹθȴúã̫ʵĸ˵θڶƣʱ˻ 
ͷϲѾ׼ˣǳͿ߰ɡ 
ĸ˸Ͻ꣬򵥵ʰһ¶ͷ⣬ϵ澹ƥӱԹͷһƥͷϲüҡ 
ӽҧ촽үүˣһ߿ܾ͡Ҳˣ 
ͷصصͷǧˣ뿪طԶ뿪ɣδ· 
ӽۿתʵ˵ 
кͷȭлл 
ͷҵļ򣬵ĪҪ˵ˣ߰ɣ 
Ҹмؿһۣתȥ 
ǲͬڿʮһţһѳ۳˽壬ʱ·ȥӲǰ棬ʱͣ£Ǹʱһ󼱱 
Ԫ溴ûںͺӽһ˷֮ԱӺرźӽӴôð 
ӹЦǣӣж೤ʱûˣ 
ҲոȾмˣûˡ˵˵ѹҪû˸öãʹοֶ飬ֻҪҶƽƽģҲǸܺõĽ 
Ӵһֲܵǰȥˡ 
ҵŵܵԶ;ô﷨Ҫˡ 
Է٣ǲζСһֱߵ磬ϢЩϣټǰһֱϲ˸ʵĵطӪկַһΣʹαһμӾࡣ 
Թ̸֮·һ̶ܶ顣ĿӱޣҲֱٽʱŸϵĪ£ӻ֮Ҳųȥҹϵ˸УûƱ賿ӷرĻ𳵡 
Ūϻ𳵿ʵһ򣬸˲Ŀ 
󣬵ﱱĵطҲϤֻûסϴ˼԰ϵǸõ꣬ҲһЩȫźԺǰ˼԰Ϊȥˣ󲿷˶Ѿ̯ˣֻ㬵ػ 
ʧǵӣӽοԪԥԥأҪʲôҪ˵ 
ҵôˣʲô£лֱ˵ 
Ԫҧ촽롭ؼңҡ 
һЦǺ°Ҳܳʱ˰ɣ˿϶ܹ㡣 
Ԫ溵˵˵ſ˿ӽֽŵҳôǲǡ 
µҪ˵ʲôĲ˵ʹѪһ̳Ĵţ֤˵ĹϵǱѰټ˳ָһģӿ̳һʮа˾˫̥ãҪǾôóȻϺвףҪǲأƺף˵һ𻹲֪ûлټίʵϧԪҲΪ˲ԥ 
ӽֱԪ溵ǳﳤŮ¿÷ǳΪѡ 
˶ңʲôõİ취 
룬ɣȡеķϸɽãҲһݣȻϵʽԺлԿɼ棬ɡ 
˵ͷⷽԪùӵıʺֽѵַдӽӽʵʱȴסˣ̧ͷҵĶ 
ҲΪ֮һ㶣 
Ԫ͵ЦʲôǸģ¿޿ģ㲻ɣ 
˵¿ĺҪʲôϵ˵ӳңɻô˵ȴһģѾɺƨˡ 
ҰףҪҽʲôġ˵ŽӹдҼҵĵַд͵Ƴ˺ӽһ£ҲɳƬơ 
 



ڰ 

       ڶԹ緹һͱ˼԰Ϊȥ̫磬̯ܶӻûš ӽû飬һȫξĻģȻʲôʡϡ棬ͣǡӵĿζʱشϲöԲԡףͬ־Ըһ֪ 
ʵȥˣҪԷȴͻȻǰһ˵Ĵ 
Ҳ۹·˷ˣȻҲǣС˵ܲ˹ 
Ӵλүôţ˵ѹضɣ̲֣ҪҳĻˮ۲ҽү㻹˽˵ֶˡ 
Ŵ飬ȴ̾˿ 
εȻԹɫ֮ˣ̾쵽鲻ԣϵλүԵȣﲻ˵ĵطǱλǶģҸǽӷϴ˵Ҵһȥˡ 
ҺӶһۣԿЦֻкӽȤ鰡Ǻˡ 
ӲмøƨΪҺͺһ 
ӽҪϸʣ˹ĸֱġ 
Ļһ˿ͶûУĸϰС䣬ͺһר̸ĵط 
źӽһЦǣ 
ҵһѣҺ˵龭֪ˡ 
ͷҲʣһƲ̿ţðӹ˲첻죬ˮ۵ͳջأѴɵˡ 
ղ٣үǰ 
Ӹ˲˵һصͷͳԣһ̺ӽ˲ϡ 
ҵ绹û𣿡 
̾˵أҲˣһŶûУأ 
Ҳǵˣ˵Ȼ⵹ʵʵǰԴڿϵĹȥ޻ص˶ȥˣܰȫҲ㲻á 
ҵүҲ̫ģֿɲһܱȵģӦò󡣡 
ͷǵǣүֶΣ٣ҿۼǲڵУξҲ 
ֵϵҲҿȻ⹴˲٣ɫĲ࣬ϵ֮ܵһ 
Ҳ̾ү߿ˣ顣 
һ㶣Ȼʲôշαؼƽһһصĵʧëϯ˼˵úãֻҪʱطΪҪõرط 
ұÿЦã¶ǣ˵͵ü 
ɫҲΪ߿˵ɥǡҴͷ˵ɣǴӱߺ󡭡 
Ǻģһֱ˵֪꣬˶ɷɫ䣬ºְܼ 
ҵǰⲻ취ˣڱѰѰˣȫ̽үˣ˵žƱҲٱĺֵǧ⣬Ѳף֪ѸѵãǺͺүһˣҾƴǵġ 
æصͷ˾Ͷлˣ 
̾ⳤǺ˲ǳģүϴε϶Ҳô낳鶼ŪԴȥˡ 
낳ʲô 
˭֪ʲôֽʲô˵˵ǻƵģ˼г֮Чɻƭ˵ģҲû϶ʬɡ 
̾ 
ˣүϴεһչǾϧˣȻĻ϶κӣ¹ʲôɷ֣չǾһջ̻ҷ𣡡 
æʸϸһˣʵʲôûá 
Ѿ˸߰˳ɣãʲô𣿡 
´٩û꣬æѻͷӹү֪֪ûʲô˶аģ 
޵ǺúӣȫϣתҵھһˣǺүϴȥԿʱرġ 
ҵĪǸϹӣ 
Цû뵽Ҳ˵ 
ҵһΣ˲̫װɣܻ𳵣Ǯɣ϶ɲˡ 
ЦЦһھƣǶɱ˵ģǮڣʱûıֶγ𣿲ģԼ˵ȻȻϹ˵׻ЩʵѧģǰͬУУξжʿǶӣϵʱ򶪵ġ 
һ˵ô࣬һ᲻ʲôģжʿһҲ˵ֶ¡ 
ҵ˼ûҵ˼˵Ϲ˼ʶĹ㣬ֵܶܵһЩ˽⣬źеķʧǣ 
ҵͷǽүܵôɣҾһ 
Ҳžٱһ 
סõ겻ʣúүǰҸտӣǰǶȥˡ 
ҵⲻðɣ 
ˣһ֣ˣүҲôģɣˡ 
̸һ㷹λүһϹȥҲû׼ҲҵõǻõϢ𣿡 
ͣ鷳үˡ 
ʺ뿪ȴߣһˣҲ鱾ͲãһֱԺȵӣǺӽ˵Ļưͻصõꡣ 
Ƕȵ²ʡѣ˴󺰣ϷˣСӿӼݣ 
ӽȥţͿһ˫Ԫīһʯȵվ⡣ 
ʹû˵Ϲӵ꣡ 
 



ھ 

       һϹô˵ƾһ룬ȥӭϹӡ ϹҰڰ֣ʾҲҪ˵ҿһվĴҵͷ 
Ϲߵӱϣӵͷӵ֣ϱһ飬Ȼȷʵꡣ 
ʵʲô˼ 
Ϲ°ϡϵһɽҡͷԵص˵λҲҪżϷ 
һͷ̧žϹһţѾ׽ʽɲɣ˵ĺֵԼˣүĺѣ 
ϹӸɿˣϰˣλ֣֡ϷµòλֵǴ״̬νأǱĻǱƵ֮⣬һǿУ׻˵һ˰ҿλֵ൱ 
ôüͷϹӵ˼˵ĵ׶Բԣһʱ޷жϣʵôأ 
Ϲӷ£ϹӵΪУϷɷˣɷҲɷܺ߻ǰʢѪʱ£Щʱղŷۺߵˣδһľ档 
ҵȻûôܶ϶أ 
ϹӲõϷô˵Ȼ޵ĵѵƭСɣ 
ҼҲǸ˼Ҫᡣ 
ϹӰڰ֣Ȼ֣Ҳȫް취 
˴ϲ 
ϹɫԻСӿɽ̡Ϸɲˣָֻ·ȥߡܲܳ£Ҫȵ컯ˡ 
ҵԡ 
Ϲӵܼ򵥣һɽĸˣΪֵϵĶɷһҪ־ԽԽѣ鷳ҲԽࡣ 
ҺʹҰŰɵ⡭ôоҪƵģ 
ϹӡᡱһվϷԾڴˣȥҲ˵ôȥҴƣ˼һ 
£Ϲ˵ĻüͷӽүүƢô󰡣һ仰˵þˡ 
ҵ˵ˣ߸ʲô 
ӽ˵ö𣿡 
ҡҡͷҲ֪ȥе˽һЩҲǺõģܱäϹǿ 
һأһž͵ĺֵܾô 
ҰѸղŵĻ˵ˣҲеУޡǰһйȴôˣȻ䲻УȻҲкܶ࣬Щǲó͵ġ 
ҵͷʵҺγأ˼̫ˡҵȥɽʿأ 
ЦЦӦòѣľųҪ˶ûеĻҲ㲻ˣ˵ĴָŵͰϣߣתƵүҰɣ̫㡣 
ҵһлʹӽһ𣬼ӣֱ 
Ӳ֪ǲΪˣȫľĵزûǰ漸һֳʹΡ 
ڶһ磬һû˯ѾӴСԼͷۣҸϽӴԴڿȥ 
ҼôˣǲǺȾƺȵģ 
ܻصɲˣʲôʱ򵽺ˣ 
ȴûô򵥣߹ȥӰɳϣͷȥʵʲôףⷲʲôأ 
Ұοһӣµˣֻ¥ȥ͡ 
Ͷͻʱ򣬿һںǰ̽ͷ̽Ե 
һѣ˭ 
˲ɽһۣ˵ģݵ𣿡 
ҰѵɽʿȻôˣ̫æˣָм 
ҵɽģ 
һͦȭɽһŴӣžẒָ́ 
Ұڰ֣ʾôʽ˵ôҲʿˣתһ룬˲ò࣬ǰý 
һ֮ŵſڱϣסĴȥѽǼ󰡣 
Ӻͺӽֵؿ꺺ӣԾʧ̬æλ˰ɣ 
һЩУһ۾Ϳ˵ӡ 
Ӱ۾һɣɳվ 
ЦЦ¶ݵͦ׵ģܸʿйأţðź֪ôʩ 
ʾ£߹ȥָŵӶͷϣ۾һ 
Ƶؿһۣʲôˣ 
ߵſڰѰù򿪣óľ򡢻ֽƺȵȶˣ㲻ֲǰ㵱Ȼˡ 
ӳһۣҵͷ𼱣Կ 
Ҷ˵ŵֻ򣬷ңóֽӶͷϣرͷֽе𶯰 
Ūúȥ£ľʼﺬ첻ʩľ裬תȦżкȣСƮ 
ҺͺӽôüͷæһͻȻͣ£дһ̫Ͼƺ͹һڣۡһһһ 
˸ƣվһҲϡ 
һӵˣ 
ӸϽܵϴּȥϴһûüʣ˾͵һǧˡ 
ͷŭǮ⣬Ǹɵʲôѽʲô˵ģôʲôû 
溬΢Цָ𣿡 
Ƶˡ 
ӵˣ㿴ղŲŵڲ˾ͱʾɹ˵һǧ飬ҲǰʦµĹأûҪۡ 
Цã㻹֪ҪʣҲ㣬ϽжôԶôԶ 
Ӽô˰㻹ʰǳˣҪⱨӦģ 
ҺжԶԶٿ㣡 
ӻһͳǹϣѧĿ֪֪ǸʲôģŲŰһǹȥ̫Ͼ 
ŻæʰŶӡ 
ӽ̲סЦҲеֺֺЦ֪Ķôһ 
 



ʮ 

       ϴôѾˣһүֶأ ҵˣڻ췹Զס 
ӳһ۵˵õɡ 
ҵͷ𣿡 
ͷˡ 
ҴȤ㿴Ч 
ŬŬ죬ʼԷ۾ʱƳȥӽһӶɳˡҲֲ˭ûпأ 
극һˮҵĲҶһɫǼƷǱ޴ȵǴ񫡣 
Ӹĥ߶Ҫȥ͸͸ʱ 
߹ȥţһʮʮ֮վ⣬Ϊ࣬ɫǼ֮ͨ 
ܵλĺλ̺ 
æȥһ֮¿ʼҲЩ£Ϊͣҷǳ 
̺ý֮ߵһߵղһˣǲܵģ 
ƵؿңҡҡͷҰѸղŷ齲һ飬ҲһֺЦֺӣҴ˵ʱȥˡҵͷӦ 
̺￴һȦӱϣҲ˵ϻֱӵͷ 
ͷ̺һȥɣǲǸоر񣿡 
ӿҺʹһۣͷ 
̧̺֣һͷȥһ֮ͻȻ񴥵һ˻̺۾̧֣Һ󿴼һŰ׹ϣˮתһתͷҲͬķӦ 
ꡱһ̺ҲһӱҪѱˤڵϡ 
ȥס̺ȴͻȻվֵĳܣɣ˵ȥ 
Һʹվеϣ̺ȴͻȻ˵ֻ 
ʹɫæ׷ȥ¥׷̺ 
үүıҲˣҪ˾ȵѽôһߣĶȥѽǸǮ⣬ֻҪۡ 
̺ҡҡͷǮǮ⣬λϵĶ̫ҶԸˡ 
Ҽذæʵû취ˡ 
̺ǹ£ܰæ᲻أղѾԹˣǶǧĵУʵΪ 
Ǿûа취ܲؿһ˾ô˰ɣ 
̺̾ϧʦڣҲа취ʵ㡣 
ҵʦ 
̺ЦҲ֪˼ٲʮǰˡ 
ǿôźã漱ˡ 
ҵҪǲεĻӻһֱ𣿡 
̺ɫתأʵҲмڵĳڣҳΪ룬Ƕıѭ֣֮Ҳǰһϣ򱻻ǸסܼʱϵĶİʱԽԽ̣󳹵ױǸơ 
ųһ亹漴뵽Ϲ˵ȷʵǶԵģǸˡ 
ǲǰΪΪ𣿡 
̺Ҳô˵ǶδѣԼʹϣҲֻԣʱһĻ¾ͻвˣҪСġ 
ʵʲô˼ 
̺ԥѡʵ 
̺˵ĵطܲΣүǽף룡 
Ҹмؿ˴һ̺ۡͷǻص 
ɳϣӽչǽæӴȥˣ 
˶̺̺ڰֵõģղ̽ǶķӦǰˣµġ 
̺ѾǴӳ˯˼ǶѾ˯ǧ꣬ڳ˯УûȻЩʹ࣬ʵⲻ󡣡 
ҵأ 
̺üͷҲҪҪǶı£ҪĿԡˣһҲףǼΪģҪô˿סɷҪôڶɷʱһɥʧǣΪǶɷľӵ壬λȴ״̬ҪǴ￴ĻλĿӦúǿԺǿȴȻ꣬˵⵽ĳĺ֮ǰܹˣ 
ҾܹںԲλ 
̺ͷˣνյƣҼϸһյͷһյͷһյǴӺ𷢳ģˣѰյϨˡ 
ҲյӦôɣү˵ĿǲǾ˼ 
һ˵һ 
̺Բָ˵֡ʡȵȡ̺ɫ죬ʵĺôˣǷʲô 
ҳصصļ̳ʱΪ˶ʬĹһӳԹһ衣ʱȻȲѣֺӵĸо 
ֲ̺ãȫ˵ͨˡĺôȣǾҲ˵Ժ裬ڵ״̬ʵڲ룬ⶼеģĺ𡣡 
ҿô˵ɣ֪ȥǷʲô취 
̺˼ҪΪ˱ʬҩЧܳҲ˶졣ҩЧ󣬻һʱ䣬ҹ۲죬ûеǸʱ䡣Ǹʱﵽ㣬ټñŵ󷨺͵Ӧɷʱ 
һϣҺʹ¶ϲɫҵǸʱʲôʱ򣿡 
̺ҪĿԺǶĵһۺϵвĺҪ˵̫磬ȻһʱҲԶԵģʱܲɷɷ֮ܲշ⺦ˣʵڻһδ֪֮ɣٹҹʱȥʦһ£ܲóһеķʵݲðġ 
Һʹصͷ̺ȥ 
 



