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ԵСӣڶԸ̳Ȼ˵һܵСˣõŵģɱǱ̳ĵӣӦûӦеĽͣȻ˭Ը汾ҶѲ෴ǣɱգǵͷŲǿͷʣʵ֤̳ʮ 
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ɲǼ䣬عš 
˱ǽͷƺȫͷѲɢеĽԱˡ 
ԾŤһʣסһʽţȵ»ǰŵʽţЦЦעλֶ 
ҵĺñֶСл㡣õʽжԷ°̧½̳̳˭ 
㡭֪֪㡭̳»ؾʡ 
ñֶ㣬˵ 
㡭 
㲻˵ 
Щ¡ 
߲һ죬ʽڳ»ϣͷһѪԽһᣬˡ 
һ˵ʵģ˵ʵ˿Բʽһһ󺺵ͷãĿ㣬£̳˭ 
ѻ⣬ȴƶֽš 
ڡǡõġĵӡ󺺾ءѵظУӡûû̳̳ 
ôҺްˡ 
 
ɱ˶ˣ 
ҡֻǷ¡š 
һԴ 
㣬а𣿡ʽ۴󺺵ĶĥΪ׵ˣԲԣ 
̳աճ۴󺺼ﲻڡ¾͡Ͳ֪ˡ 
ô 
̳㡭 
Ҳƣ׽𣿡 
ǡڡšݱڡ¸ߡߵöࡣ 
Ŷû˵ѡүλףȫʮŮ٣ںδ 
ǡ 
ںף 
ģǡִӵ£롭ޡ޹أֱܡִִ̳֮ݡүҪҪ̡ 
߲һ죬һԴ 
ƴС 
һĵˡ 
ȥ߹̳ԾŶʽţүһʮڣػصԼļңһҲСٸĺȺϿԶ߸߷ɣȻӦͷҸ̳ʱ䣬סˡ 
 
ˣܸԾŵҪδ˳֮⡣ 
˵ջѾһʱˡ 
õƹٴˣصةˣѲ졢졢£ڸɵĽѲ׷Ծš 
׾ҲɳԱ⡣ 
ɣ˭Ҳ֪׷ԾǺ·˵ץס׷ͨɱ׷ᳬһ״ 
һ죬θջסÿͣˮǼǵǳ̹䡢ۡǲһġ 
겻ʱ̹ķиƣߵš 
̹һλݵĴ󺺣ȫɱ˼һֽߡ 
Ʒĳ̹ſ˵ 
ſվűǵʦ塣 
Ȼǳ̴ݹ٣ǵ𣿺ǺǣΥˡʦЦңȭʩ״ȡ 
ԭǳȭ̹֡ĸ⣬ȻӭͣŶҲİɣ 
ֵܵļڱǡڶһת˲һɺã 
ииû⡭ 
˺Ƭ̣仰㲻뽭¡ 
ֵܴӾھݵࡣ̸̹е⣺ھݹͷػݣ;أȲ֪Ǳˣݣˡˡ 
˵˵Ǻǣ̴ų׷׵Ӣе֮һҲѹֹ˶ 
ּЦˣôƭƭ˵ѡ֣͵ôһ£ǽ⣬ʱй̽˻𣿡 
ڵϷסһλŵˣǸ׷ȭ赭д˵ǰ꣬ٸ׽Ŷֵݣǲ뾣ˮƮСۣ츮ھֵ½ͷȴپֵأ׽ˡ 
Ѿˡ׷ҡͷЦ 
ô֡ 
ȥˡ 
ѽ 
ֺܱң¹ȴƽ׷޵ĸпڴ꣮ڻеڴȨȨףȻȻǨŭ 



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       ߣ˽˼Σҹ٣һ꣬ٸΪʹɱڡԩޣôһ¡ ˭Σ 
֪ǣإǰλȨ֮̾ݾɽĵȺһʮˣ˵ʮѲڵӵ˵ҹɱկ֮࣬ȫǿµɱǡ 
λȨլС뼰ߵϣһʡ֣֪йеĴ˵ɣ 
˵ȭɫһ䣺µһȺˣҲƱӦ񣬾˵ר˸ĿֲţºµʣմѪǺ졣 
ԣЩ˵Ǻ·˭Ҳ֪跨Ѱû˳ɹŶ˵䷿סһԾŵ׷ 
ǵġ 
İǡ 
̫ǽٵɱ˻󻧡 
Ŷֵھݣ֮У׷λȨѪ·֮ǰһλԳԣԳƽԴµˣἰɽľֵš 
һλ˵С˵ѲɽʱһԳ԰ٰԵˣ˴غڼ֣˵λԾţ᲻ǡЦЦôɡǺǡ 
׷һЦЦ⣬ȴ﷢ë 
Ųôɰɣȭ򶨵˵Դ£԰ٰԣԾƺһ 
Ҳǵġ׷˻Ժ԰ٰԻԴеˣλȨɽ⵽ӦͲˡҲ޹أЩˣмֹСԩС·ǡŶ֣Сڷλ֡ 
˭ 
겻ɢ䣬ײ׳ɱ֣Ѫ򡣡 
ǲŪˣλֵǼǵۡ 
˭ûм԰ٰԡԴ£Ծţ˭֪Ǽ٣׷ٵ˵ 
ֵľǣԸǲڱȭվǣ;Ͷ٣ˣֵרǰдСԾ֮꣬ 
ȭھڷʱƳͷķһۣı仯Ѳ⡣ 
ã˼ӵ˲ܵļ 
ʯסһλĹԱЯĴεĳһ֪أ˶վȻƻԻͣŷæµ 
෴أëүլԺȴĵǡŵϨЩܱյŴҲ͸ƹ⡣ 
ִ˼ҵլԺڣԺĸһĹ񣬵Щ仯İ˰룬Ҳܲ巽֪ںδסԺе˾ǲġ 
һӰ󲻾ãƵĽëҵĶԺͨдԶס޵ĵطëȴǺѳ롣 
ëҽмλͨļʦǾ˽֪¡ϴүаʹëҵļʦ̳аȬġ 
죬լеѲҹԱԲиԺĹ£һҹˣƶʹнҲԷˡ 
λҹǸмңһоϾмҡԴӻ֮һʱУȻƶֺҲŲˮɱ˫վ˲ᷢģ˫Ȼ˶зϡ 
ӰϣѾĻƶƵĻܿڣȡӰмемңڹµҹˣȻֵĺӰ 
ӰѶëլĸȻأѹϢֱء 
ëլءǼϣëүڷҡҵȻëүޣһ檣ѾͷйĲŮˣںδЪޣļҲ޷֪Ϥ 
ҹ߽࣬ɴ֦ʢǹͺͺأһ׾١һ˫ӥĿԼɼ쾮ÿһ䡣κƶҲ¡ 
ǣûзһ䶯Ӱ 
һ˫ǿĴ֣סʺ⣬Ȼұʹǡ 
²ϣòסϵ档 
ʺվɣԳغˡ 
㡭ǡʡ 
Ծš 
顭 
ԤۻᣬΪֹͣˣ 
ӵ֪ͨ١ʱȡȡˡ 
֪ͨӺζ 
֪Ǳ䡭֣ɡǳ塭үġ 
ô֣ 
㡭աճ̡ 
Ŷԭˡүأ 
⡭ 
㲻˵һ˵ġëүԴ˿̱Ѷϳ˶úܡ 
ڡڼ󡭡ءҡ 
һ˶˹ǻֵ֪Ͷڼϣӡȴ֪ϵĵ£󲻼ܼ 
еһ𣬱ʧȥ֪ 
ڵúܴҲһλëүıڰء˼ңһΪʺĸڻԺƺǼƽ£ëҲ⡣ 
صţҲǽյģȥ治£κڵע⣬˴ضʧܡ 
˶ԣΪ԰ȫĵط⣬׷²طĵĴ 
λ´޵۲죬ΪǷ͸ĳһ϶ĺХҲͲᡣ 
ʱʱͣ಻˶ãھȻͿͿڰ̨˯ˡİĿռУø 
ŽʮּΣ˫ӲĻëүټһŸܣŶ롣 
ٽĺţǱжġ 
ױ̨һյƣĹ⡣ͭ̿ůȫů紺ƿʣϵĽڴڲ࣬ԧϷˮĽϣһŮ޴ƣ̬ϳʣ˯ 
Ծ˻ױ̨͵ƣٻصǰϹǰŴʷڷм䣬Ȼ˴˺һ 
˺ھ˴ϵˡëү䣬ıŮߵö࣬Ⱦͦ 
ƹҫĿڴǰ˺ᡲԾš 
ôˣëүŭؽУ´ 
Ծšô̩Ȼүұ֣Ӧüǵҡ 



 

       ëү־ŭһȣϾһ͵ĺڻ͵ġ Ծ˹˹ĵһеĴᡣûͷûԵذëүס޵ 
飡߲߲߲顭ȭͷ飬ÿһǽƤʹ 
ɴëүᡲס棬һȭһʮ߰ȭ֮ߵֹͣˣڴϳһ⡣ 
ŮѾѣŵŮһŷоȴв 
ëүӰлָѣڷԼͷֽűڵʽţԷڵϡһΣһ˱ס͵ĿϣֻҪһƲܡ 
ԾŲסտлдȡ֦㣬̴ľζ 
ڣëүǳұȫʧٵš㲻ʵйߣԾŽΣһŮ٣ڻԺȫϣʮˣһһһÿȹΪֱֹΪֹ㣬ǵһ⣬Щ뿪ð 
ҵĹëүؽУҡҲǱȵģҡ 
տսˣȻβϡ 
ëүĿںڣʹû鴤ӼḺ̌ǡ 
㻹жΣ񶾵ġĹԾг˽һ£һ㣬ڽϴһʱգĽڹ½أųΪǵľ޸ġ 
㣬˵ƵεĻᣬս̷̾ߡ 
㣬ڰ½̳ 
㣬簲½ǰʦϼӿƣ˳ 
㣬ҩͷ䣬׷裬Ȼ̣եĿ߲ؽǩѺ÷ 
ѹե¶Ŀ캦Ų£㻹˵Ǳȵģ 
һëүɺҡҲǻڡڲڡҡ 
ǵȦףϡǵģҡˡ 
ĿǰĴ·̳̳࣬˭˵صķ̳˭ 
ҡҷģҲָֻֻ֪֪ҵӷӷʦ̳黤ҲҴӷеõôѯ̳飿 
ӷʦ黤šߣǲʦ 
ǡǵġ 
ôڣ 
ҪټĵӻģʱڣҲˣǵȥ򣿡 
Ϊθڣ 
м˵ͼִﱾǣΪⲻҪ鷳֪ͨ 
üһ½Щһ׳ˡԾɭɭ˵κη紵ݶǶ֪ٸǵˣǵˣ̾ǵˡǵʦȭ壬Ҳǵˣ 
Ҳֻ֪֪һõˡëүʱش𣺡ȫǱݵˣ׵࣬ʱһǧӣʱ׳ 
үҵȷ֪׵ģִ̳Ա¡ȾˣȥľȥɣŵܵûȥԸǧӲ㡣һ̧֣ү 
ǧӣҲҪˡһһҲ˶ʮӣǧֵ֡ 
ԾүΪǧӶ 
һҪԾүޱȣʱҪҲֻҪҴųԼ㡣Ϊ˼ӡ֪Ծүʡ͵ĵƣԣŵ㡣 
ộտڵˡ 
Ȼһõ 
ʮϵŮŻˣëүıƤۣһǾһѪۡ˶ʮޣëүֹͣѪģ 
飡һҵľ죬Ǳײˡ 
ԾŶմѪҶȥ 
ϵĳƣ֪ʱ࣬дŹ 
ԾŴܳţվһԺڽˣϵһϸĹֱУһֽУӭϡ 
˫Խ˭Ҳ뿪·ҲϾ̵˫ʮͻȻӰ˫ѾԣԴΪǿ⡣ 
˫ֻȭͷչһ׺ҵĶ񶷣ȭ죬̫ˣ֪˭ȥ˭˫Ƥ񣬽ֻܵҪסҪ޹غּ 
ùԼ࣬ȼӱмŴܡƬ̡ڵļҾһ㣬˱֣񰸡̨Ρ衭һͿ赲Էһʮңƾģ൱൱Ұ屻ȥײ 
أľűײˣԺźףʮѵһӿ롣 
Ծһˣ˻磬ͻȻʧԺõĺڰߵ 
˱࣬ǡñײӿ˴ԣ߲ 
һŭ˴˭ûѱϵ̰ϵģŸִƿյХѺѵһ֧Ӵ 
ǷɽУһһͻȻ۶ϣһѵҲ˱Ʈ⣬һײһƺҲˡ 
׷ã׷ߵԾš 
һ˿ɽ󸫵ˡλͬóĿ϶Ӹֱϡ 
Ҫ·ʹÿɽ󸫵˴Уһ޸һɽη 
УɵȴмܳصĿɽ޸һУλϰ෴ķܰѷͻȻӶԷ̽룬ʯ𣬷Էࡣ 
ʹɽ˾Уһ˲ʣҺ̵׷ 
ס֣ס 
մ˫Ŀһ䡣 
ſˣһŮλȵˣǸͰ٣ӥĿ⣬üĳһָϺΪüĶġһϮƤۣһ֦ʳ 



ڰ ο

       ŮԼʮͷŮ˳Ĵ껪Ҳ൱һˮϧ̫࣬ĺڸõߡ ף֪׼ˣе̣˵˸µݣûáɭɭɤ˵£겻ɢ䣬Եǰ½ˣԹġ 
Ƿñɷ겻ɢɭǰ½һλʥνϣ̸ 
ǰ׷һ󺺣УҾүүˡղǼһѾӵ 
ҡ˰ν겻ɢ²ġ 
ͬ棬ʹЩ겻ɢ˽׼ݻûء 
ڹĻ򵹻У 
г£һ 
䣬㻯з£ȴδȡ÷ĻᣬȻһš 
Ů˵һЦԳֶ˵ЦУֺЦŮеķ顣 
̧ˣƺò޽š 
겻ɢͻȻֹ׷С´졢бԾһı仯ڵʯƵ˲ɡ 
öѱΰ޽ŵзɳǣȫգ겻ɢ÷Ԥ⶯ 
飡󺺵ͷϿգĿѣٶȷӶײˡ 
ףһ£Ȼɫһ䣺Ȼ׵ضҵġ 
Ϊ겻ɢ˵ˣʹشˡһ쿴ԼĽǷһ˵¼Ҫ˺ܶ࣬˭ҲûɹҴſְ֧ʮУ͵ϮԸһﱾ͵Ϯרҡ 
ʱ֣ջʳʮÿͽʳԵ壬ߵÿͶˣӦ塣 
λǼΪˣڽһԽʳȾƣͭɫӣýӽϽɫг˺˿죬ƺкӰž⿪ʼӿˣڴ󱭴ࡣ 
һλǼΪ۵ˣһã̬УȾƱȽЩ 
һơһλõĿΰˣһλСˡ 
˺Ц߽ʳСǰϳʡ 
ֺþ΢Ц˵ 
Ҳʶ㡣ݶŶԷžһ¾ƱλúܣҪµľ𣿡 
ⲻʶ𣿡˲Ϊ棬Цݿ䣺սְëүļϡﻨһ㡣 
ף˵ôֵֹ 
Ǻǣ겻ɢҵ 
˵˭겻ɢ˵겻ɢ𣿡 
Ҫôˣ֡ 
µ¡겻ɢԼƣҪ֤Щô£ôˣǺܲ׵ģ֤֤֤ȵȣ൱¡ 
ĳҪָ֤ôô¡ЦɣǸʷᣬëү׼ˡ겻ɢȻ鴫ǣƺ²δʤһĬĬŵԾš 
˭ԾţҲɢˣһطȻôıڻԺ治򵥣ǲǹصĵһ֣ߣҪϣϣԶµĵ֣±µּǲĿľ֡ 
õģʲôУԶˡλֹأ÷͵ϮŮˣ´òҪҡ 
ëү 
ȥ˼һ޼۵бʯĽ 
ߣǼû⡣ 
Ǻǣͨùڷڡ 
һҵõġ 
ĳ㡣һﾪˡ 
ô겻ɢ⡣ 
ȻġסԷ 
´Ӳκ̸겻ɢȻ˵ 
̸ò 
ơ겻ɢִ˵ 
ܼ򵥣̸ֻģΪλԾţҲ־λ㽻ֵˡ 
µĵ֡ 
ʵף㲢ûбʤİաǣʮ˲ˡ 
ףĿԾŲëүıڣ 
˭Ҳ֪ڼӽĵסɱëү 
Ŷԭˡ 
Ȥ𣿡 
⡭ 
µĶĿڶ࣬ٿԹһЩҪ¶Ů𲯣ǲϧġ 
¿һ죬𸲡ڣµľˡ겻ɢ 
ã죬ĳֻ𣺡ǲǺһͬģ 
ͬа飬ҰҲа顣 
Ϊʺ֮⣬ǡ 
͡ 
һڣ״Ԫݼҵլ죬ƻȫޣռϢ 
үȫʧٵǰ죬ѰݼҲҵɱɱλǵĵعͷͷˣ͵ҡײƭƦͻȻ򸻺үֺžǿ֪ġ 
⼸죬һʱӿȥˡ 
Ļ̥ˣԷɫ仯൱еġүıԾŵĳ֣ǻֵı硣ıɱԾŵжʧܣλһ´үɱֻˡ 
ëүë汳ãĪĵ庮·Ӧͷһģ˭ 
ľҪˣ֧ŲסңֻίĺȺִ֣Ⱥֻ١ 
ЩȺǺܸɣ㶨Զȵ̫ãܿͻ׷ٴУӦֻ׼լҹκʱ̣ޱߵɱʱԿֵܽ 
ȥˣô¶ûз 
ᣬдѵĵطס˼ˣȴɱѣļпˣֻһܣ⼸ˣƿܵǣˡ 
£վӰǰĴԺУǻԣѵ㣬ҲͺͺءЩطһֻܹҲΣκθҹˣҲӹӰĶĿ 
ĸˡǸ˵ͬ˵ǻ쵰ˣ֪ȫ׼ðǰ֣ԾŵˣǺ·ĺڵް겻ɢҲֲסôû˵ 
ȵ׵˷أ֪ĵϸˡĸһҹ˵Ļʱ̡Ϲ֣㻹ǻطȥ˯һɣ컹æأе֣ѳ⣬Ȼ鲻ǻ쵰ƽʧˣ 
ǿæζˣץ֮󣬺ߣ 
֣ץ겻ɢϹֻд̣ñܣϿʾøϣ 
ߣɲҪŷ￴ˣҶɾˣҹҲǽۣ֮ɾţɲɻġףôһӡš 
Ϲ󲻵һӴҮĶҲҡ 
ȡһֻжɾԴشķѡ 
ҹţƵʮ־Ķǡ 
λϹ֣ȴסϣ˫һأ 
һ֦ѳڴŵĺ£ǵڶ֦ 
ó˶ˣܵݶҲ˳֡ 
ǣ˭Ҳûֵˡ 
ϹֺͶɾûһͷһ˾̫أˡڸְ˷ɭУֵӰȥ٣ҪʾȻ飬ʾɱˣ˵˿˵һˣ˵ 
һӰյһСŷ֣ʩʩȻߡ죬̹ǣѩ٣ôŵСɢ 
ãһӰӽ󡣽Ϣ 
Ϊβ͵ϮǰһӰʣδͷ쿴 
ѷҸˣ͵Ϯɹġһöɤ˵ǸŮˡ 
㵹֪֮㲻ɱðɣǴĶݵġ 
ӺδԾǶ֪ˣ֪ǻڵɲǼ䣬Ѿ˼صˣΪ棬ʵϿһľ̫ԶˡԾţ 
ԡأ 
֣֡ʲô𣿡Ů˸ںԼɣ˵У¶൱Ըζ 
ݵλͿ֪ǲǽˡ 
𣿡 
һֶβ̵Ů̿ͣǶķҶɱ˼ʵ˰ĴºŸĳΪһΪúʱ󣬷ķҶ̫䣬ֲᷢʧȥ׼ͷɣ 
䣬ֲᷢģܣȻʧȥ׼ͷǡ 
ûаģ 
Ҳǵġ֣ǡ;˵أѴϣɼҵġ 
ʧְˣֹ 
ͨûŪϸǲóȻġͬʱɱ˶ˡԣֻӦȿңɼѿ 
ɱҵ 
ֵһӽ飬뿪½뿪˾ͲҪ 
ɱɱȻǮ񡣡Ծ̲סݱξ٣ȻְϾˮ㣬޵Ľ鱦Ҵֲֵ֮ʮȻһң仹ô˵£̸ 
֡ 
㲻֣ҿҪˡǰ̻㲻ֵطɣ 
֣ܸÿɣ 
ûУ̸ 
ǡָصʱ䡭 
ûбҪһҵõġԾŶȻر̸֮š 
֡ 
ӰԾʧһֲָխСڡ 
һһίʵò˼飬ͻȻˣκηӦҲ޷ 
˺µλŮ̿Ȼעźڰķ﷢ 
ֵطߣܺϢʵϵȷϢޡ 
һ磬ֵ̻ܵѲ飬ݺݺྪʧ룬οǸǴɧԹص 
οûԾţ̻ӹ깫ˣûһԾš 



ھ ׷̹

       ׵׷̹ǸϽϽȻѶ࣬ȭ壬֮һһλͽʦǰ׵ʿ ׷Ϊĺȭֺÿͣһϡһ磬׷ΪҹӳǵñײԶסڽӽͷ߻ӡ 
൱ʢгȭȵʮͽͽЩͽͽУЩͷĻ죬ЩǴ˼ҵӵܣüһãϯķлȻʮֶ׷죬˭ֲϲ˷УԺ˲پơ 
ϯ֣˫߷־⡣ţͽͽȺǳ 
ȭеڶϯϯƫԺ 
׷һů紺Ļǰһһ֡ 
λϯŮеŲŮķ˫ʮ£ò绨󷽡 
̴ٱֵأһһᡣλƤ۵ȱȭʩЦк 
գŴ׹յü壬Ȼʤ 
֣λѣĽǰ׽ȭȹȵΪλǽеٶѦۣڴλĲĹ׺ǰתתǰʱգ൱λǸʹ÷ﴺǼŮӢۣһ洳Ĵ㣬ϣֶЯ 
һϯϯǴԲԲͣλﰲ׷ңŵá 
ǾƣƹѲһ֣ȻλһУеһЩŵ׷ȻǸޣȻǰȽԾӣԾ⽥Ụ̃ٲ˵ЩеţԼƽ¡ 
ֱ˾ŷ־⣬ȭŻ⡣ 
ֵ֣ᵽסͷ¡ȭſģλ׷Ծš 
Ŷô׷òϲòϻ⣺ǹٱĹٱԵطΰȻΣӦ֪һЩɣ 
ëүëүӦǧӣԱȥĹ׺ҡͷЦֱ޷졣̴֪ģոǿĺĺڵٸεġȥ֪أ 
̴㼣齭ʶ㡣ʹˮﲨһֱ׷档 
ĵЦʮֶˣ檲֪òʡ 
ʹҪô׷ʣŤͷעλȻ 
֮룬̴ܾ𣿡 
ࡣʹˡ 
˵ʹѿǫνʡˡұȽЩ̴֮ܲԾΪǳ̴֪ʹɿϸʣ 
׷һһ֡ 
ʽ㲻Ρﴺװǻ̴ֲ̬֮룿̴ǿˣ裬֪ԾŵĵϸҲΪԾŵ书úأëүôౣԺҲסԵġپǳ̴ôǾѪԴ»԰ٰԣеˣܹܣ 
׷ӢۣӢѹ˹أӲĳܾòŮҪӢҲܲ˼ΪͷѪЩֵС׷ 
һ˫ůСֱ֣ۣ֣ҲɫüĿٻ˼ǲ˽ģҪҪӦʹҪ 
Ҫһ飬òùܡѱƵܾܾӢܾܾ 
ð!ǾллʹȸԾȻл 
ȫʿ𡣺ڳͽ𡣡ٶѦ۽ӿڣǧӿǰʽۡ 
ɫȫˡ 
׷λӢۣ˹أɫĶǽ 
ֲ顣׷ͷ˵ǵͷϣṩϺϢ 
ǵȻ첲䣬ǲǣȭˬһڴӦе֣ΰţӺۣһֵȲǲѰɣ 
Ǿлл 
Ϊó̴ɱʹ̴ơ 
׷λӢۣʼѲԾš 
겻ɢײڵħҲΪɱԾŹ֡ 
ҵĴլڶŵĶײԶլԺһС壬¥࣬һ԰һȷһŽصĻ԰겻ɢײϣΪҵĹ 
ϣħǨլа٣ħܾˣֺڵӦеĸ߶Ⱦ˹ƣסջֻɣ潭סͰգһ̸һǼҵıڻԺ˴ʶʶõ֡ 
У˫̸ΪǢڻԺҪλ衣൱ű֤ɱܻԾ֮󣬸ëүȡתȸһǧӶ³ٸǧ 
һǧӿãħ൱⣬жļƻħȴͬ⽭ĳٵİ취 
ȻǼһ־ǿٹظ󻧣ǺβݾǱ֮һġɼ꣬һ˭беĿܣ֮͵͵ĳһң͸¶ЩСͻġȻҹ֮⣬Ĵ̽··ҵĲ䴦зݵ֮ܣ¶Ը겻ɢΪǵ˵Լİ취 
취ǲǼһ书ˣûЩʦǣ˭ҲסеɫŪãδȴˣŪ׾²壬ðķ̫ˡ 
ּʹ壬ͬðաײЦ˭֪ǼһһѪ𸮣ʱ䱸ɭϣǲǸ󣿡 
ѽ겻ɢǿ壮ֵȻ𸮸¡ 
Ȼ͵Ĵ׷٣ʵ¡Ǯƣ֣Ȼֲ𸮵ıڣ£ҲҲסԲԣ 
£µӿǣ֪ͨλòãص˵ 
ǧҪɲǼһѿɱ䣬²ϣѺɸ 
Ҳãؿǵġ겻ɢûͿʼ׼ˡ 
뽭תëүײɭɭ˵òҪ߻߶ʧˣȻԵĿµˣֹһԾŶѡ 
ֵϡǣλܲܿƵԾšĻҲô 
Ҳģµģ²ףǸûûˡ겻ɢȻ˵ 
ħڻۻᡣ 
λΪħס𣿡 
λʦ㿴ңҿ㡣ħȽϣǵȷһأ书ʶͷԱǼΪ¡ 
²׶˼ԺͷŽ˵ָܷԸԾأָֻǮɶ²ܣ 
ҵ˼ָΪҪ塣 
׺ݵĹâڱ۲ƣһ˾ҡ£ԾΪ˭λס 



ʮ ѩ; ֵ

       ħȴס ֻҪԾ̸еĻᣬԶס 
ǡ 
ˮ㣬û١˵ħŮ쿪Ҫլ⡣֤һ£ħԾһġҪرĶסǣԾźƽ򽻵 
 
ǷģֻҪǵˣԾŽӴȶ־УиڰнӦòԾƴ 
ˡ 
׾ͺãǸϿǿ׼ 
ǣǸˡ 
λʦһߣһһŮ 
ҵϢΣʡ 
׷Ծѿȷе˵ǣλӢ۱ضϸ 
壬ססϾݼҵ¡ֻҪ˵ҪʶԹ·ǡҪʱ 
޻Ծţ 
ԡ 
СеһЦСǾӣ޶ɷûüֵˣȻá 
Ҫǣδתͷǲ鷳Χ˽УǵҪˣڼϷ¶ݡ 
ֻиϿ󻼡 
յǣû˶ԸԾţδʧܵŮ̿ͼһҲʧˡߣ硣 
ҪҪ̳Эеһߣһʡ 
Ц𣿺ߣҶ¦λѲ죬ֻأ̳ѾܲʤյȭģǸԾţӲԣ߼ˣɶ񣡡 
겻ɢ˵öԣϽ··һĹߵһͷҵõŵĶķһο֪ͣδзŮˡͬأһعߵδ֪ںδҵõͬࡣ 
һֻСҲ֪ܵδͬࡣ 
ħǺڵеĺպˣмемңδ뿪͵֮ǰѾвڸŷ 
λǵĸүͬ࣡ 
˷󲻾ãһǧӵĽ𶧣ֵһֻһʮЯöࡣӽټŸ½·ҪãȻţӳţڼ䣬ʼڼߵЧ» 
ᵽͬϢҲᵽΣϢ 
Űգ˷ͷ¡ 
겻ɢǣͷεһͷèʱ򴬷Ǵɹס޵Ĵֻ̽ûڴϼޡʳ꣬ЩʳﲻڵнʳĿѡ 
ٵˣæææ̽ѯľ顣 
ֱĩѩڹ١ͷҲ壬ˣʵﲻƵѿ徰 
ͷ϶˵һСʳУ̽ôһλСӣÿһѾʳЯߡݵеһλɩ˵λС͸¶̴Щ¡ 
̴ڽԶͷ䣮ƽʱֻһλףϣ³ÿտ֮⣬ٵÿ 
ףǮɹٸ֧Ǯ׶աѩ죬Źصýأ˾ңһССãΧסһ裬Ųʱð̵ĸͷʰƯľ߷һֻˮʱˮá 
ףѻ׿⣬飬ͬ黰࣮޵ԾҲжѾ 
˶ڻԣһϸһֻʳм⡢ʽȣ˴ڡ֮⻹¾ƵĻȵȣСʢšһС̳ƣ˶־⡣ 
͵ˣ飬ٺ־ƣҲ͸࣬ԷǸСӣ 
˵ˡף¾룺ʱܳԾͶһ㣬ܺȾͶһ㣬ŮͶռ 
ǵģүԾ˵ǻֹƤ̴𡣡 
˭̶֪ף뵱ꡭ 
뵱ûãүЦ뵱һͬצȱ׽ֻϺӳ伢Ҳϲ˿ڡү̴ʥˡ 
ѽʥ˲⡣ⲧڵ⣬Ŷ˼ҵθڡ 
ԣүʥˡǣܲýӵ߰㡣 
ʲô˵˼ҽӵ߰㣿ɱ 
ҪҶԡȡռŮˡ 
С׽ιϿţλðʧˡ 
űƿˣҲˡ 
겻ɢţ˺ķ 
죡ķѩô󡣡겻ɢŲԺ󴦣ߣһſյ£𣺡úǣоơ⣬зݡ 
ǵģүзݣⲻϵġ 
ԾŽԼľݳǮڵһͷץһǣү 
лл겻ɢȸ˰ƽݻأѩ;ƣֵǮҳһӡŶСӣѽ 
ԣүԾŽӻؾ롣 
ԣޣټϵһաλǮԱдټʱԼΪһգдȨιأ 
Сš 
оţ㲻Сӡ 
о񲻸СҪү 
Ҳɢ׹һˡ˵طһͷӵǡ 
ΪоšǾš겻ɢЦˡϡ 
δֱ꣬ץָ繳Ĭ񹦾ָ⣬һץֺֿݣץԾŵͻ¶֡ 



ʮһ 겻ɢ

       žк䣬ԭץסԾų䲻ͳĿվ롣 ԭƾү㡣ԾŴףĶϿշԽ 
ȥƴ˵ 
ճС쾮ŷ˴һѷɵƿռ䡣 
ͬһ˲䣬󺺴ǰÿˣ߳ 
Ծųű䲻ݷرܹѷɵ͵Ϯ 
Ļ˵겻ɢ֮յŵķɵһ˵÷ɵҡߵˣ 
ԾԾ棬Цߡ 
棬÷ɵ͵Ϯ 
ûסԾţȴ겻ɢײˡ 
Ķ겻ɢʧȥ׷ԾŵĻᣬسʻӳ 
һԱϣλֿ𵹳⡣ 
겻ɢ˵Ծݶ׷ԾȥˣգۼʧããѩС 
ˣ׷̸ף 
ʱλߡλѾˣǷɵˣʬȻڡ 
Щʲôˣ겻ɢס˹ɵˣ׺ݣ˭÷ɵϮµģ˵ 
һбʱˣٱˤˤȫͷɢˣ겻ɢסֵĳ̶ȿ֪ 
ɵˣȡѱԾɱɱˣǡǱġǡһλһشһ淢ۡǡëëү롭׵ˡ 
µĴ¡겻ɢҧ˵ҪǴһԱСӣǹ⵷ңߣ·ǲɡ 
ԩ 
ߣ㻹ҽԩ겻ɢγˣɫΪˡ 
Ķ겻ɢϡ 
ס1߳סͬʱǵУԾӰ 
겻ɢһ٣һѾڵؿо 
Ӱˣ 
ȥģ겻ɢҰһ̵ 
է֣һ죬Ƿɽһ浶̽ӴͬƮȥԶ 
겻ɢ˰˳ߣֹסһ 
üһϾˡ겻ɢ۽ƴһУ 
һӰ˲෽γ𱳵 
ģ䰸𣿡ӰﵶŻղֹɱ˵ĳȭ֣ǱǵʦõĲУӵܵҪҳ̹ˡ 
Ŷԭ׷ճ̵ġ겻ɢЦҲһµĵܲ׷µĻ꣬µ 
ȭǰ֪겻ɢڶ˫Ӵ̫죬һб⣬ȷȫ֪ԷȻ˵á 
ûƴɡȭȴ˵ֲܽү֮УɱԾŵҲܱ֮У׷Ծŵģ˫Ŀͬανƴϸ磬ﵽ׷ʲôϸ󶯸λɱˣ 
˵е൱پһ겻ɢٿҲòʱҪ˰ϾǺ¡ 
ʶļһɵڻԾ겻ɢ޺޵˵ûµǧͽ㿴죿 
үһһڵϽкţҲǴԾǰɱûϵλүסԾţǨŭǣ 
ϸ磬ǡȭҪһｲ顣 
壬ˣС겻ɢ˵ЩʶһˡҾ㣬뿪Զһ㣬Աƽ´Σߣ 
´û˵˽̤ˡ 
һڣݼլæµˣ󲻾ãȫլֳ˺ڳĹ 
Σڵİĸı䣬ʾɱȡ˻ķֶΣլԺأѾھӵΧ緢ֵˣڲоΧ˿ޣ˷Χ¡ 
ڣһķ϶ˣһǽӰСݼҴլаٲһסլãھʵԶһҴլûʮධĽ 
ѩ󣬶ֵط䣬治˸ɵĺûΪضֱܼҪضΣƶⱻ˷֣뿴Ƕ㣿Ҫ˰ʱֽŶᶳ 
⴫ϢЩڴſģΪ겻ɢħȷԾŵĲ䴦׷УԾйǰð֣ʹҲԺˣĿǰûôµġˣǲϣֽţٲ˾ֽŻѪů 
ڷϵ˱ѩʵܲܲ˾ͦϵѩ˫ֲס 
ǽûзѩմ壬ͷϿմѩ׹䣬̲ס̧ͷͽУڸʲô𣿡 
˵ôʣѩк־䡣 
㲻Ҫƶ𣿡һȷ塣 
̫䣬ֽſ콩ˣ 
δ꣬ʯͷµ 
ֻͬģӰ¶飬Ūԭ򣬸лͻѹ䳺ǵķпڡ 
ŹЩҪСڶ˵ 
ξڵ˼ȲԷ·ñڶҲסӣףԷĵֱʺļֺζ˻ŹЩܲϲǹ¡ 
λ־Ȼûû⣬ԹɶԷ 
㡭ǡڳŵطʡ 
Ծš 
֣㻹𣿡ͷûүеˣǮǮʹĥһ˼ʹͷۣҲɲ£βү 
²κֻҪʮ˻سǰ 
֣ǲܵġ 
ܸ𣿡 
ǰŵ˲Ҫ¡ 
ú⣬𣿡 
⡭ 
Ҫ𣿡 
⡭ 
լЩôˣ 
ҡҲ֪ 
ôѾʧȥҪˣҿˡ 
֣ 
˵ȥˣѱϡ 
ãһĶǵĲҺ 
Χ龯ʮˣȫ֮󣬲κϢֵҲû룬һҹУе˽ľˡ 
ֻǧǧշһҹɼȺ˳ʮ˾ʬһĵ㺮ĿֲǱƷˣһڣֱΣǷ䵽Χˣ޲ľϷ 



ʮ ѩֹ 溮

       Ҳǿˣ̾ѣȫУǲ鲻ԾŵĲ䴦 ѾǵҹˣɼҵľսΧɵΧˡ 
ѩֹ溮ǣֵˮɱ򣬰ÿ˶ڼůĴ˯ͷҹӦòݶϻѩ࣬ṦʩչҰصݴռʱƣԾŲˣôָƣ͡ 
죬Ӱڳ⽭ҵı 
ӰȫϤҵͥ԰֣ȻԺĺŮֵĵط¥ 
Ӱ˰ͷ֣ѥҲǰ׵ģֱϥ£һ˫۾Ǻڵ֮⣬ѩиͲױ֣ѩϼۼ 
ҹ䣬¥Ӧû˶ŴգڳϢޣµҲΪ޷ûѾ죬ԺУżеƹ͸¥û˾ס 
Ӱ¥࣬ϢԽȵķ 
һײ˾µŴҲʧڣ֮Ϣȫޡ 
ûײŴ޴עɡ 
þãȫլƺ޶ٴľ죬ûоլеѲע⡣ 
һжĪ 
þãһľ 
ãһӵԺԺŮǵľ续¥Ȼȫ԰Ӱ䣬 
Ƿڵźţʾ޷֡ 
ĸ죬¥˶Ʋƣ꼱˵ܵģܲˣͱơ 
Ծ𣿡ڳĽУɭɭйɤ£֪ڴ˵ء 
þãûκϢȻҲûл 
⼸죬вʧ١ǰǹɤ˵ˣɼҵľҲʮˡ 
룬ѾõٿڹϢҵˣǰɣ 
þãȻûлش 
ҵ˵أʾȷѶԸɤ˵ǣ֪Ѿ𣿡 
֪Ҳ֪ⴳ޶ġڰڴԾųŵڵħʹצڲհ׵Ըҡ޵ǽħĽµġǣ㲢ûϵħǮϢˣ 
ҧŭߵƺһֹˡ 
Ծţ֪ԵˣǺ𣿡ɤ˵ 
ս̳̾½̳Ľ̷ˣûɣԾֱӽƶԷĵϸҪΪĿǰǵƣ޳ܵĹٸవбӻǡҪֻ֪һʱ󣬱ϾоְصĴСϼֻҪץסȷ֤ǻϷġ 
Ȼ̵֪ĵϸȻ뱾ԣδ̫֪ˡ£˲żüãû˸ҡ 
û˸ҷǣҸҡ 
㵽˭ 
Ծš 
㲻Ծţš 
պأػԶ㲻˰ɣ 
˵ıֶ 
ԡҵȷԡ죬ĸ׷ɱػԶʮͤҡʱڳģ𽭺 
˭? 
׵˴֮һŷ꣬Ĵڵ֮һİپ硣 
ɶǵҹ̵ܱ¡ 
ǲҹܣǵżһţͷβЮβ͹Ȼ׵ֺͺڵҹܣҸңĸڣ׵ͺڵĸ֣ǣֵӣ 
Եģֵ䱦·֣̲׷Σ 
ǸҪô䱦ʲôأԾһһֻƣһƯŮ˹ҹʮ㹻ˡҪǣѾ˾Ҳơ 
㡭 
Ҫ̳ͷҪëүɱ㽭Ǽ㲻սֻðǰҵֶı˽һռȸУһҲҲȷ֤Ҳܡ̳ɱүһʮڣֻ׷¡ 
֣ƽľ̸̸ 
ԾŴЦҵһ£ѾѼ֤ȷ鶯ƽľôҿԸ㣬˱޳侲Ӧκξ䡣 
ҽ޵ʲôʱƽľˣڣˣǲҪȷ 
һըҫĿֲǷɽܡ 
ʮ֣ͬʱǰԾŷǷ䰵£ǽµȷһˡ 
氵ϣ뷢 
Ҫģú˾װĽ𣬺Ƴס 
ʮְۣôҪģ 
ֵס˸İˣֽˡ 
ǰԺıֵ˻Ȼ֡ 
⡭ôܣɫУô 
ƻһȼ𵯵һϨ 
Ѿ˺ܾˣǱеġһλǰʬ壺ʬѽ춳ɱˡ 
续¥ħҧгݣǵǮ 
侲Щһλ˵ħΨһвԾŵˣǺħͻԾŻЦˣϣħǷĿ 
е侲ˣʶ÷ơ֣Ķ֪¥Ӧõ续¥ġߣ̳˳ļϸ 
Ȳţϸ顣˵ͷͬмϸļ裺ˣɣӽУ뼰Ѽϸ 
һȥɣǹˡǲɢʮ֡ 
Сġ˿С 
ײƵľ޴£Ӱ𣬼ƴһӰȺ 
˭Ҳûϵƴˡƴ¥࣬ǰ跢ķλ˺ƴ֡ 
ȻŷĶǣĵ֮䣬˵һ˴Уѡ 
ǹߵˣҲǷӦˣҲӦ䣬˹ûаνĻᣬæŤضܡ 
һɲǣ䳺ǵķеӶұϣһҲһ죬߹ǿܶ 
Ӱ磬񱼵磬롢Ȼ񳤺羭죬ȱߣͻȻʧˡ 
߲߲ʱŴ 
δ˷ҽ 
ܵʹϮ˿š 
մѪĸֵڶ£ɱʮֵĵڽҵģĩɱ˵ߡ 



ʮ ׺

       ȫ԰ңѸÿһ䡣ԾˣߵģȻû֪ 㱻дӹŹȻϽаֱۣ߹Ƕ룬ڸȻȻˣԺ󡭡 
ʮֻ֣Ȼ 
ڶ죬ŵͻȻʧˡ 
Ѳ׷ԾŵѲѲǣͻȻ伣ڲᡣ̾ǣҲƺ¡ 
ҪԸˣүıףһµĽظ֣ѲعôͬʱϣҲֹλɲظ֣粻ɴ㵽ױ˷ֵڷȫһЩһˣڱǶá 
ҪˣС£ĵʱʱ̿׼ֻ١ 
ӳǳȭȵļң⼸šǱصĵͷеλòŶͬʱһλ׷̹ǰ׵еķ˭ҵҰ 
Ȼû֤Ҳս̵ˡ 
Ƶƺ󲻾ãǰԺڷʳСŮѦۡ׺÷贺 
֣Ϊβ׷ˣ׷ʤʣ׳ʲôʣ 
׺ĲĹ٣ϵУڹٷϢȻͨ 
ҹ븮ãս̷˵ƣЭ֪˲ս̵¡׺Ц˵֪˲вȣһŭ֮£׷Ծŵİӣȫս̵ĻΡ̴޻ 
˵ 
һԾš׺һͣðս̵ˣתƹٸעﵽ׳нĿˡս̵ٱҲ᱿ٸвȣý̱ϾѹµĽ̷ˡ 
µͶ̴۶׵Ⱥǰּˡ÷˵ϣ⽭ʮˣүҲһֱۡȥǵ˵̴¡ 
ʳ汾ʹʱȴʧ١ſ룬̿ů紺ʳ¶ 
ҹܡԾһ˵һţϹ˶ɫԻͷߣȷ֪ԼЩʲô¡ 
˴һζ 
˵Щʲô׷ʡ 
Ծбһֻ󲼾ƹ£һ˫Ŀ䡣 
֪˵ʲôԾɭɭ˵ 
Ծš 
˭֪Ծţλȭȸ֪ԾšԾȡǿƣžһʳϣҪܣǾ͹ܺˡһǰ龭˵أĿɱװ˷ƣԹԵطּвµͷܵλ˵һء书ҵͲܱȡ˵ɣҲҹܣ 
㡭ս̵ˣ׷ɫ䡣 
а׵˴֣׷Կµգų 
ֻҲҹܡԾ׷ʡ 
鵱ʱͷβߣֳֻˣһڵҲ⣬ϲ̫ѿ׷Եˣ츴ӵö࣬仹λÿŮˣǶţ 
ƺֻһ·ߣ档һԵĵͺ𣬷ŭƤۡ 
㱸бУĽ𱳵ûյ㷿ãֻŮƲԾŲƣ⿪󲼰ǰһѡˡ 
а˰ѵԾŰоڵıжˡ 
Ծŵϣһѵͨ浥 
׷ץһѺ񱳵֣ɫƽˡǸǾǧĳɾֵͣıпԼ侲ٵɱ˼֪ƥ 
ǡԾȭжŮ˵ϿҳֵıУǲǿ˵ġ 
˵ĵϸĳǰˡѽӵָʾ벻ֶĳµ󻼣ǻᣬϴǻʲô 
׺һǰȡһѵѦýĽ֡?br&gt;һ贺ʰ˵˲䣬׷ͻȻǰҵĹ絶Ʊ磬˶УƷХ˾Ķǣ֮зۣ֮棬ίʵˣ׷Ĵº鴫 
Ծŵĵˣ侲û֪ˣ˫ӳŵƹĹۣƺڸĵ״ûеƺҲûעھӭŷٵڵɽûƶ󼣣侲üΪ 
籩𴫳ֱðƷХʮ 
׷걼ʽ̫̫Թ۵޷ʽֻɲĵ˸Ӱٵλһ𴫳ӰѳٿȻ֡ 
׷⣬ɫͻȻò԰ʧѪ 
Թ۵ŮҲ书ĸ֣Ȼ׷»۵ȴԾŵӰ˫˿Ʋеҵػӷѹĵһһ⣬δؾ 
ʵӲĳԾŵĻɭ˶ѡãҲһ 
׷ٴҲ֪ԼԽӲ¶ԷһղԼľڶԷֻӷ߽⣬ٳԷ϶ֻҪһӾͿҪ 
Ҫغˣɤ 
Ծŵ࣬һٲӽƺܻŮȫ޽䱸ر¶ڵ¡ 
ڴȭһ߳Ůͬʱƺûɽէϣھġ 
ԾŵӰһáٻãһ󵫼⼱ؽ˸Ʒ֮ĵ㺮 
Ůڿɲĵήкšˤ 
ÿ죬Ҳ졣 
찡׷øɺɤ˵еĴ꣬󡭡 
졭ꡭ 
ڿУսŤͷ񱼡 
ŮɢܣԼѪ 
Եضת̤ȥ 
׷ڷзʰңſվųȭȵһͽܡ 
̴ôͽʡ 
ҡҪءؼҡﲻ 
δˣΪı𣿡 
ҡҲҹܡ 
ų򣡡 
ҡǵġ㡭 
ҵĵλʦȣʦһһ 
棿ʲô棿ʼժ¹ڴͷĵ 
֪̫࣬㲻ߡ 
ҪߡһͣԴˡ 
ȭŮûÿظ԰˵˼Ƕδڸ֪Ծд顣 
ұǰԺĽ֣ͨ˼ҵʽͬС졣 
ǰϵĴԺſڶλСԺձڣ۱ͨǰԺһţűǿͣǰԺԺףǺĴţףӡۡ 
˵ľӴ 
˵ҪңϺð죬еһ纣ζǮ˼ҾϲͷСˣǿɲ׵£֪ҪţԺӡ 
Żߵù죬þãصԺһ졣 
˭ѽǡĿת 
ҡͽ⿪ñڶϷ¶Ŀ 
㣿˭˭أ 
ҽû 
ʲô㵽˭ջˣλ˼ûгҲûнΣҺ˵֣ 
Ծš 
찡Ǽ˹˹أŤͷ񱼡ԾˣԾˡ 
ԾŵһЦŲţ̩Ȼ˲롣 
լҵ龰ǿ֪ġĴǰϽԺ棬ӿˣû˸ҳ赲Щǣжûеǹ 
űյýأվ嵶󺺡 
ֹҡٲǽףѳֵĴ˵ҲɱǣֻһֱۣԾ˵ 
İѵ˹׼˫оֵ飬ֵ΢̫䣬÷ 
Ҫҽ𡣡һϽףг̳˭ߣ죬Ӳġ 
ת̶ĳ 
ڵʯֹת£겻ɢ̣ײϵǹڵȺܣЩӷ׵˳ǣ˫ͲԹۣ١ 
㲻ð겻ɢɭɭ˵ 
Ժ²ۺʱ磬ְǰѺ۵İ߰۽ϣ 
ӵÿ죬ֻҪһڣй 
µͨµһء 
д⡭˵½ף 
꣬ɢ 
Ӳвûбסˣ˫ѹƫԷıУԱȡйֱ뵫ƺ൱ƾС 
ײϽͳǹ죬Ӳ෽ƽ 
ԵģݹײϣɣǵĲүײϹֽУǹ³ͳӶñֱ͸ǹ⣬ԳӲǹ³ٶ 
һ߳ԾƽͻȻƮˣǵХ 
׼ػǹأǹбϷ 
ӰҰˣԾһйͻ룬ѹײϵؿڡ 
âһ·ˣײϣĹٶȣĿѣ 
һдײˤذһΣռʹһɲǣʿ֪ 
ҲԾŵڴƤԱƣҲˡƴѣС 
סĵڶ̡ 
Ӱ֣Բ෽⡣ 
˴ˣһһͻȻ򼱾׷ԾűӰϣâȴӰĵڷɳӷ׵ް£ͬʱذ׵Ĺâ 
ɱԾĩֹͻȻñ˵ĳƣһ 
âһɲû 
ĵûϵͻȻæذмܣذӦѶɣذʺ 
â˳䣬˰ĵˡ 
֡겻ɢСϡ 
Сĵĵ㺮Ťб͵䲻ݷرܿ˽ķһ 
Щ仯˵ʵͬһ˲䷢ 
ԾһԾɣ˫ͻȻһˤǰ壬ʧͨձڵĹ⡣ 
Ҫ㡣겻ɢָδվİУôĹ 
ſ˺һλˡ 
֣Ҫõվڽ˵ḁ̊́ˣ˶ӵİٶ롣ǽϴĶӣֲʶ 
ʶߣʲô겻ɢŭδСǷˣµġǡ 
¦¦ţϵܵѡ΢Ц˵£½֡ģ֮ڣǸǻһոλˣЪϢӣϿǰ 
֣СӼȻ˰ٶ룬ʲôֺýӵģ겻ɢ̣תǱײʣ֣ˣ 
ã˱ײϿЦҵùˣ£СӺ 
λ¦ȳϵ˵СȻ˶ӵİٶ룬ܷӶߵο˵òأϣʬ黹ûء 



ʮ ԾŴս˫ħ

       Ծħļй£ȻҲȡЩϷ磬Ҳ˴ۣ̻ıľװƤġħҪû뵽ֲ۴Уץס͵Ϯ ٶȷߵĲ˵˰㡣 
ٵǣϲһС첽 
ԶԶأӴˣṦϡ߹Ȼ㼣ڽ׷ 
Сǵ֣ͻѩҰԽһ֣·½ŵĵǰһһµСڲԶһ۵Сũᡣ 
ǰһˤѩС 
ʮСũź̽ͷ鿴ǰ˵£˷ɱȻˣµ˲ҹ£׷˴˵µҲнܲá 
ȷɱԶԶرȻУˣˣһίʵ˵ãȻӳŵһԷ⾭Ѩľѧ 
һ˯ðˡ⹷ɰǿӲˣҰԴҹ 
˺˵ 
УҪġӶȻܾҪ꾡Ŀڹֲ㿳Դ 
ˣͻȻУѽСģðʧȥ 
ףǰҪԾԴҹˣҲԾؼС 
˶վסˣСʮҡ 
ųİʮǰǧʬĵطǴκɨĸʮصĴߣھһǧˣʬ޵ᣬҲû˰ѧΪЩ˼ȫҶˡ 
̨ϣǶϸᣬ˾˶ʮӼ 
ʮҲߣڸֱˣ˵ǹġ 
ʵһСѣθӣͳӲݾûд䣬ܲǱϢ䣬£һͽڴ˵ǱأֱֹȻˡ 
֣Ѷסˡ 
ѹһסӣΪû˸׷૵˵Сţǰ 
ûСŴһսȥĻѲ죬ǰ鿪̳Σ뱾ؼ쵽 
 
һͷŵðһһʧ٣ºһҵʬ壬Ѫģòҡ 
⡭йۻ 
ǧȷۻһۻ˵ùȥ߸˶ۻͲۻˣδ֮ǰۻ֪ұǲŹġСһ˵һսһ˫ӥĿסǿҵĿ־飬֪顣 
ҲŴйÿӿתӲյĺëֱëγɼƤ񣺡Ƕ¹ˣүᱣǡߣȥŪȥ 
˽䱸ȻԾȥǽ䱸ΪԾţΪ˿ֵܳĹ֣˫۲ΣϣҪôֳ֡ 
ڣǵСǰԾԡ 
ѽСͻȻС 
˼ŵ 
ʲôӲõʣţˣʲô˼ 
ǡǸᡭᶯСžֵһָ 
ûţСԶ⣬ªһľֵȻһ븣࣬һ󣬰׺ϾȻһ 
ᶯۻˣ˵ 
ҷģۻСЦӳ鶯˼¡죡Ҳڶ 
󲻵۾ڶЦͻȻһȣգۼ¡ 
˵ѻɣŤͷܡ 
ӰһǰڵصԾţ˼סȥ·ӣ棬жˣ 
ǰ¾֪Ǵ˼ˡŽЦص̳ڳʧܣò˽֣°˵أҪǿ˽̵Ķ򡣡 
ʲʲô縣ԽӿڣֻСѡ 
㡭˱Ķ롭Ӵ󺧣ٲ롭 
ö𣿡Ծһ죬һö糤ɫ˫룺ƾ㶾ֹ˯Ҳ㲻ңο֪˸֡Ծأһ֮ŷ֪Ƶİš 
λλͬ飬ǿĸĴºžͽ˷ء 
ǱӦ񡣡˷֧ȹЦйй֡ڽʮ׬˲٣ⱾʱҲࡣھһⱾ֣ڸ׬ˡ 
ңأȻСֱΪǺܹġڣоǸܵӦǰλǹ׺ĹĹĹ 
һ߳˫âҷɡ 
ԾеĹŽһӣöѶɢ϶³پס 
˷һЦƵĳ˵࣬öٶ⣬Ȼһˡ 
ܽγذףӦΪѸλϳˡǣȻûô죬߲һűУһˤڵأʡ 
෽˷ѻˣϵļߣ 
Ծ˽ȥץʵĶӣָб⣬Ѳ˼سʣ˹׼ 
ǰңվһλ磬ɫ԰ŮˣƵأ˫ֳִҪǴ죬ᱻŮ׻ĻΡ 
µķӦÿ죡Ůô̶ɤ˵ 
סСݵˡ־䣺ѹݣ֪סѵλװˣǳİɣ 
ǳġŮ˵ǰ̽Ϊ췸ֳ 
Թڴ˵صȺ򣬵ȵˡһЦѵҲĹ𣿡 
أƺλһŮƳػֳİ˷һۣ˵һΪݵĶ̣ͬλ𣿡 
ԾſЦʲôҿԸ㣬κ̵ΪֱˣǼ֮ΪƭĸˣԳƹ֣ǲعɵΪðշѵӢҵʮǽŹأǵᣬ쳤Ц䷸ǵ£òã 
Ϊ𣿡 
Ŷ˵ÿ˶µĿе㲻һԣǰ濴ѽǱһߣڲⷽǴһƬλӣ͵͵ö밵㣬ذˡ˵ҪҵȨɱڹٸ˵ҾԲɱֻùƲĿΣ 
 
ͺᡣ 
㡭˵ 
˵ʵΪ㲻ǿǶҡҪʿڹɷıܣ 
Ů˶ȻܾȨɱɱ˱Ͼ£֮䣬һɱɡ 
֮ 
͹پΡ 
ôûʲô̸ˡߡ 
㡭 
ǵġ 
Ҳ˽̡Ů˼˵ҪڳĿҪ 
ʲôҪԾ˽ߣ 
һưƺþԸһṦξľ֣þ 
Ůһ˫峺Ĵһ䣬͵һ 
˫ɣܷκ󣬵˼ˣէ嶯羢ٶȿʮХĻѩͻȻֻѵ 
Ů˳Ʈ䱧𶶶ԾţҲƮ裬Ҫ߷ɡ 
ô˷ȻУСġ 
ԾһһˣƼ¡ 
ž߲߲Ƶļ졣 
һ˫һ˫䡣ĿѣƵٶƴѩ类ΣգۼʮηλƴʮС 
ԾͻȻб⣬ɫׯϵִ˽С 



ʮ 겻ɢ

       Ҫ˵ھУ±뼰ΪıԲò´ʮУµľУ˴˵ħ־磬ƴҹҲѷֳʤУΨһ˶ϵİ취򵥵һˡ ŽʣǰһָأһǴͨƽͻȻһԽĽȻǲķ⣬һ޵ĵâԼһңӳѩʱʱ֡ 
Ůһ䣬Ȼס֣£־ˣֻƶ⹫ƽ𣿸£ֵһ𣿡 
ֵֵõ⣬Ľ³ֲλסĽڣ㲻ý𣿿Ʒ䣬ӦһµĽˡ 
ŮһΣλ 
ԾŵӰҲէէ֣ȻڰŮ˵ǰ֧ǣ˫뿪ԭˡ 
ÿĻԾԵ˵ԶԶ߿¸м 
ƫ뿪ջˣҲҿ죬ҡ 
벻Ҫ׽Բأҵ¡֣ص񣺡ڣҪˣǵģνòã 
˷ؿΣλŮҪƴ֪¹˭أ൱ʤĻһһ룬˫ûƴıҪ 
ôƤһòã˷ظ߽Уǰ˴ߣ뿪λľȫصĵطúأ 
ΣԾò벻Ҫ 
ߣǰľâʧˡ 
ιǵסŮ˸ʡ 
ѷֱץһŮϼ磬Ծ˫һһŮ⣬ĻҰɶȥ˫ˣס˫ŮڽЩʲô 
ͻȻһλŮˣ죬Ȼ˼нͬʳȹӴһϮ硣 
Ѿͷ׷ȥԿġŮ˴ЦЦ֪ӲǺˣαرһ糾ǼΪµġ 
ûǹŮ˶СѥߣƫҪҡ 
ʲôأ˰ɣѾͷȥɣǵæأЩħһԸۻᣬɲҪ²ģĶ׼ˣ 
׼ˡŮһ˵һ˫ĨϹİ׷ۣǰǵźȤġߣǸԳƹˣһᡭһᡭ 
겻ɢײϣסڿջǰǨҵĶԺҰ٣ѰԾŵټ䱣˵Ľն㶨ԾŲݣԽڼеȺչ٣ȻȵԾŰǰ˷ˡ 
ͥԺڣеЩʲôסڶԺĿ֪¦լħе⣬Ƕ¦Լֵ£ее㾪ȶѡ 
ħ뵽˰˸Ůǹͷûн̵Ľ󺺣Ĵ߷ɮۡλǽҵĻԺԣħֻʶˡ 
¦ΪħûеλˣҲЩţܶǼٵġɮ׵ˣ̬൱ħǲмǡ 
˵Ⱥӷ֮ǰֵλӢ̸̸ƺˡ¦ЦڳףֵǽһԶ׳صشظƺġ 
²ǽүʲôס겻ɢ̬൱ưӣЩʲô޸ɡҪ֪ǧͽ뼰ëүȡתµ£Ƿ˸ı䡣 
֣Ծŵ󻹲֪ءλļٺ˵ 
ǵˣһٵ²ɱǸӵ£һ޶˲֣Ҫͷӡˡ겻ɢİŭɫһʲôıڽУвµİȫãǲ̸ˣȥеЭͳŵʹȡ 
ڣּȻٹ£Ʒһгŵǿ½ģºֲǣǸɸĻǡ 
ôĻĪҲðˡ 
겻ɢĿ⣬Ȼһѣص¦ϡ¦Цݲ䣬̬ƽ 
̬ȵǾŵı 
֡겻ɢײ˵˼ˣء 
һ㲻ײһЦ˼ǽڵ뢷£ʹı£Ҳֻֻȡ 
ԣ˶ǿҧǡ겻ɢЦøɭһһϷڣϻ˿ɲèģ֣ 
ʯףžһ겻ɢһưԳؽʵĲ輸ĵķѣٷһţصĽɢ 
ײҲͬʱ֣˫һţֱ۷ǽϣŵĽβɢɿשǽڵ̮һ߿Ĵ󶴡 
δʣľצѹ겻ɢؿڣָƴԼȷצԭһֻ֣Ƶ֡ 
ֿͣκθҲ޷ܡǣ겻ɢһ뢣ѿסֵСƳƫţ޴Сϡ 
겻ɢŭ𣬽Ť 
飡ˤڵء 
ʣХ̶ 
ס֣¦źȻ 
ײϵǹסĵĲϵһ̤סǻ 
˵죬գۼ䣬ٺݾ 
Ƕ硣겻ɢ̼ʺϣүҺбʡ»ɽ죬Ȼ԰սɱ˺Ļ쵰 
ǰġĽкţĳʹƺҲˡ 
֣롭һ⡣¦ȻǰӺЦʧˣҲԣսְ£λ书ɣԡ 
ҪµĽѾԸԳ겻ɢ˵ĳ˵˫ȭֵ½ߵĵطҰߡ 
ųһ⾼ˣһһ˵겻ɢòҪҰùˡ 
ħһ겻ɢŲţ 
ԭϹֱˣԸǵģ겻ɢָϹ֣ 
ϹӲ룬Ĳ㡣ŴֻԵʶ˫йۣľǻơǲϹֵ֣¼¡ټ;ȻĳܹµĻꡣɣ档 
ǲؼɱɱϹЦЦ¦óλϷ֪˵áһסĶίʵ˹Ŀ࿴Ǻú̸̸ 
ô̸ģԾСۿˣȴֲͽ𡭡 
ԵˡϹֽضĻλ赲֮⣬˭ҲԸ 
˶ӵġ 
ӵİٶ룬Ҳưٲϻ롣Ϲ˵ضԱվѨľٲڲ֤бٶľѧһȥ׶༪١ 
ôϹ֣㾡Ȼ֪׶༪٣Ȼȥ 
ȥͿڹԾҪĿڹϹ־һֱŽ𣺡ϷڶʩСԾҪ֪Ϣһ档ϵܣκ¶Ҫ۵ģһӣܳȥĸ󻼣ֵõġ 
ýλĶɱԵһ˰ˡ¦ϵм˸ǷڸϵûȷʵѶϢ 
˵ԾŻӶӵļٿڹУ޵ﴳ 
޵û 
ںδ 
λ֪ʡʱԻλһͬǰڣ¦ϵ׼ʳһȾһϸڡ 



ʮ 

       ڼСɽУԾ˷˶Ӻ˵ʬ壬ڹѾȡã֪ս̳̾½̳ڵأ֪̳ճģǲӲ֪ Ѿǻƻʱ⣬ɫˡ 
İҲ൱ƫƧõ漪µĻԲڹӰޡ 
ʼԸ׼ҹж 
ôӵĿڹ˷һʳһ˵Σ֤ȷʵչжȻҾȥϢϣ˳ 
磬Ϣ޷ǵĽ䱸ضǿ 
Ծ˵Ҳز֮̽Ϳ֤ʵˣϣһǣ磬׼չжʱ磬뵽ߡ 
ô㵽ʲô 
ȥλǿľУλװĹô֣ܾò죬λ黯Ĺסڹݵкͼı 
Ҫ֦˺òã˷ýĿ˵̫࣬صˣᵹùģ֪𣿡 
Ҳţǲǡ 
ϳݴеİţѿɵŪ壬ǲģ磬ǱߵҪúÿƣ֤žжֶΣҪݾߡ 
ˣ 
࣬СӵĵǰԵũᡣǻҰıԵǳǸؿʮɣѷɶɡ֮ǳĻĽ 
аϯδյ͵ƣ֧ȫŹ˸˷ԵĳϣһȺˣһƷ̸ 
һŮһλۡ촽ɭ̫šףӢĳ̳ĸ߰Ѿʧ٣֮Ƿ߷߲ƽί 
Ŵգûоڣټ죬شԵʹǴ죬ҲǰѰ̽ò˾䡣 
Ծũӽ 
㹫ƽ𣿡̳Եü߿¾͹ңֻߣҲɱǮ˭ϹԹʹΪͻסƥţпɹµһҪǮҷѾ˼˰ʮӣЩĲɣҡݼңһʮӣɱǣǿϸҪ¹֮ʳɵʲ¡ȵ֮գͬǧǧˡڶ崨Уɱĸһǧ˰ټңнб鸽ʮ磬ʮЩС˼ңܷ׶ǣЩƶÿоأҲ̳Ĭġ 
̳ͱ෢ɧˡ 
̫˵̳Ĺ㣬ͲпõѣĿǰʱǲûнְ̳񣬵̳֮ʲôίߺòãֻǸ̳Ļһ̳ҷɧô 
űǹرյýģʱȴ洫ĹХ 
ݵ̫𣺡˰ʱ 
˷׷Ⱥ 
ҰڳƬ̣ԶɫĹ 
ӹӭݣͬ˵ 
һ֮ĺУа˸ˣǰͷɢڴߴиһɷâĳ߰ͭܣм˴Ͳ¶˫Ŀĺڹñĺڴۣ˴뿪·ͬҪ˵ڻҰʹڽϣҲѿһ 
λõˡһͲñ˫˵ɤ 
˰ʱ·顣̫˵ʥʹûл 
Ѿˡˡ 
½㷨̳ģҳμ̳̳еǹİݡ 
𡣡 
лȱٰ̳ݶ𣺡ڡ 
ءһھָܾ̳⴦Ŵй¶µ֪ 
Ӵδκй¶̳Ҳ֪ 
ﻹЩʲôˣ 
ָ̳֮⣬ˡ 
̫Ÿɿһӿ˵ĵڶǲԱȫڴ˵أ˵ص̳ӣһճ룬һǲԱҲ֪˵дվ 
ߣ󵨣Ŀʮ־ˡ 
е˽ԳһȻɫ 
̳Ͱ;Ȼ˵ 
˵ǡ˵ٲߡ 
˾̫ŷԸµϾƲˣժ¸Ͳñ¶ͺͺԴǴüۣıĿ 
һмϸй¶˱١Ŀ¶׹⣬סİ˸ˣǰ;㷢˸١ 
ѽ̫Ȼǣ 
ʥʹ߼Уѵ⸽ǱȻ֡ 
ˣ̫Ʋš 
ȻкζС֣ڣҪǼʶʶ 
ִԱ˰·˽ȥˣһֻλλҲȡ˸Ͳñ彣ŲһԼ׵ˣһʮӺݻ绪İ 
뻤һдʣ˫һ֣յ͵һţ֦һϰҲͬʱϨ 
кڵֲָ溮ֻ뻤ĳڶϷ졣 
֨¸¡ſĹʮ̶ִ 
룬Ź 
ձأйƮûʸã޴ӷĴü첻ܿյǰ͵澰 
ڣƮ⣬һȺөɣһǴָͷө϶ө 
̱ǵĹζȫңһʼתţ߶ȶΪһɸߵĺˡ 
Х룬Դ 
⣬ɿӳѩ⣬ǳЩ΢ѣںڵֲָ⿴ԼʵĺӰͷ 
֪ʱϡѱĺӰ 
ɸߵľǺγɵģƣӰΪģƮȥУ߰ȣСͬʵӰڿռû֡ߡݡ 
ӰҲڶƷХӶ 
ХƿմԸڡ 
̳ѱͻҶԸӹһϣ 
еëȻĵ· 
ⲻǷ˷䰵ð˵ģְƷΪУ跨Ա֮ܵ֡ 
ڸоУ֪λѾԭأֻԭɵѧʶð֮ѧʶ 
һ߳ȻǷ뼰â˸Ʒ֮ĵ㺮 
Ƭ̣쪷ڡ 
Ƶƣ뻤߳ 
ţÿ¡ 
þãƶϢ 
˲ߡΣһֱ޷ȼúλں£ڷڣúһ֮£ 
Ƶ̫ţɪڱڽǣɫ̳򶨣ֻеȻ䡣 
λң࣬еĽȱ˿ڡ 
ͨ䣬û˳Ӧ߸ˣ̫ڵˣԼ滤ͬЯҵӡ 
м䣬վͷɢ˻ŮеĽֲ࣬۷ֱʬӿкƣǻˣѾƣϢٵĻˡ 
ſڣװǽĿˣסţһ߹Ĵҡ 
̫һܵŮȥ 
ʹϢ˵ٵŮˡ̫˵һǣǾװŪ 
ҪǣλҶпëĵװ˽УǵĶҡзҩĿǰȻܵʹߵĽԪס֪״̬ӦǼΪҵģԵƬ̣Ǿͻ׸ˣʹǵ 
̫ˣȡһɫ 
ʲ˭ʹùɤʣػ 
ࡣһŮľȻش 
䡣һλŮŻش 
ɫ䣬̫żʧֵ 



