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   2031818գƽһ죬ɶеһҽԺȴŲƽϢͻȻǹʵľ죬ԺҽԺΧؾѲţ һЩԱҽԺÿһ䣬ؼװͱϵͳ 
ҽԺŴһĿĵӹ ر𹫸棺 ԭ򣬴Ӽ𣬹ŽԺʱִڣ˼ͱԺԱҪţҾϺ֧־ԱĹŴ˴ηִڽʱ䱾Ժ֪ͨɴ˸ҴĲ㾴λ£ 
ǰΧһѲ˼ϡŹֵĲ²⣬һЩҵԺҪ˽⹫ڸԺرִڵԭ򣬵ȴδõԺȷĽͣЩó绰ߣֵûһŻ˵вɷã 
ҲԲʱԼ߹ľԱϰĵѹָоⲻ˵ģҽԺĹԱҲֺѹҵؽŸԵĹ 
סԺ¥ĹϣĻʿСһװҩƿҺСƳ߱С˵ŻǺǣҿϰ˵λŵҽԺСʲôΣգôྯģҲĸҪСµʱɧңҾǰάأߵСʿز²˵껹˽εǣڳһ´˭ĿЦ飡 
ұߵСʿꡱһЦ˳ҿˣղһʡԺϰѴ绰ңǱҲһģԴһҽԺڸʲôʱִڣҿһͷʲôҪеĳҽԺӲ죬ֲ֪˻ȥļҽԺԲÿҽԺȥˣʱҲ³ˡ 
˵ô£ôྯ˧ע¹еŵģ 
ʱи˲ֽţŵǸɰСʿŵһҲϱߣڸԺ17¥Ĳⲻͣ߶ţֽŵĿŴͦεκ͸վԱŨҵľϢӦǵ 
г·壬żʹƷ˵˼ĽϣЩװɫʣ 
ǰմӲĳ·徭˽ܵϺеϼܲ˱һͻ¹ƾݵֺͻǹ˵ı֣õ˹˾νͬǵۣ¹˲ãϼŶ³ĻŮרְ˾ʴְ·ͬº͹˾쵼Ƽ¶ȱ 
ܼСƷմѧУҵãڸ׵İ£ʼҵһЩԵĹ·ĹҲܼ򵥣Ʒ°࣬ͲμһЩΪӦ꣬𱣻İȫ 
ڱȽף߸ϵĸǧر·еĸһĶ¼·ƴ໤ձס󣬲ɾҩ·ʱҲϲҽİ飬Ʒޱߵİ£ڻˣ԰εȥ 
ϹִĻ֪ºǳڴ֮ǰһҴϰĶ£һֱƷʵ׷ߣ˵ĸ鷢չҲ൱ȶֵһǣƾ侫ĲϺе̽Ѵ˺ܸһ*ǰԵͨҹӣĻĿУ¾ǳΪԼŮĲѡ 
Ʒ·֮İֻӢ۾һʱ嶯µĲûмʵĸ˵·ĳЩȻ㣬ȴ̫ࡣ 
ĻȻ·ƸֹŮƷϵֻȴ͹˼ĸ̶ȡ 
ƷҲ̫˽Լ׵뷨Ըûйİ·ϵϺ󣬸˷ţ·һŸշת˳ɶУúһСͥ־ҪﴳһƬСƵҵҲֻܱԼִĸͬ 
Ʒ˽ǮͱԼ·΢ĻעһС˾ƷѧĹ̹רҵ֪ʶϳ·徫侲ͷԵĿľӪ£С˾ķչƷĶҲĴ 
ʱڴһ˺ʹУһӤ˳·徾Ķʱһ룬ͣضɲΣϲضŲţҪ͸ȥ 
һᣬű˴˿߳һʮŮҽһЩӶԳ·Ʒļ𣿡 
·ϽǵģϹг·塣 
ҽһĵӣ΢ЦŵϲΪ˸ĴСӣ4.2ǳ˳ĸƽڽвԵһᣡ 
·˫֣˷ܵллҽллҽ 
Ůҽ䣬ת߻˲ڣ 
·վڲɵЦţΪ˸ϲƽ侲ӵżȥ 
Щŵصȴһο֪ٴδʱܼԼİź͸ճĶӡ 
ûйõĵȴűٴδ򿪣һ껤ʿһƶ˳ƷЩ㲵͸ҸЦ⡣ 
·첽ǰȥסƷ¶ڱ֣ţ 
Ʒ΢ЦҡҡͷЩˣ˵Ŀǣų·߿ȥĿӴԱװֻ¶ͷֵСһʱ԰ĴȰ֮ɫȻ¶˳ 
·ĽСһﱧֱ֣Ȼ͸ճһСʱĶӿЦǺǣ㲻ҽܣ֪Ҷӳ˾Ÿ£ڼˣ㳤үúõĺȼȥǺǡȻҲῪЦѵã 
Ʒ껤ʿ·ĻһֱЦֺСȴ˯㣬۾˼ûС 
·ԼĶŻʿƶƶصƷԺʱסĲڣ·ڳһֻ·ڴͳϵźߵɫСƣһϸŸѩ֣һ֣ѩֵǿƷŻؿڴһƶ껤ʿʵʿ㣬Ҹ׼ƽƣ㿴ڿɲΪϣ 
껤ʿ΢ЦԵģڵḸĸϲԼճĺӴϸƽϵʱҪŵ̫ȻʱСӵģ 
·ڻʿָСĵؽϵСĲϣͻȻʲôϡ£棡ϵСô£ǳεģ 
⻰ʻʿģڲϵƷȴúûʲôģֻͨĺ룬ֻǸų״ѣСֵˡ 
ʱ껤ʿڵӤճҪӤڽرȽСҰɣںҪӪڳ̫̫ڵʳעڲԱߵĵӹм¼úÿһ°ɣ 
·ЩĽӽ˻ʿ껤ʿӹСȥ 
·ȡͰ׼õļιİŷʳʱ·ѵðһЩûƷ㽫ļ˳ 
йָճرжĵڣʮԱæµպͷŸܹϢİź͵ȡ 
鳤칫ڳŴ̱ǵζ칫ϵ̻Ҹڶͷ 
ձĻж鳤գ46꣬ǳɶɫľ֮һָƻ˸Ѱھš̽ƣ 
ʱȴüͷڰ칫ǰһһķϣɫ͸ǿҵĲɻ 
816320ֿʼйںܱһЩҺܶеҽԺڣ˳Ӥʧ¼ĳкҽԺûеɿѰʧ߶ǸճһܵӤֳҲһ˿Ӽ¼ĿߵĿеõĽ۶ӤͻȻ׵ƾʧһЩڸԼι̵ĸףؿԼĺڻͻȻʧιȥ 
ּһϵеʧ¼ĳһӴа֯Ϊڻܵóǵȷµ֯һϵеж˲˼ġȽƼһϵеİ޴Ӳ 
Щ¼͸źܴ⴦Ϊֻţڵõϼͬ󶼶ϢܵķйҲӵϼָʾרС飬פϽҽԺܵķ 
ͷ󣬽ɵȼһ̡ 
Ȼϣ 
һŮԱһϿ˽鳤8Ӻ5ǰϺкͺеҽԺַӤʧ԰ʱҽԺڶдľԱִڣδõκ 
յĵ㽫Ϸȳȥɣ 
칫űϺص̾ϢһѾ֪ǵڼΰ͵Լİ칫ϣȻϵķûȥЩйŵİ참ʱҰȫȫ룬ڹȫλ֧£ȴûҵһ˿üĿõֻЩûݵļƶϣ 
ǽţЩ£ڸҽԺ޹ӤĳֽǶϿʵһֻֻ͵ԼҪʲô֪ܲ?ܲ? 
պ㽫ϢȥЩиɢԼļԸճӤлӤİȫûϣõϡ 
һĹǵ϶˼˿ƣѹν 
칫ͻȻֱ򿪣ղϽŮԱɫҵĿ첽˽ 
ûʧԤϵʲôಡһ´վδڣŮԱѷɿĵ鳤ˣҽԺ8ӤͻȻʧ٣ʱκзİȫƣڳԱû˿Ҳûеõκ 
첽߳칫ң߽жĵȴӭֿ첽һԱ鳤ղʡԺ6Ӥʧ٣ûеõκ 
նŵȴľԱδҽԺڵľԱӤ֪ܿͨB٣ʼԻվ˳վͳ뱾еĵ·ڽϹܺŲ飻С㽫һ¼ʱϼŻ㱨ԱõĲϸȥδµеһҽԺκҼʱ㱨˵첽˳ȥ 
̶ľųɶеһҽԺķٷɴڳÿͨѶŲϴӵҴĻ㱨šҵڵҽԺǰǴеһҽԺ11ӤʧٵϢ 
ѹֵܣֻεָôץסأ 
һ³վֳԱֱͬʧӤΪеӤҡ 
ֳάĺܺãͷͨѷ̽ʾӤûзֳֵ໤ʿ뾯ԱӤκ˵ָơӡζ 
ǰֳԱѽӵûʿԺгӤеӤڽпʱҲжʮԱΧȫ͸ǽӤܣ 
ȻܵĻӤȴȻʧˣʱڳľԱ˼ȵĿ־ֵ໤ʿͱιȥһʿδѣ 
ֳ㱨ɫǳѿҪ˰ǶʱӤҵļ¼񣬹ۿ 
ӤҺܰûӤĿЩԱ˯㣬ĻʿһӰļ¼ӤͷϵϢڸռ¼һӤϢҪӤЩҵ׽ʱӤͻȻǳƾʧˣСʿֳ棬ûз˹ȥڣӤͬʧ 
Ӥⱻ˵ľԱٵķӳͨάֳιȥĻʿ̧ȥʼֳ̽졭  
ﲻһ⣬ɲǵӰЧͷʵʱļ¼񣬸ղӤʧٵһĻôأʲôĸ߿Ƽ 
ӤʧٵƬη50ٿһ飬Ȼûκη֣һͷƤ飡ѵĻǡ 
·彫ź˯źҲ̫ſڲ˯˹ȥǼȻһ˿Ц⣡ 
ĸЧܺãȻ˿δͻȻһ·循ѹ˿Ȼ˯ţ·Ų߹ȥŴ˿ʱһƬֺͿ޽˶ڡ 
ŵһʿɫŵĵһºԺλº˵漴õԱߡ 
·ЩõԤУɻ˳ȥִ˷š 
պ͸ԺԺ£ɫǳӣǸ·ЩõϢҪ㣬Ҫ̫ղҽԺӤҳӤʧٵ¼ĺҲͬ10Ӥһʧˡ 
·𣬾ʵʧ٣⵽ô£ 
վԱߵսӿڵ侲һ£11ӤڶྯԱļпͻȻĪʧ٣ǵʧְǸģһᾡһĺӺʧӤ븸ĸž۵ģ 
·ܿǿԼ侲ҽԺڶྯ죬ǣ˫ֱֱĶճ֪Ӥʧ٣ 
ձ񿴵ܣֶԳ·Ȼô侲ôеԾĵȲ֪Ӥʧ٣ֻطӤʧ¼ΪԷһפҽԺػֻû뵽 
ܵǳصѹֺƵ·Żҵܹרҵѵܴһȥ𣿡˵ڴĿգϣԼܳΪһԼӾһ 
صĿһ·壬΢΢ĵ˵ͷðɣЩ鳣޷⣬㵽ʱһܡ 
·˵ͷµԺȲҪʧٵţһģõ¿϶Ĵ𸴺ݿȥ 
һ·϶˶û˵ֱӽ·쵽˼ңǶӤҶʧʱļ¼񡭡 
¼ȷûоκμӹ󣬳·뵱ʱһﺮֱðԴϹŸʺţ˸ɵ𣿡 
Ϲ֪˶ʧٵϢƷ˫ۣλԹȥ·ѹԼڵʹ価οҲ޷ʩ 
صӤʧ¼Բϳ֣һֱ820ղֹͣϢûѹסʧӵļ˾ۼҪ˵һЩĵ˴ɿ𣬴ǵĸ 
823գԺʽĵӽݴΪ2031816յ20ڼ䣬һնĲ֯ĶȫҽԺڵĳӤ˵ԣĿǰʧٵӤ3843ƴһЩʧԵӤλʹʧӵĸĸŹң 
ӽð֯ƶԴ˴¼𣬲̸ 
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   һȣܶ±ɽȴ濴һھ޴ȵ׹ľּļʢ滨磬һЩС䲻ͣϷò һɽڵİһɾ޴ˮͬһȵ׵ˮ̶Уˮ̶󣬵̶ˮȴʼ磬Ҳ̶֪ˮȥ˺δ 
ȵ׵мһ鳤20׵ķξʯʯͨںӨȻ澳ҲԵЩ롭 
ھʯּϥ꣬Щȫʮͣ 
ЩҲʵþͱ⴦صУʱǼһ޴ҩˮжɹӶԳΪʹߵġ˿ʼһһΪħ⾫֮ 
ʹڽǹͬʱҲһЩŵ֪ʶ 
ĵɽͶĹĬЩ궼γһֵе˼롣 
ĿУλʹ߾ϵĴڣʹ˵Ļɣһжʹߵİ£ԼˣԼĸĿġ 
ǲ֪滹һ磬֪˶Ǹĸ 
ٲ±ڵײһ޴ɽڣһȻܶһ֪ķԲյͨڶ̬ʯڹӳʮɫѤǳ 
ҲһЩߣȴ˶ѵһ澰ȤһôһͨʯһȻ 
ڵһһԲεĴӣʢѪɫҺ壬صĳӱʹ֮߳ΪѪء 
ҺϿչƯżɫݣÿڶϡɼһŵӰ 
һЩħաѪءڵһЩóҺ⹦ЧԼ塣 
ͻȻһѿֳһ췢Σ겢δݵѵڣڿ쿪֫ƮƮĻ䵽˳رߵƽ̨ϣغûκͣȥ 
˺췢Ŀϴŵа⣬ڻ쳤޳ͦεĳ͸Ŷص˫Ŀ©һЩصĸɫԲһӦеɫһЩ顭 
ֱߵ˹оʯûͣԾںڵʯ̨ϣʯ̨мƽ 
ǰһ˫ۣħ˼Ѹչ˳ȥһ˿˿Լ֮ʯ̨ĺ󾱴ڣ׳컯ħ 
ڼǰһ֣ⷢҲһЩķ֣ 
ħѷǳ˽ħúԣѪǿ⣬ֻܿӶΧĸ֪ûн˼ȥĹܣʱħһƿ׶Σ*÷ǳ 
ǰʯ̨ħȴķһ˿֮Լĺ󾱴ڣٵǿ컯ԼħħҲ˳һЩ죬һֵĹܡ 
ԺֻҪħ˼оͻȻɢȥ˼зΧӰ񶼻ӡԼԺڣԼ񻹿˼֮ε֮ԼٰĹ۲ô 
ʱܺ£ʹߴδἰǳԼⷶΧĶ 
¸ʹߣλʹ߳ҪŻǰ⣬ƽҲӰ 
ַʽħͣطǺ컯š 
죬ħǿ˼쵽Ⱥɽһ˾סСӣкܶ಻֮½йȥۿǵ˵ 
ʼãˣЩֵ˾ȻҪǵеС˺ܶࡣ 
ȻЩ˵Ļܶ඼⣬ƾŶǿĴԺ͹˵˼ܿҲӦһƬܴ磬ҲԼ̫ͬˡ 
Щļͥŷḻʵ 
룬ôˣƵǲˣֵʽԼ͹еʲô˻ŶĿģԼŵĿʲôأ 
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һζϵĴʹһ˿֮ģ˶ǸĸԼ͹ڶǴأ 
ǵĿʲôأ 
ʱ˼ңЩ뷨ԼҲܽܣ뾡Ӵ컹̲סٴʯ̨֮ϣ 
˼зΧֱϴЩܼıԵһСһ˿ʶڣСйȥ 
δü۲쵽СڵʶյһϤĻ棡Ȼ 
֪˭ûħֻǷɿĽ˻أ۾ 
һںڳĿЦ̨˹죬һࡣ 
һɽе궼ڹ̶ģʽ·ħܶڵѪؽ˴˼ٻ˵£̸˵ͽˡ 
ʱȴϲ˵˵Ȼ࣬ҲǺѵˣҲų⣬ر֪һЩ󣬸ʵо 
Ȼӣ߹죡 
߹Щյħ񶼽ҲһҲ֪øʲôҲֻһ˯ˣ 
ЩЦһȻΪԼ⼸˯ 
ȻһЩڴĶħԣ 
ɻ󣬵 
ħʺŵĿԵ 
֣ѵûиоڵûо󾱴һЩֵ 
ûаħֻѪز𣿡 
ûзԼ˼ɢ˳ȥǿԸӦ򿴵ԶĶ֣ 
Ҳûа㵽ڸʲôĻǲ⣬֣ 
ûĻѰ˼ôأһֹʯ̨ϣͬţΪʲôǾͲһأ 
ԵͻȻ֪ˣȻǰ죬ʲôʱֵģһΪ˯أ 
㷢ʲô 
ȻħȻܿ죬ǵøϽʹߺ˲У 
æȵȡ 
бʲô𣿡 
ԣҺЩͬҲħѪһħг 
Ȼǲ֮ɫ˳ħʱ󾱴һЩֵϢҵڣڵħɿһһЩ˼ı仯 
˵￴һֽۣԼ˼кȥµ˳Ӵ¶ϸ˵һ顣 
˵еѹһ˺ܶ࣬ڴĿ죬ϣһЩ⣡ 
Ҳͷ֮ˣǾңΪʲôأ㿴Щʹ߶ûж˵㿴ʲôҲǲһ磬Ҳͬһˣҿǻȸʹ߰ɣ 
ҲԣһЩδ֪ӦҲǺİ 
ֻһʱĹͻЩ˲ܽܶѣҲʹԺ֪ģںαضأ 
ȻɵĶҲôģ´ʹ߳ʱǾͰЩǣҲʹ߻һ͵ģܱҲºõöˣȻǿħǾˣҲ֪ΪʲôĽҲһþУǸģҿĶٽˣ 
ҲĲ룬ĵǺðɣҪʼˣ֪һܸʲô˵ͻȻӲĶס 
⻰΢΢һŹֵĶһۣǸղŶ⻰һЩ¶ȴҲû˵Ա 
ٴνеǸСϣ˵棬ûȥֻ̫࣬ǲͣĿѡ 
ʽǺãʶĴۿεħȴܲͣķǣ 
СǺֵܷݺ͸ֹʩȻйĹ滮СԵôǳ 
緹ʱ䣬µĽʶ͸˼ȥһ˳Է龰ִ˲ƣ 
ʶ͸һЩ徲ʱһվһŵϵСŮסˡ 
λ˵СŮԼʮңεСһԹ龫ֵĴ۾һͷںϸĳһ׵ȹûŮ֮оһĻҪػڵ뷨 
СŮվһߵϣŽ뻻ݶƻ˵ĵݣȴ߶Ȳôһ㣬µĸߵʲͣҡΣûԱߵ˹ȥŮҲŵ 
״ûпǵһһ֮Ů˵ϡ 
ŮоͻȻһû°ɣ 
СŮδվڵϣǿ־ĿܣͻȻɿ˵ڵɳϣһǣµĿ 