ʮһ Եѭ

       ̺󣬴΢һҲȥˣ˵Ҫȥչһ⣬ٹ ҺͺӽӷɺãŻԲѵӣҲ̾˿ 
ӽĺ̫ˣҿǸ˺ӦκӴġ 
ҵͷ˵ 
ΪҪ̺쿴ӵҲ˯£ֻøӽڿ￴ӣһƬǸݽӹС˵ıģ˿᲻£ӽȻýζʱǣʲôΪʲôϲɵһĹʲôŷΪʲôҪ󡹦ʲôͯôΪϲ𣬿ʼһػش𣬺Ϯ֪ʲôʱ˯ˡ 
ʱ˯ңϸһ̺ӣڱϣû 
ϴˣ׼¥ȥͣȻȥҴȴͻȻ 
ºɣ˻ģ 
һһˡ 
׼Цֵܱ 
˺Ȼڵ׿Ķʱϵĸˣ 
ҸϽǺýʵôˣ 
Ӿ£ǡ·ֵܡ 
ô˵ȴǴϲıҿһֱ¡һϣҵǻǲֵ֪Ը㲻֪ϴһǴ㣬Ѿˡ 
Цô˵ˣ½ԵĺֵԵʻᣬֻ컯ʵعڽ黳 
̾ôܲ黳أҲһӣĿһУڵѴüޣǧҪң 
Ӻһڲ裬ò裡ֵ֪ܿΪôúȣ 
ҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳ֪λֵһǵã 
ӰֹҼ˵ȥֵܲǸ֮ˣֻǶʲô¶ִţһִʧԺòҲúúȡ 
üͷĦźӻĻ˵ˡĺ³ᡣӡ 
ִҵֵҵһ룬ԵݣֵЩ£ҲԵݣ糣֮ 
Ұһҵеһ붼֪ˣѵҺͺӽעģѵһжעģ 
ҿЦ粻ҪȡЦˣӴ״̬Ҹôźã 
վҿֵܡ 
ҴϲϽѺҡΧŴת˼ȦɫеأſӵƤһü 
߻ؿʵǲ˵ɷǲǻδѣ 
Ӿؿһۣ˭˵ģ 
ҵиɽɵĵʿ˵ģ̺ 
ӺǺЦʮûСЩ 
־ϲԭʦоˣ˵־ƣ⺺ôǵҵ˵أ 
ȴƱ£ʮǰɵ𣬴Ӵ˾ͺ͵еһ˶ûˣҲǸʱܶ˶ң׷׷ģǺθɣ 
ҵͷʾ֧ͬ֡û뵽˻ôһβͬѰǰ¡ 
ͻȻ̾ʮˣһȴɼȻ˵վǾʹ˱Եٻɣ 
ҲϽվ绹ûָξӣ 
Ӷվסûлعͷϵ¶ӲԵݶ֣Ĳҩҽ廹ϵˣδķգδȥͻطհɣ˵Ҫߡ 
Ҽ˼ĪҪȥꣿ 
ӵ֮ǰأ 
һʱѣ૵֮ǰ 
ЦŶȥ 
ҴɳǺӵĻָʲôأ֮ǰȥ֮ǰȥһһһȥ֮ǰȥ֮ǰ 
ԴҲûȻǺ˵⣬ѵ˶˵Ҷʲôֱ˵𣿷Ҫһشԡ 
ӽҳüӣȥҽүɣƤҲʲô취 
ҵҲãȥͰɣҲһʲôʱ 
ӽͷҪߣŽ˲ײ滹̺ 
ҵҪȥأ 
үˣԽһ͸Ϲ粻ү룡 
º̺ȶɣ 
ҵͷҸռʦ 
̺һӴɳϵʵʲôʲôʱˣ 
ҵǸղţʵͼˣһֱ֪ڡǵʿˡ 
̺˼㱣֪ʮǰʦˣ 
ҵүѹˣʦǸ׷ˣ׷ԼĶΪ׹Ǹ˵һ硣˵ʵҲ޵ 
ͷ˵ʲôأôһ䶼 
ͣʵʦʲô֣ʼղ˵ 
̺ЦЦʦŴܣ˷֮ҾͲ֪ʲôˡʵʦǽʮɽܳ˲ţֻǱɵĶѾߵ׷ˣԶʮǰȻƽ̵ְλ˿ţӴѶȫޡ 
ҵͷҲ޵Ǹ˰ 
̺ʦô˵ģ 
Ұ˵һ飬̺ҲüͷʦҪǻ꣬˼Ҷˣڴ֮ǰȴһʱûס 
æǾȰõĽá 
̺ɷʬǵȻ꣬ǻɷؼҵ˼ͽǰ˵Ǹ⣬ǰѶɷܲܽסٰ鳾Ȼȥ֮ˡ 
һеҲͷ̺ȴ˼ʦ˵Ҹղ˵ô򵥣ʦͲô˵ˣֱӵһ±ɡ 
ҿ϶ǵģ϶Ҫһ裬ұȥ֮ǰɡɵʲôأ 
̺ʦǰ磬ӦڰʾҪɷ׽ 
ҼװѶɷ𣿡 
̺ҡҡͷ̸ףǶɷиԹأ˲²ӦǱԴֶκģ㣬Ҫֱѱȵ졣ʮ˸ɮʩʮ޺󣬵ӲӲѱ˵ 
ҵһҪǰһ취Ҳûˡ 
̺Ц벻ҲˣʦЩֻ˵ģ˵ġǰʦϴħʱΡ 
Һʹмؿ̺̺ͷ컨壬ʮȥˣû뵽ֵõʦָʾ˵ŰͷתǣصصİɣһΪ 
 



ʮ Ψһķ

       ڿ⣬ҺʹҵֻҪȥ֮ǰǸˣү˵ҪѶɷ׵ؽֲǾʲô˼أ ̺ӡԸ߳ɵĶɷΨһһʵĵطӡԶΪˡ 
һˣ 
˳Ծؿң̺뵽ʲô 
ǿѹ˷ܵǰЩӣҵ׿ĶзӡĶ飬ˣߡȻ˵ǽ廹ϵˣͷϵҲܵģǲȥĹ 
̺æͷпܣпܣһģɷȻһķǷסģʦ˼ӦǻضĹѰҷӡķ 
ҵԽԽÿ϶һ˼̫ˣԤԹˣʱһû¡ 
һôأǷӡ֮Ǽֽϵİɣ 
Ҳҵʣһ̺ 
̺Ȼǣ˭ĹôأҲ²⣬Ӧþֲķˮ󷨡ҩȵγɵĽơ 
ҵǺ𣿡 
̺Цǲ˵ȻЩѶȣѧ˵Ӧò̫ѣаա 
ҺʹͷҵǸ취ˣȥĹҷӡ֮ȥ꽫ӡó 
̺⣬˵ǶɷҪǱǾ䳬ɵĺãҽȱΪƽȣʵֺγǵҵһּأ 
Ҳ˼ЦЦҲôһ˵ 
²˳٣׼һ¾ͳɣ 
̺ãһȥʰһ£ҲЩ׼Ǿ 
̺󣬴ĺֵҪʲôܿүıûУЩװǲġ 
ҳ˼ȻͬڵĹǶĹǳаԣǸͼѶԸ̺ҲðЩĹܴϴνȥһҲûת꣬ͰĹװɣб޻ 
ͷİɡأҲһȥ𣿿»᲻㡣 
ҵ˵أҪȥĻǳͻ״ô죿ֲ̺տʵڲġүһ̺ĵʿ𣿡 
¶ɫȻʿ٣̺һģһʱҲϡ 
ҵʦأ첻˵ҪʦһʦֵıӦò֮¡ 
ʦȥɽˣˡ 
̾ϧ 
Ǿֵֻܴˣ·̺ϣӦûʲô⡣ 
ҵͷҲֻˡ 
Ƿͷ׼˵תҪߡ 
ҼȵȣүңܲȽӸң̻ϡ 
Ҽһǣôô⣬ϴǰǮһûأ٣ôţһϸٯ̧ǧֽһѾֱ֣˵ŴƤóһҵݵϡ 
ҲˣүģǶлˣ 
ӻ߳ȥˣϹʲô 
һ繻ѣҲҲˣ˶ˡҪĻ̺ȻӵСɾˡⶼˣôû 
߽ңԭˣŴڴϡ 
ҵˣͣʵĶ˳԰ţ 
ӵô𣿡 
Ϊ֮һ㵣ȥӵļ򣬵ûʲô˵ģа취ˣµûа취ֻҪа취ͳˡ 
Ӷҵӣҡ 
ססҽٹͷ˵ɥɲŽ硣 
ӿЦû˵ 
ӣȳԷɣ 
 



ʮ ɽʿ

       һ·£ᡣ ֻ˵һС̺ǲܴһ𣬶ǷֳģΪһЯ˺ܶ෨ıаĵȵȣڵɽʿΪһǱϣ򷭰ۡ鴤°ĭʱʣⲢɴһȴ̺ˡ 
ǵշתˮҹҲõģȰӷŵȥĹҲһЩ 
ңȻűǵݡ 
Ұ˵ˣְĴ¾˵һ£겻ѡ˵ӡķҲ˵ȷⶭĹ𣿡 
Զ̺ʦָġ 
ͷͻȻתҵϴġزͨ仯΢ݼ澭ӦҲзӡķ 
һӴϵʲôɣ澭ҿΣȻûشͷβӦûаҲǵÿȴҪеĻǿɰôԶˣôʱ䡣ҲãٲٽĹʡȥܶΣա 
ĺֵܴŵĻ򿪿 
æó澭Ŀ¼ϸϸšҶ۹ͶϣԶ̺Ҳе顣 
ͻȻǰһҺУа̫ˣʱȻû 
ҷ¾еķһ£ȥҲʧûа 
ô£һһûеģ 
ַһ飬Ŀ¼УȴûУ¡ 
̺ϣ͸뵽ʦ˵ġ 
ɿȼǶԸղԼʧĸΣʱҲˣںὫͳɣȥԸһ 
Ҫһ£ߵұСĺֵܣһ˵ 
Ҵкߵƫ 
Ǹʿ𣿡 
ü԰˾ͲҲߣʦЩԨԴʲô𣿡 
ҡҡͷûûУСӱ²¡ 
ҿֹʵʲôֱ˵ǡ 
ղžģɽɺéɽͣҲ֪ǰһɽʿȻڵéɽɣһ˻ʲôһֱû˵ 
ҵʲôأ 
а취ϵĶɷ 
ҳһҪͽĻǼȲٽĹҲðɽˮȥˣ˵ʵطҶǳȥδ֪˵УξҲйأͬһžɽΡ 
æʵʲôð취˵ 
éɽɽǽԴԶɽɱȡɽʿǰéɽھʮŴƽ̺ȵΪʦѧգԶéɽԼһ 
ҵ֪ԭôһδľ׼ȥʲôԸϵĶɷأ 
ʵ˵ˣֵܲǹжʮַӦ 
һ˼򵥣Щ̫ףزһĹ˶ɷ൱аţ˵𣿡 
ʲôꣿֻҪڸйֵ֣ϵĶɷų𣿡 
һˣ궼֪й֣תʵмɰأ 
СĴָɣ 
յֱֲͦ˵Уǰ˼ҵ˲СҵҪκӵĻǵȻٺòˣǼȲðٽĹҲǧرɹţҷǳлĺ꣬Ҳ֪Һӵĸ飬ʮգ治ԣΪһʧܵĻ޷еġ 
˵ʱҷɫϱ仯󲻵˵꣬شҵǸɽʿжٰգ 
һ°ʵסˣжٰҲ֪ȴܾΨһİ취Ҳɿİ취ֲʲôò£ôѧŸأģŪҴӦҲǣӦҲǡ 
ʱ̫̫ˣɴ⣬Ͻصݡ 
ڸӽţҽҲ̺֡ 
߹ȥ̺Ȿ黹Ǻõģ˺ܶ󷨣иӡ䡢̳ͼ״ָƷȵȣӦûа 
ҿ̺һӣҿûʲôãүϲ͸ɣ 
̺æңôأӲã򲻿ɣ򲻿ɡ 
ҰʲôɲɵģҲòϣǲ鰵ͶνˣӢۣһǶġ 
̺ԽܣⱾ̫ˣҪҿòĻӦǱʱĹžֵǣʵ֮ 
ҵүȷǱεĶȴһöûУү˻ɶЩħ£Ҳһ£ֶΪأ˵ȫүҸɣ 
̺ųϻ̳Ͽֵ£ĺȻһˣк񱨡 
ҿЦֻҪκþͰӷˡ 
̺оһжɣһͳ 
 
 