ʮ ˻Ǳ

       СĹø̫ų˵ ֽ֮һ˻ǱɽһȻ֪ϸСλֽڽƮаħʮδ֣ʢȻ˥ĵħλүֹ£ûкӹ࣬ºųФ࣬һλܽŮӢƣнû˵κ¡ 
ˡ뻤Ȼ߻ѪģǾͶˣøȻ 
ǰڱʹΪӡ˻Ǳкˡʹſϲ˵̸̣ڡ 
סǡ̫˵ 
û¡ʹ߳߳һ䣺࣬ 
һɣء 
䣬½£ 
Ȼūˡ 
࣬ 
ǰ£ 
ʹȻǰŮǰһվͷϵİ˴糤룬Ѩ 
෢ʲ֣ۿҪѨһ죬ʹߵ̫Ѩ 
ʹ߻һͦʼ̫ѨѪȪӿ 
ͨðٵǰվŽԾţһ˫Ŀڵƹ£ģҰ۾Ĺâ 
쳤Хƺ춯ҡũڿҡмǿҵ 
飡ʹڵˡ 
һͦĹˡ 
ͦʬ䡣 
һλʹͻȻԾδȫ࣬ȻλŮӢۣԱΪʣһΪ˻Ǳˡ 
ĶԾһջ 
ʹ߼ͻȻһ٣׻Ȼ󶪵һԵ빢м䣬Ůײˡ 
ѽײüˤһĶȫˡ 
ɲǼ䣬Ӱڣɱͬһ˲䣬˫Է𹥻 
ԾƵãнƺѻûΪûʵĵ磬š˸¡跢ѪɣѵȼĵƻȫϨ𣬵֧ȴڽȼյøҡҡ챬 
ϲɫˣԶ޴ʱƵ˻óЩ̳ǺܻˣһԾ֪²ƴΣʥʹߵĵϸһһ̳ؽʥõĴʦͨ书Ҳ뻯λ̳һ֮£Ȼһһλʹߵ̫Ѩ˶޷֮ƴΣǧԼҪ˵̫˷𹥻ʱȴһͣȻڽڷУȥˡ 
ĶǣӶ 
Ƭ̣ıӰͻȻֹͣ 
£ɢŰ˾ʬ壬ڳ鴤кš 
̫ŵס֣Ľȴ̫ŵǻ 
ʹ߶ 
ԾŵĽңָڱϵ뻤뻤еĽһ뽣кı飬ڷ 
½̳̳˭Ծųʣ㲻˵±ضɱ㡣 
ʬУûг̳ҲûλŮ 
ҡֻ֪֪աճ뻤˵ 
ںδ 
ǰ£ 
ʹȻǰŮǰһվͷϵİ˴糤룬Ѩ 
෢ʲ֣ۿҪѨһ죬ʹߵ̫Ѩ 
ʹ߻һͦʼ̫ѨѪȪӿ 
ͨðٵǰվŽԾţһ˫Ŀڵƹ£ģҰ۾Ĺâ 
쳤Хƺ춯ҡũڿҡмǿҵ 
飡ʹڵˡ 
һͦĹˡ 
ͦʬ䡣 
һλʹͻȻԾδȫ࣬ȻλŮӢۣԱΪʣһΪ˻Ǳˡ 
ĶԾһջ 
ʹ߼ͻȻһ٣׻Ȼ󶪵һԵ빢м䣬Ůײˡ 
ѽײüˤһĶȫˡ 
ɲǼ䣬Ӱڣɱͬһ˲䣬˫Է𹥻 
ԾƵãнƺѻûΪûʵĵ磬š˸¡跢ѪɣѵȼĵƻȫϨ𣬵֧ȴڽȼյøҡҡ챬 
ϲɫˣԶ޴ʱƵ˻óЩ̳ǺܻˣһԾ֪²ƴΣʥʹߵĵϸһһ̳ؽʥõĴʦͨ书Ҳ뻯λ̳һ֮£Ȼһһλʹߵ̫Ѩ˶޷֮ƴΣǧԼҪ˵̫˷𹥻ʱȴһͣȻڽڷУȥˡ 
ĶǣӶ 
Ƭ̣ıӰͻȻֹͣ 
£ɢŰ˾ʬ壬ڳ鴤кš 
̫ŵס֣Ľȴ̫ŵǻ 
ʹ߶ 
ԾŵĽңָڱϵ뻤뻤еĽһ뽣кı飬ڷ 
½̳̳˭Ծųʣ㲻˵±ضɱ㡣 
ʬУûг̳ҲûλŮ 
ҡֻ֪֪աճ뻤˵ 
ںδ 
֪ҡҲ⡭£ǰ˻񡭡 
ңԾš 
찡뻤Ǳˡ㡭ѱ̴ܡ̳Ըˣɱɱ˸󼪣㡭Ҹƴˡ 
ŽУػŶϽˡ 
벻Ҫɱ༱С 
Ͻɣ뻤ѿˡ 
ģԾһ뻤 
˽ǡĸŮ˵»ڣǽд鷳͹٣ϷĲǣΪ֮ 
˶ʧããҹС 
ιһȡ伱У׷ 
Ѿͷ׷ġ˵ƺ󣬻ٵĺۼ죡 
ֻ˻أһ뻤 
Ͽʿڹ˵öԣ͹١˵ 
Ѿͷͬļˣʡ 
 
ˣŮӦ⣬Щ̷˹Ȼ£̫ѣʧܵúòңǷԵĶ飬һĿ̷мĳޣʿڹķʽֶȴڲͬС棬Ҳһ 
ðʡȸԾ˵ 
±ĽֵۣɢһЩ˼ҵСͥСԺʽǴסլҲûжߣϣżԿŵҹˡ 
 



ʮ 

       һ˵ˣһյСߣ⣬Ƕ̨ԶǱͤҹһ⣬֪ һլĽͣסˣ˳ֽŲĲϣκ˿龰ΪסլҹˣֵϷߵһźš 
þãȻ˼ؿޣǻصԼļҡ 
ŵ巽һλϲͷһֻǰ·ϵıӰȻĶܻϵģǻϵһ죬϶ִۣǱµģκҲʹñ 
һСԺӣںһ죬˱ʧȥ֪˵ǿֱУ 
̫䣬ˮɱԵ˱¶ں£Ƭ̱ᶳ˺ܽģЮһ˾ס᷿ʱϣŴϷ˵ֱСԺңµĴŴԿ͸ƹ⡣ 
Ϣ˵վһĻ£ӳ۾羼ĬĬع۲ܵơ 
һɹĽˣضж켸΢жеҳΣյÿµı仯ӦкĽͣӶѰӦ֮ 
ڣѰĽͣ£ʣھ׵ضкַӦ 
һլԺѲء 
ˣκⶼûзһ˳һн֮У 
һͷᵽΣϢʳޣȫǿҵķӦȻޣûиëûдļצ˫˫ĿԵø󣬸ڣ졢 
һڳϢ˫֣Ƭ̣ߴͻȻʡءСϵ¿㡢ƺ̫ˡǿήѿССһģȻͬĻٶȻָԭ״ڼ䣬ήͣϢнУΨһǣƺһʣмȴԸоС 
һѾʧȥıܣҲʧȥһ꣬һǧ꣬ЩıγԭʡŸʿĿУνɵɵˣӳ֮Ϊɡѽ⣬ɽģǧٻԱΣԳβ׺ĺࣻ»ȪŲ㡣 
ڼĻ˲˼ı仯УȻûκθı䣻һҲûиı䣬ûбһˡ 
ҵδ˯Էů紺ױ̨Ƹգȫ˵㡣 
һλʢױˣƵĴװխɫ¡ϸ߱¶ţ߳⣬Ƭ̱ᶳ 
ľڲʽĴ̵ͭ̿ŴԸе档 
λ˴ű߰˷ɫپʩǦʮòɣױ̨ǰǰߵ⻨֪Щô⾵ĥĥ֣ϵˮȳϸ壬еӰ֣֯һӣ 
ڵˣŲδš 
أȻһסӣСڣˮķĿֺ顣Увվ˫Ѿܾ֧Ľ 
룬ƵĻһˣһİˡɫͷھװ罣ϡ 
Ҫ¡İ˺͵Ż裺ǽɣ 
㡭㡭ѵءѵŤתﲻעλİˡ 
Ӳþ͵İ˼˵ԣ㲻֪ңԾźˡΪ֮ܺüǵġ 
㡭ǡ 
һЩ¡Ծ˵һǰǼһλԳֶĽǰͶ 
ү֪ҡҼҵ£ 
֪ºеҹ𸮣ǿ°ߣ;ӽ¡ 
찡 
Ҫ졣Ծ̩Ȼ߽ȫǣӰڴ˵ء֪ôط𣿡 
ҡҡţ޽᣺Ҳ֪ӴӲҲ޷źҵһʹŮһ͵ʹŮ뿴ҵͷ̸˵ 
ŶԾЦЦǸ· 
ү˵ʲôǡ 
ڡȫ٣Ψһ˵ģɱҵˣǽλӡ 
㡭үҲš 
ȳˣŲзڴ˵أݲؽʮ²ŻһΡͿ㲻ӦĻǾˣҲӦýͽٸ㽭ұϾǱǵ𡣡 
˵ҡȫҶɱǿǿ׷׷ңҵ䡭 
һŮӣǿǷŲ׷𣿳ǽӣҲɱȫס 
찡ҽУ˫Ŀһ浹ױ̨һήˡ 
Ծһɣһѷס»塣 
ѡʵǴƵķۼգѡš 
޽з˲䣬мص㶯磬׼ȷһŮ 
ͥβڣࣻţҼ羮ߴѨöȫ롣 
飡Ƶڵء 
һԾȽĽ˫ؽڣ˫Ѩȡţأֱ˫˫š 
൱ݣ绻ƽˣⱲǷ϶ˡԷֽ˵ýʵʵ죬Ҫ˰ʱֽűض֪ŮѴҪ 
úݡ˵ɷѨַ㲻ǽ 
ֻסʮ죬̳Ǹɫ֮ħëϲɡٽױ̨ǰһж˵΢Ц 
ʮɱˣڵɵɵʡ 
Ҫɱ̳һϧˡ 
ǡ 
·̳Ѳ죬Ҷ̺졣 
ԭǾɽѵˣѹɷѨַ˸飬ˡǣҲףӵĿڹ 
̳ϹּĽ㶨ǿӲֶζԸ㣬Ȧ׵Ϲֵʩ£ͷ˵ص£㼴ʹҶĿ̱ƹҲĹĻ 
ҶǴ㡭 
Ϲֵ֪ǵĴˣĵϹźţϢѴˡ 
ҶµȰ𣿡 
ѾǸעҪˣȰʲôأҶ̺쿪ʼȹ޹˼ɵػƤ£ȰҸа㣿ǲܵģ¡ʵҲ̫̰ģ֣ȴ顣£˲żüãƣĿ£ûκ˸ҺͱԣȻܴɣڣȾڱС 
һΣͬʧܡԾŲм˵ıƺȴѣвܳɹүϹۡҶò 
ҵȻ󡣡Ҷ̺Ȼ˵һŮˣʲôеĶˣλ޾κεطԺʹٹˡƽƽһʲôأһƽŮˣ߽ŮܻõĳɾͣƾôȰңܸô 
Ŷú죬İòȰˣҲܸʲô 
㵽ʲôأ 
һһַҪİˡ 
Ϲ֮󣬾֪ĵϸˣϹֵ󷨿£κҲס˽ 
壡С 
Ҷ̺켱˷ߵ¡ 
űƿһƤĴ󺺡 
ףһأҶ̺켱ʡ 
ѲĻ˱ȭ񣺡д⣬еȫɵǰҪѲ˵ء 
⡭á 
Ѷˡ 
㡣 
ҴˡҶ̺ȡԾűϣرͭ̿𣬴ϨƳȥ 
ãȻңһơ 
ǰ˷أڡ 
ʰױ̨ԾǰѹŽ˷ɫ䣬һ 
ôˣȻ˵һϴ˴£Ϣ̫㣡ǰδȥˣ 
׷ȫңڴĴУҳһЩŮţѰ 
ã˴룬סмһţʼѲȫ 
ôַƻġүһﲻ񹲷ߵѪ޳ʯѪ̥ǵƣͺһĶüħ˼ˣôУ 
͵Ѫ޳ǸգӦȻʮѸ٣һԾĹܡ 
ţȻֽšվڷŷİ˷ر˵л㣬㲻ԸشٶδΪ 
ף㡭㲻ԾšѪ޳ĸ⣺˭ 
񡣡 
˵˵֪Ϸ˭ 
Ѫ޳ʯûɣ 
ĶȻ֪ϷϷǰװú 
˵Ӣۡ˷ؽӿڣӪӢҵʮ˫գøѪֵǰҹʸӢۡ 
Ѫ޳ŭɶһֱץһδֲȺ̥ǵƣȫɫȷ˱ǡ 
˷֪ħĵϸ׽ƣһӲӲ 
ġ 
šѪ޳ڼնˣ˻ԭδվȣǱ֡ 
֪԰Ķ˷ֱԷǰߣУвйɱ˷Żĵϡδ㣬ΪҲҲΪȣܻ죬Ҫڹҹɱ⡣ 
Ѫ޳ĵ㺮ǰ쿴 
㡭ϡϷѪƣɡ𣿡Ѫ޳ѯԼ 
ٳ˷زм˵ɻѪƣץѹôûа㵱ֿһָͷ㣬Ծأ 
ϡϷ򡭡 
㲻˵Ҫɢһϼǡ˷׺ݵ˵ԸʧˣԽԽá 
Ϸ򲻡֪Ѫ޳ֵϷ룬Ȼ·ǣţϷ͡ʲô֪ˡ 
ѣǵıʵ 
ҡѪ޳һսͻȻƵԾڼ 
߲߲죬ȻһѪ޳ײڼţ̮ˣҲ˺Ѷ׹ 
˷ץסԷһȣƵĵ϶ء 
һɲ˷ȭߣѪ޳غڣᵹȥʮ£Ѫ޳ĺŽԽԽ΢̱ڵһ⡣ 
ҪŪÿһϸڡ˷վһ񣺡ȻһΪһ顣ڣԾżʱʼ 
үѪ޳ͼվ𣺡Ϸáòҡ 
Ŀڹиҵġ˵ 
ϡϷˡѪ޳վˣҡҡڰվȣߵţźһһϡϡϷűȣϷ͡ʧȥ֪ 
û㵽˵أ 
ûС 
ҭ֡˷˵ѾĳЩס£˵Щʲô 
ûС 
ݣ 
ǲܵġѪ޳ֱ棺ӵĿڹֻ˵һλͷźֶ 
 
Ϸˣװ¶ 
áװúƣŵǷᶶһᶶ̫䣬˥ǲǣ 
 
ԭˡ˷ϵĽʧˣٲߡκһֱʷһкĽ͡ħʵںˣȻ»ڣй 
 
ѵſڣšѪ޳þȫһ˫ֱɺɫ͵ץͷ 
ǿԤģԱУѪ޳˻ϣɱħĽڡһڴʱںУصѪ޳СҪϡ 
Ѫ޳һɶһˤڴ̨·أѪȪӿڳ鴤ͷҲȥˣûлͷ 



ʮ Ѱ˻ǱŮ

       еĸֽԳˣĿɽ䣬Ѱ˻ǱŮ ˣҪΪдũἯϡ 
ũûκʬ壬ʬѱĸŮºԵЩȵũģλٺӵŮģʱֳѱ׵˷ڵĶѪûɹټ˲ŴҰϣҵˣ֤ʵ˵ֲҽ֡ 
ЩУûг̳ڣλҶŮǱײҴˤ˵ģ֪̳ǲˡ 
߰˰վʮˣΪ׵Ϲ֡¦ŵĵλȱ̳˶ߣȴȲκϹ֣ҲȲλŮ 
ûϹλŮ˵ԾĸŮһ˶֣ɱеˣ 
ΪѣϮŭ⡣ 
Ǳ仳ɻĻǰԾŲ˵סϢѾ֤ʵԾѾ˱ȦףڳڱҶѲܻˡ 
ԳԾţԲûּ 
᲻ǰ˻Ǳðģ¦ԱʾϮʶ˻Ǳ 
ʶû˼˵ 
ӹơȭȵһӽӿڣλɱ׷ˣԾžǰ˻Ǳϣӵȷ׷˵õĺнֻ꣬а˷ǱһвɱλΧĹ 
ϻ˻ǱýõϹֲͬ⡣ 
Ծǹ彣λӷֱ棺ýȻҲõ 
ǲǰ˻Ǳȥ֪ˡϹֲټּǣǰ˻Ǳ൱֣Щڹֽܱض֮ʦ̲Щ¡ĸޣЩ»ҰƵڹֽܣίʵӦ 
ܻԾǰ˻ǱΪβʩЧұ̣¦֣ص˵ 
ǣ¦Ѳ죬뵽ɱˣеĵӣܽܵ𣿡ϹֿЦķض˵ˣͽ⣬ǻȥ˵úô¡ 
һ뿪ʼСؽңʮأһϵǴӳڽӵϢģʱѲ͵ԽǣطǣԱһͬؽңӴʵ;ܷ⡣ 
ǰСͨһС̣ǴһĴıȶеѾϵĩˣڵжΡ 
ɫʣ̿ͻȻӰñ½¶һ˫ۣ浶⣬סȥ· 
ʲôˣȵȻʣΪԼˣһһȻǰУûлжٽġ 
šԪ˧мǺӰըƵɤУħӦͷɱ 
˵е콫ֻԪ˧ 
ѵͻ޿ɿ˵Ƭ̼䣬ʮѣѪɡʮ̷ͷ֫ѣ 
ûܽӵһֱס˰ƴ֮⣬· 
ϹһȺжΣֻǰҺȺңŪôһ£ӵÿѾˮƵӿɽκҲ޷ס 
ߣɷܵһӿĵӿУӣ꣡ꡭ 
ӳʮԽԽأ̤˼о³ 
Ҳ⵽ֻͬṦѹˣֲı߱ܡ 
иˣŤͷɶݣҺ̫£ٲ̫ɵ 
ʮˣӵÿĲ֮һ 
ӵÿиˡ 
뽭ҵĴʮλȫ˽ƣţϹֵڴڣǱˣӿȫǺˮˣңһϢţ 
ʧܵúáòҡ¦Ȳ˲Ȼ˵ 
һЩˣضЩǱ˼ͬ飬ҲޱȾ֡ 
¦Ѳ죬ôһ£صһλ˻Ȼʡ 
ҡֻǰ˺Ԫ˧¦žڣ׵磬Һķ㺮ү 
ǡԾšλίеŮ˵ĸŮһǣ̳ΪɱнĽ֣ҡ˱̾ʹգ 
ԾţϹּҶѲʹ˵ѰԾס 
Ҫܳǡص˵һ͵Խǹأɶʮɵĳ婣׵¡ԾɱǵˣҶѲܵˣȻԾš 
⡭Ծźø׷¦˵˵ŴһսҪҵط˭˭Ҳ𡭡 
겻ɢײأϹصˡ 
ڶҰ˯ſˡص˵ߺǹǲǵԼˣֺܲݣҪŮޣѾϷʹŮˡ 
죬׼Ϲּ˵ʥʹ߼Ȼǰôҹħʥܿϵǵ֮ǰ뱣ȫ̳صأĿǰֻмˡ 
õģȥǡ 
δ꣬ǰԺ 
㣬׷ˡðʧؾС 
ԺǰͨҳһţԺʮͺʹ֣ʮ֧ͻѣᵶɢźǰףյԺͨ 
ͷɢŮ겻ɢײϡ 
ħƺ𴲲ãڳ㣬Ƥûϵףؽ 
д˵صĸ˳ҡΪ׵Ůɭɭ겻ɢ˵Ϲֺڣ 
㣬ʲô겻ɢŵطʣҪ㣬Ի 
½ӿϹҲС 
ˣ̫ϹһԸ߽У˳ǽվ㻹𣿡 
ŮĸŮǳֶġһХͦѭӳ 
겻ɢһЦӭסˡ 
һ죬˫ӲӲһУڻǷɽУ෽Ʈ˰˳ߡ 
ף⣬Ȼһ߳ˣϷ跢չ˿ǰ񳤽ӹĹ 
겻ɢѹȵͳʵѧ̷ƵХ˷Ӱϡѱ棬ɷԲڣŭŽâӰ쳺أһƾеļҶ񶷡 
һ棬Ҳײϵǹˣǹ飬Զ˷磬ĽƺΪ£ΪԸɳɶ̿ɱĹֱУȻÿҰصýиɻƾС 
Թ۵ˣϹڣȫľʺ 
û˸Ҽ룬Ҳûܼ롣 
죡ǧӺͽˡϹȻ¦˵ħ书ƵҪ࣬ǵˣ˭ҲԸǡ 
̳׼гȥǵˣ⵹õġ¦ŵ˵ֻҪԾһڵʱˡ 



ڶʮ Ҷ̺

       І᣿ @ԓІ} 
ߣҪְŪˣŪ÷ɂµďl᣿ɵˣ 
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ܙM¶ʮʢȻɹıXۂҪҪ룿 
룿xϹȻu^ҵõ϶᣿ŪÃɷNͬ㼯Уڣ 
YеăɌѽѽ˰ʮУpu_ʼUuF늹ʯƵ˲gNಫҙCCһ 
pԜʂʹý^WһΣCgݰl 
Ҏ픂ЦֱĤڶZQ 
վһӰMhӳҫĿ 
wţ˿С 
˻[һ˴С 
ՓwŻ˻ĝ@Щ˶@đ_ݵİӰwӣֻѵУҲˁG_ 
ȻҲđˣһðʧwSݣһһӰȥ 
һWhһ푣wϰ졣WwwS𣬎һDđK̖ˤ䵽ȥˡ 
ĸŮһ wŁˣҫĿh̎픵˵lsͬw|¡Ƀħ費סβo׷ 
ĸŮzSӰѽʧۙӰBWҲˡ 
lJ󺹣ȫvסꎻ겻ɢڰl 
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ꎻ겻ɢϢfR̓˻ĝĽ^ȫoˡ 
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λǸ^ֹӣxֿЦǝDͨڽě]ϔ֣]ϵλȻܡ 
㲻ǲǣꎻ겻ɢһָɾϡ 
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ڵxϹǰ팢̔ߣsӵʹд̎⣬ȫӷϢҪx˵ء@Ȼ݇ؐ² 
ܱw͵ԽPǣһwس^һ͵ԽPwʮhĳ婣߀oΣҵطD܇I̔\ȥ 
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ゃҪڹǆ᣿҃ˣxϹ֕ԭՏ㣿 
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ǂĺŮˡwЦ֪᣿ͬ 
ͬʲ˼ 
ҲһĺˡЦЦֲ飬]ҟojһ挦΄Ұɣ 
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ҲǣҕĚ㡣~̼tϧ 
ϧʲ᣿ 
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xϹ֕㣬Ɂ˕㡣 
ңҴـ᣿ 
㲻ɣ 
K]˯ 
ƺŪʲԎӋ 
ԎӋゃɁˣ׃ʣ׃ʳ֮ćأص׌Fص㉯߽⡣мҪ㡣 
ʲ᣿ 
Ų֮ᣬϢһԂǁĲ쿴ɱĘɫ׃еֵֹġ 
֣ 
·Q۽ʮdҊRcfһȡɱ@Nˣf˽ʮ͸Ǳǵĵع^^۲۵ĵ^ߣ@N£BӢۺÝhҲ@N˰⏭ҊLD棬֪څ׸ݣLˮT·죬r\_FgQʧݕr@пвݸƤゃ̣ˣlؔк̎еܵ{rһ̓oˣϢ֪ɽѵKKK~̼t뵽᣿ 
xgęCЦˣЦݘOˣMęCʹһ죬ҲĴ 



ڶʮһ ľ

       ҪҪģΪβң㵽ﹶܱ򱶡ĸʲôطܶ㣿գԻĵطأֻ㣬Сġ ЦˣһԾ𣬲ɵϢܵؽ˽ 
ʱδʲôԾóŪĿ˵˯һüӦ䡣 
ģŪıơ߳ŭ߽ݺݵĸ⣺Ҫǰɱ㣬¡ 
Ǹ֪жˡЦЦΪãҲΪԼ 
ΪԼ 
֪ǸˣвҡȻҲϣƬ̣Ͼ£ҲϣڼϹ֮ǰȥʹ㲻ҵҸСҶǰ㣬ͻĵ뿪侲ң㵽˵þ䣻治ñ䡣 
Ҷ̺챾һϽһϽ 
ʬ԰ȥ˭֪䣿Ȼɱɢĺһ㣬˭ҵõֽթĵͷߣЮ˽ƱȥҲŹ 
Ƭ̷ҽԾű⣬ѳĴ£ԼҲڱڽǴûеƣڳֲָ 
˯һĳ 
֪˶ãһ䴫ѰϢǶеţһֵַؿ 
ˣɱģ롣 
һӰȻ˾⣬Ƭ̣һֻС򿪣ϡ 
ܲ͸ģſķ϶͸룬СķĩҲŵķ϶©ڡ 
ʲôͻȻںӰʡ 
ӰһܵŤѭһ 
𣬵ûȴһƿкӰԴ 
ԺһУ˲ؽȾƴ򷢺ҹȫǸѾ 
֣ˣ㡣һλͷĿˣɱ˵ 
̳ټǰǲˡνǰµԾţֻ˶ĿĴݿһֽܣԾֻ֮һѡ̳˴ȥλֵֻһ˳϶ӵסȥͬӴ򹷣ȥ޻ءЩ˱֮Ŀ꣬ѵҪڴ˵ص 
巵ءɱԵ޴룺λҶѲ졭 
صȽˣϿ뿪ΪϡСĽκ¶ȱһЧ˭֪ʱ֣߰ɣܵˡ 
ðɣߡɱ¶˾ģ¾Ʊ 
ͻȻƿҶ̺ɱ̽ңһ˫Ŀɱŭӿ 
˴ʧɫ 
ЩͽҧгݷĿ𣺡ҪпԭȻıɱѲӣ 
Ѳһ꺺ӰŹˡ 
Ҷ̺ж𸴣˵š 
ĸΣعΪԼ¸ҵһա 
벫ȫլŮ˷׷ұԺӿź 
Ҷ̺ĽɱЩطӦ˵ġҾȫլ˽磬Ѹ׼жɱˣ̳ԾţǱӳլ 
ˣһլĺ԰ڡڣ˹»ҰҲЭҲұ˴ϢȻұһڽߡ 
ǣʳ伢Ȼʱլ˵԰߶ǣ²ǡ 
̳Σļнƣ 
Ūȥ治סڱڸµԾɫдֻζ 
÷ĻҽΣֵηɱ٣߸ͷƦɱѣѾɱ׵ϢеˣЩһˮġ 
ЩѲңһ跨ȥġ׺ݵ˵ 
ȴޱȣˡ 
޴ѣºġѾ˵ùףƬ̱Ͼ£Ƭ̽ҽϹ֣ҾͶƬ̡Ŷ˳Ϣ𣿡 
̫ȣûлʡ 
òҪʣẦ¡ 
㣬㵽жˣɱλӻسͬĻ˵ߣ 
ʵ˵Ѿ޹ؽҪˡԾ̩Ȼ˵ҲûıҪĸˣĸôݵˣƽʱһ𣬸иҵɼ㴫飬ܿͻһĸ˷ͷ£ֶκͷʽвͬϵ൱Уʮȷɹٺ䶯µӢ¼ûʧֻܹٵķֱѣʱϱ˭λ˭û׷ıҪΪĸÿһζвͬݣͬͬԸ񣬺Ͳͬ似ڣҽԾš죬ҿܽǮĸ˹ݼʮ£̲޻ɺ޿ԣֻǴɾѪòܵ׶ѡȥʮǴδʧܹҲʧܡҿ㱣֤ʹܰҴǣʾˣȴǴѵĿʼλͬ飬ѾչĴӹǵĲɱ٣ΪһѾ֪УǱضԴˡ 
ߣ෴УͶҺΣ˵һ 
ģһ跨͵˳ȥģҵĻ 
ԾţϣҴˡ 
سһճǣҹҹҹ˲ҪӣΡס޵ˣַϰղ̫ɣ̫˻췴ˣڳŹر֮ǰǰµ˱뼰ϻȥƻʱ⣬ŸֵڣǵҳһţسŵĶѲҲܶࡣ 
ƻǰһ˴̧šǳǵ˺ܶ࣬˭ҲϾ˵¡ 
ˣҶ̺Ծš 
Ѿȡһʱ⣬ֵҵ¡ڽνǵԾȻ˵ 
һʱ⣬ı䲻ӵơҶ̺˵ 
뷨Ծں˵ 
뷨ʲô 
룬Ѿгԣʱ䣬ѿõȫټһλͬ飬Ϳһˡ 
ͬ飬𣿡 
ǵȻ⣬һҲġ죻˻䣬ԼԼֻԼǷ˭˭αؼƽϣҪģΪģ̫ˣ 



ڶʮ ˷

       ĸηͷϣܵ÷ɿ죬ϣ͵ͷ֮üϻسǱŶӡ 
ιţ˸ںˡ 
뿪ٵҵĲ·˽һɲ׷ 
ͬ顣Ҷ̺Ͻδĵ˵ѾźţǱ̵ĵӡ 
ϲϲԾЦ 
Ц֪Ľ𣿡 
ҿޣܸı𣿡ѲЦݣλͬߴ˷ɹذҴ˽ҡڽ֣Ȼ֮磬𣿡 
ˣҵˡ 
ӽΣܵļֱ̌ǰԺ 
棬ƺ˸١ 
ҽ䱸ɭϣռΪţ֮ǰλѹٴС 
Ѿ˵ƣ˫ʮˣҶ̺ĵֹۡ 
Ҷ̺˷̤ܵĴ棬ӵű˫֡˫ҲԾţֻ̧ƣŪһ 
ӰݼʥߡҶ̺Ըǰеǹ񣬿֪λ԰ϵˣλǺεȸ߲ˡ 
ѲˣΪλüۣŹʥߣ̴̵ܰݡ 
Ϲ֡Ů뼰Ůң¦šδȬɵĳȭȡ󺺡ңҲʮλԴεˡ 
ңվ׽ͷִֿ󣬶Ŀ彣ˣŵľ䣬Ķƺڵˣǽ䱸֡ͨõÿڣҲͬ˷ֱء 
ҶѲ¦ŵλ 
ˣɱڶӵԾšҶ̺쿪ʼ棺ӿ֮˳ؽסýѺ̳;䡭 
ɱӺľһ˵ˡ 
ȷԾšϹּԲ䣺ǣίʵ˲⣬ϮдȷԾţ;ϮԱҲԾš 
ĸˣžĻҶ̺Ϲֽ󣺡ֻ֪ǵĵϸˡ 
˵ȷĸˡüʥߴ˵ԾűҶѲڳܻʣϮǳصˡִ˵صģŮǰ˻ǱŮʡǵˣԾŵͬ顣ô˵뱾Ե˹֮࣬˵̳˲أˡȻˣ͵ðȫܻѪѵĵӡӿǣڹ˽ǵĵϸܲ߶ܲǵĴơ 
ϹȻӦŵ 
һ쳤Хնףɫһ䣬һ 
ȥͺʥߴһסӿ䣬һʿڹ 
ڵͬʱãԱֵ˵ҡ 
ϹãԾǰһվһЦ 
ԾţϷ졣Ϲֿʼ°䣬ϵЦ 
ԣ֣һ졣Ծֱֱأ˫ǰ棬ѲЦ⡣µͬѾˣǵҲѾ룬ûйˡҶ̺죬ķûȥһ죬ᡣ 
ڵƹ˷ֻţĿ֮£˫ͻȻӱ쵽ǰ棬ţȦڷשϣ˫۶类 
ظͳö룬ԶϵҶ̺һס 
ͻı仯˴һ 
Ϲһ㶣ȻǴγѣ˼̤ǰһ˫ʮָ֡ 
ԾŲδվһ 
ѽϹŤ㵹 
˭Ҳû仯ǣϹԾŵĽ£ԾѾվˡ 
ԾЦƺΪ֮ͻȻ档 
ЦУϹͻȻŷ׶㵸ϷȥϹϵľ߰ȣȴԾС 
Ǵ󿪵ģм䣬ְ˷ѳȥαװӰüĿƲСӡ 
ôҪ𣿡˷浶ԾŵʹŽǴԾмƱܴȡصġ 
ܳ֡ԾŲδͷˮ⣺ʹô꣬Σ 
ָ֧վмİ˷أʼŷ 
ҲһǴꡣ˷ضŽɨһۣǵʦʮػ𣬾˵ȫǹ黯ĸ֣겻֪Ƿ֮ЧһԱ֪ 
ʥȫüʥ߸߾ֹ֣е£ڳ鴤߿ѪϹ֡ 
¿㣬ɳɿĻռ䣬Ŵ࣬Ҳɶռʩչ 
üʥĿ˸ʹҴϣǽŲִһãڰľȵԾȥ 
ϴ󵨣üʥֹҹ£ 



ڶʮ 

       һεס̬еԾšƺЧĿħ֣˺ ķڶڶеľҲҪɡȻ𣬺Х 
У˫һ֣һ˫Ŀէ֣ͫһͷӣǰΪˣһǵħ 
󷨡ƴӾĵظѹ˵ִ󻰣ȥģ 
һ羢ХѲ˼üʥߣѵ˶ԷıǼǰ 
üʥûϵͻȻ̫ˣƺѾվڴ˵ˣǾٲӽģ黯ˣӦֱܣַӦضΣյжܵν 
̫ˣһδܰγ 
߲һ죬ƵڹͺͺϣƺлǱΪ֪湦Դ˽˵ļӲͷǣȴˮһдݣ˱ͷ 
УĳǰҰ˻ԭأϵֽУλʥһϣ¸һǴ꣬һ˰ˡ 
üʥһһΣŤˤ 
һ赭дһɵеˡ 
ÿڣĿ⡣ 
ԭÿڵˣ֪ʱѾȫڵˣƺδ֡ 
棬վ겻ɢҺÿڣײϡħѲǵ̺ǹ˹浶ÿ੹Ц 
λǰԾ¡¦ŷУΪء 
֪겻ɢԵ֧عЦһָײϣġλ塣ԣԾţ੡ǻףˣ 
꣡ڵİ˷شطɲתģϵİһɢڵзףѪɡ 
Ӱ֣ٿֹ 
 
໡ 
Һ̴ܶ٣˵֫뽦ڵѪմĿġ 
δͲˡ˷˵۶񵱹ء 
죡¦ŷУҿ񱼡 
Ǳͻɢţе˽ȿֺ 
겻ɢ浶ָǽÿڳһʥߡΣ 
ûҫĿ磬ǽĽУȻ̶֮ëɭ 
ѵһ֧ľ⣬ȫӦȺŹ˵еİԵѴ꣬˵ңӵˣһڵ±˺ѡ 
Ҷ̺յţѾһأЦ 
תԾŵ߳ 
һҧһӡ 
ķѿָɢϳгг޷¡ 
ңĺˣؾС 
ϴȥǵĳ̳𣿡Ծųʡ 
ҡҴȥ 
ںδ 
ڡš 
һ֧ķ⣬ѾӽʺҲ࣬ΪԼˣˣ´쵹 
Ӵ죬ͻȻͣסˣ¦ŵĽλͬ¦ѲĽҪɱڡ 
Ծһץסˣľһɲ¦ŵԴ 
վЩԾƿԴƵ¦ţĳЧı¡ 
ӵˣвĿġ 
һ˳ڽĲУźѾӹˡϵұۣұۿ˷죬˿ѿסٶ񻯣ܷɹѹش⡣ 
ѹĽ鱦ںδ겻ɢվڴǰţùԹȻߣ 
겻ɢ㡭𾪿ֵز˵㡭Ľ𡭡 
²̸Ҳ겻ɢ겻ɢϸ̫˼ˣۿӲǲ뿪ġ½䣬Բԣ󣬵ȻҲ겻ɢ´ûʾ겻ɢ˵˵ 
ڡں󡭡԰ġĵؿ 
Ĵͷؿߣ¶׷ˣֻ췴ľе¼ġǲ˵ˣ 
˵˵鱦ǡ̳űܵģҡĲ֪ء 
ںδ 
ߡ 
ҷģ֪ 
ͣڽüϣλ̳Żˡ 
̳ڴ˵ءҶ̺˵ɱ˽Ҳ׷鱦䡣̳ڰ½Ūȷʵھ˲پеҲʵĲؽ̳Ҳ֪߲࣬𲻿֪ 



ڶʮ ̳Ѿ

       ̳Ѿˡ˵дӭʥʹߺԡɱˣֻֻûһӵ̳˼ȫû Ծĸˣ⴦̳ĳ̳ʹҲӡ̳ǧͽڣ˼̳ıĿּʥܣԱ쵼˵ĳĽɡһµĴӢۣУȻһƽˣһŭĻʵۣڽ̫УͬǿɹƭƵķˡ 
˵Դȥ̳ԾҶ̺Ц 
ǵģҲ֪ѾˡҶ̺첻ס 
ôң 
סȥҡ 
Ǿǡ 
þ÷ϣãһӫȻңƺر䡣 
СݺСݺؽлźʹŮ 
СݺͲˣȫլˣӵĶӵˡ 
Сݺں 
δϵķſڣˣȻ뷿Уǰһſ 
ƹٴѲǩһ˽ǩǰһ 
Ѳ졭ؽС 
㻹ʲô˵𣿡 
ҡ 
ؿЩڼס 
ģ 
ʱ֣ͶĸܣĿ¶ѰΧ𸮡 
ҡҲߡ 
ܻǺܴģǽнߵĴ㡣̳Լ˽լ˽լ̳еҪ֮⣬Ӵڽ޴ӵϤ 
̳˽լүεĳ԰԰׵ӭ¥ȫ԰еĽء 
ϴγλѲ棬ش԰Ҷ̺Ծĸ˴Ѱҡ 
˵ˣʲôҵģҵĵȻǽ顣 
үڣҪ˶ڣֻмССūߣӵĶһӵˡ⼸죬ڳЩĻ̥ˣɫԣҽӵ𴦱ܻȥˣүڲ¡ 
ӭ¥ÿһΪѵĵطѱˣûдأ¥еֵޣֻҵһЩ 
ǼݻůڣվһԷ 
ֿϱԾžɥ˵үı׺ػԶ˵ݼµҴ鱦ֵʮ֮࣬ʽ鱦ʯΣκһҲǧϡɱյģǷزѡЩ飬ײصδȥˣ 
Ӧûʵĳ԰ڡ˷Ƶĺ˵֮ȫ԰ϸһ顣ҪʱȥѴүŪӦ֪һЩ 
ҲֻˡԵںëүһŪ֡Ǻǣ겻ɢôû׾֣񲻻λ겻ɢͷ 
׼һЩʳҪԾλ˵Ҫ£ǲΪǡ 
ͻŵˣԾŵĿҶ̺ϡ 
㡭δңҶ̺Ȼʡ 
㡣ЦЦ 
ģ㡭㲻㲻ܡ 
Ϊβܣ˵Һͬࡣ£Ҷó 
̳ȫ㣬ôҾ̳ýˡʧ֮磬֮ɣܣض׬һʸĲƸϰ졣 
벻Ҫ 
ҪģҶѲ졣ԾŶȻܾԷ󣺡ʵ˵ǱӦһ̵ϧ֣ƮȡֻǣԸˡ𣿡 
ûûС 
Ѽͼ񣬺ɽ췴ǰһЩйϡһ죬һҵģɱ̫ˡ 
㲻ǽĵ֣ɾˡ 
Ҳ֣һеɱ룬ңĵ֣Ҳûϵֶźġ 
ңҵö롭 
Ҳǻ𣿡 
ô־׵ģλǿµѪ޳ء˷ʡ 
Ҳ֪˭硣Ծ˵ǣ̳᲻һõͷӪĲؽݡ٣÷˲ǳ̳٣ʡ͵ĵϸ٣ʵĵôȣ٣λҶѲ첻Ȼʢױɡ̳⼸콹ͷöæһˣ鸾һ쵽ֵصȴСԺӸǸԺǽǽһС̳ҹ磬㣬ǽأֻǷѹŴźţ۵ķϰ죬鸾´棿 
е˷زסͷϹϳɾס˶ܣϢ޷Һð룬ſߵٿڹ֪֡ɸȻһѪ޳ĿڹһСӺϸģԵ޹ʰһġ޹ؽҪ˰;סһǷ˾סʱţ¼סˣָӺ޽ĵشŹء 
Ϊö붼ˣɷúܣַ֪˶пûͷķ֡ԾҶ̺ļ磺൱ֺݶַˣһûʧܹÿһö룬ҵĲλƫˡΪ뾭ѨʵƤбߵġʱң˲һëҿɾӢۣͬĶɫңʧɱȤ 
ѺɱҡҶ̺Ȼ˵ 
ҷ㣬Ҳкӹ̵˲Ź㡣ԾҡͷҪǣһҰĲ 
ģ㡭㲻㲻ܡ 
Ϊβܣ˵Һͬࡣ£Ҷó 
̳ȫ㣬ôҾ̳ýˡʧ֮磬֮ɣܣض׬һʸĲƸϰ졣 
벻Ҫ 
ҪģҶѲ졣ԾŶȻܾԷ󣺡ʵ˵ǱӦһ̵ϧ֣ƮȡֻǣԸˡ𣿡 
ûûС 
Ѽͼ񣬺ɽ췴ǰһЩйϡһ죬һҵģɱ̫ˡ 
㲻ǽĵ֣ɾˡ 
Ҳ֣һеɱ룬ңĵ֣Ҳûϵֶźġ 
ңҵö롭 
Ҳǻ𣿡 
ô־׵ģλǿµѪ޳ء˷ʡ 
Ҳ֪˭硣Ծ˵ǣ̳᲻һõͷӪĲؽݡ٣÷˲ǳ̳٣ʡ͵ĵϸ٣ʵĵôȣ٣λҶѲ첻Ȼʢױɡ̳⼸콹ͷöæһˣ鸾һ쵽ֵصȴСԺӸǸԺǽǽһС̳ҹ磬㣬ǽأֻǷѹŴźţ۵ķϰ죬鸾´棿 
е˷زסͷϹϳɾס˶ܣϢ޷Һð룬ſߵٿڹ֪֡ɸȻһѪ޳ĿڹһСӺϸģԵ޹ʰһġ޹ؽҪ˰;סһǷ˾סʱţ¼סˣָӺ޽ĵشŹء 
Ϊö붼ˣɷúܣַ֪˶пûͷķ֡ԾҶ̺ļ磺൱ֺݶַˣһûʧܹÿһö룬ҵĲλƫˡΪ뾭ѨʵƤбߵġʱң˲һëҿɾӢۣͬĶɫңʧɱȤ 
ѺɱҡҶ̺Ȼ˵ 
ҷ㣬Ҳкӹ̵˲Ź㡣ԾҡͷҪǣһҰĲԵŮˡ 
νѣҲˡҶ̺һ̾˵öԣһѼǲˣǸԵŮˡѡĻᣬһƽһŮˡգһƽƽػúܺõġ 
ôˡԾŻָˡ 
ʲô˵Ҷ̺оȡ 
ǲǣ߰ɣҲϣٿ㡣գȥ·ɣϣ㲻Ҫߴ·һҪٴ 
Ҷ̺Ƭ̣ӯӯվĬĬעţ죬Ĺâ 
˵ˡүһԶΪףҲףңټ 
ˣתע 
վһָ 
һٿȻת 
֪ʱˣͷɢ˹Ů 
ðհʮѡε 
£ٴˣĿϷհʮжʢ˥ˣҲúú룬һλˣ˸ӵˣ 
Ҫ˵㡣ŵ˵˵ʹ˻ǱҲ޷η塣 
ˣҪǵºòãԾŻϵʸҹսµˣûм׵۰˴֮һŷ꣬ҲƵĹԹԶֵ֮󼪡ڵİ֮һİپ磬ҲȫЭǱݡλðշǹȻսίʵֻǣǵͬΪıɷλҪǵ£ 
ʲô˵̵ԣ޹ء 
Ƿйأû۵ıҪ 
أ 
ǣЦЦ˵ûЩӢҵڵ׬ƸڻаɹˣӢۣʧ˾ɸοǣǴûʧܹҲʧܣ׬׬󡣲ҪͼԤ 
Ԥⶨˡ߲һЦǲҪҴ˵صĳ̳ 
ˡ 
ģ 
żٲˡ 
ʹڹŶˣӢһʿڹʳô 
Ŷʳôˣָλü 
Һͼĸ֮һ˺ñɱ⣬ʮһˣ°˾ʬ壬һ² 
ԣ 
һǳ̳ 
ѽȻУǸܵļһ 
 
 
λ£ܼиɻڹ棬սչٸתעøֶùٸɨͥѨίʵֻ°һ裬Ԫ© 
κ£Բÿȱǲǣӹһ֪ˡԾЦ˵ 
̳вؿߣΪ˵֪ʵ̳Ҫִ֪һλ˹ 
ˣɷ棿 
λҶѲǣǣָָ̳ڵҶ̺죺Ը⣿ 
Ը⡣ȻܾѾӦ·ȻҲǧһŵĴɷ򣬵ʴӲʧˡҷǳǸ 
ǵġջ 
Ҳǵġɫ˵ 
ôûг̳ 
һͷϣҲʳԱŰҶｻ㡣Ҷ̺֣㻹ߣ 
Ҷ̺Ťͷ񱼣ȥá 
һէ 
죬էէ֣ͻȻڣס˳· 
Ҫҡ˵ 
㡭 
Ůʩˡ༱ 
Ӯˡһţݻɽһ죬ڵġ 
λ߰ɣٿ䡣˵ 



ڶʮ ´

       ɽ´к´ꡢһͨС񲻸ҽӽɽС䣬ֻʮũˮ壬ڽӽһׯԷ͵СҲһεƽʱİ˹٣ׯЩүǵע⡣ ʱ֣山һũĳ𡣸մ򿪴ţ㿴վһİˡ 
ס㡭˭ 
ʵѡİ˵ȥѾҹҪѡ 
õģʹմѽ 
ԾţҲкػԶ 
⡭Իպѽ¡ 
ֲ֣һ˵ˡ 
ãݺӵƶ 
İУͻȻٺЦ˵͵ߣҲƤȡ겻ɢšҪӴųȥ 
ã̳һھװճ̤ţǰɹȳУԾŰγǹͺͺĹŽ 
ңʮ顣̳ҧ˵ 
ҪԾŴն 
ʮ򡣡 
Ҫ 
㡭Ҫʲô 
Ҫ 
үıף 
ǡ 
ǡ֣и 
ûɱүȫʮڵʱ뵽һҲɱȫҡ 
Ǳ̵ѽ̵ӡ 
ҲʲộҲʲôɶ񶾵ֶв˽̡֮ҹ⵵£ܾ͹ܵףɣҸ㹫ƽĻᡣ 
̳òӲͷƤϣٽڷ 
ҪҵļС̳ɤˡ 
ݼʮڣٸ档 
㡭 
ݼҵһҲ㡣 
ſڳһӰǸ̽Ůˡ 
ɣҪŮһӽһ˵˫ϱڣɱһ 
ˣ̳ͦͦʼȶ 
֧ҡָ쪣ɱӿڣɭɭХ 
Ů˵ͻȻӿһͷʵ㷢ɢģʱȴϷɢȹƮɡ 
Ծų˵İĸͽ꣡ 
Х죬Ͼ籩ǣطضɽҡŮ˻ӽԼӿӰϡУ͸Ӱ룬˷š 
һХУӰ򱱷䡣 
ԾŵӰ֡ٶƺһգۼƫϺӰıƿնɡ 
飡Ӱˤɳ⣬һǰɣȫӿɫĻ棬СŤֹ 
Ծ˽̤ߡ 
ſڣվĸŮ 
죡ǡ𣿡߽ôʡ 
ǵģټϳ׵书Ծ˵ʹǴ죬Ҳȥ磬Ҳνж 
ҺҺСŮûðʧǰȥ 
ǻȥǵ̳𣿡 
һȥǾ͸ҡ˵ 
ûθڡЦЦ˲ģһæ£ܸúúϢϢ˵ʱһѾ伣ˣлȥҿ̸˵꣬š 
壬ֱ˳̳Ѫܵʬ壬ͼСӤнŮʬõ£ҡ 
ãߺԾŴҺÿ˱һֻ洺硣 
ˣĸŮءſŤͷ𣬴̤ﳤȥ 
סİŮ˵ҪûȤЩ糾һ𣬳Ӣҵ֮⣬ġ 
֪ǵĵϸ𣿡Ŀ˵ıӰ૵˵ 
ѣǲᱩ¶ݡ죬ԣ죬֪ôǮ಻ŤͷףŮʲô 
̳ʬϣһ֦պѪĴëʡ 
˵еУĸŮͬȻ 
˵ӰѾԶ⣬ÿ졣 
ڽʮ꣬ô᣿䶢Զȥ˱Ӱ૵˵λԾšѵ˵ʮʹӢҵ 
ŮʮʹͷˡŮ־ٲȥʱҲֻʮꡣ 
ŮҪǵĸסְ峺ĿУӿĹʣǷǺܶ࣬ǡ 
ԾšŮգѾͷҪ˼롣Ѱա 
Ůϣ˽һЩһߣһ֣ص˵һǱӦΪݡ 
ѽ 
᲻һ죬˵ϵĳͻ 
ŮеëȻĸоɫһ䣺֮еȻЩͬϷϾ׵ʿߵúܽһ 
һĳһλ׵ޣ뱨Ӧͻǣ浽Ľ飬Ǿͱʾ뱨Ӧ֮䣬һ޿ɱĴֻɫ 
ŮɣǷڱӦ£֧С 
һһҲҲ 
ԣŮǵĸסг񣺡ϿȥҵȰұ¡Ůǵȥ¡ 
һˡ 
ŮѾǵһεеˡ 
Ϊе㲻ģǹս̵£̷ͽ¡ 
ŮСĵģİװúء 
⡭ðɣس顣 
Ƿ֮ʧȥӦټ 
λ̣λձˣ糾ͣ°Ĵ 
ǾǱӦ񣬻װݵļ൱ǽӻһʱضװͷֳִȰе永µ֤ȫйذ֤ȷ䣬ʽֽбӦķֶΡһ֤Ҳеʱˡ 
갸뿪Ҳݣ֪Ȼ뾳ʮǵݺ٣һֱǽص¼֮һǸ׵Ϊ࣬˭ҲûɹһֱǱ޻֮ǵ 
ڣѾšԪ˧Ҳǹ֡۵̣ձˣڻƳĴٵϣÿ˱һ糾С 
硣ײϵ壬̵Ķ˵빢ĸŮ֣ȥǵ̳һݣ˵ҪʮأѾнڣ𣿡 
ܣûĵ侲ЦЦ˵Ҹұ֤̳һӦļƻͽͽһɢҵõ𣿰½̳нߵ׼̳һĿߡ 
ԣûйĸŮǱض׼һԾ˵ͼԣ٣ʵ£ΪһۡҪ̳ʵȻӵЩһ죬ǱӦһδ㣬һģǷǵӢҵ 
ǲӢҵҲв췴ׯϵ˵ĵ˵öԣǻһ¡ 
ô£ʡ 
̳¡꣬ؿߡ 
ǱӦҲߣĿߡ˵ҳƳ֮⣬ػջĵܵũׯ磬˼ǲҲҪֱܵĿߡ 
ǵģܡ֣ص˵ս̳£ͽڳǧӵɫɫĲçԽ죬˭ұ֤Ǳضڲǵĸףߣö༸ڻģ 
˵öԡԾ˵ƽʱǷסأ˵಻̫ңԶзɵܵıܵ磬һ˼ȵ⣬ȻԶˮȲ˽̳һؿߣд˱ҪλȥذмӿС 
д˱Ҫλ͵¡֣ض̣λؼңԤϢ£ɡѰҿ£ڼֹͣУĵܸղŵĻ 
磬ҵʲô 
Ҫһδ¡ 
С죬ʹ˰ݡ 
ԣǱ׼ֲʵĲ㡣 
˼ǡ 
лĻҼ־ͬϵ׳ơӦֺԲᣬӦĶѣʱ 
ǣ־ͬϵѲס 
ĵܣΣ 
ܵġ磿ԾſЦˣӿǡ书´ȥáϵ˻ֳӲ鷳úܡע 
ԸǲǳǶġ˵ҲܿǵݣСĳŵ괬 
ƥԲ첻Ĳ𽥽ӽ 
棬ּǼڣƽʱڼй䡣 
ּʮǽϵʤء֮һĿ̱·Ӹǹط 
ڹٵ棬ٵνӵ·γһС֣ƽʱӴÿͣмʳľ߹ģͣ˨׮۵ȵ豸 
Ѿǽʱ֣ЪϢˡ˼ڣʿѲӽʿһۣ뼯 
Ťͷλֵܴɫʾ⣬ЦЦ 
һλʿı̡ 
ڶλòѿŹҫĿǹ 
λǸɫƣˣѿ룬Ž 
ʿһҹģʳꡣ 
ѡһûʳ͹˵С꣬һЩ±ĺơ 
ֻһλСƲ˱°æϴȥˡ 
ԩ·խ˵ϧǰ̶ˣȻԺ档 
ײж񶾵ˣҸҴģǵġս̳ߣһѾҵǣһðǵҡײƭðǧ 
ȥ̽̽ǵĿڷ硣Ծźһھƣץһѿζ 
Сˡ̡ 
ԾŴҴҳ꣬Сһ֡ԵĲݴԣˣ´ֲ죬ֻһӡһ죬աɢͷĻһ٣ֻҺΪɽиʽݵķգۼһˡ 
ؽʳʱʳõʿѾϴ糾ǡûҲǡýƲ 
ڸͷĽһҪС¾Ʋƣʿ̸ 
Ļװʮָȴ˱Ҳ 
λݵʿÿĲ档 
˵һҵõǵټ̵ݵʡ 
ǵġݵ˰˵ 
ΪΣ 
ǻΪԾţðݼұ׵񵽴ﰲ½ʱ·Կ⸮ģα졣ѶٵõһЩ֪ӦϸںϡԵңˡ 
ԸˣҶѲ죬ñԩ· 
ߣαѲ죬һˣɲҪԹ޵ذơ 
㡭ɲߡ̳ʥʹ˵ʶĸˣ㶪ֲܣȥǣ 
ͲҪҷɧҶѲ㬵˵ĵָմ˾һ 
úãԹǡ̵òĿմƵָƶӿ֡ 
겻ɢ˼ʹҵ񣬲˵ƾλ书ǽ󡣡ҶѲһдһ˵ǰ½̳ǽ̳ʵۺ̳Ҳˣ˼Ϊء 
˵ǰ½̳£λ̳򡣡겻ɢȻ˵˵ãͲƭðħˣȥ̳ˡߣӦô겻ɢûǷ£ҵߣ 



ڶʮ Ծ

       ײһˣͿ԰ѱӦʮ˲ǹ˿ λ书裬ȺڵĴ֮һİپ磬٣ҶѲʣֹͣþд 
겻ɢЦپ޾֮Ըҳư˶ڣ־ڳ۵Ļɫʲô 
ԣײһͬغ£˶ԣ³˵úܣʾ廨ͷƾʲô۸ߵͣ 
Ըλʵѧʤ˱Ӧ񡣡ҶѲ˵ףλɹ 
һ㣬Ҳµ 
˲䣬ֻ֣ͬʱõԾһ 
ű꣬겻ɢɨĹСڰ뱭֮͵Ծȥ 
ԾžһƵʳһײ˴ȥˡ 
˰׷ҶѲ켱УȴѸݾס 
СԾƺȲ㣬һһСӣ뼯Ĺָ԰Уʧ 
˿׷ᣬѭѡԷ˼ΪԣȻӿ׷ϡ 
ҰУԶأҲԲмܣͿ԰׷ѡ 
׷ˣҲ׷ٵмҡ 
ã˿һҹСҡײվݲ࣬ԼݡûкŵģΨһĳȽյľš 
ҶѲ겻ɢ⣬ȷһ̶ĵЦ 
ɣԾšҶѲ˵֪ȡˣ־ϽһΪ׷˲˷ѹݣ˲עĵطΪǣΪעĵطȫ֤ˡ 
̫үȥ겻ɢֽС 
ġҶѲ˵Ӧų򣬲׸ 
ľˣԾɫһȳһȳ̤⣬˫Ҳסߣʹ 
Ҷ̺죬˵ˣӦų򡣡Ծ˵Ȼ˲𣬾ȻҡǾ̳Ͻ£Ȼ˲żüá 
Һദãӵùҵ£Ҷ̺ԵɷһҾϳ㡣 
ŮܱϸĶСҲһ꣬ҲϳıĿ 
û뵽ҿĵϸ 
ûУĵҶ̺죬Һúڡ 
ʲô 
ڲȰ棬ݻɽ޼ɱģڵ졣 
ȷˡ 
Ҷ̺죬Ƿһ顣 
𣿡Ҷ̺죬ЦŮˣĳ 
Ѿ̹ˡҶ̺죬Ӧҡ 
Ҷ̺Ӳѳŵһ£ֻ䱿ҵݵλ˵ôܿѽһ·ҲҶЩǸ⣬Ҳ㶯֡ 
лкñġλ 
ײϺ겻ɢ˵ɣӻ̳̳ǡλͬʱ֪½ðǵ£ҵ˱̵ӴϢ̳ҴǱӦΪʶĸˣԡ 
ԣҵˡԣд֪ͨ쵰˵ҾԾţ¶ֵļǺţͬʱðϮ 
ף㡭֪㡭Ҷ̺һ 
Ůˣ·ϵʬ߽쿴֮ǰҲģʹȷǸˡԾһͦֽţһ䣬üᶨͻɱ֣Ҳ˲ңʱ̫˰ɣ 
˫һְ֣겻ɢöϻڡײϵ֦Ҷ̺ö룬ְ׳ 
Ҷ̺ɫұ䣬Ȼˡ 
Զ 
һҰ˷صĵ̡˷֪԰˵룬ɱ⡣ 
겻ɢһ̡ 
ײЦһҲԪ˧ĵ̣˭ҽ룬Ҫ 
ڴˡ߳һרչ»ꡣ겻ɢҵġ 
Ӧǡðסķ 
λûУֿտա 
ײһ˫˵ĹۣסΧķĸˡ 
ǣʲôӦ񣿡ײϵмվǶһ顣ҶѲ죬˵һðײϣ 
Ӧʱװ磬ȷˣһȺ˽С졣 
ٳһЦҶѲսͽǣӲµײϣְõԸңԼ˵ö֪㼱ڽͶҲòżææƴѽĻ򣡡 
Ҷ̺֪Ӧµĳ̶Σħȴ֪ײϱŭÿҪˣһŭ͵ȥһͷıơٶȣѾﵽļޣգۼˡ 
˲䣬ǹƵ 
ײͻϮľɱţ书ˣһеģԷΪȭŹȴûϵڽͬһɲǣѾַǹУȭŻ򵶽ڽʱʮգ⧲ʱ޷мܡ 
ǧһͷǹǰήɵҽҲʯɲǼ䣬һǡгϵҪͬʱ 
ײһƺɲסŲղ˳ƣֱ⣬͵βһ 
ޡϽкԼǹסˣȻˤڵ 
һվԭϵĳ̬УƺղŲδκαŤͷײǻ 
ڣֵˡŴָ겻ɢսӲ࣬Ӳָ겻ţҶ෽Ľϣҧ󡣵Ȼҵң档 
㡭겻ɢȴһָȶôʲôɱɱֵģ 
ðЦЦɱֻ򣬻õʹðǹȴðַµġһţкҪҪǲţȥ鿴ɲҪҲ²⣬ƻ˵ҪģϾǸ𽭺ĳҥſڿӵš 
겻ɢһûֵù˵ûϵİϹȴƵģƤĻᡣԸԸڵģҲɵɱ㣬㲻ӢЩ𣿡 
겻ɢһѣе³ 
ҶѲ졣վһ෢Ҷ̺˵Ψһ·գҲɱһ· 
һգ޹ءҶ̺һս˵ 
ʲô㡭 
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ÿԼˡҪͶ±԰ɣαٳǿأһֻϣȻһͷʨǿǲڸϾɱġ 
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겻ɢе̣ͻȻƵĵҲǰ룬̹Ҷ̺ߣظߡ 
˲䣬ԾſΣͬʱ˶ϡ 
Ծŵŭ׿ 
ˣѹҶ̺ڡ 
Ծŵ˫צͬʱ겻ɢԴԴצѡ 
겻ɢ´쵹Ҷ̺Ĵˣڸһ㡣 
ԾˣɫȻһ˫Ѫ졣 
̿Υɻڳ鴤Ҷ̺Ȼ˵ұǸ㣬ѾΪβڰ½Զ߸߷ɣ 
ĵܣҪԼⲻĴȻ˵ܰĿƣҲ᲻÷еλע˽Ľ֣ǰʬ˰ɣ 
ʬ壬ҪԾһǲԶǾڴ˵طְɡ 
㡭 
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⡭Ҳáͷͬ⡣ 
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Ҷ̺ڽеλߣأ⳵˹ľ˻غᡣ 
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Щ˽еڼ䣬һλԺÿͣǡòڼڵСС 
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ãã˺׷Ѱ׷ѰӦĶ䡣 
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ʮˣҲڰ׷鱨Ӧĵϸû˳ɹÿӦ¶ʱҲʩбӦ׶Σ᰸ʧ٣ŷ˽˿գѰ 
Ҷ̺ħ֮ǾǱӦնذ½̳֮ǴӺߵġ 
λÿͣƾ˺ϡ 



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ε֪ݴҲΪأһ˵ٵĵط֪ˣͲΪݷģأҲûش˻ 
˴Ҷףʵõľ˶Ϊ̫ƽطȻûش˻ط϶ٻᷢһЩ⡣ 
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ǣݶ˵ʮְȫʮź¡ 
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ڵѪ֪;˵ز֪ڿ͵Ȼצ䣬ʳѺⷵ˷ 
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˫һλź򽪴ү֮һ죬ۣ߷ֱڴֵɡ 
æϲߣһò衣 
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ȲܲͷԼ˵ġү˵ׯеС鷳ܣܲͷƺġҪˣ 
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˵׶ԸֻҪܿͿԼӵҲͷ 
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أ 
ͬʱֽУүõĿ֮һ˵˼ãҪѹݲóɸƵ࣬ȫ׵ĵ̡ݷƵ 
ѽܵж׹ݶúܣҹѲߣӶץסͿԴ飬ǵطţ 
ϷĹҲ޷Ĺӿѽߡ 



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ҲǽơĹڵأǣȻ޻̸֮ 
ǷϳǺͱǣţϳǵܽǵǣһССĻǡ 
ǻεһ֧׳СƺӡӴ̳ǵĴɽϣϳǵۻأϡǵĽ䣬ٱ֮ۡ䣬һŻ 
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ռ㣬Ϊ١ǩѺ֡ͱ巿һЩƽʱһδʱ֣ţΨһæµĵطǲ 
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ֻ飬λμӣı۰İ참רңеĺ֡ 
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ֽ͵ЩһᷭҳѹסԱۿ 
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ڣ֪ĿǰĴ˰ɣŮѪԧȻſɰЦݡ 



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¥ڹ󷽣վ¥ϵɹ̨Կȫ 
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ڳڳ⣬û˸ڹǰͻٶʶˣܿܰһٺᣬͷҲд˿ܡ 
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䣬¥ϵ鷿ڱ飬͸ҹԶͿԿüС¥ 
ҹȻ˯⡣¥סһλͣһ˾긺ɨСѾͷǶѾȻΡ 
Ӧ࣬ڳҲвżͨϰ졣 
ĩٹη磬ºͣ׳˵ģҹ䴩һ±Ѳк⡣ 
Ȼҡҡ 
ǵ˽֪书湤Ļ书ˣЩȭȡ 
ˣҲ֪лȭȣϲһЩôС˵Ц׼Ļӡ 
էէͣ󲻾ҵĹַùŹ֡һֹȻ 
ҡҡУٿȻϢ 
鷿һϢֲָֻ 
ףͻȻ 
΢Ϣ־ĴڴҲ״ϢأȻ˴оȣŪϢġ 
оӦΪˣŻڷ־ʱϢԱ 
ǹ⣬͸ƣɿһߴӰѾ봰վڴ̨ǰ 
ӰߴһϮ۳ѥ棬ɫĸ߶ƽͷñгߵס 
޳ȷһ޳ 
һըҡһðų߸ľߴ鰸ǰ¥ȼա 
̹⣬ӳð޳׸ΪɲΪµѪ쳤ҲΪɫˡ 
޳ֵëȻָ߾ŰɫĹ˸Žйâ 
ʱѵ޳˵ĹɤţϳС 