 

   ԱҲЩŮе־֣ԼҲǳԾģֻǶָ߷ֱļЩܲˡ ڸȤǸղһĻԼڲַһħ¹ܣȻ壬ʶڱ˵Ժ˵ 
Ϊ֤Ƶڵϵĸߵϣ뿪һ㣬ȻԱƶһ£Ȼˡ 
ɳϵСŮÿ죬ɵҲ죬ȻǺ£һ˫۾Ĵҿ 
ЩŵС㻹𣿡 
СŮôָЩ⣬֪ڵС֮һ㶼ѹס̶ͬȵĿ־塣 
ʶܿ˵ȻֱŮһڰ 
Ůµӣܿ컹̲ס㡭ɻְﰡ 
ɣ֣Һ񶼲ǰɣӦҲˣֻǺЩͬںԶĵطֻʶ㽻 
СŮͻȻһɨղŵĿ־֮ɫЩ˷ܵĵۣԪϣһ! 
ѾɵݸԹ˵ĽŵˣʲôɰһҪȱҽ쿼ԵõһУҪҳٷơԲԣҳһλٷƵİӣҪʯҪܳѾʼˣ 
°Ͷɵ˰ɣôһ׳˵ЩĪĶ̲סСŮϲġλǸȵȵȣĲɣҽˣûְ 
Ů˵֮¶֮е飬صصİɣ֪ɵĹأֻҪĵİʵԸˣҲԱ˵ģ 
С˼ţֵһû˵ӦǸСɰɣɾˣٺ٣ 
ŵԺͽɰɣˣҽѩСѩˣҶôҵġ 
Ϊ֮Ͷʡˣ˵Ȼɸϰ඼ 
ȴԽԡǰСѩϲ֮⣬ȥ 
СѩõȲ龪ֵĴ۾ֳܻһȦɣ㻹𣿡 
ڰ 
ŶҪѧˣ쿼һҪҰòһҼɣȻҿɾͲˡ˵¶һࡣ 
ȻΪССİ֮⣺Ҳ֪ܲܰ㣬ǸѧУԶҸȥɣ̫Զû취ˣҵʶڻֻܵ 
СѩϲĴɳ̫ˣԶ͸һ֣߰ɣ߰ɣҪٵˣɳϵҪȥ 
ʲôͻȻͣ˼ĵȵȣղſ޵ˣҵȥϴתȥ 
Сѩиѧ쳣죬һ·ϲַͣھźá 
ûʲô˵ֻƲĸ󣬸СѩʱҪȷǷڡ 
һСѩѧУһͨСѧϿʱ쵽ˣУҲûʲôͬѧܿ¥Ľҡ 
СѩͬһĿСŮСѩ£Щ˵ôĿʦ࿼׶УôźðҪǿãµ㻨ǮˡһĿСѩ 
СѩصһЦűƱİɣбСڣһжû⣬ʱ㿴ҵľˡ 
Сѩжٽͬһ¶֮ɫ 
Сѩ״Ҳûͣиɰңѵʲô𣿲ʧˡ 
ҲЩЩ֪ʶǹƨͨȻǺСѩһѣô﷨ȴ벻 
Ͽˣʱλ۾ʦһԾ˽ûжĻֱӽԾȥԿʼ 
СѩɿĽԼ˱飬ȻתŴ۾ñʸû޷⴦ʾ𰸣 
ɴ۾⿴˼ʮ飬Ҳûʲôãеѻ𣬲Ҳʵû취 
ЩεĵǸСѩ˵ʵǲⰡס 
Сѩһ֮ɫ䣬λˤ 
գôôеⶼ˵ɶܵ𣿿*ס5555¿ô찡׵Ķû׼ȫСɺģôأҧɡ 
ҿԿдĴ𰸣дЩһҲ֪ĸдǶԵģ 
Сѩھ֮·һƴλ˲ݸֽϣʾȥ͵Ĵ𰸡 
ʱһϲȻ˵㣬׾޵еġ 
СѩİԾֵ͵ЦΪڿԣû׼ᳪ 
ͬǱһһ㶵Ŵͣ 
СѩһС˵־ĿЦӣСͬ˵ɣ˵Сһ׵ģô˰ɣ 
֪ͬƾСѩǾȫģʵڿСѩôıףﲻСѩֳ뻯׼ͶأСѩĻҲͷƲĶԾһͳ 
СѩˣԼҲǻϲоԼҲֶ˵УһЩʵҲ˵ȤȻԼȥֻ̫࣬ϸĵһ¶ѡ 
СѩԺûѧУֱܻͣؼУһĵоһɣ 
һ·ȻͣȷǷţصڿɳɵбƤĵɣɲܵôʲô 
֪ôһʣЦҲǸ߹ҲֻĳЩЩǿ˵㣬֪Ķȴٵģǰ滹и綼֪ 
Сѩ棡Ĳɣʲôطأԭϣ!˵¶˼ı顣 
ͻȻִһ֪ˣһС˵дЩɽɵӣЩ˺񶼲׽ģԣһģˣʦ˽ûн𣿡 
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뵽ʹߴҲûжǵ½иģûжӿǱ㽫еһСѩ˵˳ 
СѩȴǴ󾪣˵ڶʮ꣬СǸ֪ɽУǧң֪ˣξԲģһʮǰʧٵӤǸʲôʹҲǺˣ͵ǷԣǴ˯Ҳǻ֪ʶֻǽҲ֪ʲôĿģ 
ҲһɻСѩ˵Ӥʧô£ 
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һƯУҳķɿ󷭶һת۹һͱ꣬صСѩС 
СѩԴ龰Ǻ棬ȴ̫ȣڿ顭 
ãʹ߽̹ʶ֣ƾϵĴʾҲ⣬ٶȿ飬ʱмй¼Ҳ˴µ˽⣡ 
СѩһɻôͿӶ 
ûлش⣬ЩЩڴصСѩ㻹б˽ϵ֪ʶ 
Сѩ˷ܵĵȻУ 
ߵԼķָһ̫ܵҴСѧڵĿαҶŵģЩ飬쿴ɣ 
СѩľĿУϵһķɳɿ󷭶˺ֻصܣûãϵѱ˸顣 
Сѩ鱾ԼƮзĹεôȣֻǱֿٶҪԼôĿ飬ǻεõһ 
Ĵѯʵɣҿǲ籨ɣһ𵽹ȥʱҲɲǲţֱǣ㿴ôܾǵǼʹǲĵģ 
ǳĳأȻЩ鱾ϵЩֵûɣҲ͸鱾˽⵽磬֪һЩĸĵ 
Сѩ鲻˼ĵǲܵģɽ󣬴ɽȣ˵ͨ˺Щνʹǰ𲻵̫á 
һֽŵСѩһкܶµúúϸһ£ˣһģĺлл㣬֪˺ܶණҵ㲻ҪԱ˽Ҳ֪֪ʲôˡ 
СѩȻʧġŶһദѱⲻܼһ֮飬˫Щ΢΢죬֪ѾˣֻϣܿԼ 
ջħ˫ҪȻȴȻͻȻҲ˫۲Ŀ 
еĪվʵôˣ 
ұúõģԵĸеħղͻȻָоʧˣǰһдô£֣ 
뵽ղŲջħʱѵħħԿ 
һ֣̾ˣѵйأ 
ҲЩ̫׵ĵǵģֻҪħܿħֻص״̬ˣҲ֪ΪʲôͺãЩҪ˵Ҳôźã 
źԼһʯ̨ϵ죬һ˼Ȼ󽫽ϵ֪ʶܽ͹һ£ٵĶ 
˵󾲾Ŀһ𾪣˼죡 
ƾű˶ٵĳ˼άܿ϶ȷʮǰʧٵӤӴĳ֪ʶҲʱԴʹߵĹ˸ı䣬ԴʹߵݵĿĶһЩͲ룬ȻҪ죡 
ɫӵĶܶ벻ף˵Ǹô죿ȥ֪ǲܵģλʹǲʮһֱôᣬûһ˿ı䣬Ӧþд˵ħ֮ǻûҲ֪͵ǹȿڵĽǾͳȥ 
ĵҲʵ벻ǵĿģڵʹ߾ԲˣǸһȺȦĶĿǰӳȥǲܵˣҲ֪ܰ¸ˣʹ֪ľԼԺ˵ 
صҲֻˡ 
˶û˫˫ܵܶڵѪ 
ѪúôĶȫħΪĳ̶Ⱥʾԭħȱǿ̫࣬Ѫܵ˸ǿյѪҲ࣬뾡أñ˿̫ 
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֪Сѩ¸ļʶңŰɨʲôģһҲ⣬⡣ 
Сѩҵĵѧ˺֪ܶʶҲһ 
缼ǸȤûþڿͽ˲СȦڳΪ ɡ 
Сѩʱֿ˻ҵѵķְȫܼҽ̣ĸŹΣ 
Ҳϣܿ 
СѩҪ£õԳԼ˳СѩֱнСÿᡯ˧ 
ӡСѩһƯװϹԼͷǽϣ 
ܿ¹ȥˣ˼϶ǰ˱ʵ𣬲ǵعҲ˸Īľ磬ѷ̫֮Ĳ 
λʹͻȻ֣ǡ޳ʹߺ͡ġʹߣǽȫټ˾ʯǰС㳡ϡ 
λʹ߿ȥǶʮ꣬òţһɫһޱ飬˫Ҳδ˵ľæǾվȴڵ޷ѹָоʹߵĿɨҲЩ΢΢𶯣 
޳ʹߴһָֽϣһ̬ıڵϣض˵ϵÿѡһ֮ԼȥϤһ£ڵѪйķǿԶɽʯϰҲ˶סԺıǮֻʱ䣬ǿʼѡɣ 
ɫû̫仯Կʼǰѡȴźܶʺ룬Ҳҿѯʣǰѡһѳ 
λʹ߼˶ѡû˵ʲôĿɨ˼ͻȻƾʧ 
˼λʹߺ˼ԼЩ޹ľľɽʯ 
ҲٲԵɽʯСĵԼ 
һʱɽľɽʯϣԼѹŽһСڵѪ͸ҲȱȫʩΪǿ̫ࡣ 
İסԼʹֻȱǿһ㡣 
ʱҲȱ˵ǿ̫࣬СĵϤͿԼһñ˿ʲô 
ԼϤͿƺ໥һȻһʯ̸̨ 
ȿڵ˵᲻ǽѵɱ֣ղʹ˵ǱıǮ˵ֻµʱ䣬ָ֪⣡ 
ҿ񣬴ǵõ֪ʶЩɱֶҪôǿʺʹõÿƼǹеźǿ֪ʶͿƼ֪ʶʹҪɱֵĻһǸĶȻ֪ޣܺǿҲܸõΪǰ£ 
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Ҳ벻һȻ̾һˣǶԼλʹ߶ûκ˽⣬µһжǼ룬ȻǺпд˵ħ֮ҲпһЩɣҲ̫࣬ǲһһųֻõȵ˵ºҲʱ׸飡ܾһж󲻼򵥣ǻСһ㣡 
֮˾жҪǶ򶷵ļɺ֮ 
ħʶΧʡĿõȥ 
֮ⷽЧرǶĿƣڶ־벻· 
Ĺ¸޷ȶҲֻ˵ɽڴЩʵĲٿ 
ҲûֹͣħǶ֪ıǮ 
ȻСѩžεĽֻʱΪѵ֮ദʱһЩûиԭֻǳʱʱҪѪؽ 
֪úܽ·Сѩ֪̫Ҳǲ̫Ķѣ 
ºʹ߹Ȼٴγ֣Щѵõǣ޳ġƺλʹͬʱһ֡ 
ùнǧ꼯ȻǾʯԵС㳡λʹ߱Ծʯվǰһ޳˵˴εƽ 
޳۷ŹĿˣЩĵһֱҶûи߹Ŀģһ֪һЩյĿҲֻбѡ˲֪ʮĿľΪ˽ҳ 
ǵʹҲǴǵɽȿʼѾ˵ˡ 
ӽ쿪ʼҽͣѡ˵ʯ̨Ͻо 
ʱûйֻҪǲֶεɱԷ򱻶Էɱֻһ˻˿ԵѪˣȻȴһεľ 
Уֻʣˣ˽һ˵İţ 
ԼԣȻ֪ʶȱЩ˼Թ̻ɽʹ˵κλûɹ޳ʹߵĻҲԶ¶𾪡ãͲĸ顣 
ΪʲôѵĿľΪֹľձɱ 
Ҳǿ֮ǰȻ˺ܶĲ룬û뵽ģ 
ѵô˱ѵʮΪ˲ͣľ 
뷨ܿ񶨣鲻ô򵥵ģҪʣʲô͸ˣ˲һǱ˸֪ļֵǶô 
ɽ֮ûʲô飬˶ѧ֪ܶʶ˼ھ˵ѡֵܣĻ½˷ͬѰ顣 
Ȼ֮ľдȻҲЩͬ飬ԼҲûκΰ취ıʲô 
ʹͬʱʯ̨оǸôأ 
˴ʱͬ뷨Щ־Ļһۡ 
ʹߵ뷨Բҵģȴֲò취ķ 
㳡ϵڶȻȵɻ;֣ҿʣҲ֪ЩʲôǻǿΪҲӦģԼˣԼֺαȥΪʲôأ 
û˳Ĺ㳡ʱƽЩ졣 
ʹҲûٿ˵ĵ˴˼ϽͬѰ˰ţ 
ʹЩ˸ûѡأҲû취飬ΪԼҲûѡأȻɽϵĴڣʱ̶ǣԼֻǱ˰ڲ˵˶ѣ 
˺һᣬʹĿɨˣӽ쿪ʼÿĹ㳡Уδо˶һ¡ 
Ǵ쿪ʼеľʯ̨ϽУδμӾ˸ڴɢ㣬ѹ㳡мó 
ԶʼƶΣܿ㳡Ĵ˳γһʱľ 
ʹٴγ꣬ʯмȥǽеһ 
ʹ߽еЩݣЩ޳ʯȴΪ׳ʵԲԲʱ˶ԼˡͷеЩ־壬ʹߵĻȴΥԼߵ˹㳡м˴ 
õĶһĳҲŽŶԷ֪ôʼ 
޳ʹһӣһŵĽ罫㳡ĵľſڵԺǼסʯ̨ϾʱֻҪ˶ʯ̨ѾʼҪȴͣ꣬ʯϿʼҪվ﷢ 
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͸л֨֨졣 
æηɿĳԱһƣʯĽ紦ʧ 
ʯûͣĽһ 
ٽӲӣһЩĴ 
ʯһɿǰȥһն 
֮µ־ٽбһֻ־ǰһȭ˳ȥ 
ʯʱһȭǰأһѪˣҲûȫһҼ絽ؿڻһѪڡ 
͸ѿ·ӿԿⷭƤ⣬˴Щ׺Ѫð 
Χ۵˷һľУǶпľ𺳣뵽ԼˣЩĿ־壡 
ͷһǰĴѪڣ˫Ŀ죬˲ʹŷʯȥٽͣĿ 
ʯҲ۶Ľҿ 
ȫûи񶷼ɿԵ˷Ӳƴҿţϵ˿ڲͣӣѪȾǴӣǺûʹĸоû˼룬ֻ뽫Էɱ 
ǱѪ컯嶼űȳ˼Ͱٱþòܵ£ʹ˲ҪķɱԵøѪȿɲ 
Χۿ걻ĳ澪ˣöħʹǵ־쳣ᶨҪǳ˿ͿʼŻεˣҲǳŸ𺳣 
ֵ֧±ʯһԴֱͦĵȥ 
ѷֳԴȻŲӣɫԽѪҺѿ˳ 
ʯѪ˫ϴʹڴŴЩ˫ԽųδӸղŵķѹ 
޳λʹһֱޱĿʱѳ޳ʹ߽һӣɢȥ˽硣 
ʹһ絽˳УȥʬĳһʬʱʣĴ 
ȻվŵĺʯܶȥӦȥѪˣ 
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   һߵٲˮ̶ԱɫӵĿʵ㿴ô죿 ָ⣬صĵҳξдʲô飬ҲһǿģھʱֳȱǿܶҲǻı̨ͬоΪʧȥһԺǿˡ 
˽оֻΪǹ͵ĻǺܻܿᱻŵһһ߹ͼֵġʱݡֿԲ 
ΪڽеһξʱҪֳһͬʱҲҪСĵʵԱá 
ڷֱеһξǰԺ󱻰ŵһоֻòһеƴˣ㿴ô 
̾˿˵ɣĿǰΨһİ취ˣʵڲоƴˣƾĿҲܸһЩľϲˣҲʼɣҪñˣ 
˿ʼƷĶƴúֱе㳡δҶԾĽĴ˳ 
ʹ߽г֣⣬˵ҲǺ£װź𾪺ͻֵ̿ıųߵ˳С 
Ķһ꣡ǿ࣬߳һͷһ˫־޽ûжپɫԾģ 
޳ʹ߲ʱչ˷ĽɵĶܼκֻӵӲһľ޽ػ 
˵ľУֻ˳˰벽ȴһѪ岽վΡ 
ʵĲ࣬ȻʵȻȶǿ̫ࡣ 
һĲţ־𽣳˹ȴ޽ǰɿĳüĴֻüĴ̳һСӣ͸ȴѽڽʵϡã 
ĵ˫Ȼ¡ 
ⳡĺܿ죡ȴ˴˸𾪣λʹҲЩݣǿЩ֮ʵӦö󣬴СͱҩϴǲСѡ˵ 
ѪлĶҲֻʺħǿйأһ֪Ӧ֮ˣҲԲֻͽɱԼδˣһħ˹˵ĳɾͣԲ˸ղŵĽ 
λʹ߶һ뷨Ǽµѡ֮һԺúúáչˡһ²У 
޳ʹ߳ȥ˽ȥʬ壬ؿһۣת˵ȥɣԼ˵Ĳ࣡ʯ̨Ͻо˵λʹһʧȥ 
˵ע»صߣҲʼɢȥ˶ȥˣ 
ҲǼϻ۵ˣ֪ħѺгѪѲܵõֻ̫ƴĶϤմ򶷵ļɲܸõھסԼ 
ҶоصڡˣҲѪصİҩ 
ǿɻɱٻһ龰ʱûʲôڿɶеԼΪʲôʱû뵽ķ 
ʱֻϣԼϤǰҪھˣ 
Լһɱû̫ĸо쳣ᶨ־ͳͷԸǴ˲ٺôҲЩӰ죬Ǳƽ˺ܶӦе˼άͳ̫ľҲʹһЩ̼Ȥ 
û˵һˮ̶߶Ҳʯ̨ħˣ˵ע⣬ԺҪСһ㣡 
һߺ켤ҵĶƴһĶõԶ̰Сѩ˼񡭡 
ǸĴڣҲУ 
Ҳֻм֮ôҲ벻ǧ֮²ˢӡ 
ӵڶ쿪ʼÿ춼ĵ˱ʹ߽нȥ 
һֱºűȥһվʯ̨ϵźһĳǽţǿˮ̶ĶƴξһҲûУ 
εľ̫˵㣬ųʱ׼ʹǰ¶һֵӵǰббر˳ȥ 
ֻһӴɳʯ̨ϵȥǰ 
ҵһȴָʯ̨Ͽλʹߴһľϲպʹ໥һۣ΢΢һͷʬʧȥ 
̾ϢһԾʯ̨ɵˮ̶ȶȥˣ 
Ӿһȥˣɽֻʣ˲ǧˣÿ˶ǾһҴߣϦյҲʮ꣬øӳ졣 
Ȼÿˮ̶߶ 
Сѩس߶ˣǿҲ˼ܼĵطɰСŮҲĴ 
ʱʽŻ£ԵøڣѧУڶ 
Щ׷СѩкĪ⵱ȻɵģŮ֮ںСѩԶ̴㾫ݱȾָ 
ټСѩЩ׷߶ӴɫЩкҲ֪ѶˣСѩһЩ߽гˡˮɡš 
СѩΪŲһ鷳ѧϰĺ˳ģÿ¶һµԻǰڵĻ 
Ѿİûļɣһֱϣճۡ 
˶йһξһб׵Ĵӱʹرչˡİеһ˽оǼÿ 
ֹһֻ࣬ʣ˰˰ٶˣǵ˼ѾÿһֻΪͱ֮ã 
ǺֻܿţҲΪǸı䲻ʲô 
Сѩɶ˴ѧԭĵطԶҲûа취ʶˡ 
СѩֲϴѧڼУҲ飬ڸĸѵǿȰ˵Ҳûѡأ 
ǲܶ˵ģҲᱻġ 
֤һȥ͵һʱȥٻؼʱ໨ʱСѩڸĸȥ˳ɶ 
֮ʹߵİ£ͱÿ춼˽һξһʱ䣬һɽȳʹֻʣˡ 
λʹ߶ˣǽͱһеʯ̨ϡ 
ֵλʹ߶û˵ޱľվڵȴʲô 
ʯ̨ϵպܹ죬˵ĸвͬ 
ξñ쳣ߴγŨŨѪϢҲʹ˼ӹ̻ʱЩţû̫뷨 
ʹ߰ŵԥȥܣʱĽֻǶδֳ֪Ȼԣ 
Ӧ׼һǲܽܵ飬Ͳһеʹ߱ѣʱĽҲ⣬Ҳǵ飡 
ʯ̨ĿռͻȻһŤձ˺һڵĴѷ죡 
ȫ΢˴ѷ鲽˳ 
ĿȺͣ͸ϣһɫϲͣӫת˳еޱ 
ˡߡʯ̨վ󣬿еѷҲʧ΢Цȴͱ׶˲ӵĸо 
Ǹով޳λʹæͷڵأ빧ΰλ񡣡 
˼ʹ߶Ҳҵһ´ˣʹǳԲʱܳ񣬿ʲôҲֻнܵķˡ 
վмġ񡯴ĵö񣬶ɣ 
ʹ󾲾վһԡ 
ȴǿҵѹ֣ 
Ȼվмġ񡯴Ⱥ͵Ķ˵֪ǵֱַ죬׺Ƕѡ֮ˣǽҪɵʹˣڸʹʲôǰҵȸ֪һЩ飬˵Ҳǻ᲻̫ףֻҪǵʹԺʲô׵ģ˵΢ЦĿˡ 
ǹȻûѯʵ˼ֽŵɽ⻹࣬Ǻǲͬ˼һ⣬ĶСĸ壬ûлǿ 
Щ๲ͬһƬܴУ类Ϊ򣬶⴦ɽֻǵһССĵطѡ 
ڵ⻹һƬ󵽲˼磬Ϊ棬һŴһЩ 
һЩǿŸеĳǻۣЩǿҲӵƵ̬ǱΪȻˡ 
ȴСȴӵص幹ʹЩྭķչγúʹвϷչġƼڵĵҲǸոѿĿƼûĸţٵķչȥѾûϣˡ 
һЩȴעͽóõǿֱΪ 
ȻͨӵȻǿһʺֺĽȴŴһÿһֻܴ㿪ʼ֮·ǼɾҲԲͬ 
˵̾ϢһɫЩ΢΢仯ֽŵԶǿУһСϵϵϵŸ߼ֱǺǡ 
˵ǿ壬ͬʱҲ࣬ϵȴѹţδܷչԼĳΪūͣһȦţԹʹã 
ĸ߼ֻ࣬ڶûŵķչγ˶ġ඼һΪʥšͳβ쵼£඼ʥŵͽһռԵĽǳ󶼻һЩ100ʱһοˣһЩлᱻʽΪʥŵӣĸߵȼ 
˷չһ̶Ⱥʥɳһĵƾǿǿգ̽ 