ʮ 

       ڶһ磬ҡӽ̡̺̤ǿϣɽʱҲѾ硣ٴɽɽҵǸ޴İݣ˽һСʱ ·̺Ұǰľгص˵һֻʬն˵̺һЩϸڣжϵǴǱ긽壬ֻǱ׺ͷ컭ϵɷӰˣڲ棬ʵڲ˵ 
ҵӦû棬Ȼϴǿ϶ͽˡ 
̺룬ǿһ 
ҿ̺ɫأвһɲԤС 
ӽȥ 
ŰһΣϴǸխҵˡ 
̺ͷó̿˿ϻʲôȥʱǧСģûĶǾΪһҰҪĶ 
Һͺӽͷ̺óһŷһСƿ˻ΣƿˮӽϣҲҵľ̺׼ģҲһֵݸһһŷ 
ʵ̲ס棬ʵʲôã 
̺ĵԹһĶԻãǻȳ֡ 
ֺöǸղϵʲôأ 
̺ǸûʵʣʩСʹǵԴ򵽹 
Ҹ̾һ̺ȥɣ 
Ҵͷµײյײ̺̾Ͷˣ΢Ļζ 
ҵû°ɣ 
̺û£ɽʲôɾĶ 
ɽҲʵͻȻ̺ǰҼֱ˸ʲôëͷСӡ 
̺ȻˣɽҲоĵطأԵҲŽ̫໥ġ 
ҵϴδĵգϴεˮѾɢˡ 
õɽҽ˳һӣ˳ȥ 
ҵСˣֵǰȥϴεľ飬ǰһߵú˳ֻ̺ʱҪڱʼǱֻּ 
ҵǰµʯݣһĲ㣬ʯһʯţʯʨ֮Ծ˵ϸһЩ̺ṩܶϢ 
һʯݣǰͻȻһѬҲû³ 
̺ʬ 
ҺȻˣϴνʱˣûܰȥʬ帯˷ġ 
˼һʬ壬ζǴϷġűȥһţʬ巭תѾͿˣֱ󱳵ļ׵ǣᡱܳʮֻСȵʬ 
üôҲʬ 
̺߹ȥʵ𣿡 
ϸһۣʬѾеĿȫˣȷǲҵ·񡣡 
̺жġ 
ҵԣǾӦˣǱҧġ 
̺ͷأСĵ㣡 
һ㣬ֿһʬ壬״ղŵһģһҾѵ֮ 
̺޺޵صˣҲжģεð鳹𣬲ٺˣ 
Һͺӽͷֵ̺ԤҪӣԴǽ֮ķˮѾƻˣҲи˼Ķ׼ 
ҺȻУξĹأͬһĹԲܽΣǲͬ½˷ˮҵѨǻ 
ʱѵʯţֵսȥۣЩˮȥ 
߽ȥˮպû档ۏˮ˵Ŀֲ 
̺˻̣ˣ̫أ̷ӦЩˡ 
ҵôôأ˵Ӧð 
̺ﱾݿɽֽˮˮټЩʬһء 
ðզ࣬ϣҪʲôźá 
ҵϴǽҲִܲ٣ֱӽĹң׿Ĺ餾ģи̳ӡ 
˵ѾǸ̳ӱϡȻ̲̫ˣ̺ȿ˿̲ߵ̳ӱϣӹֵϸȥʱڱʼǱϻддһϾͳһ̳ӵ 
޵үĻҲһ 
̺˼ЦЦû취Ҫ 
˹Цŵ΢̺͡ҪҿòĻ̳شĶ 
ҵشǲǱȶ׿϶ˣ 
̺ͷ㿴ƣʬӡᣬǺǰеġ 
ҿЦҪ۰̳˳ȥ̳Ҳܰѳѱˡ 
̺һأ̫ˣ㡣С̳ӣѧȫˡ 
ҵȻЩʲôơӡģүʶӦòÿЩҲܻɣ 
̺̾ĺ֪ЩѾǧ꣬Խ´Խ򻯣һСˣҸղŸǵ˵ǰһҲûУԸСУԸееľͲ̫⡣ǶԸĿҳĶɷܻɷķӡǰվʹˡˣ߰ɣץʱ䣬ȡ̫ɽǰŪס 
ҵͷϽǰȥ 
˹սȥֿʬ壬Ѿʬɵòӣˮһ˶ĵĹֳЩʬʬתתȥһ֮Ķӣˮ漲ۣˮƮƵġ 
ľ߹ײǰ棬ָ̺˱ϵľǰ棬ǷߵǸײģѾˣܿײİϿ̻һЩͼΡ̺ϸع۲죬Ҳϴʱ龰廳ѵʱ򣬺ӽһҲһˣ 
ӽվʯǰ棬ΪԾؿˡҵȻˣײûǹ¡ 
ӽ˵Ĳʬ壬ˣ˸ǰЩ˵·񣬿һģ 
߹ȥȴôеùռȵܵ׿ײˡһ֮²ɴˣҾ֪ô£ʬ徹ãһ⣬ֻʣ°ʬȴڵ൱áƲѣϴδæߵʱǱȥģһƤô޶˶˵ɵײˣѵǺЩ˰Žģ 
һֱ˼ȥûע⵽ʬı仯ӽȴһ 
̺ҲһСģ 
֮ͬʱײͻȻ𣬱佩ӲֱָҲץ 
 



ʮ ޹Ľʬ

       һͣﻹԥæܿһץͬʱһľؿڴȥ ѾһɶľӽԲȡϥ£ֻҪúӽһЧʱ͵ñȳӡ 
֮⣬ӽѸװȴ˸գײģʮָٶҳԾǲˣҲܱ죬ܱԶת£ʩҵ־һףŹһߡ 
ĹգǱŭˣҲη׷ҵһʼʩһ߹ȥͬʱеΪʲôҲǣ 
ӽ˲ϻش𣬵ַסײԾͬʱ˫ڿȺһߣȴٶҹ 
̺Թأȵ㣬ǲס 
ҴӦһ׼һʱľʺܣǰֱֻһͬھӡǵһθԣ⸱ģĪظеһھΣھθ̫ǿңͻȻʲôһҲᰲĵġ 
뵽Щеľشر۾ 
ӽôһȴζˣ˫ҵļһͲҵĵѡ 
̺̲סһڴʱȴһƬƽ꣬һֽҪѵʡ 
ֵز嵽ڴ·һ˲䣬ͻȻ͡һ̺ǰҵðһ̣һ٣Ҳʱѹ˲϶룬ǰһײӲ˼ 
ӽʱѸ˹ŭع·ɣƵˣһ㲻ӽһɨҼ磬˶Ͼ޴ҺƳȥ 
⹦򣬺ӽæʵû°ɣղôˣ 
ҵҲ֪ 
̺⽩ʬԹ̫أղűԹˡһвʣҲû𵽶ãҵȰڸй֣͵ϵԹɲУ 
ҵǸãʵԩ˵ܳòҾʬȥģɵʱͻˮǰˣô˵һƬİôڵץסҲˣһҪصӣⲻǶ𣿡 
̺һ֣أĺ㣬ôΣĹͷ㻹˼Цʬô뷨ֻԼЩǰͷ׼Ҳ֡ 
ͺӽţƣӽҲƣƣӽҲƣƺֶԺӽΪĵղźӽһӴᣬڲ 
ӽ 
ҲмԺ𣿡 
ӽϵ㰡þͻʹ¿ 
ҵС㣬һ·ɫҵģһͲˣ 
ʵô˵ǳһʱ֮죬û뵽ӽһ˸յ 
ǽʬҲͻƿڣڻͻ֣ﻹԥڵһ̷ҲƵҷһ仰ûڣѵ˽ǰһľ󣬴Ĳӡ 
ʬλȫƾǿ˲챼ʮˣȴһֱ֮ͯԽʬܸӦҵٶȿó棬ҸԱ㣬ѭ˫ֱֲҵĲӡ 
ղ뺫ӽ촿Ϊ˺棬ȴһ˾ͺЦƵģſžˡڵȻ㿴ңҾģԺ󻹲Ц 
˫΢ƽס壬Ŵֱؿڡ˵ʵһʵǼ֮Ҳû뵽ôͻȻʹôһУһȴǷǳΣյһУΪȫԼһľ 
źӽһеľӦϣұţƲס˶ĻȥҼÿ죬赲գ۵Ĺ¶ףʹҷӦô죬Ǳ»˫ɨˣֻо˸һƵģʹġ 
ҹһߣӽ첽ϣסʬһ߹еʵô˵زأ 
ʹֱҧ֪˵öҽһ΢Цӣû£Һܺá 
ӽңתʬ 
̺йָհںãߵҺ鿴ҵƣ̾治֪Ǹʲôô˼أô죿Ȳˣ 
Ұһʹʵ˵ô 
̺ʬ 
Ұĵû£ҴŴףһЩˡ 
̺׼õȫˣϰҩֹѪˣȱˣ˿ڡ 
ֳ庫ӽ˵Ӻ󱳳һ֧ǰȥ 
ӽ˿ߵұϣû°ɣ 
ûصˣ 
ӽ̾濴ҵ˿ڣ૵ˣǵġ 
û˼߶עȫ̺ϡԴ̺ȥ֮һεĶѹסƵģ̬˺ܶࡣ̺ϵŲԾӲӲʬȻִ򷨣תȴ̺һƬ½Ƕ 
٣̺Ծһߣͬʱ֣Դһ㣬֮󣬷Ծԭλãδת̺ѸٵػӳЩβͻȻһסĲӡ̺֮һͨһϵڵϡ̺ϽйУû뵽Ҳ֪³˼֮ͻȻֱͦͦһƴ̺֮ķҲ֡ 
ӽͻ仯һȥֱԴɨȥ 
Ҫ̺һǰǰߵһߣֱ˫ţ˻һȥ̺õйС 
ӽһȻ˿գʵһжڵʯ֮䣬ѷֳ˭˭󣬲ӽĻӦ̺Կһ 
й֮󣬻ɸһضͣҲŤˣû 
̺ҵó׼õķֽȼдʣҺͺӽôˣֻվϵıҲϱ仯ŤĵػָʹıҲƽŻĶҲֹͣˣſҪһ 
̺˺飬˫ĿգͶԽԽ죬ͻȻ˫ֲָ罣ڴ£һóһаԵͭͷȥһ׹ҵػһ֮󣬱̱ڵϡ 
̺۾һ 
ҵ𣿡 
̺ͷסԹ̫ˣǰһ˺ܶࡣ 
һ˳ܵɵͷȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ϣԺ󲻻ܿˡ 
ӽͻȻָͷϵĺ㣬ʵʲô 
̺ɰôһֿҲˣǻҪٿһ㣬ʱ䲻ˡ˵ſ˿̣ôôأ 
 



ʮ ж

       ̺˵꣬ӽͻȻʲô æϢ̺ˮ 
˲ԼͬȥһʬһˮĹӿ 
ҵһ˱սˣ׼ɣ 
̺üǲЩʬʲôͬ𣿡 
ҵȷʵЩͬЩˮˣӾ 
̺õǡôЦ 
ӽЩʬǳģǺ󡭡 
̺ͬиĶˡ 
˵ʬѾܵſڣȥڳһʬ߹ 
ҵһδƽһ𣬲ҵ˰ɣүûʲôֵһѣ 
˱˵ˣһֱ˵˺ʯϣµˮ̼ȾһʬȿֺȥʲôطԶһ˳ʬʲôط̺ͻȻһͭϵСĵ㰡Ūˣľˣ 
Ҳ˼ЦЦİɣȴ˵ˣҲڳ 
ӽǶܵȥˣ 
ҵҲڿأǱߺиϴĽûְ˵ĹҲ󡣡 
ʱʬѾòˣ̺һ̣ȥ 
ҺͺӽȥͬʱѸղŴʱӵıŵʯϡ 
̺˳ʬ·ߣҵȭͷСĶˮϸĵĻֲˡ 
̺ʵĺ˵Щˮһֻأ 
ҵǵģϴǴ˻أˮǲû 
̺ӦˮˣˣȻҲлˮ 
ҵһǧ߰ٶˣҲ 
̺̲סһ۵ĺҪô棬һô㣿 
һ㶣漴Ȼ 
ӽæ𼱣ĺһֱģ棬ֻ˾棬ˣġ 
̺ƽһµ˵ˮˣδؾˣ룬ôʬȥˣҪһռ䣿 
һ벻ѵ滹ж죿 
̺ͷһǵģӡķѾһЩǷӡ֮ΧĶȱؼһ֣󷨣󷨵Ĵ߶ҪеʿҪʱ͵ǵֱӰ쵽󷨵Ĳ֣ǺҪġ 
ҵ˵п棿 
̺Ҳֻǲ²⣬󷨿϶ǴڵģȻ϶ⲻס飬ڲ棬һ˵ 
ҵ鲻Ƕ̳ô֪󷨲̳ϣ 
̺ĺ֮ǰҿɽƣĹһðݰڳɵ󷨵УҪչ˵ôķΧ󷨱Ĳܴ߶Ҳܴãӡ̳ϵķӡҲԭ򣬼ʹƻ̳ӣҲǲ뿪Ȼ 
ҵˣϴߵĽһֱ׷ڣȴǱյʧġ 
̺ͷʵү˼ģǲӦǿյİ᲻滹ʲôˣ 
̺˼ܣҴпܣ㿴߹ײģȻĴ󣬵ȴػģĹôֻѪһأ 
һȻͬʱҲ̾ԼĲ㣬ʱôһ㶼û뵽أ 
̺ƺ֪ʲôҵļ򣬵ڿˣ 
ҵͷкӽһߵʯ±ȡըҩٰ֮ѱϡ 
ʵҪ˵ƵĻӱҸóǿƲ÷ϴͲûԼӲڣֻӲͷƤˣռ乻󣬶װϰʮҲû¡ 
װúܳȥãӱ㴫š䡱һĹһ¡ 
ӽĺװ˶ըҩôоƵġ 
̾װˡ 
߹ȥһȴװò࣬ʯжʮֺôıըҲֻըһһȥС 
עˮֵղףӡ 
Һ뵽ϴߵʱˮ࣬ô׼˼ǱˮþߣȻ鷳ˡӽǱˮóҴúֹ涨˼򵥵ˮ¶̺ͷȥˡ 
һȥ뵽ҺûȻù 
һûˮұͷϵ̽ƣˮ壬ܼȷǳãһ֮¾ʹסˡ 
治εģˮһܵǽǶҹ飬ʹˮԾ⡣Ͽһ޴İԣڰԵмλãȻһķεĹ餣Ϳ˺һ㲻ֵ֪Ķһʱʲôϡ 
ӽŴûǱˮһ͸һƵģȥòֺ 
̺ع۲죬ҲоȻصоǿڹײġײĺܴװ볤һ׿Ĺװ϶ǳĵ趼Ҽҵ˫˴ˡ 
ײ治֪ͿʲôȻ˴ˮĻأЩͿӦǷˮġóɡ˹ΣȻһеԣһʱκá 
ͻȻ̺һ£תдֵӣһ̯ˣһ˵ˮû¼ǺأҲƣô죿ָָҵͷʾףȥ 
Ҹȥһγˮ棬ˮλøƽû뵽ϻôĿռ䡣 
̺ºûд֡ 
̧ͷ˿ܸߣ̽ղͷóֵȥȴĶǻεģǶıʯǲģµԲôһռһСء 
һ㶣ͬʱֹԼ̫ʱĵʯݣΧת 
ҵ˵ĲȻмλáʲô𣿡 
̺ܶ࣬ҲܸӣұüС 
ҵܲ취ˮųȥˮжǺܲ㡣 
̺֪ȥɣ 
˵꣬ͻȻо洫һɾ޴ûüӦһӱȥֻûˮǰһ̺̿Ҳһ 
 