       ǣ١ ԭڻԣƾʧˡ 
鷿Ǳϵģţ˳ȥٰϡôΨһĳ·ˡ 
޳һͶסʹ˫Ҳɲȥɳȥܲ޳֡ 
ûطԲˣҲ㲻סˣ˾ǲˡ 
ף޳ڶη 
ô洫һ˵ 
˲ˡ޳Ťͷ˵ 
ӳ鷿ˣ 
ܣ鷿ŵġ 
ˣ 
ûеطأһĿȻҲûط㡣޳оȣ˳𣿡 
ϻ㲻ӭס𣿡 
£Сӻѭɣ 
ӰһƮ롣 
һ޳޳ģīлСᦣпɥ 
ҿ޳˵Խ޳ûˡ 
ڴ̹⣬¥岢δŻȼգռ׻ζ 
Ҳڷϻûˡ޳༥ 
˷ڴ˵ء 
ŪϢģд޳˵ʱ಻ס鶯״ɲϢ˲䣬ʧСӵˣ㶮 
ȥĺ˵˵޳ƿڴ봰ڴϷʲô÷𣿡 
ԣûھɵͣҲڹ䡣ϺڣСйϴ 
˵ϻ޳˵ܴӰӵˣϰףѣһ¥ϡ 
žһ죬޳ĸñͻȻµ 
ࡣ޳ֽͬУٿȻתлᦸĥԡ 
Ӱޣ֪ʲôջ˺ԡ 
޳Ӧܿ죬ñһܽ䱸Ϯ 
ߣй޳ͽУ󿪵ҴҷԾ 
޳ҲзëԼٲ׼ҡ߶ñҲˣͷǰź󣬷β¥ƮṦšߴƺʧȥ 
ӴƮ߽࣬գۼƮʵء 
޳һɲŵأ̧ͷ㿴ǰ治ɵĻԣվһֽ뼰ĺˣһü 
੡˵Ц䣺޳ҰϹȱȿ˭ĵиߡ 
ף޳ǲ˵ģǼٹ򣡡Ϲ˵ʹο켫˵üһɲǹһǺɨǧ绢ʮ㣬񲻿ɵ 
ɥҲǹ޳ȡɣ붨ȥӲɨü 
žʵ 
޳ȡȻܲˣбһ˴Ʈ⡣ 
޳ĹǡЮ׶赲Ϲ׷Ϯ޳ֵҲ̡ϥǻ 
ϹͻȻŤǰգüɨžһа޳ֹǡ 
ֹӦۣ޳һηݶԶ⣬˫𣬹һӣ˫ϥۣһմأٴηԾ 
Ϻڣ޳Ծ⼱С 
޳зëղŽӹʱؾıȻϹһɣʾԼھٱȶԷһһ޳Զ˫ǰȰ޳䣬һɲӣ켫 
Ϲ޳Զ˫ŵľһʧȥ׷Ļᣬʰ޳ĶϽһɻȻʧЦԭһ˫ľţΡ 
ѹһߵףԭˡ̧һ˫ľţЩǺ·ΪҹꣿϧӵˡҵĹûдݼл·ҵСˡ 
кü޳ºŵˣакڣЩЩⷽȥ飬ҲҳһЩδԷ֮ǰ治֡ 
Ծ¥봰𵶻ʯȡϵİߺͼ룬ϸ쿴޳ľš߶޳ñźۡ 
һҹûκζ޳ǰɧţƺԷ֪Ѷˡ 
λŹӣ֮һүĴӽԪҲ֮һĹ֮佻鲻 
콪Ԫǰòϵİʺ˳Լ˳㵽ʯҹرȥһλܽһۡ 
ǵǸֻһɽһԡɽڳǶ߰ʮѿڸԡ˳ɽʵȴһĸѡţǿԭµģ˭ֲ磬ΪķһЩʣ 
ƥӱǵųǣС۶¥ɽĴ 
ԵĻ൱ۿԪҲԪλҡ£Ӽ汣൱ 
ĵĽҰɫ续ϣɣһƬ̣ɽﻨ㣬ɽɽĽҰݳȷǳĺȥ 
ɽһСͨ߰ʯҹرνĹٵפɽɽ²ݳɫز˻ΧһũׯӥҰзݰ£һƽͼôҲκɱס 
Сţ¡Ԫ򶫱ƽһָת߲ݣСϪֱʯҹرܼҿԸšȫʮңĽд⡣СԣҪҪͷߣ 
ͷߣǴǰĸ߸Էֵо˼·ȣ˭ȵִʯҹرһǳӵǣʾĺõطСճڣɽɽһҰӥõֳ 
һߺˡſ˵ 
Ϊʲô·˼Ŀе٩ζ 
ղ̫ԡԲЦЦڳܿǱһЩģĻϲˣСΪϣһ߶Ҳ໥չˡ 
ӵӲ 
ӴˣĻҪü˵ĹУǵһˡ 
ٶӽͣһһߺҳ۳Ƚ߲سб¡ 
Ԫ۳һɫƥ󼱸ϡ 
ƥĽԶ٣м׷ɣ첻ԽҰ£򶫡 
ãһ¹ǰһ֣ƥմֶ롣 
಻һӰ̴װͷһ֪Ůʿ 





       ͬãŮͬãԪƺһһߺȣζԽԡ ǰӰ߲Ϊۡ 
Ҳӱ׷棬ֻСۺ 
۽ֵ֣סߣǰĽԪѾˣֵǰҲ 
һ˫һУɳ۶׷ 
ǰԵĲƺУƥɢ巽˷ڲƺСмǽԪһλŮɣȫעλȡֹĿš 
һλСЩʮδʵһƤޣһԼҡ£ƤӣС΢Ц 
ҡˣü죬һ⣬һż 
ԷϵһԾµء 
һͽӡСм˵һָվһԼʶʶҪצ͵ýѵ㡣 
Сȱ򡣡ЦЦôͱϵͽˣǺǣ֪ʲôеͽӣ 
ƤЦƤӷСúܡСҸ⡣ 
סҿһʶЩϾʲô¡ 
Сﲻעͬϡ 
ԪѾȭƣ˫ľ죬ñ㽫ಫˡ 
ϡԪƺռϷ磬˵ı͸ߴ󣬷ŭɫȻѿѿԷԵڡ 
෴أŮɴƵķۼԣӿǳǳУԵ첻ŭ 
ɵˣͨǾбʤĵһ 
һ߳ԪץסĻˣּ̽ŮɵҼ磬бŮɵϥֽٶʮ־ˣҲΪ 
ŮŤбתһ˫Өһ½Ϲ·֣ʯ 
ģצӣһ֡ 
棬Ԫһ߿գȴָѥѥͳԵƺǴƵָ൱ˣһ֮£ѥͳ졣 
ѽԪУղб⣬һˤڲݴУ˸ͷ 
ָֹǣܿƤ 
㣬򾫴ָڳȲɣָһľٽʯҲɷɰ˳ߡ 
мҷޡŮȻһЦЦҡ 
һ˵СЦúöˣ 
ЦݶˣҲˣװڵ߱¶¡ϸ˼һ˫ƻ˵ 
ɵˣֻеȻ 
ŮɵЦݣͻȻסˣ£ϼգл÷صĹʣͷһЦתˣرĿ⡣ 
ιͽӿɶĿԵĸ󷢽޺һǰ 
һһ 
ϧһһ죺ǡǻˣ˭˭ 
㲻ǲǣСͱˡ 
ʵλӵȭţͱ¸࣬ˣһܲ 
ˡ 
һ򲻻ڲԶŭĿӵĽԪҪɣûͷҪģλС顭 
˵ʲôλСַˣ㽲㲻ģʲô飿 
ݹݹ֡ȷõòԡԼҲ̲סЦˣ˽Ԫߣ 
֣ҿһͻ˼ˣһᣬûɣ 
ˣֻһͷҰùԪ˵ΨСŮҲ 
ˣɧ 
ҲȥˡԪⰰȥ֪ͨһǸپۡ 
ǷӦԲˡλҲϣﳤȥ 
λѾǣԼվڲԶԵıӰ̸ 
ңֵܼġŮɵ˵ŭԺͲ˵ˣһţŪɳ׾ 
ҲСȻԾԾԣ򲻳ʶҲǻأ 
ҪԼˡŮ˵ˡ 
ҿǶġ 
ʲôŮüһͣǼһһŮˡ 
㡭 
Ůɲǣⰰ 
˵СˡСɭɭ˵ҪΪ㲻ɣԸַӵܣʤζ࣬ߣ 
ŮһЦ򶫳ȥ 
Ѿ۳⣬ʯҹرȥҲ֪λں棬ֵסߡΡ 
۳أСϪ࣬ϪһߣҰݷï 
һƥȫϪߺˮϪԵһ£ͻȻתһֳŶ̡ 
ྡྷװһ˫ɽ۵ˡ 
ƤĺɫңһֻѪͼ 
ļ鶯ҲʾڰףѪɫԴҾ߻ΡͼСͿҵֺͼ 
ǣңȴбպѪȡ 
ѪðϴĲɱ֡ٴİϸСİɱƷڽϺʮ꣬Ʈ޶ʮѣȴͻȻߡ˭ҪǲҳΪĿ꣬ôҲ㲻ע˱Ķˡ 
һɫ˿䡣˵Ŀǰݵλ˵֪ѪǺ 
Сۣ첻 
Ѫ뿪˴ضסȥ· 
ɽ۽Ѫɢɭɱĵһĵ 
ƫƣӲ෽ƹͼΪԡ 
ѪҲ·ͼҲΪԡ 
Сѣ̸̸Ѫ˵ˣҲɭޱȡ 
̸ʲôأס֪Ѳ·ضһӲѰϮڱС 
ԣĹ֮һûɣѪЦʡɽпκɫ仯ɱֵ۾Զй©˼жܡ 





       [׼ȫ꣬Ҫд±ˣⱾ˺ܾˣֻԼûѡ] ֣ôʶңذⰰ 
Ƿʶ㲢ҪѪⱧ˰£׼ʮӣ׼֣ͳɹһ롣 
˺ɵǣô֪ڴ˵ػȵõҡ 
һҲ֣ЩӸһ֡ 
кιɣ 
һҪ¡ 
˵˵Ŷµմѽ 
˼ʹͨգҲǼٵġ 
ΪҪüأ˵ǡ 
֮У֮¡ 
˵ԭ򡭡 
°£Ӳԭ򡣡 
˫˵ϣҳԭ 
һҳԭġԵĿģ£ϣףʲô뵽ԼҲͬĽڣҪ˵ɣ 
ҪѪ˵ 
Ŷԭˡʵ֪ˣֻǲ˭ỨܸߵĴۣɱԸλɱֵļǺܸߵġ 
еȵǣѪôѸ٣ħ֮ˡ޳ҹϮҹѵ˵ɱˣ 
ѹ֣ݼд 
ƺûеȣҲأѪ񷴶ееˣ룬һ֪ʲôˣ֪壬֮顣 
ŶһԸ뷨 
𣿡 
ǵġһ֪ʲôˣȴ֪Ǻ· 
ģ 
Ѫ޴ϣеѪðպ֪ܺǲðյģ 
Ѫɫһ䣬ǰ˫ַˡ 
üһɰϽɱˣˡߣʲô˵ţ 
 
ʲô 
רɨ˵벻ʮˮת˾ȻˡѪӦ֪˭ˡɱ 
Ѫ˵ò֪塣 
ҵǣѪ֪Ե˭ˣ֪壬弴סȶ֣ΪǿͻȻ˫âƿնɣöϻ궤ѻط׶ƿյХԷۡ 
ҲһСһͬʱöƵУֻͨһö͹ˡ 
ԵɱֳڣͷƺһƤƽڵϣϥҰȫס䲻ݷıϿպХʹ֮һɲǣض 
͵ͬʱеѽ͵ŤƣȫХȰеХ̶ȥƻһ 
šѪһٸĺˣ˫һСõ˼ö 
ֱι뵤Ҫֱ͸ߡ 
ԷԾһ 
ѪţȻγḹޣμΣŤˤѪȪ㣬ǰĴ 
˭ģ԰סԷĴڴʡ 
ҡҡ 
˭ 
ҡѪѪ 
Ѫʲô 
ѪһһɽôأҪͻ⣬ŴҲвˡŻһɣʼ鴤Ϣ 
µһɱ֣һϣ湻ҡ 
ԽʬһӣѪȡһרд̵Сذף׵̤Ϲ;ǰʯҹرܽˡ 
֪ѵ˼عͷԷµɱԸǵ¼ſµıϿ 
ѼҪѰʱˡ 
ɳۣ۵糸߲ݣţ 
ХǰСԺ񾪷ɡ 
ģбҪƳµѳޡסڷǵĻ·ػƲǳǿʤʱ˵ 
µ׵Сӭ 
¶Ҳбض 
ұŪһڣԼС 
¾ͲҪ£Щ˵ĳ֣׳־Ǹǻǻ㲻һҧб塣 
ûбУղŴѪϣõһѳ߳ذףʮöط׶һַʱβ⣬߻λŰмҾͲʹáмңʮö 
һ׷ɽҰ׷գ㳭ۣͽʼ޷ס 
ڣƥס 
Ծֱһƽ̹¶ȥ 
Ҫ׷󾯸档Ťͷ׳ȣ²ϣǡ 
ʿԺڽ棬ó²׷ 
¶׷ƥһƥںʮҡ 
ͻȻתףҰػͷб£գۼ˫䲻ô¶Գûлأο׷ãѺĵɾȻԿ硣 
򣡡߳öط׶Ϯʿ 
Էȴĸˣͬʱ䰵 
ԶԼĵʿ˴ݺ󷢰Ļᣬ̫ԶЩľ˶ˡ 
˾ͬʱңб࣬˸һ塣 
ֱظе͵һ𣬱֪Ҫ㣬ˡ 
˲䣬۽Ƴ׹ 
ϣбɶһˤ⣬һԾӶߡ 
ƥβ׷ᣬƥɢˡ׹ʿҵˤòᣬҲĻط׶ 
ٲһַ֣ӡһðԷһʰǡ 
ѾˣÿԼȡ 
յԵڳһƥǱŮɣ˫ĬĬע 
Ůİ󣺡αغƴأҴߡ 





       еһȣȻŮɵöħƺ Ťͷʿѵʮڡ 
ǵˣϲǵġŮߴ١ 
ǣ˵úء 
ŮɵЦݣҲвɿܵħ 
ԱŮɱкøУٷλСﲢڳɼŮȥ 
Ůİʾ⣬ۼպϼֵ֣صһЦЦ鶯˼ˡ 
˵ллһԾϡ 
Ůһ֣ͻȻ֣ܵܵסŮɵС 
Ů˵ò˵ﾫߣ׷ϾĽãˡ 
˺ǴŮɻ¡ǲǸеڣ 
ҴġЦЦȴľҡλŮأ 
Ȼسˡ 
лл뿪վԡʹգﲻǱˡ 
׿Сƣ¬˵λŮ飬ҵ׿ͮơ̽ģסһʱգ 
ŭ绪Ǵ˼ҵǧҲǱǵĺ˼ҡ 
෴ 
ʲô෴ 
ұһˣ̱ļҾܲã˵һ糾Ҽһ®˼ңҸ𡣡 
ǡ 
հС 
Ŷ 
ô 
ԭ޵ˣǱо˷ЦЦ˷ѾǽˣƽĶۣǸӢ 
Ŷүʶ 
Щ飬ֻûҹЩˣЩѡ괨ƳĶڱ˼ңһٸ°£㣮һҵģ飬ͽӵѾȥˡȥ˵ 
ҡҿû˵ǵͽӡ׿תͷһۣӺ𥣺òűףǲǣ 
Ǳף˵ʵ̹Ȼ˵ѹ֪㲻˽ԷΪˣòҪѣϻѿܿԼ 
ڱ𣿡 
֡иʽѣǺǻ 
һҲеˣղЩôһ£ 
һȥ飬ñɲôһˡɱң˺ֲܶ࣬ܵġ׿ѽ£뼰뿪ݣϻ®ѳǷ֮ء 
һ̽׵ˣ˭?ңҲµˣҲ뿪ү㲻һ֮𣿡׿СֻͷעΪҵ书ó 
˲𣬵 
ҪƱֺѽ 
ֺȻʡ 
ѽ㲻ΪѾΪǱĿ꣬ɴӱܣűѽ 
Ǻǣ׿Цλ˵󷽶һɵĹеͶøӡ 
ǵģԱңҲ԰ѽ˫ӣǲǣ 
ӰԵ£Ϊһ˽İҲϽⳡɱı 
׿һ跨ܵġ 
Ŷ㡭Ĺ𣿡 
١쵽ٵˣҵ 
ףûŮϳ˵ģǣأδ̫ˣ׿Сƴ󷽵˵һƵЦ 
̸̸˵˵ùٵ 
ɽѾУĶٵһϳɼ 
ԶԶأٵԵ·С߱ܣЪš 
һ̽׵ˣ˭?ңҲµˣҲ뿪ү㲻һ֮𣿡׿СֻͷעΪҵ书ó 
˲𣬵 
ҪƱֺѽ 
ֺȻʡ 
ѽ㲻ΪѾΪǱĿ꣬ɴӱܣűѽ 
Ǻǣ׿Цλ˵󷽶һɵĹеͶøӡ 
ǵģԱңҲ԰ѽ˫ӣǲǣ 
ӰԵ£Ϊһ˽İҲϽⳡɱı 
׿һ跨ܵġ 
Ŷ㡭Ĺ𣿡 
١쵽ٵˣҵ 
ףûŮϳ˵ģǣأδ̫ˣ׿Сƴ󷽵˵һƵЦ 
̸̸˵˵ùٵ 
ɽѾУĶٵһϳɼ 
ԶԶأٵԵ·С߱ܣЪšͤ˨׮ϵ 
·ԵСʳ¡˵ҲЩֵˣòҪһȥ 
Ъͤǰһƥ㣬СͮƵأ׿Եе㽹˫һһſ㿪ʼɽ±ۡ 
λΪ׿ͮƣʵδǣһֱԶԵľٶԺϳһƥ뿪֮ſӱ޳ߡ 
ЪͤеڿˣͤСʳ꣬ƼһЩЬ𵶻ʯʵĵꡣ 
ͤԼ׮ϵŲһС꣬Ըǰϵĵһ衣ռһƷɫ磬ǵΪ˿ڿʶȲġ 
ٵò࣬ʱλͽÿͻҲż򿴵һ·ˣһ̿ͳĴ󳵡 
ã糾ˣ಼ֳִÿͣժͷϵĿñռһͷ 
С硣һλÿͽж£ڽʣݻжԶ 
ү̨Ļﱰǫػش𣺡߰͹ٺȺЪЪţٴ·ʱ͵ˣλ͹١ 
ҪƣҪ衣һλÿ˵գҪͷмζ¾Ʋˣ⸬顢±ɡ 
õģСͷԸ͹׼һ裬һӦ 
׿ͮƽƳÿһֽۣ豭ǰһȦٽ޴ĳҲࡣ 
һλÿһڽһں¡ 
֮˫κξٶע⡣ 
šſڳһλ˰ٽµ껨ӣֵһľ򹷹µŰٱǬ 
껨Ӻܹأ괥ҵͷվźˮѹӦĲˮ 
ЪͤڡһλͷѾ߰ףƵѾ˻ɫв米ڲ˷𳾣µһֻСߵϣһľĳмɷš 
ãõãһƥ첻ӽЪͤʿһλĺɫСӣٳȳƣһ˫ѥƤһѳ߶ذסгԹų 
ֻһۣ֪һʵͷ׾ݺĽˡ 



еһȣȻŮɵ

       СǴӳģضǶڸ·׼·ÿͣӦòڴ˵Ъפġ ǣЪͤеϵ͵ڵ껨ˣһͻȻڵǰסذⰰڵ˨˨ 
껨ƳСһۣҲСذһۣ㲻ᣬĳľˡ 
Сͷϴ˶¶խСñҲȡ£ޣЦ̤á 
͹࣬ǰкҪЩʲô͹ҪҪù 
ͺáС˵һڷǻٻǹ棺жûֵǮǰѽҲֵʮӡ 
ԺС͹ò衣 
лл 
軹ûСӾס̩ȻȲ׿ͮƹ 
۾źܲòǻ˺׿ͮһͽӡ 
Ŀ̫ɶ񡣡ͮһϣüһˣдŹۿʲô 
µĴѽСаЦʳ֮꣬ͥ䣬˵ҿ㡣㲻ңô֪ҿ㣿δ̫Ե˰ɣ 
׿ͮܵòȻվҪˡ 
Ϣŭ֮һæȰ⣺ΪȣΪЩСλĿ͹٣Ҳ˵Ҫ̺òã 
߿ֽͮﲦüԲ׵طСӽӽ 
ࡣĸ𣿡С˿òҲߵʶ𣺡ҲʲôϷˣʲô飬ʲôǣɲҪҡ 
Щʲô˼׿ͮһ 
ûʲô˼ֻǱµС̩Ȼ˵мֺӦΪͲκҰ˷ˣ˵ù˰ɣ 
Сһһ̳Ŀӵܣ򡣡 
ֲǺڵ죬ʲô򣿡 
š 
㲻Сˣûлôºšˣƾҵġ 
ƾСĿ̬ȣȻ쵽ţͻʰʰˡ 
ƮƮذСؿڡ 
Сȱ£һָͷġ 
Хէ޽ųˡʵձ޳޲ɱУҪһ޳Сľأɽӳϡ 
СһХӱǰһţڵſڵ¡ 
棬СֽУô˵ҵþߡ 
ŵڵ׿ͮ˵ȴĶ 
껨ȴĮȻע 
ЪͤڵϵҲһޱ顣 
׿ͮƱҪ׷ȴȾƵÿ֮һдʽ 
ӵúܿ졣ΪԼ̨£澯Ҳˣñʰ㡣 
ãڡС˻ߣҡڳ 
껨˿ƺ¡ 
Ъͤеϵ۹۱ǡģƺڴ붨 
ССۣ۾ӿơ 
¡ΪβأйŹ֣ҵÿڹݣڸʲô 
õãȥԶ 
׿Сѵ˰⡣ 
Ъͤеϵڵ껨ӣƺڴ˯ȻͿԽҰһ 
ٵ۽š 
ڴһ߳ȻɳųʣˤĿյء 
˿ЦС 
δֱͣǰ 
λڷˡ˵Ʈ 
ӰһԾÿеһץסñýݣѸԾյء 
СøÿֽУүҪúýѵ㡣 
׿ͮһԾδѹÿ͵ͷ 
žžž޼ͬһ˲乥ñȫסˡ 
ƵñȻӲޣҲȻܶˣܰ㻤סȫЧصסеĹÿϮȻ⡣ 
ÿͿ˵ڲ֮أռ˱ˣɫȡ֡ϥһǳɿʯһȱһȷΪ仯Ī⣬׿ͮȵ÷⡣ 
㣡ÿͿЦŴţӰθϣñһǰѹ 



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       ҪģŪůչġһÿͳڣֽС ůŵĺչģŵĴʣϷůţչıʾʹã֮˵ýϱȴʵ 
һԾҪϽӦͮơ 
סְֹǰ 
ȥȰ⡣ЦЦ˵ÿֵ֧ˣֻ˼롣עǸˡ 
ͮñѹ¡Ƶð˷ߣ޳ñ˿ãֻСɹȥѰһ̽϶Ȼãúܣÿ͵ʵѧͱ֪ƶӼˡ 
Ƭԣæңܵ 
෴ģÿͲƣèϷ𽥳õľճˡ 
ͻȻҡҡͷٲȥ 
ڵÿͺһҲٲس 
׿Сһ߳б 
Ԥһ裬һƼ졣 
ģÿͳȣһ 
ûϵÿͳʹ˾εۼˣĳѼ壬һ⣬һˤڵءٹ˳⡣ 
Դ⣬Ȼŭŭ֮»һУǹĹ֮һǸֻỨȭȵĻӡ 
ԷǧټƱڱƳıĿˡ 
һ˵ÿͣ漱Ҳ˫Ŀ 
ÿһЦеñǰƵᣬָ繳Ҫñһ֮³ˡ 
Ե˫צñԼ࣬ͻȻȣȻ͵˽ 
ء˫ǰߣñӦűѣñ룬һ˫ѥ͵ÿ͵ؿϡ 
飡ÿɵػ⣬һʹѪӿ 
ڵĻӳһٿȻ֧ 
ЪͤڵϵҲƺ 
ͦ׿ƣſڽ࣬ƺˡ 
Իͷ򼤶һÿȥӿļ¾ޱɱ 
ס֣ȣըס 
ÿͲǡñ񱩵ײ׿ͮƵؿڡ 
һһ죬ץסññܡ 
ÿŤ֣Ƶץ沿ǡˣ޴壬Լñ޿ɿܣš 
飡ÿͱ⣬Ǳ֡ 
Խñһñطһǡøÿ͵ͷϡ 
ߡϵɱʧˣǲһӺɷ򣬿ǼûŮˣûܵ𾴵Ůˡ 
ÿʵǱˤɵģֱ֮⣬δˣͷתԴ󷢣һԵŭ𣬼һȭ͹ڻ͵ǧ޴˸ɽţѧڰ˳ⷢȭȭƿײ 
ֽ㵷׿ͮб鰴бŤ̽ƷڼʱͻȻŷ˫ˡ 
ȭӿӹÿɼҲǰ壬бУҲ޷¡ 
߲Ʊÿ͵£ܸ 
ÿͱ˫ֱס߱´죬ֱˡ 
ԸϣƱ 
ҪˡÿͿУҡҵߡ߹ǡ 
߹ǶϲˡԼʱЦЦĻúʵԿٽػһ֮˵ָ⣬һȻٽ㽫ʹ졣 
㡭Сӡ 
ҽԣݳǴֻҪ㰴ֹһؽӴġ 
ãǺ󡭡ڡ 
߰ɡ׿ͮкתԶ׿ȥɣ˵ 
Ȼƹһֱ˿ţнǡ 
;׿ͮƲں棬ʱ񣬶ıӰ 
Ե鷿ǽأλźҲ룬͸Ѿͷ¥ 
عС¥Ѿǽʱ֡鷿ĬĬعдССֽдϸСһ֣ݿѱ¶ͼѷԮ 
ֱֽƵСƤܣȻڳ˼ 
ԮŴѪȷ磬дҪǷƹƴˣ 
һѰ޵ˣҲбɱΣա 
ѪѪɱ֣¶꣬ǸȺģصȵģˣ󡭡 
֣ѪȻԸ֮ǰһȰĿĵϸһŻᰲֵķʽʱѪɱڽܼ˴Ϊţǣƺλɱֶŵģкܶڲ߻ 
ôһɱǱڹݸˣǵĿʲô 
ܳΪĿ꣬Ѿ¶ˡ 
Ҳһɱ֣һˡ 
Ѫɱ֣Ѫһ͵ɱȫͬ־ͬϵѣӲӪΪĿꡣ 
ԷѾ֪ݵϸΪΡ 



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       ԷѾ֪ݵϸΪβֱӰлֹȻԷûΪУɲһĻӡ Ѫɱ˵ļߵúܣһӣѪأɱı衣 
ƶӣȼüһӦ˵ġ 
һҧȥ 
ͷϣ˲ϵؼĹҪִԱ⣬ֻܿԵ龰ûעոӵĻʱŸ봫Ųձ飬ȻʹǧʷֻڳĴŲиʹλС鷳úܣר˸ᣬרϷϾ죻Яжĸʹ֮ܶཫ˧ӲӣͨŵЧҲȷܲѽѣǳصĸǻģиߴϾȻųȥͻزˡˣø֪ͨΪޡ 
ڽʳǰòһ 
˷ϯ豾լʱ֣λлԮ֮£ 
ܲȥ 
׿ƹЦòټλĳ嶯 
һ飬׿ĿУӡӣس飬һĵŮ˴ˡ 
δʱ֣ͽ˳ǡ 
бĹ֮һԡһǮ˹ÿԶ 
סһɫһϮ°˿ۣ塣кɰٷţ·Уѹӵķ绪šһЩ޵ءЩд޹Ůּ̩ɽ˵𣬼ĪڿԹ 
ýǼʱܻҪ¸ؼ棬м֮ۡ 
ȷҲܣִ˲ƣ 
˭ҲûϵȻһĹﶯ飬λıף˷ͬˡصĽ˷£һȥڱǵλ½Ҫһǧɡ 
վʮֽֿڣٺѲͬˣ̬ȴŵĸı䡣 
ססȥ· 
ԣһ˵ٶĳƺҲıˣٳӻȵؽСԣЩҪ㡣 
Ŷͷͷ۵ѡ΢Ц֪̬أҪڳòãкҪ£˵ɣ 
ͽӵɽ 
Լһͬȥֵܽġ 
ɽ⣿ 
ԣ·ˣ֪ΪγҰֵûͷ 
ɱˣ 
һԤ 
ɱƽúܣм䰸˹ţǾ;ţβ 
ش٣Щ֮סٵĳͲпĺ٣ʱһ֣ׯϣԵøΪˡ 
Բͷ˵̰𣿡Ҳɫʡ 
ΪأЦ 
ΪеͷԲ塣˵ 
˵ 
ʽش㡣һһ£Ҳκμ㹷¡һŷ˵ÿһйҵ֡Ҫָɱˣԭ棬Ŀ֤ˣҪ֪׵鷢ľڱǣеλˣҪ֪ݴ˷ǩ̫׵¡ͷȥһٴǩң㡣 
֪ҪЩ£˵ѡȻסȥ· 
Ҳѡ̰ҧ£ǧǧ飬ǧ֮Ȼ᲻Ϸǣˣʱ֮ң֤ѻ 
в𣿡 
в㣬Щıҵˣصľ档ɤŴúܣýϵõʲô£ǹĹעǵһһҰٱԲǿװڲˣԼΪСƽʹߣ㣬òҪЩ˵ıơֻһΣݽȥһġ 
㡭 
һ̤ˡ 
ѹ˷ɲĲӰʹʧ룬Ȼ٣޷ܣ治ʰ 
Ӧ䣬ȡʱ䣬ɱԷƵŻʧҽŲԷ鼱֮ȫעһ侲ԷеĪڸıƻȻ 
˷絽Ȼее⣬ͨݵ˸ϯֻгٵ絽ġ 
٣ҡӭ˷ǫӭͣδԶӭˡˡ 
ǰӦ֪µˣòαסػ񣺡ҲòʲôԵȷпȥõݣڱ籾Ӳѹ׸ϣԸˣǾͲòһչѧˡ׵£δ嶯Щݹ֡ 
ⲻǼ𣿡һһף֮ҪǹǡøϵΧ潫ʰŶЩ˵ӿһЩϢ 
ϣ׿Դ衣 



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       ò衣׿ֵ΢ЦұСһڳæµдܣӼ ׿ллõķȣǵ˶֪ɩڼּң˲ֲͣƽʱдˡͶɩء 
Ǻǣã㸺дǺܺ𣿡˷ƺ壺ҪӵԺ죬ϯףȥϯء 
Ƴ裬˷׷Щİͼ 
Ҳã򻹵׼дλ֣ǵ鷳úܡƹȻͬ⣺ӣԺ徲пȵԺ١ 
Ելڱǣڳ⡣ҹ֪ͣλͱҹҹһڳŹرգҹϾͨǺͳⶼȥԺͷȻٵĵط 
ûҵĴ㣬ϳвӦϵѣ޵ĵطܶࡣҲ˵㡣 
ԺԺȻһЩԣСҲɨãҲ徲ࡣ 
׿󷽣Ĺﵨ̸ӦԲӡ·裬˸̸ 
Ҫ뿪ұԵġü˵ƺĳЩʣһЩõķе硣룬ӦýȰ棬뿪®ݡ 
ǱǵӦ֪һЩӦǰ߶ŵԭڡ̹Ȼ˵̸̸һϢҲҳڣ׼ 
бΪΣеʡ 
ܣһδܲ 
췴ɱ 
δ֮ǰҺҲ²⡣췴ܣЩԻڽƵ˷ˡɱƺܣºġ 
Ĺơ 
ڲ顣 
Ŷºܽأ 
̸Ͻ׽ӰҰµԭ򡣡 
ѹֱʮֳƵת仰⡣ȻһЦͮñӡ̫ãڶȴʮ֡ʮء 
ǺǣΪǵͽˣ󡣡 
㲻ҪؾᡣʼǷۼ΢죺Ǹ۸ڶԸĹ 
ܺѽĹòˣ书ã۸ڶ󡣡 
㻹ڱؾᡣﰮذһۣ˼ 
Ѿ˵ùףһλܺõĹ 
ܺãɰţ 
㡭 
˼ԸǡʮģСѾͷѾұ˵һҪĴý®ףһԵΣ 
Ǻǣ㵹ʮΪޡڨȻһЦǽãҾȳӦ®ݼ޵Ĺﲢ࣬ͽɷ绪˼ǧǲмЩνɽ˵ġ飬뽪ӣһ˫ 
ЬϤʣ׿ͮ񻨺ɽ̡ʢĵĹƷ 
ӣ˵ƶһ˫ͮЦŽ 
ҷԵ顣λӣ˰ɣ®ݣֻ٣ɨɨһɨһλӡ 
ǺǣֵͽһɨҲһѡЦڹǰǸѵˡ 
ҴйΪ˺ͼڱܲͮƱƻã˷ǡ꽫ʮûгɼҵĴ㡣 
򴦴ģ 
һǡǸеʶĹҸɫ˵ȴǻ®ݣģýʹҪ곡ϷҪǶ㣬Ǹ۵ˣɲҪͮЮߣſתһЦ̬Բ㣬Ҿ֪жӣǵȷɲŮòһԡСõİѹָ췭ظǸΪˣúҵĹү 
ˣƵЦ 



ʮһ

       ҡͷЦֵߵδӣһ뿪ǣȻ ʵǸĻĺùЦŽһǧݸֱڿ죬ûɲҪĻˡ 
ˡͻһ⣺ýഺΣ 
ʮˣģӰ顣 
 
Щ 
ıСɫʡ 
ѽ㡭 
ǻһЦ 
 
ģü 
˵ʲô 
ֻ˶дŮˣŻұЦ 
㡭ٿȻɫƵʼ 
һһϣصİӦƱѣǰһԣˤС 
ǧСССؽСһɣʧȥ֪ 
뿪֮һ֣λԸеİĲȣһԺԺţһźӣõһҡ 
ҹİݰˡΪԼ٣Ǳףݵλĸ̩𣬿˿˵ӢλһһŮеҲһźʮͷѧõ߷ӣŮϣȻ绨̸ֹ£¶ŵĹ󸾷绪ڹߵĽǶȰţҵ˿˵ò 
ȣλİңֹ˵Ƭ̹ųҰ˻롣 
ͷΪ׵ĸ̩Цݿף̧ݣ£󲢲ǵ棬Ȼˡ 
ʴүļˣٲ£ƺ²δˡ 
ղ¡ 
ʩѹ 
ˣԸ޼ңһǣҵˣַʩѹЧʵ䷴ 
ġΪԼķ绤ٷ¯νƼʹȨ㸮ݵĺȨҲֶ񶾵ļе 
ͷԵΣкκôأִ㣬ǵ档λѧӻƺ˵ø˾ܽ˵ģ֪ݴ˺̰ٿǻỨ๤ʧȥ鿱׷֤ߵȥǨʱաһ˴ΣҲôˣ𣿡 
⡭ 
ͷǲд㣿߷ȻЦݿ䣺ǰ跨ȫɣ 
Ǻǣ֪תõͷ֪ɣ 
ң¡ 
ҾͺáѧЦˣ㿴ǸĿĺһ֮УоͰ֪ݴ˺дˣȻҲڡ֪ڴ˵ؽ˵زүǾͻɱ䣬췭ظ䶯¡˺κһصˣҲҷˣûɣ 
⡭ 
˵زүүѪԧͷҪģúøɣϣ㲻ҪΪئס 
үᡭ 
ᣬǷ΢Žǲϣˣϣµʿע⣬ɱٵ¡ƽؽݵĻҵԼΪɣҪǵİ취Ƴش棬ȻɱһλĻ飬ȻԸȻڣˡ 
¸ˡ 
СģҪҳ⡣̩͵Ĵү΢Ц棺һжǵ£㲻ϣٿʬɣ 
һʬలһˡв²ͬ⣬λҲƽеġٶ༸ͻעˣүׯķ粨˶ġһ࣬صĪؼ٣Ȼ˿ֻŵԣִ˽ʰϣλүҪ֮Ƶ̫˭ûô¸ˡ 
ԴһƬ֪ԼĴӵʲô̶ˡ 
һңһ豸ȫԷױ̨Źռ֬㡣 
ڴϣ㡣 
¿Ь࣬ɢеԲϣϸѲ飬ÿһޱ߶ˡ 
Ůרĵعϸؼ쿴 
׿ơ׿ͮƽãڸѥͳ쿴вǷпɵƷ 
ʲôûС 



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       ûκΰǣûκοСƷ׿ͮƶѥ֣ƾʲôɱѪѪʹٴСҲһ㱻ɱˡ ûκοԴݵﰵǡ׿ҡҡͷ֪ʲôʿֻżȻ۵ˡ¸ضзֻ֣ǴԶѣ鲻ʲôġ 
þͿ֪ˡ׿ͮ˵ˣɣ 
׿Ƴ˴ϵһۡһڳĬĬسˡ 
׿ͮƵױ̨ԣȥһνģЩ 
֪ѾˡСƼ΢Ц˵۹ϬҲʣϧǺֵ֪ЩԲŻд˵Ľ 
תԣЦ 
˵ҵЦĶȷпϡ˵Щϰߣ侭Сĵؿأڵʧ֮£ڲ֪¶²¿ܲܲ³ҵݵϸ 
ʹܲµУϵй˵֪꣬껪õװΪɹ룬ŪϹˣһֻһˡ 
ַӽʮþȡν׿ƣʮְֳΪϲһ͵ˣԺ˶ҵ 
ʲôˣ 
׿Ҳ׿ 
֪Ķ㣬곤߰ꡣ 
ĺõˣʱҲǲһЩӵܣûʧܹҪЭҡΪԸ񣬼ȫˣΨһƴ£ʵѧ֪Ľʮǧ㲻Ȼɹˡ 
ĺãаݣɫδ䣺ǵЩʲôˣ 
֪ԼʲôУѾ֪ˡ¼кü֯ܵˣڰ׵Уһ𣬹һˣһ׳ԼƣһԷĴΪ 
Ǽ֯УĺõֻһˣѪԧ 
ĺãһŮɢڽܻֵĿ꣬ܽѵίУıڻԺ˷ߡЩ϶Ѫԧ־żǣɵĽ˱ٹ£ӹԹԶ߻رܣΨһġ 
вٸ޲а๤Ѱλµǣ˭ҲûɹҴ˶ˣʱ϶һѪԧ־ 
Ĳ֪ǵݣ׿ͮڴڣ΢Цϵɫ仯 
֪һ𣿡װɵװס 
׿ͮƺ̬ؽ⿪½󣬴ΧͳѪԧǰΡ 
ѪԧװɵˣΪݵ˶֪ܣǸˣǿװ֪Ѫԧδװ̫̫ 
ڣ֪ˡ׿ͮѪԧ 
֡˵ 
к֣ 
ûҲƣû䱦ҲǺžӵܣû˽ѪͼңѪԧһǼٵģȻҴĿ꣬ϴˡ 
ˣ㲻Ŀꡣ 
㣡 
ҪڹݽѾнһʱա׿ͮḧӣԵࣺһֱе൱˳ص˶ǳѿ˹ٸ𡢵ͷ𡢵ǱǵӣƳڶ࣬Ѳס˵ùˣ㲻ȻͿɣ 
еס 
Ϊ׶ԸˣԲʩѹûϵ 
ûϵѲġ 
ԣҪɱڣû뵽ı۰򡣡 
Ѫǵ룿Ըҵģ 
иʽ˲ţѪ֮һǶɱ֣ʵȴǵˡڣҪ̬ȡ 
ļƻҵ̬Ⱦǣûɣ 
һ̬ȵľȨ㣬ֻ̬ԲߣҪֺ̬ȡ˳أֻǿܣǲһġ 
룬ϣұ˳ӵ̬ȡ 
ǵȻΪ˫кô˳ӣͱʾԸôѶ񲻽Դϲ 
һʲôô 



ʮ

       һҾͬˣȻҲԹȢҡԼˣӴû㡣ԵõӦеĳ͡㿴źɣֲġôϵ»ҪĴʲô ĹһЩǱĽͬݡӦطϿܷĸԤҪʱ㶥ѪݣɱҲӦõģԲԣ 
пǵʱ𣿡 
ûС׿ͮն˵Ҫ𸴣ҡ뽫ݵϸһŪʦųѽȵȣеʱ䣬Դݵءһ֤ܾأߣ 
ɱң 
һЧİ취Ҹ㣬ǿɵŮˣҲǿ˱ɱ̸֡׿Ƶͻֺâһ˱㰧Ϊֹ 
Ŷԭ˲ʯ񡣸ĳѪѪ˵һʴǣһᡣ 
㲻ҪƤд̣ͱѧϰηѱšһѣˣס̣һ죬ĹͻʧˣȻǵʬ岻˷ֵġ 
ǡɫ䡣 
˶㣬ϧĹˣ֮һϲ׿ŮˣҲ㡣ڡԸĳ̬𣿡 
Ҫʱ俼ҵĴ򶨵˵ 
ѾرˣûпǵıҪȥװ¶˵ˮɫԧΧӣر¶㣬浴ظ׳ʵţЦļˣһǳˣһʶʱˣ㲻޴÷ǰɻõĻ֣ԸⰾʹĿ̡ 
һҲоֵĴֻ̼ܵǿķŭ衣 
ѾеΪѲϵҪܵһֵȫȻİҩƣֽź޶ȵػò־Ҳ޷ƺѾܵƻ 
ȫʧȥ˷һ˺ò˶١ 
ڣйʦУϰ书Դһƣ𣿡գǼĥӣǣ̬ˣѹϣȵһŻĻ 
ΪҪЩǼɻ䡭 
˵κ¶ûмɻ䡣ǱٳĸǷк󻼡˵ɣ 
 
ʲô¶㡣ҧ˵ҿԸ㣬ʹɱңҲ˿ڣǽзǳǳֵĺ󻼣ǽµĴۣѪԧɲıΣǽо󲿷ݵѪݡδ¾޻֮ǰ뿪ݻü 
žžžžͦ׺ݵǶ⡣ 
ĶѾ⸪㣬ȻңüԲͷҪУΪһףΡ 
˵²ʵ 
ޣ³һѪˮϧµޣ²ס 
ŭæʢתָĽѨٽ˷תƸסϷλ 
Կʼ鴤ʼΣʼ 
θһθҺʼС 
²ʵвС 
̶Уȫÿڳ鶯ȫÿһͷҵգǵʹһһʹ亹罬Ϣţ 
һŻ£һθƺҲڳŤסеµŤ 
²ʵвС 
ڣʹˡ 
Ūظ乲ָ鴤øңµسͳŤţ亹졣 
ڷʹѼ˫ĿҪͻ⡣ 
вѣСС 
ҧأٴγϡ 
ڶŪȡͷϵĽΡ 
ҲͭĽա׺ݵ˵Ҳ㰾ȥҪģҪ㡭 
У׶ҪӲҪ 
ظʮΣʮ״ĴڣѪ 
λʡ 
Ūŵڳ鴤 
ȫŤӢȫʧ˹ʣʹȥס 
вС 
ûʲôеģҲöԷ⣬Ҳ£ξʹࣿ 
Էתıʮֻס 
Ҳܵζѻʮ롣ӿŭ߼Ļ𻨣 
вУвСУ˵˵ʦŵĵϸ˵ļ˵ 
˵ 
˫һֻ۰ײͫһĴʹˡ 
Ҫˣ໨һ򣬲ŽŪϣѲˡ 
Ѿһˣһ鶯ţεĲй⣬ѪŤΡ 
ˣֿʼ 
㡭ΪʲôģΪʲôġɤеˣĴ˫գġġ 
ʹԵضʯŮˡ 
ġ˻С 
ǳ鴤˼£ĿӿĮȻı顣 
Ҳʧһϣ뼤ŭУҴûʧܹҲʧܣʹҪٶͷһжҲҪй 



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       Сѥͳﲦһ˴Сذסâޱȡ ˫ǿ۾ɶ񡭡ҰؽУҪ㡭 
СذײԵۣǷˣҪǻԡɭǾ֪֮ͣ׼оǿƻļȶƻҼѡ 
һԾ´ŷſ׿ƣеСذ 
û¡ƵļУΪԴʲô˼ 
㡭 
ˡɫһ䣺İС 
㡭 
Ҹ㣬ȨңҿȫȨ 
ʧܰɣֶΡ 
ҹȥŭشС 
ãǰ׿תߡ 
âһƵļġ 
׿þתɲǼ䣬۽ƳվһӰһܵ뿪ſڣŲ䱸 
Сذ׼䲻ݷӹ׿Ƶ磬˼£˼⡣ 
âɡĺӰ 
Ӱһâ֡ 
ȻڹֺˡӰڷɽСʳԳСĺɫСӡ 
СŪŽСذףЦſ뷿š 
Ե׿ͻȻһȳΪǿСذҪֵǽ꣬ȶԸˡ 
СеСذ˳ͳӭŤֹǣ赭дݲȣǡôӭš 
һסˡһƱȻ 
Сذ׼ذ³ 
ذֹϣζ治ܡ 
ࡡУʹöˡ 
ذɱ㣬֪㻹̫ССذ˵ɱ˵ġһҲʲôˣҲò˶١ 
˵Ƭ̹öΰаԵĽΡ 
СԲƺȫע׿ϣû¡ΰһöһöСָ͵룬һֱʧȥӰɫ䣬޹ƴˣɿشױ̨ԳһѽνʣڷŻ׼ 
ʱĿ湻Ƶģ㡣ֻ˱¶Χӣ¶缫Ϊˡ 
㣡⣺㡭㲻һô 
;ۻѽСתаڵЦ˵ɧȫ˵һһԼߣȴɣ 
㡭ʶң 
·С꣬ʶ𣿡 
ڴϷŪ֪ɴȹֻˮɫ¿㡣߸ˣ㵽 
ޡ 
ض֪ҵݡ 
ǵģ㿴һ˷⣬ѾˡСᱡ㣬һҲղңֻڹѵЩʲôӺҸϣɱˡ 
һ߳ͻȻҵĹߣóؽ 
СЦһеСذ޷ַһϲĳѾ֣˳ǰһӣͻȻŷһĿѣĽ磬˼ǶؽС͵һǶ룬϶ֱ͸ġ 
ֻмемңܿеİء 
Сٶ̫ˣ϶жҲȷţȣĽһɲǹʵؿڣ߳طҲнطнǾͲ̫ 
Ů˽֣طǽСɲһ׼ɻ䣬ػ޽ɡ 
ֻңĽֻܴСأʾ̳СĽضˡ 
ƺˣߡأеһ飬ܵһԼСذױ 
Сذֿ̫پףذϸС˱ʱ޸оֱƶʱȲ鶯о 
ʹ٣ĺսʹͦƴҲòϾˡ 
Унַ 
Сĳһɲǡ 
ʧڼڻζʧ١ˣٶȱƽҪöࡣ 
ףѹܺ´δʧ硣СսЦ 
׿Ҳ˻ȥˡ 
СȽԱ̵ĽѨûµİٱңñԹϡ 



ʮ

       һȴ뿪ѨҪǷˣҲܾ㡣Կϼ磬ʹûڵء һ죬괨װƲУʧ١λҲƽײˣһ춪Ϣʧˡ 
ڳ˼Ҳʧ٣ûиע⣬²Ѳġ 
һ硣ƥƳĹ㳡λʿ糾ˣȻһҹ·ĭƣ̬ԡ 
ӵˣϲ 
ŴүáסλӢߴ׳˵ľֶѾʧ죬ɰ˼ˡүþûˣʱ򡣡 
ʲôʧˣŴүʧɫǴϢĵڡ 
磬ȥ˵λͬӢүŴүĻ£滹˸𣬹رչֹκСˡ 
ŴүүǶԵѺ򳵵ˣ²ϽУ˽Ҳ̸ 
ʧ٣̬أŴү¾ƬסԵС¥ 
趼ûȣɵ¥쿴һɽ鷿 
Ŵүƺ鷿ʮϤȡ鰸ϵİߡ˫һѹһƣһΪмǶһ糤ͭƬг̲һȮ 
鷿Ϸһͭ񣬸Լһ߰˴硣ͭƬյĽħƼˣյͷȡ¡ 
Ŵүӽյľڣȡһ߳İ׾ڰչϸعۿдӬͷС 
µĴ¼ǣŷֿɵԼµĶɵ㡣 
ļأֹǰʧٵһ죬дǣδǣ˷ۣɴ˷У̽һЩйؽǱ䱾ǵĶ˷Ʒӣܿܳ⡣ 
ˡŴүһô⣿֪ɽлƫɽ˷Ͳʲôöǳˡ 
ȥ˷죡үİСѪԸ׿ŮˣڷɽҲδֵ̫ˡ 
϶ 
磬Ȼ𡭡 
Ȼ𣬴ȥȣҶˣֻҪ˷һȫǵ˶ǡ 
⡭ 
ĸϵ֮˵Ҳɫ 
µóڰ޳˵ĵϸ𣿡 
˷ǵġߣŴүĻĿУӿɱ 
磬ǵ·ȥġү֣ص˵Ƽȣ׷飬ֶζȻﷴʩչ 
ԣƼȣŴүУضѾܼܵӣٶó˻ǣܿ·ϻŪ㡣 
ǸҸ 
һŴү϶˵ȥӦ£뿪Ľڡ 
ŴүүǶԵѺ򳵵ˣ²ϽУ˽Ҳ̸ 
ʧ٣̬أŴү¾ƬסԵС¥ 
趼ûȣɵ¥쿴һɽ鷿 
Ŵүƺ鷿ʮϤȡ鰸ϵİߡ˫һѹһƣһΪмǶһ糤ͭƬг̲һȮ 
鷿Ϸһͭ񣬸Լһ߰˴硣ͭƬյĽħƼˣյͷȡ¡ 
Ŵүӽյľڣȡһ߳İ׾ڰչϸعۿдӬͷС 
µĴ¼ǣŷֿɵԼµĶɵ㡣 
ļأֹǰʧٵһ죬дǣδǣ˷ۣɴ˷У̽һЩйؽǱ䱾ǵĶ˷Ʒӣܿܳ⡣ 
ˡŴүһô⣿֪ɽлƫɽ˷Ͳʲôöǳˡ 
ȥ˷죡үİСѪԸ׿ŮˣڷɽҲδֵ̫ˡ 
϶ 
磬Ȼ𡭡 
Ȼ𣬴ȥȣҶˣֻҪ˷һȫǵ˶ǡ 
⡭ 
ĸϵ֮˵Ҳɫ 
µóڰ޳˵ĵϸ𣿡 
˷ǵġߣŴүĻĿУӿɱ 
磬ǵ·ȥġү֣ص˵Ƽȣ׷飬ֶζȻﷴʩչ 
ԣƼȣŴүУضѾܼܵӣٶó˻ǣܿ·ϻŪ㡣 
ǸҸ 
һŴү϶˵ȥӦ£뿪Ľڡ 



ʮ

       ͨ˴®º㣬ǣǹĹٵ; ǴģڣǳǣǵĹٵ̣Ҫ졣 
ɽǳĩƳϳ˽ϡ 
裬ٵƸ˳Ǻչ;е񣬼һЩ֣߾赲׿·״ 
˸˳Ǻ⣬ǰӹͤ 
泾ﴦһƥӭ 
Ŵүȼۣ˫ñӽʮڡŴү֣·ơ 
ʿҲӢˣͷװۿһˮ 
ŴүصɤУǰ󶵽ءҪģģΨʡ 
ʿͣ· 
Ŵүү۶򱱸ϣԶ⣬תͷس塣 
һһϳۣһλϣ˫ᣬ߸· 
һһʿ¿磬ǳǽĴ񣬵ѣҲۿг 
˫ĳ۳ʮ⣬ͻȻתͷߣʿԼಽٶ𽥼ӿ죬Ҳ 
ʿͻȻšӭңɫһ䡣һɣŤͷĻʿȵٶȸһͷǰȴǰģڻʿĺ棬ɫ䡣 
ˣһǰһɳ۵Ŵүү˫ﲢۣƬ̱㵽ʮ⡣ 
ѣ׷ݽ顣ŴүôƵɤŹֽС㰰ĽɣǴġ 
ʿסŤͷعˡ 
ʿԶﴦͷ 
ѽӽڵģгԽ߾١ 
Ҫͷĸ߽Уһѹֻͬ· 
ʿһԾγеһŻһʣֻ𻷻ָһ졣 
ҿһаʲôʿŭ𣬹۱ԲƾһëӣҲ˵ִߣţҿһһɽһ 
ʮųЦؽӽ 
֪Цݿ䣺һɱ˲գ۵򣬶ееĶǺǣ·Сǿˮ嵹͸ҵ𣿡 
ǰèɣһŪĿգҿһвա 
ǳҲĲˡǺǣСͨҲû֪ϼðɣͽĺˡ 
ãġΪҪҿһΪҵĵ 
Ĳ֪ǴĿһǣȻ㣬ĵǲ͸һˡ 
ү͸һһյϣ 
׵ĵâ䣬ĵûŵ磬ӵ˵ɭɭ糹һƾѹԷ 
һЦֻƺƽʧ٣ֻĿٺӰ뵶ɽ֮ڡ 
վǰĵطǰ򽣷洵촫â⡣ 
һͷǰ濴Ҳ֮£عˡ 
վǰķأǰ򽣷洵ײƵ 
ĵøĳˡĵаЦѿؼڸģֻҲ٣Ϊ޻ء 
㡭һؽУҡ׼㡭ҵĵǰʧġ 
ԡ 
Ҫ㡭ǹ 
ԣԣǹˣ˹ǵù͸£ڴԼùͷ 
ǹ̫үҲƴˣһҧŭ𣬳ϵɨƱǰһ 
ֱ룬ٶȱȸղŸһ 
âҷɡ 
ӰٿֹԡŻأղˣֻʣ¾Ÿףֻȫʧ١ 
ĵĽ⣬ڿһſĴУҧס˽⡣ 
ûɣľŻѾ޻ˡЦ̬ɣҧʵûУ˺ˣ 
ҽţѥϿһĵ˽ȡһԽһ̤סصĿһԷתϰ 
Ǳߣʿ϶үڵء 
ĲϣǣҲˡ 
ôһ£ڰٲʡ 
˶֣ЩϡŴүһָҵط٣ 
˳ǺĻҰ֣´ࡣ 
ƥһϣµĶ̲Сһʿ˲ڵϣֽűڴеľϣá 
ѿ׾еļأ׾ݻŴү 
ô˴⣿ĲסҾٵģüýأأ򣬸ƹŸ֮ǰΪβɵ¸ƹƣż칤򣬱˲ʰˡ¸عҲ̫ܵ࣬ȴԼҲܳ©ʿڹ 
ǲδǶԷõļı̫нģȻǵĵŴүҧ˵رģԷǺ·úֶġʿڹ̫òУ϶ 
ԣ϶үһ𣺡֪ܣʿڹ⡣ 
ԣ϶󡣡Ŵү˵ 
һԻĽ 
ûмıҪ϶ٺЦвƣеϦǸ߾Ӣ֮ΪСƽͷԼУҲȻ¡ʬι棬Ǽֺβ£侲򶨼ƻ𡣲ǵ֮ǵƣҺú֡ 
һǸ׺ľ޵硣Ŀһգ̣ѪԹҽ顭 
ġһ˽⣬вͨġүЦΰٱеС֦Ը׺̵ˣһױ֤⡣ 
ľ⣿ 
ľүŵ֦ģ֪𣿲̵ˣϲŰɱԱȡ֣ԼΪŰɱȡֵˣκ˱ÿЩΪ֪龰Ŀ¡ҪľһƤһĽǼ⡣ͼݣʱرΰȡζԴãֻʹҲܲˣһһںġ 




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һ

       ںһУһҴҪʵ¡ ҲүЦЩ¼£ʿڹ¾Ͳܼ뷴ʣϵ̣ҳ©׷һԲˣ˵Ŀڹҳ©ЩΪô֤ԼˣҲҳ© 
үϣһֱڽкˣ㷢ºУٰҺòãֵϣҪɱҡ 
ŶҲֵ壿ʧʧã㡣˵ɣǱװк⣿ 
½ƹʷģ˱ӹһпΡ 
أ 
ڲֻ֪ĸܻ֮ͷϢһ죬߹ɱ𼣣ԱպԼˡ 
šүסԷĻ˵˭ 
ʵˡ 
ԡ 
֪֮ö¿Щ 
µѥͳд֪ˡ 
Ŵүæ⿪һѥİдȡѪԧ 
ѪԧŴүһ 
үһ쿴Ҳɫһ䡣 
µ˰ɣһˣԷк£Ȼ֮ѽӦ£ǵò 
Ŷ˵òǿԸıģǼλҪӲ¶ĿͼŴүպԧ֪ҲӲ¶®ɽĿֻѪԧżǡ 
ѪԧڣȺ۾һˣϽ¸ƣԸǿͷԼ˱Ϊҡλʶʱʱơ 
Ŵүᣬͦվ 
˴㣬˴ʡŴүɫأ⽫һҵƴλ͵кδ㣿 
Ц磬ʲô 
ģƹǿ 
ϵɽ𺣡ЦǷСܿɲ⡣߿ 
һô϶һѣ۴㶼ǵģκʱŵ£ôðˣ 
ĪҲü绰֮⡭ 
ֱĪġŴүЦĻôֻһ룬ȡ壿 
硭 
ҵ˼ǵƹǿӦġԴǲеʼĵһ꣬ѪԧΪϧһֱǣ֮Ҳûǳͷûɣ 
ǵģ硣 
ڲǣҵͷϣкһ㡣 
ǵģ硣 
ô֣ġ 
εһһ£һҪȫ峥 
ãǶϸ˽ơٶԲߡ 
磬Сܴˡ 
ǺǣԼû˵ԭ㡣 
δɽ˷ɽԶһÿĸΪһ飬ʮ֮࣬ǰʯҹرԶļ俪ʼơԤƴԶĵطѣһԽҪѵݳǡݳǵĶѲ޵ֻޡ 
ǣʱһ 
ʯҹرǽĹ֮һܽŪɲзϣɱܼҼλͷˣѱȫ壬ȴ׷˹˷һʱ 



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       жԱضڷɽԶһˣСǶеÿͣضߵģܴһ˸ϳ;ĸݾҽ ۿϦ£֣Ȼ޷ٳѲɽˣʮ˽ƣ롣 
ʵɽҲûʲôѵģ֡ݳԸǿ˵ĵطֻܵȻҲмéᣬûκһɵϵ޴ӵéе 
ڣµʧߣسѿɵĲڣҲ˻ڳأ 
ˣǱɽϽٵĶҪڣԱҹûĿһɽϣо׿ƹڡ 
ɽġɽϤĵطΪԣ߱ȫɽǰ׼൱ơ 
ĸСϪĲϷŪһѵ޴ÿ˷һʱҹ˳û 
ĸŮһŮһλŮˣ³죬˽ԳΪ³ƴɩǲδ޵ġ˸ˡ 
׿ƶ³ģϲòѱӡ֪³ݱߣλ³ЦĿ 
ݵλߵˣͨҹʱض³ڵĵһࡣ 
ǹʣҹ΢⡣ǹתУоĽˣԿȷʱ 
ƳڣҰ䣬вʱ䣬ҰȮǵĳơ 
³Ϫۻ˯Ƴе׿һۡ׿ĸ£Ϣ˯ú𡣱һ죬˯óҲȻ 
һߣаȴȶ 
İõͷ˯³ƺǣ޹أǣ޹ҵиˡ 
ӳһλа黻˰ࡣ 
³ѡ죬ʱڻڣһסƬ̼뻪㡣 
þãһͷèȻ 
ĲУ׿Ʋˡ 
ߣǵθӵ߲ݡ 
ڼУݴСéݣһ˫ϷڶɽֻƾҰҩҲСéݣһǿյģһ˼ȥͰˣȥ 
׿һ飬Ϣؽӽéݵ࣬һ 
л˵ͽУһ죬ڵشһ¡ 
΢ȻӹǰĴ£ϡɿӰһӶ 
㣬㻹ڰдҵ˵ĺõĸ֡ 
佱佱ƾֱҵ˵صġ 
㲻ɱ㣿 
㲻ɱңΪ֪Ȳӡ𣺡ˣ 
ˣѻ涾ͽҩġ 
ΪʲôСͻȻֿ࣬ɼ 
ҲǸӺȻСһ 
ߣҡ 
ܵġǣĳУ㺦ΪҪ㣿ѪԧצûһǺöȫЩʧ 
үɱҲδΪŻҺɫĸѴݹһǰҾ͵ŶŽҩ׼Ծȵģû뵽ᡭ 
Ҳ㡣Сܾܣ˭֪ǲǴҩ1 
㡣׿Ʋ˵Ҽҷһһš 
ˡͬԧ죿Ѫԧ̶Ҫ㲻ҲΪﵽĿĲֶΣﵽȥӵĿġ 
үҵĳ⡣ȥ𣿱ϾġȨסҵľѨõġ 
СƬ̣Ϊѡ 
ˣү 
ãҴӦ㡣СһѶ裺òľѨκʱҶɱ㡣ߣ쾮᷿ 
᷿խСľ崲ϵһϢСõ鵤ҩˣⲻ˶˻࣬һзߣҺкĵһ˫Ϸ򸾸ϣȻ 
һ綹ϵˡ 
ӡ׿ƹڴڣסļ꣺ҡҺ㡣 
ԭԭҡҡѡ 
ҡ֪ҡȻϡΪ㡭ǡһλáùҡ 
˽ҩ𣿡 
ҡ 
ԸΪֵΪ 
Ҫ˵˵ֻҡ㡣 
ӣĿǸҩ㲻̫С˵ 
֡ʧ۾עСһٴ͡Ҵ 
װɣ 
⡭ 
ү㡣׿ƹ¿ȸ̷һš 
⡭ðɣ̡Сһŵ£³ǿ׿ƵĿУ 
Ȫˮȥ 
ǱҹϿ뿪ߡ׿µڴڣһһḧԵգһǾͻ˵ˡӣһҵ㣬Ҹ㣬Ը 
׿ƷԵСһŵԿСȴһˮԿУ͵븹 
Ƭ̣Եļһǣӯӯվߡ 
úչͻȻתĨ˵ף㡣ס뿪 
ף㡭ʲôСȻʡ 
ղҷһλȻһЦ֪ģΪŮˡټˡš 
ǰһԣʼ鴤 
˷⼸ϡΣųŮˣȻΡ 
һٰȷǰλǿһٱᣬһϸƤֱˡҤķͷһ˻ҪʲôӦһŶԡ 
ǣ֮ȴĿ־塣 
Եĵ֡ԭĸСʧ٣һÿһָ֣һ书ǿ 
֪һһλȡλãЩϤ֮ҲǸóʱˡ߽֪̫ࡣ 
ڿ֮Ů˵壬ƻŮҲ͸֧֮࣬ʵأƣؽ硣 
һѸֵٵĨʺ 





       Уһѡ һ綹ٰϴϲڰǾºڰҲϲеʱ 
ůԵŮҲůǣȴһ亹еء 
ŤͷϵŮˣŮ˯úпɰЦ⣬Ө廬覵嶯˼ˣ䴲һš 
һȤҲûУһҲûУξǰĨʺĵһ亹¿ߡǣףǰݺҲסޡҲһ˾䣬˾˷Ӧ˵ġ 
ʧ̾ߵͷ 
أЩʲô 
һֲѰϢһϢ 
ǲ·ˣ߸ɴڴĨʺ 
ëȻٿȻͦ 
ȫˣˡ 
űŵģʱŴ󿪣վһˣһӢҹˣϣɫҹ£Ҽһֻ԰׵Ĺͷ״ֲ 
㡭С 
ǹҹָָϵĹͷ 
ϵŮһѣһ˿ңӦּץϵĳ 
ؼҹЦЦ˵ȹźСѥҸʱ䡣Ů˹ӣʲô¶첻ɣɱҲ첻ȣ㻹Ұء 
ȷǽʣȻǽͷŮշ˶̬ѣ 
Ϊǿɱ˵Ҫǳ䲻һ 
ҹһһһбĹĽŮһ˫Ķȣؿ䡣 
Ҫҹ̲סڴһСȡ 
飡Ůбˤ䣬ڱڸ¡֫δȫʵһ߳нƵַɳںĳȻֱҹ˵ĸ䡣 
ܽһҲ䲻⣬Ϊܣض˵ 
ҹûеһʳָЮס˵Ľ⣬ȻȻ 
ͬһ˲䡢ҹֵĽ⣬ѵסŮüǰҽź޹˼ɵ̤סŮʵء 
úܼѹ˷ǿơ 
˷ȻڴϣȻ֪ץס塣 
ǰһˣһɫڵˡ 
ңҲǹ˾Ķ֮һ˫ֲԵһĴֵָľźϽ˿ĵǲǲڴ£ó档 
ǡ˷ֵشʡ 
ſڣֳһɫŵˣһͷȡ 
Ҫô˵ȫŮȫ˷ھӵ˲ʣ쵨Ҳҹҵ¡ 
ǵס 
ȡҲҪӢЩǰҪȡ˲͵ؽУ˷ȻǹˣҲǸҡ 
ϴ󣬷˴ߴ١ 
âһź˿Ѳס˷Ĳӣһ֮£˷㱻´ 
⼸죬ӽԪһֱסڳĽҴԺΪҪԹԵشڳׯׯ֡Ǯءޡλӣöѧϰׯˡ 
һŷᣬڼӽޣԭĸֲϺˮƱ󣬸øĵҪģüӽӽһλׯر࣬ٳĲϵ廨ţԱʾһλоľмҡ 
ӰǴһҹأ뽪ׯĺׯȮҹյĳš 
ƻмԱķǰλѲҹĺº൱Ȯͼ裬ζŷ˲Ѱıƾ֪ׯİˣһͷҰȺȮš 
ĵطˣӵжһѳصĹƬ̹Զˡкη֣һЮһԻͷʡ 
ׯ˲֮͡ǰһָȺȮߺׯ˵Ǹˡ 
Ҳ֪ͨǡ 
ܵġǵ˲ǰףһ𣿡 
ˡЮͷ˿϶˵ 
һǽǺһӰĴӣ֣ͣҹǿա 