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   ȷǣҲһЩҲ˽⵽˺ܶණ ǽǿһϢǺ˶ڶ౻ū۱˲ܵļŭ 
úʥ֯˴ǵ巢Ǽս 
ʱʥŸ߼ӵǳǿᣬʥŵӼڶ࣬ʵҲ൱ 
屾Ҳ໥ݣԶʥŽսⳡս˺ܾãڼʥŴӱѧ˺ܶණһЩռüɣ 
Ͻ˺ܶҲ˸ʥŵӣڽڰˣǵ౻ʥ˶ȾҲ󶼼뵽У 
˵ͣͷʣ¶֮ɫ 
˺һŽŵʱϵجˣаǿ￪ʼƬСϵ 
ЩרȡݳڣΪʳϽԼ֮ʧȥһһƬݻƣܿʥź嶼ֲ𾪣ֹͣ˱˴˵սʼӦУ 
ʵ̫࣬Ҳ̫ǿ嶼ĿԼͬһƬƬıɷɻңʱ׿˳ɼͬ˹ͬУ 
ʵȻ̫࣬ûǱһƵĿǣʣΪʵǿʥ˺֮˱ƵһСĵط֪ʲôˣΨһľߣ뷨Եʹȥ 
Ҳ䲻ףǵٶǿմҲ㲻ٶĹɱ 
ʱʥ֮뵽˴ദѧһΣյǿմŲ󷨣Ҫܴھۼ˺ռ㣬ڵûĿԶͳȥΪûĿ֮꣬˱ͳ֮пǿϵģǴڶ籩۵ȾҴڣҴӿռдıҲΣգ 
Ҳûбİ취ʥ֮Ҵߴɹʶһ˴󡭡 
Ǻ˵ر͵һƽǿУûͣڸƬǿн̽Լһǰ˵ϷһЩ˸߼µȻۼЩߵ֪αʧ٣ʱĵڶĸȴΨһĸǻ 
ֻˣΪγɲõֻҪ컯Ľǵ컯壬Ҳ֮н崫У 
ȫûȥ˼ʣʥ֮ˣԿʼĿȨͬʱʼǽһЩ컯 
ʥڵʵҲֹΪ޷ʹҲֻһ࣡ 
ʱ౾Ͳ࣬ʥ໥֮ԴֿʼһЩƴˣҲ 
ûгãǶ֪ⲻǰ취ȥᱻ𣬾ԼҲп⵽ˣ 
һһʥ˵ƽЭ飬ǾǴӴǶԴһʱΪޣԼĴߣһÿһɳһ߽бȶķĴ߻ʤķʱӵжԵ90%غĿȨʣµ10%֣һڶֱӽ뵽ķչȥֻܰĴߣ 
Эʥż䲻ƽΪͨ컯ĸıһЩĽʽһʱЩ˶ӵмǿǵĴзʽ̫ĲͬʥҪ߾ֻܽһЩһʱҲް취̫ǿĴߣ 
ҪӮƴֻϣãʱʥ֮ʵ̫٣Ƕŵ⣬ûа취֮ҲֻͬЭ飡 
ʱֱʥ壬ڤѪ壬඼ʥΪ塱ڤ֮˳ΪħѪ屻Ѫʥ֮Ҳг 
ʱĵ࣬кܴһݶյʱһЩ컯˸ֵķɫԣҲЩĲͬҲֻе򶫷Ƭϵʥ֮˵ԭ򱣳̬඼ͬСԡ 
䡢Ⱥ͵Ŀ⻺Ĵ˵ɨӦ뵽νġ񡱾ǰʥ֮˰ɡ 
ȻԴ˵֮кܶ಻̫֮Ҳ֪˸Ĵţ 
ȴܶЩȫȻЩ³̫࣬˵Ҳ⣡ 
ЩȴǴǻɣʥӮЭĴеıȶҲǿԵľδķչЩûʲôͬ 
Լ˿Ǹбȶйأֻǲ֪䵱ʲôɫѣ 
ǵЩ뷨Ҳֻܲ˿ұֳװһ˼Ͳ飡 
ûи̫ʱЩ£ֽߵЭȻ˶Ƭؿʼ֮£ 
ǶĴ߱ȶûģҲû֮ȡһʥźܾãһֱûоĶ 
һСʯһʢźҺԲͰһ¼һЩϢƷǵɳǿ̽ʥŵһ˵ĻϵӷЩһƼķУǸһɽϷ˲֪꣬ãڷڵһС̨Ϸֵģ 
һѽ飬ΪΪһΪʥ󷨡书֮õģȴһϣһһ˵ĿƼķС 
ܣʥһֳ书֮źܴĲֱֹͬӿҲֱֻͨĴãֻܴһˡ 
ֻҪ˻ôкǸСʥ֮ۡľʯĺ͡ʥ֮ġԲͰľʧ⹦ôֻҪôоõǿԺٶҲǳ죡 
оʥ֮ۺʥ֮ģȷʵ̺ӴĲصķıСǳأҲʹʥôпΨһлӮȶķ 
ҪʹʥôҲǷǳѣﻹ׷ֱΪ޷𡯡ɡ͡ħ֮׹ҲǸԶĹʥԼ书Ⱦ̫ͼûüߵ 
ҪдбҪͬʱֹ޵һеĳ̶ȣѾֹʲͬʱĬǣͬʱ 
Թܶ෽ûͬʱ޳̸ֹͬޣرħǿ־ԭ񣬲һЩʥ֮͸ġʥħ컯пסͬʱֹԪӤ磬ںΪһɾ͡ħʥ塯ɾħʥܽ뵽ʥ֮۵ڲռУԻáʥľĴУȻٵʥ֮ĴġľУ 
ǾεоͳԣһԿеķҪġ𡢵ħ׹ߣЩ߶㹻ΪһӤСǽʺ;ǿħͬʱʥ֮ģѪأħٲϵǿʣһЩʥ֮ĵ 
ȵǵħ޷ټǿʼʥۣ֮ʯϽоΪǷʥ֮Ͻƴʱսħһľʥ֮յһЩʥ֮ͬʱҲܼĶߵ־ 
ķǲ̣ΪδҲûа취 
иĻоԻøʥ֮ 
ξֻѡ֮˻ʱõġ𡢵ħֹ߻ǽֻҪסˣĶЩֹɣ 
ǽ׷󣬴Լڰǧǰʼڵнɡħֹ֮ЩƻӰͨķչ 
ִռ䣬ֱС硢ɽħ硯ֿռжо֮ΪЩֹﵽһ֮ˣԽ뵽нһǿԼΪǶֱһʥŵӽͳһƣԼЩߣ 
һֱʮǰ˽ǧӤҲǣҲ˵Ҳ֪ˣ 
۷Ź⣬˷֮ɫҲ֪Щʲô 
Ҳǳ⣬Ǹղ뵽Լ봫ƴ֮йأû뵽˿ܾв 
Ȼ˵ɵ֪ûôףȻһ˾͹˺α֮ˣ 
пǵױ̬ѵѾù˺ܶΣֻǰΪս͹ƷʧһЩӤҲȥע⣬ЩҲֻԼ֪ʶͳеѡ 
վ˶ߵĴһӣһзʣ˲ʧ 
һСᣬʯ̨ͻȻһȺˣƾҲֻܿǴԶģֻٶȷǳ֮죡 
Ⱥ˹ʮ̬죬еɷǣеȴаҲׯϵĴͷ 
Щܾеˣ 
䵽ʯ̨Ϻ󶼹Ķλμ񣡡 
мĴһ֣ת׵֪бףɣ㵽ʯ̨мϥ£סĶùܣ 
ûгɵߵʯ̨΢΢˵ͷЩѸٵΧűһԲȦű׵ңң˫ƣ 
ʱ׵γһۿɼ 
ûñ׵üͷĻζԴʲôϼ⿪ʼŤͷϵĺˮͣʱѪ˿ûܷһ 
嶼Դһı仯״ۡǡڶѪ 
ͻȻˡһ죬ͷƿһСԲһɫĹŽ׵Խϳ˳ȥ 
Χߺϵпܷջ˫֣ 
û֧ıȥ 
пһΣգǲ˻Լ˵Ĵʲ̫߰ 
λ¶ϧ֮ɫмġ̾һȥ˱׵ʬϧĵʧȥһλᣬҲʧȥһߣ 
̧ͷֵЩʵҲЩ£ûа취Щ˵ʹ˵껹¶һЩǵĺ顣 
û˵ֽŵ˭죿ɣ 
һ*ˡ 
̲סĿһۣΧŵȦȥ 
ʱͻȻȵ! 




 