ʮ ý

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ô£ѵͻȻһ󶴣Ҫȫ 
ͷԺһ뵽˺ӽôˣƫƫˮﺰֻܸż 
ܿ죬ѱ˵棬һʵҲŷҲŪ˷ʲô¡ 
ȷʵһǶֱʮףȻ֪Ƕôֵģֻкôûл 
ˮλ½һǶ¶Դҿӽһǣץסһū嶼¶ˣˮ潵˽Ų£ֻǰըǸڻˮ 
ӽ°ĺӵҲǹġ 
ǵҺ̺Ц̺Ҫл㻹أǶ֪ôˮųȥ 
ҵͷһΣǵ㵽ʲô 
ӽָץĵū棬һŴߵҲСˡ 
˵̺˹ȥ˳Ĺңԭÿū涼һŴߣϸֳͷȴó棬ſڴ 
ҵЩѵǽӵ͵𣿡ô˵Ǻ޸ݣǰĺһֵˣ˵һͭ壬ԵڻĴС˵ֱȴһĹӣӼͷϣԽȼʱķĵռ˵ʵ˵Ļʶִǿˡ 
̺ҡҡͷռֻǱϵĹܣ㿴ǿյģӦһߣ˵ô֮أԭֶ 
ҵĹ̫ˡ 
̺Ȼˣ˵ŶݼѾ˷˼صزȻҲõѰķӡ֮ˡˣΧѾˣڸÿˡ 
Ҿף 
̺Цôˣˣ 
ҲЦǣû뵽ҪףΪһ²һأǳ鷳ȻҪĻǵȻû˵ 
̺УɣĴʲô©Ķ 
Ϊʱţֱըҩ׼ƣ˵ˣһοɲΪ 
ꡱһľըϰ壬¶ˢ͵Ĵײġ 
ҸҪ̽צ̺ͻȻȵȣ 
ҿôˣ 
̺ף餱ȥȻصͷ 
̽צϵĹײĶһһ˳ٽͭȥˣ˵Ͻҡһưȴӷ϶˳ 
̺һңư֮۳ţԼСӵģĹ˼Ȧ֮һǰһƶƮȥ 
ӽ긦һһΪǶɷأ 
̺ЦЦɷûаɫģҲµòĻӦͯͯŮĻǣǱһǧ߰ٶ꣬ڲŵֻأлǻأ 
Ҳкл𣿡 
̺Ȼˣһж񡣡 
һЦƳۿ˺治֪̺ʱ㣬ʼҲ֪ɣ㶼ˡ 
̺˼ЦʵҲĴ㡣ˣװɣ 
ײѾ˿ٿ׶ˣһʹܸͭˣڳһֻץסӣһƷϡ 
ҼĹѲˣǰرģ̺ͺӽ۴۾һգգضŰ˯ڹײġˡ 
⻹㲻һˣҲ֪ô˵Ѿ϶˾Ƕ׿ɡ 
׿δúնΪ֮ʿڶϵƣȶĴζɹǵͥŭ׵Ѷʬˡ 
ǰǣѷжϺͻƽ𣬼ʬ忴ȥǱƴģȻǳϸϾ˺ܴ˭һ۾ܿġ 
ǰѶ׿ϵĻƽժ׻û 
Ȼ˵ǰܾƵǶƷȴһַǳֵĸоǿһƵġ 
ֻ֡һͯӺͯŮǻƽɵģԿȥǰӹסһ 
ӽһ۾ͲٿˣرͷȥҪǷǿɵĻҲ벻ôƽҶһҲ 
̺Χת˼ȦڱʼǱдֻҲ֪ʲôֲôֻõˣҲŵ׿ôأôأ̫ѿˡ 
̺һ󹦸ɵӣЦΪ󷨵ġ 
Ҿʲô󷨵ģ 
̺ͷղҾ餱ˣڲðѶ׿ƿҲ֪϶ŵصģ߹ײûеס 
һɻı飬̺ӡľأ󷨺ͳһΪ׿ˣǱ׵УԪѾʧˣһеԭҲͱʾŴѾ˶׿ṩоһͯкһͯŮ˵ģ׿ûԪԱͯͯŮʵͯͯŮýȰתͬʱۼӡԴԴϵش߶󷨣۹೤ʱ䣬ʧЧΪô˵أ˵ִһ㣬ΪԴһֱװɣ 
ҡҡͷʵŪ˵ʲô 
̺ЦҲûϵСǴظɣ 
ҿźźǶͯͯŮһۣüǣ 
̺ͷԣҲһͯͯŮʩġ˵ͯҿһ֮¹Ȼͯеıϻ˸ָϡŹֵͼΡ 
ֵ̺ʵʦڣǰЩһ϶ӦȴŪ˵ϸŵļӡͯͯŮھ޷õ˵̺ͷʦͽܵûй 
 



ʮ ʱֻʣ

       ʲôһӴҲֵ̺۹⿴ָҵ˵ӣǡ˵ʲôã ҷ£ӣҲǵӣô󶯸λ𣿶˰㣿 
ݸΪʲôͻȻộԭǶԶĹĻƽĲ 
ӽƵӴ磬ƽҪ 
ӼһȿڣСɶӶҪ˵ûӺѡһĵز 
ӽ˵أĺЦ֪֪ǴӶĹʱ˯ˣУ֪֪Ǽѵģ 
װû⼦ôԼû˳㰡 
ʹɫӽʾ˵Щ 
̺ҲûתƻȻرҵ׼һ£ҪĶܶ࣬һǾ͸ϴһӱȥɣ 
ҵͷҲ˼үҪʲôĻ˵һУһ׼ã 
̺ǲãһŪ׵ģĺľǡ 
˷˻طʰ̺ҵҹ۲ϣټϽϣֹۡ 
ұɫүϸ˵˵ 
̺ɷмѵơʱʱȫһɹɵĺһšϣʮģҲʱӦڵļĩ̫ɽʱмֻĸʱҲ˵İʱֻĸʱˣ⼸ҵļ¼ÿİʱҪǰһ̰ʱҲһСʱ 
Ҿɷѻаʱˣ 
̺ͷصҲ˵ֻʣ°ʱˣ֮ڣǲܰѶɷǺ 
̺û˵ȥȴ˵ͷһشϡ 
̫ˣʱ̫ˡҵ 
̺ǵġ 
ȻվУھȥȥվǿʰ 
˵ҶŶҵ˵ҵһ˼ңӲ˺ܲԸæͳٿǮ֮ǿӦˡ 
صңӺͺӽ̺ҴҸ̸֮վ̺ܲڵķҲ˲ˣһֱԵ£ĸ˸ϵվллأǼʱ˻𳵡 
ﱱʱȥˣʣ졣 
úӽȻغңҺ̺ڻվ֣Ȼֱҡ 
ڿӣͻȻһ漴ôҰ˵ˣɫҲǰδеأܵõӡ֮Ǻ£ʱȷʵ̫ˡﵽӾ͵ʱ䣬תĪ£Ī»һʱܵǵĿĵأ⻹һж˳£ʱ̫ˣ 
̾ǰǼˣ⻹һҲô죿 
ô𣿡 
ҵͷֻӣҷǳ֮ϴܽȥҲײñӴ·²Žȥġ 
ѾһΣȥҲûа𣿡 
ҵҪʱ㹻ĻҵʱѾˣֻʣˣ 
ȥǽȥ֮ûŵͼʲô𣿡 
һеͼĺԨģúӽˣˣǵͼ 
ұϣô˼ʲô˼ǵͼ̫𣿡 
ҵǺܾãΪǵͼǳ֣է֮ºһȥʱһͻȻͱģˡ 
üͷ˼ǰһ񣬲֪ûϵ 
Ҽʲô˵˵ 
һøǿģͺүǹţ뻻үչǾչǾͶˣûдϡ 
Ҽû˵⣬εЦЦְҵְҵһΪϼţͼδ漣еţڰ쿴ʱ³Բݣϱص˯Ϊʲôأԭǻм˹ͥطԶԹӦ۾⣬ǻ⡣룬ǷͼǲҲƵ 
ϲпܰ²˳٣үȥɣоо 
Ӧһһҡ 
Ѿ˯ˣӽڿŵӵһ˲ϽֱͣӰѵͼҪһ鷿ɲ飬̨ǡһԵĶ๦ܵơ 
Ȱѵͼݸһ۾һ㲻пܸδ漣һտһ۾ˡ˵Űѵͼ̯ӣԼԱߡ 
ҵʼˣ˵صťͼϳһЩ仯Сȵı仯ȥȻģ塣 
Ѱ̨ƵͼȻҰһүvʼתťԽԽǵͼȻѾ̨ƵҪʱ򣬴ͻȻͣ 
ҵôҿŻһƬģ 
йأǶйأ죬ұʺֽ 
һæ룬ҳʺֽݸģܸӣֻҪְɣȻˮƽǷˡ 
ҵֻҪ־ˣؼǰͨУ 
ͷʼػ 
 



ʮ 

       úλãſһ£˾ŲʮҪֻ϶ˡ Եǿ˽ү 
ЦЦĺֵҪǻĻǿԵˡ 
æǣ绹ûϢ𣿡 
ϲаһ绰ֵ˼٣٣ôԶ˺ңǵô۵𣿡 
ЦǶأôĹϵôֳ 
ǣһǿóģҲ˵ֺֺǣһڽŵ顣¶˾ҪԣҲа취¡ 
ͬ˵أ¹ȥˣҲˣǺú棡 
Ȼˣû˵û˵ 
ҵͷֲ̾˵ʵﻹûף˺ͽүѣȻĻ 
ͻȻҵ㲻˵һˣȥĵ죬и㣬˵ѣкҪҪ 
ҳһû˰ʵû˵ʲôģ 
ҡҡͷûУ˸绰㣬˵ǧǧ·ǳҪ˵ŴӶһֽݸҡ 
ҿĵ绰Ǳһ룬ѵҶˣܰҪǶĻǾֱӸߴˣʵ˳ʲôģ 
ʮͣеᣬܽ˶ 
룬ﻹûôˣҡҡͷ 
ˣǾ绰֪𣿡 
һҲǣ¥绰ȥһʮһˣǵˣɣôˣ˼Ҹ˯ˡ 
Ӵ㿴ҲˣˣҲûȥˣȻֵðˣٺ١ 
ҰѴͳȥſڴͻȻعͷʵҪҪʲôװˣ 
룬װһûʧүٸ׼ըҩɣǶôҲ࣬һʲô벻״ 
û⣬İɣ˱ˣذɣ 
Ұڰֻصӽʲôʱߣ 
ҵʮĻ𳵡 
ӽʱӴ绹ûأ 
һ룬ɲǣ̺ĹƣӦʮѹҲ˲ˡ 
ڶ죬ߵӲͻȻһһ 
һһ꺺վ⣬ͷͦߣһ߳ԴҿŵͣͻȻ˵Ǹˡ 
˿ڵһ˵ǻˣҾ͸Ͻˣͻ¡ 
Ѱ˼ϢͨϲŻġҵǣ 
˵Ŷҽĺ裬Ҹĺ 
Ƶĺ裿ĺҺ󶼲ʶ 
Ҳüͷɣһȥ֮ѵûһĺ𣿡 
ҵһĺԨʶ𣿡 
ЦЦǾҸ硣 
˲ŻȻĺΪȥŹ⻯ĺԨ׽ģ뵽Щãʲô𣿡 
ĺܽ˵㿴վš 
ҵͷý 
ºĺǴǻˣǣҸͺȫ綼ûǲǶ 
ĺû˵ȥڵ飬Լ׸δ˭˭ܲżء 
Ҷĺøвɶ˼֣˵ĺȫӦþñˣЩ˶Щͷ裬ݸһŰȥ귢Ҫؽһ飬ûнĺıټҲʵڲȷǰ˵֪١ 
ĺ꣬ϵı仯һʱ˵ 
ҵ̫ѹˣҲûϾûۿʬ塣 
ĺҸôˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥʲô̫̫ĹҾȰҪȥѺȫҲˣòֵ 
Ҳ׵ȫѵǸһԴΪְҵ𣿡 
ĺȻǣǳˣһӲȻڳ֮ǰжʿ֮ٲֹˣβ֪ΪʲôҸ˵֮ȴͻȻģҸһļϣ˼ͬУҲǳˣҲܺáܾʲôΣôΪǮأҲ¿ܻʲôԭ򡣡 
Ұ⻹иƨԭ򣬲ΪǮΪ˳ϣЩˡȻñôͷ֪ĺʲôɫ 
ʵأǰǸʲôģ 
ĺ赹֪޲ԣ˵̫ʣʵһֱֹģǶʱܲ跢ɽĺܵĺҸЩաҲ洫ġ 
ҵͷʲô˵ˡ 
һĺͻȻǲǻҪȥꣿ 
ҵǵġ 
ĺܴܲң롭ҸˣҲðʬһæɣ 
Ϊѵ²Сǲ㣬ȥ鷳ʱҲǳʵڲܰˡ 
ĺڰֵǰˣֻҪǰҴȥҾ͸мˡ 
ʵҲ̳ѧ𣿡 
ĺҡҡͷôѧֶأҵ 
ҿЦʲôҵأ 
ĺûڷڿ˸̵꣬ǿڣ 
ûҲ˼ٶ˵ʲôתصĻȰ㻹ǴͷɣûɹУ֪Σգͺȫôõ־Ͳȥ޻ˡ 
ĺҺγ֪أҪµİɣֻҾԼҲİá 
ɫô˵ΪͬʱǵȻҪ£֪ΪҲҪΪ֮ξԲûȥΣ㶼󲻳ֲЩȥ˲пҲ磬һǰװ׵һʲôأ 
ĺҡ 
ʵ˰ɣ 
ĺͷôͻȻˡ 
ҵ㻹мͥҪôˣ˭չˣ𣿡 
ĺ̾ҡ̫嶯ˣһҸϢʲô˲ȥˣ㲻֪ҸСҾͺá 
ļ򣬵˶иģǧɵ£ֻҪ£۸ʲô۶ϧ֪û廹ҪȥĻǻԲ𣿡 
ĺصصͷĬһʲôʱ 
ҵһˣڸʱܡ 
ĺҾͲˣٺúɣ 
ļȥŵһͻȻ뵽Ҫǻȥûлֻôأ 
 
 