       ǶˣǹӰأɭ߰˷ֹ⡣˾Ķ֮һҰ޳޳ѡιסһ䷿ һ˵˵ 
˵Ǻ˵ͼݣһ׿ƵŮ˳̸̸ȻÿʹߣؤϹƽˡҲӦ˷˵׿ŮˣǨׯѾˣй˵ؤǰ޳޳ˣڽΪʱ޳޳ 
ѣԭҰġ 
ô˵Ϥ㡣 
˶ˣ 
˵أ 
֪ĵϸ? 
Ҳ𣿡 
֪Ǻ· 
ĺõˡѪԧţָĺõҪûɣ 
Ȼ֪ѪԧȻҰǻˣǳȫ㣬š 
Ҳ˵˾Ķ֮һ 
˵˵ǡ 
ʲôԲԣ˾иʽĹ޳ţͷ棬ʵǶֻǳ˾ŷĹԳƵ϶Ѫԩ 
֪µĴѡ 
ܴΧֶˡңǾͽˡ 
ӰӽͻȻ˶ϡ 
ģɱȣվԭص㳾 
ӰݶƵӣХ֮ëȻһմԾصݶһš 
ÿ죬Ҳ죬ڶ򽻵ˣֱ治׷˺ֱʡ 
߲˼ͬʱ͵ǰһ߷ֹͣȻ鴤Ť˵ʺԱˣԽвֻӴðѪݣøɾ䡣 
սĺͻȻ׳ҡֱϣṦѸݾףһһһĺӰȥ 
ӰУͻȻ»ɵ»䲻ݷӶ䲻ݷ 
̫죬ȻӺӵҽеȾڻ˲䣬ײ뺺ӵС 
ŵĹ»ܿ·׹Ѫɽ 
һܿڣϷһһʧ١Ȼ𣬺صصֶϡ 
ɵúã϶Ȳɡ 
ݶ϶үӰλֵĹֿЩҰԴСˣ˼䲻֡ 
Ⱥų߰ȵӰŮ 
ѣ˲ˡЮͷҧ˵գۼˣΪλѸµ˵ 
Ѿ˵˲Ҫ˵Ϊº׼ƴ˸أҪĸˣ׿ŮˣؤҪĸˣأǲҴ˵ط 
¡ 
Ҫ̧ǵˡסԷĻѪԧŻޣŲ˾Ķ߲ơŲ¸Ȼơ£ںδ 
㻹䣬㲻 
ǾȰ⴦ѵãͻĶˡ֣һһϳӢأֻһӿҴɱݣӢۣһͱչϣ 
¡ 
ҲҪ֪Ĵʤһα֪ϸɣ 
һֽУ߰ͬʱ˶ϣ糱ͬչѧɽһϡ 
˫ӭȡ¹ϥէɽѡ 
һЦȻ⬣ת֣ƵķԽԷĶϿգһ磬ԷĶš 
ͬһɲǣ϶öĵĳǷ׹סƮͼڿ 
ɱҰĵ⽣ӰУŷĲҺѪȣи˻Ķǡ 
ֲȱȲͶˣȴǿﲻ߲ܡ 
ҵӰڼݵʱﾲֹʱƺͻȻˣ̱ǵѪ˷ɢɢѪг鴤Ť 
 





       վֻˣŴүʹȵүýġ ˲ʯˡ 
ҡһ˫ֳѵؽкš 
ںδ 
ҡҲ֪ 
Ϊξ㣿 
ҡ˫һ·ȥˡȥˡ 
Ŵү߽һѿѪһȳعˡ 
Ҫ֪ںδ߹ںδ˵ 
ǵɽ֧Ųס¹ 
ɽʲôڣ 
֪ 
Ϊβڳ 
ȥȥѲӣ͡ССˡš 
ģˣҪ졣 
õģˡ 
ƥ񱼣ƹǣػƺɳ£ڶ 
ҪɽΨһǶĿţǱƳǴȦ 
֪Էĸȫڳ⣻ǰ׶༪٣޷ˣľֱǰ 
ӷɽصĸǡŶһһǱͷ࣬һڻҰ¶ޣ޵ 
Ե˱ضǱڳ⣬˷̾צ飻й˹ȻʣǱɳļҶߣԾ޷ 
ˣҩСҹǱоҽ߹ǵҩ͵ҩҹȻУֻҹ͵ҩһ·ߡˣҹڳΨһ 
ҹ͵Խǹص˶⣬ۺˣ׽סɱԴˡ 
һȻգҪɽ 
Ѿĩĸתơ 
ףƥƵķ˿š 
Ŷ¶޵ˣѱڵѣⱼۣڵѾˡ 
Ŵүһƥչͷ㿴ʮٵеУĸӰ 
Ѹһſסȥ 
վ·豼ɱЩ˼Ȼҵ·Ȼв±͡ 
Ȼ꣡ôƵĴɤųȣʯףʮ˶кͷ类޴ײгͻΧһ׵ 
ûϵͷ·ҹԷֱǺˣ˵Ǳ迨̲أɲ޹ 
ƥʮסˣ߾ⰰ 
ʲôģŴүǣǰʣҹ·кιɣҪ·أ 
˵꣬һڰš 
˫ѽӽ֪࣬е㲻ˡĸ·˼ȲǱ£ҲţǴװ嵶彣ˡµĽ͡ 
ڵ˵ǻˣ˵ˣ׼ֵİš 
϶ǣںԼһֹ˽࣬Ρ 
̲СΪ׵˲סŴүȫ£УǸʲôģ 
ҹ·ġ 
סַδȥ 
Ƿ˭̲֮飿 
Ҫ̲飬ҪѲ顣ǰ㲻סģүЯб 
ܲţ˵ǵʲôˣŴүʣǼûҲûµĺ¡ 
ա 
źϽ˿ͻȻɳ̫ˣԷ̫⣬ʹΣҲӦ 
Ѿ֪Էð̲ĴͽִǰĺУƳĸףǻʲôÿģضȫ־ڱصá 
źϽ˿ס˶ԷĲӡȫһһͷͻȻѾɳ 
սپŴүŭ𣬽˿ڶӰˡ 
οɾռ˱˵ЮһѻצһеĿǣצӰһץס˽˿һʧȥ 
飡߲߲˵ȭƣͬʱжԷߣ̫ˣ޷ܡ 
˲䣬ĵĽƵĴһӶȻ߳ŽӰէէ֡ 
ͬһ˲䣬ĸӰ 
ĵĽ񣬴̵һ֮󣬴бŤͻ׼شסŴүλʹûצƲּϴ 
ҲҪŴүУߣ 
ȥģһԵ϶һȻһĺӰһһӰĳ 
ŴүĽ˿Ҳȫ˻ųصĻצƽ屶߲һ죬צһӰš 
ߣ϶У 
硭ļУһһһѷɵֱ룬ᴩλ˽ԷɶϮĺӰС͸ 
Ұ࣬ӰӶ䡣 
ף˲ɳۡ 
Զ⡣˽ 
磬ľôˣϺĸȥеʡ 
һɵҿ衣϶˺ˡҪ˶ѡҹзʤǻʶúܣɵͰУһϱʹڰ죬Ҳ׶ 
ҲֻŴүЦҪһжһѴơҲҪ߹ǣڻеءֵܣǰ;裮;ѾһһѪԧֿ֪³̶ˡ 
磬ҶԸ˵ҪǶʲộҺڵһħͷֻһ˻ţһңΪֱ׳ʮ㡣 
ҲֻܶԸˡ˵Ҫ񣬴˺֡ 
硭 
Ļ㲻ˣ 
⡭Ҽžǡ 
ķɽǰ;Ȼûٳػ 
ɽĶǣǲǻ⣿ǰһָ 
Ұɽء϶˵ 
ɽУ˺⣬ƺԽԽԼԿŨڹ 





       ԣҰ𲻻ȼյô١ŴүһǿԽԽˡ ȥȻ𣿡 
йأеëɭĸоԤס 
ߣԾǰ塣 
ﱾе㲻׿ƣΣ̣ϰҹˣΣò׿Ƹ̷ⶾ衣 
ڼ䣬̫ģûƽʱĶ 
׿ƿĹݣҲоѽ 
׿ͻȻǰԵ뷿ڣһ 
Ůƿǣٿֹ 
ΪԼҶУѪԧ׿ƼװͽҩʵҪ׿ͬھ󻼡 
ϾһḻˣȻҶڽεŵ 
Ӱôһˡ 
гɣپǧĿ飬ྭѵˣӦضȳݶ࣬ܵķӦԶҪһ˵ʱֳŵأɾıܷӦԺ˼ָȥŵأԷԵıܳų 
ٿֹеĽһɲƿշɳͬʱ⼱ӣ˫ƻסйʱԷй 
ڰ쾮ﴫҽһӰӷ쾮زĳ͸ߡ 
Ůˣ׿Ƶͬ³졣 
ӰͬʱƮ׿Ƶͬ顣 
Ͼ룬һ죬ҼײһӰؿڣ̧͹߲һɽŷ 
Ӱ浹ˤֱɳ⣬ˤڶǽ¡ 
һӰ󺧣ŵؼԾŵԾϣݣһ 
Х죬Ѷˡ 
һɲǣԶ룬ȷéݶ쿴޵٣þ÷Ʈ伱 
׿ƵϣַɵĹâҶ״ӹǷй롣 
һԱЩδķ 
Ƭ̣ͻȻ˷ʹĸоֽãǰȥ 
ϵԽҩδȫãȻתͷѡ 
ڵе׿ƣ׿ƱҶӳŵƻ⡣ 
á˻Уһ飬һȴģ 
׿áƣҪơƶȡ 
׿ģĺУӿǰ 
㡭ƣҪؿһɡɶѪᡭ븹ǻҪ 
ǰ֣ץס˴ڣɫʹ԰׷ࡣ 
ӡ촽ѵؽУҡҪ㡪һۡ 
ơ 
еĽлץ֧ͦһˣ˵ԵԣƺѾþʼҵشϢ 
ҡҴ㡭ˡץסԵԡ 
 
Ҫƶơ˻ߣȣš 
ȫ 
㡭ˣԡҩ 
ҩЧҵֿɡԶˡҲ⼤ڰ٣Ҳˡ 
лл졭 
лл㡣 
ҲֵõģԡͻȻ˵˵ˣҧҲ͸ 
ֵõģ֪һλùơ 
ǰŲƣͿҩ¶š 
ҡһӿΣһĨɬĺΣҴûܹܹյˣûǡôǿСӺ 
ƣҪ˵ 
֪𣿵ڡһμ棬ҡҾϲ㣬֮֮ҡһ춼˼㡭 
Ҳ㣬ҡ 
ŶҺøˡԣҡʹҪռ㡣Ҳƽϣҡ 
㣬Ҫ˵ 
ҰĻ˵˵ҲĿԣҪЦҳա 
ġ 
һӲϣͷһ 
ơԿС 
Ƶ룬ǰֻƳ˷ɵһۣɰȻ̾Ϣ 
õҶĴ˴֮ڣСѿƣĴһ˴ֻ˶ɱˡѵ磬ֻһ¶档 
˵ڸ 
롭һȾ 
ұǸЦҡͷѪѾҪˡֻҪһѪ޷ҩֹѪңҲû־ҩ 
㡭 
ӣҡΪˡ 
ģԲȻСһλù 
֪⿪ٱҡҸ̷һű𵤣֧һЩʱ䣬ֶ֧ãÿ컯ˡ 
𵤣㡭ǡ 





       չ ˻Ůӣ 
ǵġˮƸС 
ԭ㣬ѹʶ 
ʶңǡ 
룬ĵܵġ 
ĵܣ 
ĵԡں㡭 
ѽǱӦү⡭һλˡ 
ССĻװСַЦҡ 
ǴҪԹӼˡҺͼĸսצУ⻯ˡ߱£һлԹ 
Ѿ÷ɸ봫飬硢硢ĵܸԮ֣⣬ӦÿԸϵˣӦһѪԧҲֵ˺áĵܵ书ͽǼģӦе꣬䶯Ĵ¡Ͼʹûϵ֡ 
֪㣡ˡ 
ƻٿϢʧڷ⡣ 
Ӱ쾮Ʈ䣬һȣ޹˼ɵعȻԾ 
˻̣Ƶӳٵذγ³ʬϵĳһ߳ƹһ˳졣عһӰĺף˵ݡ 
ͳ˼Ҵѧƴʱˡ깢ҵĽṦоʢһȫʩչǧؽɽ׹콣Ⱥ 
ҽзط 
ٿѪ˱ǣݶֻеһпࡣ 
éΧ˷䶯ĺӰ 
һҧƮ쾮 
׵Ӣ۲мʹðǲʹðͷΪ˱κֶҲʩչȨ 
³ʬѽİٱҲδȥ 
ѳһҶʮѡ֣÷ǳ⣬صķɵŮʹó֡ 
ڡӰڶ涫᷿ݶʱһݶҲ˵١Ṧʹٸéݶϻ췢ǲܵ¡˱ϾʵĹվõĲһʹϵġ 
Ҫķ롣 
ȻĸӰݶ 
ģ˵ݶĺӰɤ½УϷһѡĻᣬҪˡ 
ѾûѡԴӹ²־֮ûѡˣ˵ӣܲȳ 
ڣûѡ 
£ĿֻһѰΪĸŮıӦλᡢӢԵЩʲôЩʲôԼס 
ڣȻоԣûκѡֻһ·ߣսԱ 
Ǳ£Ż 
һߡߵԶԶأû㣬ֻҪԶҪӰö˵˵ε£ǲ׷ҲҪţԱʾв׷ĳ⡣ 
ߣԷҲôƽ뿪Ѫԧ̿𽭺ܷŹһλɱצĳС 
ֻҪԣҪͽ׿ơòشĺӰࣺ֮Ѿ֤زʶûΪıҪҲӢۣѾüˣѾûźûпǷӦΪԼİȫȻ뿪ˡ 
ĵķɵó棬ð亹룺ѵ壬᲻ڸ䣿ᱻѪ 
׿Ƶıϣһķɵ񲩶 
ҲҵΪԼһĵ㯵ذ⡣ 
ҶɱȻƽˡָ˵ѡ 
ָͷͿ׾ٵزĿ 
뵽ˣηġǼΣյġ 
顭źȻ̮ 



ڰ

       û˳ Щ˵ĵ׳룻ǻϽһЩթҡ 
ӰȻĸˡ 
˲䣬Ӱ 
˫ѷɵ 
һӺڳĺӰˤ쾮СطʹΪң 
ڶ˵ſڣ뵤ڼǡ˵糤ķɵȫˡ 
߲׹ƿ¡ 
Һ¡ 
磬˸ֹ 
Ĳĸһ˵ûɵչ˵ˡ 
úÿ죬߸ˡ 
еڽкš 
ȡҡһе̡ 
ȡؼѷɵЩڳ鴤䶯ڽкʧȥλطɵ 
쾮ɣɣʮʬ弯ȷ̫ˡڰ죬ûڴ˵ء 
ƶӰѾ˽¡ 
죡ɱˡǹȻΰ㶸ȻֵӰؽУѪħ粻ǣ 
ħ֮һɥĿֲħͷ 
˲䣬ȡ󵨵ĶȻж 
һ߳ǽȡѪħüģɭɭſԦ硣 
žѪħһн 
޴ĽϷȴǰײ´ҡ 
˶ѣѪħ˵ץסҼ 
ŲΣһѪħһ죬Юʵڻˡ 
ʹĽҲûһ㹥ԷüĵʽİһϹǿŴ󿪡˲֮ǣ 
ҲǺҹУѪħϾ˼һԳϵľ޵úܡΪѪħطŵˡ 
סˣֵ 
ѪħͻȻֽУһ 
аصһѷɵ׼زѪħĿʿķпѪ 
սĲ˷ɵѹֽϵľѪħɡ˶ѡ˱ס˽ʱɵó 
вֹ黯ķЩѰСС׶͵ġ 
Ѫħһ˫ּ⾫֣Ҳ˲֣ƴ˫ۣԻȻҲΪûܽһ˫Թɼ᲻Ƶķһ˫öԷɢԻȥıС 
Ҫ׽ܽܡ 
ڱΪ뾭飬˲Ϣһ֮ 
ͳɵɲǼ䣬ǹȫ࣬ӵ»ѳ˵ָ죬Ҳһʯ϶ 
Ѫħ˫һϣйʮָһգ۶Լعǡ 
ﻬ档һ亹һʰ˳ݳ⣬ܻ᷿ĸΡ 
໡Ѫħֺš 
ݵݶϣӰҪȴѪħĹֺһŵѪħһԡӰǷɻɢһ 
ڱڸ£Ըе溮÷ʵĳ˿ 
þã˳֡ 
ã˵˵һ֧ѡ 
˴Уǽȥ׶༪٣źҪ 
é˻ǻ˵ã 
һ֧ͶݶԾϨ˻ѣڶ֧Ͷˡ 
æңȥӡ 
éݵĸСĺԺֹܷݶȴ޷ݡᡣ 
 
˴Ӻų쾮֪סںڷһ˫Ϸ򸾣Ѿ˶֡ȻѻǱڵˣŵĻ 
쾮ԣ޷ˣһܶΧ˿˳ŮԾݶһסϵʮǲסľ 
һһˡȴ 
ͬʱ˴ܵéȼһƬ̱˻𺣡 
ɱУϾģ޷£Ҳ˲ڵĳԡ 
عԷҲȫƴݶ棬ࡣܻ˱У𽥱ݱĿҰ 
ΧԼˣζݡΧ䱸˶һסź 
е˽ΪĿ꣬˭Ҳܴеéݣéݻң漴ʹˣҲӴ٣˲ע⣬˱Ҫöࡣ 
ˣéС 
ΧΪԣһҪľľһǵȺ 
һ߲ 
ƺЩ˵ҪﲢڳµѪħ 
Щ˶ӹ֣ÿһɶһ档 



ھ

       ʹı죬Ҳκβ˲ƴˡ ־һĳһɱ֣˸ϣðϮͷӦ 
ʹϵأ 
ݶ͸ϵ֪ôһˡźеȻǣȻòϾĽȻܶǿû 
ƣơƶϵ׿ƺУڣ׿Ƶӣ㡭졭ӣ𡭡այˡ 
׿Ϣ޶ 
ƣ㡭һ󺮲ͨȫ 
ˣػС 
ơȻУꡣ 
ƵͻȻ䶯 
ƣһѣѡϲؿӣ졭ӳȥ 
̧ͷ˫ 
ԣҡûСʣָԵӣоֵˮ 
ӣˡſڵĻ֡ 
ˣ 
ǵģӡ 
ѽ㡭 
Ҫˣȥü죡 
죡׿ȫˡ֪ǶȻվ͵϶ұȥ 
Ҫ죡 
ҡ 
ҹҲҪ㡭Կŭؽ 
׿ƽ𣬵˼Σ޷˱𣬱ı⣬´Ե˫ҸѣϣȻϵú˳ 
㼤ҵġȻЦѾģ㼤⡣ҪһҪ˲Ǿ㣬ǿġ 
㡭 
ɣҲ¡ңҪɱɱšˣܿվԡ 
ƣ㣬첻ģԼӳȥң㡭ԾؽС 
˵Ϣأڽϳ⣬ϳɢʬ쾮һǷɻϡ 
ܣˣŨǷ衣 
ҪȥҪͻȻƵĿУһ԰õһ 
ԽҰ񱼣ԽҰɳۡ 
棬糱жʮϣβ׷ЩǴݳǷġҲ׼β治ᡣ 
･;ƿݾ硣ΧȻˣΧļ˲ʱӸһڣߴһöⶤҶԷ־ڻ׽ָҪλ˵κһԿˣʲôˡ 
УʣһѷɵԼõģ㷢ȥ 
˭зצһ˴ʣðŪȿƿԻˡ 
ɴֵǴȥ˹ֽС 
ȥġſΧ˶࣬ǴԼˣ㶮򣡡 
ժһԵʹã˵л顣 
ԡ޳ɣֵĴµʹˡ֣׼ 
˴˷צһһ֣롣 
һͬʱɴӷú죺ҹ̣׼ 
ףٲƥڻ⿴С 
ףʲôˣһͷºŻβĴȻУǵˡ 
ĺѪ֣סǡһݵͷý䵶ָӣ³çǳˡ 
˵䣬ƥѵئ⡣ 
Ժڣһʿʡ 
磡һĸߺȳԽ 
ΪΧԣԴСûŴүŴүʻĿöԷԼˣһУϷˡ 
Եˣɱͷд 
嵽ٵ˷ɲӭƳϿ 
շԾȷѣһĿһλԴν赶ݵ磬Զ⣬ŵء 
ˡʧ㲻͵س巭ͷ­Ƶˡ 
ŴүĽ˿ؿ¼ˣƺȸֵҪâ켲ͷӦ뾱ס 
үҲ׺ݡӻ°ػܣһ㽫ֵһ˫ϥϡ 
Х죬һͻȻ˴ԡ֪裬ĵ㺮Х֣ԵĽѣѪͷס 
գۼ䣬ѹΧ롣ʬĵضΣÿ˵ʺԱᴩ 
ɴ׵壬½Ǵϣƥգؿڽǡ 
ٿֹⳤֱ롣 
̫ˡ񣬴ѹˣҲĵץסˡ 
ʮ֣˲ϢĽ£ҫͬ磬ΪֹȻû˿Ӱ֪ٱ䣬ѵ˲˼Ͼ硣 
ڣͷп˶ߡ 
ǱӦ񣬿ǵıУкȻУԱ󡭡 
лл죡ڸϵˡﱼģԹӣȥ磬ڻ챣ӣԸü 
һ죬ôŮ˵ɤ˵˼һ߷ɴӲһ󺺣β߸Щд󺺵ĶǸ 
ȥ죡УԶĻ𳡱ȥ 
¼ˣƬ̼䣬ʮĸˣֻĸȿġ 
վڻ⣬ʹض°š 
ģҡҺҡŷţɱͷת˱ 
Ĵһԣɫʮֿ£ⲻס鴤Ŀ˸ 



ʮ

       ңǿ֮ĩݶѱ̮ʵǽڻ ûڻ棬ʬĽζŻ 
ѵˡӲʣô 
ǡ 
ҩ 
أ 
֪ 
ǡ 
䡣 
ѽ㡭һѽ𣺡Щԭǿ˵СѾңҲ 
Ŵүүɱϵɫ൱¡ 
ҡҰȡ˵ؾΡڿѡѾ졭 
Ŵүͺȣһָ 
ľķձŴүȻ˲Ѱ 
é֣ɽּ佨ݱ߱ķɽ־ʧ𣬷ʧҲᲨɽֱ֡뱣ְȫռ䡣 
Уȷ쳣Ϣ 
ơԼĽˡ 
Ե˫ſʼŲˡ涾ԽãҩֲɵҩԸԭףҩЧĻš 
Ȼƶ磬Ϊ׿ϼȻƺܵ˺ 
Ȼܵƣҡ 
ƵıϣⷴӳŻڲ 
ơѵỽɤУ顣 
šѾ˫Ž̤Źصƣ᲻˼ؽľϳ쾮ϹݣϳڣŻĲĴţûܹõһܰõġư쵽ˣǷţǰ龰ʵģΡ 
ϵҲʵġ 
ҡǡ˿ʮȥģ𳡵ڸ˸һϢ 
ǰȫˣơḧǱ˫գصǰİ֤ҵİģһƣûпˣûˣ֪һλֵȫȥĺù 
ҡҺ䡭׿ԵؽУ磬ңҡҺ䡭 
ߣ٣ȴе䡣 
Ҫģþ˾Ϣһ¾ͻᡭ 
ͻԶȥˣҡ 
Ҫ˵ɵȴصҲߣ֪ҡ 
ҡҲ᲻롭뿪㡣ҡһֱѰңڡڽѰңѰһ桭ģܼӺɡǡ 
ơ 
ҡҵˡ磬ҪˣǸŮˣĺɱˣǱȵģ׽ȥѵСŮʮɱˣҡҲҲҶҡ֪ᣬӲҪҪ˼㡭 
Ҫ˵ơ 
Ҫ˵˵˶ˣҡҸеҡ˵áó졭Ҫϡˡ 
Ъòã˵ЩҺۡ 
ҡһϢ磬ҡҪȥˣҡáúϲá㡭 
δꡢͷһ 
ơԿУ㲻ߣ㡭 
һ˫ְס 
ſϲУˣûİתŻɣ 
ĵܡУʡ 
ףɽּ䳿ʮö 
ྡڣ׵̡ 
һéỹڶʮ⣬δˡéյ죬ûз磬ߣʱϨ˶ʮһéᣬȻδⲨ 
Ŵүվڴ⣬Ŷɽϵ֡ 
Ϊʲôվϵү˵㹻֡Ѫԧ£ǵС 



ʮһ

       磬ӦҲ𽭺С޺ɥүЦҲ£Ѫԧûڵȡ ã 
ѪԧǵСˣƴպ쵼Щײħġ 
е 
ɣǼ̫צ 
ԣɡ 
죬ѪԧȥǱӦڽ 
ϧĿμһаź֮ 
һλİСɫͭˣסʳŴүһվ 
磬һ񣿡ţ𽣣ɽƳûýͬԳ䳡档ıȻСиı䣬𣿸ýкβɣ 
ף㡭 
ĸ׵ݡ 
塭 
Сã˼ҹڳСͷ岻ǷϵģܳȻǲ˼񣬴ͽΪ˳Ƕ⣬ֺαطˣ 
Ŵүͷ룬ĿɵͷˡǺǡ 
Ųء˵Ļ˵̫ˣһλСþ͸ᡣƳء 
ģ 
ǵȻ٣׿ˣֲʽУûСôͰæ޴룬˼棬׿ˣ 
Ŷ׿ˣ 
˵סˡҺҶϸڸѪ࣬Ҽʱ𵤱סԪҲͳѪĹЧֻҪ֮ڲն񻯣ͿԱˡ 
ллүĹҲлл㡣ֵĵĸл 
ҵ硣Ŷأָָϵ֡ 
е֣ѪԧΪλءŴүüĽ˵ħûϵһС 
Ĳ²ǶԵġ 
ܾòԾǲǷ벻⣿ 
үͻȻһʽһ䡣 
ǻˡүָָݺ֣ʱ͵ϮҲδ̫ȱӢˡ 
ɱˣŴүҰԧȫʲôǱӦͷͣ͵Ϯһֱۣдô 
Ҫȥ˵үԾȻ 
ŴүסүҪǡ 
˽ľɫνӽȫע쿴ѷǡ 
ˣƺ죬ȻԽԽ˾Ȼҹ¾롣 
־éԼ⣬ṦˣԵݽǡ 
ȻһӰԵĲݴзݶһԾףٴԾǡݽǵǽ¡ 
Ӱէ֣ɭЦݽǵһ档 
ס֣ѣӰС 
ӰŴүźϽ˿Ѿ˵ľ 
âգԡ 
ѣǼ𣿡Ŵүʡ 
Ǹ󺺣üۣ񾼾ϲһҵйٱʡ 
̨ǴеŴ񡣡󺺶ǸľźϽ˿ǹ絶ɰ֮ȡ¹˳Ϭ 
˳Ϭʹйٱʡ 
Сɡ 
³˳Ϭݲ˲ͷôܵˣܵδ̫Զ˰ɣ 
Իܶѽһֽ¸ضܣࡣ 
кμ̣λ 
ֵҪǹ³µͽУŴ 
ģһλٴۣ峤Լףüһˡλףٲܸɡ 
񾭳ۻᣬֻѡǶ٣ٴûǡ 



ʮ

       ٣Ӻүŭɶˡ үϢŭ½ͺòãϤüвѵĿԡ 
ƨĿԣֻ̰ϧΪŰ 
˿ͷʱԶд֪ݴй٣ҪҲǣǱҪչɱܲǵģ 
磬дǣߣ 
ٲûͷˣǵСٴ˵в÷Ҳ֪նŪμԱ֪Ӹᣬġ 
λϵ༸仰òã΢Ц˵ͷȷ踺صˡ 
λǰǡĳ̡Ŵүƽ͵ҡֹ϶˵ 
ޣ޹ǰ 
ԭСˣ˱޴ʧʧŴүϵѸٵˣȭʩ񣺡ǰһ˽ܣ磬ֵңհǰǡ 
ϵܿޣҵܱ³ϵСɼλЭݹٷʿ״ݻѪԧݵؿߣѭ׷ִأĿѣɷϵͷ 
˵ 
²ܵвȣ踺ذ׼ƣԵλ쵽չĴжǡħצǼѸӡ»óȻֱ⴫شͽǴܿѶϢ·ƻʱϵ޴һͬжչǱͽûϵѪԧȻǣһ裬˻ȡ 
˵ħڴ˵أŴүָָɽϵ֡ 
ڣڳ 
ԭˣⲻǺܺ׽ 
ǣͶ 
ʲô˼ 
ռйٵĹۡ˽ʮʡайٷ򸾺İӡ 
⣡Ŵүһ֪ЩУ˼ҵѪһЩйصҪвʴ󲿷Աɱ¼֡ͷҪʲôϣЩʲô 
Ҫ¡һ׳ٱɱǱӦ񡭡 
üһԭֹȻǸүƿ 
֤ƽ뾳֪ݴҹϳɽɽͷɫɽëϳԵ־޷˽ʡϸݵأһɽǱ㰲ȫˡ 
ô㣿Ŵүʣٱ׳ɱǣ 
ٱ׳ѳ 
Ǽλͷ󣿡 
һǧٱ׳ѰΧɽ 
֪Ҫ𣿲ͷŴүЦ 
ٱ׳ΪλΪǡһҲ£ʮѪȵĴͽִЯĺУǵһΪѺ;з⣬Ծü󳹵׽ǡ 
ⲻ񾡡 
ǣڵ޷ 
˼ǡ 
ʡ 
ͷ֪Ӳ빫˺жŴүҡͷЦ𾴹ĹˣӲ롭 
Ŵи⡭ٲʤǣ¼Ȩ 
Ҫ֪ȻٸǾͲǵλȻеߣǼٽ֮ΪĴͽ䷸ǹٷǷ˵ļ 
 
Ŵүһת 
Ըš 
һٷһıܣֻ޴ָ 
˱Ȼ˵Ϊ١ 
ǵȻܣܱ֤֮ʵİȫǲ֤ûаյ£κ򵥵Ҳзա 
֪ݴѾйɱѳְĹѾˡٲȻЦͬأʹ֪ݴһҲҳΪͽʣйҲġǶǸִĺù٣κɶͽЭλɷȥҶھ׻ֻϲ԰š 
ãǻᾡΪȷǣ㣬ʱ̸ļƲߣ쳵ʵʣϣܲС 
֪غ֪ݶνĸ٣籾ϵˣڱ籾ְĸ٣ԽйᣬЩְĸĸٰټҾ죬ЯǨˡ 
йٴ˵ĹᣬúһϣԶԶؿԿñá 
СĺԺռز㡣йǵطΰ׳Ըݣ⽻ͨٸĵӽվദ˸飬ͻ̰ܻᷢ¡ 
ʣ൱롣 
ͽָ˫ˣǱǵһɲջµסԲˣԲ˼αئɮ˾ɮȫݵɮˡ˱ίεͣɱ˽ٳֵ¡ԱֳȻ 
һȻסáкãһ¥û裬˾λǰá 
ǱӦ˱λ׷Ӣۡ 



ʮ

       Բܲ裬ɹŮװðү ٶڸ¶棬ΪͽЭҪӦôŶڷɽɱӦ 
Ŵү˱ִ֣ǲԲˣ˼·ʱĿʱ߱ܵˣѲǴʻ 
Ϣʧġ 
ٳֵʺˣǿ϶ģйһڣ͸λ 
һɱ̸ʱɱģΪ֪ݴ˾ܾټŶǻĻ̵̻Ҿ֣ͽɱһλʾ 
ͽжˣ֪Ů 
ͽ˭֪ 
СĺԺʮͽǼںδ֪ 
ںδ֪ 
ǷбѵؽѻͨĵصûУΨһӽİ취ǴȥͽϽ߽˾ɱ顣 
Ǵ¥ϵĴУϵع۲ڵĶٲ⣬׿ڵĻΣлľ񣬵ס˲ߣѿڲĻ 
ĩδƳԲ˱ׯϳڽֿתǴ븺ٷһλʷ档 
ʣΪδɱĻϺľޱش 
ѾΧɽѰСλʷСĵػػĿǰ׳ӣһ 
˵Ӧ񲻿ʧ٣һڷɽϺеѶʹˣδȫӣı 
ת棬û˸ҲίʵǷѾԶˡ 
ǲܵġУǵˣôһҲ 
תǣ磬׳Ϊְĵ·ȫκ߶Աɱۣ׳֪Щǵˡַ󣬾Ϳɱٲˣǵûлʾݵģɼˣɵʹ߳Ѱҡתǣɷɼ˳ 
ǲɵġ 
ˡ 
˵֮ǰѶϢʹڶʡ 
תǣ벻ҪʡǰкʮƥнѾףһ;䣬еĹդѲλһƽ뾳 
ɮʵת棬ˡ 
ʶͺ¿˱˵ʮǰʧٵĽʮɱ֮һǷȻջµˣɶȻɲ˷ȻѪԧɱ˰ס 
ģ뵽Բ𣿡Ŵүʡ 
УͦաүĿԶĹ᣺鲻β죬ͦգߣ硣 
жٳ㣿 
ᳬɡ 
СϵܣһҲɡ˱ЦΪ뾳֮󣬻ͷһЩʣǲѪԧϰߡ 
ҪһЩҪԣʱ䡣ү뿪ӵĴ൱侲 
׼ڣҵǸʲôǷ 
ͽǶڹᣬֻ𴫻 
ҵצ̽ɽʵϢһ룬Ϊ¡ 
Сϵܣûܽӽ˹ᴫϢ 
ģȴΪȻ 
Сϵ֮⡭ 
һջ¡ϣҵӽĻ 
д˱Ҫ𣿡 
ǰԼϵġ 
ʱ֣үҴҷء 
磬ΪĿ³˱ػ̻̣ڣ繤һλͷеջıҪ𣿡Ŵүʡ 
⡭ûбҪѽ˵ 
繤ˣҴʶǸˣҸģΪ֣Ҳòյѽ 
˭ 
ֲŵҺܲġ 
˵ 
磬ƻƻ 
ˣϷµҹϵӭ緢⡣ҹǿЩⶼõ 
һһֵͳģ첻ģãĹҪͳЩһٶϣ಻ҹдˣǷģȻһƬյģǾȻ˯ 
Ǵõ¥Ϸģ¥Ŵպڳ 
¥ĸĸȫǼž 
ǰʯģǰʯˣӦΣǰһ˽ӽԲɱ˶˱㷢Ѷ֪ͨ׼Ҫʱɱʡǣλȴ˯һʯԴ˯һȻǿ֧ţȴҲ˯ʡ 



ʮ

       ľشÿ˶ĸ֣Ѿ˲ãڵľ䣬ظ㡣 Щǣ˭Ҳû뵽ë¥ϴĹŹˡ 
ֻҪϰʱܹѵġ 
վڽλĵˣһվ˯ȴֲ˯ԴǷ۽ǣԴչֽŻԱѡ 
˯ħ˰Σλ֣ûĻУ建ءĵǰƶ 
ֻҪٶƶĹӰȻչĹֲͬɫѾģӽһڣҲ֪вͬ 
챻λʬ塣ǰʯԼҡ 
ϵƺ󣬲Բģ 
أһֻ羶צһ͵ĻɫСʱԼסǾʬ塣 
վڽסǷľ䣬ӡҡҡԴǿ˯˯ħˡ 
¥ϴĹʱʱʼղڶ 
ףۻλƺһ 
ǾʬѾƶٶ쿴ʬȴ˿Ʋʬôƶʬ䡣ۻˣ૵˵Ƭֻ̣˯ 
ף 
ʬ˿Ʋ״ 
֣ҸҷģʬڶԼԴѷġ 
ëȻĸо˳ϮƬ֮ƽˣʬȷƶţ˯ˡ 
ԶУ֨¸¹һ森Ҳ֪ﴫ紵̵Լ죬з紵Ҷɳɳ 
ͷ¹Ϊࡣ 
ף־ˣŤͷͬ飬ͬſʯԣʱʱ 
ʤ֣һѡȥҡͬ顣 
ѽͬһѣô 
ʬʬᶯֵ˵Сй 
Ĵͷ 
ģҷģʬʬ塭 
ʬ巢ˣǲǣȥĵСҺáò 
áδ꣬ſʯˡ 
λֲıЦΪС˫ȭһЩ»صԣƬ̣ʵʬעӡ 
ʬ岻ƶ˹Ź֣ƺǰԶЩȷ벻֮ǰλòһ 
һʱ棬ͿͿ½ףͿͿǰߣʬߡ 
ӽ˳ң죡ʬڶˣǰơ 
졭УΪڴУʵȣںֻԼ 
ȫˣŤͷ񱼡 
¹Ӱһ˫סʺһͰԴۡ 
һĹֲڸסһɣƺͻȻʧˡһλſʯϻ˯ʱ¿Ҳ״߽ڣֵܷ¡ļ 
ãһɫӰڻ˯˵ԣһ˵ǡ 
ٴγ֣ڵ˭Ҳ֪ѾˣλİˡӰʧİˣǰӰ𽥽봩á 
ΨһĵԺơ 
ڿռ 
ҪͨһЩ辰ԺӹԺλڵ¡ 
ѳоĸ֣һʿܲĵط 
˴ǾҪвʲôأ 
Ȼʲһضֿ˿أⱻ˽ͬʱߡ 
ݶļǴҲһڡ 
ĻӰӶԵݶϢƶ߹һʧȥټҹ£״ 
ڷУͰ˯ѣһЩһ޵ˡ 
߲ 
еһͭ˫ܾѣʧֵ棬ͷȫ߼ϡ 
ѵһ߹Ӱٿٿ䵽˾ԲһС뾯ڵѪѨַ 
һӰһʽͷ½ϻܿڣȻ¿š 
ĸ磬һһĺӰ˵ 
ñСĸ˵гˡ 
õġ 
һ֣Ϣ 
үʽҹɰ㼲Ӷ¡ 
ذ׼䣬һ֮£ͷ׹ء 
ǹΪж㣬ǽԴذ׶ 
ү֣ȹ࣬Ʈһűһڵǡ 
ѸӹԺۼ⣬ˡֳִأŸܡ 
Ƭ̣һ֡ 
ԺڣΪھҶдûţȡ 
ִܴ濪Ȼ˿ 
һ죬ȻУԿپ׵ĶײСѸ롣 
ҹرپ롣 
ʮͷͻʳ͵Ϯչ 
үһ飬ײڰĶһ׻𵯣汻˫ֵһѡ 
죬 
飡 
ײ˶ţ 
һòˣѱŪ裬ˡ 
Χľ֪ڲб䣮Ŵȥˡ 
ʣҳȥУһ˾ͷ­ 
ãͨڷߵ˽Ӱ 
һ߳һǮ 
 
˿ˤÿҲʮöϵĿǮڡ 
˶ϣʰѽ˶ء 
ӽ 
֦׸ڷſڵͬ顣 
Ҷ˳ˣѿ˾档 
ʣйһİ˱к 
Ҫʴߡ 
ŴүȻ 
У磬ȺǰӦ뼯бСáȥѪԧү˵ڼ䱼ȥ 
ССáһλ긾ˣȻȹ룬ŵĹ󸾷绪ȻĿ 
ϵյƣѾˡ 
ðֽУҲ£ѪԧˣһΡ 
γذףȻ̤á 
ɫ䣬һѳʡ 
ǡȻʵôģ˲ˡ 
ԣ˲ˣȫȳңӦġġ 
ͻȻָ򾲣ȻһЦĽ³ЦݸŲ¡ 
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ãȻĹʰ𽣡 
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ѱĵط̨˵תȾٲ 
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£ˣ˵Ļ塣鹬أܱǸұ鰸ݣѡԸ𣿡 
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˱Ҳٲɫׯϡ 
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һߺߵúܹ֣ƺһ֮ͻȻϾһΣſһţѪ˱Х 
˱ǡúһѪͷֻ 
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ֱͦͦվԭأ˫ĿôأѪ 
˱ĨƤὫֱͦŰƽǵַһ 
Яֲ߰ɣ˼૵˵һˣȪ·ϾͲį 
ˣһʬϣʬЩʹ࣬Щ顣ǣʲôֱأ˱ϾҪߵģֺαؽƽϣ 




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ʡһ˫Ŀ彣ˣסһҪԣ 
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Ŷڵѡ 
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ſڣٵӰ 
ǺǣλĺӦģٹЦҪҪ¹һЩ 
ԭǲܲͷ彣ЦЦνһȱ˵ġ 
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ͷ鷳ǡ 
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ԣ˭Ҳûɹ鹬ߣǵУкҲлˡ 
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墽ÿÿһط֡ӡϪӡӡӡ¿ӡ˭ҲŪӵжơ 
ӵ밲磬ʱʱխۣϿɳƶͥʵֻǺˣˮ죬ԶӰϡĿСֻΪࡣ󴬣һԶ̵Ŀͻ 
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ҴݸʻͿʹѾʻҹ;Ⱥۣ·ʮУӽ쿴ֵǽӽĿľڣȴԶͷ˶ȡ 
Ѿĺʱ֡﷫ʻں棬ݵؾ 
ҿ۳ڿʹ棬ʸڸ˿ʹһһЮס˿ʹಢʻ 
ҪʲôΣգʹƽؿУ֪ݴ˵Ŀʹǡ 
ʮˣһԾԾǿʹÿ˵ıϽϵе 



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ھУѾ͸ʮֳɫ 
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̫ϴǱԣһ壬ַݹʳڵءϴүũׯڴ嶫ׯݵֶ˵ڼȭҲǱġ 
̴үׯŹӭӡ 
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︳ײص̴үɽ 
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Ѿ˵үϽµүͷϣƺһɰϡ 
ʦүⲻʵ̴үɫһ䣺ڲֻ涨Ӷһɣӷ塣һǹӶȫئһʩУûиġ 
̴үνӶ֪Ƿģ 
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ϵ沢δء̴ү㣬跨Ĳ㣬Ϲ£Ȼֻù¹ˣǡ 
롭ģʮ߼ǮضǧһٶʮһʯҪ׷һꡭ 
׷һɰ롣ʦүɫȻϢҸʮޣʮü 





       ʦүˣ̴үͿ̱ͣϵĴС 󣬰޴׸ԱⱻϢѲط֤֤࣬ȫ 
еʿѾ֪ݴˣޣмƻŴ󻧲ٵˡ 
̴үǸֱкˣܺ˵Ӱ죬СǿҵӢ۸񷴲òͷٹ̡аһ֮£һ˸ݸǻһ氵׼Ӧ䡣 
ʮѹ˰죬 
֮լ䱸ɭϣһ 
޾ɽǿˡܳϢ䣬ɽ߻ʵԶľ㣬ܲʤܡ棬Ǻ˺еĶͥǧ˲˵Ļ֮סͶ·ˣɽº·ߣͦյ˶ĺõط 
̴үԺУλӦƣĸ˽Ե١ 
ҴҵĺͦյĿС˵췴겻ɡ 
̴үš޵Ա⣬ݵ𡣶Ա⣻ѾһƼˡ 
Ǳϵģûšйյ͵ƣƹ 
ֵĴΪն񣬻ȼü̴үΪأȻġȺצѾͶ˿µıѴǵĶ֡ 
λѣڼύĵֲֵ֣ܽߵġ 
̴磬Щ˱Ⱥˮ޸Ϊ¡λ﷫ҧ˵Ԥ֪ǣǱض֪ǹġ˵Ƽ̴磬ѾԤȲõݾˡ 
һģ⣬ĸΪֵĴ̫նˣ֪Ǻá 
Ǿɽºɣһλͷֺۣ˵֮󣬺δѱҸһٱ񷴣ͷɣ 
磬ѻ죬ٳЩɱͷҵòãɷ̬Ľͥٲõ˵̴Ҵҵһ˫絣һǣ޹ңԶΪ 
ִ֮Σ޺޵ʡ 
ѾԵˣǧҲ͹ˡ 
ү֪Ժ𣿡̴үϽµʮ߼죿 
Ⱦȼü֮ȫݶʮλپһԲߡͥص˵Ŀ¼£ʦү㣬ȽǧӰｻһϹãǾˡԱһʮиѾռ࣬լԺѾ⣬ʱ·Ѿˡ 
ֵ֮ǵݷүϢ߶ԲΪү֪Ѵ㣬ӹٷ·ֱȽοЩ 
ֻԶˮȲ˽ģֵܡͥٿЦ 
죬졭 
Ų֪ʱȻһȡ 
˳һٿȻ 
˵Ŷͷֽ¶٣ϵһ˫ӥĿȻףڵĸˣ̴үϵãʦүһɵ֮һţԶⱼߣʶʱƵ˸ɴΪʦү 
ǲǾı죿ŶԶɭɭ˵д벶ͬʱӻܱ˵̼кܵ߳룬ͼıڣҪߡ 
ΪŭһŲߡ 
²֪һʥ֪һŵ˵ҹ˽լǼ鼴㻹˵ִ󻰣ߣ 
ǳСԺŶԶЦߣԸ峣úֶζġ 
ǹʣСԺƺֻվŶԶһˡ 
̴үĸˣԼķġ 
ǴӳġͥһѵǰߣĸˣǵطͷյҲ֪ƾʲôǰҰȷҲ̫ˡڣƽ뿪𣿡 
ҪǽŶԶն˵ҪƾʲôҲҵݣ˲֮ǿԷҡڣǷҪ¶֣ 
ǵġ 
ŶԶһЦߵݶͬʱԾˡ 
ڣıġŶԶ˵һѺһǺ׵ġ֪Ƕ汱ңʦүƸԳһп˵ǻ򡣡 
ѽͬʱʣ绢Х 
ֽģûԸļֱܣԷҲ̫޷졣ͥٱǸʶ൱ˣҲеѵ޿̵ĵزʹڶԷı£ض·һ 
ֻнЩɱԾȵĻᡣ 
һȻҲÿ׸ͥٵһŻǾҹͬ˵ˣ̼ˡ 
ųƴΪһ߳ͥټϣһ磬ηط 
ŶԶһɵػӽС 
죬ԱĽƫţһǡ 
ס˵б෽ 
ŶԶ书Ƚͥٸ̫߳࣬롢бƣȫ˵ơֵĽٵʯ𣬵ڽͥѨ 
˫֣ŶԶȣһͥٿշɷ𣬷ɳȻˤ䣬һһ̤סˡ 
һʤУ̴үŵзһֽŷ 
ʮʦ֮һĿ쵶ͥ٣˶ң˵ίʵʧŶԶųΪԸʦүǹƵ̫ˣСĸʵһ͹ˡ 
ףǵǡ̴үȻУǹأֻ֡Ƿˣ㡭 
Ӱڰ˳⣬һöһ߿ѨҹѨ֮׼šڿƵзִ磬˿ɵѨʹá 
һˣƺŶԶҪеģһưѷ̴үڵء 
൨죬Ȼɡ̤ס̴ү˵˷ׯһԲٷͽͨ˵ӹߣ书ҲҳңѰ· 
ݶͻȻһƵЦʮö˳һԼͬѭ̧ͷ 
ǹ£վλȹƮƮԼɵʢװŮɣȻòöЦƣŮض̫ŮˣҲ˴ɴȹ 
ңŮ˽ƮƮɡ 
ʲôˣ˵ŶԶȡ 





       Ҫ£һǹ٣һǷˣվмİŮ˵λɫµˣ˵Ļٷˡǣݱ֪ٷ참Ĳ죬û˵дҹũҹլģλµúú򱾹ˡ ŶԶһӣһţһλͬ飬һ׳ҡֱ档 
θƮ䣬Ÿմߡ 
ȥŮɽ߳Ӱһһӣѩէ 
ֻδءŶԶֽУƵĻӳ 
侢ӴŷХǿһ緢˵ 
žžһ죬߷׷ɡ 
һλˣһɶ¡ 
Ůɽ˻ݼΪǰݶ־ɵݼܣֳ̮죬֪罻ҳ̶ˡ 
һݶϣվһλƮƮӰ 
ȥλɻЩðӥצȫˣ 
Ůͬ𣬶ǷӦ״˳ 
ǽ£ŶԶѷһˡ 
ߣŮ¼ˡŶԶͬͽУСԺŵİӰߣһš 
Ѩƣڵϵ̴Ѩ 
ң̴ү˻ߵؽС 
λŮɲûԾ䣬Ӱ⣬һ 
ڱƮȻ㳾 
ͨĴѨַѲƶ˵̴үѨٽˣѪ֡ʩԾȻӦ٣һ֮䡣 
̴үϵλ 
ǰ޵İ塣 
ڳǶʮ㽭У潨һʢİۡǱݵʤƴʿ־õʥأءš׹Ůȵɼ 
Ůԭĵ֣ŮС 
ҲֻʮϵӦƸǰֹ񣬻ꡣصʩʿǣ֪һλɷǵеʦ˭Ҳ֪һ书ɲ⡢ͨȫʿ 
û֪λ黯İŮɡ 
ˡڽҵһ졣ŹŷסŹơ֡š 
̴үҲ⣬¾Ͱݷ𡣼Ͱʶ 
ʩƶ˵ˡżɽ֣ص˵ƶʩѾ֪ԱĿɱƶűǽٻͷ 
ⶼ֯Ķı̴ү̲סҧгݣҪ˶ãݵ˾븻𣬱ضݶˣö񶾡 
ƶѾˡ̴үĻ𹷹ȷִ㣬ԤıݵΪƣֶζޱȡǶ𸻺Ըƽõ̾ʵҲǶıһ֣ɱʩƼȣ㡣 
ǡ 
ʩԱ 
죡ƼԱǡ 
־ѹΣʩԱƷЩһȹһѹءȻ𣬰л׼ǿһʵۺѷᣬͿ򹷹ʾʵ֣ԱĲš 
⡭¡ 
ʩ£Ǿˡ 
ˡ 
ü£ӻȥ˱ض֪٣ʧȥƣٱضҲ֮˽㡣ֻҪʩȽǮʾӣͿԶȹѹءʩͬƶİ취ٱֹۣ缸λպܺˣҴӳ顣ɫ磬ƶǣʩݹ١ 
䣬ȭʩط˲Ӱһûߵģĸ˭Ҳû塣 
죡ԭɡ̴˺Ȼ˷ܡ 
ͥٵ𾪽άƬ̣漴֣Ժⲽͷ˼Ե񲻶 
ͥ٣ôˣ̴үȻʣطȥȺȱ裬ٺú 
ֹͥͣⲽ£ûе𣿡 
˼ǡ̴үһ㡣 
ڽϴ˼꣬Щʶǣ£ƺеѰ㣬ȥȥۣ 
סҵĻҪκű֤ôŵ 
˵ 
ҾãԶĸˣϸûСıҪǶݵλˣܰѺ˲ܰ˾һ˶ϵġ 
ҵĹǣֻʩѹֻҪեĽ㲻Ѱٽ㽫һʱƽġŵӦЩʲôٴŶԶЩ˶Уɾ鷳ˡ 
Ҫ֪κ¾ͷͲܣҪرСĲǡ 
һСĵġ 
Ǿͺãͷˡ 
ͥϵĳ¸ʮʦ֮һºŽп쵶νʦָ췹ڵˣҲָݿͽ׬ǮˣǱص˶书ǿơȻЩŴ󻧵ıڴ֣Ҳʦڵͽײʿѡ 
ͥǳ¸ĸغ磬еˣسϰ˵طдɵ¼ΪƽҲͽ˲Ͷѡ 
̴үĺѡ̴ү꣬ȴʶ;鶼Ȳḻ 





       һ磬̴үׯܹĴߣۺѽǮׯͱȪתׯƱκһ´Ҳһ֮ڳǧӣǧҲҪˣܴܲӵʿŹȻ㣬ҪׯƱ ̴үԼһ˰ްۣδʱַҡ 
ͥү˵ľ˵ķİ˵ˣһҲģ١ 
硢繲ʮλᣬҲоλμӡͨ󣬵Ǹһʹȫ޺֮һ 
²ӣʿԱСеĴ¡ 
һɶʮһλȫ޸вƵ˵Ȱ˵е˲μӺ֧׳ơ 
ԶʮһλΪģȸӶǧʯΪȫ˶书ǿʿԸΪģܵĽţȷʵ£طʿǮǮݽ˵ȣ𽥹֪ݵţԸλһλʦү 
˼꽭Ľͥ١ëȻ 
֣ү֪ʲô𣿡ͥȻʣһȺô֪³ç 
ͥ٣Ȩ̴үţԭеŲûӣֻƸһЩ˸ѣʲô𣿡 
ЩΪ֤ڹУ뵽ʲô𣿡 
⡭Ҳûʲô 
ң֡ 
ͥ٣˵δ̫˰ɣ 
ܱĸءͥٿЦƾŶԶĸ˵֣Ѽǵ֤ݣٻ᳹װǵĸڳó˻ûǵļҲүٻûнһǣǱ߼ˣô޴Ա޲ɼ 
ѽ⡭ͥ٣ҸǺã 
Ͽ˳Ըü 
ǣѾ˵˵ģһתʳԱš 
гŵ 
ǡǵġ 
ˣˣڼ䣬㾡跨ǾۻᣬҪκ־ϣԶޡͷس£һЩѣǰĵϸʮֿɡ 
˵ 
书ʮֿ£λŮͬɡգ롣ǧ򲻿й¶˿ڷ磬һеһ˵ 
õģһСġ 
ԸˣͶ 
Уʮﵽ¶ɺӣ;ȫƽԭش˿ҰеѸ߼ʣɣ٣ԣĵ 
쵶ͥٴһλ꽡ͣ󲽣ÿų̼ϣҪһиϵ¸ǣȫʮҪһĽų̡ 
¶ɺӣСɽɽʮ̣ԤƳһԸϵõȻʮ廯л⡣ 
ƽĽų̣̣мվһ̻»һǴ䡣 
¶ɺԱʮ·ƽԭ֮⣬ȫɽ 
СٵʼƹһСɽĶ´½£ԳһªЪͤͤܲľʣﻨ㣬ϧ䣬Ъͤû׼вˮÿͽʡ 
ٵǰ󲻼٣ǽеÿ͡ 
˶ЪͤͤһСǣӽң˶ͤһˡ 
һˣͤסֻܿ¶Ӱ 
һҰƧµ֮١ 
ͥǴ˼꽭ˣΪЩʶϧʶȻ࣬Ȼɵظ· 
Ъ²ʮͤͻȻһλòİȹŮɡ 
ͥٴһףͻȻ˵ͽУ·Եӣ 
졭 
˻Ū⣬סˡ 
ٺٺ١µЦ 
˳ԾתͷȴվһλòİŮɣγֵ˲֪ 
ӲġλŮɭɭйѾҪ볣µؽˣˡ 
ǵģҲ߲ˡͥپ˵ҿ쵶ͥڳ£ڹЩǰһֻò˶١ 
үŮȻһЦЦݲɭʵܲϾǴ˼꽭ˣʶʹ̴үЩ˸һȡﲻ׵ǣ֪ǵзѣӦðѱ￴ɾˣԲԣ 
Ǻ׿Ǹûгڽĳ;ϵκɡˡ 
ɾͼˣ 
ԡҪǣ²Ҷˡ 
㻹ûе£Ҫ¡ 
˼ָ 
̴ү˵ÿһ֣Ƕ꾡ļءһ˵ϵ´ȷ 
ȷǡ 
Ҫ̴֪үȨ֮һҪȫЧе𣬹ƾǲģʩ˫¡ҪͱһЩˣ쵼õˡ 
ѽ㡭ҪҪ̡ 
ԣǵڶ 
죡ǲ 
ѵѡһǰѾѡˡȻǣڣҶԹɣǲȥ˰ɣ 
סͥ侲ˣε·ˡðʣҰĺܴǵͼıЩô䣿 
ˡѷ档 
ʲôˣ 
޿ɷ档 
 
ǻ֪йǵ£ﲻ㣬ȻǸҪ뿪ˡ 
ͥͻȻһӿԱ֮ƴˣ൱µġ 
Ůηλؿ籩Ƶʮ֮࣬һ˫Ȼ׽סƣδץסṥƵ롣 
ʮĵʮ嵶ͥ񣬷ܲȫ֮⣬ȫİȫ 
ǣ˫书̫Զÿһ߿˷Ѿ𽥼 
㻹ߣͻȻУȫӰһӳ 
һҧ·Եֿ񱼡 
Ӱէ֣ǰµİŮɡסˣȻһЦִһžһн͵ 
šͽһһͦѪȻǰһԣڵҵس鴤 
Ůɸץ͵һȣŤˤ͵ɳң֦Ҷҡҡз׹ڡ 
˰ɣӵ͵Ůͬ齿У㣬Ҫϻȥأ 
ŪͥٵİŮһ߳ͻȻӵ룬է𣬿 
߲һͥٵ⣬ɫҰס 
ˣУվȣ˫ֳֵ£ֽץסѹ͵˫붯ϹʺѪӿٵ࣬һֵȵĻˣһ龰һ 
˷ĽХ 
飡ͥٵʬˤʺѪһӿ 
Ůɺޱǰʬ嶪֣Ҳһ棬̧ͷƳԶХӰһۡ 
ڣŮɶɱ˽ͬ˵ 
Х棬Ṧ͡㣬˿֣ɴ⡣ 
Ṧܲͷͬ⣺һ͵ˣѶԸ 
˽죬˫ƺմأȲƶΪ٣ǻգƿռ 
Ůһ֣Цסȥ· 
ڶʮ·ŻֹסȻһ˫ۣѽشɫɵŮɡ 
ǣǲǱˡоɣҪ˵ÿͣûңǡ 
ҪǺ˵ղɱ˵£˿Ӱ˼ң⿴¡ 
Ϸ򡭡 
㷢Хǡ 
ԣϷˡ 
ˡ˼ң㿴˲Ӧÿ¡ 
ϷһУϲһЩ¡ȻĿɱˣϷȻùʡ 
λΪڴ˵ɱˣϣλϷĴ𸴡 
ŵ𸴣ֻסĿڡ 
Ϸ˼ϡŹֵ¡֮⣬Ϸס 
׾ͺãˡ 
˵ɿռƺڣһգѽӭĵ羢ſն 
󵨣˳߳ƿ棬µ侢գȴ˶¡ 
ž䣬ӲȣӦ켫 
ܱ˸෽Ʈ⡣ 
ףһλŮɾƺŻܷһ䡣 
Ϲ֣սپ㼱У˶ϣ˫佻˿ʴ䣬ƺɼӲĹʱХ֮ͷƤը 
һλŮɣҲͬʱϳ֣˵Ĳ౳˫ƺȶ 
ֻ佻֯޵ѷ쾢ۡ 
һöܴ죬֪²ƺͻȻС࣬վȣһմ棬Сƺصۺϵǰһɲǣ˻ӳһ⣬ٶȿױȡ 
ƶİŮҲһɲǸ֯³ڣռġ 
һ˳Ļ˵ӵٶͻȻһʮ־ˣԶͻȻ·Ե֣ڽѪ߳ 
һŮɴбݵ޹˼ɵظ׷Ϯں˷ȫĪ˵Ľɣ֮ġ 
ߵľʮַḻïδܣƬ̱ϢȻãŮڱĹٵԡ 
㣬죿ɫֲŮҲֲϹ֪Ǻ·ӵĿ֤ˣǰˣǺã 
ϹĿ֤ˣǴɲصġҲе㲻ϵɫ򾲣ϹǱϵÿͣѾԶӳˣǸϿϵǰȥҲܹס 
Ҳֻˡ 
ѾҵƻˣδʵΣضҽҳ䣬ߣ 





       λڳ´ŵĽңǸǵĴլ֮һ ʱ֣˵ｭլԺ⣬ӽ³һ½׷סҡҡɫҵĻˣεЮסˡ 
үӣ㡭˼ô¾ɵطסϽף˼ҵɫѿ 
ţһзÿ͡˵£ǧء 
ǵģүӡ 
ãԺõ˵ơڽϣϰڷѪѸɵŷ⣬չմѪż㡣 
ưſ쵶ͥٵ׵ܽͥҫӽɣ귽˵İŮ 
ͥҫڻУ㷵Ǻ͸ԴԮš 
˵ʱеиԵд̼ıʣû뵽;У㡭 
ʦҸͥҫɤȫˡ 
ѾӦ䡣˳˵Ϊʦǡǰݷѣû뵽;ѵ¡ 
ʱһֱ֪Ұ׷ɱŮصֳ쿴ŷֱɱľȻԼİͽ 
ڣҰľǣȻҵİšڲ˽ݷ֮ǰκ˲й¶˿ڷ硣ɥ£ҪܵؽУǰ麡ˣ˷֡ 
ʱġ 
ݱڵ̶£ǱĴ֡¶Сֵݿջǰϵ꣬ϧ豸ªͶ޵ÿͲôС 
ǰסһλʵˣһλԼʮŮҲᣬС̡ 
ˮµɽعáعôղȹ۲۵Сұ 
ŮסڵСͷɽһͲˡСعæòɿ̷ҩ湻æģ˺ע⣬Ůû˿עľٶ¶ǵҲͬĴĵޡ;Ӳʮֿ¡ 
ں󲻾ãóԵһҩ 
ɽڴͷ͹леҩ֭ 
һûлϿ뿪ɽŵһֻС͵͵УҵţһǸģ԰еָʾ£ط֮μסȻյ 
壬㡭˵ɫһ䡣 
ҪðսۡûлͱʾҲܻˡԺ£ÿԼˡ 
ѽ塭 
˵ӡɽ֣ص˵̼ұٱû̴үȫʮ˶ֿʧܶլԷ١뿪̼ϷԮ;ѵĴա֪űض̴үĽ飬ԸĿƣ»ܣ֪飬ԲŮ;ɱڣټ޻̼ңʹٱ̼׽úܣ̼Ȼʯ١ 
һУٸŹϵݹ̰ΪҪŷӰ칷ٵǰ̡ˣһжȦı 
һҪð룬ڵô˵һز֤ʵҵĲȷ밴ŵָʾȥҿұˡ 
ǣ壬˼Ҵɲðգǰ˱𡭡 
ǰ˱֤ʵף 
ǡ 
ȻһСģһзֱȫֻҪְŮټ֤ʵУһᾡġ 
Ҳᣬ𣿡 
ͬʱʧô˭ȥ˱𣿡 
⡭ 
ѾضԣطϢɣɽָˣסŵָʾҪҪ 
ӯֲס 
ߣɽ˵ 
ǰ۽ˣ˴ǰԶıݵһУԶ͵ʱվһԺڽУǽӴݵλʩĵطһڽͨϾˡ 
ԺһСͧλ۵˼νӴͬ 
ռ㣬ʮദãֻʮ棬˰Ҳٿ˼һڣ¼šڲ͡ͱڽЪޡƽʱͲ࣬еϵ൱С 
һӰݶ̲½ֻһֻͳ׵Ĳ 
˾ɽ쵶ͥٵĺѣһλʦΪ嵶ðǰ۵ĸס 
򿪰ҹ£йٱϣطݱİ̽ 
¹֪ޣֻܴӽͥٵУ֪̼ܵٸѹեĸΡӽͥٵʦУҲ֪ͥٱŮɱһЩжŮŶԶŮɡ 
жһ£ʵһ£ƾ޾ݡжףİ飬û֪ŮʿĶݼǧĵŮϾס 
ðǰ顣ףŮǱأұǷ֣ض׶༪٣ƾһ֦йٱʣѽŮȫһգرġ 
ԶԶأ㿴Լǵƻ 
ƹһ˲ľСǰķƻ𷴶ˣľߡ 
߾Сǰ̽ 
ǰ漸£ͻȻ˸̻ 
ǹƮеĹ 
⣬ϵө衣ͬʱΪһϣҰ˻û֪в֮ǰҹ̽ 
һ󽭷ӭԼᵽĲùϢ 
𲻶ǣƮɢ 
Ȼ⣬ǰߣէէͣ൱ 
أӿڡ 
ףоУһ 
˷ʼת 
еһңһͨȫȫëء 
ӿתУмһλ׵ִָ˸֡ 
һΪԼۻ۾ϸ쿴񣬲ۻǰԼң߶ȼߵϡ 
ˣĹɤУ㣬ַɾˣ 





       öǣҲееµսֻе˫ϥ¹ʧǵԶߵء ˡﲻ 
ˣ㣡Ϊǰ䡣 
졭졭 
ʲô˵ˡ 
ɲ飬ƫƫһ֪йߣĺ滬Ȼһ塣 
ʶһ˵ʮҪ 
Է֪ģô֪ܲʲô 
Ҳ֪ģԷȻҲ֡ 
񣬲֣ô 
ȻѣܵķӦȫǰط˶ѡγйٱʣƽѧɱԾȵľС 
ʱеأװŪΪѾȫδЩȷٿȻ˵̫ˣ޷Ӧ䡣 
顱һйٱʹ壬ߴɽһˡ 
ҲˤһɿµƺұۣҶйٱץùΣδ֡ 
ȻԾ𣬲涫ȿ񱼡 
׷ 
ϴ󵨣׷˳ȡ 
һϮ¼ˡǰˤֻеһ𣬺䷢ 
ѣеһ𣬱ѹסˣһѣһʹ֪ˡ 
˲䣬еȫʧˣԾ磻ʶ뾭ǰĲùϢһǻɢҩ 
ҲϣڿС 
ݵı׳ͷǱܣһֹйٱڶԷĽ̤ͬһɲǣԼĿ 
Ѯ󣬺㡢Ͻ紦ݡ 
ϵĻͤԼʮϱٵΪЪվҲǸҪм 
ٵҹＯһƬڳٵϿյӰޡ죬ﳵ; 
һ㡢еȵÿͣЮһ·ȣһֻڼĹٵϣԲ첻Ľų̣̤ҹϡ 
棬һñһ֪ǿһ˫ȸ·ÿ͡𽥽ʢģҹ·ҪЩ 
棬ͻȻ 
ÿͲŤͷƳһۣ·ϱٵ·ˣƽúܡ 
Ҳܵ룺Ҳƥã꣬ѿɿӰۣ̳ 
ÿͱܵ·ڣ룺ҹЩϱضĿˣҪһȺײɲǺġ 
ڣһƥ󣬴ʿһ̶ĺХĳƽ 
ÿŤͷƥʿеϡǲ£ӶȲ޷ʿò 
һƥ쳬ԽȻǵڶƥ 
һХƥסˣʿһԾ£ǡýÿǰס 
ÿͳһֹ䱸ҹϽ·ǿÿע˶ˡ 
ǰһλ۶װʿϵڱϣͷϴһ̫ƽñƺߴ࣬ҹԿɸе˵š 
Ľų൱졣ʿɤ˵;ҹУμɡ 
ÿһסγɶ½Ƶʿ 
Ǹʲôģÿͳŵʡȣҹ·Щʲô𣿡ÿĲߣ˵ɤҲͯ 
ҹ·ûʲôԣԵˡʿЦƽɶңµ˼ 
һҲ׸µ˼ 
Ůװ 
⡭ÿͳһŮװУʲô𣿡 
ŮװûʲôԣԺݣһйٱʣɽˣǾͲͬˡٺٺ٣λԳعõСɣ 
ǣÿ;ֵؽ°䱸 
С̫ᣬԶ벻ͨǵϢͨݡǳ˴ݹģǵ˳ڵȷϴ˷׷飬һԶߵϲ׷㣬Ҳֵýˡ 
Ҳ֪˵Щʲôÿʹ飺ҲޡҲعá 
ֻһ취֤ǲǡ 
˵ 
°Ѻ˴ȥ֤Ǳʶ㵽ǲعãǻɽʲô¡ߵ𣿡 
ÿһԾɣ·ԵҰС 
ʿ׼ͬʱԾÿ͵ڶ䡣ʿӰθֵһһÿ͵׹ǣѽסİ 
ÿͳ嵹ڵأηתʱµ׵ذѾγ 
ǣ˫Ϊ̫Զˣһ죬ⱻУذַɳ⡣ͬʱҲһʿһţ߹ǡ 
ÿͼУȫһвµһ൱£ߵѣʿסˡ 
ʿ˵ļΪ䱾ʹһƬ̼䣬ղֱͨɣɾ䣬мҼиɻϰȫܶȴӰ졣߶ѡ 
ÿԾٲʹѵվֱʹʿЮߡ 
ʿվٲصٵȴͻȻ·϶һƥһλϣǹ£ɴ˺ѿС 
·𣿡ϵʿͻȻʣƽͣȴлҩζ 
˵˵ʿһһ治õ˵ݹ£ 
ϣιϵЦֵֹسŪζ˹ܣ¿ˣȺŹ׽һλСҿ£ԭµ£һǽ·ǿ¹ܶˡ 
λѺÿ͵ʿ⣬ѵ˺ϵԡ 
ʿ˵̩꣬Ȼⰰ˳ְγڵһ߰ͭȣһߣͭɫԴ죬ƺƽʱ棬ӳǹ⣬ 
ѧġЩһƣϸ߲ǹ¡ 
ʱѾˡʿ׺ݵв 
ΪΣʿʡ 
Ϊ㿴˲ÿ¡Ŷɵ£𣿡 
Ĺƨǵļ£ 
£²һ֮ʣλСֵĻ֤ 
ÿץס˻УкٿֹЮֵס졣 
²ҪšϵƳ 
˼ǡ 