   ˼Ҳ֪ȷʵĻĶ࣬ͣ˽ŲȺľ λЩĿȻмλ񿪿ڵɣʲôҪ˵𣿡 
װһ˷֮ɫ֪Լ˵Ľʲô˵¶һڴ֮ɫ 
⣬ҲûΪʲôȻмĴ΢΢ͷðɣ 
ʱһֻж˲׵ 
첽ߵȦ⾭񡯴ʯ̨Ѫûһ˿ 
˫ۣһνѱʥ֮컯˵ħȫ 
λӦ桯һ⣬ͬʱڵ˵ҲǸϲ˵ħҲǿ˵ɣħ͸ʥ֮ 
ϸһ۲죬ڵʥ֮ҲǿҲڵѺ߲£Բһ󣬶޳ÿηص̫󣬲ڲȥ׷̫࣬Ǵʱֻоϲ˼пܳɾħʥ壬Ӷʥ鴫Уܲϲ 
ĸоʮڣȻšؿںСֱγһ 
ȻͣĽڣĴ۳һʵĵСС򲻶ϱ󡭡 
ҲʼЩĪı任û̫Ĳʣ 
ڵСʼΣҲʼޱ䣬ʱʥࡢʱʱа죬ͣı 
־ϵ˿Ҫ˺ѵĸоȴָ֣оôǿңȴҲûԼܵĳ̶ȣ 
ڵСγϢСˣģԼһ޶ 
СС˳ӯ鶯ϢЩΧԭеһƮС£дСȴʥׯϵϢһסСˣϵС˾ֻааݣСΧתڻסСˣ 
СγɺʼԪ񣬲̫СԼԭԽԽ 
С˲ɱĶ뵽Ԫȥ֮Ԫɢ쳣ڸͣתڲž޴ı仯 
ûӿ룬ʱ־ǳѣ˺ѸҲУ֣ô׾˰ɣûʲôʹͦġ 
ǷѾᣬоͻȻ˽ȥæ۾ 
ԼʱѴһصĿռУۿɼʥ֮ﲻ̫ܿԶĵطɫĴһ 
Ӧʥ֮ڵĿռˣǾ˵ԼΣѾȥˣǸʥľĴôأΣʴˡ 
Ȼ˫ȣڵϣǸڿУԼҲЩ棬ΣôȥԼòᱻһ˰ɣ 
쿪˫׼úõоһ¸ôôУһתͷȴǰһС 
һվеɴ˫ۿǸˣȴò̫ʵһ¿Ьӣͷϻ˶ֵɫñӣ 
ʵ벻ͨΪλֵˣΪʲôҲû˵ɵʵʲôˣ 
˺Żعʵļħʥ壬ɹˣ˳ɹˣǸҪˡ 
ûӳڸͻȻƮǰչĿҧʳָԼһԼֺ귢ߵѪģһǰ֮ΪЭ˹ԻΥ˺Ѷ𣡡 
Ϊǲ⣬ӵһۿʹ˫Ŀп˷ͬѰǻۣǲ֮ˣһͷôׯءԿԭ򣬵Ӧþûж⣡ 
Щ뷨תɣ˵Ļ䣬ɫ͵ĽҲ㷢ĵԭ򣬵ڵȫڱУҲһڱ˵İ¶ȹҾûʸˣԲؽԵ棡 
˻ʥ鴫УԺ˶˻ʸ˵ˣ⻰˵úأȴ޷ɣ 
ЩɻĵҶܳɹ޳ħʥеǲ⣬ݹַûлܳɹģ 
˵ûȥ׷ǰǶλĺ壬Ҳûȥѯ̽ԼСɽеľֱ뵽ռ䣬˼нӴºʹ˵֮¶ϸĽ˳ 
Ѷ϶ųǻۺͲҹԲʥšκιϵҲ԰ԼѳЩʥŴĿƣ˵ЩڶʱûԼԼһȫ˽⣬ҲΪûܵԼΡ 
ֱӽԼľЩ⣬Ҳʱ뷨Щж 
Ҳ򵥵һϣʱ˵ǻۿԼ֮£Ҽʥ鴫УԼΪԸͬʱҲԲίԼ 
ɹ˲صģЩνġ񡯲Ӧǲ֪ʥ鴫еʥ鴫ߵǿ󣬷ҲԲȥɾͱˣҽʥ鴫еͻ׵ġ 
΢΢ͷδ˼Ľŵǡ򡯵һѧңһܹϵ԰ƵӴϵ޿ɼ 
չĿƼǵҲǷչĿƼȺ£ÿչǳ죡 
ͨĹͬŬϰʱ䣬ĿƼѷչ˷ǳȽĵزʵ̫Ӵ󣬾㷢չϰ꣬Ƕû̫ⷢչҲֻĸָ߼һЩѡ 
뿪ǰ,ĸϵ۹һϵͬ˹лкܶĸ߼Ȼǿᣬھϰ귢չƼǰҲ㲻ʲôˣҲͳ棡 
ڹУҲһرΪƼǡһȫ˹ĿƼչꡯ֮Ĺͬȫ֧ͬʱҲϵսľԽ 
ƼƼŹĿѧңͬķչͽҲеһԱڿƼϻӵһоԺ 
죬֮һġ˹۹һصʯǳ۲ɿʱֵģ龧ʯ̺ǿ⻹һЩ֮оδ͵ 
о־ʯڲȷһЩʺʹ޷͸ӽȥڼҲ޷뵽֮ 
ҺͼоԱðսʯ˿һ״֣ǻ˺ܴ󹤷Ŵ֣ŵʥ鴫еƷʱصĶɱʥ֮˿Ҫܶ࣡ 
ҿеǳ𾪣ԱۿֻǸµƷһֹģ 
ţûһ˿֮ɫҲûȥѯһЩ֪֮˵ȥġ 
˵̲ס˷ܺͼƷһ书֮ãͻáʥ鴫СĴֻ߱Ҫ׹һ̶ȣܳΪһԽĴڣӵдʱͿռƵǿմԽԼǿκڵ塭 
Խʲôĸ治󡭡 
ҲֻǶʥ鴫һ˶ԣǿҲֻһ߶ѣ 
ʥ鴫еĹؼʵʥ˴ڸġɡħ书׹Ʋ̫ʥ鴫֮˽ʥľ͡ľڸһͨ࣬ϡɡħһֹǲԻúǿǵٶҲǳ죬ɾҲʯϣٶȸĲ 
ʥľһơħľ֮߿ԶʺһΧĿƣ 
ܾȴһ洢ڲıʵĹ߿һ̶ֹڴ棬ߵ彫γΪһĿƶʯ 
˸Щʥ鹦ߣ󣬿ԽĽŴһԺʥ鴫µ಻СཫЩȻеǿһΪǿʵ壡 
Ȼᱣסഴͷչ츳ͽ 
ʥ鴫иǡƼ롮һԿף 
ʥ鴫µ롮еźܴĲͬǶʺǿĲٿغ 
ޡʽзسޡħǿĹŷͬѰĲٿ 
˷ܵԼԴ洢޾ã⹦ȫΪ˷չõĿƼڵģһƼչһ̶ȺԴֻһ֣Ǿʯ 
ʯڵȻӴ󣬵ȡͿƣƼ˺ڵķչǶʯȡ洢õķչǼʼսȫϵս˵ͣˣؿ 
Щ൱𾪣ͬʱҲЩβס˷ܺͼ֮ɫʥ鴫оȻһܣζԼôУԼеһȫµġҲʹʼѹ˶ʮܲ˷ܺ𾪣 
Լ侲һЩⲻ˻ЩĶԻһЩҲ̫ףƼչһ̶ȺʲôҪҪǿ𣿡 
ʲôչһ̶Ⱥ󣬶Ҫǿά֣ÿƼ˵ɣԶڼһͨ绰ҪҲڵһܺͼҲ 
ΪԶͨҪǿһʱ侲ֹռ䣬ռʱ侲ֹ֮ͨԾͣ 
ǼͨһĹⲨǿд䣬ԷҪ˴˵ҲҪϼ꣡ĻͨȻ޷У 
Ƽչһ̶ȺһжСϵϵľΪλͱõռ似Ҫʱ侲ֹռ䲢ʻϢľȷ䣬ͱҪ㹻Ӵ 
ܿĵ˵ͷʵΪʲôҪ˵ǸʲôʯأУʯҪôܻأ 




ڰ ô

   ϵһʣشƼúõķչһܳḶ́ӸտʼıԴõһ򸴺Ԫۡʱٵǹܡϵܺ渡ľۼã ЩʯȣʯһЩϵġۡΧ 
ۡγɺǶԴйأЩԺһ˵ģ 
ϵĴһвʱĿռŤͻҲγϵĵľ޴ 
ЩԽϽһЩգϻγһЩ״̬ʯЩʯԾǾۼЩγ˲֪ľʯۼŷǳӴ 
̺ľҲγʱ͸ֿռԭͬһȭͷСͨʯ̺һС൱Щʯڵȴֱã 
ǺܲÿƣһСỹܲ޴ѣõʯһЩķճд棬ȻٶԴã 
˵˫۷ŹĿֽŵ뿴ܾӦȫԽʯڵյڣǿΪͬʱҲԽ޵Ĵ洢Ƕô˼£ 
˺ҲȻ뵽Ƽ˶ԼڵÿƼƷǸʲô⾰ֶԻΪʲôأЩʥ鴫Ʒȴʥһϵõģ 
ԳĵҲ̫ˣ˽⵽ļغֱĹ޷ͬʱƾŶ徭ȸֹ˽ͶֹķԽ˸ݣǶʹõҲݹóĽǾɹ 
ѵֹǣܼ޳ħʥǰ̬𣬷һжǿյģ 
ҪǷѡ˺Ĳͣ±סǲֻдʥ֮۴㹻ʥ֮УҲԳܶ෽ܴеõһЩʥ֮սħľõĸ࣬ҲԶԶҲͨΪʲôܴʥ֮۴õԴԴϵʥ֮ 
ɻĿһۣҲǲ֮ɫֽŵ֪ĸַвͨҾ취ðս뵽ʥ֮棬Ҳܻôʥ֮޳ɡɡħֹ 
֮뵽һӴϵĿռתݳɹʺܸߣȷеĴ󲿷ּɾȥΪ֪ʧˣЩ类ãõЩĲһˣ֪ʥ鴫еܲȥǿ֪µոпֲܳĴս 
ɲǼ£ƷԶ̴ͣĽпռ䴩ԾһֱһİǿУƬǿҵһ򣬱ڴ˴ͣ 
ûͣ˿ռת֮ܳɹĽʥ֮еƬռ䣬Ҳϲķռʥ֮ûþʹˣҸûа취յһ˿ʥ֮뵽ڣþ취Ҳȥˣ 
ұҺҸŲҴƵ£µĹֹĶȥֱ˵ĵԶֹҲѹʾʱҽռ䵽оŰٶˣ 
Щɻæ͵˲˵ʱ䵥λȻ򣬶к֮ܶǵľΧƺһܵʱ伸࣬ʱ䶼ԱȽͳһȻչ²ֺҲϵҲͬС죬Ҳ֮ 
˽ʥ鴫еǰǺâһɨգ֪ʥ鴫˵Ժѵ˾ĻصѵУ鲻ˬ˻Щʥš񡯵鷳 
׻ΪʵԭҲûйų⣬ҪĳΪϴ󡯶ҪˣȻҲͬˡ 
ͻȻٳɵʵϴĺܺʥ𣿡 
ʵЩãȻʱҲȥ˼ҡҡͷûлش𡭡 
˿ʼôкӦʥŴķǶΪʥ鴫ҲʥͻΪջôеǿҲӦʥл֪жٵĴ񣬸οϻ岻ɲ 
ֻԼһѹסǵǿѳǵвȫչȫµôôչʥ鴫µĿֻеȳȺٽˣ 
ඨ󣬻ֿڶϴûʲôʯӲһռ䣬ýԼؽȥȻ˷־Ͳ̫ˣ 
ԼϵһšֵСȡЦصϺֵֻǮĶˣҲԺ׵⣬ɱҸ㻵ˣ˵꽫˹ȥ 
İɣϴҪǰ㻵ҲҲˣ 
ӹƺһССؿռ䣬ȥ 
˻СƴزϣȻ󰴻ߵķȫħ 
Χռеʥ֮ʱ˷ӳɿ컯˵ħУ˲ռڵʥ֮һ㲻ʣҲͬʱʥ֮ڰϢЩʥ֮ѽǰħȫ컯һԭʼʥԺʥľԼȡתͼǿΪ̶ȡ 
ղֱӻʥľͬʱ⻹ڴʱõʮֲͬȼʥľʮʥľȫȴͬģȫΪԺ󴫳ͨʥ߶ã 
ĽʥջڣһջͻȻˡ䡯һ졭ʯըʣˣ 
̧ȥֻλʥŵġ񡯻ڿУλʹߺ춼⾧ʯıըԶһûͷòǱ 
Ще߶Ӱѱ򷢻ȥˣûжһϲ˷ܵġȥʲôֱܶڵѪطԾȥ 
һȫˡѪءУʥɢ˳ȥѪءҺͣڿӿ 
еڽž޴ı죬ڵϸѪҺɿʧӿڵ 
ûã嶼ɣ˿ڵˮҲɴɣֺƽѪûʲô𣬶Щй治ڵҲһ㣡 
۾ʱġѪءѾɺԣ벻ͨôҺԼôװµģ 
Ȼľֱӻôе⣬ʥľһʮֲͬȼģ 
˸ոջõĴеľΧĿռеʼǿ뵽ڣһɲ֣ʥľɵ忪ʼһЩֵЩֱʥľ컯˴ʥ 
ʥ鴫лǸޱȣԭģרá 
΢ԵĽ¹һ¾ļ̌ȥʹʹ߻춼վܶɫĿԼ 
ղŵĽѵ̫ƮǵǰͶȥһ΢΢ġ㶨û˵ľѯʣ 
λʹߺܿظƽޱ飬Աߣλ춼¶Ϳϲ֮ɫ 
мĴ´ס̬֮ô𣿡 
˵ǣɫЩãȻĴǵģѻʥ鴫УһЩ֮ң 
ŶҪʲô֮㾡˵ĵͷʾ˵еĲ֮ 
һɫģڻôʱõ⻹ЩϢ˵Ҫ⹦ȥͱҪ̬Ҫ˽ϲŭֺͱ롢ϵȸУЩҲ׵ˣҲ֪ôȥ˵װһǵӡ 
Ǿ棬ʥ鹦ֵĺܣôеôѣôкôĻãЩѰ쵽 
ùҲѹ㲻ˣһֱɽг޳Ҳδ֪ʶ㲻õģֻҪȥɽȵһʱʲôˣ 
󾪣ҪȥʲôҲҵô죿ﰵЦٺٿ㼸ϼһﻹϹ 
΢΢Ц㲻£Ӧûʲô˵ģֻҪȥһͨ˵ˣЩΪ෢չ̫죬еԼĴ߱ȶʱٽʥźҲЩ֮㾡Ҫ崫ͻˣ 
˵ȡһиʥֵСƣƳ͸ģǸʥȴģŵɫĹΣȡƺúׯϣĶ¡ 
ЩĹ 
񡯽Ƶݸڿʼʥʽӣʥûνλӵλһƽȣûгױ֣֮ҵֽƣԽ޳ϣԱλһʥŵӣұߵĽߵĽпֱֲҲɳʦ֣ʥҲʥֱӵţ 
ϲĽӹƣȻ󹧾˼룬ǶԼûʲô֮İ 
ֽŶʥŵĽȫ*ˣȥɡħߣƾʥǲߣ㻹ȺһȥͬŰɣ 
ɻϲýΪԤ˳ˣװһ˷ܵĵȳȥʥ鹦һҪΪʥӮô߱ȶ֮ͬ£кܶʱ䣬볤ͬھͳȥ 
ƳϼôΪʥ룬Ҳοľͷͷã˹Ȼûѡˣڵﵽʲô̶ˣôһҲǳһ˿Ҳ֣ 
ŵĶƵϷģʥ鹦ЩŹ֣ҲȷʵǿڵٱȽдǰǿ˼ʮɣֻҪЩʲô̬оԵΪʥӮĴ߱ȶ 
ϺʥŵҲ󾪣ʯ̨ϽʱֳǿģʱӼʮǲʮ̶ˣ⻹ֻǸոջôУԺ󻹵ˣת뵽ѾʥŵӣǴʥŽд߱ȶ֮ˣԽǿ󣬵ʱӮñȶĻԽΪҲе˷ܺͻϲ 
óһָݸǸռţԺõŵģҲһЩԼɣӹӺָʹ֮ 
ָһ£ǣǸ涫Ҳ̫࣬һЩҩǡ𡢵ħһЩû˵ⷨʥ书ˣ 
Ūһ½ָȥҪиӦ 
ûԥͬˣ첻ôأ 
Ƴָʥŵھۼ֮Լͨʥʥŵӽϵķôʹ߻˽ȥ 



ھ ߳ɽ

   һ뼤ѵӵһ˼ڵõͷţԺֵˣ 켤ڰˣǵȻǾţ 
ЦЦ˭˭ڿɺ˵ߣȳȥ˵һҲٴˣ 
ֱӳ˹ȶĽƳȥƬ̼СѩǰסСԶĸɽϣٶȸеԾһԾ£ΪӲϵһ 
ɿĶ˻ʥ鴫еܣ 
㶵Ŀ˿ֿ˿ͻȻЦ 
ʱǳ⣬ִļϣ죬Ҳ˷ޱȣ 
ƽЩһ 
ڵȱҪ˵ʯǿֻǲڶʱκ˵ʱû˺֮ǲȫȥ£ 
ӿڵûʯİǺڱʥŻǰ㹻ǿҪʯڵ˵̫ף 
ŶΪʲô?Щʵ 
ɿصΪʯϵĸž޴籩ҪƵĲɿɴܽ뵽Ծʯпɣ 
ɿ󴬵ĲȴҪõڰװϵһǽʯװǺľήγɵģһ׵Ļʾмֵʮأǿ쳣ĸߣǽʯЩʵľ 
ֻǽʯͬǿȲɵķɴܵסϵĸ籩 
ΪҪչĲֻҪչƼʥ˺ЩԿƼǺ⣬ǿдʽĴչƼȵȥʯʱϾѸʥ߲ƼںϣʱҲ֮ܽ𣡡˵һ֮ɫ 
춼΢΢ͷȻ鼱Ӧõķˡ 
һ˼аЦȻǾͺúõЩǿ! 
ҲյаЦ粻ٰˡ 
ɵĵչƼⷽû⣬Ҫʱ˽ڵĿƼ״һЩϢˣ취ڵϿյǶԽӣԱȡϢҿҪ쵽ʱ䣡 
չĵãɣġ䡯ֵеڵϵʥź壬ñ鷳ȻڲȫԸǣԺҲ֮˵¶ᶨɱ֮ 
˴˷ܣԺĵ涼⡭ 
ҵһɽԿʼ˵ݺϢҲ 
ûбҪ𡢵ħֹרĵľʥľ 
ȴѡħ֮ʥ鴫еֵʮĹһĻ˵ǣұǽ͵ûѡذ 
󣬻Ϣһ𣬻彫Ϣܽ˴ŵ˵һ飬ִ·ͳſƬйܴݿ⣬˵ϣݿģ 
ӹݿЦͬаҿĺڿͣϻжٱݿҲƾ 
Ц׾Ƶ·ԺĳΪװƷˣղŴӿȡʺϳݿ˾ʣµֻ洢ǿˣ˵껹ʹ֮ɫ 
Ц·ܴȥɣǷŵϴĿռղɣֲֵٺ١ 
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˿·ֿԼЦֱú߸еĪ 
װĵϴ㿴˵ͷˣûСӡǿ㿴ҹ˾ºڷ֮ʱϴǲǿʹһ͵´Ҳûװָɽ׵۾˵ϹҪɸ 
ЩЦվһû˵ 
ûκηԣȻЦû⣬˵ɡ 
ҹɽ⻹˵ҹ˾ºڷߣٺڵ죬ǳҲûӰ졣 
ʥ˼ɢ˳ȥʥĿǰ֪Ĺܺǰ컯ħֻ࣬ǿ˺ܶࡣ 
ûãһɫϴĴӶ룬ȵһͻ˵Ľ¡ 
˴򿪰ʼ·һĵϴһףϧˣٺ٣Ժǵƾȫ*ϴˣһЦ 
·˶ͳһװ磬Tţп㡢˶ЬСļףֻɫʽвͬ 
ӻµװóһЩ󣬽֮ĿռУ컻·ûüֵһơ𼣡 
Щ·Сϼװֿ͵͵ģ֤֪⻹һٶ·ڴЩǮҲһҡ 
ЩǮ˵ڶ𴲷ֺһʲôģ⣬˿ɹܲôˣ 
忪ʵϴ㿴ǵһվȥﰡ 
ɫЩ΢΢صȥɶɡ 
һЦĿı飡 
ӰԲεСʯһСһһ㡣 
ϴи飬㿴ϲʣ 
΢Цʲô˵ɣҪϱŸ 
ϴɩһμ棡ܵ׼һɣһĶҲ˼ó֣㿴ܲ˵ŽСʯ˹ȥ 
ҲԣӹСʯЩɵʲôһЩþ˵ʯ˰ɣԿܲ!˵žľ 
һɿʯϴѾȡʯֻһûĲҲûʲôõģ⾧ʯ˵ӦѾԵϵͨ˵ǱʯӲ֪ͨʯٱϣ⾧ʯγһֹ⻪ת澰ľʯҲϡ֮ 
춼¶Ȥֱֵ֮͸ɩӲֳ֮ΪһԾʯ֮˽⣬֪أ뵽һΪƻ 
Ϊƻʵ 
ЩصͷֻҪǽƻʱɩӲܵõһ˹ϵҲܵõһԴʽΪԺչʽ𣡡󽫼ƻ˵һ飬˶ͷ 
ȴıȥɶľ΢һ˼󿪿ڵСѩн£ȥϺɣĻ˵ȻҲȥԣһվȥϺö 
ͻȻɫЩӵصϴȥҼ𣿡 
˼̾˿Ժ޿ɱҪȻǻʥ鴫еĹҲʵԤϣҪҵ˶˵£Щ½ԺȥǣһԱǴЩҪ鷳ǲʱȥҲΪٴδɥ֮ʹ 
ΪȻĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô 
ڶһ˳سվڣ˵ĳûþͱԽԽΧָָ㣬񱻿ϷһĪ 
ʵԼãòʸ˴ǿҵӾͨʵ̫ͻͲˣοһ֣һСسԵøΪۣ 
ľγɵɱϢ֮ĵ㿡˵ľһĵĶظ 
ǾƼεò˵Ѵﵽ̬ǰĹ򻹺ͨڵȴǿе㲻˼飬Ǳһ۾׸оǻۣڱԵôܺ͸ţ͸Ų˼ĸ߹֮ 
أʥ鴫͵͸һַ·ڵԺϢЩаЦ˴һһĸоһһʶ׺͸оһֺȻϢʲô˸еȻ 
ǵԽԽ࣬˸Ͳ֪˿ʲôҲΧȥȭѪ·ĿڶͻģЩ˺û˧磬ǿô죿ִܴ*ܴܲͷϷɹȥɣ˵껹еɹȥĳ嶯 
æСӲҪ 
ʥл飬ܿͼΧǸϽһ⳵վӶȥ̲סӴЦ 
ֱ1000Ԫ˾ֱ˾֣ǰȥ 
ϴεľ飬ǰһƫƧ̵̫۾ñҲ˺ܶࡣǿеˣһ߼ȥȥ˶˸ҲͶǼۣϲس֮һǸΧ￴ġ 
磬˵ϺеĹʻ,»ֱӳרϺ 
ϺлķһķΪеļ֮һ˸Сס׼ʼж 
ȥŲƱֱݸͻ˵ػ490010עͬĺ룬ͬУҲֲ10%ҡʱϴˡЦѡ 
9ңǽĵӵֱҡƵ 
ʥʶܿҡֳھһĹ֤˵ķѻҡʼˡ 
ĲٿҡûĿĺ룡 
ҡȴͲ˵ϣɵϴСôô趨Ľô࣡ѵҡʲô⣡½ûָˣ 
ҡСĻСĸˣЩҲٵģתֲ͵ЦӱǼٵøףȻƱʮǮǸӶˡ 
ڶ죬˴ʮעصȽĲƱǻϲ˲ʹģһڼߺڶߵƷ̵İΧ˿˰ʣµĽ4000ҵĲʽ 