ڶʮ ʱֻʣһ

       Щˮһսζ̺һ󱳰ҡӡӽҲÿһҺͺӽİﻹװһͯͯŮͯͯŮǾģ漸ˮҴԹƣÿʮء ϻ𳵵ʱӽӵıҺ̺ӣǵĳźӣ̺Цһ£תһᡣ 
һؿųҿ̨վǣվ̨ǰʹ֣Ҳ֮Ի֣ͬʱصصͷ 
̺ûѾѡ˵ʵΪеˣҲΪļ˸еˡ 
ʮԶһѾ˺ӱȻò˵ϣɳɽأֱǵĿĵء 
Ҳ׼ʱˣһûһ˵ 
ǵ˸ӣתĪõ죬Īõ˽СʱǰһǮĻҪ⡣һƥһһʣµһװϵ 
һ·ϵĻԽԽŪҺܵġ˯ȥˣҲڣѾһ̲ͣ߸СʱһֻҸطӪկ 
Ū̺ҵȻǰĹƣӦûһʱ䣬ɾ⼸Ĺ۲죬ˡ 
ҾһʱѾǽòٽ𣿡 
̺ҵļ򣬵⼸ǶƣڱܵҲ൱ģټһֱԿ½ǵöɷǰѵ׼ 
ҵͷ̺ 
ڶ첻ұк̸·ߵ̫ʱ򣬽ңң 
ƹ壬һСʱĵ潨ɫʯҲѾܿˣմĵͼǲǰǸʯݣߴӴʯʯͨŸʯУֻļ̳ģȻǰû߹ΣϵܻһЩжһξ޴ð𣿶·Ҫܶ࣬ҪģȡʱʲôҪ 
ʯֱըҩըţ̺ͺӽǣԽϵ͵ĵطãٸǷЩϣԱ֤ǲǻʱû· 
ʯֱϵڶʯݣڿſڵλãԲɽݺݵȥ̳֮һµԲǰǸʯȫһȻûе¥ȥܿ϶ȻҲһʤĸϰ㺦˿ǲǳ 
ҵȥǺӽס̺µӣһȥ 
ǰ濪·̺ͺӽں棬֮䱣߰׵ľ롣 
￴ȥһĹӵͼϿĹѾһֻΣȴоĹԭʡĹһֱߵͷû֮ĶҲЩңͬʱҲ˵ͼߵĴС115000Ҳͼһ״ʵʾһʮס˿Ļ̳໹ҡ 
ҿһ಻ᳬһСʱȴңɼĸоܲ߹ȥǸ⡣ҵѾܴܵˣҲƣȻҼοԼԼԽοԽȴԽǾأ֪ΪǣӣΪȷʵ̫ʱһֱڸ߶Ƚ״̬Ҵδйָо 
ұ۾˼ָоǻ֮ȥоЩơ 
̺ͺӽ߹ҸϽס̺ȱˣԵһЩơ 
̺Ҳָо 
ӽͻȻҲУ 
Ҵ۾ˣ̺ʱһΪ⼸̫ˣڿӦĹйŹ֡ 
ӽսʱҺŵĿĲһǺᣬǶû˵ʲôһΪԼˡ 
̫ˣΪûй餣ûôҴϷߡСó 
Ǵ֮󣬸оûбãˣеЩͷΣ 
̺ƺҲͬĸоժߣѾ̫ĿˣڴϿҲˡ 
Ҽô죿 
ӽҪҪԿź裿 
̺пűܶ飬ǧ꺣ƳɣⶾĹЧźɣȴСʼ 
˶ͷӽӹһŷԲ麬 
ҵүûʲôҩ𣿡 
̺Цĺ˵Цֲǰﻹʲôҩ 
ҵҩҲû𣿡 
̺̾ɽɡéɽɣѾûˣûǰַ⣬ܶණʧˣһЩҩҩҵʦܶûѧ 
ӽôҲûеʲôɫأ 
̺üܰһɢڿĶأܶ鶼Խġ 
ҵǲⶾ⣿ 
˵ġҸоֱȸղˡæӣӱ΢س鶯ţҲӰ졣 
ҵãʹܵˣҲܲˣˣȳȥ˵ 
̺ͻȻȻͲǶȱ 
Ҳʡ򣬸ղŵһϵбֲȱ֢״뵽ƿһ֮£ʱˬǰв֢״϶ʧˡ 
ӽҲóƿ̺Ͻ͵ӱ¡ 
ҵҿүԽתÿ죬Ҳҿ׼ 
̺εһΪʲôأҪǶĻǿ군ˡ 
ҵλùңǰЩͨûȱȻȱȫˡ 
̺ǰǸͨѾܶû˰ɣҲǸղźһǧǰĿʵ̫ˡ 
ҵǰǰǸȷʵߣһͨŵºӡܺһǧǰĿ٣Ҳʵѵá 
һ˵ľ񶼻ָˡҵǿץʱɣӲҪأ 
˵ҵǰȥ߹һСʯ֮󣬲Ĺꡣ 
ǰһȳεʯţҹĵһûҵأ̺Ҳûҵ 
̺źûлء 
ʯţоǵǱ˷ʱˣըҩɣʱҲָмҿδըҩ࣬Ȼ鷳ʹˡ 
ͳըҩƺ÷̺ͺӽ˿ҵ֮ܣͻȻ洫˼Ҿֵһѱһ޴˰գ 
 



ڶʮһ Ӳ·

       һͬСɣըҩϾҪըˣôľ룬ըĿԼûУ ˲ԹԼըҩϵ̫죬һһժ±ǰȥͬʱɡ·ٶȻԾֵҲӵˣڳһֻץסۣһֻսɡϻȻָϸϾʱǧ꣬ʱһһĿӡ 
̶ڵϣӴеܣ 
˼ͻȻųǹ䵽Ҿ͵ǰһſֻףܣҲ֪ΪʲôԼͻȻô󣬵ʱЩ˼ųǹҹʼʩſ֮ҪܣͻȻǰӵϴܳһƬ⵶ҵһתѹ档 
䣡 
һ죬޴ĳڷյĹѸʯмۡҪ˴·񣬿ʱ͵˺ۡеĲλҲʹġ 
ұ˴һ˱ϵļ⵶ɰһգǰһҿʱ͵ùλ 
ҺҶû°ɣ 
̺ͺӽӱϲԶ̧ͷ˻ϵмû£ 
ģû뵽ĹȻһ·ֻǰܺ˵ģû 
̺ҲĹ̫ˣҲ̫ˣǰţ֪Ѷ˵˼ں˵·ȴֲôݵĻأϣ˲ǵҵˡ 
ҵʮ֮һĻܹظûըҲûغүڰأΪһ£ 
˵˶ӵˣӽҷӣĺУǸվһβûĴգɸһ˵Ҿǲǻ£Ǻһ 
⻰ӽиж˵ҲԣôҲò̫˳ܸоڷһֻÿش 
ڰȫĿǣٴǰʱһߣȷûбĻ̺֮ͺӽŷӹû뵽߻ȥҲܹҲϾһǧǰˣôõϻըҩֶأ 
ըŶĸ˽һ㵫ȴǳͰĿռ䣬ֵճȥû˴һ϶̫ǼҪèߣټϷΧ㣬ʲô֧ŵĶǸоȻƵģǳѹ֡ 
ͼϵʾһ鲻Բ򣬳һа빫涼ʯмǻ㣬ȻЩǴԭǿӱģڿȴܷġɴҲ󣬵ʱǶô޴һ̡ 
̺ں溰ǰĳ 
ҵͼϱڣүأ 
̺ڣǲǻв· 
ҵӦûв·ΪڶͨһطֻһǰȫģҲʲôء 
̺ 
ҵмлȡ 
̺ǵǵ˳ڴٶɣڲ˵ 
ҴӦһҿ˵ͼȻ治֪ôˡ 
Сʱ󣬵мĳڴûʯţֻһʯڴ˹ĺۼԡ 
̺ȥڣСǡ 
ӽͷҺ̺תĳȥʮңĶڣۿȥмļһģһҲȻƼ˹ɡ 
̺ôأ 
Ҳֱüͷٿ˵ 
û뵽ҲǰһҪӶֱĻʵ޷ˡ 
ҵô죿ĸأмĽߵԶǲ֪ĸȫ 
̺ҪĻĸ 
룬мǸ 
̺ΪмǸ԰ɣ֪ܶ˶һ 
ҡҡͷҵôΪܶ˶ô룬мǸǰȫģҲһ뵽˴˵ 
̺ҪҲץסأ 
ҳĬ 
̺Ҳ˵ڶǰ˼ͻȻûеôڶһģҾøûҪŪһôĹ򡣡 
ҶԴҲƣֻһˣ޴ӷֱ档 
̺Ҫĺô˵ĻĻؿ϶ǳŻǧټƵԻǣУһճһǾûҪǰʯǸţ·ǲ·һû˻ᵽģôҪڿ˼أ 
ҵүûеĹЩߵ粻̫˽⣬ҵڻûʲôģǰҲˣ߸ǺݵףȻ֪Ѷ˵˶Ź 
̺ͷͻȻˣղųʯŵ˿ǲлأǷܴ򿪡 
ҵǴô 
̺ҪȷʵǴ򿪵ģܻһô 
ü˼˵ 
̺ԣ˵ȻãǺܶأǾͺп 
ҵô˵Ļ涼ûлˣ 
̺ҡҡͷҪﶼǷĲ·أ 
ҵһڴҪǹ̺˵鷳ʹˡ 
 
 




ڶʮ 

       Һ̺һһ߻صмλã۳ֵĿԽԽѡüͷһʱ֪ˡ ӽô׸ĸأ 
ҡҡͷ̺̾˿ 
һγĬ̺˿ˣڶûѣҪҹƵòʱܾܿǶɷѵʱ䡣 
ҺͺӽһҶؿ̺ҧʵڲомҲǰ취·Ƕ߹ˣ򣡡 
̺ҲңҪ˵ڵͻȻһ 
ҸϽеӣӣ 
ϵĺʯͷˮһϵӿţɢۼɹתֹӵҲó鴤ţ鴤֮󣬼ֱںҵ˺һ 
һˣ۾գ˼£˵һӡ 
ſǰôӣ˵ʲô 
ǿ̧֣˼£ָűϵʯ 
Ҷʱӵ˼к̺ͺӽ˵м 
̺ͺӽӣұȥ֮䣬Ȼ߰׵ľ롣 
֪ǲӵõʲôָʾʵ̫ãмȷʵ޷գһߵͷͷ˿ں治Զ̺ͺӽЦһ£ǰ̽ȥ 
ǰһεŶûʯţұмӴţĶã˵ϣʱǹһ֪ʱһô龰Щײĸо 
˸̺ղǺգ˵ˣмȷʵǰȫġ 
ЦЦǵĲˣСʱǿɣ 
˵ͷתǰȥ 
е͹һӣͼϱʾһεڣΧ󣬿̫ʵһ·ߵһﴩƵģֻ˺ܶȽϴĶϲʱһһ͹ 
ΧûʲôȻҲ̸ʲôװ֮ĶҲϵػζֵ磬ʲôֻһƬϢغڰȻǰһΣҾȻǳİӦýذɣʵһصꡣ 
ֵǰһ¶Ĺߵòٶȴ 
ǰ˼ͻȻоһ󾢷ҳǰȫûκףֵճȥҲûпʲô 
һӦ޴ĳֱѹڵϣϵʱðһ̡ 
Ҵ󺰵ͬʱʶһϲɾĶˣ򲻻ῴʹϵȥϵͭѹֱ̫ҸоãҲΪ֮ 
̺һһƿ˷ҵľˮͻȻоһᣬԥһһߣͬʱγͭվӭæӽǰһתбӶұһ򡣻ûӦȥʮ֮һٶȴұϮ 
ҸתǶͭΪɵһȥתαǰһθңұתȦӡ 
Һү취 
̺ͺӽһ㵸ɴüͷ 
ӽʲô취˵Ҫǰ塣 
Һڸ˵ӰӶҲ޼£ֻͽȻΪ˹Ŀꡣڴ˿̵Ҷԣͺڸһսһ۾ôҲʹϣַƶ̫ˡ 
̺ͨݵĹ۲жϣӦһ֮ĶҪĿ 
ѱ鹥޴룬ʱϮҸջӽ棬ʵڱвˣֻǰձܿһǡ 
ҺĿ쿪 
̺ҲֱţĶ˵ܿģ𼱱𼱣ҾҾ 
ҹ֮ӰΣһûʱȻұ룬ֻ÷ְͭڱϣעǷţƣϸʹֻϣѸ̺ʩͭŵסˡ 
һҵĺǰȥҸоһܷɻɹȥƵģкܴľһӱƵͷϡ 
ˣһӴӱӣ˫ֳֽԴ 
ӽҵȰ棬ǳ嵽ұϣҿ 
ҵǲ֪Сһ㣬һúܣ 
ӽ˼һǵ㣬Ҫǻ˱ҲŲأ 
ҵϻˣСĵ㣡˵ҿʼתӽ⣬˳ŷʼתһʱŵ㡣 
ҼһˣӽҲһˣ 
һŵʲô˵һɾ綥ϣɻûһӽǰתұߣºӽܵ˫ֻӽͬʱӽҳ֪Ǻӽֿ죬ķСû£ֻꡱһӽһɷأǰȴͻȻӰȫޡ 
̺󺰵ˣģֻϻ 
ҸϽͺӽɱ࿿Σʵû°ɣ 
ӽã 
ҵͷ̺ʲôϻֻ˵ôٶôأô죿 
̺ǻǣ϶ҲǱӡĳطģסڸҿҵĻҾķӡСˣ 
ҵãҪ찡ͽˣ 
̺Ӧһֵһȥ 
ӽұ߿ɣҸоǱߺǽ 
һ벻ǽܵķΧͼˣǵãתߣ 
ӽһã˱תұ߿ȥǽߵʱһ󾢷һӰҺͺӽɢˣӽǽߣȴֱ㡣 
ӽҪҼ 
תһȦ֮γһɻľ磬Ҵһ׶ߣžͻȻʧڿзת˼Ȧ֮صˤصϣͭҲˣѪӿܵ˵ 
ӽΧؿ˼£ǽȥҿˤλǿѹ·ڵѪһ㣡һ㣬ķŵͣ 
ӽһ̳ŲסˣŰѺӽҲ׹߲ᣬʱͬʱҼǰ 
ӽĿңֻסǰܣһȥĶаæһͻȻһ׹˺ӽץ·֣˫һƣǰȻȥŷ˼ӽӦ⡱ǰ˼ȴͻȻһ˻ 
һ˲ٺˣһͦסӽĻȴûã˶ʵʵڵˤڼӲʯͷϡ 
ʱѹͻȻһ䣬Χ˿Уٴӿֱѹҵ۾ѹˣ·еѹǿͻȻ˺ü붯ǲܡ 
ǿѹ£ֻоǰðҲͣˣ˵ 
۾ҪѹϹʱƺֻ˶ĵ׶ͻִǰצ̽ǵͷ­ѪڣҰһȴͻȻžžѹֻϻʧ 
һҲŻܾó棬ոһΡ 
ӽҲ긦૵Ȼû𣿡 
ЦһЦȴͻȻûһطۡ˷վ̺ܹǰѪ߰ߣϲӵصǡû°ɣ 
 