ڰ

       Ҫ ģ 
¹մ²᲻Űɣ 
ûкšιټϵһʲô 
ԡ 
ԣԣļԲԣڼϴ԰ΪǴԴڣѾ֪˰ɣҽѧһֱķǣӶʣǾͲιأʲôʲôԴļպܺõģĿ˵һξ͹ˡ 
ԴۣҹпǺɫģŽߣסĴģһѧķӡ˵Ļ̱Ūڿ֮ 
ʿζҪըˣǺʿüҪһŭһ޳޶ƷХġ 
ԴܣһƵץס˳ޣ޷壬ƺͱץϵġ 
֪԰Դ˵ֵĽһ죬жԷҼ⡣ 
˲䣬ʿһӵϣʣһоۺϣƾˣбХ 
ЦͭҼӰҵͭӰɵ 
˻ûȫأЮÿ͵ʿֻеһѶһˡ 
㲻λСֵܽ𣿡Դƽͣƺղû˽֣ͭߵʿҶѨϣֿסҼͷ 
ҷţҡšֵؿУְ˽ÿͽ 
λʿԼ𣬵ұѷϡǷѼϣʹòס 
ÿ͵ѽ⣬һʹĿڵ 
ҿߡԴ¹еʣǲ߹Ƕˣ 
ûûϣֻֻʹܡܲˡÿͶ϶ش 
ʿҴҲϱ 
ûϾͺáԴʰÿ͵İҵҴҵطЪϢ 
ҡҪš 
Ҫ˳һ̡ 
ллĴ˼ÿţסԴվˣսн 
ŶŮӣѹֺááᲮҰɣ 
ҵľˣү 
¾ͺáʹΪŮܲףǾ鷳ˣܲø㡣 
үЦˡ 
ЦЦģʹЪϢһֹʹĵ衣 
Դ·£İȴȡ裬ٻصȡеˮ« 
µ裬ЪϢƬǾͿԶˡԴµ裬һ£ôһ£Щ˲ǿ 
׷ɱҵˣǴӺ׷ġ 
ݸλڶͥݣԶأ 
ǵģҶز˶ʮ졣 
ǡ 
һѾүˣҸͥ١ 
ѪԵ˵ˡȻ֪Ҳ޵úܡ 
ҵǷ־ЯҰ˷´±롣ѣʶµĺӦҪĺӦӦЩ˹ծ֡ 
˷±룿˵ԴŪеͭߣһΪԺ绽ġСĽˡʶĺӦҾͲ֪ˡĺӦ񲻻ƽװ˱ģҾԲ˱Ҫġֱĳ𡣡 
ҴöݸȪǧӹƱΪ˱ɱ֮𣬼ȰȫҵȥˡҸ֤̼ҡҡ޼ңֱһţֻҪĺӦϳ飬һҵ󡣡 
Ŷ˷ĽΣ 
Ҳ֪޼Ŀֻа˷ϣõĺӦĺӦû˭Ҳ֪䡣˷ȻʾʶĺӦһ˴õĽ顣 
Ҳ 
죬ȥ´𣿡 
⡭ 
㡣үҲʶ´ 
ˣҵİ취¡ 
ү˼ 
ҽн£ҵĹ£½£ֻἸлȭȵĽ¡ 
⡭ 
ҾͲᱻϳˣ˷´صˡңȴϣɹ֮뿪㣬ɹҲһûҸˣ㱨ɱ֮𡣡 
лл㣬үֻǡ 
ֻеίҡ𣿲ؽ⣬Ҳû£ҴӲƽ׵Ŀ˵ڿʼǹܼҽ¡¡С㣬Զ𣿡ԴվһǷʣһλ¡ 
ѽү 
ˣôҡ 
⡭ 
ѽɲҪ¶ŵģ 
¡ڰ֪롣 
ڡС㡣Դһ˵ 
Ϲس¼ңڱǼ֮ѡ 
˷±룬Ҳͽع˾ˡڽϣҲǷƸ׵ļۡ 
һǾǲ֪ϸˡദƬ̣ɿøĺѣֱϵ֮󡣲֪ڸ 
ˣڽϷԵÿת磬ԷƸꡣ 
Ĵºţͽа˷ꡣ 
ĩ֮䣬´ʼˣͨڼӼһЩѣԱЩǱΪǣϵ鷳ν 
--------------------------- 




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弯
һ

       һƥŸΪôĽɰӣߴᣬɫͭԴǣ̤¼ҵĴԺӡ ´үЦڴӼԶͣٲ˿һһźȰ٣Ŀ࣬ľϣ˵Уǰмֳߵķȡ 
һԶĽȱλ´ʮֺøС 
ԴЮֻ£µĽԵ൱нλ¼ҵĽͣһϣ˷Ը 
ͳ´ţ´ȹĿ֪ˡ﹧ؽųϣĿ²⣬˼ҿ⵽ˣţ˵˼ҵ顣 
һ˵һӯ 
˷꼱ţϸ꣬ɫٱ䡣 
ɶ񣿡ų鰸ŭСʲôô󹷵ǻòͷˣȻҼҰ˷ѣҸûûˡҪ£֪ľһ˵һҵĺѡңҶˡ 
ｫ֪¡һ˵ˣֱ˵׷ϵľ 
ȻѾԴ⣬˵һˣͻȻڽҪͷ򱧲ƽͽߣҲһȥء 
˷һֱ侲ֱͽ׷ɫ 
϶ͽǴ׷ģ˷꼱׷ʡ 
ǣΪἰ£֪Ȩض׶༪١˵ 
˵λ֪ˣǡ 
ĸͽ˲ᣬұ۷ˡ 
Ŷô˵һɵӻˣǰ׷飬Ҳһº 
үǲˡµԴӿڡ 
£ã˷ʡ 
үǿĺӦʱĺӦѵʩбӦˡ 
е 
үСǧӹƱԴ˵عֵǧң֪ 
⡭һ˷ͷ㲻ҲޣҰ˷뱨Ӧ顣ǲʨӴ󿪿ڵġĺˡ 
Ǿлл´ˡɫΪЩ⣬£ϡ 
ǣС㡣ԴӦţӰȡһֻfκнתʡ 
˼ֵǧĽɫ˷ϣʱе㲻õɫ¶ 
һһǧҲȷʵЩ 
ȥ١˷ϵĲúܿʧˣ㰲ţȥĺӦǰԷģһҡ 
һˡмԳϵл 
˵˵¾ҵ£ؿҡ 
СڡһӦ 
ȥ﷿еĺﰲ١Ͻ£ڿչˡ 
С 
йƱ£ȽҺˡ˷תЦЦ˵ĺӦкüˣʱܲ˵ӲӥҪȸһּۿġ 
õġȡ͹Ʊϣȫλһл´ȫ 
ˣ˷Ȼ˵һס죬¼ҵдÿ죬ܳԴһ棬治ס 
ʱ֣űϣ͸˲;ߣһòȥ½һˣڿͷԹµƺ˼롣죬Ƕꡣ˷һֱܲ棬͸˵˳²ңˣев֪ĺӦˣû䡣ѹǲ 
˷ԺжŮʵŪȻҲʣ֪ӴŮ˱ΪǸʮ꣬Ůˣôʮֳɫǰ˷ĵڶ檡 
ĿҾڶ棬мһһЩԵС쾮ȡŮ͸һ쵽мһ͡һ֪֮⣬˵Ľء 
Ůǲʱǰ꺮ůΪȳϣˣķŴš 
һֱԹۡйԴȴһٶۺʱŶš 
ǲԴĶ̷ϣ޴˱Ҫ̫鷳ˣң˶ڣûһˣ;ǰŹŴ̫࣬еⲻȥ 
ԼЩŮ˵Уһûжô÷ӯ 
ȣ󣬵Сûзȵĳгڷڴ˵£Ȼеϴ 
һ衣ϴԡߵƿˡ 
һȻ 
ǰ˷꣬һϮͼۣԵ˲һͣ˵ĵ߷״̬Ž˵Ǳ 
⼸ûϰ߰ɣ˷Цңеضʧְ 
´񼱼ӿڣ˵ȣʮм 
˷裬ֱ˷£пԴ͡ 
Ҿͷˡ˷һڲ衣ĿƵעȻɫˣüĽһôԵĵడ 
ĸо൱оЩʲôˡ 
´⼸Ϊ£ࡣڴʮָм֪ 
Ѿר̰ĺӦ񡣽⡣˷һ˵ϣĻϢ 
´˵ǲӦȻˡ 
Ҫ֪ĺӦֻһ֯ĳƺţˣʮӴҵ˵Ще˵һȺһȺɱ֣ˣǵļߵþˡ 
⡭һǧӣѾʮӴ󡭡 
˵ӴˡһλһĹҲֻаʮӡ˵ˡһɽʲôأ 
⡭Ҫ١ 
ǵϢΪͨ˽һһ٣ʮӾ͹ˣͱһʮӣѾ֪һ̵Ľ 
һ̣ʲôһ̣һͷ¶ˮô֪ϵ£ 
׽̡˷˵ǽףһɾĿ 
ѽĺӦ񲻸ҡ 
ĺӦûʲôҵģֻðķմ󣬼Ҳѡ 
Ҫ 
ӡ 
찡塭ؽС 
ȲҪ̸δѾӵǧֻȶԷ𸴡 
ǧǣȫҵ 
عﵢģǷȱ֣ϸ͹ϣȫǷӦҪ֪ǽ飬˶ӡ彻ֻܼһݣϾǮ 
ǡܼأ 
ҵĵľһ㡣˷̾һ£һԴͬԮޡҾΪˡͬԽһǧٵ˲ģ 
´¡ó´ͬޣ൱Ȼ벻ĺӦֻ 



ڶ

       ˷һ侲شƬ̡ ĺӦû˸һ̡˷ɫ˵̸ףʮӣҲ벻ȡˡ 
ϾʶһЩˡԴĻˣ٣ԡ 
ºˡ 
ǵģǼҸı۰򡣡 
 
ܸģ´Ͼ綯ã졭 
ʲôߣ˷ɫһ䡣 
ǵģƱͻ 
ʲô˷ɫһ㲻˵İɣƱѾĺӦ̸Уô˵л 
һɫ԰ײ֪롣 
¡´Ծ˵̸УôܾȽأֻˣ⡭ѾӦˣȻ 
ȻдӦĿܣΪʾҵĳ⣬һЩʽҲһей档 
⡭ʽµ˼Ȼߡ 
˵˷סӿЦ⣺òģĺӦɣҶӦˣһӦġ죬Ҵȥǵ˺òã 
⡭õġﲻòӦ֪Ὥһġ 
ȻҪߣƹ˷Ĵһ죬ְסˡ 
ٸˡ˷ЦЩҪ 
´ɷ񽫽̸ʲô֪±Ҷ࣬ҪҪأãĺӦ񿿲סµأɷ˽ 
ҵ£ɱ֮뽭ºθɡ 
´ǼҸŵˣʶ㣬κξ֪Ҫȥ 
㲻ң 
¡˵ٴξٲ 
˷Цһٴ衣 
´Сʲô 
˵ 
Ҫڳ˵ 
ߣЩʲôˣ˷һ䡣 
˵û˸ףĺӦҲҡȥ£ȥ˰ɣԺšҪ¡˷¶βˡ 
㡭˵һз䡣 
˷Цһƴ㡣س£һСõӺûοȥ 
㡭㡭 
˭㻹ףҰңҪ 
³͵·౿Ůˡ˷ЦȹﱼţŵɲǼ䣬ں˳ҡһץ 
ˣվᵶŵĴ󺺡 
һѲ죬Ա˺ơ䣬һֻεħ֣ץűӲ˺ġ 
бΧӣŵ˫һסδ£Ȼˡ 
ѵס˷ţϴ· 
С 
죬Ҽؽڸһƣ˫ʧȥһɣ¶ 
Ĵ߷񡣰˷ץס´ͷת˺¿㣬ɸһ˿ҵİ 
һڴϡ 
УηŲ 
СŮˣˡ˷վڴǰжۣɫеԹԵ̫үֵӣҲ㡣һȢ߷檡㲻ʶࡣߣ̫ү֮󣬰Щ̷ 
ɱġ 
㻹ûѧԡ˷УһѾסķڴϣһְס¶鷿һһ֮£ʹС 
Ҫε˷ЦԺ㻹ҷ𣿺ߣ 
ģҡҡС 
ֻǿߡ˷꽫ˤڴǰѵ¶źëҰ˷ǿеǿߡ 
еƻѾˣӦòڵˡ 
𣿡˵ȷڷд 
˷ڽɴһת 
ԺֻסԴһˣȻн¡ 
һס죬λϵرӾɫ̸ƣĲį 
һڣλȫˡ͵Сһϯĸ˷־ķ˴ĸ˿Ǣ 
ѾһƣһλСġ 
˵֡λдĳҡӹƺͷ˵ΪΪĺҲмʶô֪һ׽̵£׽ں㡣͡ϣúء 





       Ǻǣ֣˵إǰϹ¡ԴЦƺӿ׽ףѾĴ֪꣬ںδܹͷĴЩͽͽɢ˾֣ڸŶ˹ʳ׽Ͳ֡ǺǣԼƣҵ ʲôЦƣ˫պӺ֡־ǽǲݣҸƯŮˣ 
ŮˣˡԴ˾Ʊʹ֣ҵõŮ˯ 
Ȼȣɻ 
գԺŮ˺ܶܶࡣԴ󲢲ںȵоƣ´֮湻ܵġ֣˵ 
ʱ˵ѽɱȸΪձ 
ԣҸɡԴˬһںȸ˱оƣһ·ϲз¶ޡ̺ŸҿҳԵĴС㣬ŮֻܹۣĿգŮˣһҪҹơ֣áСеͷͷΡءˡ 
һɡơ 
 
ڣԴһͣɨ˱꣬һ֮£²ʡ 
ϵ԰ȥˡͬһ˵ʶôöֵЯдһʲôС;Ȼ޶ԣĹСǰӡ 
һȥԴҪߣô֪޶Ĺ˵˼Ұ;˯һŴˡҸұ֤үһʧ 
ʧôſʡ 
үΪСŮǻƻŮѽڣһһֻһƹӣСŮ˶ͱСӳʣʧףһأϲأߣһѡ 
ͺһ¾Ʊƹ 
ûãһҩҲϲλ°˵ңԼȥˡں˵ģ¡ס 
Դ˫һֱ֣ס˵⣬ء 
ǺǣԴ̧ͷЦ¾ĲɺҩԷϽ񲻳Цɣ 
ͷصˤҵĺʵשǽϣԴ˻ 
Ҵ󺧣ץС 
ǣһɲǣصİͬ꣬ɽһȥ˴ʱѹñΣعȫۼ˱ˡ 
ɱЩʧԴ棿Դ׺ݺݵ˵ŪϨ˵ƻ𣬴̤ˡ 
п˼ҵĿͷ㹻һ˻ 
龰൱Źۣ顣һ˼־ˣһƵ׳һڴŵŮڵƹ¡ 
˷һ¡ڵԴʱӿɻͷŭ 
㣡λȻС 
Ϊ˭㣿Դ˫ֲվģԵӢΰͦˣһ֮䷿ӣǿеǿߡ 
㡭ôģ 
ɱеˣɱġ㻨칤׷׷ɱЩ˵ϸȷ֪к󻼣򽭹ж񶾵Ⱥɳצɺҩҡ԰˿ӣҪ󻼣׹ȫլŮ㡣 
ô㡭 
˷걾ͲǸƾֻ죬͵޳ܵĻ쵰쵽ĵλ뼰ӵаҲƣ˵еÿһǮÿһأǴӺŪģմѪȡ 
˷±룬ѵŮһɾġҪټұɱ֮ĺùɥ񹲷ֶȺѾˣͶļ֡ 
ȥôѵŮ˷ŭУֻһ֮ԵƼˮͨѡѵŮ¸ûıҪ䱾Ͳƽǿʳ硣Ұ˷֮нĵλǿߡ 
㲻ǽĳҲ侮ʯòƭĺӦн顭 
±ĺӦн顣 
ģ 
ûƭ˵ıҪ 
ɲʶ㡣 
ϻ 
ұָĴպĺӦƭˣƻĺӦš 
һӦӲʿȡֻ꣬Ӻȡۡ 
ûмˣǮǱְҵϵͳȻ޸ġ 
ĺӦܺн飬ǷǵɱˡƭơƭɫһƲֶΣʮŲ 
Сӣ㻹治򵥡˷Цû뵽ǼͰ£û׳ĸף˲йĺӦϢ֪̫ˣɣ 
ֳһצſշµХצĻΪ 
Դб鲦һХԶԲͻȻƽߣƺĳֲɼƶƶʱ̶Ĺ 
˷һɫһ䡣 
ԴҲɫһĿէ֡ 
һɱţ˫Ըе⡣ 
˷һ˫һᣬһ߳ͷŭƵϣ˫צץʮ־ˣ 
ԴбǧһצѳŤתһżɡ 
һ죬һɨڰ˷Сϡ 
˷Ļң̫ܵͣȲεɶǡ˻ԭλŵʱǧ飬ǿվˡ 
˲䣬ŵ͵رƿһһŮҰس룬Ůǰ˷ĵڶ檶 
ен룬ԴıӰʱֹԴθİ˷귴 
飡ԴȣŤơ 
һһŮĵԴаߣƾ壬ͳͻȻֹһ𣬽ʧֶأѪӿȻ˫һ㵹 
˷굹ˣ˫צץ 
Դμ䣬˫òץµ˫צҽǰһ߶а˷ 
˷ĺˣ¸һͷԵ 
㡭ģ˷ѵؽУ㡭˭ûûܡ֮ҪҪҵģ㡭ǡ 
ҾĺӦ֮һԴվñֱ 
㡭㡭 
Ҳʶ㡣 
һ˷ˣҡǵΪΪ 
Ѿˡ 
ܹҡҡֻſںûû뵽ѡҵĺ桭 
⣬Ϊزݡ 
ҡ 
Ҳˡ㡭 
һУ˷ȫһĶֻצ֩룬ֽŲԴȥ 
ԴһһöԷַƱһڰ˷ıҪϡ 
--------------------------- 





       ̼Ѳط࣬ͨйܲټηԷٵıʣаʱ⡣Ϊκαʶͣ͡ ȫݵˣѽ̼ҡҡ뼰ԺַƲʵֻˡܿʧȥȥ 
ĸı䣬ż˵пߡԼǣҹܷ㾴ˡ 
ްۣһ㣬ûӽˣƺ͸ˡ 
ڼ䣬¡ݡݵãȻˮ½ͨ衣ݱһĴ󲺣̷ɢĴǣɽɽļɢء 
еͨһЩˣЩˣÿ˶Ϊæȥȥƽúܡ 
죬Ŀʹ˳ϵԴͷ 
һλСֺԼʮ£˲һÿͣһװʩ̤ӵͷ 
棬һλإòãϲʱɵЦ㶴󺺣һֻһᡣ 
һλ׳ĵӭϣЦ 
λԶջʦү﹧ʣСźջĵ֣壬صطǰӭӵġЩͽӵĿţ˵ʦүബֵء 
¾Զջ·֮һÿҲ˵ջݵ汦ϵ汦ءɽɽϵĿԣҪһʱնȶ˹ķ䣬ͼ· 
֣һӣ׳Сơ 
ʦүЯҡ֣̫ͷСˡ 
ͷ˶ӣһЩһˮ㣬һЩڹ˺ҲڷֹﷸȻЩ˴л 
ǵĻƺûκ˵ע⡣ 
һƿǰӰСһʦү˭ 
СＸƵһ 
Сݹ֡ʦүǸλǱֺŵĻţͷֱֱǣĹţǾͱˣõö 
ʦүС֣ҡҡͷЦʾλСߣ·뿪ͷ 
˳ǣ˲ࡣ 
֣ʦү࣬λСѾˡʦү·ⷽλСߣ 
û֣ʡ 
ݲһЩʦү˵ǱߡܻһЩλʦүȥ 
ˣ 
Ҳ崦̳ƺ綼У˲׽룬Ի֪顣ѿɶ϶ǣѳɣѾ򡣡 
ûȥۣ 
ݾߡɹֵǣƺ䡣 
ͿתעѽʦүЦЦ˽֮ٶ۵ļƻ 
ȥ 
ҡ 
ȥ𣿡 
ģһᡣŶʮ졭 
ջ൱ḻ 
Ȳջûǵעɣ 
벻ᡣǴӴǷ˵ǮƵծƽˣջҲҿǵͬࡣ 
·Ϣ 
ûС磬᲻ᷢ⣿ 
⡭ӦòᡣλСûúܡ 
̸̸˵˵䣬Ǯ 
ÿͽһλС˵彣βһλĲŮꡣ 
Ů껪˫ʮһ˫Ŀ䣬磬޾סںŮҲɫЯᣬŸں档 
ףŮкͼıʦүɫһ䣺ⲻϰߡ 
һ֦篣˲Ѳ졣֣Ҳ⣺һЩĵ͸аšҲйأ 
Щʦү֣ص˵ΣоѰա 
һġ 
УֻµŮˡںţЦ˵ʶλӢ𣿡 
齣룡֣оɡʿŷ磬 
彣Ľ϶һŹԲ飬ǽɫġ 
ٰţЦˣħǲڶдпɣǱ뱶СģһǳĺӦġ 
ġʦүʡ 
ûвܵ£ӦգţէէҲǲز֮ٶԲߡ߰ɣעˡ 
ʵóƵʮľһ˲ءھе٣ϿѵȺǨˣֱɲľЩ޵ʵǰ۵ϵ 
οͽϡҲս٣۵ʮϵԵøΪУûʩţ޵Ĵûᡣ 
һڣϱ㲻˻۳˵еĳ⣬ƻ 
һӰβԽҰС 
֮ǰǴͷӽġ 
ˮޣ˴βӽ㽭ˮܴβ½ 
ӰǴβ½ġ 
ԼҪ񡣽ԶڹΧأľойǱ֪۵ľǿˡ 
Ӱɲһ͵͵ǴģŲݶУֱߵɭϵķ 
ҹͨ˽ҹ£жȽ䡣Ӱȴ⴩һҺɫ磬ƺûе߶ʱƮƮ൱ 
ӽһԣͻȻһХŹӭƮӿ 
Ӱ⣬ȶֱԴ̤ӽ 
ɡɡ 
ХͻȻ߲ҰɫֱǡüΪˣ۶˸ֱڱӰУܹƮǹ¿Уѵ 
ӰһҲԾ̩Ȼֹ 
ǹ£ӰҲ൱ˣлƵͷ֣¶٣Ҳ˲ƣƺĹҪˡҺɫ糤棬ҹ俴Ǻɫģվֱ󿴲ֽţͷһֱͲ˲˹ 
˹ԡ 
ŨռﵴŲùϢ 
һߺԶ˭Ҳȿڡ 
ߺʵģֻ˺´˺ͷǰӻ·ѣ粻߽ѷ󣬵Сй֣һ˸ѻɣϸ죿 
̣˫ƶֺ 
Ƭ̣Ӱﱩͷҹɷˣƿǰҡ 





       ӰǱۣͻȻһ켫ͻȻûûˡ ȥ˻ڣͷֻ¶٣һضӰ˫ָһԼǶͥľŵʹõľһ²ҲС 
һգ˫֮أμ䡣 
ӰͻȻԭʧûǡóʹ˵һĳ 
ʹ˫㻹ûأͻȻǰƽɰ˳ߣһ͵ǰֱߺǵм䷽ֹͣʹ 
ӰվԭأԲƺղŲûκ¹ʡ 
дһȣһλ˾ڣ˷µϵнз 
ߺƿϵӰԡ 
ٷ𣡡ϵװǻƳַף̣ǵڼλӦ񣿡 
ӰƺһĬƬ̡ 
ϲĺӦλݣѹˡϵٴλףһǰѾ׼ùλĴݣû뵽δ˿ݱ㶸Ȼ֣ίʵƶλͨ 
ͨǹ󡣡Ӱ˵ˣȻ֪ĺӦҪ˲𡣡 
ʵͨ޹ء 
δ֪ 
δֻ֪ܱෲӡǰ̽ڶƶͲݣҲϳסݿջɽ֪ݣͿԲС˭ˡƶڳµ飬ӪˣҵĶӱɢüҲƣȪֵĹƱҲѲֱͶ˷꣬ƶȻӰ˷δצУȷ֪ضѾҵĺӦ񡣡 
֮ţ 
ƶĺӦ֪λ书ϰ߱Ӧķʽֶεȵȣİ㶨λڼ䣬ɵ鲼ͣȻϲλ㷢ˡ 
ǺǣŲߣ񣬿˵ڲ֮أʤһ 
Ȼλ书ɲ⣬ƶ֪֮ޱʤİաǿƶλǿ 
Ǻǣɷʾɺţ 
ƶ顣 
ŶĿ¿ڣ 
ʦδܷڹСʩ̡ 
ĺӦģͽĺˡĺӦ񾭳գǧٻɲؼƽ׵ĳν½ǰ֪ͨǵ⡣ĺӦ´Ӳ³çðʧӲԶĿ¹һϸ飬ԩˡ̼ҡҡ޼ҵѪѾþϸţ̳թɱ˵֤֤ȷ䡣硣ڳǶϰǵˮӼ棬ǰ¸ԱĻᡣ 
ϽϢתʦ𣿡 
ʩƶҸ𣿡 
ýԣ͸档 
ɱ˸ĸĺӦû֪ɱ˶ٽúδ̫ˣŭѷλõ𣿡 
еˣֻһӦһһ£˭ҲӲҲ⣬ⲻҸ棬Ȼлǡ 
Ҫߣ 
ǵģкθ߼ 
߲ˣʩ 
ģ 
㿴ϵ÷һָ 
˷кӰ֣ 
һЦӦĵӰӣէէ֣ʱʱʱݵ⣬ֺһټš 
߳밵Ʒ䣬Ƭ̼䣬ʧȥӦӰ 
׷Уϵһ÷йĻᣬзһ룬ĿԶȥˡ 
Ӧ񵽵ǴӺηΧߵģ˭Ҳ֪ 
ҹйصˣԿԸо΢ı仯뽭ѸоΪѿԵؿͻȻ 
ƽԭԶСɽһѣͨʯ·ʮ⣬ɽɽµɽǱݵߴҵڵء 
˭Ҳ֪йعݵԶŴšɽȷɼһ֡ҵ˱콣Ĵׯׯɽܵ֡ 
ׯ¥˿͵ĵط¥㣬ϲۼĵȡɽһ¥ڵ 
ң¥ĹȺۻۣʮʢŮס˵д£һƷ̸һȺ硣 
콣Լ٣ڽڱǸȨҲǱߴҵĵһңԶͥϱϵĳ¸ֽߣάõĽ顣 
䣬̬δйͬ㡣ᣬ⣬ƺԹ˵ļ콣ԺݵԾӣѵ̬һһ 
طϹȨļƵˣΪԶԱ㱣ԼλֶΡ 
ĵط̣ͬԶظޣѺõ罻顣Զģһĳʿ򱣳ֽ飬άֺԲӰԼΪԭ򣬳Խĳһ̶ȣͱȡжȹԼĵλˡ 
쵶ͥ٣ǳµʿ뱱콣òϵ鲢ϴο쵶̼ͥҶڼ䣬ɽ콣ڼҡͥٷҰ;£Ҳ֪Ϣ 
˵Ӧò֪ 
λϴİپ޳òа˷޳ƣĸݣƽñλͷһϮİۣüʮעĿŵ޳൱ء 
ǰȷ֪ĺӦѾˡԱ콣Ļ˵ÿУݾ൱ȨƣطϵӢۺܵȷд󲿷֣ˣöģϢԲλǰǣλôڽϣͬʱõӦ˵ϢλԼͬ˺ᣬҪṩλǷԵһԿé 
Ϸϴʱиðʧڷ󺰴У˵ӦѾִپ޳ɭɭ˵Ϸ׷ǼһѾˡ 
µϢԵһӢĶʿŷ˵̬Ϊλϴþߵĵ˵ǶϷλÿ˵ġλÿͣѾȥˡ 
źϽֲ쿴ƣڽֿһλѲסһλʡһ֦篽촩ɫȹʩǦֲʱɫˣǻԼʮͷҼ̣˵һԳƱӦˣ׷ʰ޵ȥ򡣡 





       һŪˡųƽİ֮һºŽ鹬ٵ˵ĺӦȱض嵱صƣбģйȻȥַڻ£ĺӦ׾ӡн죿͸ڽˣвǽͬ· ô˵һ֦Ϊã٣ϢӺζǴϵİɣ 
ϵҲãðҲգ֪ˡһ䣺ο뼰⼸ĽʮǰʿԼǰ˵أұӦڵ龰жϣ±ŪнˣһЩĵŪˡ 
˼ָ 
ϲûӦñȵЩУЩ˲ʱգЩշȴͬһñӦ񵽴Ϣڴ֮ǰȻ޷֡Щ֮УЩΪЩΪƣЩӦѵ룬ĿֻһɱĺӦΪͬ¼£ôɺϣ֪ضǰ˲߻Щƭ˵أĳıڣ˴ʣĺӦ˵ʲô˭ôı£ǰϵĺӦߣҪϣ 
ﲻʣҲ֪ĺӦΪζꡪ֦ȻԽһ龿ǰĺӦɱ˳ݵĿӥ˰»ӥǱıף﷢Ҫǽͬ˽֪¡ĺӦԾӣԴкͬ˭뽫㵶У͸¶ǵϢָǰԸǣҸ˱ﲻٺôԱˡˣ㱾ˣϣڽѰǱ𣬶Աﲢʧˣﲢûϵĸов߻˱׷ǵͼı˭ϵΪƭ֣Ǿ͸Ͽ뿪ü 
֣ǻ˵ЩϻȻѾˣ԰񲻽Դϲڵ뢶ϻ깳¡˵ĿеҪձӦ٣ؽ豾صֹȷϢĺӦĿ½صĻ쵰ǧ򻯣˭Ҳ֪ǵĿ¶ݣ˭Ҳ֪ϼ˵֮ĳһλǵĻأܲȥңǲǣֵֻͷڶ࣬Чҳ 
һ콣æӿڣ⻰̫Զٸ棬ѾˣٸʽԹΨһҪǣλ˶ϣɲҪɱѪ岽ŪһŮŸߡѾɵߣ׷ټöкϢλ밲ĵȺ򣬱б 
һλӴҴڱ콣Ƭ̡ 
콣ɫʱڱ䣬ʱͷ 
λ콣վ֣ص˵ѾȷϢʱ֣ĺӦңڳˮԼᡣΪⵢλ£ǰϯλһ٣Ԥףλɹ 
ϰǣϲľԴ䣬ܲߵĺõطҲ¿۵ĺõط 
ǣʵһС壬ʷԶӴ˵ص˿ѽǵĵʵˡ 
ˮӣһٽ¥ǱصĹżڣӽһˮӷһЩƷйӦοʳʳˮԱ㽭ķ⣬ϴֻ·ŵһ˳ˮƯҲ羰续 
ƳޱͷСֱϵǣ;ʱһЩο͡ 
صľĸоɣЩᵶҽˣŸʽؿ˵кιɣ 
еˣɴرܵԶԶģЩ˿ 
ʦүͬݳǵĸүƣ̤ްţĶɷļǮڶɷС 
鷳㣬ࡣţЦ˵ָָѾǰ˵彣οͱӰ嵶治٣ϸҪرСˡ 
ǶǴµӢۺúɷЦЦΪЩֿǲǣ 
ǿɲһŶţٵ˵ϰ˺ˡ 
˶ɴˣֻһϵľǰλүòãһϮۣ˽аٱң궼Сˣ¶Ӣش̤ǰУˡ 
СֱչԽһ֣ǰ·ҵУͻȻ١ 
λһ˵ӥĿشλ彣ˣüеĴ룬ƺһֻ۾⡣ 
㣿ʶ𣿡λһ˫ü彣ʣŲͣˣǧѿ 
ⲻʶա 
갣üĵƣѾֳٵˣ²ʶ㡣 
Ŷλǡ 
Ӧ˵չλסСطɽ 
Ŷԭ̩ɽ˫֣ʧʧ 
кָ̣ 
λȻǳĺӦģ 
 
ĺӦˣΪ٣ĿЩѾ֣¸е˹Ƶˡ 
˵̩ɽ˫̸֣չĲмƲƲ졣̩ɽ˫¡´ӲֽҸ 
֣ҪֵĽӿЦ³һӲĿòҪֵܵĲ· 
⵲λĲ·ṩЭλɱֵҵУǳ͵Эλ޺ 
ߣǸꡣչ䡣 
һ⡣鹬õ˵ҪԼĺʿʧԼҲ֡λľߡ 
̩ɽ˫ûоߡҲƽκξߡչ˵鹬ʶЩټ 
˰Ȼˡ鹬ŭ뷢ȴסˣӽʦүһۣٿ̤ﳤȥ̩ɽ˫ıӰһȻ·ԵΡ 
ʦүүŷһһ̸Ϻ¡ 
ʦүһţ˵ 
ôʦүŤͷʡ 
ţ·һָСϡ 
õġ 
Ǿǰ治ԶүǰһָͲ·ģ·ֻһ 
ţһ꣬Ӱ 





       ٲڣ۰Ͱͽ۵ȣϣȵˡԼʿʧԼǰͼıȺƣȷʵе˹ƵƲʹҲˣһ̸ ȵĽͻȻһЦɴһ͵ 
࣬ţһϣɵɵЦаҧһҶо 
㣿㲻ǸղŹȥ𣿡ȻʣȻû뼰ԷΪֹ֪黯Ĺɡ 
ѽһ𣿡ţЦ˵ 
ʲô 
̸̸ 
̸̸ǡ 
Ӧ룬ǰԸĺӦģ 
Ӧ˵ǰĺӦΪͬģǼˣǺڵŲˣǲٲ·Ƕҷָɡ 
ǺǣǲΪ񲻰Щͬα캦»õ£ 
˵˵㡭 
Ҫ֪˭ָǰ˵صȺӦģ 
ȥĵʲôҲ䡭 
ҵȻǶˣҲ񡣡 
㡭 
ӦĺӦ֮һ˵䲻Ϣ 
ٴһȻɫ 
ð˲أСӾȻҪð䱨Ӧǲǻˣ˵³ȫ㣬ɣߺ 
УּץЮµڸֱޣһɲǣӰӭѹǧƼ壬Ҷżͬһ˲䱻У˫ס졣Сűϥǻˣһʹˮ̱ʣ֮֮أױȡ 
ǰУǳǰƣк壬̶ԼԶ 
СǰУԶٵķ֦ҶвԸ 
ţ״ԶͻȻûûʧˡ 
ҲˡڸٱҲû¡ 
ϵ꾢װȺ󵽴Ƭ̡ 
ףأһλϵɵʡ 
ģڸʲôһλϵð˵ 
оĽХԼôܵˣ 
ѽ׷ȥˡһ󺺲쿴ĺۼһָⷽߵġ 
׷ˣߣ׷ȥˡϵЦ׷ˣӦòϷǸȥҿк£鼱ӵˡ 
׷ȥ󺺲ġ 
δ׷ߣߣºۼ׷ҿ 
ȻԶʮಽ⣬̤ݵĺۼʧˡ 
ʦүүִǣţ 
ˮĵò󣬵ʳȴ棬ٽһ棬ӽ˹µȣϲʳͣȵʳʳ 
οͲ࣬ȣʳͶȽʳʮึƵͷˡʱ֣ǿҪŵʱ⣬ʳͽʾ嵭 
ӭүǴ˵صĳͣݳĸȻܵ𾴡 
ţһݵλүƽƽ 
ԶֳصζүЦ˵Դ˵صˮӳʦ 
ʲôζʦүЦʡ 
ʯ㣬ΪЩ¾Ʋˣϡ 
һֻˮͰͰдˮÿͰڵ㣬Ȼֱһÿ˹Ŀ 
ԴЩСͷ˫ƣͺĸ 
νش˫ʯ꣬ζϸүԽͣͥذʯϢڴ;Ϫβ 
ЩʯǴӾϪģΪԲ䣺ҪСЩ׽˺ܶ࣬١ϪǹҲ׼滧룬ЩԳһࡣүգ˵ҪСͣβġ 
л¿ڸǳأүʦүȻ˵ɽԹҰµ㣬ƺôóԡһֻС㣬˵Ǻ˵ʵЩ 
Ǻǣ֣ûԹɽҰԣҿ㱣֤ʯü֤Թ֮ٳԡүű֤ػֹ㣺ëͺ㣬û˵ɣ 
λʳͣȫǴָ첲ȭͷĺӣ嵶һ彣˫۲סһݶλ彣ĺͬ鲻ʱͷӶ̸ʱͻȻͷ͵ؽصϡ 
Ǽèлôࡣ彣˹۱Բһ󣺡ǰ䲻ѽ 
дɨ˴үľˣ̫үǶ½ȥιԡ 
Ǳݵĸݵλ߸ϣκεطܵ𾴣ܹ裿 
ףôүõ˵˵ô񣿡 
彣˺һٿȻ 
үҲһ 
ү¡ʦүסүЦЦôţǡ 
彣˹ˣ˫ֲס 
ţߡʦүţ˵㲻˵ĵ̫λְµúأ 
ţζס˱ү彣ˣһһЦһɽ㵲סȥ· 
ҿ㳤òӵ۾ţɵɵأȴ˵úܣӺܡȣȭͷмأ 
˵䣬ŭ彣˷ŭȭԱţ˫ơһƫš 
飡ȭ˴ţߡ 
ǰȭûȫȭȴ׺ݵɱţ˰˳ھԻĥ̴ľʯ 
ţһէ֡ 
⹷֣ţðˣñ˵־Ұһǧ뵱ðҴ 
ۡ彣׺ݵٴγȭ͹ļǿµڼؾ٣Ƶ߹ǺСֺֿ׼ÿһٽػ 
βˣɽ̩ȻܶԷȫĹ˿ƲҲҡΣȭϼȺҲὫȭ 
ȭֱĿ 
ϴСģһλ嵶վ𼱽С 
ȭһĿϣҲͬʱ彣˵գһᡣ 
彣˾Уҳͷת 
һֽУǰ嵶˷Ծ˫ͷţɽ 
һЦԳ˫һֻ֣µĴǯǯס嵶˫׹ǣȥԷƣһɽޣתһѣһЦֽӳ⡣ 
ˮݣ⾰̲ˮжʮϡˮʱˮǰ 
嵶˾ţ㵸ӳʮಽ⣬һˤ¹һཬֱˮʣˮļ 
ڶ嵶˻ٰεһ 
彣վˣǲ԰ףȻٵתϺ죬ָȻ 
ҵ۾۾彣˿Уۿˣۿ𽥱ڡ 
õţεֵһָһĹצӣ⹷ġ 
ˤˮǱߡ 
ϣˮ˿УƤԣϴߡ 
жһŮɣ 
ףȵһ֦ʤȣһ˫ˮĿ˫ֲЦţСӰѹӢ仨ˮ𣿡 
ǺǣʦүŴЦ㲻۾ 
ӢȰߡ 
ûӢ군ˡһ֦ĻҲ൱Ұϴĺɽȭң鱮ʯȴýп죬аšιɵСʲôˣ 
ҵĻƣҲӡʦү˵ 
ںҿλû뵽Ȼۣλȷ˲¶񡣡 
ʲôŮˣţһ֦д£˵ˣѵҿɼˣ 
𣿡һ֦Цü˵ 
ǣǸСӡ 
ţ㿴Цȭ⣬öԷĴȭͷ 



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       ࡣȭͷһֻûһ֦Ť˽С߽֣֫װǻҪĴȭͷ һĴȭͷһִƵָƵ׳ʵš 
˫šβ߿См˲ߴҪѨ֮ĵѨ׼ݣ磬ͬһ˲ߴѨ 
ЦֺġŮ˺Ưһץã治 
һ֦ȻˣǼ˹ 
ò˵İپ޳֪ʱһԣŨŨľ顣 
篣ָ̫Ȼáپ޳ȻУСһĺӦ񡣡 
𣿡һ֦ɵɵʣ֪˭ʡ 
ϷһԱ֪پ޳ɭɭ˵˫Ĭˣص޳ǰһָ 
ţһԾ̲ 
ϲҹپ޳ֽУǸʲôʲôСʲôһܲˡҪɢϹͷ½ιˣ 
ʿ뱱꽣죬ͬС 
һҰĻСӣǱӦ񡣡ʿ콣˵ڵѰپ޳ 
ԣǰҴ˶󡣡콣ʾͬ⡣ 
ǣپ޳ɹܲô࣬ţǲǱӦִҰκҲܲˣһŭУԾȣδմأ޳ǰһ죬һ죬ͷһö궤âһ 
ţ෽Ծ䲻ݷرܹһ룬ǰ濴ӰǴɻܵͣˣӹһ١ 
پ޳ŭϮʧܣŭɶƿ˳һȥƳһƵ޵ 
ţ˫ŵأ³ʹͣסǷ»վ𣬾ѶƵһ 
ȫأԾѣһѣǰŵشĵ棬ѳһߵİӡɵģɳɢʮ־ˡ 
ιʧܣپ޳ˣһŭХӰϣ޳ɽңҪҶţǰء 
ţĹٿֹֽ붯ԺıΪزܣǧһӹһĴ١ 
һ죬ͷسࡣ 
Ĵιգپ޳鴫ÿһľţÿһ־ڽԷأֲ飬ĺ 
ڰͷɲǼ䣬ţˣɳ籩£һ죬һڰپ޳ıǼϱըʿ׷ɡ 
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СӻúܣңʿȻУһԾȣ׽ס֮󣬾֪ǲǱӦˡ 
پ޳뱲ݣԱȶʿߣʹʿܽţŪ֣پ޳Ƕţ 
ҹİپ޳С 
ţɲԸܵйһֽУ׾ӵȶ˵Ṧƺúܡ 
в׷⿴֣һϿ׷ǰپ޳ڶһ֦ 
Ƭ̼䣬ߵ˶ˡ 
ʦүүԼʳңԹߡ 
֣λ˲𡣡ү˵һ㲻ģ 
أǸ첻µزµСӡʦү˵򲻹ܣЩ׷ϵġ 
ղ 
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Ҳ䣿 
ᣬȻСʱҲ˼»ȭȡ 
Щ׷ŮЩʲôˣ 
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үĲ֪ͷԵĻƿǿɾЦˣǺǣʦүЦתԶ̽ͷ̽ԾֲѵĵУιңǵľƲأ 
ССƻȻӦ 
ѾҪˣ 
С׼Ƹæ˵תˡ 
Ų˳ȿڡ 
үһе㲻Ըվ 
ɷǣԼٵϵ˽зеȫ档 
鷨ʦôҲˣүЦȭҾôȳϡ 
üϵǰ۵ɽ۾飬˵ǹʦܡǱݵһۣүȻʶ 
ʩæ͵У˵ؿһ˵һʦү 
ǡүЦЦλ˿ջʦүǮȫȨʦүλϵ 
һߵƺʦүһһʮ⣬о顣 
֣ûοأĿĹˣˮ塣 
˶ˡүЦһȺ嵶ҽŮ˵ҪʲôӦȴʦүĻţ׷ˣд 
ԭˣһЦʩĻƣǲǱӦأ 
һͷԵСӣѪգϲ˴ܽ޳ʦү˵ֵȺδ˼ˡƾ˵Ȼ³¸Ҳڿ졣زɰ죬ϲڣΪʤΡ 
˺¶ݣ⡣ʩ˵ղкܶ׷ȥˣ 
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ǰѹƵɱӦ񣿡 
ˣŶƲ˿Ҫˡ 
ƶϾ㣬ʮֱǸ 
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Ŷǡ 
Ӧ񡣡 
ʲôʦүүͬʱ 
ԼʱһʾӦƶж൱ź 
ǺǺǡĺ̶̲ĹЦ 
˲ԼͬѭעĿ 
ǺױջĻ֣壬ٲȽӽ 
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ףǲǺջĵ֣𣿡ʦүĸ⣺֣壬 
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¼Ȼõ׿ڳϵУͲˣ֣̩Ȼ˵Ⱦеĸַȫޣ¼Ȼһߡ 
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ۼ֣Ѽ˶ʮ⡣ 
࣬ʮϵ׳ˮƵӿ 
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㣡Ǻˮϵķˮ̾ 
ˮǣˮ㲻֪գʹˮ˷ҲΪֿԿƺ˳ˮǱ൱Զľ룬ټɵظԼݹǱη 
Уʦүү֮󼪡 
үƺ̫ϲʦүһ滺һ˵¿óһݵˡ˵̣ôһ£ 
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죬ȴ˵ 
֣Ҳϲˣ˱ġ̼˺֣أ෴أа̴үԸ֪ǹ١֪ݺ̴үı֪޷죬ֽǰסġЩٿܿʼעˣɵϣأеĽ̳ͽԷٸжĿǰԹٸĻģԸȻٸĥԾܾ֤ⱻٸ 
ԭˣүй̼Ѫ£ү֪飿 
⡭ûܻȷ֤˵֪ǼٸָǺܵˣ˭ҲûǵĿҪǣܺ޸˹ǣҽԸΪĿ̻꣬ͬıܵݳǸ 
ȴС 
ҾͲ֪ˡ߰ɣ̸Щ£سҪŶ֣λơ 
ҪԼؿջġ 
˽һͷ 
ţ߸·Ⱥ۵ĿĴﵽˣԽǣ޶ĻҰַɱߡ 
˵ԭΪǱӦˣҲں׷ᡣ 
Զ׷пе˶׷ɢˡ 
ʿһ֦λ˼˰Ҳ˼˲аŮ׷ٵмемңŮܱԼĴҴҺõöࡣ 
һ֦ȷмемңҲŮԵıܣ˽ĳ뾭ķḻ֪ʲôطҵõˡ 
ӽһ壬Բݳ磬൱Ρ 
һֹ֦ϸ쿴ľĺۼ 
ʿվڶʮ⣬Ϣ 
𣿡ʡ 
ط߹ǲСӣ޷϶ˡһ֦ǰһָһʽ߰ɣˮӵȱӦ񣬱׷СʵЩ 
õģ߰ɣʿ˵ 
һ֣ͻȻԾ㵽ĩС֡ 




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       ιԭûٵ̲ͻȻţĽл ˳һ໥һɫ 
ˮǳĵطԼʮңţ͵֣壬ڳһֻ󼦣һһ˹ųԡ 
֣ʪܣһˮ 
˲ٴ⣬첽ӽ 
зݣһ顣ţЦ˵˳ֽһֻ߽һ֦ȥһ֦Ȼҽӣһְν 
ʿŭҲγɫĴ㶾 
𼱱𼱡֣ҲЦش󣬳Ա󣬵ǳˣٴɱɱˣҲǸԲԣ 
ף㲻Ǻλ𣿡һ֦⡣ࡣ˲¶ģ㵽Ĵѽ 
һ֦Ūˣû֪ʶţǻֵﲢվ׼Ӧ䣺ֻԺڣѼλ񣡡 
λ񣿡 
ԣӦ񡣡ţûļǣĿǰĺӦλŮԺ󻹻᲻ӣǻӭ־ͬϵӢ۶Ůʢ٣˼̽ƽ 
Ӧɱ޹֣ҲʣһԾ½֣Ⱥģƭ˵ǰ䣬ิЦһۣ֮ǵڶ࣬Ŀ齭ľ뢣Ǳ˵ؽ൱úȫϣӦ׷˷ѹΪ֪Ӧòȷ֤ǲóȻġڣߣü 
ǱӦ񣿡һ֦ʣɱڣٿɰˡ 
ٰƱţЦԾ 
ǰɱ˳ݵĿӥ֣» 
ԣıɱ˽һշ¡پɱһŶʮſڣ޻ھȫţţңһȣɱʦֵˣ 
Ǳı壬ڽ֮á 
ڣҵˣţЦָָ̫Ҳƽϡ 
һ֦һ̶ִһӶ磬է𣬿ռͻȻŵĻ㣬쾢³ëȻХ 
һԾ׻ָ̫ȻʧЧα뾡һѧȫһͻȻŷ⣬Ǳڹ棬ʮ๦ܻµĳɾͣһ֦ʮͷ˭Ѿﵽ־硣䲻ȫһԷض˶ȫܣؽڽ֫ѡ 
ʿҲԼͬӶ˶ϡ 
֣һ죬һЦɳǹһ磬ӰɳȻʧ 
ƷٿֹϢɳɢӰ֡ 
һ֦̽ͶӸ棬ƺҳѵĺۼ 
û֫壬ûɢѪ⣬ûκ²ƬʲôûС 
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⣬ʿҲһ㰡 
գϹˣʿȻ 
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ӥĿУͻȻּҵĹâأµϡ 
շ죬ʿеĽͻȻ䣬ӦѾ˫£ص˫ϣ˫ľܿƣ˵ڵء 
ҪУŷ磬нҩҪ 
ʿˣһͷ˻ǣһ˺ȹһƬƬ鲯ɢɣƬ̹һֻŤ׳棬屩¶£¶ڶʿ񱩵ĶץС 
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һﱻһ֦׿ˣҪһԳЦţ⽭Դ˾ʢŮȻо 
죬ҡһ֦С 
㲻ǵ𣿡 
ҡ 
Ľҩأģһ˿ңʲôûС 
ǡǰٱҡ 
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ǰʮಽ⣬콣Ͱپ޳վ·פֵֹء 
һһʱ档پ޳ǻֵסҡͷү⵽ʲôˣ 
ʿһҲһʿ˺˳㣬ǰѶǱ֣ɫǴһ 
һ֦Ǳ˶ʿ౧ʲôûҶ۳棬߶ʱСЩ¶ȣߵú͸˴⡣ڼϣİٱң˾ȻеߴԸһɨա 
˱ʱˣȷ˻¡ʿй˵ 
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Ƕڶ棿 
û㣬ǿ羰 
㡭ȥ 
лˣʿһھܾҶʿԸĿһУײж񶾣ҲһǾ䡣ҺһˣڶΣͷʰңԶ߸߷ɲٻˡ 
ǡ 
ʿĲ˵̣һЦͬһ֦ 
ףλˡʿʮಽŤͷ߽С 
һ֦һۣ൱ġ 
ŷ֣Ȱǣһ֦Цףϻ쵰ԲǱӦĶ֣ϻġ 
Ȱǣ˵õɡʿһһڽԩϻ쵰Ϊ˲ǰپ޳ֱͷ⬣ȰһҪˣýȰĻŪͻ㷴ɳˮҺȥһһըҵķΣһܲŴЩ 
ˣһ֦Ŀէ֡ 
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ȥϻ쵰жڱ𡭡һ֦̾һʵҲûʲôñģֱȷҲŭԹұȴ˱ӦףֱȴӺȫңٸ治 
Ĳˣ 
ǵģأ 
ңʿЦҺαǿͷ潭ͬ˹֪Ҷʿٿһ꣬ҲλıӦĵ֣οοοǷһ顱 
Ǿ͸ȥɣӦ񲻻ˣ 
㡭ӡ 
ࡣҲں㻹ң㡭 
úúã㡣ʿЦ´εҪʹʲô㣬ȴкҺöԶԶء 
ƶ죡һ֦󷢽ᣬһƣΪʲôˣ㡭 
ҲӽҪˡ߰ɣϻ쵰Ƿôˣ 
еϦ˵ţΨС֮׻˵֮Щɱ˷ŻѣЩƳһ۾ɱ֮ԣǶһз¹ʿҲ֮˵ 
ʿһ֦ˣǽ֪ĴͽеĴͽʿ֮йǣָ˽Իɱ˴ıӦ񣬾ȻûܵӦʹʿǱƣǷڣ 
·ԳһһĴ𣬶һϱֵľɣţ֣壬˵ٲԶע⣬ԶأͿԿӰˡ 
磬ҿйŹ֡ţԶģȷǴʾг֣ǿûƭЩǰǴͷ˲Ƶ֮ߣǡ 
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ɣţҡͷȻ֪뵽˱Ӧ񣬸òħǰΪ֪ӦûʧֻܹҪĺһ㣬ҪǵɾˣαðܵӦķգ豨ӦУû˳ɹûðյıҪúú룬Ūʲô黨У 
Ⱥλڣվ²סЦ 
پ޳һڣð 
СȻǱӦ񡣡پ޳ţУҹ 
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ǰѱӦҵˡ콣ǫ˵ˣˡ˫Ƿǹڡ 
֣塢ţᣬƺ֪ڽ 
Ūʲô飬ñˮʯġ֣˵ʮ㲻ʲô۲˷أ첻㣬ʱɨͥѨ 
پ޳òӦŭÿҪˣ޳һ죬ϡ 
ϻ깳¡ͻȻʮ⣬ɲ 
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Ҹеʮ֡ţ˵صסһѻض󼪡Ǳô޴סۣ 
Ѿˣֻб콣Ը롣 
һŭ𣬰پ޳ŭؿϡ 
޳Уϻ궤뷢ɽӰɽӰήɢ 
̩ɽ˫Ҳ˺˫뼤ͬʱ»跢һ 
ϻ깳ƵıһϣȻֹ̲ס̩ɽ˫ѣʧȥӦĻᡣ 
һ˫ϻ£󱻿֦Ҷҡҡ׷Ϸ䡣 
ףأپ޳ȻС 
ֹϢƮ䣬²ʬ壬Ѫ⡣ 
аţۿǼһнġ޹ļҪָԱ֤ԼĻȷµĽǼһļģϵоʵģʱ潣ˤôôʬ壿 
ͷϿգִ֣ 
ǧɼ֣˵ĵܣŻյδ̫ݰɣʦ£ᱻƨɵġ 
̧ͷһһ 
֣ţżɸߵһ֦ϣ̸ЦƺղŲûκ¹ʡ 
֦ײϣ۴ֵĸ֦ҲԳһ˵ѳ˵ѹĺֽ֦࣬Գܲ˶ʮ 
˲ôţϸС֦ȻζЩЩôǧٹֵɱ˻أ֪ҪĻһЦѣЦð°ҲҲЦ 
֣ͷЦµĺ֦ȴ˿Ʋ԰ȥĻֱԼ˿ԣŰѻˡǷŻмңʯͷҲðǾͽǾҲҲǱӦһ֣Բԣ 
һһð 
پ޳ץסᣬ½һöϻװ޳ڡ 
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·ءϻԼǰѷĻֹߣһٱˣ˭ĵ˭ɱӦĺú⻥ 
Ĺپ޳Ϸһʲô壿 
Ϲʲôϻ깳߷߽ӣˮӣ滹޷С˺üҲͽ޹߸ϣ࣬еĶϻ궤 
ߣ 
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磬ǼʶúܡţɤŴúܡ 
ԣǸ޳ɶ񡣡֣Ҳ˵ 
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ҵĽߣͬôǡ 
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ðɣ磬ȥˣһǸɾĴ 
Ϊǿꣻپ޳ȶ֣һָ촦һǼѱĶӰһɲǵ͸֦Ҷеĸ¡ɸߣһ 
İƽҪЩϻ궤ƽ䣬Ѿһٶգʱ䣬Ҹ߶ȳɣʿ֪ 
ţУ֪ʱǸ߰˹ֽߣ̩Ȼһ죬һס˶ϻ궤ֹͣϷڣţֽסˡ 
֦˿Ʋ 
˲䣬Цҡҷ¡ 
½ӰٵطڣתһŹâסϡɱӰƵļ䡣 
 
Ƶ磬͵˺壬Ӱɽк룻˫Ŀ϶дԽӳصĹӰгûѪ׷ݳ 
µı콣ûɢȰŤͷȿ񱼣ɫзĺУƬ̱㱼ٲ⡣һУһܵ죬Ƕ೤ȡ 
һˡڲ͵һ֦ëȻ˵ſ񱼶ȥıӰֱҡͷ 
˭˶ᷢ裬ҺԶʿɫңһĸޣָеĸ֣ڵҫĵ±˺ѡǲһΣüˡ 
ǵģŷ֡һ֦һӦҪǵһӾ͹ˡ 
үôǴôô书 
ٶȡɡ飬Ǵ뵶޹ء߰ɣǸϿ뿪ݣߵԶãպǧñӦǣһӶҪټô 
˵ǴˮʱͥЩϵ󣬻ӵþ󼪡ӲˮҪûʱǧǧ󣬻ɶѵظˮߡڰ֮ڣҪûĲޡƭԸӦħֻ룬Ӵ˲ٻҲӴ˲ұӦ¡ 
һڣջƻԻ͡ 
ԺʳУֻһʳͣÿͽʳϻطһˣڿ 
ˣʦүţ֣塣֣屾ջĻƣʽְˣΪջĿˡλԸʳ͵ĵܵԶԶزϽӽ 
Ųڳλ֮ͣɵ궫һͬǰţ궫ͻƱǫˡ 
ˣʿһλ׳ӡݵĲͷТȡȴºŽţС´ֵľ壬صţе 
λѲǳʿЦء 
ˣЩЩ񲻻̫ࣿһ٣һٻ֪ûأʦүȴЦˬʺţλǷ˺ȼ 



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       ллڶ䣺ܷ㣬λš ֪㣬ʦүŶԶ֪ݴ˵ڶʦү֮һʦүŽӿڣҲʦүλʦүʮǧǺǣ 
֪Ҫ˵ЩôòҪ˵ЩĻţ޼ɵڴЦڣѾҪɵţˣ֪书Ҳ˵ãŵ̫ϴϣŲЩţ޲ͷûãǵݡٶ£ǺϷġǿҪ淨ǿ棬ҪޱȻӭ 
Ҫ̫ˣ֪ٷ¯ŶԶЦ֪ݴ˿Գǡ 
ʦүҲЦѽôһҸ㣬£Щ˲ӢۣЩ̰ʹԸ֪дˣòҪ淨ǲкôġ֮ǰӦʵۺагơ 
ߣ´ţǧӦɱýȥóţɤŴףɱһȺ£ȿв˲˶٣֪ݴ˵ɴñԱסģɲǺģ¡ 
֪Щ첻µزµŶԶ˵ 
֪ͺáʦүͷ 
ǵ˵ˣ˵ǹĸˡ 
ֹλμĺӦеࡣ 
֪ǹȻս˹ٷĴ¡ 
ѽ 
Ϲ£ǧȷԶ︳ڱ¶ԭΣֻǵһƻ 
һƣֽͦգ˴¡ 
Ŷʲô£ 
ٷĿ̡꣬˲򣬿µǽ̷ˣ㶮𣿡 
Ļ޵ 
εģ̷εģ߽ϣĸ󻼡һٱһ򾡵ļƻӰߣǳ²㣬ࡣɢǱأҲŷԶ룬Ժ󣬻᲻١£а˷ͽһδæǸ˰ɣкεºܣֻһȺΪǣĿ綹һȺƥ޷Ƿǵߣ 
ŶԶʹؼ𣬴λˣˡ 
ʦүá 
һôطˡʦүһϣΪβǣ 
˼ǡ֣Ȼʡ 
ʾһĹٷûݺơ 
Ͽͨ˵£ 
ԡ 
ܵġ֣˵ĵ죬˵нӴ꣬˸ͲݾӣҲûݾж 
ֵΨһȤϴٵһɶϼʹǷӣҲټҵȥǿ˱ʵ 
Ƚ֮󣬾Ϳ׷ˡţ˵ȶһϮй 
ãȰ꽭£ٽһ׷顣ʦүͬţһһץס˸ס죬²˳ 
ȫš 
סڶԺһϷڵƻȫޡԭԺȵյĵҲϨˡ 
֪ʱʼģ£һĵҲоޣƺǵע⣬Ҳû˵ֵֹģԴ֪ںδҪȥȴУעʱȷ졣 
΢һ˿޵ζл㣬Ҳò޹ζ 
һµŮȹɣţķС 
յнȼһƲݣף˷ȻڡŮںڰվãΨһϢţȶ൱ƽ 
þãŮ˵ƹ⣬ĸһ 
û˨ϵû£ϵţڴβϵ鰲񾲡 
ʾûϴûأû£ƣ͹ȣĩβԺ˯ˡ 
ŮɷǳģվڴڲԲϸشţ 
ãٴȻλŮɡ 
㣬ûˡһλŮɵ˵ӵˣĲƽײˣ 
ǵЩߣסӦ񣿡ţеŮ˵һȥ̽ڳڵ̳ˣĸǾӣ񡣡 
 
ԳţıӦصˣܵȫĿơ 
ȴ߰ɣ 
ȴߣʦү֣Ӧ񣬽Զϵˡ 
ǡ׼ 
ʿڹ˵ǻȥǱСˡ 
õġŮͬӦŵǷߡ 
Ҫס㶣̣Ӧ֪ĸˣδ֪Ĳ֪ж٣Ҫİˣֻ 
ǵģ㡣ŮתһӦŵԼ£̵Уܵģ 
Ǿͺã߰ɣ 
Ůתţ˳ִϷţڣͻȻ΢ 
ڵĴ㣬Լȴģעȫڴβţϣûⷿ΢Ϣ 
Ƶﴲڣ˵ӣȴֽսЦӨڡ 
˲䣬ͻȻסˡ 
ڴβţͻȻֽţչֽŴǷĿ΢š 
һɲǣγѣָ£ȡſ߿ֿ׼ 
ǣţǡתģֽһ죬ƺΣƺָǡô 
ʱ֣Ѩա 
ôܣȵ 
ͻȻһȡ 
ôܣʲô̶ɤ 
μ¯תл񣺡ӸеȣѾԻħ鸡˫ؽ¡óģղžȻԵʮֶ졣 
һλòѰ߰׵ϵƽз֮¶һĵ⡣ 
ôһ£ϵ¯Ʋš 
Ҫľ֡ 
ȷǲܡ 
ӡ 
ϵ¯һʽʾ⡣ 
ȻöϵʽһϸСâƿնɣöϸСΰţظͷβװ룬˿ȶβȣΪͣһ 
˲䣬ϵˡ 
ˣϵУֽƵбײֵķƷХϵţͳ¡ 
һ𣬴̮ʼңĻγɳɢ 
ϵţˣƻҡҡ 
ŮɱܵſˣϵķӦ֪֮꣬˿µʣϵόҪ˵ġ 
ϵķʣ·βëΪĩɢˡ 
˲䣬ϵˡƣɽ˫ƶ򳾰ƴȥھԶ࣬ľѣƾˡ 
ѽŵİŮɾУȻбӣĴǰߡ 
⣬ӭվţһûץסŮɣĸ⡣ 
ãţȲɣӰӰ磬ѹװŪð֪ǵĵϸˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡 
ϵŷԼȻ񹦣û˵ƴ 
㡭˻ǹϵȻʡ 
񣬱Ӧ񡣡ţָָǴģһ׵൱һΪѪˮξ𣬻첻ãҲҲ㳢ǵŽħζ 
³ 
ϵһХƻٿ𣬷кڵֲָХ 
ţһһԣóȻ롣 
ڷͬʱ¡Ȼ𣬷ҡȻ죬ű̮Ӱĵӿ 
ʦү֣壬СԺӡ 
ɱĻʣʯңʦүԾŭУĵƤֶΣ񶾡 
ţҲԺӣһЩʯζɿ 
ʯ㶾£ûнҩġţҡͷЦ룬ǰŮĶˡ 
˭˵ǣʦүٽŽУ˷ڣɱƵڷǽڣʯҰƴ費ò˳Ůһˡ 
ʹߣҲᱻŪڡ֣岻סҡͷŵĻʯɢ˽ȥ֤ˡˣôʿڹġ 
ûпڹѲҪ֪Щʲôˡţ˵˵ǱԶ 
Щôˣʦүʡ 
ã˴󽱡Ȼ˯һ콫һǾཫǿǰն񶷡 
ճɽϼ 
ʦүˣվڰϡ⣬ٱ˾۶ϽǣŨȻӿһ֪Ŀ»ѿסˣҲûôȼˡ 
²ԶһӹٱŶԶǴ̤ 
ɱģôùЩϱţԹ԰ѹĲװױٸˡ 
ŶԶˣʮµȺ򣬶ߡ 
ѾûλˡŶԶǻҪλϣ±ض֪ݴ˽飬䷸ߣǴôʱ뾳 
ʱǻߡţ˵أ 
塢顢Ѵ½·ѺݳǣĿ¿Ѿˡ 
ߣܿס֪ôˣ 
ĸڼѪǿʸ֮£֮أ˾ܡ 
᣿ţüĽ 
ֻǵĻʵǰڰǰѵõϢ 
עӶԷƬ̣䡣 
ߣţλͬ˵Ǽ˹ˣǾ͸ǰģù 
һߣŶԶǵıӰסЦ 
ϵԴϰһũУʦүƷǱӦԤۻĵطǽһԶףȥ̼С 
ǰˡʦүɥ˵ϱȴŶ֪Щˡ 
ǺǣǱ;Ȿһβ޶ʧ֣嵹ÿ٣Ѿȥ̼һС뼰ϵͥٱ˳𡣴磬㲻ǽΣٳɵİɣ 
ǲǵжأڼı仯˭֪أʦүЦתⲽţʣСܣô 
룬λ֪ݴ˺úݣŶԶöнüǵսǰ빫а̣ıʹ׽סҲᱻ̣˰Ĵñӣɾˡ룬ٸ淸Űִ֪ǰ̲޺ô᲻ŶԶڷǣԱ뿪 
˵ٸа֮ӣ 
ܵģ硣ţ侲ط°֮Ѻݸʱٸټ԰ųȫΣʹǲƽСܾʲôطԣұܵؾùٸҴҴ̫ǣǿбضйŹ֡ 
Ǹ飬йŹ𣿡 
뵽ǣٸҪսȫԸǡţ֣ص˵ϮİŮˣǸý̵ĵλȻʥʹеҪԡҲ£ʥʹϵĸѾܸϵˡٸһкǱǼӿ챨ˣ룬ٸضһ뾳ս̵ĸ;ȫԸǡ 
ĴΣ 
ƾͼơţе֡ 
϶ûϵ֮ǰǵʵƺЩ 
ڳ°бҵͿԴһƻеļսǲߣٸ鷳ܵ͵ϮķգҪԼѡսصķմöࡣ 
ϣǾһҹܲշҹ𣿡 
ãҲΪزأϦϲߡʦү¶˾ģڽϣÿһ˶Ǵ̿ͣÿһطܲ˶ڵȺܵˣ 
úò߻ս̳׶ˣǽǻҵ¶ֵġ 
ʱ󣬼ǵ˿ؽҰߣεɽƺҪѸٵˣų죬֮Ӱ 
ڣν䱸ɭϣΣƽʱǿ 
һ죬ʼղǰο̽ 
ŶԶǶı뱨Ӧ񶨻跨֣űǼ٣˲޵û뵽޶æһ 
ڳܲⱨӦĶ 
콣æ𾢣ȫеţЭٸѰұӦ䡣µ˺ܶ࣬ŷɫĽò˿ 
Ҳѹãʿ֪Ӧڽû꣬ʮӦĿ֮٣⡣ʦү֣塢ţǱĿɿʱҡһ䣬Ϊһˣôȥң 
ص̳ԹرˣӦҲҲս̵ͽˣ 
ʱ֣λĹүɽˮĻ飬֣ʩȻ˱ţ˱еĹٵ 
λүһӢһߡȣ廨ɰȴûд 