ʮ λ֮

   һļһһֱͣĽֽ֪ĳе۳ʮֺͣԲ컹һܴӲǱõһֵǧĺγǸĿַˣյæ绰سϵ 
绰ĵֵĶԻʵῪ𣿡 
ȻĵҲǮˣܲÿγŶɣڿ룬ɵսܼʻܲῪСС𣡡 
ֿڶʵϴǻǸС𣿡 
㲻˵Ǯ𣿻ȥȥһľƵʲôط˵껹۾¶ܵӣſڴϱŮĦһ 
Կ͵ϺĻݣݺһٱ֤Сʱڰһ˴ 
Ҫȥסžͳʱ˳Ҹ˾ɣ 
Ҳûʲôæ֤ûȥ 
ֵĿŻղŲ˵ῪΪʲôҪǸĸ˾ 
ȻûʲôЦݵصҿȻû⣬ûղܿ·ܲÿݵĴԺתưɣ 
ֵ˵ôҲǸѧңôҵ˾أ 
죺 
ǵȶ߽˱ݣ̨˹ȥ 
λɰķԱMMѾˣⲻҵôģ֪ҽױûá 
С㣬Ҷһ·䣡΢ЦǰλMM 
Ļ˺Ŵоѹ 
Ҫʲôķ䣿һ˺ڵ 
ŽӿڵȻͳ׷㿴ǵסƷ𣿡˵껹аЦŶMMգգ۾ûѻ˹ߡ 
MMΰİǰס顯Ŀ˵ıӰݿڶȥ 
Сʱ˾˹һйĳƺγڵɫͣѹؼʽĸЧŵʹʱٴﵽ400ϣĿǰǿһᡯݡ 
˾˴˶٣ǸȥС̽˵˾֣ǿմӲãΪкĳʻɣʵڹ˾רŰͳ˼˾ͽƼҲ˳˵ıڣ 
˶Գ˶⣬ûжĸβ˾֣ǿ˸ڣ֪ôߵһ𣬶нһ£Ѵ֪ΪӦǸǺƷ뷨ر˶Ըյ˴˿ûпϲ֮ɫԷһȻ֣ǿҲⲻһЩ죡 
ߺĶ˵λϰ񶼲ǱˣҲסݣֻΪǵʻԱ뿪ϺΪֹĿǰ뿪УµĹϰԤˣҲٸ 
֪ιʣ֣ǿʸеУ֣ǿҲϲĻ΢ЦֵȷʵǱˣԺҲһססһҲ㣬ڴ棬㲻ö˵ǻῼǵģ 
˵ֽԼ켰ܸʶ 
֣ǿͷû˵ʲôҲЩ뷨 
ʱѾ磬˱ʳ˼̻𣬵ڶһ֣ǿֻáΪѡڱڵĲ˶٣˭֪˳ζ󣬻廹ã쾹Ȼ֣ǿĿɿڴ֮ºֲ 
ʳ󣬸һ׶صϵͳرȥʣЩĶûбգǱֽ˻Ԫأ˳ȥǸ޵׶͵˷ʳ 
ֻܿʣһĿӣһĨпǰɽͲ˵ˣȻû뵽ҪһЩζֻʧܰԺһҪʧȫɽ亣ζĻ档 
ҲΪȻ͵ͷ֣ǿĿ˿ûие˼ĽзԱӴµһϯһ˲һƷ 
֣ǿʵڻһһ㶵ģҲ벻ͨôܳôġ 
˱ݣͻġǳ֣ǿҵһУ 
ſڵһѯʱ㽫˽ȥδͣȣеĳѽӵͨӭ˳ 
еɲôãųǽôҲǸСɫɣúúýӴһ²У 
Ǹ΢ֵˣϹְҵԵЦݣ³æòλãеĽӴžʲôΪЧ͵𣿡 
΢ЦãžҽԵλֵܣίйһƷƷȽϹأϣе߸ϸ̸ 
žһɺû⣬λȸҵӴò裬붮³ϵҪƷʹżֵҲ³㱨˵Žǰһӭ 
߱΢ЦžֻǶ³ƷɹͿԻһϵĴˣĵ˵ɡ 
²ֹžһ𾪵ͣ˽Ų֣ǿҲŵ̧ͷһƷеõһĴƷǺڻǼֵʲôôߵļֵһʱ벻ͨ 
Ȼ΢Цòˣһͻ֪ģ 
žֱӽӭ˽Ӵľ칫ңûȶãʮ߶򳡵ϰѷɳϻء 
ϰǸʮˣһ˿۾һֵǺãеϰ壬ɣøλõˣǲ˼ 
ǿһ⣬ʼѯƷ֮£ 
΢΢һЦϰ˽ݵĴϣƹϡ˵·ڴȥ 
ʱƷ࣬ԵžȥصƺֶĵƷӦİɣֶбտ⽻ӱȽϰȫʵ˴ϡ鲻Ҳɣһ׬ 
ƵĶĴٹϵƺڱ÷ǳڰ칫һرƵġ 
žʯǰĴ˿ 
һλðĹ⻪Ĵ˳ľʯһɶʵӫⲻͣתãɢȥѤһ 
ͻ⣬˶óˣžǲûѿˮ 
ɼĵҼƯ߲飬֮ɫʲǾֹģǲͣתã޼֮޼֮ 
ʱͻȻƽزڵӵļֵԶֹˣӲǽʯٱϣ˵ڵӲĶ滹̺һԲһžͺ˵ըͷŵͣһţίйнһԴһϴ˵ģϰ͸۰ɣ 
ɲˤ̲סֿܣ 
һھ;ԼʧԣŵĻĲùˣΪ˹⻹о޴оֵЩһȨǰ߾ͲֹһЩǮˣܺܶҲ᲻ϧ۵Ľ֮㵽֣ҿ۸Ӧڰ𣡡ڵԪһΪ1:3.7ң 
صĵǰǱҪȨӽм߼棬⻹һӵ֣ 
΢Цջֵ汲һʯУ¼Ҫʽ뵽óǰǶйһЩʽļȻڶǰȨٴνмһģҲû֣ϰ͸ȡһɣ˵Ȼ΢Цɡ 
˵ֱ˼飬תһ룬ҲֻܽЩܽεԣҪΪ֮ȡ֣е˷ܣ֪һǸ䶯Ĵ£ӵҲԶ˵УΪ֮ˡ 
ž֣ǿҲ˷ܵĿ 
Ĵ˫֣ҲûУ˺һŴѯʵ߲ʹξһͽСλ֮ɣ 
ЦֵãֲԺͽλ֮ɡ 
Ҳ൱׷״ͷɿƮˡ 
ݶɵίйΪһԵĹᣬεϣ֪ʢװӵʱҶһεǽó3%ΪеĻرһзǳеǿ۳205243գϣ¸15վᣬ⻹ܶݱܣ 
һ¶˿ϲ֮ɫǾȻó3%ΪرԼеã¿ɷˣұԼ벻Ѱ͵Ц 
ͬʱǿ콫öĺãҪѼӷԼɾֻܿޱˡ 
ɫ֪ʲôʱǩίЭƽƷҲ׼ǩԼʽ⻹صλֳй֤˵ڴĿ±˸̫˵ǿ֮Ļ 
ЦҪʲôӰȻ˾Ͷðɣʲô֮¾ˣαô鷳 
ɴϲվ̫ˣλԵһᣡתͷžԸ˼ 
žɿĽ͵ƴ򿪺ŶȥӦȥ׼ȥˣ 
ֵ֪׼ʲôʱƽƷѡ񽫡λ֮ǡеıտ⣬ҲԷŵбտڣ 
ҸղŲ˵ھͰҽˣ¡˵ŽͨСʯһɡ 
ɵɴ۾ҽ£ĵ⡭ɲа㽫λ֮顯ڵıտ⣬Ҳ˫ͬòر룬⻹Ҫֳ¼˫ܵģȫ㣡˵켱ˣ治һĺǰĺãȻҪһʲôʧҲⲻһƤ 
΢ЦŽ˻ȥҪһȴͻȻǰ龰ŵ֣ǿҲͻһվɴ˫ۣһ־Ŀǰ龰ŽȥѼûˡ 



ʮһ ټѩ

   ԭջֺȴûջڿУɢ΢΢Ĺâ Ц£ֻǸ칦ܶѣ˵ʵҲǴϵģأЩͲ˭ˣȻиɣ 
˵칦ܣ֣ǿ˲ȻЩĹȻûҲˣѧ֤ʵЩȷʵڣԼֺαشСأǶЩ˼ĶЦЦ 
һۣȻҲܹأԺúúһ¡칦ܡѴɡ 
֣ǿݺݵĶǰӣû˾£еֵֻľ棬Ȼ칦ܣǲ˼飬Ӿ͸Ҳɲǲš 
˶ϰҲûʲôӦڵ˵ϰ壬콫ɻϴģ뿴ûؼȥɣ˵ĺҲô¡ 
ɽ̫ľ棬Ҳû˵ʲôĽ 
Աߵ֣ǿʱǶ10עƱصȽһ£òҲ칦ܸİɣԽԽ񣬴Źֵֹ۹⳯ͻ忴ȥ 
忴ʱ룬Ȼûʲôµòá㡯֮㡯ģҲ칦ܣЦЦ˵Żװǫ֣ǿ˹֣ĻȻҲܱ˵һ˵ 
֣ǿһ㶺ȻҲǶһĶһ칦ܵҲûʲôְɣǸӦҲôһ֣ЩԺΪղžȻ뷨㡯ˡ 
˻֣ǿ˵Ļ˵ʲô˼Ҳȥ²Щ˵ĹǲǸԼϸȥ 
˽ɵ˼䣬ûãžص˰칫ңҲίһݸЭ飬ݺԼһʽݣֱݸɺ 
ſ˿Ҳûʲôž鷳ž֧ɣҿݺԼܲ! 
žæͳһ֧ʵݸɼԺԼ⣬žͶȥһҲɿǩ֡ 
žˣԼĽҲ̫ٵˡ 
ǩԼȥ֪ǶǷǳˣҲûžһͳ˴Ųŷȥ 
صݺ춼ûʲô¿ɸɣ˹ 
Ǹѧ񣬸ǸֻҪһϾԽŸּݣΪĿ׼ 
صԼķ䲢շԱҪӺɴʥ˼зɿɢ˳ȥҲɶȥ 
ʵճɽȲþѾڳɶһУҵСѩӰȴûиСѩԼĵֻûʱȥ͵͵ѣҲܿѧУڵĽҵСѩ 
ʱСѩ˲٣һëͷϵ΢΢գ 
ڵСѩǰףҲЩУĽ¿㽫õǿҵĳ˳Ҳ̲סЩʳָ󶯵ĸо 
վŸʻ˧ˣòȻЩȲ˺ܶ࣬ͨмҲŮɱּˡ 
˼Сѩʱ˲٣ŵ΢Цǰȥ 
ʻСѩȥĵСѩ⻨͸ģϣϲⲻ֪ûһȱȣ 
Сѩֽӹʻĵлл㣬̫ͬѧ治˼ҽûգҲԺҪһˣ˵ҲŮѵġ 
̫Щûһ˿ףĵСѩӦ֪ԴȥϺȫУϼҾͱò͸ŵ԰εİ㣬Ҳתѧôʱˣ㲻ҵ򶯣Ͳܸһ˿Ļ𣿡 
СѩҲ൱ߵȻĵ̫ͬѧҺõŮӶǣαؿأ͸߹㣬ǾԲܵģѾˣҲֻһˣ⣬Ҿκ˸һ˿ģ 
̫˺Щĵ㲻ƭˣֻҵĽڶѣڴѧʱûйѣǰѧʱҲûκйرĽӴ˵ƾ̫Ĳܺͼѵ𣿡 
Сѩеˣ̫޳ܣȻңǻͨѵģڿԺѶûˣ⻨ûȥɣԺҪң˵ŽʻԵС̨һţҪתȥ 
̫ЩˣԼЩôǰ˵أûжһסСѩСۣ׼ʲô 
СѩҲû뵽һȻֱԼֱۣæѣ˶ûü˵ͻȻһֻ֪Ĵ̫ͣıǼϣβĴ׳ 
̫һҪǱһ£ԼıӺӿҲûʲôˣ͵ĽԴһȥ 
侭һȣ˿ȥ̫һͣ£䵽ıǼϣ̫ףȻСѩǰʧӵ˫һӣûа취Ҫȥ 
ߵСѩѾʲôΪ̫ϤˣЩ˷ܵĽһԹ龫ֵĿɨһ̫ͨĵСɣ֪ˣ˵ٲ˵ҾͿ޸㿴˵껹˫һ죬ۿѰˮʱܻ 
ԸɱֽҲ֪زסˣæСѩڵСѩԣޡޣҲǸȥҸû˵ĵط˵ 
Сѩͷ첽ȥˮҲͻȻʧ٣̾书񣡣 
̫һĪСѩȻûԼˣҲֵĽȻСѩһ,Ͳ֪ȥˣ*Ҳʹ߰ɣ 
СģСѩСɧҷǰŪϴɣ 
˵ֻ꣬ӰͻȻ֣̫ǼܵĽӴһºյķ˳ȥ 
ֻһ˵ĲҽУ̫űӳҽҷɱȥ 
ʰ̫æ׷Сѩȥһꡯ̲סۡһ˳ܲСѩڽгġ 
ԭʱСѩ׼·սѵӴ𱬵澰Ȼֱ¶˳ȴֱաꡯײ˸ţãԴķʽڣȻѪ龰ġ 
СѩһУǿƵĽԼɿĽµ·ǰˮղѾǾ֮壬ôסأ 
Сɣɫǣôܽ͵һ·55555˼ʲô㿴555 
æ͵ǸСѩҿɲǹİղҰǸ̫Ϊ˵ͽˣãҽļʱԣҽʱ䣬ҸõȻٽġǸСѩͲҪٿ˰ɣ 
Сѩһ취ûУֵֻĵҲɫǣȥңҪٽ͵ңԺͲˣ 
ؿڡĵžž죬֤ԼϳȥҾԲ͵ 
СѩСĽɡȷѳȥˣֽŻ· 
ʱǲѾȥֻܾ֪ˣҲˮǴʱĸͱˮûˡ 
Сѩ·ɿܻԼĵңʵСѩƽؼסģֻʱϢõġ 
Сѩһ׽ɫȹ*Сϣɫǣô˵ 
СѩҰɣеҺǸɫƵģʵ̿ˮĻζŸղŹ͵ġ澰 
СѩСԭˣңôûңûҰִôԶҵңһΪԶأȥҰΪչҶ˳ɶϼҵķҲ˱ˣҷżʱȥûңĺҲˣ˵һҪ޳Ŀ 
æİɣǺܿˣԺ˭ҲٽǷֿ 
СѩóŰ۵˫ŴӴɣһ̫ˣζһֱһ졭˵仹Сһڵذϲͣ 
ܸܵСѩǷ飬̲סģҼǵ¸18գ20죬һǰΪףգΪһ㾪ϲ 
̲סھȥСѩΪСѩ¸̵Ļ䣬Ǵס뷨 
Сѩ˫ϴʵʲôﶼҪģֻҪѩգǾյˣɲƭңʱһҪ 
ǺЦȻҪʲôʱƭСѩˣǰҲ᳣ǰߵģҪ㣬ҾôƨɣǸ̫ڵıӦúпͷɣٺ! 
Сѩ˺ܾò֤Ժջ 
඼ڱ 
ȴֻ˺ʱרעʱ򶼽˼ŵԼоȥˣ 
ɿæˣǩԼڶ죬ǰȥҵһԵȨԡλ֮顯ȫķͼ⣡ó˱ȵʱ˵ĽɱЩŵҲ䶨 
һȫ֤ʵ͵£ɽںڰĵĶšλ֮顯ƬһЩ¼ͬЩ˼Խȫ緶Χڹ˳ȥͬʱƣΪλ֮顯ӽ515Ϻġĳнй 
ЩϢһ󣬸ͲҪȥʲôϵĸýʼԴ·ıϸϡŹֵļʹ˵Źϵһ顯صɫʣ 
һʱ䡮λ֮顯ƬϵߵͼƬλ֮顯ĸҲ˱˸ִ񻰹£ڡλ֮顯֪б 
ʵĴĳ޸һЩȨʼж 
ɳ˴̽ӣع뵽ϺУʼӵе飬˳ֵ̽Ͷ 
൱ٵϺͻȻ֮ҲϺĸݡƵڶѳݺݵ׬һѡ 
ҲǹֵģӲûκ˵ݣ쿴еԱҲеһطЩԱõһʽҲֵù졮ӡ 
ĵĶҲȷʵ̫һ㣬йҲɳ˴ֲӣкɱܵıԱﲻʧ 
һССҪȴеΪѣϣáλ֮顯쵼˼һ棡 
˴εùôչҲЩⲻȥû֮ϢתҲû취ˣ 
ǣû˿ԥĴӦ쵼Ҫʵףڵй쵼ǳ£Ҳ޻ֺαƳأ 
ɴϲ֮æǱϵܿ춨˼ʱ䣡 
ڵڶ죬Ǳɳר£˱һ»أ 
ǣڻڵľȻڵĹԺλй񰮴쵼Сѩ鱾ҲλйһЩ˽⣬γɹǿĸ 
˸תȥվȻʾ 
ȥ50꣬һ֮󾲾վޱġڡ 
ҲĲʴͣ΢ЦĿڵ֪˰֮˵ĵطӦҲһˣ 
Ǻǣˣ˵ʵڵģҵĿǰΪֹҲֻǸ¶ȻҵĸܿܶΪһЩ֮ڻȥѰǡĴ 
΢΢ͷɲȥЩ˽¹ѯʣЦʵԼĿģҲܲµһЩ֪˵һλ֮顯أ˵΢ЦĿش 
֪ôһʣóһݹȥҿӳ˱ȡλ֮顯Щȫͬ 
ɵĽӹϸϸĹۿһᣬϴǾ֮̾ɫȴܿظ΢Ц˵Щ˼ԣӱĹͼֵԣҲһ亱е챦ֻû뵽Ȼ֮࣡˵ֶ͸ȥѯʵ 
Ц˵ʵЦӱ׼Ůѹʱ͸ίλ֮顯ĿֻΪ˶֪֮ʱҽ͸ŮʱҲһЩľϲ 
һ㶣תʧЦǺǣ벻ȫΪ֮ġλ֮顯ȻֻһĳƷѣΪİ֮˿డشɲǺ⣬ⲻҪ֪£ȻѯʵĿ 
˼˿ԵλڣɫӺһ𶯵Ĺ£»ԺԶӰ죬֪ǲʺｫ˵ 
ָûпǵĵöǣλǹ߰ȫҵؼ˱⣬ǲκȤģĹ²ֱ˵ˣ 
е˿΢֮⣬ûĺǺЦ֪һ˵ĸ񻰴˵ʲô 
ʳЩĪЩ⣬Ҳ֪޹ʵ˵Щһ˼ЩֻǴ˵ѣרŵܻео˵Ĵѵõ֤ʵЩ񻰴˵ҲǴڵݣЩȴܵõѧָ֤֪⣿ 
ӦûǵöʮһǰֵĳӤʧ¼ɣҾǵʧٵӤһǺǣҾȻǱ͵ȥģȴһǳǿƼеĲֻѣ 
ЩˣĿǰıλĿų̶ȣ 
ĸҲЩ΢΢üë˵ĻĿʯ쾪ݣһ˿ʥĸͻȻԶûһ͵һȥ״󾪵վ 
ûѯæվǸĵԲǽ˵ĻֱӰ쵽δˣȻҲǵҳϣ¹ϵʵ̫ʵ̫֪£ 
ľޱҲܺܿĻظǿѹסڵˣ⾿ʲô˼ԽеĪ⣬ȻѵؼͬʱĻԹȥǵйɱѵˣǻˣڶղ˵Ļ˼֡ 