ڶʮ 

       ҿЦҡҡͷأˡ ̺̫̾ˣȻ󣬻øҵۣϧֻǣշĻͺˡ 
ֻϻ£ʵշʲôã 
̺֮ͣħǴôǶǶԸɷҲǴô 
ӽϻұǲµģڸоÿ£Ժ󶼲ҿϻˡ 
ҲЦһҧʮ¾ 
ӽ죬Ҫ˵ʲô̺˵ϢǾͿ߰ɣڻвĸСʱʱ䡣 
һŻһ½ǣоöˣߣץʱ䣡 
߳εڣǰһĹһ֮±Ĺһʱ߹һֻǸ֮ͨĶ 
һֵͷĹȥΪﻭߣмһ֣ӦþڵĹߵĶϸȷһʲôڡ 
ߵǰһɴһһ׿ѳṵ˶ĲкһЩ֪ʲôͷȻֳִȻ 
̺ͺӽ߹̺Ѿѳṵˣ̳жԶ 
ҿ˿ͼԶˣͼʾǰ滹ʯңǸһͨͨͷǼ̳ 
ֵ̺Ĺ೤ 
ҵһҡ 
̺ͷ߰ɣ 
Ҵͷǰߣһ룬ͻȻǰ˼⡣ҳһæſͬʱкע 
а⣬ѵ棿᲻ĺԨǺԪ 
ͷԺһʱ̺ĵߵұϣǰôˣ 
ָǰŵļҲ֪ˣ֪ĺԨǺԪǰЩҶѾ̺˵ˡ 
̺ȱҶ˵ 
ƶղһһʱܿһѡôӦþˣ˵ĻͲĺԨ 
мĻѲƶŵ˲֪ʲôŻͻȻ䣬ոŻѸ󣬲ԣӣѳṵȼ̼Ҫǲĵط 
Һ̺ͬʱɫҵѵˣ 
̺ÿɷ񣬵ӦûУǲھʲôʽ 
˵ô仰ĹߵĻѾԽǣٶȲȥɵĻ 
ɵѳṵôҲŻ𣿡Ҫ֪ѳṵǧʷˣĶʬѸϣлҲûˣڲ඼γ˻ʯһĶôô׾ȼأ 
̺ʲô 
˿̣ĹѱյõƹͨȻſڵϣܵĻʹΡ 
ͻȻһЦ 
ҾȻǺԪ 
̺̣ľսˣ 
һûػԪϴμȥôأĲ𣿡 
Ҵȥ⣬ĺԨأôˣ 
Ԫ㻹ѵǺ𣿡 
̺һֱŵעŶΣû˵ 
ҵ˵ϻҪʲôϷ 
ԪƽصһƬģôȥأ 
ҵװˣ㵽ô 
Ԫ̾Ҿʵʵ˵ɣҪҵŮصҵߡ 
Ҳû͵Σ㻹ŮѵĲ֪ԼЩʲôҪǻеĵĻͿǹȥ 
̺ҵ˵ˣ˶ˣ 
һǸСˣʲô¶ɵó 
̺Ȼô캦£˵ˣҾеɣʦүv 
̺ᶨı飬ҵüˣһ˭˭˭˭Ǹƣ 
̺ҵļһվѾûбҪزˡ 
ҵֶΣ̺ͷȥͺӽӡ 
ҳһֱδõİһԶǹǰȥһһСĵעΧΣǰֻʣѾܿ˳ţʲôˡ֪϶θµʲô 
ߵǰܿʱȴֻһվţ߾ŻѣǺӽĴ˭ 
Ǹأ 
ӽĴһվŶ棬ﻹǰնҲЩԼĸ֮ʣҪϴβӺӽڿ϶ȥܶ鷳ǰմԵʺѭϢۣҪúӽɱ磬¿϶бǱһֳ޷ƽ⡣ 
Լôʱ뵽Щӽ̺˹ӽؿ磬û˵̺ȴһ󣡡 
ҿ˺ӽһۣٿ̺صǰ棬źӽĴǵмһεİݡ 
һ̵ĸ֣ÿݺύĵ϶һԲεʯΪӣֱдŽľˮɨһۣйʮек޹еţеţֱ߰㡣 
ҵǷҪ˵ԭߣ 
̺ͷڲ֪ǰˣһһ̤¾ûлˡ 
ҵԲ֪ˡ˵Ŵӱóͷڽһˮһûʲô 
Һ̺һۣͬ 
ҵүͺӽչӣҴͷ󣡡 
̺Сˣ˶滹һϰУղˣһӦľߴˣ 
ҵͷ˿ľͷ׮һվڶĺӽĴ磬һɺȻվһû׼ԾɲǱͻȻѣҲҪվǻģԽԽô˵Ļȷʵе 
˵ǹ̺ͭһľϡ 
ӽСģ 
ڰ֣ĬĬһ飬ˮˮľľ𣬻𣬽ǰԾϣԾͽ𣬿ûһһˮľľϷһţֱĹͬʱնؿҰһ󼸲ҶѾٶȳһԾȴԾûܸ֮ǰԵ 
һǴ̣ǺῳǲеģǸոϰ׶ߵĹδȣ̺һСġͺӽһУұ˻ľϳʲô벻һŤ䵽ľԱߵϡ 
ʱӸ£ڿɹķΧ֮ڣæһնҵͷ䡣ҾͭӭϣһұӲһɾ޴ľҵȥ 
̺һ򣡡 
ˣҼæһ飬ľľˮϣһӦˮϲСЩͷգۼҵԺҺ˵ͬһʱ䣬Ťͷȥһ֮һˮҲ֮⣬ƽʱƴҲаôԶľ룬鼱֮£ǱȣҲȥñиұһӴϣԴһӾˮ뿪һɱǣ¡һת¶Ѽ׶ 
ҰһңæϣұߵĶʱ䣬һ˽ľֻԶһЩ͵ԾٴĹѧˣһĹһǰ׷ʱѾױȥķΧ 
ὣܿһ̺ͺӽǿס 
һȵҲܿķâͭҼ硣һҸйֻԶһЩ 
û뵽ȴϵ֪ԼʹסƵģͷҵһת̺ͺӽǳȥ 
 



ڶʮ ʧķ

       һӽĺ󱳡תӭϣնͭһཻҺ֣һæ׷ȥ˫־ٽֱһ˼㣬Ҫʹȫ ̺ͺӽѧҸղŵս˼漤ս;򣬼һȥ 
Ҫ׷ϣȴһڣ޿ܣֻ̧նӲһ;ŵཻһõȴޱΪ˽һȻҲǾȫʩΪӲӲ£еַͭɳǿסնȴվס 
һʧæһڿնһ̽ԵϣڿһŤһ߳˱һſڵϡƺһȥ 
Ҳʵ˵ãô£еڶܣͷؽ£Ȼڿ弱ͦڴصɲǣ⡱Ӳվûе¡ 
֪ⳡսѾˣȻ֪󣬻߼ʹ֪Ҳ޷ѡҪߵӣŹزԶˡ 
Ȼǡ䡱һһֱֱȥֳһ󶴣š¡һһӷת׶ʱĽŴ˸֮ǿʹγźˣ׶Ҳվסꡱһգۼ䱻̵Ѫģ׶̴ֱˣѪȾļͷ¶ĶϺϡ 
Ȼ׼ⴥĿĵһĻһǲɱ۾ 
磡ӽһſı϶ؿתͷźӽ˱仯ڼһɬЦݣ¶ѪݣһѪӿһͷһȥ 
ӽʹ޳Ҵӵסļĺ󱳣ӽſһޡ 
̺߹ѹˣ˶ʵһֺ£˿ѾаƳɡūüˣҲˡ 
û˼ʡūô£żʲôϵֻĬĬؿ̺óֽ 
֮ǰȥڴҵ鶼ܳأʣµʱ䣬ҲֻСʱˡ 
Ѿǳӽ̳ˣֻҪ߹һ֪ͨľսҲǵǰ 
Ļ㹻ġ㹻İ 
Ҳ֪ 
ﵹһ·ȫЩĽҺȻӿһ˵˱ˣЩ˲ƵĶʲôҸʵԼҵĸëҪ־һĹǮǺöɶľôҪûһкܶǮҪʲôƽƽҲүǶԵģҰŵʷоȻһЩʲôء 
ӽһдҵĳ˼æͷȥֻһߴӰ賤ǹһعˡӽһУǱ˴Ӻ󱳴ʱģñﶫ࣬йˮͯӣһǹ϶̲ 
ղŹʱûпˣ˶ˣ 
˲ЩҷȥӽѺ˽˼غϣ̺Ҳǻʹǳǹҹͣ˾һʱơ 
ҳ嵽ǰһɳһ˾ĺ 
Һһ̺ĺ 
ҵͷԾӽϣ˵һÿǹǹһգһȥսһʱǲˡ 
̺ĺûʲôа 
ӽһ仰Ҳ˵жƴʽôھԲУԷҲرֿӲӲĻǺӽĴ䲻˵ǴƣһƽɫĻᣬĺʹǳߵǿɵ·ӣԺӽôȥֻװ׵ذԼľ 
ҺС侲һǰȥ⺫ӽ˵ĳǹӴ˵ʵҪҶһӦĺĳǹȷʵЩϾıռƣ׻˵һ糤һǿһһգԶ̹ټĺĹͱҺã˳£ҵƲ 
һӲӹֻϣӽܹ侲һ£лͬĺһ 
תۼ䣬ҺĺѾƴʮУ϶ֻСĵطأԴʱ֡ 
̺۲һӣĺǷˣ 
Ҽĺһǹ˵ҿҲǷˣȻѼ棬Իк򣿡 
̺ǣ˵ʲô̼ʧķ裡 
ĺһǹͭǹǰȥȵֳֵλãĺһҽٴ֮ơ 
Ҿʧķ裿㿴ûκõĿܣ֮ôʣΪʩˣһʱ˼ŵĵܵĺ裬̺˵βõĻҲͲˣôȥ֪Ҫȥʱ䡣 
̺ڻ˵Ѿûʱˣ 
̺˼ϼӾ׼ĺһǹһ˲һᣬͬʱ˫սڳϣŲʩĺƲʼʩˣҾǹʼʩڣô۾һǰĺûܳرѹסĳǹˣȴһٶȸӵӽѴԹȫĺϣ˫Բĺһûüĺߵķһбɳȥֱײͨǽϣǽڣ̱ڵϡ 
Һ̺ôˣû뵽ӽһ֮˶һۣ˵ 
ӽǷйеķһƽص߰ɣ 
 



ڶʮ ʱ仹ʣһСʱ

       ԴӹĹ֮һ·ϲǵūʽĵյѾ뵽Щǧ궼ĵյȻͬһʱΪǵеĺǣǰĲȷҲûˣܺ϶ڵʲô֣ʲôףѱòô¡ ҸʱĻһԵʻᣬ֮Уʲôͽʲôʲôʲô뵽ЩʹҵƽȲäĿֹ۲꣬಻ẦضƫУ 
̺ʮһˣʣһСʱ 
ҵͷ侲صոպá 
̺ؿһۣû˵ 
һжˣͨߵƻյյ·һ磬һռ䡣 
߹ͨǰȻ󿪣ڵ˼̳ˡ 
̺˵죬ŵģ 
ҺͺӽȻһΣȴûʱһǧǰĽ¾ǷŵڣҲʮ͵Ľʦ޵ء 
񷶥ģµգĶԵ޸Զϡµɢϣ˸ŵâǲ֪Щʲôʯҹ飬еķ׹⣬еķ⣬еķϹ⣬еķƹ⣬Щɫէ֮µĸоɫӳûиһ۵ĸоǻಹ䣬áףҿ϶ΪԼ˿վڷĿҰ֮С 
ƣӣǽڶǾϸ̵ģûһȴûһ˾ĸо 
ȻһΣȻһ㿴ҲûԲطʣʱǵۣʱǶʶʵ޿ɺǵģ޷Ŀ֮ڣԿˮƽĸ¡ 
ż衣ƲзӣнĶˡ 
̺׼𣿡 
һż̳ɾ⻬ĵ棬ϴǽʱ龰ѾɨˣھȻ˳Ⱦˡ 
ͷһţҿ˿ӽֿ̺׼ˡ 
ӽҲҲ׼ˣ 
̺ͷߣ 
Ⱥµ棬ͨϴνʱ෴ڽ餵ıϴǰſʱ򻹷ֽţõ˺ӽԪ溵ѪȴѾ򿪣Ǻ谭ؽǷǺ϶ıԿ϶ǰſ֮ǰǾԴ򲻿ģҲҲڿţ߻ʲôĻأ֮ҪǰŴֵ֮ţȻ϶ҲΪ˵ȴôˡ 
߾裬̳Ľȥһ뵽ɹ̫ǸݣҲüͷ 
餻ǰӣŴ󿪣̫һѻҽһʬҲţͷһϽӣ֪ʲô 
̺ͺӽ߹̺۲һҲͷǸϽǿյģŲţ 
֪ʹжĻҲ϶ѱ϶ȥˣҵǲǿյĲҪҪװʲô 
̺ȻǵĹģѵر֪𣿡 
Ҳǲ֪ѹûǷ롣̺һ˵ʱֻȻĸо˵رװ˰˲㣬ֱһ̴ľ𱦺һʯһŵĴ﹩ĺȻǷָഫ˳˱᳤ϡ 
뵽ҺȻúܺЦԽԽЦʵ̲סЦ 
̺üͷң㡭û°ɣ 
ǿסЦ̫ЦˣϣȻôųϣ 
̺һ㻹ţҺͷҡ 
Ҵ̺ҪԳϣ̫ôʲӵķָǧꣿôİŵͷ棿Ÿ˵𣿻ѿֻΰ󵽿Ϊ˵ĵز 
̺һŪ˵ǿһֵ⡭ 
ҵȥķָȥĳϣ϶ȤĺҲִԲҿɲصǵĸޣ˵ұҲԳϲðֻҪҵ⼸ʮͺˡҪǾӣЩʵʵ⣡ 
̺Ȼʱ䲻ˣұϲһ 
˵̴̺Ĵұóֽ򡢳ͭǮɰëʡľ̺һǰľ֮ŪһѣôƺԭǸãͷīߡͭȵȺܶණиָ̳̳޹ޣֱ۾ûˡ 
̺óڽΧһȦǸȦӺܴ󣬰ĸ˶Χ档óëʣպɰ滭һһԵӣڰм䣬ɷд˰˸֣˵ǽ֣ʵȥһ߰Ļ 
ƵЩʲô֣ 
̺һ߼һߵ޼跨ءȥǸرù 
ҵʲô 
̺̫ĶɷȻǳǧĵǿɲģʩʱŲҪ˶˵ĻˣȻѰرŵͷᣬ϶ǵ᲻ξ 
һҿ̺˼ܣȻҪӵĻٷӡˣҲֻɱˡ 
ùرݸ̺̺ѱŵλϣһʱվλλţһҪסǧܳȥ 
Һͺӽͷʵλţռλ 
̺ҵȻռǬλˡ˵ְѸֶڵӦλá 
ʵͯͯʲôʱã 
̺һţҿңȻҾˣͯͯŮôķӡ׮ڣôҳأ 
ɻô죿 
̺óͯͯŮŷϣ£϶ͺˡҪѶɷڱƳȵӡʱͲŻõͯͯŮȰǷŵλɣһҪסʱõʱǧҪѶҵ˵ֻȥˡ 
ҺͺӽͯͯŮźáҿ̺󲼵òֺһʱҲòˡ 
 