       ǣͤǾͲүˣסһ󲽼ߣǿ籼ɶȥ 콣ǵطˣļҸӣȻôλɫĹүǺ· 
һɸɫ˵ȵĸ֣Ҵææͱ򱱸ϣ;λүȥ 
ʮ˳̣ÿʹ;վ 
׷ϵ˶һʱ;ֵô˸ϵ̣ɫѽƻ衣 
֪λүڴ˵صʳʳȵһλ׳ĸˣѾ˰ʱɫ龰⼫ΪԣҪҹݡ 
⼸죬ȷţдѾٶ׳ͷТȸæòɿеߣÿһİ˵ 
һˣͱʾλӦڴ˵ؾۻˡѼ֪ĺӦֵĵطͨĸ¶档 
˳һվׯʮȫɽɽߣҹ·൱ġׯݸأݵؾˣ 
׷ϵҹԿų̸ϵׯһʱǻûޡ 
Ǽڿһʣûôĸ˾ʾѾ׷ͷҪ׷˱ضڰ;ҵطЪϢˣҪѾ׷٣ҹ䲻;ˡ 
֮ǰ˷ 
еĹٵǺΨһ½Ͽ׵ϳΪٵʵֻԿɹߵĴ 
峿ÿǣһɽûСǿƹˣÿͲĵߣ治衣 
һλó·ϣ·ԵСУͻȻ󺺣侪ֵĳ̶ȿ֪ġɽܣѾˣѾٵΧס 
ѽ㡭ǡ̵ؽУη˫ֱסӣ֪δźãƺҸضȥ 
Сӣס棿һָָСɽҲô׶񣺡Щʲô˼ң 
ССŮասֵ˵ڳݵɽмˡ˼ңɽܡ࣬󡭡ġ 
мǰޣ 
ûУûСϡ 
ô֪ûУϤÿһɽ񡣡 
⡭ 
ͬһɫͻȻͻ˵ 
̵ɫͻȻʧӿɱ 
Сġһ󺺼УΣͬʱν 
ˣ˫ַԷ󣬷һǻȣһ 
󺺽в浹ɣһˤ⣬һȵ¼ˣعǾۣڸһ㡣 
ͬһ˲䣬˻磬˼طͦȵĴصײڴ󺺵ߺ󷽣ǰɴɽ߹Ӧ۶ݡ 
Ů൱ɣӦ磬֣üգٽӶ󺺣Ťͷɽ񱼶ߡ 
󺺲׷ϣҾҪȷţټ˵ͬ顣 
ãȺ˶ʮŮ 
սǽͥŮһλ˵٣û۵˹ֽУԴűӦĲ䴦ҲǽṩġһɽȻнҵѡϿ촫ѶϢʥ¯Щ˲ǱӦĵ֡ 
˶࣬ȸȥ˵ 
ٶҲȻǵ̳ϴ˲أǹǵʵǧ򲻿ɳƥ֮£жСӰﲻˡ 
ɢΪ 
ɽµĳᾲģƺѾéݡ 
λʮֻŮɣλȹŮɽŮͣɽӯéӽ 
һλĴãȴףţվǰɹﳡУ΢Цӭ͡ 
Сã簡Ϊ׵ŮƵشкֱȣ𣿡 
𲻾ãԺƬ̡øΪƣλһɽ 
ˡŮһλŮʾ⡣ 
˵ĻŮǷ˵λòǽС澲ۡ 
Ŷսģʡ 
ǵģûսģŮɷʣλŮ£λ 
Ŷָǳ´ŽҵĽ 
ǵģŮȻ˵ 
ôλɱ쵶ͥٵ֣ 
Ůɫһ䣬ŷ˵λСãԭǶͷ 
ǽҵôˣŮɫһ 
ǱӦ֮һõɫ˿䣺ͥʱǡĶʦǵƣûҪ˼ҵֻ֡ͥٵ屡ҹ̽Ｐʱӳ޳ǡðϣԸĺӦ£ϰɣ 
ˣǲطϡŶĺӦֻλеģֳŮıӦˣ 
Сǲ⻣𣿡 
̳𣿡 
ʲô̳Ůһ 
αװأȻһЦѾȫǵĵϸս̵̳ȷǰᣬ֪ݵŶԶȻһھ˵̽ǰԣȷĸ⡣̳ˣӦöҵİӦ֪뱨Ӧ뱨Ӧ˳µ¡ 
ǲ̳ˡ 
ǾѹˡڣѾ֪ӦŮˡȻ˵ҲֹһԺӣκһλеŮܼ뱨ӦΪ١ 
𣿡 
ԡ 
ҽвá 
ŶʧʧԭӵĳɹáˡĴˣĴлҵǽ̫йݣԲԣ 
Ϣʮͨء 
ĺӦϢȻͨŶûУӦģǰɣ 
ʱġ˵˵ 
ǵġ 
ϴλ˱̵Ľֳ̲ټƽϡ 
лл 
Σֻ˱̺Ļҵ 
ڹ̡ԲԣӦʩӦ¼䲻ƽ¶ţëǹܵôࣿ 
ɹộǳϴ󣬻ҵѻ٣ǱӦĿѴӽԺǲҪ̵ܱ£Σ 
ǹչֶθޣȻ뱨Ӧֲܡ 
ɲҪ˹̫ˡɹðˣɹҪǵҪ̸ɷ 
˽Բڴ˵أҪ̸ʲôҿѾȷش⣬㻹Ҫ̸ʲô 
С㲻ɹ÷ȻС 
Ҹ㡣֣ص˵ÿһλӦ񣬶̸еķΪӦµּһĹ淶˭̸һġ 
ߣ 
㶯ɱЦĿġ 





       ҵġɹ¶Ŀ ˵ǱӦɽġ˭˭һ֪ 
ɹúһν 
ôȡſһס 
˲䣬δԹ۵λŮɣͻȻȶ֣ǰ޳ֵף֮ױȡ˴öɲǿ϶Ӱһѽ֧γ޵һϡ 
ĸֹУʮöţë롣 
ʹ޵и֣ҲڲӹĹ 
ɹãδȫʡ֪Ǽƻõյı 
һЦ˼ˮίأһŻӿȫǰգۼ㵽ɹǰ 
Ů費ţëգץ֧ҲʧȥĿ꣬һȻˣΪǿµĶǱ֡ 
Ƿɽɹò˴ңŮˣݱɫҲʮǱ 
÷ڶЦߣһԾɣʧݲɽڡ 
ɹŮϸģټ׷ 
Ī룬ܵ͵ϮҰ׷ˣΣա 
ֺ󲻾áٶȱˣ߲㣬Щطܲȥˣɹ߸ŮˣһֱͶõıӰŵ׷ᡣ 
׷˲һֱһƬ̱ǰβ໥չˡ 
ɹ׷Խһɽ壬ǰʮಽòϷӣʱʱ֣֦Ҷһֱشһֱ޷ѽ׷١ 
׷һɽ£õӰͻȻʧˣҲ֦ҶıϢ 
ɹòòͣҰ뾲Ϣ 
ףǵأת㺹죬ƽӶһλͬʡ 
֪ѽ㡣ͬŤͷĿ׷̫죬ŮǸϲϣŻں棬ǵȵȿ㣬Сøأˣһɹú˵߲ģһ˲򡣡 
֡ôеıӦ񣿡 
øڻеıӦɹΪǣЩļһϢ֪ͨٸڶԸǣҲ֪ĴѾϵԼԶ߸߷ɣøǣǡߣֻҪסͿ֪ӦȥڳǵĸԱ̳ޡ 
㣬ôϢޣ־飬϶ӣÿ¡¡ 
ףӦøϵġɹȻ˵㣡ǿ¡⣬죬ͷȥҡ 
ҷŨͻȻһŮеľּС 
˲˼ѭӶߡ 
һ羰ɽȣϪһߣ·ҫĿԲ⣬ɽﻨ㡣 
СϪһƬ̲ݵɽϣүٷţվڼֵ̲Уԡ£ҡߡȣ鰲йͷ羰 
ɹŮϪԵ֣㿴ϵţܵȴ 
ǲѽţȻкǷ·ɽÿһ·ϱӦ񣬶ᱻŪþƣÿԶˣֻʣλɹݵǬúܣЪϢƬָ̻СϪˮʵƷǲȼڣϴأ 
ɹò֪²Լͬˣ㳲׷ȻǱݾӣ 
ͷѹǿҵĿ־壬֪ȡĻᡣ 
Ů˼Ϫˮ򾲵ϴһߣһһ¶Ů˵ͷ飬Ǳ޾˼ 
ţ£ӢԵЦݡ 
ǵȳЩ伢ҲöˡһñǰĲݵϣʳǸ֣գô¶첻ɣ˶ƴŶǼΪΣյ¡ 
лˣǻɹȻһЦлǰ˳ɵ£ҽþþĴ½߶ȻĺӦĳ⣬û뵽ͷĺӦȻ鴫̶Уѱݻ£ཨĻҵһٴݻˡ 
ƺݵ̳Ƚ̳ʵۺöࡣ̳̳ȫ֧ԮҲֲ֧˶áΪֹԾǿơǺǣ˰ɣ 
ȣף̳Ĵ̳޹أСͨɹþĿ󡣡˫ķչҲͬԴ˵̵Ŀߵ·ߣб𡣡 
;ͬ飬ûɣ 
⡭ 
ϣȻͳʷչ 
Ҳϡ 
ˣ 
ţʥµĵӣ˭Ҳûʥߡɹҡͷʹ棬Ҳʶʶ𣿡 
û֮һϳɽ췴ʱȷĵװϵͼΪܽ԰Ŀɱɱ˳ǧˣҲŹġ 
αأ£ǱӦδ̡ɱ˱ݵλˣȵǱԽһ 
ѽ 
Ż㣬ʵɣڽеλͣݻʦ֮ߵ˾ˡ£ҳңѾ潭ﱨ˳𣬱̲׷˴˸߸·Ѱ𱨸Σ 
ǺǣµѾ뿪ȴ׷ɱĻжٳ⣿ 
ʵҲ뿪̲ò跨ߣΪ̵Ӵ㷴νǲߣӰ챾̵жޡԡ 
Ҫνţһ 
ǽ̵ӣǱȳΡ 
롣ǹ֪ݣҲŶԶͣηɹġţ˼˵˵ֻδأѾĴصҪ־ڱصáĴ̫йݵʥѾˡǵĵλŮߵöࡣҰڴ˵Ⱥ򣬲֮ǾͿԸˡ 
Ŷ֪ҵݣ 
Ӧ֪Ϊ㲩 
λմѽ˵Ӧλ 





       ˭޹غּӦҲֹĸˡĿǰҽţͰҿţˡ һգʵûаӢţûе 
˵öԣӦͲӢֻۣһȺ򱧲ƽʩбӦɱ֣޵ͷС䡣ÿһǶвͬݣ֣ǮûôùֵġЧΪ֪硢ơΪ֪Ļ֪жأ 
ǵ̳ڴӲǰᣬս̡̡̫йݵȵ˶ĿʵûмӦӢ۵ɡվǰ棬ǰĻͽӣڿ౨ӦδΪ𣿡 
ӣ֮䣬ʵûıҪջޣô캦УʵڲͶǱӦʩбӦѵ˵ûкƽĿ𣿡ɹΣҾãұضԳΪҪõѣеĵӣ㵱ϱӦκҪ󡭡 
ǳǸţϿҵ˵Ӧ񲻻ʹ̹Э޵¡ֻݵ£Ѿ¾ʹ˸һ䡣Ӧû׷ıҪɱͥڣǷ¹㲻ãԱӦΪΪȫˣҡˣλӦûɱǵͷ׷Ͳˡ 
Ҫɱ𣿡 
ڲᣬΪ㻹ûҳ֡Ժ󣬾˵ˡҳֵģǵﵽǷֲɡ 
бʤ𣿡 
ķǳǳǿҡԣüߣʱüĻᣬݼţǧҪ׷Źˡ 
ߣͷҵλͬ𣿡 
ģϾǲס 
лл뿪ɹȻ¶һλɹҲ֮ж 
ţ£ƺҷУȳ֣һ²ƺ 
¸һλᡣţ߸Ů֣ص˵ǱԶ߸߷ɣٴμ棬֮پˡ 
ͷŵ²ϵİٱ彣ԲûգʱԿܰν·Ůɹγɿɹصơ 
ǽȻǻûаΰΣңÿվֺԿܷƣգۼɽùС 
վţ࣬޾ؾƺ˶ɵλǿСţҲ޽ģ֣ߡҡкͰƽЦݣһλڹ۳˷羰 
̫ˣŮֻҪǰһ壬Ϳɽ˹ڣ֧һ 
ɹþȻƣȻעյţ 
൱ݶɹɭɭ˵ߣҲĵ 
ǺǣôݶЦʡ 
ϣҷƹ 
𣿡 
һɱҵĽˡ 
ѽ 
ɽˮԶڡ 
ҲдͬУΪһ죬ض뱨Ӧ񳺵˶ϣӦǹ̷չϰвԱһѡʱƱٴ꣬ɼΨһ˫İ취ǸϿѽ̡ 
ǲܵġ 
Ϊλ 
нˣǡ 
λߡ 
ɹûΪ񣬴תٲ 
ŮҲͬһ˲䣬תߡ 
ÿ˶תģÿ˾ٵĶš 
˲䣬øսꡣ 
˲䣬ŮĽʣתءϡĳ󹥻跢ɽѡ 
Ůпµƣͬʯ쾪֧˾Ķǣ˼кϻ 
˲䣬 
õ߳ 
еɣͻȻɻεǡõס˻۶Ľ磬ҲסϮĿʣ˳Ʒš 
ţ³ߣߡһɲַȱɹõľҲ࣬ȸֵҪ£Ƥ⡣Ҳѡ 
һһ뽣ɽУһ֣ɽ 
طֹϢӰ֡ 
ţվڶףȻڡ 
ˣսʡ 
һУһһ߸ŮˡһˤԼѪСµǶɹñɹãǰΨһܸɹõŮɡ 
ôɡܡɹڲУ졭ġ 
 
ԶһХ˷Ӷ 
ãţ˵һֶѣߡ 
ĸ磬ݻɽȻͬ⡣ 
ȥһ˵֤ܲϧˣԼǲѹ 
ԣĸ磬ҡʹ˵ıɹȥΣȽ˱ɹõĽͰٱӵ 
ɹߺƬ̣֣һλáţӳʦүһǣŽ֣˷Ӷ 
棬׷һȺȮ 
ģˡ֣ԶʹСҺͦסأ 
棬׵ϵ֮⣬о߸߰ŮһṦ൱ 
һҲơʦүɤŸ󣺡ɱģǺȫ̵ľӢˣΣգ 
׷ʦү뽭ˣʮ֮࣬׷ȫòߴյľˡ 
磬׷쵰巽У̳·ħԪ˧ѹԲţУʰɹõĽһɵúܣӺĸŮˡӲҺõһǹһӾͱɣλӦһ¹ʣµľûмˡ 
ɫʬ壬ɢڴɫĲݵϣȱյĵ׷ľ 
ĸ磬½󡣡ü˵ 
ԣȲ巽Сţѹħսרѹɱ֣ɱ飬ǲá㸺ӦǸʣڷְš 
Ҫ㲢֡óܾ 
ƹǿ㡭 
ΪƹǿҪ㲢еһպΣѣȥϵɽҲٲһݡ 
Ͼ˵ʦүŽɱ 
׼ţѹֵǱӦ֮İźĬ˼ǳֱɱţɱų޵С 
ʦүڽϺߣǰͳ⣬Լ 
ɡߴкظ 
ʦүţãͬʱȡһ壬ʦүͷһ߻ûֿ磬ŷѸ׼磬жϢмҶΪġ 
УѪɡ 
滹ʮһ֣ǱԶʮ⣬ĿⳡɲĿҰɱۿڵ⽣ӰбѣҺĶҡΪ֮ᡣ 
ҵ龰ܿؽʦүӲ෽ƻأԡѪһ 
ģһЩһ߽⣬Ƿ㡣ʦүҡͷЦֻǿӦ 
磬Ӧ񣬶ԸĽУʤ֮䡣ţɤףǽ󣬵ɱնҪµ磬Ͽ 
֣ٿ׷ϵŮԶԶر㿴ʬ壬б׸У³½ 
֣屼б 
סףŷɽ֣ĻڣģֻŶԸˣñɱӰӣ 
Сգ磬ҵġţУĵ˷ħŮͨջΣǧ򻯣ǧȥ磬жأҵĽ£ξιУǲĴйݵʥĴ̳Ļʦ˵Ƚ״¸ӰµλϵûǵŽħжˡ컯֮£ܶߣұӦˣɣ 
ϵɴ಻ˣ㿴ҿ㣬Զվʮ⣬֪źá 
˺ЦƣмվʬŮӦ񣬺;òסĽһ⣬վϵ;Ů֡һ⣬ʮһָɫҡ 
涼Զ⡣ 
ǲ𣿡ţٴδУʮռ˾ơôҾԶԶأ㿴ҿ𣿡 
Ǿȹ¯ʦү˵ĴˣλߣߴͷͷǶ֡ 
ƶСϪУһȺ£вѲŶԶͲͷТȣڱµӵ·¶ 
ϵɫһ䣬ߵźţʮѻתߡ 
ٱѲΪ··׷ߵˡ 
ʦүߣһſӭͣнҫĿʱԿܷҵĹ 
ŶԶ޲ͷһˣʮ֮࣬ǰ󣬵ȴҳϡ 
ǡŶԶͬ޲ͷǰǻʮ㣺ɱˣ˾Ǵˡ 
Ĺƨ˾ţڳƤ󣺡ףҲҲҲ֡ 
Ǿ֡ 
ѽ˭ 
㣬ţ 
ûʮţҲоȥҰɣ⹷òʱǵĴ£ܵ˽̷˵ԣҪ⡣ţףֽнߣҳ˲Ϣͨÿ㶼һһȣרǱӦˡҪǲЩԾܲˡҪǲ⣬ߣ 
㡭ŶԶɫڲ磬ˡ 
ҪɱѪɺӡţҧ˵ʮˣһ˾ͿƬ̼⡣ 
㡭Ҫ췴㡭 
췴Σôʱţ췴ĺӦ췴Ҫ㣡 
ǰŶԶȴ 
㡭ҪŶԶֵؽС 
Ҫ 
ɱҺˡŶԶˣѳֻȳʽ˽㣬֪ݴ·һ˭Ҳ𡣡 
ɱ㣬һ٣˵ǵġ 
ͨоݣһҲûеġ 
ţϣһ 
ŶԶһ˫ֱͷ´쵹 
ţһѹŶԶĶϡ 
߰ɣʦүҡͷЦ 





       ߡţսһŽŶԶ߷׺ݵ˵ٸ˸١һɱ㡣ˣ ˳ҿ͵꣬ʦүͷλﹲסһ䣬书չˣ⡣ 
֣ڴһݳǣһ˴ϢҪ 
̵ͷѾݷӣλ¯ʦһȺٺԣѾӵݣ˴ӻĴȥˡ 
ݣѾûս̵ͽڣɢۻˡ 
Ѿɱ쵶ͥٵĴѱһѵ£Ѿ޷׷ˣʹ飬ҲضйأûвıҪ 
ӦεȻⶨˣвĲѾ˹١ 
죬֣廹ûڿԺСţźĵ 
Ҫ£ͽﷵҡʦүеɥǰ¹һҲû׬֪ݷ˴ơģپȻô 
үĸ˵ڰ˵ŵļҲ 
˵ЩʦүЦЦӦӲ꣬ɲҪǵͷҸ㣬λ֮⣬Ƕǰ򸻺 
㡣סãΣܲҲμǣҵ书Ȼãҿѧҡ 
㣬ǧҪɵͷúЦĽֱۣ˵Ƕǳˣ书̫ʱѧѾˡӦÿ˶Ҫһ棬ÿ˵ݶܣȴǳ¾˽֪ĹμӲ㽭Ҵ֣ҵ˼𣿡 
⡭ 
ˣ붼Ҫ롣ʦү˵֣϶ôڻû᲻ݳ⣿˵ġ 
ǳ˾Ͻҵĳ⣬¸ˡţԵɣȶ֮ͽس£ٸݣ°ǣͿԶˡãҪҪ˳ؼһˣ 
ϴѾ˴ŻؼˡЦЦһˡ 
ڰƲ߻ȫ뾳֮ǰ߶ҽŲʦү֣ص˵ԩҲҪҳӣ˶ˣɲǺġ϶ǴϢ֤ս̵Ƿȷѳߣδȷ֤֮ǰǲκ 
ԣĽ䱸ǿţ˵磬һΡ 
˼ǡ 
ֿţüܵýأ֪أܾЩôطԾΪֹһûչ棬ܾŲ¡ 
αض䱸ǰɭϣ׽ӽʦү˵ŶԶΪթգȴװŧʮֿ¡β޵˵Ƕأ 
磬Ȼȥ˲ţţ˵ʮ㣺޵Ҳסҵġ 
ҲãȥһˣҲĳЩطԾýһ˽С 
ݳһ൱ġţ˵ʮһʱͿԸϵ 
һڣһ̬ӵˣСݳǣԶʮ֮󣬽ͻȻӿ죬ǧԷ㱼ۣţʱһ۵Ĺϡˡ 
󲻾ãʷͨݳ£ԿĽų̣򳣵¸ǡ 
ǺǣҵߵģΪݵѽˣĿΨһƺ£ǰѽƽͻس¡ 
ţҹ̽Σؾе 
ʶʦү֣ʶѴ˵ĿУ˽ò 
Уȷ飬ʮĽͣɫ 
֣ҲȷϢսĸ֣򱱶ݣصһЩλߵˣҲ׷֮󼪣ص̳ͽɢһЩҪԶܻ߱Ѽбܷͷ 
ٸ棬ӽ׷̳ĸˣণľԱ 
սݽĴƣǳӰѵ߽ıأýٸ𣬲Ҹȼˡ 
ԣһǣҵ뾳ˣǲں 
̴ˣʮͤЪţе̸һЩؼš⾭ʷŮԼͬѽȻĿӭĿͣķС 
Ŀ˵ıӰȥԶϵ齥䡣 
治ףΪβȫһֻˡλСӵҧ˵ʥ߲սˣίʵʧѵ⼸Сͣߣ 
ҡ 
㣬ùԹԱûڵ졣һλĿ˵ĺӦʮꡣħǰ£ûʧܹ̳¡죬ȺڶߣȴһС֪̳ʧ֮ңͲ˵ֻˡҪƸһƴ֪Ҫʧ𣿡 
⡭ 
ֵܣĺӦһģڡ̲ޣӦҲӴ˲汾̵¡һ˶ϡźˣûлᡣ뿪ˣֵø˵£ǻȥɣ 
ȥ 
£ĿǰûǵˣǵΧһ˷֣պ򳣵·չ̳£ֽʮѡ¸ҵ¡ 
ݵԼʮճ̡ 
ʦү·ϣܼӿмǺţһֱͲ¶϶϶ĵ·ݣԲϣر¹ʵг̡ǺűˣҪŶϿ쵽»ϣٲ߶뾳ˡ 
һ죬˰ϡƳԽ廯䣬ɫ磬ٸʮɽꡣ 
廯ɽ̡ʮȫСɽǳ¸ݵĽ紦뿪廯ݵϽλ֪űԶʱ治ôˡ 
࣬һλүֺ͵ıڣ뼰Ľ͡յظ· 
ƹһСɽţ̤һλݴ󺺡һֻеһ򹷹ų졣 
Ų˵ע⣬ԼͬŤͷڴ󺺽ų̿죬ٵȴֲ̫·һ󳵣 
ⲻ֪ĴһλַתõؽУ۾ߣ 
һһ˵׳Խһ˵顣 
ĿӹҶ󷢸΢䡣 
Ŀ⣬ҲתһƳУͻȻɭһ 
ͻȻתס߳ݹմѽ 
ףǸôֹѽȻʡ 
˲䣬ΧĽͣҲµñⵣס˺· 
ʶ£ԲԣЦؼڷѾ¶еܡ 
˭ѽӦʶ𣿡װͿй䱸 
αأ¡ɫһʶңȴ֪ϼ̫ƽ𣿡 
Ҳʶ㣬ǰȷҲһôӵ̬ʣȷ֪ôˡĲ˳ʺȻԲġ 
˵˵ 
巽½ϣս·ԭǺɽĺڵ뺺еɡ 
ŶĴѽ 
񡣡 
񣿡 
˷ء󺺹Ц۲۵񣬱ƫƽֱһ򱶡Ǻǣҵġ 
Ӧ֮һ巽һ㡭㷴Ǻ桭 
ں棿Ŷˣ˷Ц⣬ɭľڣЦٴη 
ͷӦ죬ٴһʳ׸巽ԼҲȡһ÷絶 
˷ֹ֧Էȡе˼·ԣɶԷΧ 
巽˷ԣһ 
ǺǣϵرΪû˿ĵϸɣ˷عЦˣж󷢸Կڰ̣ӵĲʺ繳µǣӦȫȻװݣ̺۱ȴ跨ڲٻֻأ 
巽һ߳һ 
ǣ˷ȴͻȻԾ𣬵ɸߣٿٵغշԶ⣬λס·ĴϿԽٶȺš 
ԭһǿµɱţɱ׷ɳöѿ͸롣 
ö͸գԶ⣬֮󣬰˷ȻƮ 
⹷ѼȻ˷ؿʼߡѵĿзҰѾ֪ĵϸȻ֪ϵжţѾûװĻˡ 
һƵ׷Ű˷أ񡣵˷شЦɣȲҲ֣ɶԷ˷׷½أֵ磬ۿҪһգۼѳһȥˡ 
ǺڵǷ˵Ͷս̷ּˣӣ·㣬ÿһǮմѪа˷һһЦҰ˷ز㡣Ѿе£Ȼˡ׻˵ĪϲޱӦͷֻȥһֱʮֿ⣬˺ʱˣұӦ񡭡߶ˣ 
巽񷢳һźţ˳˿񱼡 
˷֧Ц׷ϡ 
巽ӵ죬һԾɣԶʮ⣬վӡ 
ǰ·ʦүӢΰӰһ˵ţ 
¡ʦүЦ˵Ӧͷ 
鼱ƴ巽ѱ޾񣬷һԵŭ𣬽Ұعһз£һж· 
ţһߣͻȻشܳͷһһʣ׼زס巽 
巽񷢳һؽУ͵طȻУˤڵأʦүһ߻ˡ 
ֺͽͣԽҰߵģӳʮ㱻ͻȻ˶סˡ 
߸·ԵĲ̸²Ūһԡ 
˷ǱӦ϶ǸմݸϵģҵµİǣҴҵ¸ϣûϵ;׷ˡ 
˷Ⱦ¹ʵľһӰٱȡһЩ̯ڲݵϡ 
ôһ˵Ҵˡ˷һﾪˣǿĽΪ˵ݰлһȥ˷˲ʱһ֪жЯ츰Σ֪ʢ£ڱһס£ԭ͵ĴͻȻ𻵴ޡ 
֪ݲûĻʦү˼λ׳ɫλҪǣүɶһλֻСʵƽˣ֪ݵھӣһλԻݪĵõĻһɣϹܼɶһλ͵Ϻˡ 
֪ݽλˣûŶԶˡ 
ģܹ֪ݹĿʹ֮ʧ٣ݸ棬ԿγûʧٵԳ 
壬֪Ͷڼ䣬ݷвٽϧΪڹã޷һ׷顣 
˷صİ൱ǿ֪еŮ᳭֪ݵ꼮ϣҲӸõĵԭŪˡ 
꼮УָƻļأȻҲӡơ˷޷ȡӡƣ˫ֵĻԭ¼ 
֪ݵʱգԭеңЩˣǴӺδðģ 
ꡢ꣬ţһŭ 
ɱĻ֣ƿڴǰĿ꣬ƴţǼ⣬ͷĻ֡ȴλٵ֪ݣҪȥ 





       ɳ嶯ʦү侲˵Ӧɱ췴Ӣۣìͷͻָˣպǻͦ𣿡 ˷ҡͷЦЩʶƻ֮ܣױȣˡ 
ߣǻ滨УҲ档ʦүЦӦûʧܹҲ⡣ 
˼ 
ĺӦ񲻻ɱ췴ҪɱģɱٵʱĺӦֳԶúܣ޿ɵ֤Ŀ֤ˡ 
ߣȻʡ 
ǻðҲᡣ 
Ĵǡ 
һԼðжɢ˵׽̡սֻǰһ֧ͳĵӲôӭ׽ȻɢˣһЩֵԶˡ 
װŪ֣ЦʦòŻװ 
ģ˭ҲӦЩ˵ʦү˵ã߻߻ٷˡ 
ĸȫݳڳ˯Сͷɢ˷˻ˣȰ֪ݴ˵Ĺڡ 
ƽʱ֪ݴ˵Ĺֻ°أڲҹ֪ݹڲţڲ䱸ɭϣһھͽֹǸ߶ 
Ժ¶տԺгһӰտӰеһ𣬲˼˳ſںʾ㱻һϵĺӰӻкԡ 
Х𣬺Ӱ账ӿһ𣬻ûΪһزõĻں衣 
Ӱڡ 
ûأһߣӰһһŮ 
հеĳȣżڴ˰Ūǻòͷˣš 
ͻȻûΪǧٵϸСĻƷХͻغվڽϵŮ䡣 
еһߣִһӣէ𣬸ɰٵĻڿм䣬̶ЩٿȻɢЩ⡣ 
еһԾ½ףֵƽһָһһɫĳ롣 
ϵŮһ£ͻȻӽӳ 
СҲ࡭Ů˼УеҲࡣ 
һ𼦣Ů˴ɳ⣬Ӱδ£ͷϿպӰ¶飬һڰŮ˵Ķϡ 
һЦһĽӰ֣еһţбƮ˳ߡ 
ɢӰس֡ 
ŮѱϽµĹסˣΡ 
½ѾɷâСαװŪеĳʣϵĺ޷ҡƽ޶˹һ磬 
ƵĹˣµĹЦһƽԷ⣬缰δ 
ԺǵİӰУͻȻӰâ˫ڰˣϢǻûĹꡣ 
ͷէէۣһӶһЦαˣǡôϵӰмн˸Ρ 
໡Ӱ񺿣ֱصˤϷµʹš 
ٴηЦ±ƽ 
վסеĳԾˣǲ׽̵ˣ 
ùЦΪ𸲡 
õĶ׵ľ֮һе̧֣Ҹн飬ţ󡣡 
ɱġ֣˷ˣԭĶӡҲ£ʣ 
ô㡭 
ϵðֱϵƭˣﲨŹЩƭͽɱ 
䣬ӰͻȻʧĽͻ⣬ûһ׺磬ƿ跢 
ʣս̽ʦĵһӡʣ壬 
ʵӰҲͻȻʧˣԭ÷ҫĿɫϼ⣬׺Ӵһ󲻿˼ĹⱬУƺ춯ҡȷ̱ǣ 
Ƭ̣׺â㡣 
ɫϼͻȻһ 
ܰŮ˵Ĺˣ֪ʱȻݶһ߳ͻȻ֣ǡסϳĺ 
һֽУ³ 
ԺнƺȻְ׺̬ 
λ˷Ƶĳȣеİ׺ƿնɣһŵصĺС 
³ˣֳһΣմ˰ɫʯңᱳ룬µڵ 
ϵĹ˴һԾ£ܿƮɢǺʯҡȲ쿴ʬʦүһɣ;ŶԶһӱðȴͻȻ׵ɱˡ 
ǰŮ˭ɱʵĹʡ 
ɹáһ˴𣬹á 
֪ݷˡ 
ǵģڽӡ 
ˣ 
ҰŪɰ׳գ֤֪˳һ˵֪˷򸾣ˡ 
ߣȥӦ硣 
ĸ磬ʣ 
ǵģУ¡ 
ҪԤȽ治ź˻ûģ仯Ƕ 
㲻ţ 
⡭Ҳ᣿ 
𣿡 
û㣬ֻ׺硣ĸ磬Ԫȡ𣿡 
ѣǺǣΪǽ𣿡 
ܣҪҡþȻ顣 
ǺǣӦ̣һ仯¿ˣߣ 
ʧ𣬴ҲȫǴҡ 
˵ͷһҿͧʻޣ˳ˮ˳Ƽ 
۰ 
ŵ϶˲Զһߵ¥ԿõҵĽˮõִɷѾǧ꣬ȥ˾ٻ÷հˡ 
Ƭ̼䣬¥С 
¥ǰĹ㳡ҫͬ硣 
Ȼʮϵȿ㳡̽ˡ 
ǵλ¯ʦֵ˵׳ȣǻҹɵˣҪǰ 
䣬ִһӣӿУӭȻҫĿĻһһ 
ϵǱͻװŪͬǰͬŤͷ񱼱š 
ãϵʮ嵶Ůɱʮ˵Ĵμˣ׼Ȼġ 
ʮŮУȻб콣뼰ͷТȡ 
ϵȻĴ̫йݵʥߣǿڽĴ̳λ¯ʦ뼰ʦֵˣ̵Ľεģȴڴ˵س֡ 
ˣɫԵôݣȻٽԽӽе 
ѣ׳ŵʣʣΪ֤ 
Ҫξ֤ô˷ǻĹٻ˵ûѲ棬֪ٽ豾ҡײƭôĹϻ´ 
ʦʦ棬ͨáȷǴ»ڶʮ²ڻĵӣǼٽ衭 
Ĺ죡ţ߳׷ʮʮءû˵ἰǵ¡ɽ£ǰºԲʱᣬðʧȡǡ縸ӱܴܾ崨֮ǰʹǰ飬֪ʹ߰;ʧ٣ϢжϡδܼʱֹǺΪ¹ǨԸ׷ûϵȻԲģȻñ嵽ҡ½·̳䱾ƻ 
ڽУʵûνֱϵǲμӹûΧ֯ͽͽʸţҲĿԼʵԺϷڻǷ縸ӣսڻҪ˽ר뵱Եĺ֯ͷ֪Ӻδ֣ԼҲͿͿ˵һˡ 
¯Ĵ¯̤ͦ۽ 
ѺôĿߣ¯Цƶ֪ʲô֪ϼѣٺʳ壬ۿɾͳһ˰ˣ 
һϣӳߡ 
ңݵ޲ͷɤף˴󵨣ҪǷ죬Ҫܲ𣿡 
⹷ֲǶɱţŭǰһӣһزݡ 
Ҳǹ˴֣ͻȻӶ޹˼ɵײȥ 
ӹ죬Ƶļ֣Ĳӡ 
֣һץס͵һһŲǰ壬һڽϣ͸ 
˲䣬ϵͬʱϷʯ쾪 
ţ 
֧ǧ磬էӰէէ֣ݿ࣬źϼ裬׵Ĵ¯彣Ӻζ弴ȫекĽбÿ˼ͬһ˲彣ϡ 
ɽѣѪɡ 
ı콣ȶˡ 
ĺӦ񣡡콣ŤͷŷӣӹţŮ 
ǰɽʯͻȻһŮˣعĿҪ 
콣еãһУɢ˸ҪӵϵʮŮɢ 
¥ѳ˻𺣡 
ϵʬ壬Ѫб졣 
û԰ϵ¥δϨòžˡ 
۹Ӱޣϵ˶ӵˡǷ֣ӦõȻʬڻǰǧٹֵĲ²⣬ҲʽĻĵҥԡ 
ͧ˳ˮ·ţ֮ããҹɫУͥʻУֻܣʢ˴ӰڣѼĽ䱦ѾĻֶŪĲƱ׬˲١ 
ˡ 
´ͷ뱾ǵһЩѣͳ뱬УʦүŮµĴڲел 
ʱ֣Ȳѣ˭֪λǼ٣еУ˭ҲûλѱıĿҲ֪Ǻ·Ȼ֪ǱӦ 
ڽͣ˵ףУʻͷĿͻҲ׷׸ǰ̣ЩʻεĶͥЩϺԴ 
ĿңĿã˭뵽Ӧͬһڼ䣬ɱ췴 
ڴͧˮããĶͥлϡΪ֪ˡ 
Ȼǲ׷Ѱġ 
ʻҹֲδǺӣδǺ˷к䣬С岼죬治֪δߡĿԶƺʮڱ޳·ƹĳ޽ǣǰּˮˮ졣;ӰС֧ĬĬظǰ̡ 
һ磬Ⱥͧ뼰紬Ŀۣʮҵĺ棬ʻ 
ڵλ˿ͣѾظ˱ĿͻָգŴүүүүá׿áȻǶ֪ĺӦ 
мĹٲƷд 
ҲϲơŴүָָԶӹͧү˵Զʮ֮⣬ѾᵽжԵϢ 
ͧĿ²ýûᷫ󣬹ķʻѲ 
֪һɺˣͧûϵűǡүü֪˻׷ݽ顣 
ܵģġŴүЦ˲ɧݣʾѾսȡЭ飬Ҳȡκ½⣬ս̶ǲȡ̬ͬȣ¡ 
ܲүü۽ǣǲܺˮﶷ̫ڣЩˮʧǾ˴ơ 
£Ҫòŷ 
ҶԺİ硣үҡͷһڰ죬ռ˱ˡ 
˵öԣģǲܺˮŴү𣺡ߣǵȥҴ 
÷Уеúܣֻϡ湤ƺУһλ︺طһλ︺뾯䡣 
ں棬ĿԶȥ򼴬 
Ŵүүں棬æк 
˵ڴǰɣŴүЦʡ 
ǵģŴүе硣 
ô죿 
һӣϰдĵطӡֻ¾̫ԶӲ 
Щ˾סڸĴ򣬲𣿡 
ǱϾү 
ôط 
ʮʽڣǰؾˡ 
ϰ𣿡 
Сִ㣬ү 
л 
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ʮ 
һɫԣŷƬ̱㿴紬ڡ 
ǻˡŴү˵УֱɣǵĴǿ 
תϰʻ⣬һˮݺ«ĺأֻ½ء 
ûдۡ 
ϰ紬ѽӽ˷ʻ 
ÿһֻһֻᣬԾǰŴүվڰϣ򴬷Ǳȭ 
ллλǵлλǺǲΪǵġ 
λүҪǵ𣿡ʡ 
ˣǻسȥɣǻҴɴ½·ټλ 
û·ûɽ̣䡣 
ˮݡ«ݶ 
˸ˮݣ 
ϣϣΨһ֪ҪߵķҺָ̫ʾ 
ãʮϣӦԶǵĻΧˡǱ֣ƯմˮҹǣҶƽ¡ 
ģôϰ죬Ȼ䣿ү߷ߵ˵˵֮硣˵죬㡣ضͥأ˶㣬ǡ 
ǰŲݶеģͻȻסڣ 
ǰ滷ˮ֪ǺǺӣûдͲܷɶɣҡ 
ϡŴү̾˵ǻأ 
ȹȥҲд䣬дҵõү°˵ģˮҲ˸һˡ 
˵һˡүʼѥɱĺˣǻˡ 
ĸ磬Ҳᡣ߽˵ҵˮҲʮ⡣ 
ԡүȻܾˮ𣿡 
ģ˹ģ㻹úأүЦã㿴Ŀǣһ֮պҪĵŶ 
磬㡭ߺŵүһۣ㣬 
ԩôүȻ鿪ЦˣˮﵱȻȥʲô𣿡 
ģ㲻ҪҪƶ죬СͷŴүָˣٵȥ̫ºȥ 
ү˷ˮүͭߣ˽ѥ¿˰䣬һ㣬ˮһǰΣ㣬ˮĲ 
һʱǱػˡ 
˹үйǰ½һƬޣϻһޣ֪жޣǱСסˣжѽ 
ж󣿺ߣŴүʼ磺Ŵһ󣬱ߵǼϵıأ˵жЩޣγɲᳬǧ꣬ٵǧ꣬¾ͻһˡڣֻˮȥޣ½п࣬⣬үɷɳȥ 
ιȥΣյúܣЩС֮ˮƹúܡүˮѵˣ˵ĻȨԣڴ˵¶һȥѰƯľˮŲܶɹⲻɲĺ 
㣡ûʳүԽ 
ȥѽ׽ҰѼҲүһָҿǱϿҰغͺڵˮѻ裬֧ô졣 
󣿡׿ŰˣҵĻ죡ĸ磬£Ҫ˺òã 
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һͻŻˣ˵òãŴү˵ԵˮҶУһ۵࣬Ͽȥ취ȥʰƯľ׼𡣺ߣ԰ѺһʮԹ 
ȷѺˣǣ˲ǰ촬紬ѲȫޣֻҪ˻ǿӲ䡣 
ҶѾľȻ߲ɣڳɴԲ«ݶҲ߶ȽɣΪŨܣڲ䡣 
ڶһ죬˱Ƶ޷ 
ЩɱĻ֣һл涾«еү̲סһǲ߽ˮߣȻ޷뿪Ҳ޷ʳǡ 
ҪȥŪһҴүҧ˵ﱻ 
ôȥģվ磿ŴүЦĵ֧Ƭ̣Ƭ֮ͿܲʸҽйʱԵ룬˭Ҳܲ˶壬ܵˣ 
Ƭ̣Լڰٲ֮ڲ˺үҡͷҿԳˮУˮɫǣǵĴʻˮ׷ֻҪһ¶ͷͻܵϮûã硣 
͸ҪŴү٣ŽӢ֮ء 
סǵġүҡͷ쿴ɫλ̫ǰ䱦ףˮߣϣǹֱ淽ɱģƺүҲ鷳ˮԻȥΣ 
ҡǺѼӡ׿ڰԣܡܴܲҡ 
Ȼûжˮ˵ãںﻹүƵļ򣺡ģһ跨ǴߵģҪƽشߣԶߡ 
׿ס֣ĬĬذϣĿעڲС 
򼴬Ϸɳ۶ϵķͽĿɿǿʮ֮ࡣްٲӹٶʮ־ˡ 
֣Ŵүü㹻ʵʮҴҲٸˣһǿΪβǿϲײף޴ӣڵô 
ǶЩү˵ϴǳﾣɽ޵һҹɨͥѨɱһˣߣܱɽܣʮǧǸ 
ȻǿǿοйŴүΪȻܾĳЩطԣⲻǺܵϰߣͨǹʱǳ¸ҵģȿֺҶգƺˡ 
ǡүָָʻһ紬ǿ޵޾ս̬ơߣһΪǱвˮԣòżææ 
ɶ͸үҧ˵½أҷǲɡɽȺΪβΪ 
˰ɣŴүЦͥʮɺˣôδ˵̫ˡһɼȻȻǵĺӦǷǸ˶ϲɣĺӦţ˶ɨأҺúϢ׼ߡ 
ں󲻾ãüɢѿָүǿϰæ 
˷Ϊ·м䣬ÿ·ǣⱻɢүүǰ죬Ȼȥ 
Զ⣬ֺһͧʻʮ֮ 
Щ쵰˹ˣүһһү˵ֻҪƬ̣ǵˣϧ 
λСڣҿɲԸðաү˵ٳ⣬ҹжᴬԼͬΣգ˿԰˳䣬𣿡 
˰ʱǵĵһޣϣ˵ްҵƯľϵĸɡ 
һҹ֮䣬ԽޣһǸޣ棬໨һ򳽣Ƹ޵β˿ͷ 
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һĴׯٺİڴ壬ʮ˼ңһǿά滧һũǴΪԣ˼ҡ 
滧ʵȻڱسۣһĵ˾﷿ͿܵˮݺͰȺ㣬㡢㡢ꡭ˵Ҳ޷ţ߼أˮ࣬ɣÿһĶﶼأ׽֮ʳ֮ߡһ㣬ЦǵĴȺһ򣬴лգԶ;䡣Ҳһ滧Ļ뾫׳˼ڼң洬һȥ죬سʱЩƷȵȣҲңڣ֮磬ǿ 
һЩСĴ䣬û滧 
ڴ˵Ҳ滧ڵ滧Ľ顣̫үӵбİʮĶ¡Ͼ֮࣬ԼĴϡʮİŮãһϺСɽµ㣬һǲһ̫үϷϲֽɫڰߵİ 
뼴תɻɫũϾʱ⡣շףľãѾ׼ͣѾ˴ϰȺ˸ĸǰȴһļУץ˳Ŵ䱸 
ϣϵĴ£֪ʱĺӰȳ֡ɫԺڣվ¸׿ĿҪǺ紵ƮƮ治׷֡ 
ңáһӰº͵سк塣Ѹݺͽ𣿡 
ԭʧ壬ŻˡСأ壬ҵҪ 
֪Ҫȥ㣬峿ǵõʱ⡣ƽ˵ǣԺ죬غĴ֧۴Сװ͸ݷڴϣϰ֪𣿡 
壬Ϊô 
Ҫʣ㲻ˣ֮мͽһûΪͽߣҪϼӷȥûٳšɣҵȥ֪ͨ 
ǱĴĻǷû˸ҺĹ涨 
СΨΨӦʣĿİ彣ȥԶЯҴҷҡ 
һСں飬յ͵ƷɫĹâ 
̫үޣѾǻ׵ˣȻʽ˫Ŀڵƹ¾ 
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Ѿͷܿ𣿡̫үʡ 
ɫ̫С˵һһֻӥǣǻɫġ 
ĽɫڣǶ߿ǡ 
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ǿɲһŶϰ顣̫ЦЦħŮ£֪˶ħ֣Щ˵ͽͽ˵Ҫʦѵϴѩʦųأ 
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СΪǡΪϣ¼ɸء 
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ܿرˣ紬ڰУڸ߰ʮĴ䣬жŮͽҪϢҪʱİˣֹݴİˣӵ 
ڵļˡסڴļУ˵Ȼ塣 
һˣǱڴɽ´ĳùǸʮ֮ڣʢһ棬ҲǰʮķʦȨ 
ƧȨȹٸĶࡣĴˣʹߣĻһС޷޸ĿУһȨп׵λ 
˸ڰʱ֣ڹ۲ษź嫵Ĵ̨ϡӿϷͣϿӰһ岼һƬãã 
կܰ˱Ƶ˵𣿡Ҳλòʣˮããںδߣһѵǰæһ 
һġÿ϶˵һָ뿴һޣǷβɣ֪ΨһԵִ½صĵطϣҲͷǰϵһԽɡڵٺɽߵɽҲԶɽҲضˮܿɽɽͱʾ½ء 
ԣԡ 
ԣǷɡֻҪ;ͷס˵ɡկ׷ƣһ 
ѵ˻ûȫԸƶԽİĺӦɲ׶Ըأ 
һڣǵһԳ˿촬޵ 
ԤǽԽӽ 
ܵģҲһ졣ǲƶҹˮǰޣʮңǿڶĩ 
һǰСһͷʤڴ˵ãӣ϶ɰһ򾡡 
һǲǰСͣ٣ĻҹֲֻܷҪˮһǲǹһأΪ⣬ڴ˵ؼ߳ΪϲߡߣĺӦʮһֱ׷ˣû뵽Ȼб׷һ죬עڽˡ 
Ըˣһͬ˯ðˡɽ˴ƺš 
ֳϵ˸ϵˡȻǱʾֳϵĴѾӽ֮ˡѵ˲ǰƶҪǰӭӣ㡣 
ԷȫжǼΪµ¡ڶԷмƻѹ£ԷĹƶжȻΪ¡ 
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ȫԷļУ׼Խ޶ɣΪֻҪʧһԵء 
ʱ֣̤Сޡ 
ҹУֻˮããɫԽˣһ촬׷Ҳɢһɱ 
Ѿȹ죬ԷԽ˾顣дˮϢЩˮݵľԸߵþˣܵţںҹҲȺ𾪷ɣڸ߿շʮസߺǵ˺δѱ˵׷ˣǱ֮ˮݷˣŴˮ«ݶǱгԽҴ⡣ 
һǣ޶ߣ̲С̫˷ʱ䣬Դ޷ʩ 
Խڰޣҹȥˣ౸ǳ˿ͷ 
ˣǴʪ¿㴩ѥڲݴСĵСˮѷȥʳ˽еΪ˳ 
ǲ֪Сޣ֪ںδ 
ڣߴѿԿľɫɿĵá 
½أǰү̲ס˷ܵؽУлл죡ǿɽˣ½أ 
͸϶쿴ܵơ 
ʮĿɽֻһľһߵɽȷɽɵɽ 
Կڴ壬Լɱ档 
һ뵺½ǲˡŴүظ˵ 
ȷǰ뵺ˮԼʮ࣬壬һģ֪嵽жʮҲʮ 
ʾǰСɽİ뵺Ψһ½ĵطɲĺߡ 
úϢЩ񵰳伢ү˵񣬽ͿԵ½ˡ 
ҲϲơŴүɫ 
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д䣬ȴκδӰ 
⡭е㲻ԡ 
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ģҪ嶯Ŵү侲˵ǲɱв˿ʵӦʩӦסһ㡣 
֣ô˵ĴӰˣùĸ 
Ѿ첻˵Ĵ˵첻˴ֻҹΡ 
ү˵һںԶˡ 
ڴ˵ϢԼܡŴү˵ãƲ꣬ٲᱻ̫ɹͷҲܳɿˮ¡˹󣬽д꣬ڼǰǻܵס 
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нҲҪƽǡүð˵̫ĻֻԼõȷ߻գ֮ڸ˴ꡣ 
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񳿣ŮңҪ̫үЪϢ 
˵λǰ참ģ׽ͽغһҹҪϢ 
ΧݣҲֱסа참ˡ 
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Ѿˣʹߡһλݵ˵³־Լ磬ЩУҪͷغ򵽱Ӧǡλ˭нŮӷħŮô˭жͨ 
㡭ΣҾġ 
ʹߣ֪˵ʵҲ㣬Ҫ̰УɲҪѺĵ¿ηΡ 
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үүϢ֪Ѿв˽ӽʮСġ 
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˶ˣųվͨԺȿڹۡƬ̡ 
ˣһ¡ԺУѹ˷ 
Ƭ̣̫үҴҳȿڡ 
𣿡̫үֵΪ˳С϶Ը 
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߲һ죬Сһǿµİ⣬ײıϡ 
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㣡ǡ 
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       ڴ˵ֻʮ˼ңһССĴ壬ÿһҶǷɢģммСӹÿһҡ ΧʮңסĹס 
Χ˷䣬ҲǰھߣǺ˵оãӦ൱ܡ 
ǣ̫˳˲ˡȵڲоȫĲã©Ӧ˲ܼʱڲĳһ㣬Ϊֲõȱ 
ԣٵԿٵжͻ©塣 
Χߣص롣 
Χ𾯽ˣŪڵ׷Щôʣ߶ˣ· 
ӰӲݴԾסӷбˡ 
վסôˣΪ׵ĺӰʡ 
У˫ӽ̧ŵķ緫ϵĳѷˡ 
ӵˣסǣڶӰŽУиֵʡ 
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һ죬ֵ֣βһúӰ⣬βڸ 
СƳԽýһһڶӰӰҲû壬ʹһС 
˵ӰӰ书ǿһҲȱɱ˵ľ飬һ壬ûѸز 
Ӱˣýͬ飬бһţйҿ硣 
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Ӱæн¡棬ʧȥ׷ɱĻᣬΪۣмܳصȻΪʮ㡣 
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ӰȻ˵ã൹бܶ𣬲̫һҲ¡б¹һ档 
ĸϾһ¼ϵ֧סվС 
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Χصˣ½ϵסȥ򡣴׷ˣҲס·Χνݼš 
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ʮָмʦĴ 
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첻̫үȻܾò 
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һħаħޣȥս̵ԣƽڶԷĹвߴ 
ʱӦ÷ףȴЯСҲߴˣ߳Ƹ߾֮䲻Ըͬ 
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㲻ΪڱϷ߼ˣ˵ƽѵ˵ǶǷǵĿ 
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ĸ̤ǰһֽ 
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תս½ԧСӾսĶ֮һ鲼սͨһǹһϣ仯Ϊ 
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Լһ²ϼ磬Ļһ޺޵شҴˡ 
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ⳣ۷򣬴Ⱥɸ϶ 
ǼӦ˶ˣȻ֪¹ݱ䣬ֻ֪¹ʵķڴ嶫ңҵʮǰ˳Ӣ۷ħ衣Ϣǳ֣̫֣ǰ׽÷ħһ٣Ѻ۴Σ֮ʧȥ硣 
ˣ̫Ҳ۵;Уһٲ֪䡣ôֻһħһ٣ɱ׽ǵˡ 
ǣ׽ֳˣ̫˱ɱĵط޷͡ɵǣ̫ľХǱ׷ɱХڲ׽ֳ׷ɱӦڳĻس̲ŷӦڲ׷ֳȣɴĴ𰸲ѹϣǾ׽õ֮Ѻص;УܵҵϮһ٣ɱѺˡ 
еĹҲǰڴѧڵءѧҲպݱ˽ӣͬǣѧǳ͢涨ıĴ繫ѧȴɴи𣬾ѲλطӣֻסڹĿͷ 
֮һշӣҡһ䣬ṩϢҲ¶Ǻ˵ݣ˹ɨء 
ĺõƻԻͣսš 
ӳ۸Ԯˣжʮ֮࣬ڴвغʮҪñԵеӵˡ 
ʮˣǴ˵װȴֲװˡףʮҪɫޡǰʮĺҪԱЩеĸ֣ںغˡ 
£ʮеĸϣǴеλνͳ 
վŻػģշӡʮͣһס¡ӣȱͷֻˡ 
ϸʮУǺˣΪ׵Ƕկ˹ǰһģԼΪײеĺˡ 
⣬ѺһλӣϴסһƣڲӵĽкУ󺺽˰ǿȹ¡ 
˾үֻշ˵ҽУˡ 
ҲǱƴʾ֮һԲ䣺ӳһȾƣ塣 
ҵү 
ˣץˣλװһֻޣɭ˳ʡ 
ɳĻץˡǷ˳ػػ 
ƺЩˣ书ڵˡװ˵ 
ûݣ޷֪˭似շӴش 
շӣڰشԵ꣬Ȼ֪ķħկ˹ǰ˵ӦùˮկѲظߣ 
ڰڼص˽Ӵ֪ħţշ˿ 
˶կֹ²áװ˵һЦ³Ѿˡʵ˵̵˸У֪ħϸҲûм벻عʣƶ 
ǣƾɳ˵ 
ǣʦˡװˣŻ˵ʮ˵һ˲书ΪǿˡҵİףһСɱ˱ʦʮλӡǴеĸϣһ֪һЩ˭ָЩôˣĿ¿ӵδء˭ͿԻʦʩʡ֤İȫ 
ʹǵ˵֪ߣ 
Ǿһ崦׺ݵ˵ǿ˵ѪζŨ 
үһ֪ģ𣿡շڷүԶ¡ƭ帽һСĵؽѡҤȵȣƽʱҶĵطһ֪ģҵĺѣ˵ɣǻˡģҲˡȫ壬㲻ϣկɣ 
ϡүĵذţҳϺ𡭡ұȡߵý֪֪ǵ£찡 
Ҫ죡շ׶үٶһҲӣһ֪ġϹɱţҪȫˡҪ֪կȫˣʹҪѰڴĵƤȫתҲҪҵҳġܷܲ͸磬ҵӣѱⱻ֣ڻûжһڴڻΧĶ߻ؽһ֪ 
ҷģҡһ㶼֪찡үֱ˻ˡ 
㻹ǲ˵ϵʡ 
졭桭Ĳ֪ 
ϵİŭС 
һ䣬үͷǰѪǰ磬Ѫȴ̱ǡ 
졭С 
ġ˿ſͷġ 
˵Żˣһʺƨ㵱 
Ȼ֪ٵ䣬ڴע˱ҵˡ 
ͽڴѣشͷ 
嶫Լ࣬һƧĳУ߸ϯضˮ磬ȫˮںմһЩࡣ 
ǰܰŪһҴ㱨ˡүħϿҵ˵ĻԲ𣿡 
ã಻˵ЩνĻħЦϰϼӿܣĿ³ðӲ;ˣԸ·ͷԶ߸߷ɡ 
ҪΪ˰Ѷϵ˽ӹҪԶ߸߷ɡү֣ص˵ҪҴһǰһԶ߸߷ɡ 
ǻҪ̫үȻʡ 
ǵġүʮּ 
˶࡭ 
ɾգ 
⡭֪ս̵Ŀ𣿡 
֪ϺˡүЦĺӦҪս̳˶ϣʱʱ򣬲ΪӦǸ׵㣬ã˵صôһʦĳʣǱӦɱĶ壬Źǵġˮк˰ףˮǲܺڴ˵غǲܳ˴ߡ 
Ǿһݣħӱܵˡ̫үҧվ𣺡Сϵܣȥ 
ǿϣǷѶú;Ϯ 
ǡˡ 
ϰ飬Сʮҡ̫̫Ů˵һңѵͲܰˮԵ˴ҹдˮƶȳ˴ȫһٱ 
ѽС˷ܵ˵ʲôͲգʱȥ֮ǰһƽػ½ 
λġ̫үЦЦͬգÿһˣϴˡϰºųŮŮãƺˮԸЩ 
ֻǡ񲻰ǰһϽɱġ 
СϵܣһѾˣĿмҹ鲻ãĻҵˡ 
үҲϲһ̬ȡСʱүֱۣҪǲǲ衣һһӡ 
㡭 
ôСãǵ죬ʱ˺ȫѵⲻҡźôӦ 
үЦ磬ҵһҺ۶ĶˣȻҡǰδҵͲ 
֪δң׼ߡ̫үȻ˵ 
㿴ûүɴࡣСүȻһЦһ𣺡㲻ģү 
յı꣬²˶õģ콫ƿԴ󣬺Ȼ˻ȣ 
غˣ޷ˮ½ˡҵϤƣ֪ںδ½Աܿصˡ 
ˡ 
ǰǰ˰ڷʮʬŮٶУһ֪ǱͽǴĴ 
ʮ໧סլȫ٣һ㡣 
ÿһҴլԽвʳȴܷ˵ĵؽѣʱȫҳڿˡЩؽѽݲ࣬ЩԶסլЩڲ԰ԣڷͽɴдլסޡ֪ЩɷĵϸΪǴ참Ĺˣû߱ܣͽһƣеĵؽѽԱгˡ 
г˷ͽ⣬ȫλŮ٣Ŀ½ټ 
ʮʬ壬ȷѾʮʬУѺƹʮŸͣȻҲ촦үڡ 
ò̵Ĵɱ 