ʮ 

   ҲԼϣصĽԼ֮ѡĶ˵˳ ڼδվضɲΪӶĳϲϸҲĲ٣ 
ֱ˵ɫصص˵̫֮˼һʱԽܣз֤һղ˵֮ʵ𣿡 
һĿɿڴңŴ˻ڵǵӣлƵֱһƵ̨ͣ 
ʱĽĿֱձ࡮ɽڶһǡΰǸʲô硯 
Ƶ΢ЦŶƾڵڴ˴κһͨ˵뿴ڵĽĿøôһƥǣᰴҪ 
ǿѹסһޱ߿ȤصǾһ뿴ƤǸʲôԣ 
ҲΪ൱ܿ콫˼ɢ˳ȥ˵ĽĿֳҲЩ˹Ӽߺ͵񻰣ֱӶԻڵϿݲѵġɽڶһǡ˲ٿأ 
˵ġһǡݵ𾢣ͻȻԼʧȥ˿˼άȴǳ 
ֳ˺ȫڷ֡һǡɫվɧƵŤƨɣɿĽϵͳѵ˳ȥ¶һ׳ļ⡯Ŀɿڴ֮ȥеĿӣֻ˫ƤЬϵ˲̫Ź۵ġ衯һѼ߷ƵĶСÿ֮дʱ롮ǡһ֮˲ŷӳæ·סһǡȥ 
ĿѴﵽջ΢ЦĿ 
һֱšӽĿĿճһ̬ķĴЦ˳۹ôߴߴᣬ벻ȻҲн죬Ϊȫѱһ,ҲΪ֮ˣ˵ǼЦ 
һһ㶵ģҲ˿˰ɣΣҲС 
ȻŨŨЦǺǣЦˣ治Ժû»ǶȥǱתתͬҲǴĹ° 
ʵղŵʧֻ̬Ϊ˷йһǿҵѹֺ𺳶ѣڸоﻹ泩˺ܶ࣡ 
漴ɫһҶղ˵֮»к֮ܶҲӦò֮ԣ˵ڵӦûʲô첻£ûбҪµĶҽһЩνƭֻǲ֪Ժʲô㣿ʥһЩС𣿻Լͳһ˵ʥ鴫µĿأ 
΢Цˣ˵ҲʥŰڲ˵ܺ߶ѣһЩ֮ʣҿȥʱˣԼΪʲô֪ҶϲȥνʥšδˣҲῴŵ౻ЩߣŪͰڲģ 
Ϊأ 
ҼȻһʥ鴫Уͱ踺ʥ鴫µʹҵʹڵϵķչҲΥֻʹķչͽջͳһһȨ֮£ǱȻ֮£ͳ߲һңҵʹǴжͳΣ˵ˣҪе棬ڵĵֻһССѣ 
˵̧ۿϵصô˵ҲйˣϣҵĹܸṩһЩкܶණϣɹзչҸˣҲֻǲʥź巢ǰӵп࿹ʵ 
ף˵ĻǶԺйжôԶӰ죡ҲЩʵҳӤʧ¼ܶ϶Լһйأ 
ϵȡµݸ뿴ҴСŵģӦҸճʱΪиĵġ֣Ӧй֮ҲĹһЩ,֪20ǰйһЩΪԼӴƽƵϰף 
ƺȻǰЩҲ֪ҲֻǺ 
˵óղӽǺǣԼĿıҪһЩ֮£ԭλ֮顯֮ǰоգڿѾûʲôҪˣǺǣЩž֮˿ܾιͷ,Ҳ벻ԼҪϡֻ֮Ǳӵѣ 
⻰ȴ˵Щ˼ˣó˻̶ܴЩҽ⳰˼Ҳûȥ˵ʲô鶼Ѿ˻ʲô˵أ 
̾ϢһĸҴ̫𾪣Ҳֻ֮˽⵽˾Ƕô㣡˵һ෢չһҿǸɣҽʵûǵ̸ȥˡҵûȥЩλ쵼˻㱨һ£ȥϢǽٴξһյĻ⣡ 
ĵ˵ͷԵھ˹ 
ѹԼڵϣסŵʵû°ɣǷʲô£ 
˰ֵûʲô£ǰһ£ϻȥϯ桭 
ɱʱ˵רͻϺıݣ 
ȥ̸֮¶ͻϸϸ˵һ飡´̸ʱӦ̸ݡ 
̸ºʮ࣬úóȥɷɣһ·еʱҹͻ˵ȻҲκͬ⣡ 
ͻ˲ݲԶһΪеشҹܻᣡ 
ûʲôȴǻһ̬˫۷⣬˴ĴָѧŹ˰ҡͷԵֵܸ߼֪Ψӣ 
ЩĪ*ֻԼϲѣ˭֪ҲǸɿ񰡣ȴǵȻмëҶ֪ 
ҹܻװ޻ǽĶߣ濴ȥһҿƻƬе̫սһƬ֮ɫʲôƽڡԽӿڡ͵½ֵȵȶһӦȫҹܻĴҲһս½ڵƣ 
ǿƼȥʵֵȽƼеսҲӣ߾Ȼƾ߰˷ǵ˰ 
ĲҲǾĿ̻ɣеĳʩĽɣŨŨĳǰִϢĿȴ൱ʴҲ֪ĿͨòλǹӪգ 
ķԱҲȫɫԷŸŹֵİͷ 
˽ȥֱһˮ̨ǰ̨İɽMM۾ֱˣ绰ȥ裺Ǽ˧ˣ 
ŵӳһÿ̨ϵʲôɣֵԪµˣҸû˧簡ȥ 
ЩMMɾͲһˣۣÿᣬһ𣡶Nۺ˧Ҫƿƿɶˣ 
챻һƤӸ͵ͷصþƶһһƿôѻȥóûϴڿ𣿡 
ɽҲ粻̫õæڰ̨ľƹó˼ƿһ㶼źÿĺþƣͨ߾ƽǱ߿; 
һСᣬʮƿʽƷþưǰӹ˺ʼȿȪˮһ͹࣬˴ʹǺȾưΡ 
˻Ǯľôȹƨ£Ҳֻѣ 
Ͽȥǳƽ˫ȴ˷ܵĹâһᣬʵе̵Ķϴ㿴ˣҪҲ³ȥ棡˵ѾһҡͷԵŤʵЩЦ 
Ц棡ûǵĿƼҲУ֮ɫ 
һصɲǴţģ뵱ڹʱпƼ֮ƣͬʱҲ겻Ƶġ񻰡 ɣNڹ꣬ʱǧ꣬ñ뷴ѣһף 
һ㶣һۣ̲סıЦ˳ 
ҲѧŻһصֵܣҺϴ㣬أ㿴ղ˵˵㣬MMˣɲҪñ˿ˣMMˣ֪Щ˵ʲô񻰣 
巭ۿ죬ﰵ*Ȼ©ŵ¶ֻ汻ˣ 
ϴ󣬰Ŀռһ£һ·ǿʲôй衱 
ѽָȡݸٺ٣ҪǶӣҲͷ 
һˬǴţô˭ڻҵĻӹָû˵ʲôֱȥ 
ٳʱǴҲųֻ̂ǵĶߴ˸û⡯ƣҡͷԵŤ˹ȥ 
߹һ̨ʱһӶȥһơƹ̫벻úҲУ 
һ㶣˿ңû˰ָԼıòĶ˵𣿡 
٣Ҳҽ˭Ÿȥһ񽫻嵱˷Աˣ 
ԶһУƾǵĶȻõ˵ĶԻЦ˳ֻҪùˣ 
֤˵Ĳ룬ȭͷӵͷϴȥǳģųúԱ𣿡 
·˷ܵŤ˹ȥ 
ĲеҲ̫˵㣬һһӿŤҲ֪軹ڿͣ 
һȥͱ䡯MMɨ鵽ŹŤֳ˶ 
Ļ壬ûʼݾͲ㱻ŮΧ顯ˣǹẔִ́ǵͷԣϧͻŤӺ֫ڱ˵һײҲܿռһǿõĵ̣ʼ 
ǽ뾢ȫںϵĳǰ趯Ĵ磬ܿΧʶǻرŵһݣԾĽмóһܴȦӣм֪ȤļһҲ塮һСġײ˳ȥ 
ģ˶ǿǳ񫡯ĶͣԼĶó˸һȦӿѱ 
ĵƿʦߵյ˸ͣľ۹Ƽе˻崦 
˶ĿĳݣһССɧңĴŮӵļһЩŮӲͻΧȦóֻա 
ƬĶŵ粨˷˳ȥ: еشг˧羢ݡ  
ϰ壬ڶеش﷢һСӣʺǸ籾ǣƬ㿴һǸ̽ 
һصǰֱ׷ĸоҲӴһŮеĶ 
Ǽƿ¶ǵЩˬˣǵ⾢һݵķ¾ƿվĿ⣬ҡҡλεм伷˽ȥ 
˵ваҳӵİɣ켷˽֪ô磬߳ڳ 
*㶼Уһ˲ɣǳĵҪһصӣ 
Χ𾢵ĹڼңҪץ˿վƿҪҹȥһǶȻˣԭһ! 
쵥ŵص˫Ȼ˽ȥڻԱ˸ϡŹֵĶôҲ裬һģ 
Щɶǳ˾ĸѶЩ׷̼ŮһкãǸ⾢ͱˣ 
һ˫˫һۣĿͶ˹ȥ׼ˮ 
ЩС˼ﾯСҪǸҾ衱⻹Ч¶ 
һֱ˲Сʱšᡯƿǳȥˣص˰̨Щƹ˿ɾͲˣٲʹʮµģ 
¶ˣʾƵĿ˻һֶۣôϴҸղŵıݻɣǸŽġ䡯ʩչԲھһŮǺǣ֪˶ǰģ 
֡ˡһǶһƿֹ 
Цٺ٣һƿ!һƿذ·ʮʼ˹ȥ 
Щӵ˼ûϷָֻӣڶɫ˵MM߿ﲨôҲǲյ 
ʱһʮӴǱڵĴ󺺳Ǵ˹Թ˵һߵ߰Ķ˵⼸λֵܺǳרҵİɣ֪ûȤǻǩԼбݣ 
쿴ˣס΢ЦŶǸӵǵľˣҪҲʲô£ʲôʲˣеˣ 
ӵĿһۣ֧ѩѵҿǸϺɣҲеشʲôطҪʲôǮֱ˵ˣҪģ 
аһ΢ЦȷʵǴģҲҪ㱨ʲôģֻҪϰ㸺ֵס޺ͺȾƵĿ֧ϾͿǩԼ 
ǵȻû⣬Ͻ׼Լ⼸һѾûˣ¿ɼ񵽱ˡ 
аЦ㻹Ⱥʵһÿס޺ͺȾƵĿ֧ɣȻԺɲ̫㣡ааЦһôճ 
ӺҲЩԣʵЩܻǮ 
ʵҲֵܼ࣬һ˾ڱסһͳ׷Ǯÿ30ÿȵľҲͰ̨Щ!Цøа 
ע⵽̨ϵһѿվƿһЩûľƷþƣɫ÷ǳѿЩ˵Ҳֵϰʱױ⼸ҹӡˣˣ 
ﻹδ鵽һѩͷݺݵȥҲģСӸˣûֲҽ 
ԭסӹȥͷɿĽŵͷĶͷϣԺҪʹһΡͯˣ 
ȭͷȴͱŷڵء 
Ӻֳ棬ٲ￪Լ֮ǰⲻ˱ 
ҪתܿȴСһ¸˻ǰ 
ааЦλֵܣⲻɣ廹αضأȻߵһԵ̨֣ϻ5ƿƣͽǺȹˣҪǲȹǲֵˣ*ͷңûţȻƿҲȥ 
Χкܶ࿴֮ˣӹҲסĵǼСӻòͷˣҲһ¡еشϺǸʲôġ 
һĻģϴƣ͸Ͽȣķѻ 
ÿɲᣬһ˳ȥΧһ󾪽УһҲе㲻򣬾Ȼ˹ȥ 
첻˼Ķϴ㿴ιȥô죿ҪǼƿҰ˰!СӶΪ˺Ⱦƹ⽫˴εģ 
һ۵ˣûˣҲˣ棡е! 