 




ڶʮ İΧȦ

       ̺æû˵ӽȴƵؿңҲ᲼𣿡 ЦЦȻҲ᲼Ҫҵ󡣡 
ӽҲˣȤʵʲô󣿡 
룬Χը󡣡 
ӽüͷôôƿڣʲôûð 
ҵȻˡﲻϴʱʬҧĲξҪЩʬ 
кӽ򿪱Ұըҩŵһʱ˵࣬ĹѾ㹻ˡ 
ӽҲҵ˼ҰըҩƺãֳʮСȻߵ⣬ҹһըҩ߳ʮ岽ʮҵľ룬ֻܵһ𵴣ʲôΣա 
ըҩڰΧź֮һصλǹһ£ֻжʮ׵ľ룬ǹҶ߳ɰգ˵ƳĲǹˡ 
̺Ұںըҩ֪ǶԸʬģʵʬ𣿡 
ʬȼں̵ܶʱڽӲʬѬڵĹ߶ʬиָĲ䴩ϵı¡׵ȵȣÿĹ߱رеߡ˵ǵĹҸߴͰǰı׼׼ʬҲһЩ 
ҵˣǺܶࡣ 
̺ͷҲըҩڿɣʹʬҲԵֵһġ 
ʵ̺ҴûʱѾµ˼ЩԼʬܶԸӲʬ壬ȻҲʬʬ嶼Ѭǻܶƨϴܼʱ뵽ʬ㣬ҲҺӾͲôǱҲʹӱܹɷĶˡ 
Щʲôأ˵öԣǻģһоԵʻ֮С 
ҺͺӽٶȰںѬʬ㡪Ϊ˱ⱻըҩ廵ǽֻһ׵λá 
̺кҰӷλɺú̺ͷϡԼܷ˾ŸͷӡһͨߵǬλ£ժһֱϵһľľӷŵǰһֽ׭֣Һͺӽ׼𣿡 
Һͺӽͷ̺ȿĿȥʬϰɣ 
Һͺӽȥʬȫϣٻصλһ̺ʼˣ 
ӽǹѲǹȫǰ棬⻹ҵǹӵǹߡټΧըҩرգۺ϶ʲộҲӦһˡ 
ֳ̺ľǰһֲָ罣ľһɨдʣͻȻһţ񱻿紵һ£˲ʱ뽣ֱƮλӣм˲ʮףҺͺӽôˡ 
˳ԾĻں棬ֻƮ֮󣬷ɵϷһȼճɻҽµɲǣ̺ٺһţΧӵľŸৡһȼˣŶССĻԾ˼£ȶ 
ó񣬺ӽͻȻҶߵˣ 
ŤǰſȥȻһ˹˵ұ۶նˣˡץߵĲǹһ׼˰϶ҲѾǹĶԲҿǹ⡣һҲٳұעת̺ϡ 
̺ɫ֪ʲôʱѾת˳죬ҲԽԽ죬ľֲͣضţǰǰÿÿһЩľһЩںһƾеڷһ 
Χİ޷Զ⿪ʼҡڲ鴤˫ֺ˫ȣ嶼ɸһϸơ 
ͻȻһ̺ͣһץһסһһ죬ॡ 
ӵܵӦһڵϣСȵĶ 
̺һֵһ£һθ߳ܶࡣ̺һҡӾһһ£ÿһζһθ߳һЩ̺ҡµʱӵĸ߶Ѿаס 
ڿȥƺ̺ѾҡµʱͻȻһͣҪȥ̺ӿҡͭٶȣһ½һ£һ±һ¸߿Һͺӽо񱻴һ㣬ءʱһףһڲͣߣ̺˫ͻȻֵľͬһʱҡӣűȵţ 
ӿʼ䣬һɵĺʼʼΧӴתǽؾۼӵͷϣӵ½ʧˣƺǺԸ½һÿ½һ㣬һ㣬мԽԽ 
ʱͻȻˡ䡱һԲǰ﷢ҡϽŤͷȥһ֮²ɴ󾪣һվҪġ 
ʬɵԲǹͬʱҲ󣬱ϴʱҪһֹ 
ӽսҲǹֻȳŵʬʵķΧըҩʮףףס 
ȥİɣҴһ۶űеըҩȻըʬ򱻵ըɣʣµһԶɢˣ߰ʬ˦õǡ 
ҸϽתұߣٿһǹ֪ǲҲܵ˸ղŵ𵴣ʬѽòͿھ޴ıը¸ʬҷһмըϰ֮䵽ϣ״Ҳ̶áȻ֪ըöǲ֪ȥʬʯĳˣҲܲΪ֮ݡ 
ӻûص棬ͺľѾ֮ࡣһһ߲ͣر仯ʽצӿǺˡ 
ٺٺ١ 
һЦÿҲ֪Ǻ϶ֳˡ͸̣һ۾Ƴ϶ǰƶ̧ǹȥ϶䶯֮죬һˡ 
ǹȴһǹСҸϽһ֧ǹͬʱúӽ֧ǹӵ 
϶ȥҵӵȻҲԶÿһǹľεѡִӵ֮󣬺϶ܲסˣֽǰȥ 
϶˳ȥҪӵȴͻȻִˡ䡱졣һɵһָĸʬɵԲǹ 
 



ڶʮ ɢ

       һʵСΪǰԸʬѾѰڷλõըҩõˣ˸ʬλ֮Ĵĸĸˣ۴ĸըҩܰһʬϤըҪٶĻʵе᲻áҪǲƱػһЩʬȻʬ㣬Ҳðա 뵽һҧǹ춯صıըȻк󣬵ͬʱģһʱƺ궼Ų֡ȡըĲкܳʱŴӿ䶨ɢǲм䡣 
ҩζȴͰȫУӽ֣ס 
ɢҿӲ֪ʲôʱѾ䵽˵棬ź̺һһرƽ̺˫ĿգҲǰˣȴƺ̽ƣϵͼ嵽̺ͷϣûǰ̴һ 
̺ɫø죬ҪγѪһͷмһ͹ȴǾӨ͸ˮһҺתӦþ̺ĿĿˣ˫Ŀܸ֪ɷһһȻȫĿ 
ɢȥһЩѾܿԶ龰ãһǴĿģ̳ڵмλãɢʬ壬Ļȱȫģȥվһսսһɥʧ 
һЩʬûбըҲܵ˺ܴĳоƺѾܲˣţһһңĿԿԡ 
ҳһĪıеʱ򣬺ӽͻȻŵֱҵ· 
ŤͷһŸɷֻѾ쵽̺ͷϣ̫Ѩϸһֻǰ̺ҧݲģŤˣɫ죬ЩᵽһļһѪһ˵ĿֲС 
̺֪Ŷô޴ʹ࣬Ҳ֪ʹܰѶɷƳӵ壬ͬɷ⡣ڶɷȫìͷָʱѹɷ϶Ѿڼѵ״̬ǧĵʹǴҲùԹԼβˡ 
ҪǸ֪ôóȻȥĻܾȲ̺óλöɷ֮ززʹܾ̺Ҳ 
ԥ䣬̺ͻȻ۾Ѫ˿ܲҪһһȣ̺ҧ⣬һѪɷƺ̺Ѫ꣬ȴ㲻ˣɫȫڶɷŨī֮ϡɷһεסһڵϷŤ 
̺һѪ֮ͨɫȥֱò԰ޱȣһŰֽһһ̺ᵹڵϡ 
ҲûסҪȥӽסңͬʱͭݵ 
̺ʩķ̴ԭڵϵĶɷڡһմ𣬴ӸղŵĶλѸٵƮλƮλٽλƮȥ 
һ󾪣ɷ븽ȥҲ̲סˣҪͭȥȴǶɷͻȻˣ·ʲôΣյƵģľ紵þ֧һҡҷɷλ˻صλԸٶƮλʱҺͺӽֻһλˡ 
ûô£ɷѳ嵽ǰæͭȥȴо񿳵һ޻һ϶һöûСҺȻ뵽ͭɷǧ̫Զˡǲܲ٣ȥ 
ҽͭٴοϴһٳؽʱͻȻоһɾ޴һӱ˵棬ֻӽһУǰ󷢺ڣʶҲģֻúɷҪҵϣȴһֿûС 
ԽԽߣʶҲԽԽģǧǧƱ̹ǵ΢ҵ䡢ͣһ˲ͽȣоͻȻ֮ûˣҲ 
Һ˶סֺˮϢǰһ̣ͻȻһॣ 
Ҿﱻ˶ͷһˮһһѹűصصصϡ 
ҹ˲ˤʹӽֿЦعұϵˣ 
ûشӽֻ߬֡ 
̺Ѿ˹ûǰĲ԰֮ɫһֻľһҡϵǡôһһҡղŻ粻һĶɷʱط˻ǽڶɷƵͶ·Դ󷢣ͣƮƮȥ任λãӿλλٴλλƮĸλãܼ̺ǱһܵԵİλϡɷٶǺε֮죬̺ȴȶɷ죬̺ٶȿ֪Һͺӽֻǰһ̺ȴѵһλá 
ͻȻǼ䡱ĸʬִַ־ŭҪʰǹʣµĸըҩûԶ㱻ǰɢʬסͷͣˣˣȻʬϾըҲ̫ңֻҪʱ˲ɾȥɣ 
ʱ̺ѾصǬλɷȴҶֻλƮš 
̺촽ԽԽ죬ҡҲԽԽ죬ǶɷͻȻŵһͣ·ÿһηľ磬ֱǵ·졣 
ɷڵλֻһλںȻôķƣΧӵľ֧ȳסۡȺյֱźλá 
ʼҲ֪˿̿ȻǾֻŷǱѰãǰɷתתȥ˾ҪԵصϵĵزȴһֱƵλϣɼǾ֧ȷͬСɡȴɷľյɷ룬ббڵλƮȥ 
˵Ʈʵɷһֱûֹͣ紦Ҽ۾ 
̺̤ǰһӽҡ壬ɷȴתøˣǿľ£ʣµ֧˷֮򣬻Сüˣڣۡ죬ֱյ 
̺ŭֵľ̶һɷͬʱһָһԭڵϵöͭǮӦƷɵ̺У̺ٴҧ⣬һѪ絽ֵöͭǮϣ漴ǰһ̽öͭǮڿųɱǵ״Ⱥɷȥ 
Ƕɷȴϵһ㣬ľͭǮ䵽ǰһ̣ͻȻԭߣܵգֱֱ׹Ѹײڶ֮׹ӣۿֻһҵľˣ絽ۡյӦ 
 



ڶʮ 鳾

       ɷķƾһһٲΧɢǽӣ۷ǿͷϵյȴʼնû ҲΪյƣɷһֱû½ֺ 
̺ҿһӡ׮ 
ͯоͰҵǰһĶҵæ̽һ˺ȥͯжϵĶҲŻ̺ղŲȥȥȻ񡭡 
ȥ֮󣬶ɷʱʶʲôתͷԱˣ̺һĹָ£֧ʱӦɷȻûϵһУתͷֳͣһʹֵӣ·֧ÿһ֧˿һ 
߶ˮ֮ʣͻȻһЦĺҵҳҵҳ 
ŤͷĺǰŵײײܽһһЦֽУʱץסʬļȥʵ֪֪֪֪ 
ղŹĸʬʱѾȫɢĺ˲Զ㱻Χסʼʬ̫ˣҲѾɲóû㱻ʬϵڵϣĺֽӲֱϵŸʬӵϡ 
ҿọ̀ʰǹ׼ĺ˵ȥɣиõܵܣһҧ۶˰ 
̺ɷʱλϣתҵͭӸң 
ҸϽͭӹȥ̺ӹȥԥſͷͭѸһؿ̺ⱻһ飬ڵϡͭҲմѪ 
̺ýǰ壬ŲƶѾ˶ɷĽǰٽɷ֧⿾ʹͻ̺ǰ̰ȫעת̺ϣһ㿪̺ͭͬʱֻһĶҹ̺ 
̺󱳼ˣȴ˿նɷֻ֣һһٴλӽϡ 
ɷֻȥһһҼл̺ƺ̺ƲһУ˫ͻһֱôȥ̺εĽ˫ʹһţԾֱɷ 
ɷֻתϣһֻȡ̺ؿڣһֻұȥ̺סһ㡣 
̺ɷͬھڼɷһ˲䣬ͻȻڿһŤ䵽ɷߣȶ㿪˶ɷ֣㿪ס֡һأ̺˫ȷڵһ壬һӰھ֧Χе˳Լһ෭С 
ӹһߣһæеӣӣ 
̺֧еһ̣Ǭλһ̽Ǭλϵͭһضֱ̺С 
ɷûӦּɵž֧򣬲׽ֻ̽£ôһԥĹ̺һѪţžͭһƵĹâͭɷһĶǵŮ˰Ĳҽһһ˿һƵͭ 
һƺ̺֮ͭһͦӵϵֱֽͭ˦餣һͦҼ磬ͭҲֶһͭض˽ڡ 
ΪѾ󹦸ɣ̺ȴŴһ죬˺׮ 
ӽͯŮ餣һһ˺ȥҲϽͯУЦţس˹ȥ 
 
 