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       ͥĺаʮɣͨʳĵ̣ͨߣڵڸҪǱһĻעط˥һٸĶٱµ֮ǰͽԼ糷롣 Ա˵ȥܵ˵Ѫϴ٣Ѻ˺壬˼ΪۺţӵиʽٵսവǴѶ˲ϢɴʮѶ׳»Ƴȣץסˣһɸɱ飬Աֱһ˾Ȯ 
ЭԱ;ֻвˣܻĺƽ֡ 
򡣿ɾûôˡһǵشƫƧҲϡ٣˶࣬ûгֵ޷ֿӿĴȺˡһǹٸ޳ĪѲߵĹٱһҲΣߣ߷ãټϷͽв뷴ҲòǺֻˡ 
ˣغ޲׷׳شЪϢغһҹȡˮܡЪϢأֻҪһ˼ź͹ˣòȫء 
嶫ǺӺͽջã˵ֲǰأҲΪҵ˶æһҹ֮⾫񲻼˯ɡ 
ģϰˡλһ汦ͬ˵ǼôӦһεС𣿡 
˭֪أһͬϰɴҲ֪ҸǺͿɱģĺӦѾˡĿ¸ַħ˺ʱˣҪ군ˡ 
˵ëȻҲšǵб£ħ˳ʮ꣬Ҳڽưʮ꣬Ŀ¸ǰʮ¿ײĵˣôɱʦ÷̫ɵ棿ɾ磬ַưǰʮޣҲǷĵ֣ѵ˵书붨Բ˻Ҿš 
٣ɱĶʮšҺС˯ƬϰˣൣЩòã 
͵ұ 
󣬲֪ʱһӰ 
ȻǶǾϢɣ֮΢Ц˵˵ԶϢΪѾܹˣԶϢˡ 
ǡ˺Ȼͬʣٰε 
ĺӦ񣡡 
εٶȲ죬һͭҷţܵĻҲûץסһһŸ˳һ­ݡ 
һ죬ǵأأȻܷһˮ߿дͼ˸Ĺ⻪ 
õүʰѿڳޣֻصĴ׵֮һôȻϡɵСͽУһĵ񶫷ƽŲ˼ˡ 
Ŵүͬóһ࣬ʬ嶪ݴС 
ĸ磬˲ϡɵСͽ˵ɷԪ٣񶫷ƽΨһͽǱĺӦͷ壬ֻ̫صͲϡƽڰεʱ 
ﲻư˻ǱŮżΪ㲩 
˭ˣѵҪˡүȻ˵䣬ͼݰѵʸҡ 
ڰɷԪٵʬ嶪ݴ֮ǰѰѵҲˡ 
ĸ磬ҡｫʵݸҲҪɱӦңҪ 
Ҫѵ𣿡үյʣ֪καУɱͭ߷˷ѧѽߴƤѧģɱˡ˵ˣҲõģ߰ɣһ·ˣ 
ģ϶һ·ش죬һһ·˳Ŵүӿ˵һֶʳϰϷá 
үүһ飬ȷ˳ջʮַ˶һ鹲оŸ֮࣬ΪС顣ү밮һ飬үСĸŮһ飬̫үϷͷ󣬳͸ڵע⣬ȻϮּΪ׺ݣþзѶĻᣬСͬЭߴΧڣѴ嶫϶˵Ĵͽִϵդڡ 
Ŵүү빢һ·山ľڣ٣ʵȴǿүṦΪѵ˵Ƿ켫ľ磬Ѿɳ֮Ϊλ仯Էͽһҹƣ֣һûǿֵĹǣҲͲٶڳʪش䣬󵨵͸Զ㱻Ŵү֣һһƣȻԽչҲʮѸ١ 
˻ص山դڡ 
һХĵƣһǰ뿴ٵĴ䣬ӣ첻سХֱġ 
ǲ˷ѾȻֱ룬϶еˣض׷Ӷ 
Ȼլžӿ 
ȲᣬХ 
Ĺ⾰ƴôÿһլŴ˵ģ 
ԤСǵͷ 
ϣ˸˵ХǾ춯أҲļƾˡ 
ڴЪϢˣǾḻĸޣҲַĹַʽŪһͷˮҲľ 
ֱٱʽǿ棻ضۺʵ 
˫ǡõ﹫ǰ 
ХͻȻжϣʮһ˺Ȼֹ 
ʮʬˣͷ֫Ҳ̶ãѪͣ㳡ȫȾˣѪŻ 
ʮһ꣬һ 
찡ĳĹһкš 
ϣͻȻתŻȴŻ²ôʹ 
үڷһӣͭ߷µĺХƿת䡢֪δȥˡ 
֡סֻصĵУĴָѹ˿ɡֶһ˫ִֺڵĻĿʱԵø󡢸ڡɭȼſµľĵ֮ 
ΪôΪôŴүʹؽУΡ 
׷ࡢʮʮû˸ðʧسϻк 
үһԵŭХκתĵѾʣϵ߿ǣͻȻӳģ˵ġħ۾Ƶ˸⻪ 
ˣ湦߶£ƺͻȻʧˣһĹâ߿ħƵĹǣƺ˸衣 
Ƕǣƺ³ëɭҹ׹ĵľĶ 
ЩĹεҧУѾˣҲܰǵ˿꣡ 
ʮಽ 
үķˮ¡» 
ŴүĽү̣ͬһ˲ҰѣѪɡ 
ꡣ 
ʮս̵Ĵͽæз 
òǰˡ̫үסҪϵСãµʹ˲Ȼ 
ˮĺ£ʮʮׯҪȥҪ 
Ƭ̼䣬ͽȫˡ 
ۣ̫үг֣ȱߡ 
зıʣ۵˲֪ܴӿµХ뱻ɱͽıҺУ³һ̫ 
⣬С޷紬ƹβ﷫ʻ 
ڴɽ´Ǻ«ݶӳУԿ첿ڰϣ֪ˮɺ˵Ĵ󲿷ޣѵﳣۣɳ۵ˣתׯ޵Ȼһݷͽڳָӡ 
Χķ׮̤ʮһλŮѶȻ󳷣ҳ衣 
Ŵүһǰߣŭƽ 
ԶԶأ㿴Ĺ㳡ʮˣɱڣƾˡ 
ǳźŴүԶ˵ڣǸҲڹڡү˵Щ˵Ĵ磬һ֪ȫǺˣǴͷˡ 
ãнʮ佨ģȴκһլԺ󣬴ɻǮۣȴԼסôӡŰڣĹ⾰ս̵˲ҲӦö棬Ӧ˲ӦС 
ʮͽУȷս̵ˡһᷢأеıедйȴûսˣһ֪Ǻˡ 
ͽдһɧƺùȻʮһһŮģδ̫֪ˣŮ˼ǿǿļû˵أѹַͽǸе죬Ҳеŭ 
Զʮ⣬ɿ˵ɱȷһͽƲһ 
ս˱ӵɱ飬ܺת»ΪΪ㣬һɱ¾Ѿʧˡ 
ʮˣ;ĵơһСݻһеơ 
мݳģһ˫۵Ĺˮͥһײк˵졣̫үʮͽʮɷǣȫɱѪײкˡ 
Ǽס̫үƽ˵εΪǶǴǴɣ 
ҲڣǾǡסǡ 
μӵˣڴ˵ءүҲƽ˵̤ǰߡ 
һǹ䣬λŵĹΪɱǲӦõˡ 
û 
ˣʮ˫׺ݵĿӭǡ 
ʮʮǵıоˡ 
ŴүУʮֹ 
ٸںδŴүŭˮʡ 
ôĺӦ񣿡ˮʡ 
ңӦţź㡣㻹ûлشµ⡣Ŵүǰƽ 
㣬ôͥĺú 
ޣúֻһȺ΢ĻʣһȺ࣬Լ˿еŮ֡ 
ŭʮɷеɷܲ裬ϣѷˮӵغХ˫ƼΪۡ 
ŴүתƵĳʣ˳ƻӳ潣 
һ𣬽ĵΰתʩ˴ĵ϶룬ӹɷǵټ͵ع滹յɷߣ͸߳ 
Ǹû뵶ڵģ̫ˣɲǵĽӴо˭Ҳֱ˭ɱ˭ֱǰѪ⣬֪ʤС 
ɷǶΪǰɷʬҲбˤ 
㻹ûлشµ⡣ŴүմѪĽָˮɫ侲ƺղŲûκαʣʬ޶У·Ĳˣ΢ĳϡ 
һѺһһȵĽȻɧź 
ˮɫ䣬ҪԹĻ 
ڹ̫үǵսƷˮ˵ 
ȨŮ𲯣ⶼǶͥúģȨУһߡЩôҹܶͥúġ 
ɱŴүŭ𣬻ӽֱϡ 
һ˴ԵģںվүƺӰѾûʧһ⻪زڣĵĵҲƺʧˣ뵶ںϳһ⻪Ѫɣ˶ѡ 
һʮһͷͻʮͷȺ籩꣬ݿࡣ 
һŵҲү濴սƷʮ˸մӴӿײˡ 
Ůٴ񣬽Աס˫ڶڣк 
ǰչǡԡѪŴүȻ̫ү˵ӦҪȥȣҴ 
Ƿ塭 
УǰŴүȻܾһң޷չˡĵǣս̵ΪټҪͷء 
磬ڴ˵ءү˵ǰԸ±Ƚ׵Щ 
Ҳá 
ĴȻ׳󣬴Сˡ 
޷˵ҪѾ𾻾˲Ϊ 
֪شһᾡŬչЩˡ 
Ҿͷˡ 
ү٣׼һЩŰ塢ľѴŴԶաõöˣʰһѺĵУסºõŴԷͽ롣 
æã˼̵ķկ 
ү棬ֽŵĲзˣŷʯϡ 
Ҫ֪ս̵˵δȥˡγĵ˵һԣҪǡͷǾȻǣ֣ȴң⣬ֺα 
ǵȥˡһͽ˵ 
ںδү׷ʡ 
ʮߵġ 
˵˵ڵȺĺӦôڽҪͷµȥˣߣ㡭 
ûѵıҪͽ˵ӢţһֱûдйĺӦϢΪǸͲӴ˵ 
ңΪڴеˣԶԸǱӦ񡣡һͽ˵οկѾȫկľӢѾòǲˡ 
ǵкͼıү׷ʡ 
ҹڴϢͥ˷ӾӢұկһͽԽͣկĵӲ̫ᶴͥĺǰկķּկʮ֣ɶͥÿʮӾѡͥзţһǰկͬʱָկֽ̫ңկǡζͥʷǰȻг±вͼıկʵϣȥԶԴԼˣϸڵأҪ붴̸ͥУϣ˵ͥս̵ҲկΣ 
ԭˡϴٰڴ塭 
ǲѵ¡ͽΪԼΪ绤Ϊ˱ƹɱ˴еλʮˣ´ȥӦɱկ˸կòϴ٣ɱһҲɱɱҲɱɽһúüǮԡԡ 
ԣҪߣ˵ɽȥеǵĵģ 
ǵҲƴסŵģǡ 
뷨ˣĴ󡣡үҧ˵һͽĿ 
Զĺźͺ 
һͽүԾݶ䱸Ӹ£Լĺɫľӳڣ׿С 
Կ紬ΦˣƬ̱㿴ˣȻΦѾŵˡ 
һҲŴү˵İΣԸʮˣ˾ˣľս̵ˣŴү˿ܲ 
쳤Хʱȫˡ 
ŴүıХ 
壬һΪƧһ壬ʮụ̂ܲҲ޷ںУ룬ضڣųĻ᲻ٷ֮һ 
ȴˮյˮկڵأһΪصغ룬˵Ĺٱ·룬ͳʶͥ˵ĶͥҲŪ庽ܣˮڲᶴͥĺɵٴ壻Ϊ 
Σλ迵կڵİڴҲϴ١Ӳѱ߲ݣĲݶԹˡ 
ˮկһ޵м䣿˼½ϵݣΪ½ǰվʮС¡ˮկʮƵĴɣô 
ľߵȻһ¡ 
Ƴʮս̵ĸִҴҸϵˮʮ·ҵ˸վСͷĿħ׽֪ˣʱ֣ͥѾ׾ٵռˮˮկ˸档 
½ǰվˮկʮ·мǺµֻһܵСˮկңˮݹɵĸޣһ̤ȥǾˣˮݵĸסֻ³ϸ 
ħ׽˵СѱǿͥѴţҪˮԳ棬կ䣬ں米ѣƲá˳棬Ųܡ 
ս̵˲ģɳͬ׽ӽ˷ߣҪ붴̸ͥУȴһϻˡΣ¶ս̵Էǣֱˮʼ 
СͷĿ˱ڴ峣ۣҪˮСͷĿһ߱㲻ٻˣ۰Ͱ͵صȵĽ 
ս̵ˣŴеĲͬʮҪԴ˻ҰɫĲۣ˵٣ƵǲɮɮȴмʿɣЩĺˣƵʡ 
·ǰĺСͷĿһéԵе㽹겻ħ׽Ϊ׵ʮˣǰ̾ͷ 
͡ 
һé⣬һλʩԶСͷһ䡣 
һұĿ񱼣һ˵С 
Կ紬ΦˣƬ̱㿴ˣȻΦѾŵˡ 
һҲŴү˵İΣԸʮˣ˾ˣľս̵ˣŴү˿ܲ 
쳤Хʱȫˡ 
ŴүıХ 
壬һΪƧһ壬ʮụ̂ܲҲ޷ںУ룬ضڣųĻ᲻ٷ֮һ 
ȴˮյˮկڵأһΪصغ룬˵Ĺٱ·룬ͳʶͥ˵ĶͥҲŪ庽ܣˮڲᶴͥĺɵٴ壻Ϊ 
Σλ迵կڵİڴҲϴ١Ӳѱ߲ݣĲݶԹˡ 
ˮկһ޵м䣿˼½ϵݣΪ½ǰվʮС¡ˮկʮƵĴɣô 
ľߵȻһ¡ 
Ƴʮս̵ĸִҴҸϵˮʮ·ҵ˸վСͷĿħ׽֪ˣʱ֣ͥѾ׾ٵռˮˮկ˸档 
½ǰվˮկʮ·мǺµֻһܵСˮկңˮݹɵĸޣһ̤ȥǾˣˮݵĸסֻ³ϸ 
ħ׽˵СѱǿͥѴţҪˮԳ棬կ䣬ں米ѣƲá˳棬Ųܡ 
ս̵˲ģɳͬ׽ӽ˷ߣҪ붴̸ͥУȴһϻˡΣ¶ս̵Էǣֱˮʼ 
СͷĿ˱ڴ峣ۣҪˮСͷĿһ߱㲻ٻˣ۰Ͱ͵صȵĽ 
ս̵ˣŴеĲͬʮҪԴ˻ҰɫĲۣ˵٣ƵǲɮɮȴмʿɣЩĺˣƵʡ 
·ǰĺСͷĿһéԵе㽹겻ħ׽Ϊ׵ʮˣǰ̾ͷ 
͡ 
һé⣬һλʩԶСͷһ䡣 
һұĿ񱼣һƺΪ˥ʣһһʮֳ 
ȥˡĻ˼ڽУǰڴнҪϢˡ 
ˣҴۿɲӭ 
ãЮǱˣݡ 
ڣλаϣҷʮˡмԼ٣һ˲ģΰ룬һ˫ĴۣĽźã̬侲ϡ 
ݡѵĻ˴ϢŰݵ 
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乵ӡӵԡ 
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ѽһҲȻɫôɣ 
ǿ֡»׷׷ˮˮ衭կ˿ 
סһг⡭¡ΪΪı 
ǵˣȫˣȻ䡣 
ǵģկҲҲȫˡ 
Ҫ·ҵطݱܣ˵գܵȺǰйһͬʱкկ˻رܣȥ 
Ҵҵسˡ 
Ƭ̼䣬ȥա 
үվڶʮ⣬ϲĵĿ⣬վǰľŸˡ 
֪ïݼ䣬ҲʮˣҲʮǿ׼ 
֮Թǿƾܲ⣬иݵġмλĺ죬λҶܣʱ׼м졣ֶܣҪǷģȻҲʹù 
ˣϾмҵĴ󹭡 
˫ۣ׺ݵض 
һٴδǰӽ 
ʮ岽ʮ 
һǰȫ룬ֻҪǰһУͿнףŴĿʧȥˣаͷͽļΡ 
ǿѽ֦չ¹âҫĿ 
һǶͥ˵ 
ǡ״üһҪðˡ 
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ĺӦģͥһˣҲϣ 
佱佱 
кιɣ 
׷ݽ顣 
˵ͥȻˣЩ¾֪λ£ݵıѴ˰ﶴͥ 
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ȥˡͥŭУߣ 
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Ҳã˶ϵģĺӦܻһ죬㶴ͥү׺ݵ˵ˮ迵ͽϴ˰ڴ壬Ѫɺӣ㶴ͥѴ̡Щķͽ 
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ߣβȥڴһ飿ս̵ɱôʮȣˮϴںٱ°ۣȫް붰ȫݡҪĺӦʱڴضȮˮͽףڡ 
һȣͥУĻǼ٣ 
ĺӦ׷˵õ֤ 
ķӣѾռկˮկܾս̵աѾʱ 
ǵδȥˣ 
ߣʮʮǰСɽ¡ͥһָǵطʮΣСˡ 
ллүյˣХ 
ԶХŤͷ̤ߣԶʮ⣬ֹ 
߽ͥУϣǺڡ 
˵꣬תɶȥ 
Ӻÿ񡣡ͥҡͷЦ 
һСɽï겻䣬һǸйɸһǷ˵ںнկǰ߶˾ѲСɱö֮Ҳûˡ 
վԼɱСפĹˣһƬֺ󣬲Ҫ˵ʮˣݷУҲԷټ 
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Ŷطк·ΪҪ㵽־Ŵүʡ 
һΪԶأ˽ܿڣ޿̫֡ү˵Լжϣپ׷̫˶࣬ӺӹĶĿ 
ŶĲ֪ǰ֪һĵơŴүд󶨣ĺӦȻ֪ãһǻ۵ľǾõİ취ޡ 
Ǵʳٿ֧һ졣֣ʳΪݣÿΪһǰٳһ顣 
СȻȻأүһ顣 
ǻ۵ľһעľ 
һ죬޶˷޻֮⣬١ãţᷢ衣 
С°ҹ˯úܳϰҹľ䡣ǱڹľУҹƽɼСĲݴڣ͸ҵĿ϶ĶһĿȻ 
˯үԣڲмӵүʱ׵ 
ĸͻȻоѡ 
ү֣ϣе˫ֱӦǼǿůȶġڣȴԵñ䡣 
ԣǱ˫־ѵģץסϵĽȻͦ 
أһеԱһսëɭȻסҲڲү̲סг 
ʮСУϵأ棬ɢͷ罩ʬĹԾĹһ£ҵ΢Ϣȴûʱŵ 
ʮңһһ֪жĿɸɲĽ׾ˣÿǣһͷǹޡӴĹޣ°ڹɫԿŵ߶Ҳŵص 
ɼ⣬Щ˹һһ֪ж٣ɿʮ֮ࡣ 
âҰڡ 
һƮᵽһùζ 
⣬ǰһͣʵǰһɲǣ֪үҲŵˡ 
֪˶ãȻүС 
үס˵˶ϢԻָĿȫҪòܸԪ 
үաղšڡ 
ǸղţѾȥˡүϵ˵Ūܿʹȿ·ʹֽֽڻ̷ٶʾʧȥһɲס˺ڻ赹ǰǿȡҩ£Ϊҩ޷ʱпá 
ǡ 
ǵģ˵ 
ڡ 
Ѿ޷ˡ 
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үһˣ¡ 
ĵܹ飬޴󰭡죬ǸϿжԻָԸϵǰȥӦĵܡ 
ʱ֣ʮһСɽ¡ 
ȾԶʮ߰ʹԿʹˡ 
ʬʧ٣ҲʧˣҲɢ٣ʮŮɢɽµĲݴЪϢ 
϶ΧŮ˽ԵеƣͣߵôæûʳŶеܲ 
Ȼġһ׵˵ô;ûκζӵǲ·ԶСҵط˯ˣҪӿ׷أ 
Ƿġ˲һĴʮ˵㶨һ·Ҳһᱻŵ˻ꡣʹӴҲᱻ޹ðһǻȥѰѺҪѸ£񱾽̵ˣ۶ǣô 
ǲϵҲû׷һλŮ˵ǲС֪ҹˣ 
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Ϊ뿪Ϊϡӱʮ겻ȥ֮רʹУټؾӢ 
Сˡջ˵ 
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ĲݴУ׺ͻȻ𣬴ӰΧЪϢĲݴԷȻ׺羪죬ԶʮٿȻû 
ҽ˳ƮһѪζ 
ͬһɲ䣬ҲƵ磬ڣͬһɲǷҵȻҲͬһմߣƺ֪ܶ 
ٵĺӰͻ˵ǰ澯ȴϳߣ漴˴һŮ 
仯죬ɫԺڣһŮӦˣһĶ 
ϴ󵨣߳һӣѰν֡ 
էغڣţһɺһзѩӰӭȥ 
һ쳤ХԲ෽һ׺ 
һҫĿǷɽȻӿ治ˡ 
Ӱ⣬ͷڲݴʧȥ֪ 
Ůʧ٣ԭǱ˵еģÿҲСֱ͸ڸ 
Ӵˣֱߵʧˡ 
ˣֳѪȴǡ 
Ŵү̫ү򸾣˻ɫǴһ̫̰ģˣִ಻Զ㲻˺ӵˣȴƣ¡ҪǸܲӦүΣɵһӴ١ 
ĵҲһϮ£Ѷ١ 
ͻϮÿǰȫʤĽʮʬ塣 
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үʽڲݴйϢɫȻ԰ס໤Ϸ˷Ϯ 
ʮһĸڶڼԻָʹѵ˾ү߸ίʵ֧š 
ճɽүɫָ 
ۡһڳվչֽš 
ĸ磬ˣظеʡ 
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ΪҿԶԸΪתʦûô˲֪ĶӴʣ书Ҳѷɫɴ˿֪ұΪ֣ǳƽ֮ۡҿг֮ǰڼǱսسͻ 
ĵܣͻϮɹҲΪǽ֮ҡү߽µ˵ҪҲġ 
үŽȡƼľһһ˵ˡ 
ҺﲻðʧүӽͣȻ¡ʱҾ֪գֻҪ˷ѶأҵطɣʿΪȴ̫үϻָԪٶذڴƺ󡣡 
ӵˡ 
磬˵ǿԶˣλ档 
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һܲţүҡͷЦǧɱȻȥ磬ʵЩĲ˼顣 
˿ʼʬռһ¡ѰҿʬĿӹѨ 
ү齣еԣ뽫ߣػĿ⣬ĿĲݴϷ 
һɷԲĲϣɿѱɺںɫİߵ㡣߽쿴Ƭ̣Ȼ̧ͷǰ 
һֱ׷ߣδľٶ 
ĸ磬ôĸطһʬ壬ԶԶʡ 
ߣصʬԣͻȻժʬĽʲϣȡʬǬϼ硣 
䣬ǺúƺЩ򹢹˵ҪĴߡ 
ĸ磬㡭ﱼס񣺡֪¡㡭 
񾡡֣ص˵ʱһգϣǶҲŻһͻϮ 
үǡ߽һץס 
ĵܣҪ֪ʵ顣ү˵ 
ˡָָϵİߵ㣺Ѫ࣬ǱĵʱлظĳҪô߱ƣԶߣһҪҵ 
Ƕȥү̤߽˵ 
Ҳȥܿȫ͵Ҳչǡ˵һʩ 
ôط֪ˡ 
ĵһȥڲԶϢŴү˵˭Ҫܣ˭ͶԲĵܣ븿סĵֽܵţ׸𣿡 
㿴ҡҿ㣬סˡ 
ĵܣжٳɰաŴүʣûɰգòҪȥ 
һˣʤ㳬ɡʮּᶨ 
ãȥǵ 
һҪ˵ 
һ䡣Ĵ֣ȶذλļעƬ̣ת̤ˡ 



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       Сɽ֮ľ죬ĴçʮǧΧƵµϣ̧ͷգϵҰݳϡ裬ʪɢùζ 
үһпյľ޴ݵؾԼϯ£׳ʵĲλǬĴڡƬ̣˯ˣĿţƺѾֹһ˵ɡ 
أ͸϶ĹƬ̣ͻȻһӤĴ̶ 
ָ߿һ֪νӤزУ˻еëȻ䣬٣⼡غܲܡӤ˼죬˹ʿҲеĺеǰ޷ʩ 
ĻĿȫſˣ̽ĹŶյĵơ 
ǬУͳһľɵİ˴糤ľżһСˡ 
ֽ˺ľżһһסʳķָסֽľżĲӣǰָ췢 
ƺܿͻȻ˻ø̶£Ǳסʺ 
ģƺ˸Ż⡣֣Ҳð̡ 
Ӱ˸Ŀĵƿ䵽 
һһ 
ٿȻһ٣ٷеХȻڶâٿС 
ǰµһ룬ڲ˼£Ȼˡ 
ϢŨ 
ֹֽ֮ľżϸ΢ֽľҲƺǻֽľż 
Х 
ͷɢսŤֲѪ۵Ůǰ˳ҡ 
һ·һŮ˻Ƶ󣺡ӽҡһƽƽˡ 
𣿡ʡ 
󡭡ү̨ȡ 
ã¸һλᡣ˫һɣֽľżȻƮһֽľżʧ١ 
ħŮٰݶתûӰУƬ̱֡ 
ν𣬶Ǭ 
书򶷵ѡ񡣡ϵ˵Ҳһۣ֮ӦܵأȻҲԼݵλµĹ˶ϣµ㡣 
Ұžˡ 
ƺµݵλΪֵ´򽻵һţƬֽСֽϻ˲֪Ƶɫ¼Ϊ巽ƣ޵ǿ赲޽ɣ㽫뷨˴󡣡 
һֽƮƮ࣬쪣ΪһɫĺӰԴµһ֦һ֦ΪмһѪ꣬һķԲĵϣð̣Ʈɢ̱ǵȳζ 
ڴǽͷԪʿôܡ 
ǲܣʦѷԪ֮죬ʮѲˡ³Ϊ 
ô𣿡 
ЩצΪ 
 
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̶Цƺеϣʰ˲ٹ¶ŮУиΪŮһȵΪͽ¸ֽҸ㣬¼乻ΪкüҾ֮һ 
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ԡ 
λð֪ݵĶˣ 
һҲλӣڽΪСʦʥλҪִ³ϡҲһ벻Сʦ®ɽĿ 
ԭˡʧˡ 
ΪʣΪݱɱļ֪壿ٳƾ㣬Сʦǰצ 
һ죬»Ӽģһܿᵽǲʣ˶ϰɣ 
һ˽Уұ̵֤˴ӴԶ붴ͥԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ¡ 
ΪزݣΪڴĴɱ²ˡС˵Ȼݹ¡ 
һƿնš 
һЦһСֽΪɫĹ磬ڲ෽һ񨡣 
ӵùµķۣ˵ 
ߵĵ⣬ȴ¶ĸ񨹥 
񨣬һġëȻĽкţһ鶯ѪˮӿȻһӿ̻䣬֨֨졣 
ֱһѻҽתˡ 
ڴɥ£ҵĴȴŴүλˣֵǮĲʻ̲嫵ĶͥӴˣвŷĽѰҷħˣͽʧ飬Ҿʧȥټˡ 
ʮ󣬴˺ͷү׿ƣүù˫ڴ˵´ź򸽰ĺŴүү¡ޣ𾲹Сǰ 
еˣԾװݣĿ׼ 
ҹʱ֣̫үʻͷκУԶ⣬˵ײ뽭ס 
гѶ׵ģ󣬷ΪĲǳ̡үС⳵Ƽҵƽǰվүһ˫£˽ǣػĽ⣬ðո·ٺүȺ빢䣬ﻻװ˳˸̣ǣƥԻĽǳ̡࣬ǽ²㡢˹ȱҵŴүϺүӱĿӾ롣 
һ˻򱱣̤ʤĹ̡ 
үڹҰ٣˼ϣҴĵطʮĶذǵѷħŮ 
СﲻʼįȻĺӦУá 
ŴүȻһλֵܶ˰£ʮְοûҰµĴ㡣 
ϲֻ̣ʣŴүһˡүԵ¾ϲ̣үһߣ˹ݵƳʽϲׯĿ֡ 
Ŵүļ۱ǣ۱ݡ 
ٵϲƾƽأչƽֵλֻŴүסԶݵ۱ǣʵϲǽڡż۱һׯԶڳݸˮڣֵ֮ͨѶΪͨݡ 
ÿһǷͼǶҪ磬Ϣһʱ䣬ȻַشϢԱ 
ʮӢҵһֱʧܹ 
һ磬һƥС۳ϲ̵ıšߵÿ;Сɫɫ˴֮ľҲԶ 
ź㣬Ӧڣ²ĳŹŭгүֺñסӢӣװɫûУСʻС 
ϲ̵ƽٵƽֱüз㣬;гԿɿٳʻȣʱ˫ȸ·˿ɾʹгԲ 
źһһСʻϲ̵ıšڸ·ǳ̵ĳȺԽǰȥˣһҲں 
ٵչһƺҪ¡·ŵԴ׳ӣܼŨա޾ĸأȿɽҲˮ޷羰ɿʹ̫ȶûз磬·ߣȷȤ֮߾ᷢ衣 
ʮ꼯ƽصؾˡ 
ȫ̲ʮڸ··ò죬۾Ҳ֪˺δ 
Խ꼯ǰ棬Ƹƽ̫ƺɹоɹͷԷ衣·Եе֦ŨҶïҲñûеɹ֮࣬ȴƣͣƺе㲻ס㡣 
ҲĽ䱦ЩҲڸ·ԭ֮һĸشˡ 
һΰôãÿ;б¹ʷ徶ڸһܣƽ󼪣һ׷֪ϱô׷ 
ǰ󲻼ˣį 
СʻȻ˱ˡ 
ǰʮಽ⣬·һ£ȣ˰ٴЬܲ˵ȣǰ壬մĵط˲򵹱УѴ 
ﱾߵע⣬ˡ 
ڣһס 
һֱֵĴ󺺣԰ƺʱЪϢ˯ˣԻһȡ 
ȣмһ֪ѼǹɵǹҲɵʹãǹ汾С 
󺺿ܱˣһţ׳Խ 
Ȼ󺺹׳ʵɫ̫ãƺôطҲв 
֣Ҫ𣿡ʣҪˮҪоɢ 
Ŷ𣿡Ųƺ̫Ѻá 
ŭүȴղѺòǷ 
ѽҪչˣ𣿡ЦЦ˵ 
ԣеͦ 
˶ԷòƺЩô 
֡ɫԽЦ⣬һź 
ܺáץѼǹ˰վ𣬶ЦҪæͰﵽףԲԣ 
ԣҲһԣ֡ǺǣæһҪΪ˵ҪҰæժϵĴ̫٣ҾûŪһѿժ̫ӣܰôæأ 
£صҪæժ̫ 
ǡҪ 
ʢ˽͸ңҵĴæһмҲ 
⡭֡ȻЦݿ䣺ֵæһҲﲻϡ 
ôɫһƺĶȻܾ̫ϵ̫д 
Ʋģ֡һҲŭңʵ׬ҲǮ͵øеۡѣеҪҴһüҲӦõģȫҪ 
²ҪգҪȫҪ 
Ǻǣƺҵ޷ͨ˫Ҫ̫ľ룬޷ЭⰰñժУҡɫȻ飺֣˲̫̰ģ̰ĳԶ˻ġιҪ٣ 
ȫҪ󺺱ƽǰ˵ 
Ǹֻܸ㡭 
ûУȫҪ 
С˵ʮּ 
ģ㡭 
ֻܸһǮɫ˵ 
ױϷŪˣһɻðǧɣһѼǹͻȻһǶЮѩص㵽 
һӣСС޾ȻסѼǹֵñһ󺺵ԴһУٶȿ޷ 
һͷת򣬻Ӧְһţߵļˣȴ᲻öǹȫͶᡣ 
Ѽǹѱץˣ˫ȴ᲻ֺ 
ɣ⹷ָˡ⽭ĺˣȻɽ·СǱ׵Ӣ׷ˣԹ˲Ҫ֪ܵкͼıԹԴʵ 
ǹԷץסûôϣˡ֪ӲͷðգǹȫǰͣҪȭŽĺû 
ǲϧ˫书̫Զ˫ǹǹ𶯷ֺĴٻһǹ֡ 
ź㲻ǹǹˣȰȰ죬бǡ 
ɿűͷˣҲˡ 
˵ͷ˽ţź㹴ڵء 
쵰׺񼫣ûȤֻҪйźԷ˵ҪСҪͷףİŲ㣬š 
֪书̫Զǿã޳ϻ治ܡ 
һϻ첻طȻʶҲ˺ʱˣѾɥ֮Ȯôеģ 
Ǻǣɥ֮Ȯǻˣ 
ڿˡ㵽Ǻ·дôȻҲô· 
ҪǲǺ·쵰ӲʶȴʶңԵòԩڣеĲﶼͳ 
㡭 
ңҵȻȨͣһᰴظ·ѣ죡 
Ĵͷǲǻͷ·ѣмǮپʳɽ·СëҲǴĺˣҽʢ 
ࡣ˵ûֿأźЦã쵰ûǮˡڣ㻹ûΪܵԭ˵ء 
ĵ͸ҧ˵³֪һѷ£;ϵķӣԵͷڵǿᣬļֱǷˡ 
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ڵ׷ǿȤġźЦǿ׵úӢ׷ȴڵ׷ɱֱǴЦ 
ҲҪ㡭 
ţɲ㣬ҵ¡źȡʮصĻƽڲһ³Ͻ죬ֶﷴȾָ£Ϊ·࣬ǵ׷١ӿӣã 
ƽʰԼѼǹͰ 
֣Ƿһ顣˵ɽˮԶڡ 
ߡź֣Լ 
ʮ¥կһֻʮ˼ҵĴ䣬ܽɸߵկǽٵկϣկ⣬ݺЪͤһҹӦˮСʳ꣬һҳЪϢվÿƥ⣬׼ÿկҴ 
ʱ֣ңÿʱ⣬вÿŷϢСʳ֮ 
ЪϢվҲ൱æµͣ⳵һƥæڼ鳵ÿԼжԼ 
Ե£ͣһɫ˫ͷһֳ׳ƽγᳵΪΣװλͨӵе˱ضĴ˼ҡٻ˼ҵĽγỹԵ̸ּͼϡţ΢ȵȡ֮ӵֳ˱ضͷ 
˼ݳԦƥһƥǣڳı֮⣬ƥȫ⣬һ֪ԱʿҲǡһ˨ 
źǶʮ߰ˣ¶ĳţǶʮС󼰵ģ˫˩ľٶϱȽϣϾԵëںҲֳеĳ嶯ͻ 
źȵؽ֣ȵжƵעŴҴ۵ʿ΢Ц 
ҲᣮǳЦλëꡣǣλ˵뷨ȴֲͬ 
Цôðˣ˰ϼ磬˳ֳеʳץУôЦ 
ûЦѽиеЦòطԼЦ̬ˣ̫ɹð̣úܣЦóѽ 
öһ㡣ŭڡ˵̬ȴзζСˡ 
ǸˣȻᴦСġñڰϣ˰ĿѰҪİЦҪǲɵˣҪ 
Ĺ죡˲õس߳ 
ࡣλѻҡͷЦαأ²˵ˡιƣòã 
ŵĲڣмλЪŵÿͣԶЪͤУҲмλÿ͡˵ɤŴÿǵע⣬еĿ⣬һ漯С 
źһԲˣͲᷢףֲĵ̬ȣԱ֤һ⣬ЩΪ˲𽾰ԸˣͲϲڸ̬ȡ 
Ȼ⣬ͻȻƽһѾסڣץƵץס 
ĹȻɲ׺ݵ˵˵һԿ 
л𣬵סˡ 
֪Ӻδһꡣ 
Ĵ˹˹ģһϮԵʵʵΰ°ȭͷš˴һϮɫװʳϣȫ·硣 
Ӧüüա 
ԹԱ죬ɫƽȲŭҲ֣ɶԷץסʾ 
ſڣ֪ʱһλʮ꣬δʵŮʿĴۺƣСĸֻνȻʮֺʡ 
㻹ʶࣿˡĲ̬ȣǰһƷ֣תĿѰղŷˣŭתĿ꣬תˡ 
ЪͤʮÿͣҲмλϯضµˣиʽĹֱ飬ײ²Ǻ 
ңƳ˵ĽһۣҡҡͷһԲЪվȥҵƥ 
ԸȤСʳٲ 
Ȼ⣬ͻȻƽһѾסڣץƵץס 
ĹȻɲ׺ݵ˵˵һԿ 
л𣬵סˡ 
֪Ӻδһꡣ 
Ĵ˹˹ģһϮԵʵʵΰ°ȭͷš˴һϮɫװʳϣȫ·硣 
Ӧüüա 
ԹԱ죬ɫƽȲŭҲ֣ɶԷץסʾ 
ſڣ֪ʱһλʮ꣬δʵŮʿĴۺƣСĸֻνȻʮֺʡ 
㻹ʶࣿˡĲ̬ȣǰһƷ֣תĿѰղŷˣŭתĿ꣬תˡ 
ЪͤʮÿͣҲмλϯضµˣиʽĹֱ飬ײ²Ǻ 
ңƳ˵ĽһۣҡҡͷһԲЪվȥҵƥ 
ԸȤСʳٲ 
Ȼ⣬ͻȻƽһѾסڣץƵץס 
ĹȻɲ׺ݵ˵˵һԿ 
л𣬵סˡ 
֪Ӻδһꡣ 
Ĵ˹˹ģһϮԵʵʵΰ°ȭͷš˴һϮɫװʳϣȫ·硣 
Ӧüüա 
ԹԱ죬ɫƽȲŭҲ֣ɶԷץסʾ 
ſڣ֪ʱһλʮ꣬δʵŮʿĴۺƣСĸֻνȻʮֺʡ 
㻹ʶࣿˡĲ̬ȣǰһƷ֣תĿѰղŷˣŭתĿ꣬תˡ 
ЪͤʮÿͣҲмλϯضµˣиʽĹֱ飬ײ²Ǻ 
ңƳ˵ĽһۣҡҡͷһԲЪվȥҵƥ 
ԸȤСʳٲ 
ŵС˵á 
Ȳ裬뵽СʳǰĲǶһֻͰȫ첻ϵعӦˮѹÿͽʡ 
ȣŮÿ֮⣬˭ҲԸȺĵ帱ͷλÿ͸Խ˾ʳռʳһǴպϴպϡ 
ź㰲ٺŰСʳ꣬ڲͰԺһ衣 
ڽͰһͷ±һãʱ̩ȻȲźۣƵζ 
ʱλʿ˨СĵƺɫãõмҸ֡ 
֣˺Цλʿкˣ 
ұ˶ˣλ˰ֺò͵ĿЦʣ죬ͼݶǧﱼֵʮֱǸ 
֣ЩС£ҳݣζӿ˵ÿɾͲǫˡ¶Բİ̬ΪˣЭλǷ֮¡ 
ֵܸм 
ұ׷ʡ 
֣ƺѾ׷ͷˣ׷ߵĴɡֽӿڣϲ̵ˣȷǳ˳·ˣ;Ȼû˷ǵټֵܻǷ׷٣;ˡ 
߰;ҵط˵ϲ̵͸¶֮еȷһвݣһйͳ˵ܲ˵ϵ 
̸䣬ʳһ̸һʳˡ 
źԶһȾƣһʳ 
ϸ£죬ӹٵ̤կŵĴƬ̱㵽Сʳǰһеˣ󿴵ź㡣 
ι㻹ûߣĸ⣬źȥͿ㵽ƽţ·ɹ̫ȣֽСúأоʳȴ棬˵ǮСúܣƽϡ 
쵰Ӧ˵ӽڼźЦƽ״ϵģ׬ÿһǮѪģʡʡӦû͵ûҪڵϡѾ;ĩ·Ըɹѹء˾ȼǲܾȵģ쵰òҪ¿Ҫܼá 
ζһ˫ӥĿһעӡ 
֣ǵλ𣿡˵ 
˵ֵͷĺˣ 
֣һأұʡ 
ʶҡҡͷŲòãƺǷࡣ 
ߣ뽭һ𣬻ܲǷࡣұӷű𣺡׽ס͹پ졣 
ӣʹáɫһ䣺绢Ȼǽû䰸 
Ƿˣûɣ 
⡭̫ƽ뽭ԶǧûĵװûмģûС޷ָ֤״ӲָǷˣԡ 
ǲǲұӳʡ 
⡭ǵġ 
Ǿͺð졣׺࣬˵ö֮λ׽ס֮ȡÿڹͿ͹پΡ 
⡭ӣֵܿûȨ𡭡 
ȴУ˵ְұ֤󹦡 
ǡִΪѡ 
ִˣԲԣ 
 
ǰ㲻ִ 
⡭ 
㺦ǸصѼǹ 
ȷǷǳ¸ҡ书ʵ 
һңȥȥ 
⡭ðɡ޿κε˵ 
Ƶʶ𣬵źԡ 
ź㲻ǣŭ 
ĸ⣬۱ԲõַλɫѺãĲ֮͡ 
ǲɣұɭɭʣĿȴɫ̩Ȼź㡣 
úܡҲ˵¸ѽкμ̣ 
ұ󡣸λͬ˭ζָָź㡣 
Ŷԭ̫ƽɽׯҵĹζӣĳ˵˵ְׯʮţׯңׯ֮һ 
ĿµׯǾɺ繫ұ׵˴֮һŷ꽻Ī棬ߵöࡣֹοų鹫ӣµĴºŽзӣͬʱ߹ӣȭڡϢªŰɣ 
ܺã֪൱ʵˡλͬ顭 
ֻ֪ţҲµͬ顣 
ѣӵס 
ףǸôһ˭ôڿڰſڴƻơ 
ûκһͽ˵ѣӱܷٵ׷ߣʶλ̨𣿡ָָˡ 
¸ʶλ𣿡 
Ӧãʶ֪ôˡ 
顭 
̫ƽĿѲ죬һߺص겶ͷ롣 
Ǹ»û̫ƽʶλôѲˣôͷɣƵʶǹĬ񹦡 
ִߣ׵Ӣۡ 
ѽʡ 
㱻ˡ˵ 
˵˵ 
һָֿ̧һָƿ򲡻βѨ 
ָѨɼ˳⣬ڼĻ򣬾óΪ硣 
ҲߣԪĻ߳ɣѼǹһ̧һ죬סָǹ𣬲ҲŲΣʰˡ 
ʳ׷߱ܣһ 
һաϳ壬ֵʳһ̧ס˽Уưν 
֡źͻȻվýŽʲл˵ 
㻹ô˵ҲǷͽߣЦ˵ҲҪϷ 
Ҳִߣźʡ 
ӵܣִִ 
ԭˣʧʧź䣬תһʣѲ죿 
һ 
϶Ƿͽ 
Ƿͽ 
Ҫ׽ 
ԡ 
źһ졣 
ô 
̫ƽһǧֻ಻١λϣӦвֵĺ飬Բԣ¹Ŀ 
⡭һɫһ䡣 
ûУźһ䡣 
⡭ 
ôִ֪淨 
סڣӳ߳ 
Ƕź㲻ã֪ô壿Ϊô⣿ƾô 
ӲȻŭһ 
ź޿̣һʰס˶ԷƣŤƳһ˷һƶ⡣ 
Ӻ޳ģҲûϵղ˵ҶֵֿźķҲȷ̫ˣʹнҲ޷ʱܡ 
Ĵ籩꣬ҫɲǼȭ壬ھءߡǼǽʵÿһǽ͸塣 
飡ڵȥˣȻץסʳ 
پ׵ĴΪڼݣ˵ˣֵ˲Щ 
һʧɫȻǰȡҪǰضܵ鹥Ѽǹȿ˵Ķ 
ֻеͷת򣬱ûڵأԾⲻְֶܵν 
һ𡣽ˡ 
ЦбҸ鹵Ļ쵰Ҳ˰˼£Ҳ 
ʧȥѪɫ 
ˡźѶĽӽǰһҲ壬Ҳδֵ̫ǮˡߣֻһһĲֵƤǡ 
㡭㡭ﲻ 
ϵɺڴˣҲĳݽס뿪Զһ㣬´ٽĸֹϣҪҪԼȥߣ 
ϵѪɫˣѪɫǺףһѹֲסʹҡҡǿ֧ţ˫ȴڵֵĿ˵С 
ҡ㡭ĲԹؽС 
ź벡»ʳǡ 
һЮסӣ׺ݵصһۣӵðߣϰǣҴˡ 
һÿ߽źԣصͷк 
λϿ߰ɣٿб䡣ÿ֣ص˵вѣǲưոݵģЩ֮޷֮ô¶ó 
лл̨Ҹ棬»СıǳͻġźϿҵĵл 
ҡҡͷЦһȥ 
쵰ҿҪ군ˡź򲡻˵书ǿǿȴһ֣㻹ܻ˶ã 
ȥĻʣƿڴã˭Ҳûǣҡ 
³Ǻڵһǰ׵ʥӢ֣ۡ㻹ףڡסˣȫˡ 
ߣ㻹ûֵأɥ˵Щͬȫһߡ 
ôа֮⣬ˣĵ˽˳㻹л· 
ȥĵµ˶˳Ҳں˻һ𼪱ףϾ˶£һЩԶ߸߷ɣ󼪴ߡ 
˵߾ߣͷʹƵĳ⣬ȾܣǼ˹ 
źǰһʳһ̸ûⲡϵɫ仯ͻȻߣ⡣ 
ף׺ǿôͻȻɷҲľսˣŲԶ˵ıȻĪôװɣ 
ĿĹˣ˿ɵĲѰκסҲڵСŮʿû⡣ 
һѾƵˡ˵£ԹԽʳ 
 
ۣǰһ;ų̿һѾ¹ʣͱϿ롣 
Աȶٶȡ 
ǰһ·ڣһСԱٵϡ·ڵһ껱£վһλȹ彣ŮɣԶڰʮ⣬Ůɱ뿪£Ƶ˹ٵ·ͼΪԡ 
źԶ㿴Ӱе㲻ЩðΪƵĲФ˴ģȻͻϾô¡ 
㲮ǣΪ溷ǿ򱧲ƽЩ˽Թеֱ׳ִˣƶΪ 
ֻһλŮ·Ҳ⡣ζ߲ƣ߲λŮ粻ȷ˸Ҷأ 
鷢ˣͲҪӱܣʵ˼Բߡ 
ӽʮڣϵɫԵء 
һλ绪վ·Ĺâ䡣ϧǣһغ˪˫ǻ۵ķĿҲ˸â 
ĿѣҲ˺ 
ʮⰰǣǰӽ 
Ҫ¹˵ 
ĸ󣬰ԷӦǡ 
ܵúܿ죬һ֪ںδ 
෴¸֪ںδ 
ǲ˵ˡ 
 
¹һӣԭƴźš 
һѽ˵·ҵĸͻȻ׳һ֧ʵĳСתԽɿռ䣬Ȼ¼䡣 
һѳס·ԡ 
㻹ü⽻֡¹˵Ѳ˵ 
֪䣬Ҳ㡣ʮּⲻ˵£¾ӱܡ 
ڱصá 
㲻Ļвͣ¶ЩαӼ̸ʼ壬ô񶾵ֶΣʩչˣĲ£ǿͷͽӣʵĿңֻ޶˽ĵ鹹ǲǱĩˣǲòҧʵ·ͽݣ˽ڣͿö֮Ըĳˣ 
ﲻǷӵĺȺ 
ף㡭 
ϻ˵ںδ㣿 
޿ɷ档 
ϰɣ 
д˴㡣롣 
ŮЦһؽ䣬Ҳƥգ彣ʵ򣬹⻪һſֱ룬ƿǰ 
һ߳зƷԻ۵ľܿٹལ硣 
黨ڱը˫޿ɱǿнӴ˫Ľ̫ˡ 
Ӱ˼䣬Ůһ칥˶ʮ߽֮࣬䲻ݷаµı仯һǿѹһѲ·â͸϶ĪܼΪΣѡ 
һΪӰз֣Ƿɽ˸һ󷽼⡣ 
ףŮȻϱɫӰɼ 
ףҲͬʱɫı仯ͬƲŵı¶еŮ˵±仯 
ٽҶʮ߽ܻСŮɽ߳ƺʤͷ 
佣಻ĿҰʮչˣƺһһϢǰʮ֧ͬʱǿѹǰĹʮʮ 
ӲӣԿλ϶ʮηλץסؾʮˡ 
˫ƾʤÿһ֣м޴ϢĻᣬĵΪɹۡ 
ڶηֿ˫Դ󺹳塣 
ղǧ֮ѷһκµƽ²˾ֻڹһʤˣﲻ԰ɣ 
ҲͬСŮ˵󣬹⻪ͻХ 
ۿ˫񹦼Ӵһ·һ쳤Х 
Ůһһ 
ǸϻȥӦŮ·ҵĸڸ߽У²Ҫǹܣ죡 
ӦܳλŮ򶫷Ӷߡ 
·⳾ 
źһȻԷצϵץסˣԾǰۡ 
ŮɱסˣʰͬĽ򶫾ٲһͺԻָƣ͡ 
µУϵСŮϧȻǷͽ 
ʮƥɳ۵糸ƵĽӽᳵĺ档 
ڳǰξŮϣ귽ʮ꣬ĸˣܵڵ 
ϳĴƱޣȴǿ󺺣һᵶеĳ봫ͳθϱ޲ͬǿеɶޡ 
ٵʻúʮƥԽ 
ʮƥ·ɳ۶ȵʿȻҼպףɫķӣһλΰ彣ˡ 
--------------------------- 



ʮһ

       ʮಽϵĴƱ޲ŤͷعˣǡúͷӴ档 ӷһߺȣһɣٶȽ 
׺ݵĿ⣬ڴƱϡ 
ֶô彣˻Ȼʡ 
ڵǰˣ쵰򡣡ҧ˵ŵ벡ͽһȺ˵ĵצ 
ͷûɣŤͷһʿʡ 
ȷϾǹˣЩָ֤ 
壬նָ֤ 
һʾ֪ˡ˹˵һӣһźš 
ʮƥԽһſӭס˹ٵ 
ڳǰ·λŮʿȻסʿ쳤Х 
ᳵͣסˣƱɲľڳվһ 
ţʮ꣬ǲ֪ߵغΣ䣬λŮʿ˫ﲢŭ档 
ϵ˪ŴƱ޸߽Уҵңǻչ˳ 
ƱһԾ³̤ǰ׳ʵɽģ뺺̬Ƶˣ跨һЩ 
ʮʿҲ׷ｻϣʮԹǰΪףҪˡ 
ƱһվɽĿ䡣 
ǽ·İɣƱӣЩִˣҪִ֪أֻ淨˵ 
׷ͽô˵¡ǰҲǲˣ³̡ 
˲ڳϣô˵»ֵ 
˹մ 
շ⡣ޣ޽ܣƱ޽ܣѶԱ²İ 
շ⣿̫ȷңǰһ 
¹մѽ 
¹Х졣 
ԭǴ͹ʹХ졣ֵ߽֮һʧʧ 
Ʊ޽ܿ˵ʧûжپĳɷݣ顣ȻΪλǽ·ģǸ֮ȵаħ۲۵аħ󽣿Ŀ̽ħնаɣѾòŷҼˣ𣿡 
ɫѿˣ׾ŭͻ 
һһаȷˡӷŭ˵ȵ߽רͽڵ򽻵֪ŵĹضǵˡ 
һضƱ޿Цаħ˵һҲûеµĻ֡ΪЩӢʿաСٰλŵˣȷΪȻΪǷ˴治һȺȺ֮ʦ¼ϡдɹˡɣȵ˾ô񶾵İϷ޽档 
ͲǺˣոǷǵĻɫֳԺգĿӣ߽֮һܵȵй˼ɣһɾأ²̨ 
¿˰ɣð˵ʹͷԪڴˣҲԹĳ˵ֿѵ㣬񲻿뽫²ڽŵ£ 
㹭̧ˣֻһϳģҿ뽫²ڽŵ£аĺӣֲ³ͷųϼأֻ˶ڣʾֻӲͷƤúޣŴ³н̡ 
Ⱥˣ׵ʿĴȵˣаһһаͻݣִһͬˮ𣬱˴ûɺýҲ뽲һԲҲԴͷѪο˫ܵ裬Ψһ֮۶˭ǿ˭ 
һλԲԲ̴췢һЦ 
ȵȷ£͵ȷվ֣ͬĪɫ䡣 
Ц˵һƱ޵ҲЩ˿ɷҲδ̫ˣժǬȴаȵľѧжѣĳ̡ 
ܴĵǳֵ֣ȵݵĴºųϣ˭Ҫղעݵĵض˴󵱡ĳϳ޿Կ˵ȴݵˡģòӲͷƤϣָ̡Ʊ޽ܲٳԷ̣ŻеĳȦУκʱԿͻȻ 
ԣɱɭɭλΣһЦժڷҵĹб弲ŵ磬ηųʣһֱѿ˶Է 
Ʊòλ䲻ݷݳĿƣλ˲䣬ַ켲һʵժǼϮ֣ߺ 
ͬһ˲䣬ֵĳʱص 
һУժбɶ𣬰ѣԵ֧סһ㵱óʣˤ޷վֱ 
Ǳ޾סˤɵģصסŽƷɣϵʮ־ˡ 
Хزſն 
һ׳ӰʱһʱסժǷɷַɳһǡ볤޲һţڰղεΪۣ˴䲻ݷ˳״ 
֣ͬ죬ÿһһɱȻУˤɵժǷˤƣҲΪ׳ۡ 
޻ƣѲѣӰһһһ˴ƱޣֹƱ׷ժǵˡ 
Զ䱸Ůʿϵ˪Ҳ˲䵽˫ţǡýסһһ 
н겨Σ˲ĽӴлؾǻȻӰķ֣ 
ƾУٿȻֹ 
ˣȫаľڴƱһˤ˴ժǡλСС͵Ů侹ȻĿѣٸϵλճƽ֣ȵѧȻ鴫ѹֽɫ䡣 
ͺһٲǰʾ⣬ͬٻء 
мЩ˼ۣڳвݹ·ˡ轣Ʊ޳˵ְ˽УһϰɣϽȾѧǷ˫ 
͵˵Щ߽ͣҡײƭܻµĳɾͣǰ˵ʹڴˣҲ˵񻰣ȷʵ顣аľ뢣еĸ֣߽ǿ٣λ˴൱书Ϊϣ˭Ҳҿ˵ѱȶԷ 
ΪֹȻ϶ڳڡ 
ܴ󷽣Ӣۣǣ²µʢ顣Ʊ˵ĳȻǹµӣȵպ󱻹ٴӦһкĿȵˣ黯ͨ²ʷƱƾбе̸ֵ 
¼ȻԸ֣Ϥ㡣νУɣȻͬ졣 
ͻȻ߳ 
һվѵס˷ӶλŮ 
Ҫǣǹȥϡ 
ŮóĿ϶аȻ 
壬ôһ£һŮվڴƱǰʡ 
ƱŮǰ̬ȹ˳Ҫ˵ˡ 
λŮתƳһۣĿںķϡ 
֪ɵ𣿡Ů˵ҪǸôŻĻ˺Ȼսкôģ֪췢£㽫𽭺籩Ļס 
СŮӣ񡣡ͻðǧɣһ̧Ҫˡ 
ĸ㡣Ů⣺Ӧ֪һһСŮǰһ̽һƴ治ף㵽䲻ǰ 
ŭġͻȻԾƺϱźʹѾȬˡ 
ճԽɫεͣСŮͻȻһ߳ӭһ³ 
ûϵŮȻϮæлƼ. 
һ죬˫ƽʵ 
һһ⣬ĵ˱ضԿûϵŮһעеһ顣µľر͸壬Ĳ 
ͳһּۿ죬һһƵľм䡣 
СŮ˲ҽƻաɫһаħ̳ˣֻɫˡ 
Ӱ·༱Ӷ˱ǡ 
ȳˣӦκսŮϵˣ˳ֽеĽ׸ŮγԼĽԭ͹˵ֻѹˡأһֱδĸΪˡ 
˳׼ 
ƹǿɱŭιӿţһŮȻǿɱ˫ʮֿɰʱһҲɰˣǵ⣬߰Էз䣬뽣ǿҽӦ־ 
һ򣬶ԪһȶĬУƾʶ֪ԵŮǿµľУ˵ˡ 
޷ȵôˣͳʡ 
ҸǹŮɭɭҽз衣ңͿԷ£̧ۡ 
ĳ 
㻹ôñģۿ̽ҵŮ׶ȵĻ˵˴࣬Ҳֹݽֹ 
׼𣿡 
ͱˡ 
һ߳ƮƮعһšƽְͨʽйķȴڵĹܣȻֺ꣬ϾҵķơֻҪԷַܣı仯ʯ쾪 
мемң֪ܲӣ棬³һ佣ҪϮĽƫ 
ܲĻ۾ͻȻԷһаŹ־һ𣬿Ŵ󿪡 
Ľ磬϶ֱ룬ǽ塣 
ͳһбˣλС跢һ˫ڲʮηλңѹһƥʮལ񹥡 
λȡõڶνֵĲλ 
ΪȵｫȫԸɭɭ˵֮䣬ֻһֽ 
յĽƣĻаŹ־׽ϣʹһţڹĿ£ץסĻᣬƵ밤ľ磬֪Լʵûжʤ㣬ܿƶԷĻаŹ־κĽҲɲó 
ƽµľУλҵĿʼҡˡ 
ˣԳԾصһȫе֣޵еͣôȻһλŮɱƵˣôܣ 
õĲѧȻ˵ųͣʱ籩̺꣬Ľܹ棬Ѳ⡣ãĳҪƽѧһȵڶа֮㡣 
һ߳﷢ڶ͹ 
𣬷׾巢ͳƽѧӭƽġյһƴ 
ӰӾ磬ڼƥ 
Թ۵Ŀѣɫ䣬סԱⱻ 
֪˶Уشһ߳ӰٿȻз֣ѩ 
һΣƮȻ䡣 
͵ִ䣬ΪƮ䳾 
˽Ժбһ 
ٽӱŽУ˶ϡ 
һ߳з 
δĽ϶롣 
͸еҽһȻ˰˳ߣ 
ƥգӰ׷ 
λ˿ΣԼͬͦسڻв˵׽ͣ鼱ȣȫһ 
͵ؽӴӰ漲֡ 
Ʊޱ޽֣ᵶ 
ӵϣЩȺŹˡƱ޾ٵŭ𣬷Ծǰ 
֪ΣսչԼһʮˣܿһһ롣 
ߣ³ߵľ 
˻ͷȫ 
ɱƹǽＰʱס˴Ʊޣ˫һҵϰؽЪϢ 
ƱһסŮϵ˪ 
ЩɵĹƱȺǼסˣȵˣŹĻᣬ¼ǵЩ˵ɽˮԶڣǱΪǽ޳ƶۡ 
һȺˣѲ񱼶ߡ 
壬ƽضϲʮһ;ЪվΪЪϢһ̱ɽسǡ 
Ӵſһ׷˷ǰ棬һȺںӦڣӷںʹˣϵǰȥˣ׼ϵƽȭԶԸȵˣҲϣҵֹȵ˱ 
λζ߹֮һƽʱԸĿһУΰźһٺᣬһܵĴΪǲܴ裬ʹ׽ͳѰ𱨸ûϵ˴ӣеԲ˵ 
ǣ˹â徵ķĳԽ书𾪣Ĳ̰Ȼ 
ںԭڣҪĶ 
һ֪λŹӶţһһаУôܷ鰮ϵľ벻еıɴ㡣 
ЪϢڰĴڣλͬ˵ҪһʱɵִƽòżϡңҲԵȵоŮܾںǰ棬ǱضѾ׷ͷ 
Ƿ׷ͷӣЩϵƽΪϲߡһ˵ 
ȵ׷ЦʣЦѿѼδҶ൱ĿЦܺÿ 
µȷе㵢ġ 
ֻҪǲҪٳǿ棬Ͳ鷳 
ӣŵ벡ûгǿ棬ǡе㲻˵Ļ൱ 
ͷǹҲú֦?Ӳõʣɫѿˡ 
λӢۡ˲Զǧ׷оŮ鰸뿵Ӧָм˹Զغ˺ϵﷸ֮⣬ܹﰸ˷ŪþͻﵱصִˣϹ˾Բ˵ֻҪһ٣ҧɱףصĴͻ׳ΧǣйݣȴûвòĹģʮֲġ 
Ҳ¡ 
ӣ㲻£¡һЦҪǱͽţûн׽ò飬̫ƽĹˣ֤ǽĴʱεľǲҺ겶ͷƽѲСۣǿɾˡ㵱Ȼ£һ֮ԴһЩɱһ·ȴ֪һȣ˸ء 
˵úأһһס 
ǼȻ£Լ߰ɣüϹһȺˡ߳ŭĿϣصˡ 
ӣ²ǲ֪жˡЦãֻǣǵµݣһҺͿ˵ס 
ˡӲ͵˵ǱºòãԺһǵְȨ 
ҵСУͻȻɷƵĴ󺺡 
ǰ˨ϡг 
ȥһλͬ˵һ׷ͷˣ;෽ûòÿ;һ׷ͷˡ 
˸ƴһס 
ιλȵʡ 
ף֪һֻȷµģȵˡ 
һап࣬ɫʾ⣬ʾϿ뿪סҡͷֵӡ 
Ҫ׷ٲɣ 
ѽ̨ǡ 
ΪҪ׷ 
Ҫϣ׷ͬı˵³ԡ¾깳̨մ没䣬м 
Ҫ 
׽һؽͣǺӲгͬı˵Ҫס׽Ӵȡڹ 
ñˡ˵ȵˣЩǷҪ˵ģ 
ȥģһƿڴֱ˵Ī뱱غڵȺۣ޵ɨͥѨֻӵ˲ͼڽϲôܡҪǲ֪βԹԱĳ죿㲻˵Щû֪ȤĻû˵ưͣޣ 
һҲ߹ӸӢɾӢˣҶŤҲɳһԲòڼܵһڵ 
һŭ배Ծ𣬰ĬѸƵˣͷ½Լӥ²޹˼ɵ˾һ 
ûϵҶ֣ûϵѸȻ֪ǴķӣѴֲͷ 
һһܵ˫̧Ӳ´ơ 
ˣһؿڰһߣعݣˤѪ硣 
ͬһ˲䣬ӴбɺӣһһԵǡһеԵҾ 
ӰƮ䣬Ѿˡ 
үһС³ 
ɵأˣƵĳʡ 
µԸüհγУȵм塣 
һܷһҡ븹͸ϡ 
Ⱥ߱ܣ̷׷׹š 
ӣ㡭ǸɡôһɢؾС 
ЩڵСɱ֮ġսȻ˵صһԾοΪɱֱ֮׳ 
һͻùĿ⣬غݶλµˡ 
ôȻʡ 
Ρһһһ¡ 
ô㡭 
Ҫ겶ͷ̫ƽ 
˵ôŮ 
Ů£ѾҪˡŮֻɷλصȴɱˡĸ飬ʮָлˣֻð;ϣʹ˷̫ƽ 
ְֱ㡭 
ӣ²㵽ƽͶְټһɭɭ˵ꡣһӣͬתͷѭԭ·ɳ۶ߡ 
ֱǻʣƿڴ 
һСסЦĲ 
ֺˡֽУʹĴ˹٣ǵݣҪΡ㹫μҶɽׯҪֳ㹫ұҵˣҲ䰸ˣ 
ǰ壬Сڡ 
ŤͷܣЦ಻ 
С֣һ跨ҪĹֽйЦȥԶ 
ͬһڼ䣬ʮ·һͤڡһһŮλÿͣͤæµ 
Ůÿɫ㲣ͤϻ 
ÿԼʮͷ糾ˣˮеˮŮÿ͵ĿС 
ŮһҪ֧סÿ˵ȵƽҵطβʱǧܵ 
㻹Լ߰ɣŮÿ˵һܱһ˫ãûŮۣһ׾ٰǵ׷١ŮŮĿŮ 
˵ĻÿýŮĨͷ麹Ů󣬺δһ԰ǵġ 
裬ƥ𽥽ӽ 
ÿ̧ͷעƬ̣תͤסڵϵŮ 
㣡ǹÿȻ 
졭ߡ 
ˡÿϳµĳ⿪ᣬװγĲλԸϲǣȻֻˡ 
Ů 
ûãŮ޷֧֡ɺãҵ񡣡 
һƥԽڶƥ 
ʿͻȻһХٿֹ 
ÿͲ֣סŮú 
ʿΧͤ 
㸸ŮԸ湭ĳ̫ƽ鰸𣿡ͤڡվŵͳ˵ 
㸸ŮԶӳǧ⣬޹⣬Ҳ൱ 
Ӳ͵ʵÿͻתѰС 
ҹأҲҪٵÿҧ˵Щ󱲷̫ƽϰɣԿһա 
Ҫͼ̫֮ƽ㸸ŮΨһ·󡣡 
˵ö˼ˣ·ߣˮĸɱģڶһƽɱǵġЩ˵޳֮ͽˮ鲻˶ϣȴٸ֮µļңһ̫ƽҸŮ· 
Ҫȥģǰɣ 
ǿɲһŶչģмͬ飬ҸŮĹײı 
ĳ½ϵĹҲ¯࣬һȾţ޻ᣬ硭 
ǻһ룬п㡣 
ѽ 
ġף£ħΪҹ˵ҽĴ󡣡 
Ǻ˲ԳħˣЩѣ˵㸸ŮĹײı 
ߣ㡭 
Ҫߣ¡Цڣ㹻ʱ䣬ܵơ 
ǡ 
ÿ˵֣пڼİԵȺľľӦ֪ڣҸʮ͸ 
Ρ 
һͿʼ 
ͻΧŮС 
壡 
١Ůһ𣬹¡ 
âۣŸͬһ˲䷢䰵ҵİͨǿڼУڹԦԷڹǾһȻӶˡ 
һŭХ⻪Ľǰѡ 
ڶ٣ 
µİŮ޷ͻΧҲͻΧ 
ءֲ֧סˣһ 
öĻ͸׶йɡϻ궤м硢 
һԾϣһżɨ 
飡ˡ 
һһһڹϣһ̤סˡ 
һ˸ϣͳţϰ 
ͱԲѣѪŮ쿴Ƭ̡ 
಻ϣˡͬȸҩ 
ԶԶźһһС۶ 
ˣϿʰһ˼˵ 
ףôһλ˳Ū˵ϵɵĲǼ˵ģ 
˵ޣ֡˿ЦѲ겶ͷڣ֪𣿾ʮ񲻷ŵɱ׷ɣÿ˶Ȩǵģɱ˵ֳ̫ƽǧ⣬ֹڿϣǹˡ 
 
Ȩʸ档 
ߣң 
Ҳ̧֡˴ùģоŸˣ˭ָѽÿ˴һöͱһǰװˣǲǣ 
û׵ѽӽͤ 
˰ͤڣĿƶС۶ 
źѷͤеˣŮĲ״һһñ򱳺Ŀ⣬һͶÿһˡ 
ϳˣХ졢ܵϴǹԡ 
ЩðαƵνӢۣضйءа⡣ 
ԷӷαƵνӢ۸гɼ 
סˣ仯֪һб仯ġ 
䲻ȻͤڵĽǹԾٲͤЦλ֣Ҳϵ֮ܳΪֵˡ 
㿴ʲôǹЦʡ 
ѽźҲЦ˵һһŮѾǿˣһøǱ簸Ĺ𣿡 
࣬һһŮɱ׷ 
ѽ֡˵Ĳ࣬ʲô˼ 
˼˵ǰ˱永 
Ŷһλǹˣ𣿡 
ں棬Ƭ̾ͿԸϵ 
˵ǾŸвûйˡ 
˵˵£ߣ 
ܲܣ֡˵ƽĹˣ𣿡 
ǹˡ㲻ǲǣ 
ҲߣͲǹҼɱ˵ɱڣ 
ǹһҲɫһ䡣 
ۣԭǵϵѡǹ׾һ˰죬ȴһߣֹմѽ 
ˣĸ˻ԾȻ 
ţ˶ΪŴүźɫݣ֮ǰɽĹұҷӣҡʵ̲ȥݺݵһ٣ڴ˵أ 
һӽ 
ԭǲķ˵ͳ˵ĵ治С 
ĹƨźҰ°ţ;ңҸ̴ʶðαƵνӢۣһھָǷ˵ѪˣĻ쵰ܳΪӢۣ˭Ҳˣޣ 
Ѫͷֿ 
ͼŭ÷裬ҲŭӣӦһ仰Ұʯͷ 
𹫷ࣨߣ 
վλǸðʧŭͷ˼̤һ˫ָźţ䲻õѨˡ 
һ˵Ѩ֣ŷĳһƱλǼݣ۴ƣָ⼸˼˫Ŀһڵһɾ䡣 
ͬһ˲䣬һ͵ϥϥǽŲĲλؽű㱨ϣؽڲҽΣǾ͸⡣ 
ʹһˤڵأһᣬϥǹǼʹ飬Ҳݽȥ 
̫죬 
ǹշûб䣬Ҫַ̧ͺðһţԼҲպñ߿ҪѨϵһָͷ˱Ŵүˡ 
λ֡Ŵүסǹı죬ץһͷèλһϣòҪĳɱϰ 
û˽ǹͲǹ֦һĿԷѨֽ˶⡣ 
ڣнǹö 
Ÿˣʱʧȥ˼ͬһ˲䱻ƽܲľ 
㡭㡭ͳվʹ÷޷ͦĳͻϮƣ㡭㲻 
ĳͲʲô˵һȾţĳѾ御ˡ뽲ףǲʶȶ֣ǾͱʾֻһȺƦֵúǽ 
аӹ˺Ϲ𣿡λʡ 
¾ɣǿԷˡ 
ҿڻˡ 
Ųɷ˵䲻Ļ˴ſ֧ʮСĳȺŹ˵ѧרḻĳС䣬ܹǸʮҲʮĸޡ 
㵽Ĵ顭 
˵С䡣ιǴ¶죬ֱ̫ɽ𣿡 
ԣߡҧ˵ɽˮԶǺڡ 
λ󽣿ϥ׵ܲһʹֱð亹뼰ҩʱǳӢ۵ʱֻԹԡ 
ԣ֮ڱضúܿ죬ŶĳʤңǷ׽˱¡źһ죬еö⣺λ˵֪֡ȤЩһȥԲ߰ȫλаӵùϮȻͲҪðա 
ɱ׷ 
ǻһͬǣ̫ڱǿ׽ɱ׷ǵ£ǹŵִˡ֤ǹݣ֤ 
⡭ 
ð乫ˣûɣģЩ֮ɱ˷Ż֮ʵˣǱеŮ潵ļֻҪ¼ǡǡź˵ðһ׼ǹ˵ڶڣҷǲɡ 
˴ʧɫŤͷܡ 
ӢǶˣƥܵ÷ɿ졣 
˹Ůİźеһ 
Ѿȡٱң׼ȡҩˣ˹ƣȻ֡ 
ööҪ͸׶Ҽ羮ѴĲ۹͸ǻְΪӣ 
Ĵϣڸ˿ס 
˵ֻýҩס˿ڣ˶ٱã֪ЩӢǣԹ⣬ֻҪʬͺá 
ѾԾ磬һ̤ǡ 
Ҫһ㣬˲Ҫǲ⣬ȥ¥գԽޣܰʹˣֻҪܼʱֹסѪڼҲˡ 
˶ѧרβɾͲôˡ 
ѾȻѣƺеմ 
ѡһЩҩĩĨڹǶˣҩһζ 
Ȼһȫˡ 
ҡҡﾪֵ˵ͷ״ҧе㲻壺ڡѽ 
 
ֻܻӶֽţ޷ͦ 
Щס˹ 
ҡҵ 
ܱǸѡѾ졭ˡ 
ѽ 
ʮֲ飬ǧ򲻿ɼһҪڰ˳䣬ȫҪسҽƽмλشʥ֡ 
ˣү̨֪Ѿ˶ˡ 
⡭ееƽʮԵ·һ粻һǹ¡ 
롭뽫Ұڷҵԡ 
ĬĬؽﱧڹԣȻ̾ 
Щɣǡǹѽ 
ҵйҽƣҵ 
ף֮һǷҪ׷ˣвɵı顣 
ǵġ 
ҪˣѾʲôˡ֣̫ƽׯұǽڣȻһһħ˴ûͻԿɿұòϵǼôȻȺ쵰ϧ󶯸ɸ꣬˹ǧ׷ɱΪΣ 
ү̨һѾꡣ 
Ե˵ϣǾһǰ棬ҴӲΪЩСǷǶԹѰ𱨸ν˶ԹСµ 
 
ҵ˼˵¡ﲻ˵ 
ү̨ˣô˵ģľǡ 
--------------------------- 



ʮ

       һһرƽ ɱ³ԣ˿һ͹һҲûеھΡ 
ڣŲµ¡ 
Ŀһ͹ȥô跨ڲĻ쵰 
һ£跨Ūȵķ 
ϣѷˡ 
СۣȴڰϺ˼ΣһУӶš 
ԼĿĺڣȻвΪ˵ܡ 
Ϊ˾һһɱ³ԣĿģȴǳȥצȹպͼıͷˡ 
ӽͤľӶ 
ʮʮͤڳͤɫƣŮ 
ʬͤģ佩 
ұ󣡡ﺬԿ塣 
һһ壬ٿû 
ף㣿⣬סĿĹˣĿͣͤڵʬϣӿ𾯽䡢ɡ־ȸӱ顣 
Ƭ̣һڳеľ䡢ɡ־ɫһɨա 
ȷˣ޺ġЩ˻ԾǱڵ 
ﱯеɫСҲȷˡ 
Ҳûˣֻˡ 
Ϣ㲡ˡ򶨵˵ôˣ 
ǵġ˵ʧȥʵ۾ͻȻӿԹĹâ 
Ըҷ̫ƽ鰸𣿡̽ʡ 
ʲôأұ㸸ӰʹˮҼƣ·ڽҪͷȭˣˮ򸾹ԮɱȻڹְѳ˰еĺȺԼ׵ǧ׷ɱһУڰв߶ĶıһԸ𣿡 
Щƾղ²ĻǲƽġرܹԹ񣺡ˮǹұҵׯˮֹҲӦõģϸʶЮɱҲʵôܹأ 
𣿡 
㡭֪ǡġ 
ȢħŮҲģ 
⡭Ȼġ 
Ɒӵרң㹫ұҸαƵļңӽнԱħׯѰ𡣡 
˵ŭˣׯ£κ˵Ѱ𡣡 
ģ־άֲ˶õġҵµġ֮нı³޴ñԣ޴аӽ㡣ˣΪӢ۵ˣŵĿֻһȡŮˣϧǧټƣȡ־ݡǣļƺҡ 
˵㡭 
ȡĶռ̫ǿҡõңȴֲȢңֲմҡ 
ˮһԩҲ㡭 
Ϣ΢ѼûᣬԹ֮𷴶ʢ 
ߣ֪ͺá÷ֱ棬ַ˽Уʼ׼ 
ˮĶֻҼ߶ΣԵĶͷ㰵в߻ 
һʯ񡣡ݰЦŮˣԶ޴Ϊˡ 
һׯѴ֮ˮµĻҵҲóȥҵҾñ˻ȡõŮˣˮĶӦáȻҵ죬Ϲ˹׷ҵŮˣ 
ұ󡭡غŽУһΪǡ 
ԶǱڸԵźУӶ 
ͦƣ߹ȣˤѪǡ 
һ۱ϳź㣬һһӣƽѭ 
òסʬ壬֦ɵĴϼܣмŲˣ֦ڹٵƽ̹ϼҷʱڵ߲˱ȳࡣ 
źŽǰߣʱߵ˵ı仯 
ÿ֪ƵĲնԲʤɣοǰ׷ĻҲܼȣҲҪ 
еڣôӦҪͤùӼһ档 
һ־ˡ 
ĹעźȻͽУǣ֣˵һѡ 
洫Ųȵ 
ףôһ·̤ĲֽУǲǣϻͯ𣿡 
Ĺ죡Ťͷϲɫ첽ӽĲ˵˵˵û˵ư͡ 
ףˣĲԾָָŵʬ壬ָָϼڵˣп˵Ůˡȣ־Ȼƺ߷ɮ 
ٺ˵ͷ 
úúã˵˵ιôһ£Ƭ̲ãǡ 
 