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ڶ
һ 

   һ˴һȺţĺſֵ˽ɿĽǶ˰̨ǰ ´ˣǸ಻ڱô߲ƵΧסҲû˿⣬Щ˷ܵаЦǰ׳գ*ûǷôҲܽ׳ϵһֻеڶֿˣ 
˿˾΢Цշϰ壬֪λϵģҵĳô˵ҲøȻǿɾҪˣ 
ƨͷϴûѾܸˣҪ*ĵ 
վĵˣˣ˵žȥҲȥ 
˼˲ӣҲ¶׺ݵźĴֵȫҷŷװˣҵҪƾʲôô񣡡Σ˵˰ײˣΪøװߣ 
ûͣĳſȥֻҪ嵽ߵĴֶһȭһŸõܿ˴Ķʮ˴󲿷ݶ˼ȥɲǰ취ʣµĴʾĵ˵ͷ 
顱һͳǹš컨塮һǹҲͳǹˣ 
Ǽ״ͣЩ˷ܵĵϴ㿴ô죬Ǻǻģ㿴ǹأҺ¡ 
ЩֵҲ֪ٿȥˣɿ˳ȥһЩӴϡҲָ롮˳ȥܿ죬ֻʣ˺Ĵ֣ˣЩԱܵһ 
˼õ˿ƣߵǰҲʲôͷֻһ˴ȥСʱ˹̸л500ֽˣ˼˵֣зͬСɵͱҲ̫ 
װµӶϴô찡ֻһ˻ȥҿһȥɣһʮ̹ϡã֤ϴȳȥ 
˵ҲȻûǷӾɣЩһﵽʲôͷô֧ǹָҲԶһһ˿Ĳ 
ЩȴһЩҪһɲ̫עúڵķʽ൱ʺϣȻӵк֣ܶҲܺܺõ 
Ӧûȥͻ˺оһô£Ҳû˼ĥȥڵȥ˵!ָͷϵһܣֳſȥ 
ͻɿؽЩǹĴֽŶȥ 
ֻʣĿɿڴˣʶˣ֪Щ˲ܶԸģֱ˳ˣԺҲûٻȥһ˼ͨĳ˵ĵ绰 
һ·Ȼ˼úڵ⣬ͻҲûгӣ˶ĳݷȥ 
ߵݵһ·ͻȻͣͻҲͣɻĿ 
·ƿԿǰվһ⣬ӦǸˣЩ΢Ľ𷢼ϿʵףȥҲ˧磡 
עⲢͣ½ŲȻΪ˧ϸӦһֵľϢ־Լ޵ʥǰħȫͬȽϵҲ΢ĿЦҲӦһͨ˵ϣ˳ӵų̫ľ⣬ϢɲǼ飬ҲЩϵйأͣ 
ͻʱȻҲǰˣǿɸоʲôֻ˵ļʽǳġ 
ȻǰĽһڻйڵǸղŵҵѣǱҪһۣ˵ֲҲʶһ£ҵй֮ǰ˵кܶǿĴ󣬵˿ҲûһģǿɲҪʧ! 
˵껰Ȼ쿪˫ۣùŹֵɿسΰʥ֮񰡣ҳϵʥǰ֮˵õͷʥƣ 
񿴰׳һ˵ĹŹֱݣͻȻֵ龰ȴһ 
˵ġʥơһڣͻȻۿɼİɫֱ˷ɿĻ˹Ȼ̶ֳȵǻ첻ʲô˺δŵĹʽҲһСϽɿĶ㿪 
̫һ죬˸ղ֮ߵϵļש÷˳ȥɳȥѶ˺ü 
ӶԼġʥơûлжԷҲ⣬ҲЩ˷ܣ֪ѵõĶ֣ 
ӽֳ˸ΰʥ֮񰡣ҳϡԼ 
衯ûͱǰһȭ˱ϣɫС߷ɿĴӱǿﴮ˳ 
Ӵ󾪣˼û׷˳°µεѪָĳΰʥ֮񰡣롭 
顱֪ȭͷֽ۴˸Ȧ 
ΰ顱ºÿЩ۾Գˣ 
ΰΰͷҲ֪Լö˼һ±˵ĸвУ*ΣôҲ벻ͨǼһȭֻΪѵĸ質 
վŸٲһ㣡*Իڳܡ벻ͨһﵽйҲûǸ漣 
ҲҳˣԷûѵ˼һɿȥ 
߻Բʵϴ㿴һʲôͷҾûоκȴִܷĹһҲ˼ĵĽ 
µʲôааЦҿһ˳ЩĴߣӦǵͼ֣ĹħС˵дħһһⷽʽЩν񡯵ˣ˼Щһôܵߵĵˣһйĺһ˼˼Ժеˣ 
˻صݺ󣬾۵ķ 
忪ڵϴ󣬸ղǸëļһӦǶеشϰˣʵ벻ͨЩĴôйĺһϴ㲻ȥ̽һµף 
Ҳ뷨˵ͷʥܿҵ˸ղǸӣһﱻȻǻصˡеشǸշͬһһС䡣 
ʱЩңһȥ͹˷ŵ޶˹㲻ҪɣôأѵܶԸǼС𣿡 
޶˹ס˵ʻԼСʳΰʥ֮񰡣ʵʥ޲ҵĴˣʥ塯 
һ⻪沿ת˼ʧղű򻵵ıӺ۾ҲָԭȴԵúǵ䣡 
ԼŶվԵ˵˰ɣԺҲҪȥǼˣǲڵʵܶԸ˵ġҪΪ»ǵļƻ 
ôʵ£м֧սʽǹʵڲоֱӸɵǣҾͲܶùǹİɱ˺޺޵ص 
ߣ㲻ŵ¶ˣ˵ʵҲֻǿǵıǲҪǲ֪ôΪҽ鷳֪ģ޶˹󣬵ʲô취ʵ̫࣡ 
˴𾪣ȻǱס! 
޶˹״ֿڵҲ̫ģ̴˵ڶƬҲһɺӴһ㲻ȥԻͨ˵ģֻҪúΪǰ£ͨһЩоʵʵ˳Ϊ̵ͽˣ 
ǵģЩף˵ϣϺ֪ǲģҲЩ׼ 
ϣǻ¸Ϻ㲻ҪΪ²ģ֮¾! 
ǵģ׵!治Ǹζ. 
޶˹̾˿ȳȥɣҪϢһ£ˣҶһ»ƱҪȥһˣ˵ɳϱ۾ 
Ӧ˳ȥ 
ûʲôÿˣҲջղ¶˵˳ 
˼һµǹȻ崫µǾȻչйҴоʵʵΪǵĿĿܺܲ򵥣ѾʼΪĴбȶ׼ˣ 
Ҳӿ춯ˣȻ㵽ʱǿҲ̫ÿƳˣص 
˵תɵصҲȥˣڵжҲǰеֻҪܿȫľúͿƼͬʱٴӺڵȿסڸֵµҲû취͸ˣ 
ͻ嶼ǵͷЦڶƣҪֻʱ䣬ֻҪ;ûдı仯ӦöܴﵽԤڵĿ꣡ 
պӵԼ룬ŻһǱרȥ˱ 
εĻ̸ӦȽʽҵļ쵼˶ˣ̸죬ڼʱ䶼˲ͣĽ쵼ĸʣ̸֮˼ƻľʵʩ彫ż¼ڶ೬ǰƼĹ̽˹ңΪǵļƻܶӰϴĿƼɹҵоɹҲ˺ܶ鷳 
̸һʱ䣬˶˼ռϢ棡 
ʱĴʡͳɶеĸ߼쵼ȴڷеĸ߹ټ˸ɾԭеĹԱУʵɲ֮˱ƸǨһЩû̫֮˶ʡְ 
ЩƸǨȻϲĽ˹ҵЩĹԱȴЩ˲ˣʮΪʲô߼ͼֽһѸ˵鱨ǰץһ˶ԹԵĽ 
߼ԱͻȻҲصһЩҵڴһЩźӰ죬һϵʩʵУҲԴϲ 
515գλ֮顯ھУϺлֵףĴýͷ˴˼һﵽռΣֳˡǹڡԴ 
ֳ60ϯλ58ǶǸɳĴһЩѵһĳҲԵμӾģʣµϯλһ̫۵ĽҲܴ˵ע⣡һЩԼʽʼǰ£ 
ɵĹҲ㣬Ȼ˸򵥵ĿĻʽһЩǼλ쵼Լαݵۿ 
10ʽʼֱʼǰһͻ˲ڣ˽λ 
һͷ˺üɺϵǣԱߵһλǹԴ 
һλҲͻ˵ĲòʣѺõĶĵҽϣܸʶ㣡 
Щ⣬ôɰɣӦþǸʲôˣôѺãҲ΢Цһϣҽܸʶ㣡 
˵ʺʱڵĵƹͻȻ̨ϵɴʢװλ֮顯ĺӣλ֮顯רʽʼ50ĵ׼ۣ 
λ֮ǡɷλðĶʹ⻪ڳ֮˶Ϊ֮ȳҲֻǿһЩͼƬС¼ѣֳŲͬѰ֮У 
̿ʼ;ٺƣֳľ൱ң 
̨ϳţ28С55ڡλ3960ڡû˭ߵļǮãλ۵65ڡԽԽ˷ܣȻм׬˭Ҳºɤӣ 
տʼʱԵľӺҲû˶ؿЩҲֵûǵȻǰڹʱЩʯɻҪЩڵȻӳȥһСΪ֮񣡺ǺǣЦ 



ڶ ѩ

   ԵϣûжϣҲע⵽㣬תƶûٹأ֪ܸܲĵǶأ Щ⣬Ǻǣֳʾֵĵ׼ۣɲһϡ棬ԷôҲ΢Ц˵ϣЦڵľļ͹ҵĵߣʵʱûϣģǮϯλҲֻΪ˵ֳʶһ¡λ֮顯֮ʵʰ֮⣬Բκȥ˵֮ʵԣ 
ϣЩ⣬ҲԷУЦŵҼϵˣлʶĵһúùͣ 
е㲻˼ƤϺҲûκ飬ǸмĵҾлϣˣϣԸԳĵӣ 
λ֮顯ļ135ϣҲ˴ʱſʼƾۣǼ־ۺֳڼƵľֻʣˣһλɫĶŮһλŷ˵ӣһλԵϣˣ 
λϣĽ˻е壬óʱҲǽţȴûǹ˵ȥӰ˵ľۣ㻹ܿɹԼ˵ֳʲôģ 
ļ۱180λŮһξƺϣȻЩ΢΢ʧоȴתӶǸصǱǸû취衮λ֮顯ˣڵļѳί˵ĵ. 
Դ˵ĺøдܸܵԷǷĵ⣬ͬʱͨЩֶ֣ЩԼǵĴ֮һЩµ뷨ʱҲʵڲٶ˵ʲôֻЩϧĶϣЦЦҲڰοԷ 
Ǿ־ۺ󣬡λ֮顯ձŷ210ĸ߼ߣλ֮顯Ҳ 
볡ʱϣֵ𣬲ʾϣԺл棡 
ϲӦˣεġλ֮顯׬6ڶ 
۳ίнõ200𻮸һʢװλ֮顯ȫͬĺӣ 
ĵڶ죬ȥ˳ɶ֣ǿҲû˵ʲôĸǣǲʹһµĳǳһ͸ɣɵȻҲֵ£ 
ȥɶǰίڳɶһ׾޴ĺջṩͼֽһЩرװޣһƵģֵ5000ҵĳͳǽγҲ͵˱ 
˻صɶס˽ȥȻͳǮҪãܿ˹ 
518գСѩӭ20գ 
Сѩ첻˵ûҲýˣʶཻҲкüˣӶˣȴ˿Ļ⣬ʵֻòµģ治֪ôһ£ 
ǰʱСѩնֻͼ˾һԶ١á£Ȼɻط˽ġȥȴʧȥϵøû顣 
Сѩȴһ̬ĸǮΪԼ20վһξۻᣡ 
СѩһֱǸĸĽϴѧ˺ֵܶĸҲȴҲûа취ûøĻ֣СѩεǵȻҲǳͬ⣡ 
СѩԼѺһЩҪõͬѧμѵվۻᣬͬʱҲʱԼѽѻΪԼףգ 
СѩЩѶСѩĻǷǳɣرǼСһ浽һѧУѧѣǶСѩĽָƣȻ˵Լѣû˼̫˵һСѩԵرҲûй 
ǶǰСѩĻЩϸ׷ߵĽڶѣСѩ֣µĶ˵ԼѻΪףգҲֻ̬ȣһЦ֮ 
СѩЩڶ׷Ҳ̫ţΪ׷Сѩ˲ٵĹ飬Сѩ˵Уʱ˼ΪСѩ׼ȥˣ׼Сѩúõˡ涷ޡһ 
ȻСѩҲѽѻΪԼף֮¸˸ĸĸ֪뷨ͲһˣΪ֪СѩҲûҪƭǣ 
СѩĸɻҲЩģرÿնСѩһСѩĴѣһЩڵ׷Ƕ֪ǰʹ֪Сѩһ£ҲûʱͻȻ˵𣬶һǶѵȻⲻһɻ뵽ꡯһʣʱСѩŶ󰡣ôСĺʵĸһⲻ˵ˣ 
ǲֱͣӻӵѯСѩй֮£СѩǽƻһЦֻƵʱǾ֪ˣҲû취̱ܲƹɣ 
СѩվۻڳɶһҹģǺܴľưڽУյĳѱСѩĸСѩͺͼҪõѵһЩãЩʴʲôģȥܲ 
6࣬Сѩĸĸ˾ưɣСѩѡͬѧһ׷Ҳľۼ˾ưڣ 
СѩһЦлű˵ףһ߲ͣĳŴţϣܿЩʱҲʱֶܳԽЩ 
СѩյﻹֻǧٹݣͶؿġʻġֺеġߵġֱġͻױƷġεġиСѩ׷ֻ˸ǾƺȣȴҲ͵ضõСѩޣ׷ߺڲѣѰ֪͸ʲôġ 
̫ҲˣϴεСѩǸСѩҲǺܼǳˣҲûƽϣ̫͸СѩȷҲǺһѣСѩ׷ЩܣǮǲһûñ 
ҲóڵŮĽۣôҪ͸Ҹöã 
̫ǳ֮ˣЩŮҲĽ֮ˣСѩͼ֮Ҳⲻ˵ģҲֻܷҲСѩûʲôơ 
̫͸СѩһΪ֮ᡯĶԶҲ൱֪ȣͬʱһθ˵İ£׹ŷǳˮαʯ 
̫ͳ֮ᡯСѩﻹ࣡Ҫ˶ǼֵҵͬʱӵĽԼСѩǸ˵İȥ 
̫׷Сѩ֮£СѩĸĸҲжţҲûټʵСѩĸ̫ĴϲСѩǼٲ˵ģͬʱ̫ڸ濴ԳƵǳ֮ˣһӵ޾ƸĹ⻪źϷ̳ˣԼŮϲˣʲô취Ǿ仰ܲӲİɣ 
Сѩӵ̫Ҳǳ⣬Ϊ⻹Բܽܵһ壡̫һڱʾֻһļֵ㲻ʲôСѩΪѵ 
ڳЩ̫İĽ߼СѩȥˣԼȻҪ˿ధſ£治ƽⰡ 
ʱһ͵ĳǽγһȫҲֻʮɫСܳʻ˾ưǰСͣСܳû˼ʻȻǱңſģϰһʻǰòдšףСѩտ֣֡ 
¾ưڵ˶쳤˲ӣֵڵĳܳ͸Сѩ⵽˭ôֱʣ 
ӳǳӣһ쳤һҲǳȴǺڵĹ죬һȴе̷˲ΡòʶǾƷҲ˧õ֣رмǸ쳤˸λð 
Ů۷Ź⣬ЩкӶеһЩѹһΪԼòԱѹֶ̫ò֮Ҳ⣡뵽ԼǿĽؿֱͦЩ 
ͻˣ³Сһﻹǰʲôͣȥѻ 
ͻ࣬Ǹ³аʲôͣΣɩǰͷȴ˵ʲôæȥѻȡݸ 
Ϊ⻨˵ģһ·ϿŹģСӸ˼վͽô죬ţ类ľֻʣ»֦ˣ 
ųŵһʻ΢ЦųưſȥʱеĿ඼еϡ 
Сѩʱվſڴ͸ǿҵĽźͼ֮ɫ֪ҹ˼ɣǰҲֻǼĻ񣬴ʱ˻е㲻ţǰеĸ̫࣬ͻȻҲԿԳƵ𺳵ǳСѩеĸо 
ߵСѩǰʻݸСѩСѩףտ֣ôһӲ˱ˣҲܱǲõö 
СѩûƽЩĻһ˫ۺʻ˳ַԵ̨ϣ˽Ļϲллɣ5555 
ʱŷӳԭСѩѾѣһΰ㣡ЩŮûٳСѩĴףҲûмʣΪǾԼ䣡 
³һЩԤеСѩ׷ߣʱʱ̫ʱǻһЩΪСѩ̫̬ȶһʱѾûʲô뷨СѩǰëСӡ˭ܿǱҲûʲôɱ֮ 
̫ҲЩ䣬Ļ䣬һݵ䣡ԺҪ׷СѩѾǲܵĳ룬ȴһҪõСѩòҲҪõˣͬʱҲһǰСѩͶͱļһһЩ̡Ľѵ 
ĲСѩˮЦɵѾͷոø˲ǣû¿ʲô!Сѩ˫аʵʰ飡 
Сѩͷ촽һ²ߺѳĻֱ֣һԵЦŽкãžžžĹ 
ȴֻϡϡļӦ 
óһֵСѩûЦصɩӺãǻ壬͸ɩӵףɩտ֣꽫Сѩ˹ȥ 
Сѩǰ壬ԼΪɩӲκβ֮УȻ̵ģ 
Сѩӹ֪ΪƣȥϸỬǸۺɫ׹Ӹأۿɼĵ΢⣬ϸойˬ֮ڣǷƷѯʵĳ忴ȥͣ 
忴СѩϲæɩӣΪػ֮ġ۴󷽣һЩã绤աӻ˥ʲôģɩӴ֤ഺפһֱƯû˵ٻЩĹЧ 
Сѩ֪֣ڻ˵ЩЧֻЦѣʵϲýصлл㣬壡Ȼİ½ 
Сѩ̡桱һΪЩĸоȫļͻȻĳ˻ǳˬ 
ҲѧóһӻɩӺã죬͸ɩӵףɩտ֣˵ҲݸСѩ 
СѩӹЦִֻҲʲôģ޲һҿȴǳıҲĹ⻪תҲǴã 
Сѩȥߵлл죬ʲôְ 
һŵıɴ󲻼򵥣ֽСڵ֯͹ܶõܿǿúܰٶ֡ܽºԡɱն𣬶һܼԡұٲ׳ΣһԽ˵Խˣ 
СѩúǺǽЦư￴ǵһЩŮҲЦ 