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       ź֮ͯڵϣΪɣ˵Ъˡ ӽЧңȴͻȻɫһ䣬ʲô 
һȻԶȷʲôɳɳģС 
Ҫк̺һȴ̺ѵڵˡ 
æȥ̺үүѣ 
һ̺۾ȻۡһˡƵصôĴҵ˻˰ɣ 
̺ҡҡͷŵʦˣҡ⣨ߣˣ˵ִ 
һ԰̺Ǵ½ôͻȻ֮ɸٯˣ漴һ룬ˣղʱ̺ͭһͷ 
ҾղǴ˵ô˵ô߾£ȥ˵үͷû˰ɣ 
̺ɥϵǣϵǣ˵ʦ׽ˣаࣩͷûϵ£ˡ 
һʱסˣصôأǰҼúõģ 
̺ҡҡͷ׽ʦôܽأղ񣨲ţѱɷľ˷ʦģϲ񣨲ţ˴֣ 
һĶʱˣѵǴ֪Ѿβסɷ˲𣿷Ϊʲôǰ컹úõģͻȻ֮ˣ 
뵽ܲζǰʱӿͷҲ̲סˣɵظ̺һʹʧ 
˹һűˤ۵壬һƵؿҺ̺ʵڿô£˵ӣ𣿡 
ǿסеıʹ̺ļ򣬵үǻǿ߰ɣҲЩȥܼһ棡 
仰ʲôã̺һܼһ棬ʱվߡ 
Ҽæ治ˣ 
̺ãȻؿңᣨΪʲô 
ҵ˲·𣿡 
̺һţͿˣ죬ϰʰ⣨ߣɣ 
ʱɳɳԽԽ󣬺ӽˣЫӣ 
һЫͷˣҪٸϴһ纣˵Ыӿǻý 
̺ޣЫʲôµģУЩҩϵǣģӦܶԻޣЫӣ 
ҵүûһֻֻȥˣʲô취 
̺˵֣أټϡɳɳҲԽԽ֪ȷʵͬСɣһʱ֮ʲô취 
ӵүӸָ· 
ӽ߹ȥӣʵӴʲô취 
ӵϵĻǹȥŪЫ»İɣ 
һæкһҪʰöȥŪ裬ͻȻʲô߰ģǴʤ飬ûõľ˰ɣŶǻ· 
һҲǣЩҲûǮŻ治㣬Щõ£Ķ˳ 
߻һЩʬҪֻ̧ǹһըҩ䡱һٵɢܵȥŪ衣̫ˣ󲿷ֶǽһģȫȡΣ̶ɣֻͭġһΪʱȼն̵ò֡Һ̺׳Ժǿİ֡ 
ɳɳѵ˽ǰ˲ٵ飬Ū֮ȥǵЫѾڽŵ³֣ٳ弸ǰŻһξ룬ϵЫѾ飬ЩЫӵٶȶó棬ȻϼʬĲкЫӺϺ£ƽء 
ӿصʬ֫壬̾ӣǴһӲ̣ 
ҵŷɽǲôһ˵žǹ׼ǰһըҩȥ䡱һըһͨ 
ĸ˻æȥ̳֮ܳЫѾԽԽ࣬иڲסӿϵЫѾ˺һ㣬ֱλá 
ĸųһݶӣǰӽҺ棬ֻ̺кӽûû裬˶ŻȥɢŲϷӵЫӣҲֻǿһССĿյأһȥ֮Ы̾Ͱѿյػġ 
ǰЫӣֻĸڵλһСհףȥƺ˵㣬һƬЫӵĺ󡣶ǾʻϵһҶۣʱбûĿܡ 
˼̳֮Ѿʬʬˣǰ󶦱ȴһε͹ǻŻ貽ǵǰߵ͹ϵʱ򣬼̲סŻѸһЫɢһ֮£ȫˡ 
ϵźѪĺ϶Ȼǲ֪ôЫˡţʹı飬Զضʱһ̡ 
ӵãԱУ˲ɷ˵һڡ 
̺Ҳ 
ʱԭΧˮйͨЫͻȻ˻ңű㡰ҴܣգۼЫѾܵһ룬֮һ 
ĸ˱Ū֪ʲôʱһ𶯴ӵص״ 
 



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       һ֮ƺһһµģȸղıըҪǿϲ֪ٱ 纣һЫܵӰȫޣڵһֻЫӶҲˡ 
ӵô£ 
ҵĶ֪ˣǿ߰ɣƺǵ𣡡 
̺ɷ䣨⣩Ӫ꣩ϵƣ٣ѹǣƣǧĵҪˣǿ⣨ߣ 
̺Ļ䣬ѴǵĽ¡ĸæѻһӣûǰȥԽԽǿλãȻûܼϺʯ㱻޴ƿˣһɹɵľ𣬳صʯͷʯͻȻ֮ñȺëᣬ³ϵľߵõҷɡ 
ǰ棬пߵ·һ߲ܲʱ󺰵Ҹ 
ͻȻǰһγһ¶ȡ뵽¶Ѿѿһ󹵣һ׼ȥ±٣¶ȶͷʱһԾ𣬿ԾҲſǹ̫ˣһãꡱһֱײ潵µĶϣǿס˹ضɽһңһʯ½ҲôԶ 
¶ڲϳӵܵһҪǲˡ 
Ӽӣӣ죡 
ҸϽҳӣƳ˼ۣһбʯæܹȥϵ棬һͷӸӵס 
ӽ֮ݸ̺ͺӽţʹӳһбֱߣȥֽŲãٶ˹źӽֻʣ̺ˣ̺Ȱѱ˹ﶼǷʵ᲻ӣҪ˵ĻûعƱ룬ıءӹ̺֮ԵúɣΣţİɣ 
Ӽʲô㣬 
̺ץסһһֱУһڴڵһɲ˫һ˳һϸ߸Ծڿһǰȵǰ 
޵а⣬ֲߣ 
ĸټǰȥѹǧĵε֮󣬿ﱾһˮأǷͬСɣȻһͷųȷɽ֮ƣҲֲЩЫҪ׷ˡ 
ĵ漸ٻеĺȻѣеֻּһγһSε壬еݣеͻ𡭡ʵǲǵ棬¶һ޴ĵͷ군 
ұܱߺҿܣٻǾͿºӣʱ˳£ܿͿӳ꣡ 
һ·ѾǰûؿܡܵٻţĲλѾһξ룬СһЩ 
˲϶ͣҸϽóԤһ򣬰ϴεķͺӽҵ˻ڡһҵһ׹ȥҲ 
ҸɿͻȻˮ 
ĸ˴еùǾ޴ĵͷҲԺӰ졣˵ˣæεϣٴο11ţɱȥ 
һͻȻ˵ѵºֿʼˣĸһһƳºӿȥһ֮¶治ѣºڵ 
ҸңºӵĻȻʧȥԴͷΪǸٲҪ磬ȵºӵɵʱǲһˤҲзϡ 
ܵºӾͷʱ򣬵ºˣֻʣһտյĺӵһЩ˶βأڸɺԵĺӵ 
ȿһ£ȷ̶ˮȥ 
ϰʱĸ˾ػĸо 
ں̶ߵĲݵϣҲ쳣ε 
ӵҺöгԵûˣ 
Һͺӽѱ׵Ҳֻҵɿ 
̺ǿ⣨ߣɣһҪϻشȥʦһ档 
شԵȵȣҴȴͻȻһƵĵġ䡱𶯱̶ʱһ޴У·ѿһ 
ĸﻹԥʱʯȥѰΪܾ˻вѵƥǵԾһ񱼡 
һһһȻϣҲܸоصĶֱܵԶˣҲͣסϿһŨīƣ֪ǶǵǧĵӿγɵġϵļʯҲб̮Щطĵ˵¡ 
Ҳ̾һڵµΰĹĹĹִڳȴʬʬһ˵ĹӡӵǧеĶɷĹһ̣Ҳڿ˵ټˡ˵ټҲ˵ټ 
һжˡ 
ӿͷһݣ˫һһǰȥ 
Ҳæǰ׷ȥֱܵ뽫岻Զĵط 
ӷٶȣҶòˣô죿 
һ˵Ҳٸм̣æŤ̺үôǶ˿죡 
̺ͷʵҲګֵżʦһ棡 
ӽȻǾ͵ҼŪЩ԰ɣҼûˣҲ˶ʱ䡣ӽ˵⻰ʱ͸һѵõɣžôʣֱڣ˵Ҳһֽ˰ɡ 
͵СӵĻǿȥҲˡ٣ӣSƽ 
ĸȥӽܵǰ·ںһغŴSͻƽ 
˵طӽԵȣԼȥŪԵȥˡ 
˶ڴϵšǹʵΣӶ˱϶ץʱ龰 
ӵ⺫϶Ƕץ˵ַˣǵǹʹ 
ҵͷʾͬ⡣̺ûʲô˵ԹԵȥŴ 
ֵǲǻʲôΣǺ϶ǻ˵Ҫǹص𣿵Ķأүһٵ٣ 
˵ӽʳֱ˽ǰȥԴ 
ӽӴȥοǵط̫ˣҴСʱȥһξҲҽȥˡ 
ҵϹĶȥΡ 
ģ첻ص˭˵ϹˣҾȥ 
ӽǺðɣ˵ǽһӡӴһȥ 
 



 ʤʦ

       ֱֱȥһҸϽܹȥһģתӽξڴõ棿 ӽ԰ 
̺Ҳ֣չ¿š 
ҽ˼ȴûӵĻӦҵûʲôΣհɣ 
ӽҲΪղŵĶеǸ˼صûС 
˼ûлӦҸϽù˩ãµΣӽ̺Ҳ 
ҵλ治Сһ߽ӣһͨǰȥ 
ǰпһΣ˵ǺģǽõĶʯͷȥֹֽʵͨ߸һһηȻդŶòǿ﷢š 
תһ䣬ǰֳ޵⡣ 
ӣҴһǰȥܵҶʱˡ 
̺ͺӽҲ˵ 
ӹƽصô 
૵ˣ 
˿̰ǰģһɸֱѳɵСɽͭС¯鱦ʯӦУá 
죬̺ԭҧϣӪ꣩ĶŪˣ 
̲ס𣿡 
ҵȻġ 
ӵòã 
ҵ˵Ȳ֮ƣв֮ 
һ̷ȥñȥҲ 
˱һװһ§ҼСʵҲΪ㣡 
ƵСһǮۿڵҿ̣ 
۾ӽʲôʱ飿 
ЦŴһȭȥģһûأ 
ӡٺ١Цҿˣ 
ҲעűȺøõı˵Žһɽɽأô౦Ҳۡ 
ĸһĴǺ֣Ȼ˭Ҳó 
ضĸоԭôáһ־ʵǽңǺӽ˵ҪؼŪԣ˵ҪٵΣǡ 
̫ˡ˵öԣһжԵʻᣬһж 
λȥȻҲʱͬһ·˶˵Цδá 
𳵡¡¡ؿţһ޼ʵĴԭϼۡ 
ʮһųﲻʱһ󿪻ĴЦ 
ƽѹ˵ĻЦת̺δȫʤȫүүʵǾӹΰĺүĴ£Щҽ軨׷ɣү޵ۻȢӣԸɴɣ 
̺Цĺɮǧô˵ࣨΣܳôĹ£ϰʵӦøлŶԣѧ֮ˣһɮҲδϣôϵ£ҲδؾӪܣóɡ 
˶·ҵĸ̨ǻùЦҰڰֵⶼүı£ӦøлүŶԣүǧô 
̺ҲЦģģϴĺɮҵġʣأͨ仯΢ݼ澭ãҸмˣǲ֪йŴϵǣԴ־ԣȻɫ磩˶һػģʶڹŴɮˮƽ£ûȽ̽⣩ɫ裩ˣֻܿй١ʦ˼Ƴ⣩﷢չĽ̡ 
һ̺Ҫƪ۰æҡͷǰ֣̺ͼɱѿ֮С 
˽죬ͣ£漴վ𣬡λÿǣվˡ 
ԶͿڳǰ֣һֻһ죬סҡҡȥ 
ͻȻһ磡һӣ 
Ҿϲغһ˶ѳ嵽ǰһӰ֣ͬһһߵͬ־ˣͬ־ˣ˵һ·ȥǲʶ˶һ⣬Աһһ飬ЩܳΪĸͰ׵ཱུ׳ڽӼȺأ 
һ뱼ġ 
ƹѲ˹ζѰѺһһȥɽһоϸͼӴ׵ػɫؽһ飬ҲǲҲȥͬķʽһͨ 
𱭵Ǹʲô˵ţԣ࣬λ˴ζоգ׻ҵù鿭ĺֵֵܺܣȻǰǵڼȻȫʤնķᣬʵӢ޳ҰǸһ 
˺ȻӦƵɡ 
һͲ֪Եʲôʱòʡ¡ 
 



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       ⶼŵƽʣһƬϲľ Уϲҵݣүӵѣжѣҵѡ 
Ӵֵǰһվ־ҪȥĸͷһѴ֣Ҵϲӣʵ 
ˣڿȫ˵ĴָǺ磬˵㣬Ҳܾ˷С 
ҵģСһݣҺúñְ 
Ӵ󺰵ϣ 
˵䣬пһǣǺһһӣдҲˣӴһ򲻲ϲֳϺյShirleyҲˣæӭȥк 
һĺֵܣϲϲ 
æͬϲͬϲͬʱյһϣʲôʱ° 
һ̾ˣĺֵôܷΪûУ 
ҵ氮Цȥо˰ɣһʧҵأ쳯ģ 
һЦ˴˱˴ˣʵɣұаˣվҪŵȥˣһӢˮӣ 
Ľɱڸв֪ҪӵˣСܿɱȲˡ 
һͻȻɫԺ𵹶ĹˣǴҲˣ٣ǲ˰ɣЩͦõġ 
ҵͷҲժˣԺˡ 
˵仰һȥкɣȥĻأ 
Ҳüͷˣǰɣںױˣڻûأ 
һЦȥӭϸսļˡ 
Ϊ׵һʮ˾СӣҲ͡ 
˰ǽߣĺϴʲôʱٳҲȥʶʶ£ 
СͷϵһǣСӣôѧأǶʲô֣ 
Ϊ׵ǸСܼޡ 
εͣάdeclerɫciac 
ֱüͷ趼ʲôְ߰ģô֣ 
޵ٺ٣ˣҲУξĺϴȥɣиܴĿꡣ 
ʲôĿꣿ 
޵٣Ȼʼˣ˵ôˣûܽȥȥô 
һΪʲôһֱۣŭ֪ߵغëͷСӣжԶԶ 
Сӷ߷߲ƽת뿪ٵſڵʱǸм޵תͷߣʲô˲ģ㲻ǾԼȥ˵մҴˡ 
Ҳû׷ȥѵСӣϵˣҵðȡ 
֮ȻϿϯҵһüһǶ˰²аʮƺƵƣԺȵòֺ 
һðƣһñϼӵİ̫ʧܣҵ˼ƾòˡֻһӲͷƤĲǿ֧šȾһʱʣϱˡ 
ܶһƬϲֺ䣬ȴͻȻһۿ 
æӭȥתߣҽϣߵǰĴʱתҸùϲô 
ڵѾǳ˵ҿ˰ɣ̺˵Ѿ 
ܼҲ˵ֵڿ𣿡 
ҿŴܣٶٵصͷ 
΢ЦѾҪ֮𣿡 
ҽͰ͵ص󡭡ͽ⡭̺һ棬Ǽšûа 
Ȼһ΢Ц㻹ûлشҵĻ 
ҵĴڹƶѾ˽ҵʲô֮˰ҵȻҪ֮ˣ 
ܵл۸ˣ֮ˣԸ𣿡 
ұ۾룬ͷߡߣ˭¡˭ 
תȥŸϣȴͻȻһסˡһͷһС㡭ôˣ 
ӽɷ˵ҾߣһֱߵյĶ 
ӽ㰮ң 
ưưֿڿʰŪˮȡ 
ӽһӰƵڴϣȻش 
Ұڰֵ㲻ˮҡͲش㣡 
ӽһףҾڴϹһš֪˶Ȧѹϣˮȣ 
ӽ۾ 
ҹЦһûأ˵ŶȥѺӽ·û뵽ղŻ֮ĺӽͻȻϣصһ䣬ȰѴϡ 
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