ôˣ㡭 
˵˰ɣ 
ѽĹƭˣɫһ䣬гԾ 
ĽˣϲƶԷĴö֮Ҳ˶Էʵգ֪Ŷ֪ȻЩ߽ϲ¶档Ŷͨűöࡣ 
ħ֪˷١ 
βʿ˵ 
Цǲ˵ģҪԷ˵˵Ψһİ취ɱڡ 
ϼھǹŮơ 
ף˵סϾ̫ƽкЩ겻ڽ߶ˣô 
ׯĹθݺǰͤ;λȼðɱ˹оԵ˵ˡ 
ԭɱ˷ӣ׷ɱŮġȻȥĹƨӢۣʱ޳ܵĹ̫ˣҼҲųʧлһҪǼԹ 
ҿѱЩӢۣ֣㴳ĻҲˡ 
ô˵֡ 
ڵ³㣬ҲҪ㡣ҿˡ 
ģ˵ġЦʶʱ˥ῴɫǿӲúԾߵһҪҵ治أο³ѾˣڵС׷ٵרңˣвЩӢۣ 
ҵƨëҲ̲ϣҺΣ 
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ԣǰںСǱɱġŻˣʧת̫ƽȥҾͶСĿ¹ʷʼĩС˵պúݶҽҪһ㡣 
ЩˣɵĶıɱĹߣιл˵ﲡ˳⣬ҶԲСûβҩֻо˵ҩܾȲ 
Ļ֪Уֲ֪ô֪ôҩˡ 
ǡ 
Ͽ쵽ƽСҡͷߣʮ·Զúء 
ȵǰ̧ 
⡭á˵ΪҲֻһͷ 
ŪĽ䱦 
ȥģҰҲôߣԸΪ㸰̧㣬֪ߣϴ幥ǣҲҪҼ̧ˡ 
˵߾ߣѼǹȷɱ 
ǿЩӢۿɰˡźп˵Խ̾һ 
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źȴ޷׷ٵˣѣڴ˺Ͳ˵ˣܰ 
һ裬ϴɫȹʮۣȻñõ͵͵ؿӣźһ۱㿴׷Ůɡ 
ˣߣе㰴಻ס 
ȻΪλЩӢ۵ĺȮϴν֣˴˽书ղûþѧƴԵ֡ 
Σеðˡ 
һ𽥵Сࡣ 
ף㡭ŮȻ 
ҡ˵òҪңС 
ͬ顭 
ҵͬ飬·ƽˡ 
Ŷǡ 
һһǵ˸ɵĺ¡ 
ôҵˣŮɻ°ţҵ˶ں棬Ҫϵǰȥ׷֡ 
Ƕ֡ҧ˵ 
˵Ůɺز쿴ϼڵѽĲᡣ 
ˡ 
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ҵ;ˣ㲻ǲͬ 
Ͳ±Ͳʶ 
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ΡС 
ҡ 
ٱңһһս 
þŮĲ 
ˣĿŭ׺ݶŮɡ 
ҩԱסԪŮɲ׺Ŀ⣺Ҳܱ֤һԵþȡ 
ҩҽκ鵤ҩҲȲ˲ˡλŮûл־ҲΪҵ鵤ʱס 
ȴ׺ݵ˵СΪ»òҩǲǻͷ 
˵㡭Ůӿŭ⡣ 
ҶѾˡ 
ͲŮɾȻʧŭ⣺ҡ׽סλŮ鷴Ҫġ 
㲻׽סΪҡ 
Ҵһ׽ŮɾȻЦˣЦݼΪˡңͯƤζ 
һеһ 
ŮɵЦݺǲٽɱ˵ŮӢۣ 
糾ŮĳС 
Ҫ̫ˣСҲЦ⡣ 
ҵȻġ£ 
˵ն 
ˡŮɰⰰ۳סŤͷУɣ£ҪŮĿ㱾Ծġ 
ߣǣ 
ĺԸѹ 
С㵽ں˵ЩôвãǵɱϵסȺ֮ǰҸͲʶĳڽӢҵ˯ȥ첻֪Ƿ̫Ů壬ַ糾£Ҳ˵ശţ١ϼĹ壬鰮Բн³ 
ҿں˵ŮȺ£ҵ˶ں棬ҲʶλĻ 
Һ˵ 
˵ʶĻ 
ұͲʶ֮ʶˡ 
ˮأ 
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ŮȹľɺɰͳһֻСССУȡһŽɫĶ衣 
Ǳ𵤣͸㡣ŮȻ΢ЦҾãһλŵķ糾˵ɵҩҲȲûлȥ־ˡ𵤿ԱסԪֻʱҩЧʱһ㲻Ȱ־ǡ׼ˡ 
лл㣬СӹԳϵصлһλĵСҪŷЩ˵Ļʵ־ң鹹ֻʷѡ֪ǸˣҲ֪׼ˡ˴ˣСһ÷Լȥɣ 
֣Ҳ֪˵ЩôŮҡͷȴ֪սʱҵ´źţ˵ǿСˣҸϻȥǿǷһȺǵСϻʹӵʱҾڵڶš 
ף㡭 
ΪҵƱ壬ǳͻʱмӴ˺ȺҪĻ˫һԲϴ 
ѽҡұǸҡࣺҡҰ㿴ɡ 
ӢۣŮɶЦ 
ǣ㡭ҪҲ 
 
ΪΣ 
ڽ٣ӵĹнٵẺ񣬾˵ĿɱǾȥǧʬ岻֪Ǽ١һʱ棬ҪȡǸ׷ٵ³˵ʼ޷ס췴׷ͷȴҡ 
ڷˡ 
ѽף֪ 
ǲ˵ģʱС￴ġ 
ҾҪ׷Ǽ 
׷ˣ쵽ƽι¹𵤣һһ̸ǰ̧ǣʱҸȡɺã 
ѽҰ㡣ŮȻ˵ 
ллٴ֣Ǹ 
õǸңүҽзġ 
ѶȹͲİ֪ͽзԪ˾Ͳ֪࣬͵Ůзĵˣ֮١ 
ź㵱Ȼ֪ȴ֪ġ 
ҽź㣬Ҳȷ³çǸ 
ѾǸˣڣ㲻ͣ𣿡Ц˵ 
ʱƽֻһССسǣһƽԭشйض˵Сǡ 
ǶֵĲҴԺˣǲӲǽ൱Ϥˡڱѣ˶Ҫӣݣ˭巸ģҲģĲֶΣίʵѺ¡ 
ҴԺ˲ٲ֮ͣһȺ˲꣬ԵҰݻǣȻȻؽ˰ڿᡣӢۼüһá 
ϴҲˡ 
ǽ鲻޸֡ǵͷȷҲͲһ֡ǵİڣַԴʮöϣÿһöųһȻ˵ֽ֡µĸ֣ҲϼˣӲ²Ӳ 
ϴϣڻƷɫ磬ǽʳʱ⡣ 
ܶ࣬ӢۺܼüһáӵȻźȦĲŹۡ 
ױϣͣΪȭǧ׷׷Ů뼰;зıʡһ˵ˡ 
ȻǼ籩·ţڹظͨ˵ 
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ǺǣΪֵܾȵˣЦɫе㲻졣 
Ȼ֪漤Ʋϵڵаħֵţ٣ʹЩ˲ڱ£ȻشĴͷԹ۲Ųʣܲӱ۶Ϊ߲嵶 
ֵܾ޴⡣ɿ𣺡Ůļˣ紫ô¡µǸŵˣо칦黯ѶԸֵܵ˶Ը 
Ŷŵô˵ã 
ǹλϵܴܵõ֤ãֵܻϣʶ˵ѧλûǱ¡Ǯɣ 
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ǰ;ֵصӵżλޣ¡ջ꣬ݰٺᡣǾʶβǰݻ᣿ǳԸȵˣֻҪһͷλɸˡ 
Ŷ϶ˡʹϲ 
϶йڣֻҪһȵڴˣ϶ضðֵһˣ¶ӣ 
˵߾ߣйȷȵĻģҵɿĸȭȲʤ㡣ǳԸģĿ¼ȻиӵڣòˣʵԸȵˡ 
죻ֵǰĻˡ 
ʹźһȺ¡ջ 
ǱǹģĿջ豸ҲȫΨһӵνĿ͵ꡣ 
ȷһаˣסԺĶԺᣬ߰˼Ϸȫˡ 
ź벡ڶһſͷס䣬мһ䰲Ϣٵ·ơ˽ʼмԱϣ˱ǵУɿ͵һλӶź治֪Ůˡ 
ٱϣǻƻ轫١ 
ĿУӼź㣬λԳƷ糾ˣø 
֣ĲˣΪź裬ʵӦһźŮġ 
ƺүΪ֣ԼҲ֪ǴӺʱıģıúȻ˿ۼ 
ܲáźЦ˵òɵҩȲ˲ˣʹתΪãȻ飬ίʵ˵ģǿ֮⣬һˮȡ 
Ȱ𣿡 
˵ôήţһ˫ĴۣӶΪźͳֻСϡ 
ȰȰ֡Ͽҵ˵ҲŮˣ֪ôȰ 
ͼݹˡȲ̸ź򿪵һֻСһֻɵĽУ͸СлҾ˵һ⡣һǲҪת麺麺ҿˣϣ㲻Ҫܣ㲻ؽӽֶ 
˵ 
ֻҪ˵ǴôطȡģͲҪˡźЦЦ 
ҡ֪Ǳаġ 
Ǵ˵ƾţСΣʬڵġ 
ѽͻȻϼա 
ҪСʬڣʬȫмĵطжŮŻġ 
ҪҪ˻ 
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٣ǮģҡǮĲФϲֶΪᡣź㽫ǰһƣǹϲűʯ䡣 
㡭ɫһ䡣 
ᣬɲǸ񣬶Ǳҵл⡣ûϻسǵĽʬһߡһУзḻɱ˾飬ȴȱ˵͡ûһΪ֡λܣΨһ˵мңҲɱмңɱ˻ˡҵһ뵽˾ 
㲻Ҫ̫ԶﱬƵĽ£ˮۿתֻǰҿ̰ŮǿҿȿµŮаħ㡭 
˵ 
ҲҪҡߣҲҪĻҡ 
ҽ͡ 
ҲҪߣߡС 
źе޴룬ֻ 
ŮʰϵĽкͲĬĬصС 
СƬ̣ĬĬˡ 
ڷţǾƾһ̳ 
źĿͷѲѡ 
˶ǺѾաԼΪҵĶͷɲǺģԹһͷţ 
һֱ򲡻ｻľ񻹸ɫҲǴ򽻵Ҳôܵ 
ȻҪ˵ȫȻ޶ԣ̸֮е㲻ܣָԼǿ˵ǲڴɫġ 
֣кδ㣿򲡻ʣĿȴŵƻ 
ţɽȥǿϱСȴʷ˵ħƣڷţɽ൱ľ档ҴǰͶҲЩӣҿŻŪԼľ档 
ǺǣϱУһϷģοࣿ˰ơҽᣬշ˾֣µıǮȴ 
ıǮЦǿûǮ 
ǱǮĻ򡣡ЦҪٸ׽סҪͷġ˰뱲ǿ㻹ֿտһС 
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ģֲóԲ˿ࡣ书пȥã۵ʶ㻹ۻǵһȵġƾ㣬óȻκεط㶼ƾԼŬһӰȵ̫ƽ 
ģҾǴСóֳֻɣŻΪǿѽ㿴ӣô 
ܼ軧ճͷܸûɣ˵нܹЩ쵰Сǿ¹ܲʵʵĵ軧ͳ 
⡭ 
һũׯׯȱٹ֡ 
Ŷжٵأ 
һǧĶɣ 
죡һǧĶô󣿡 
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ҸһЦһںȹоƣĳһطƽϲ̰ɣ 
һطˡһλÿͣĳһׯʳׯдһٷʢšУÿˣøŷѡ˺ܿÿ˵ظˣ˵ǿ˳ԵǵϳʳҲصϣ㲻ô 
ۣЦ˵صϣ˭ĵѽÿ߳;ġ 
ԣ֣ܴÿҲͬ⣬˵һ߾Ǽʮôת˵ĵ˸Ҫģҵﲻɡ 
ÿһ룬ð磡ﲻɣδ˵̫˰ɣһ֮£һӼϣӲǲ칤˺üʮ·ԵׯͶޣŽ⡣ 
 
ׯӵͬдһ٣һ֮£ÿɵ 
ôһ£Ҳɵɵʡ 
⴦ׯӣׯ˵һׯ 
үׯĵصж󣿡 
֪ԼҲŪ塣ׯ˸ÿ˵é⵱ȻǷϣ͹ٽʳȻҪǮΪ͹ߵĵط˵طΧڣķڷׯˣ˵صжԶׯҲ֪˵ǰ滹кüׯԶ£˭֪жԶ 
ǱˣԴţˡȻΪЦ 
ȻеšźЦЦһ߲ؾͷĴũׯŲ㡣Ȥ𣿡 
⡭ 
һ꣬Ҹӣʳסӣ㹻һţӶƶ 
㲻˵ģʡ 
ȥģ˭˵棿ź˳ֻ׬⣬һ׬һƽúܣĽ䱦Ͳڰǧӡ 
㡭ô⣿ 
ѭ⡣ιûУ 
֡˼˵ 
ãһΪ 
һΪһ롭 
СԺӣͻȻһŮ˵ļС 
ź־⣬˼Ͷųȡ 
ȵİСԺһһŮһţǴܡ 
ס֣Ժӳ߳ 
˲䣬ŭ 
â磬Ӱ 
Ѿ־⣬ӦȻٶЩ 
Ȼй 
⶯񶯵ɲǼ䣬塣 
һ߳˫ 
˲䣬˲һ˫Ůͬʱıƣǧ 
氵Ĺĸˣˤһȭһƻظֱ͸ڸǰлöˣҲܲ 
˲䣬Ӱ嵽֪ιͻ˫һ֣һ⣬һﱣǡü翸סµ 
ͬһ˲䣬ķ߼ƥ˺ 
صбܶߣԺǵİӰУʧˡ 
һڣѹź¿㣬ļҺδҪİǰͿĨҩ 
ǰһȭڸ 
ҷģҧгݺУԷйеķŭֻҪһڣҪһֶΣþǧټƣЩ޳ܵ˹֣֡֡һѣһѡ 
ԲѣڻѪ 
ү֣һѡؽУҲ֪ƣ֪Ǻãһѣҡлл죬ˡ 
ҡϵĺɡɰؽУ 
Ȼˣ¶ҳɰ 
֣ɰУô죿 
棬СиССɺ«Сŵ裬̷̡һšǡҡĵܵİ١תš 
˷ܵᣬתŻž˵ɵֻҪһڣˡ 
ʱĺ𽥼ǿ˫Ŀ˹ɣųɫҺ뱳𽥱ɺɫ 
֡಻סúĲС 
һ綹һյƵ͵ƣʧѪӳյʮѿˡ 
֣õûУƵʡ 
ˡ 
лл죡үϾ۵ġ 
˭ң 
һѣ֣ҧг˵ʶ˵ǹԣǬһ𡣡 
ãһرǵġ 
ûзＰʱסһˣҺ㶼ˡ 
ŶӦǣ 
ǰüʱ 
㣡һΪǵĿꡣ 
˶࣬޷֣㡭 
˲ôᣬǵڸĽˡ鵤нҩ 
ҵĽҩúء 
Ȼǻҵ䡣 
һġ 
ԶЩƫƧĸڶ죬һԺܿظԭʱߣ 
ˡͦ 
ãáôط 
֪Ǳ⡣ 
𣿡 
ûС 
عٵߣԶǿӵӭšߣҪԶûˮ˵ġ׽õҰã׽𣿡 
мҡǿʱʱ׽Ұζ伢 
ģǿʵҲࡣȻ˵ЦŪҰÿʳסǧ򲻿𣬲ɵʳõ 
û⡣ 
ǾͱߡߣЩɱ֣һһȥµ 
֣ţˣ˶ࡣǣҲҵõһЩͬ顣 
ͬ飬һһģ޵еĸ֡ 
ۣȥ 
Ҹ˵ĶԹ˵ĶԹһ 
һ 
㲻زμӡ 
ޣʲôνУƲ˵û͵ĵ軧ͷɡ 
⡭ 
ұ죡ౣסһԪͻƬ̸ԭڡ¿㶯 
ź벡ʧ٣æ˲ˡ 
ȵˣڳڳѽ׳յ͵Ϸ٣Ϸ⡣ 
ҴԺǲүȫǵţа׵ˣкڵ졣иɫͷߣմ˽ζȫˣڳڳѡ 
ЩˣȻѵ𾢣϶źѾܵشܿѾˡˣʬֲʵʣ˴Ӳʧٵʬ 
æ죬ѶȫޣʱķŶ侲ˡ 
ҴԺʮλ뿪˲ˡλǴ¡ջǨģΪ׵¡ǰӵŽԪ塣 
λǷӵĳׯޣӦģȻӦׯɺ繫ηӼ׵ˡ 
ʮλޡټϵͷǲӲ뼰ҵѣʵǰǿ 
--------------------------- 



ʮ ֣

       ʱ֣Ⱥ½أ˼ҹ̽Ǳ⣬һ޾ɷլ ǰе˽ԾڴһƷ̸ľһƲװ˴δء 
˵ӳؾԶ߸߷ˣȻҲ˹ϲѾ£Զˡ 
ͼţ˲ûԶ߸߷ɡ 
֣ܲ˵ٸ׳磿ʣ˲󻼲ֹǳʮλϮûܽûУǷˣһȻ£֪Ǻ·سʱҵԲгȻ 
֡˵ЦǿЦ׳¹ʡУӰ֪ش˵ǰ̣ɲǺġֵȻǱǵˣûôȨӰ֪ش˷ңǸûκ󣬼ʹ̫ƽĹ˴к룬֪شҲͬģο̫ƽĹѾء 
ǰŵСƵδ̫˰ɣͷ׷ӵŽԪ塣 
е㲻õ˵λͬʱ֣λڼȭȭʵֿڼİҲȫеģĽûһ²ûӳջ֮ǰѾˡĿ´ɲΪģ跨гȵΪϲߡ 
ϼһͳᡣҪλȵ˱ŲźȶԸȵ˵ 
ȵ˷ɭϣǲʩʼ֣ص˵˵ǵ˵ҲԴʦٸ棬Ѿе㲻ˡٹȻڿջɱɱ˭Ҳֲ𡣡 
ǡִ֮ΣͲܲ˼ɣϾǵĵִ̡ġ 
취 
벷ϸʾ 
ϡҹ䵥Ҫڳָص 
Ѿ֪ʵۺ񡣲ܾġ 
Ǿҹ䵥󡣡 
һԡ 
Ƭ̣˽ͬһԡ 
ӰڹԺҹ£ƴվڿտԺм䣬Բ飬졣 
ںڳֻԺһյԺƣɫĹâ 
еĶǣСڵĻɫ¶ϵΡ紵ζ 
һӰվڵ£ʱ԰ѵŪϢ١ 
ȵŮΪ׵ĺӰУϷάҪʶʶȵľѧҲ̽Ϊ 
쿪һ̾װλװŮתƽ׶Ժߡ 
ԣһ֡ 
ƥ򡣡ɭǲʩʼ͵Ϯǲ֪߳ˣ 
Ůسѿ֮ܡԸͽײеǿν͵Ϯ 
ֱ޳ܣ 
ʹŭνʡ 
ƥǿˣﳰŪεǿһ𣿲ͱȲ޳Ϲ֧ƾô򱾹ǰҿ㡣 
ʵ书棬ͲԸ˵ԡ͵ȻԸһȺӢۣҲһЩֶ׷ļӢۡ˵ˣֻһЩ֮ΪԸƬرۣϴƥѡ 
絶ɰûͷһǷɣ⻪ſն롣 
͸ЩˣɱӿνûŭԷնԷ޹˼ɵͻϮںöԷ۾ԼĬˣһĺû 
Ӱһ䲻ݷشӶԷǰʧɲǼ䣬˶Էࡣ 
ʿʯŤתǹȻΣһݳ⡣ 
ͳУ´ңһꡣ 
㡭ĽϾСй͸Уһɣʧֶء 
һλϣؽС 
סˣָ֪˫γֹģһн 
һҽУǰһԣڵ 
߿һ죬Ѫ⼷ 
νаħ˼ָЩ¹ţ²ף˲ʺöԶΪǷȫƾʱϲŭ޳˼¡Щ˹Ȼ˺£ʵ׼ĴͽǾͲǷǡЩˣʱЩνӢۿɰöࡣ 
ɷ˵һʱ棬ʹ³һȺǧ׷ٲֻΪҪ֪ʬܣΪƧԣû̼ȵ 
λӢۣȴֶɱ³ԣȻ˽硣پӢ֣Ϊɱڵ죬ӢȻΪĿиûڣ˲Ŀ¡ 
аԱˡΪǺǻʶԷΣֱɱţһʿ͵ĸߡ 
ԺǰӰ 
һӰʹ͡ 
˾Ÿˣһ 
﷢һ߳߾١ 
˫ŮӶŮгǽ 
󣬿쮺֣ͬʺȡ 
ϵ˪߽С 
һӣѩ跢 
ڡλŮͬսӦ 
׷ϼٴνл 
׵Ȩ˫һէϮ¡ 
ڡλŮ 
߾룬һɱһҧ˵߾ࣻն顣 
ͬ 
ȵɱ߾Ѫɱ 
ȵӦȺŹɲǼγɽͨɱýȺŹľСɱ󷢶߸˻ڻ߾룬ɷ԰϶Ӵ١ͬʱÿ֧ߵĲ౳һɨӣѪʯ쾪 
ˣŵ 
ǣﶯɱ޽󡣰˲ܵ 
ǲҽܵѱʵ 
λʹӢ۽˲ãġ 
Ǭһ𡣡һӰ߽УҲ½¾ 
㲻䡣ɭɭűߣλʩչɣ 
ս˲λӢ֮Ҳûˡ 
ֵĿ½ǰǬһɥʧ˴ȵˣԭǲҾǬһĵ˵ȴǰ 
෽ӰӶƱ޽ܳ˵м䡣 
Ǵȵĸϳˣ档Ʊ޲ᵶ̾СϣҪģǬһ𣿡 
Ǭһ͵ͬ飬ӵŵѣ֪һȺˣ;һȺ˳ͻֵľȻ֪Ʊ޵ĵϸһһϳ˾Ȼҳ棬һͽֱǴܵˣ 
˼공ǬһŭЦʵúнȴֲλǿŭӿѽƱ޿Χڡ 
ꡣԴӼСȹ£ڽ±һֱСݳ 
书һ 
ȥǿȻôҵĵ֣ԸǬһ˵ɫſҪ 
仰ҪǬһ 
缲£Ǭһ޼ȻƱѿ˴Ʊ޵ĻȻϮһطֹƺͬһ˲乥 
Ʊ޲õܣ˰벽һ磬һ估һֱ۹ų޲µһסƫš 
һ 
Ǭһ޷ӦѸȻһɲǣб˵˲䣬缰壬еһ𣬴ӵǰ˳Զ⡣ 
죬϶˰ֱۺһ֧Ǭһģֱ߶ϡ 
ƾôţԳǬһߣƱްȻ˵յˣɽ 
ҵ֡ǬһС 
һӰסһǰʰֱۡ 
ʰ۵˻ؿЦ˵ 
ߣԺ˵˷ˡ 
Ƭ̼䣬͵ظ 
һ磬ʳӶ 
λ͹ٽ첻𣿡λЩӶһ氲ʳϣһкŮʡ 
ϧŮ˵ 
ôأ 
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ƽһѪɺӡҼСѾڹ˷˵ˣЩôȵˣضǲʩвҵı 
ڶǡ 
ЩӢ룬;в˶࣬ӢԾӣڳйȻϮɱˣһ·;Ϊһǵģ;оͿΪˡ 
СתС㡭 
תҼСϿ뽮磬𣿡ŮЦ㣬תǲҲҼС㰵еУ³ֻǹߵʹӣб˻úܡϢѾӿ촫ȣҪ˶ãʮ£Ƚ뼯ƽǣˣһǲүϿȥҪϿ촫ټȺۣҴԺ½ء 
⡭ 
ضãÿүȵеʱ䣬ʱ𣿡 
Сүǡǵڼ磬ѡ 
֪ڽѡ 
ɷ̸̸Ӷ 
ҼС㲻ӼκˡŮȻܾ 
⡭ 
ֻ£ԱȲҵı 
ʾ 
һŴүëط͵ꣻɱ³Եַӡ 
¡ 
߰ɣʳѰ׵ˡŮ˿˳תЩˣϿؼҷ䣬ħѣŹǵģЩħɲӢôźǽʱػĲҹȻȵҲȥǵġ߲ߣ 
úãߡ 
跸صĴǾԼʵûռƣȴر̸֮ţƶԷ߼ˡ 
զʾʵشͺǬһȷΪк£ϣ˫ò̸УаٽĲҺǲܴЭ⡣Ŵүʧ٣Ļռ˾ųɣνë˵طؿ͵ꣿׯĶӦׯʥɽ֮һ˭Ұѷӵֽ 
ǽ˼ա 
ȴٱвЩӢΣҲһͬʶ 
ǽΪԱκֶζģЩ˱ͲӢšеʤӢۺܡ 
ˣһžڲڳΣĪϢŴֵˣðķսʮڷصˡ 
ӰԺǰ¶м䣬ԺϵĵͻȻһϨˣȫԺһƬ 
´ɩվĺӰ˲ͬ˵ľ飬üֺˣ𣿡 
˿͵Ҫ֪ģҪͬ´ɩƺеﴫʾͼΪԣпڽԱضع˿͵ 
ɩ˼Ǿˣ 
ǣǡ 
ɩңǡӰ´ɩﲡ 
ãǡ˭ֻҪ֪ǲǽܱļ롣 
ļܸߡ 
ļߣ֪ 
¸𡣡 
㸶𣬷㲻ұ̸ߣ˶ڡǡ 
˵̧֣Ĵڣָ̽ϰ죬ƺѾּۻ꿢ַֿˡ 
졣´ɩ˵յԤ֮֮ڱɽˡ 
¾ 
һõ 
һЦת׼뿪 
󣬲֪ʱվһӰ 
ᣬɱ֮֯һʮʷԴԶӰǷ裬ɭѼӢ鼱ɱ֡пԭ´ɩаմɱȵˣ 
Ǳдֻͣɰգܡƽɱ볲оųɾŰա´ɩҲ˵Ƕ㲻סģܳķԼ߳ 
зٶԷǺУǹܳʩרҡ 
ٶа취оſؾŵصĽƺϳ 
ƽСطٶȴǹʮɱУһǡڴ˵ҹҲڽˡ 
Сܴ´ɩЦŲɺϣʮɱУλǡþ˵أǡʶǣô̸ˡСٶ٣ѾźۼˡĿ㣬㽫ˣ۵úأС 
һ𰵰㡣֪ϵˣְν 
ѾС´ɩһᵹµġңʮɱŸߵŹš 
費ٶ˫ţд󺧡 
⡭ 
ԣŶһΣ㲿鶯һΣ鶯ʹ˫㽩ŵ˵ǧӣѾ׬ˡ 
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㡭 
һԸ뷨 
費ʧƿռɡ 
ŲɶӦÿԶ 
һЦּץڶĳ 
ö۲ںҹ߾룬ͬһ˲˹ŵĿ 
ץס˽͵һһ㵹볤磬Ŀδ 
Ŀɱ֣ıȥˡ᱾߰ٳĴ䣬ʮʷɱ֯֯ƣɱ˹Ȼ֯Ҳˡ 
һͬĺӰһӦ죬һȱɨѷɨһܣһץסŵİٱϵһԾץ迸ϼ磬ɶݡ 
Ʊ޴ϵ˪ĸˣ°СĺӰ׷֣ɵβ죬ԷȴṦˣ׷ˣûͷĲӬƵҡ 
ֻλŮءȵнλŮƵ߶ҹ䲻ƶĽɡ 
ӰǱãĵصȺˡãɲݰ¼䡣 
˵Դ൱Ůͷһ˶š 
ںڳϷĴУ͸һ΢ĵƹ⡣ 
Ӱ룬Ȼǹꡣ 
ƿڵķţһҩζǡһӫȻһЩ 
ʣƹƸɿƵ֮˾ȻĶ 
ձ˼£˫Ŀſˡݣһ˫۾Եø󣬸ƺһ˫òɱ۾֮⣬Сѱˡ 
󣬵񣬺ãȻվڴǰˡ 
㣬㡣ǰҹµķһҲ㲻֪𣿡 
һġͳƺԾĵز¡ 
㲻ơӷƺݵȫʧȥˣ 
ұ㽻ˮĵܵܡպħ˾ͻȥҡҾͱܳصѹƣ㲻ϣܵħ˲ɧŰɣ 
һˡգգ۾ǣҲκһˡһģжΡĵҩеҩֹ֭ 
㲻֪𣿡ӽϽڣҰԣŷħˣͶͲסҵֳ㣬κףһ²һ£Ͼƽ¡Ůŵļһ⣬ʵʧأʼһҪ跨ٴη⡣ϾһᾭమһȻȢ㣬ڣ;һúôġ 
֪ߡͻȻӵһ˿ƮЦ⣺书࣬ϾûթݶϵģҹһߣҲŸġ 
ֻƵһݡ 
𣿡 
ѾˣȵѲҹвһ跨õģԶ޷ȵв 
òģҼǿǣͷβر㡣 
ıġҷȡĶһԵ֣ûŮֵܿҡſģҴߡ 
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ڿĵĿ־ˣں¡˵˵ʱһֱͺ޲øϿɱңãȴ뱣סҵ֪ѲǿҵĿ־壬ֻǲ֪ˡѾ֪Ҿҡ 
׺ݵסأٶȽԾ 
ַӵͬ飬һ 
ӣ˴ߣôͬ鼱ߴ١Ů̴ϻأǾˡ 
ãߡףڱߣ 
žž⣬Աֹٽ׼ߡ 
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ģ⡭Ůĳݡ׺ݵؽƻشϣŭؽС 
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ϣп̶Ц⣬˫ĿôأϢƹ£ݼΪֲһĨ̶Ц⣬˸еëȻ 
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죬ŵĴأ˫ٶˡ 
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ȥˡͬˣɱҲص޸ˣҲȥĻɱУʰ㶪ĿŮ˵ˡ߰ɣ 
ûɱԼɱӴ顣 
ʲôֱأӡͬߣǻֵ壬ˮ񸴳аԶǧ׷ᣬΪɱŮԭ֮䣬ôһΰ飬 
İһƣų壬һ⣬סſվסˡ 
㡭㡭Ϊʲôͬ龪תڽѪ 
֪̫ˡЦǰӽңһɱ¡ 
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ͬʬ壬ǡʱҵس鶯˼¡ 
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죬Ʊϵ˪ˣڷòλŮʬ壬׼ղء 
壬ķڳڵϵѹ˵ 
У֮ǰ͵ҵطף跨簲ᡣЩѣ͵˳ȥѲƱҧ˵ͬʱ˱ӿԶ߸߷ɣϻȱѶϿǰС㡣 
͵ɱŵĳǽû˸١ˣҹ˻ʱ⣬ǺӦеľ 
ոӭţں濸һʬϵ磬żȻŤͷԼɱĺӰƵʮӶ 
һţһ 
ǰ̽·Ů˪žνͷ 
ᣬߡмĴƱ޵ͺȣҲһλŮʬ壺ԶЩ˵ͣ 
Ӻ洫׷˾֪ЩṦĸ֡ 
ǼʬԵöԷࡣ 
Ȼ׷Ʊ޼˵СС麡ǱȫҶϺ󣬲Ҫңڻǡ 
ţҹйٵյӰޡǣǰʮ·Եе£Ƶ˸Ӱסˡ 
˿Ц׽ͣ㶨Ҫ˻ӶݣѾúʱ 
ȵˣ©٣ϷӵŽԪ͡ 
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ӵߣƱ޵ͺȣȷŮʬ壬Ѹٽĳұϣγᵶ 
ٺٺ١·ĸ˵Ц 
ȥ˱ضа׶༪٣ܴܿԷİ͵ 
ϵ粻ˣŮʬ塣 
壬ǴĻǼǣ߲˵ġϵҧ˵һһ˪ã˫赣߾벻ҷ˷ѡ 
Ʊ֪߲ˣᵶɽ 
˸ֵ壬ĳƽ𣿡ƱףٲţЩӢ۵ĸУûһֵĺú 
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뵽ʲô 
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սʱ̣һܣֻҪһЩ˱ʳѰ 
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ϲǣǳѿԶһ֮⣬ȵа̳ 
µŮ裬ĿѾ⸪׻꣬һʰǡ 
Ӽߣ¡мǿĻܴƱޣԷġ 
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˹ȫಫκЩСƣҲʹӰǵĻಫҪͷκһСⷢҲʹָĹۡ 
ϴҴ˷һյĻᡣͰνǰӽĳźҺû٣칭ĳƾнһιƽĻᡣ 
ҲͬСƱ޺׳ǰӭ߽֮һλ߱¡²˵⽫һƽľ 
˵˵ĳ㱣֤һƽľͼҪű֤ˡ 
лƱᵶһ죬Żȸϳ˴Ʊ޽ܡƽ 
Х족Уаȡ޽ܣС 
Ʊ֪ԷĽ֪֪ͣˣԸýಫᵶգһֵ߳ĳ޵콿ƷХһԶ 
ѶԸɰ˳ޣǾźԽƣͨ޷ϣֻܹܰ 
һΣڱУߴηλһαһԾѸ磬ڱӰпٵ϶룬ӲӳޣⳤˣȻƸޣڰ˴λѵ˴Ʊ޵Ҳ౳ȳޱУͻŷ⻪³ 
ƱֵᵶȻ跢Ť׼Ӳһһ𣬾ɢӰ֡ 
һХӰη飬켫 
бԾ𣬼䲻ݷشӱϷԽк£ٴƱ޵ĶΪܣзһǳɣԹ۵Ŀѣơ 
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Զ˭Ҳ޷վơ 
бƮ 
ǣͻȻеϥʹ٣һ죬ʧȥһҡ 
ȣСȱУͻȻʧ쵹 
Ʊ޿Ұس嵽ᵶ 
ѽкüΣ˾ 
һӰӶĿХǡ 
Ƶĵһɲǵ˼زס˴ƱյСۡ 
飡Ʊޱϵˡ 
һ͵Ľ˻Ʊ޵Ҵȡ 
ӹŵˣԼ͵Ʊ޵ؿڣ类УܿܰѴƱ޴ڵϡ 
仯̫죬˭Ҳ޷ֹҾķ 
ϵ˪ߵУǰԾϣѾˣѾ 
Ӱ·ԵеµԹս˿ӰӰѾۺϡ 
µĵ;Ʊ޵ؿڲ磬ͻȻͣ٣϶һֻ֡ 
ֹֻӵŵ߿ѨѨ֮׼ţɫ̫ڣǡõѨ 
ϴҴ˷һյĻᡣͰνǰӽĳźҺû٣칭ĳƾнһιƽĻᡣ 
ҲͬСƱ޺׳ǰӭ߽֮һλ߱¡²˵⽫һƽľ 
˵˵ĳ㱣֤һƽľͼҪű֤ˡ 
лƱᵶһ죬Żȸϳ˴Ʊ޽ܡƽ 
Х족Уаȡ޽ܣС 
Ʊ֪ԷĽ֪֪ͣˣԸýಫᵶգһֵ߳ĳ޵콿ƷХһԶ 
ѶԸɰ˳ޣǾźԽƣͨ޷ϣֻܹܰ 
һΣڱУߴηλһαһԾѸ磬ڱӰпٵ϶룬ӲӳޣⳤˣȻƸޣڰ˴λѵ˴Ʊ޵Ҳ౳ȳޱУͻŷ⻪³ 
ƱֵᵶȻ跢Ť׼Ӳһһ𣬾ɢӰ֡ 
һХӰη飬켫 
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ǧһб˶һ 
Զ˭Ҳ޷վơ 
бƮ 
ǣͻȻеϥʹ٣һ죬ʧȥһҡ 
ȣСȱУͻȻʧ쵹 
Ʊ޿Ұس嵽ᵶ 
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Ƶĵһɲǵ˼زס˴ƱյСۡ 
飡Ʊޱϵˡ 
һ͵Ľ˻Ʊ޵Ҵȡ 
ӹŵˣԼ͵Ʊ޵ؿڣ类УܿܰѴƱ޴ڵϡ 
仯̫죬˭Ҳ޷ֹҾķ 
ϵ˪ߵУǰԾϣѾˣѾ 
Ӱ·ԵеµԹս˿ӰӰѾۺϡ 
µĵ;Ʊ޵ؿڲ磬ͻȻͣ٣϶һֻ֡ 
ֹֻӵŵ߿ѨѨ֮׼ţɫ̫ڣǡõѨ 
ͬһ˲䣬βŵ˿༲һ͵Ҽ硣 
;һ浹زбܳ⣬еҼѣʧɫ 
˱Ʊޣ 
ң˳߳ҲЩˣ֡ 
Ʊ޸еƣһɵ 
үƱУǺá޳ܣҡҡ 
ǣסź㽫˽嵽ϵ˪ˣػ 
μѨƽԭصӵǰ 
ǳλ߱𡣡˵Ϊβ֣ 
Ϸȡӵﲻ 
֪𣿡 
⡭ 
͵ˣǰһָ 
ŵġʹС 
һȡź˵̸׹ƽͬʱ±ˡӵţ֪صģ𣿡 
ϷΪȹӵӲͷƤΪԼΪ绤Ȩ֡а֮ץסزš 
޳ܡ 
Ϸ򡭡 
㲻Ҫأ 
⡭ 
һӵŵԴз֡Ȼһߵ 
ıɱͿУһӳһһþƽ֮־ڱصá 
ƫ˽ 
ͷɣһУŤͷ񱼣ɶݡ 
ϡһֱۣµұۣ߱ˣȻŽš 
Ϊ׵ӵӣ˲кԼͬɢ 
ӭű࣬·һԼĿҰɰسмʮءǰͤĹ˻ 
ʮĹǱǵʥطɽ¾ֱǽ˷˾ȷɶӢʮӭűսԳĺɱرɫʮ˽߷˽ǧȫ׳ 
Գĺƽؾ׳ȻɱСڳۿʮǧɱʡ 
ˣǵˣĵطôһʮĹǡ 
ĹصһҰһвͣľͩסеǹƸŮŮСС 
ǶĴһȺɮˣڵĺ궼ҲһȺʦ˼̳ƣҹϴ¡ 
һݣͣסź㡢Ʊޣϵ˪׷ϼŮ 
źˣеǮ˲ɥ¡ 
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ľͩףĿġ 
ˣɮǷ׷׷ǣⶺҹڣľʳûоơ 
Ʊ޻֧ŵסͬš 
֮λˮʳĵطǱź֣ص˵۷κ¹ʣǧ򲻿ĿҪǣ³ç嶯õɱǣҾͿԴȡˡ 
үҼС£Ӧźá˪ﲻʤǣҪҪϸ˸ǵ࣬ǡ 
СǧҪ¡ĿǵĿ꣬ϣַɢ뿪Աؼ߳ǲߣľźʮ˵СʣûаնԸ֮ǰСдáЭȹð£С㻹ݱƽ 
ǣү˶࡭ 
ҶԸˣһͬæŴү֣ص˵ֻҪԸ⣬죬ｫѪɺӡҲϣҸ˵ĶԹͬæƶӵòʰĿǰ˫ͶھȳС֮ǰҪԼԼ 
үҪҼС㣿 
ǵġźᶨޱȣңΪҵ±ⳡѣұΪǾһ 
ǣСĿ¡ 
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ҴԺĿȺ۱ϼ˭֪ںδ֪Ҳ޷Ԯȡ磺ܵġ 
ˣصˡһͷޣһԼΧúúõءҾһͷޣϤ޿ߵĸôطĳЩ޺̾ݡҴԺÿһʯÿһ껨ݣҼȫϤ֣㶮ҵ˼𣿡 
ҲϤúܡĵЦҲޣҵΧˣͬࡣ 
ĲҪУôˣźЦЦˡ㻹ûϹأ˹ҲˣԱ⣬ûУ 
ôԱ⣿㡭 
ұǵطݵԱ⣬ڼ֮ڣûҴ⼸죬ңҶȹѹأһúúл㣬ŪһСũׯԼ 
Ժ˵ģǷõԺáҡͷЦ 
ûģϿԶ߸߷ɡ 
ЦڣҵȻġ˵ 
֣أźһֱڳ˼ĴƱʡλԸһȵĴ󺺣ʧܣԵغࡣ 
Ǹ³ˣʮףֻҪүڣκ˶ġԵ˵¾ãүɷϵ˪һͬ£һ˾Ͷһ֡ 
һˣҲһֹǡź˵ģһصؽеġɫ磬Щ׼ 
һҹУȺˣһǱÿһ䣬ͣѵݸѵΪס 
Ȼ 
ʱ֣źһȺݳ̨֡µ򡣽ţµɮҲˣϵܹҲˣһн԰¡ 
ĩƳƽĵͷǣλòϵˣɫׯϵ˾סݡ 
ǰһûʣΪϢȲ衢ĵط 
УźʶطǲӲ׵˴֮һŷꡢϸ׵ʦȭ¡ 
ׯׯɺ繫ұ鲻ֵ֣Ƿӵĳ 
һǰ׵ˣһҵķн£ǡ;ƽȴĴɡ 
źƷ̫Ⱥ档ķҲȵġȵȴǸݺáڵȲ衣 
𵶵ذԹٵλָ޺⣬ɫ񾲣ƺһλطϵ𣬶赶ŪѣʶЩ䷸Ϊɱɱ 
֣мλǰݻᡣЦⱧȭ񣺡Ϊ 
ҵλпȴȱȲԼɥ°ͷͣҶæûдݹݹ֡ 
ЩǰᣬҲ޵λ˭Ҳ֪źϼȥʮУ֪źĺӦˣ˺˵˵ 
˳֮⣬ȫе㲻áĸԵŭ⣬ֲòסŭڵ 
е㲻ڣ˫ˡǧٸʡС塣 
е㲻ǵ񽭺ϲĸ֣׵ӢеĴЩӢһɵˡ 
ǧ˼깫ŷԶͣȻԸƢ꣬ȸе͡ 
ϵǰѪıɱӹŽϸ磬ն͹ϵ֣ܵ书ͣĺΪɫǧɭɭ˵Ϸ֪֮˸ֵѣָƺûἰϵźţ֪ϵںδ⣿ 
źֻһĬĬŵˣʱ׬ǮʱⱾô⣿ԷĻ⣺ҳĺԸЩҪˣҵּȻǽĺð취֮⣬ȨȺˣƺû취ѡΨһԲõİ취ˣǰǷͬ⣬Ҳ⡣ 
ϵֲԸ̬ȣȷͬͶС 
ǰϧĳͻʶ͵Ը̬ǷˣĳϤ 
ףϵȵ˳ 
ǰ˵һ飬Ҳʶ޷ͣҲΪȵ˳ 
ɫһ䣺֮ĺΪЩʹӢҪҵźûκˡ޷ȵһΪȵͬܺߡ 
Ļ 
ǰǰ˵أֻǰָµ״ 
ȻϷҪ˵ 
áǰ֪ӵΪ֪͵ıо𣿡 
а֮䡭 
ǰ㲻˵ġЦ 
Ϸ򡭡 
ҵĿУаֲ֮ĳЩ϶ġҲ˭˭аֻ϶ʵÿһ˶Ӣ۵ģҲÿһΪʿ˱аħˣԺԵؼԲɱġȵˣβδκˣ³Ҳû;ΪŮҲЩ˿ɱģǿǼȲǿҲǹˣȨ˵ɱɱһ·ģû͵˵ţҲûκ˵أûһ¿ˮûзһ˵͵ƫƫײаô౰޳ܵļ֣ϵѰҲ 
סģ̲סŭ߳ 
ǰ磬ֻһ¶˵Ĺܣôź˵Ѿ̬ȣǿˡ 
̬Ƚ䡣 
֣л˵апǣͷ 
ô˵ģ𡣡˶ˣɱǶɱˣ϶ùɱֻ׽Ҳ׽ˡ˲Ŀ׽ѣˣȥ˸ҶŵԩҲΪԼѩޡô񶾵ֶΣʩչˡ 
֣㲻Ϊڴ֮£㻹ˡ 
֪ǵࡣΪźؽǵİڲͰš 
ǡ 
ź㲻а 
ǧٻդ⣬һ 
ϷҪšǧЦıɱӵţܵʲôıӦ 
δ꣬ʮಽĸУͻȻһĿЦһλӢٷˣһλǧĵŮɡ 
ǧ٣ʲôһ߽һˣ϶ν֮ϲԽΪܣƾʲôվ̫³ֱ޳ܡ 
ǧŭģȻ 
С蹷ǧپȻסʲô 
ԣүվ⣬ŮҲȻЦϹҴƽֱֱ׳ɱɱˣıɱ㾹ۻ˸һǸˡ 
㡭 
˫Ѿ˺üְ¶һǧֵֻʱˣү㣬ɱһҪĽڣ㲻䰵ҾûɱĻ 
ޣֵסǧ١ 
СҲˡ˵һ֪Щ˵Ȼҡ 
үôЦ϶ԷĻҲȫ֪ǵ֪ЩӢǣﵽ׻Щʲô̥Ҫȸһ¡ 
ʲô£ 
˴ӲӢۣӲöԷʩչ־Ļᡣ 
˵ 
ᣬҲðաһʰҾͻ 
ɶ񡭡 
鲻аּ̧֣ 
Ӱһɲû粢һȨǮ 
̧ˣָһɣŻɫĶѴ飬زδը 
Ѿ˲ˣȵ˶ˡ 
еˣԲǮȴǱ̬ȫһ 
㻹лνү˵ԳӸһƣûõĻᡣ 
ס羮ɫ԰ʬףľٲԹˡ 
ǧǰĴмңһλͬһʽĸ˲ߡ 
ߣźͿ͡ 
ȥүɤŸ 
ĵãôˣź֣ȱ衣 
磬㵽ôһ£ү£ûӵƽҵϢΪǻģ㡭 
˵Ҹ˵ĶԹ 
磬ȫˣǡ 
ǱԹۡ 
ʲô硭 
Ҫǲ֣һǡס˵ 
ǹ𣿡 
ģ㲻ãߡ 
ҴԺĻ̻̣һھͽ䱸ɭٴС 
涼լȫֹ黯֣ʵϲܣʤˣǸʧȥģֻܾΪһһ 
ԺȻ˵޴ԺһȺӢۡ 
Ӣȷ࣬ƽϱٵÿÿ࣬ÿиɫ˵ȡ··;ƽʿҲͱȻرͬ벷ҴԺ跨סЩͬȭ 
вһͷȵˣͷ䷢ϲ˼Ȼܾȴд㣬ٲһԼνæµӿϵĿĵء޷ȭڶʹҴҸǷ֮ء 
Ȼв£д󲿷ǡ͡ѣһһ˼磬ȭڣ 
ŰգǵԺƷ̸ӦĶơһŵѾӦŵѾԺ󡭡Ժж˸Ϊĵ£պкα仯˵øɰܹغɲǺġ 
ͥʮλݵλߵƷһɫصؽ̸ 
֪֣ܴܲݰǰʢٲаħһüǰĿ֮һ˼ҲǱ׼ӦµǿУԤĴ㡣Ŀ˲֮⣬书ߵˣǧٸ֡ݲ˵йؽ緢ıʣֿҲԸŵĵԵˣǺʤˣ 
Ŀǰ˵ȺǸЭ֮⣬ȷ޿κΡЦԵķǮڼܶԸ˵ġ 
ôִС 
ôӡ˵һһǵȻѲʤȯҪȥǵƲֵܵ˼ǸϿԷ֣һΪԭ򣬾ָܵǰ֮ǰݴֻزġǰɱǣϲȥˣض⡣һ 
ǵģԽԤɳˣѾõȡ֪ͨˡԵеĵǣǲȥȴ 
ˣȫɫһ䡣 
ԣǱ뼰ΪıϿ֣֡ص˵ǸǾòκι˼ˣκֶζġ 
ԣ޳ֵİ취ȭԽ˵ݴվڰðУپ۶֮ͷǼӡ֤Ѱ𱨸ֹ۹ 
Ҳã׼֡ 
һХŴֱңƺڵˡ 
ƺƻҡҡХ 
һԼͬӳͥ 
Хٿֹ˴̶Ц 
Ժӹܰ˲ԣҲм껨ĵ 
Ժģ˲ҹɫʣĿģɿһŮ˽ң̶Цվмĺ˿С 
ʲôˣˣԳʡңʮһλԴ 
ǡЦΪ̶ң 
ŶĳûϵᾹȻܽӴɱֵ˴ݣͥһ롣һΪźء 
ˣȫɫһ䡣 
ԣǱ뼰ΪıϿ֣֡ص˵ǸǾòκι˼ˣκֶζġ 
ԣ޳ֵİ취ȭԽ˵ݴվڰðУپ۶֮ͷǼӡ֤Ѱ𱨸ֹ۹ 
Ҳã׼֡ 
һХŴֱңƺڵˡ 
ƺƻҡҡХ 
һԼͬӳͥ 
Хٿֹ˴̶Ц 
Ժӹܰ˲ԣҲм껨ĵ 
Ժģ˲ҹɫʣĿģɿһŮ˽ң̶Цվмĺ˿С 
ʲôˣˣԳʡңʮһλԴ 
ǡЦΪ̶ң 
ŶĳûϵᾹȻܽӴɱֵ˴ݣͥһ롣һΪźء 
ǴӲĿ˴򽻵ǺɫȻױүؿǹ𸮣¾к˵ġ 
֮⡭ 
£ϣ㲷үܰ쵽Ӣ;𸮣治֪㲷үŪʲôıơһ뱾Žͷˣ֪ĵϸҹӥӢȻҽ̣ɱŵͬڣ˹ԼƷˣɱ˹šҹӥѡ 
˵ 
㲻ؼڷϣϢ١ɫ㲷үǺڵҹӥѣҹӥ벻ܽ飬ЩˣڸµĴԺУЩˣҲܰ㣬ǧ죬ҹǶԸȵˡųɹˣҹӥȴıɱԵһ£Ǹ°ҹӥ 
ֱѪˣĳʶҹӥ 
ģ 
Ȼ 
ôȵķĿĵؿڣôͣ 
Ƿӵˣġ 
벻һλ߱ޣҲ۾ôǰѣߣ 
Ҹһεʱ䣬¡һҹӥǧӻӱҪȪֵĹƱзӳ´򽻵ڱӭűͷ첻ףһǱᱨʱˡ 
 
Ӱƺգۼʧȥ١ 
ǣµɱ֣Ṧ˵ƥӰȥپ磬إǴûʧܹɱҵ֯УǶģƥɱרҡȥ¿Щ޸еëȻ 
ǵĴ֣ȭԽзе㲻ҹӥ£ô벷йأ 
ֵܸ顣ǰɥ˵ֵܸλ֤¾ֵ޹ء 
Ŀµ֮ô졣ǧ֣ص˵ɱ֣ʹõİͶЩʱ޿˵ģ跨ǳȥһݵð취 
˭֪ҹӥ䣿ʡ 
ܰҹӥܰѹұӽȥ𣿡ЦǴЭͷᶷ־ȫȥӣ 
ԺǻӰСźΰӰ 
λĸޣɱӦĲ¹Уȵ˶һǧźߣֵǡһȺλ߱ĸޡȻּݲȵļСֵǾȻͨɱ֣Ը־Ȼ뵽ɱЭүǵһˣֻ֣һȺ޳ܵСˣҿǡ 
λŭɶ˶ϡ 
һЦӰЦΣʧ١ 
ҴԺĶβһߵ¥ǱһλĴլլ˶٣ЯСȥˣլֻϣ˴¥Ӱޡ 
վڶ¥⣬ԿҴԺĺԺһǡҴԺĺԺһν԰רŮĵطдŮ͵Ĵ 
źҴ¥ݼϣ̬еⲷҴԺĶ޹⣬ҴԺɿƹ˸ 
һۺӰԲԶվݼƮƮŲѰף׺ҲӭƮ 
ź㰲ƺˣҲǡ 
˫˭Ҳкá 
ڵô̲סˡƽ֡ 
ȲҴԺѪɺӡƽ޻ɱ˵ֶ൱׺䡣ֺÿˡƣӸ£Уһܾʡ 
Ҳμӣ 
ֲɵϣΪҪμӣ˵˳͹ˣòųû١ 
ֵסǣȻһ¡ֲˡ 
Сϵܣ˵ԩ˽⡭ 
졭Уټͣ˵ֻƽʮĹͣľʬĿ 
⡭ֲܹҵˡ 
Ǹù˭ 
Ů 
ŮӦáô֪ݺ崸Ůľ𣿡 
⡭ 
ȵλŮѵҲӦãǳ巸أֻԳ巸ǣɱ˷δ㣬˸͵ϮıɱλŮɱô˵˵ѽθ˭ɱ˳ǷǮŵı͵ϮҲñţ 
ϵܣ㲻Ϊаħֹ 
ǰ˵Щ㲻ÿɳĳΪԼֹûйܱԩθڡǼȻΪаΪлɱκһаʿǷɣҲҪɡˣĳȻǻָΪаħȻֶǧټɱңҵȻҲǵУ˫ֻһһ·ߣα˵һ󳵹ûʵķϻ 
ϵܵо޿ɷ顭 
ζ˵ҿҪˡ˵ 
㡭 
㲻͵Ϯ²㡣ڣˣȻͰνϣĳҲ˵ϻ߲ߣ 
ϵܡ 
㲻ߣߡμܿһ 
ʱţĸȫÿһ䴫 
ûһ԰õ 
Ժݶ¢ڣȻĸ֡Ըɱеľֲ˲ڡ 
ҹУͻȻһХһҽУ¹žˤˡ 
Х䣬֪˶ֵˡ 
ǱԺǵڣտԺһӰշɵͭڣӰӰгȻءӰҲһ 
ˣʼˡ 
Ժңе˽žץս׷ȫ䱸Ҳչٵ׷ 
ԺĵؿУΪѶ˷õĿߵСõƹزڵؿڣԵÿãš 
в㣬˱ǡ 
Զƹ¡òΪɫݹɷӢ¶ʣȻ߹֮һ 
Ұ͸¶ٿһҹ򡣡Եú緢һҵѵ˼ޣϣЩ 
ڽأ˵ʶ㣬ҡ֪ôʱ÷ЩЩɫԲȻ򾲴ݣȻâĸ߹绪ڵ˵ν飬˵ʧȥԵķӦ 
Ӧ֪ҵúܣǷչʵĴûᡣһµս伣ĸ޸Ϊһɢɳ 
ˣׯ˻ 
˰סڡħаزϱ˲аһңһͳͬ߻ıЩ£Ҹв֧֣ĬĬؽСʶʱƣʾӲԡ 
跨ȥþͳȥԾ󻼣ԳƵӢۡ 
ҷӱӢۡȻ˵Ұ;㣬㲻ׯȽϣΪǿһ𣿡 
Ȼдͷȴơ 
ɵۻıȷǲԶǺǣЦڱѿ 
˼Ǳʾģ㣬Ȼ񣻶ȣȴ衣ߣΪҸĵ𣿡 
òŮڽƼʻʱ֪ϵҲȫΪˡ 
Σ¡Цܲ˲š书ǡļƣһ۵ıؾǣҶֻ֣һ 
òҪ˵ЩĻߣ׹Ⱪ䡣 
һЦһ̧вԷȥϧѨȴŤһץסϡ 
ŮˣǲȾƳԷơЦ֪ҿǿκ¡ 
Ҳ㡣Ц⼸죬Ѿĵϸֻһǿиɣ־Ļ쵰ֵһģֻǡ 
žž࣬׺ݵ 
㻹Щô˲ֶΣڽѪǿӲҲġ 
Ӵŭһֲסʺһ˺½󡣸ץס½󣬸Ҫ˺ 
飡洫ﵹص 
ôһŵŴ 
Ŵ󿪣վź㡣 
ˣǵźŽϵڣٲң棬ڴɱ䣬ǿ¼ˣ֮ǰҴԺʮλνƨӢۣĲᳬ֮һףȴڵؿ۸һλʧȥֿС£һһҲûе߳ܺѹǲӲЩϲаһһ˲гͷĻ᣿һҲǵ 
㲻ҪؿУ㲻ϣɣ 
һλв𣿡 
ô˵Ӻյ˵ 
Ҷź㳰Ū˵ӢۣĴɷ˵Ҽ١ȨƶռϷʱκӢ۸ӢۡһʧȥȨƹҵͷͻһ档ʹھķĹܱסɵץȥڵġ 
ŵģ㲻Ҫ̫ŭشС 
Ҳ̫ΪҲϣܵ˺ΪҲӢۣΪҶ˺޹Ȥ 
㡭 
㻹·ʱ㲻ƴǣǿһȥΪ˻ȥκ£ҵءڣԴ󷽷ػƽ߳ȥȻƽƽͷŷ 
ҵġ 
ȥĻʣźƿڴ⹷֣Ķˡźڽɱ˷Żʮ꣬ҲǿһȥκҲввҵİȫҲȥֶΡвңҪ㣬ͲģԿòҪԡҸıͷǰӳҵ⣬á 
ȴǲšҧ˵Юŷƶ 
ӰһƷХէ 
һöǮ޷ֱ棬ģǮѪֱ 
ӾС 
һöض۾źɭ˵ҪŪһ飬˵һ 
ץסᣬ˷ڶƵɲǿ϶´컬ѨƣֽԿɻԷӱ̸Уֻǲѣعתޡ 
ӼΪȻľٶ 
´Σñϡ棺ϣ㿼ҺĽ飬ȵȺȣǾ̫ˡ 
ȵ˹ׯһúܿġһһҧ˵ 
Ҽסұضɱ㣬һֶɱЩȺ顣 
ҵ㡣ɭɭ˵ٲߡ 
ǣź¶סš 
ʳ𣿡ӱɫʡ 
Ŷʳôԣźǻֵʡ 
˵ͷ˷¿Դ󷽷ƽ뿪ڶ 
ѽƺﲢûƽľûɣ 
үҲҪմҡУսƻܷߡ 
Ȼ˵ƽ뿪ˡź󷽵˵һԣսƻΪײж񶾣ҲҲϣʳԱšα󣬿ɣ 
ͱ⣬ӳ׺磬ȡźͷȽɶݡ 
ׯׯɺ繫ұǷɺºŵСɽٶ̫죬ǻȡСӼѧԨԴСɽϵ輸ơϴαź䲻ʹһ٣ûлʹСɽлʹˡ 
ź֪һĵϸϵһɲ뿪ԭأ˷ԣסС֫һСɽ䲻ݷӹϱ࣬שǽϡ 
лл㡣ȻʧİҵɷԵ 
Ҳѽźɵطڵ£֪Ƶľַ𣿡 
㡭ȴʣҷ¶ְ㡭 
ûԮҺͲˣһûлأߡȥؿ߱Ͼȫ 
Ͽš 
Ŷղˣңɱ˵ʵؿߵˡ 
ҴԺһµġĪ 
ֵĲֹˣƺĸɱֶˡܻÿڿ⸮ÿƺ⡣ 
ɱǵĹأǾܱ¶棬ܱƴܰɱڰٲ⣬ӽʮŲڡˣֵƮȣէէֳû޳һ߾ḻѣСԲҴԺȴᷢľ 
Ⱥ֪ƶӣ˽õأֵ˱ðϮ 
صķȻҲʧȥȫ밣޷໥Ӧֻ۰Ͱ͵ȴֵ˾ͲŻˡ 
Ѿĸˣһҹ 
Ժ£ɢżʬ壬ȴ᲻ѪζЩȺɱˣȻڵµģûѪܵľ֡ƺδɥ 
Х䣬̶ǣжڴԺгûڵ޷ƣԭȵξ˶ˣȥ֧ԮҲгˣ󲿷ڰµģЩ˵ˣںδ֪˶֡ 
ĸδͻȻһĹХٵĹӰͻȻڶԺɿؽӽһĿҡ 
򣡡źʹĵ 
ƹߵͬʱ 
ӰŴɱ룬ݶ½ 
ڰУ𵯱ը죬̹УߺͰƷХ뼰ߵкš 
Ƭ̣߸ӰгԸٶɢš 
ֶԺҵ߸ǿУȻһҲûˣڵηصˣˡ 
Хɴ䣬ĹӰ 
ãԺˣڳĿһˣһ׶Ժߣ޷ҡƺš 
룬ĻúƵɤŴ˵ 
Ļ˵ģ衣ûдºšǲƺûĻѣҲ֪꣬˵вʮ꣬Ŀ 
Хɣþò˳֡ 
Ļͽ̡ٴ߳ų߳һִһѩէ 
һâбɣ̶Х 
ٷǿһ 
ХҲǿһ 
䣬Ӿ磬Ҳҡ 
󴫳˺ѵĴ̶һУεϽףգۼڰĿ漴ˣȻֲ֧סһöڼһİòߡ 
û˳潲׹ر̸֮š 
죬ХԺݶϣӰվݼϣǹ֡ 
ҴԺΪ𺣡мλӰ̶Ϊڳ԰ȫǽĴ󡣡 
䣬˼ʧ٣ͻȻûʧˡ 
һ磬ƣµɮˣֻмϵĴһǰޡ 
ȣѱ뾡ᡣ˶ô⣬ʿΪ谴׾˷ѵ 
ź㻹ݲᣬҪ߾ȪĿ 
ס޵Ĳڣһλ绪ķοδȬĴƱ޽ܣ԰ѷȻصź㵱 
ź㷴Եе㲻ʱŷֱüͷ 
ƳǵĲͷ쵶٣λòϡ컨׵ˡ 
еˣվȻȻĿӭλ֮ͣźΪģһ 
Ҫ˭źȷǸˣź㡣 
ܡ 
֪㣬쵶ͷźףϣѹԵ 
Ҫʡ 
ʸƨЩ͸ʵġ˵ˣܲͷЩνѣòֵǮ˶׳ʱŲһӢۣɱ˷ŻΪ˻ˡһͷԼ޷죬ִԮѴȦס㲱ףδ̫ϵˡҪôأ˵ĸˣλʮаСǶڷϵġԩֹ𣿷´ӲүĵоȳģǴ˼ҵǧС㣬׽°׷źǹؾصˣܵЩ幷͵Ϯ㼸ҪҲ𣿲Ȼǿزĵװܺɵ׽𣿡 
⡭ 
ܲͷҪϵˣɣɱҹϮҴԺҿ˲ˣүЦôҳҾȷ˭ǲүظôֶΣ޷ӽٵʣܲͷƲЩˣұǵְ𣬵ܲЩ˵£ץЩӢ֮ڷαǵĵ̫ƽˣͱǲЩΪֲˡ 
һλ˫üҰ׵˺һ̤ǰƵ硣 
λСϵ絶üŭ˵˵Щ֪ߵغĻ 
ϼһֹۡǹˣ 
Ϸǹˡ 
ϼ 
Ϸ򡭡 
ޣôðڿԷܲͷڰ참ֵõǹԺ˵˵ܲͷ㲻Ŀϻ쵰𣿡 
ü˱߷߽ӣ˲ͻȻָ̧ռ㣬һϮ߿Ѩ 
һɲǲư벽ָ෽Ƶ룬һˣһһײ˵¡һ˵ıϣǰң޷ 
Ǽݣ˫Ŀڣһ治ܣʧȥӦеķӦ 
Ĵ¼ˣͼˣȭ黨ڱըÿһǻޱȵڼ 
飡ڵ⣬ˡ 
ſڽ࣬һ 
үϵԴúòңλԪҲ˲ôֹڵصģ𣿡 
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Ϸ򡭡 
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ܲͷһսλǱߡҲ˻֣֮󼪡 
ʱһˣһģֵĹˡ 
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Ļ˭Ҫ֣·㡣ȺֱĤɤҲ˵ 
λһϡһѪȵƾղеʮ£һֱδĵΪ£Ҳˣҡ 
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ԡҴ粻ҹ֮ĶԹ£ȴƽղ֡ұˡҴ˵˴Ҫģ˶ϲǰ˶һ˰ˣ磬ϰɣһӦˡ 
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ɳУ֪б䣬û·ԵеǱһͻȻ 
һƥصˤһ˻ڶƥ͵ײˡ 
ȻУƥƥһƥ㼰ʱ·أѳΣ 
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治סڣһ˶ϡδ䣬ѷƵĳϣʷ跢һ̺ƿǰңˡ 
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ۣڷӵҼϣȻּ죬ץСƵĽץס͵Ťӡ 
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ЩأӢһ⡣ 
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Զǣƥ 
עˮڰת 
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⡭һ㶣Ҳֻ֪֪ѱ麣衣 
˵лһȥݷҵ 
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⡭ 
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ȫ꣩ԸǿŮദղһᱬԵ͵ĳͻοգ 
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Զǣƥ 
עˮڰת 
֡ĵ˵㡭ɲ𣿡 
⡭һ㶣Ҳֻ֪֪ѱ麣衣 
˵лһȥݷҵ 
ѽ 
ҵ㡣϶ǳŵ 
⡭ 
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Ӧѷɿˡ 
ڵأĿͷԶȥıӰ 
ɵ硣ȺЦ㲻ɲһֵһŵĴţ 
ȫ꣩
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