 Ƽɹ

   СѩúȴЦˣһ棬û죬Ͷȥ˲Ź֣еȫˡ ɻ󣬵ȴܵ˵ֻСѩСѩ㲻Ҫ١桯ˣС͸ﶼŷͬѰ֮ȻûС˵ôףҲܱ㲻һ˺ˣȻһ֮ҲҪñ˷ɲã 
˸ղŶСѩһ죬Ŀһۺûһˣǲڸʲôɻ 
Сѩ˻󣬶˽ֵɣ 
ָͳСܳԿ׵͸Сѩϣϲ⻰ɴѧģֻ˵Сѩû˵񣡿һ֡ 
СѩҲûע⵽ЩӹԿ׺֣Լĸǰ 
СѩɫЩ΢ĶŸĸ֡裬ɣԣҲѣ˵껹Щ˼¶˺״ 
Сѩĸ˵ϽòضŶ˵ĸãڵҲԸҴ˵δ˺ĸȴ 
Сѩĸ΢ЦͷдϵһԣղŶСѩ֮ǶСѩİҲǡ˶֪£ǰСʶǳҿղʱͷӦüҲ򵥣Сѩѡѣλ˼ȷʵҲҲʲô˵ˣ 
Сѩ׶ЦǺǣСӲĳָǴĲֹ⣬𾪣ǶҲ˵ʲôֻϣԺܺúõĴСѩ 
æؿĵžž죬֤ԺԼСѩһΪҸ֮ˣ 
ʱưĵͻȻȫˣһŮӴӾưڵͨͷƳһ̨СƳƳϷһѵȼ͵⣡ 
ư˶ʼֳո裡СƳͣСѩǰСѩæҸı˫ĬĬ˸ԸȻһ˶ʮ֧ 
ͻ˴ãͷҵعҲûţһʱưڶ 
ûͣ£֪˭һСɫСѩĶͷϣһʹս 
Сѩǰ׷ߵĽ񣬶ͻҲûѱһѻŮӰΧˣҲǹǿһΧʮӣȻûһΣ·û࣡Щǽй֮ͱˡС 
ս˶æŴɨսͻصϽһƽѵһĺþý˾ưڣ 
ưɵĳ˴æȥԲǾưһֱлԴû˵걻ӳһѳƱ˻ȥ 
ΪСѩף֮ˣĴ󲿷˶ûпʹЩƷƣЩСѩǰ׷ߣʱԼٲлƵýкþ͵ƲƿԼܲܿʵ͹࣡ 
һŮӱһҲʹһЩƽξƲմ崿ŮҲúװͺɱ 
һʱưڻȭڶЩõѾſˡ 
Сѩھưɽһ̨ϵȼһ֧ɫС򣬶ƷűƷѾƣ˵黰 
ɣҽĺøˣڿˣԺҲ÷ֿ𣿡Сѩص 
ȻˣԺǻԶһ˭ҲܽǷֿҲ⣡ 
ɣܺ£̫ˣһҶȥ̫ˣҲ֪һʧȥ㣬ҸôȥֻȻҪ޳ˣ 
ϽصɵѾͷô뿪أҶİԱĻҪ㸸ĸ֤ҪʹΪҸ֮ˣҲһģҡ 
ɣлл㣡ĺøˣ΢΢˳Ҹһξժɵģ 
ȻϷŲ̨̫ǰȥ 
۹ϴȫ෭ˣĸû⣬棿˷ܵ죬ֽߵСѩ̷ɱ˵Ŀ⣬һһǻϴĺ£ 
ҪﴫֵֹЦٺ٣˰ȫŷǰɣãҿЩҲλؼˣ͸Ǳȥɣ 
ѾЩɵ۵죬ֶһЦĻٺ٣㲻ҪЦ̫磬ղŹ˾Ҳзݰɣͺһɻˣһ̧֣һ̧Ӧûɵ!˵Сѩһ߳ưɣСܳȥ 
Цſ˻һۣߵһкӴԴιֵܣѣסﰡι˵̲סڱͷһʹ 
СӣЩʹԺĵ·ס 
Σ·ʲôط˵㰡 
һ˵Ļ³һѪ 
·ʮҵһƿ!һ˵λںȾơ 
һԿȥڶ*ԴԼ֮ˣǶ˵곯ưɷ̨˹ȥ 
ŻıһЦ*ƽ˵ûֻ㣬Ҷ㻹˵㡭 
ߵ̨Ÿղλʲô鷳ǾưɰϵһҾƵݣһжˣǿõķ䣬Լɳˣ˵ķ㣬ÿһ1000Ǯ 
Ǹæû⣬û⣡Ǹ˵ܲǾư죿 
ÿڷ̨ϵȻû⣬ֱӸ200ˣҪססķһҪǹεģÿ˶Ҫר˻ҪǸ˭⣬СҰˣ 
æǣÿ˺ʼϵƵ׼˵ĳ 
㶨һƿһֺǵõȵ˶͵Ƶס² 
һƻ彫ղŽ˵ÿ˳ˣÿղˣҸˣԺСĵ㣡 
ֱ֪ˣһѣǸ㣬治ӣ 
ѺСѩص˱ֱӴԼķ䣡 
ѩ뵽Ҫ顭ЩţͬʱҲЩ˷ܺڴϾĳΪŮˣ 
Сѩý߲ѵ˴ϣȻ˷źڵĵƣСѩ֣棡ǸʲôôʲôҲе£ 
СѩоԼߣͻȻһλð߲ʹ⻪͸ 
Сѩ𾪵ĿǸɫСһӣ૳λ֮飬Ǽֵ200λ֮!һմ 
ЦСѩ͸ϣϲٴףտ֣ 
СѩĻԻعӹȻŵĺӣЩλ֮ղŲ˸СܳôҡѾ֪˵ʲôˣ 
ȻЦǺǣҲ˵Ҫʱһ㾪ϲǸСܳʲôֻ͸ͨѣӲ͸Ҳǡλ֮顯ֽС顯˱ȡλ֮顯һЩĶͬλ֮顯Ҳ۵ģĿֻΪ˳гš顯󣡡 
СѩʱĿģҲû׷Ȼλ֮ҲûǸ˵߰ģһصллɣӺƯҺϲ 
ӴӺ˳˴ͷϣһʱﶼλð˹⻪ 
§СѩϵȥȻһнһЩٶ˵ĽĿЩĿǣ浽˵ļ˽ﲻ 
󣬶˷ָղСѩһЩֵСѩʶһЩ΢ı仯 
ٴ߳ʱǵڶ֮ʱһѵڴ˴ͻ˾ͷСѩ仯 
ʱСѩԵøףЩ˵ζرֻʵʰĸ߹ϢҪ˵ŮŮҲ޷Ტۣ 
ͻҲЩ 
عЦߵСѩǰ޵ɩòҪȥվӣȻᱻģҪߵȥЩʲôС㡢ģ򵱺ŮǣܶΪԼĳª޵ݣԺҪȥŮӶˣΪһźôɩӣҼŮϵˣ 
СѩĻϲͷѵΪ𡭡 
˵ĻЩζˣϴҿǲŮģ㿴ֻҪҸŮϴ˯һϱһٺ٣ϴð֡칦ܡúõķһ¡Ӵιѽ 
û˵ѱһŸ߷˳ȥСѩĳȥһͲȣ죬죬˵Ҳ㡭㡭ȲȲȡ 
һϷ̸ֺ£СѩС죬һˬ 
忪ڵӵǱߵϢЩشгɹҪʱϴæţҲûҴ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôϵֱǿӺˣ˵ò̫ɲһڵϱһͲȣ 
ϵң˵ӣƵлCCTV-1ʮĵĽĿ͹ڵر𱨵ʱ䣡 
Ļܿ챻һ᳡һֳ߼ź̨̨λڣرűйѧԺй˶оԺŷᣬУηԺ繫ҹµʱƼɹǷֳڸߡ˵һֱҪ˵Ὺʼ 
12Ժķ˶ѵʽʼԺԺҲйΪؼԺʿ 
йѧԺԺԺʿȷԣǶ깥أҹʮشƼĿߵϵͳȡԲɹ˳ͨʵ׶ΣȫҵãƼɹһװãԴеʷֽԹⲨʽ͵Ͽյרǣʱκһ䣬һ̨רõĵʽõʽӦĵ̿ģ㷺Ӧڸƶõ絥λһЩ½ĸõ絥λǶԵʽ˾ƺʹһ̨ͨصʽһ۸ֻ300-500ңй˶оԺһ³ɹһã 
Ժʿû˵ֳ꣬ĸ߶һƬ󻩣Ѿһ򵥵ĿƼɹˣһɱĻʱԴ 
ӱͶʮδʼȫʯͺȻȼԴļȱѳΪȫ򻯵ԴԺ˵վˮվΪĵ糧ĵĳ̶ֳ˵һʸЧԴȴһֱܽƶõ絥λõ⡣ 



 ʥ鼯

   õĽͨߡ˵ɣͨһ㶼ʹü۸̫ߵǿ﮵ءֵǺܸߣһƷܴĵҲޣƵĳʹô˺ܴĲ㣡 һ֡ӵءǺãҴ㣡ֵصļ۸ȴǷǳһõĹӵصļ۸ĺüЩҲֻܳΪһЩĺһЩ⳵רƷ 
ȻҲֻӣйѧԺɹھºŸӦüֳֵ߲Ȳˡ 
й˶оԺԺԺʿĿƼɹˣǶֻһ˼йˣʵڣ 
ԺʿһԲɹĿɿسº˾۱似 
Ѵ˴ͳġ˱䡯ԭӺ˾ۺϷӦĲԶֳԪأһִӺˮԪأ 
Ԫؽо۱ĺ˷ӦѲҪĳ»Һ˱䲻κηкԪغʣֻǵͬȼĺ˱ͨ˱ȣͷųǿ̫࣡ 
ֵһԺʿѽ׼˷ӦϣֻҪԸ⣬һ߶ｨһСͺ˵վӦԴ 
ԺʿʾҪں˵Ŀߵ似ʹã֤ʹṩĵԴ۲Ŀǰ۵֮һ 
ۿֱЩνĳѾ߰ˣǸߵ似ҲֻһǿԴͻȻȫɹͺ˱似ɾͲôˣȻ˱ʾҪڷ磬Ҳû˵õϰ 
˵ôõļ᲻õϣýָͷҲóɣ 
ʲôһû˷Եĺ˵Ե浼ʹãǸ˷Ӧϵļ̬룬ҪǱ˵ĵĶǼӵһ˱ҪǴԼʲôͷ 
һЩйϵõĹȴңҺðйչûԱָֻţȻԺҲĳЩҵһҹҹʧˣ͵ЦС 
ֳĸ߶ʼһЩ⣬᲻ὫĳЩõ򡢻᲻оŵȵȡ 
ЩýָͷҲ֪ʲȻҲû취ôشǹܲţҲʰɣȻôȥ 
ЩνǿļߣʱҲǰֺˡ 
ĳûʲô̫Ĺͼֵˣ콫ӹ 
Цʱֳɹ˵ԣҲ! 
ʱҲǸ˵ĵ˳ȥ綼ᱻСĶһ£ֱӽйϵĵλ˶㣬ԺںܳһʱҲߴߴˣһʱйҲΪߵ׬һʣʱоºĿƼоҲȻˣǮȻҪظһҲٽһȫԵ׷ʽƼչЩסܶ˵Ժִ󻷾·չƻҲ̫עˣ 
ߵ似һ壬Ǹй̽ǿҲѾˣӦûװЩһգǺǣֽԼǮܾ̽⵽ǣ˷ܵز²˷ܶУΪЩƼɶṩģ 
Ȼûʲô߼ЩҲ⣬ҲǸˣ 
СѩЩЩôˣȻѾ˵˺ܶණԺĴżƻҲôȫ⣬ʱȻҲʣǶûӣȺһʱʲˡװһȻĵģ 
СѩѹҲҪ׼ʼʽʵмƻĺô̫ҪԷʲôʱ򶼿ðʡǮʡ 
֣ǿҪ˻챻ңҪȥעҵ֮£һ㣬ȺСѩȥЩȥľƵ꣬СѩȥѧУ 
Ҫ͵Ҳû˸һ˿ԣϷԶУⲻͻ嶼İŷǳ 
ͻճŲã֣ǿʹ9˻ˡ 
Щ˶֣ǿǰսѣҲֵܣǿɲʲô֮ˣڲϾһѲ̫ӣµıһҴ˱˻ͨĪҲǿǿ쵽飬Ϊ˾ӣЩһʵѹܣĳЩҲȷʵ㣬ҲܲΪǾѱ˴ðץȥǹ˰ɣ 
ЩһȴҲûȥڲʱġ磬ҪҷݰĹ治ףϰҲҴͷ˺Ҳûã 
ǰ֣ǿ˵Ժܻõܶ£Ͼ뵽Щõܣһ£쵱ȻҲûʲôԥľǮȥˣ 
ǿɶ֣ǿԼ˿ڶΪԺĺĳԱԼ˵Ȼҵĺ̫࣬ǺúһԷӺܴã 
˵֣ǿȥҵ⼸ˣҪƸʱЩһȻôţʲôԼúܣ˻ǹʹ͸ɲ˱ʲôˣ 
֣ǿûж˵ÿ˸50һŻƱԼҪҪȥҲĹݣñôǣ30ˣʣµǮҲԼԺƴˣ 
ûʲôǵıҪ50Լ˺Ҳ׬ƨƨߵĸ֣ǿ˳ɶ 
Ȼһ·Ҳû֣ǿҪʲô֣ǿԼ֪ôأֻװŸĪĵʱǾ֪ˣ֤ǰ; 
ʱҲûǿааЦ֣ǿ˵ǰڲʱòʲô¶˾ȻǱ˵Ĳǣٺ٣һ! 
Щ˴Ӽʱͱ©İϢס֪ǰ֮˾ƽ֮ʱһͿЦЩҲȷʵ£ҲЩ˼Ц˼û˵ʲô 
ԹԵֽŵһ֣֣ǿôɵ˾Ȼǻһ𣬶һõֵܣⶼʲôʲô벻ͨҲȷɻ֮ 
֣ǿôһ˵ȴûɵ죬ǼҲһ㶺̲סЦ˳Ī棡ѵһ˵ʲôɣ 
һЩݵЦŵϰĬһǵһ˵֣ϴǸˣϰ㲻֪ǵϴʲôҲŸɵģݣõҲ࣬۹ҲܵˣҿǾˣ 
𰸻ǳ⣡ܰɣ֣ǿһôҲ˰ϴҲ˰ɣ̲סɻĳ֣ǿȥ 
֣ǿɱ˵Ŀݺݵĵһ۸ղ˵꣬¶˱컹аЦٺ٣ϰҲ֪ǰҵ㿴Ǽϼඪ˰ϴȻҲͱǴôһ㣬ʱ󣬲ŴﵽԤڵЧⲻҲڳҵ˹ҲΪʶλϰİȻҿҲϼˡٺ٣ǰǸȷʵǸȷʵҲҽڵʵ񣬼Ц٣ЦΣԭıĿ 
°ͶһȻôаţǰ;ǰ;ԺúúòС̲ס´һ֣ǿںǰȫˣ 
عͷֶż˵֣ǿҲû˵Ҫʲôİɣ 
궼ãȻҡҡͷȻ⣡ 
ʧЦʵҲֲǵ֣ϴ󣬾ڶûҪʲô֪Σǰһ仰ֻƨˣ 
⼸˲εÿ50򶨽ˣȻû뵽ʲôһòǮ̫ûطǮɣأҼκҲԿ 
ֽŵɣҿЩ̫ãʱȺúýǸѵһ˵ɣ֣ǿҲμѵѵأҪ 
֣ǿЩ˶û˵ʲôãǳ˴ܺǹʲôȥˣǶú˴ܺǹ⣬ĶȷʵҲˣ 
֪ҪѵǵĴǻҪǹ̲סȥһ󱬱⣡ǲ֪Ȼ˭˭˵ˣ 
Ӹ֣ǿһÿŵǮȹţÿ˷200㻨Ǯȥúõķɷɣʽʼѵʱ˭Ҫп࣬ǻǮˣȽǰ﷿࣬ɣøúǺúһ£⼸һдõģ 
֣ǿ֪ǶǱ˵ÿ˸200㻨Ǯûʲô⣬Ǽ˿ɾͲһˣ۷Ź⣬ظϰ壬㻨Ǯ԰λԺ󻹵ˣٺ٣͵ЦС 
֣ǿҪȥͻȻڵȵȣҪҲһȥɷɣҲ緹ʱ䣬һȥ󸻺ȼȥһڼﻹû¿ɸɣͱһȥתת˶ֵ 
СѩضƵʱЩ͹ߵòˣмСѩͬѧҪ׼ȥСѩҪͬѧһѧУ 
ҲûôֻСѩСѩѾԪ˾ӡʲôʱΣվңҾͻ֪ģ 
Сѩôһ˵Ҳе֣ɵĵ˵ͷ 
û¿ɸɵĻصջһ׼ųԴͣȻҲ͸һȥ֣ 
֣ǿÿֵܶÿ200㻨ǮЩǮþûţ 
ڴ󸻺һٺһѴ˾Ȼ̳ܵҲˮĪ˼߰· 
ٻصʱѾˣЩʵ¶ôôͻˣ 
ٺ٣кô㿴ȥʱʲô׼ˣ㼸ºʲô¶㶨ҵܲѡˣ½ɵҵõһãȨ֤׼ˣҪ۸ҲҪãҾ۸ûǱˣ56ڰʹ!ḻĻش˵ֽעҵø˿ 
 ƣʥ鼯 
 ַйɶҵ1 
˴ 
עʽ600 
ӪΧ 
Ӫҵޣ225011 
̲סЦ˳𣿡ǻչ˵Ѽң 
ȴЩаЦĶŻٺ٣ôһҵܲǺһҲû˰һҪȥҹܻᣬܲϴÿ￴ֽˣ 
ø˵񿴰׳һ졣 
תϴ㿴ǵоԺַѡǽɣǱ߽ͨ㲻˵ҵض໹رˣǾǧĶȦĽ裬ԺɾǵһˣǮ˾ǲһضǧĶΪλ㡣 
ðɣԺҪһĵطǿ϶ģȥأȦúϴƵͼֽʼȰоԺĻǸǱߵĽˣǿ˶Դ㣬Ҫ˺ȾͲ˼ˣ 
˵껰ͻȻ͵һȫɢ˿µϢ춼ֵסˣ֣ǿЩ˳ȥ 



 ֮ŭ

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ɿطƵԺٷɵкһ䣬ѵСѩӵɣûͣ˽ȥӶǽĳһδ󶴣 
Сѩ˸֫òŰһ䴲Ľǣվ̫ĸˣʱ˶˼ĿͻȻֵ 
͸еħϢЩȴûȥ⣬ɿȥ˰סСѩĲϵĽ§ڻ 
СѩʱǻûȫѣӦǳҩ֮ĶȻЩԺȴҲ֪ˣ555555Ŀ˳±Щ 
ϧزСѩˮСѩҪ£ˣһжȥˣ˵ؽСѩ˿ 
̫ĸˣûӸղĻ𱬳лظ̫ˣǽϳ˸󶴣ֻǱײĴ󶴣Ҳͨųǿħߺ£ǸǱײģϢͻȻֶγɣûһ˿Ƭһ˿ҳҲûУʦųҲһ 
Сѩ󻺻תӴϢֶˣ˫â䣬þȵıǵħ𣿲ΪʦˣãСѩû£ȻţǼҲȫ󼸸һһģ 
һħǿסǿѹڵǺ֮ˣ 
ûĻȻ̫Ҽˣһӵʱ˵ԼǺźɣһʹ죬һӺһûõ𰸣ҽץԪܵĥ 
̫ͨѹ£ûп˵ƶֺˣ 
ղ˵Ǹħۿû˻·ݺݵĶһ̫ΪԼ˴ȻʲôǿĹһѪӲ˹ȥ 
ճ嵽һ嶼ĪʧˣԪһ͸סڿУɫεԪ񣬱סȴĿһεСˣǾ֮ɫԼҲ֪ԼôģҲ벻ԼԪȻû 
Ķһħ˵30룡 
˿Լʦ־ȻԪ񶼱ץȥû˳µĴһͷҿĲħڰŵӣҵĹ⻪ҵ²ҵеִ£ҺʦֻǱӰȫġ 
*һû贩ʲôɫڿ㶼˵˳ 
ʹ죬˶ϢĵȥӦǰˣ̫ȴûôõˣû˵ʲôϻȫеľѪܺ͹ͷһһڵϣȴκƻܼһŻᱻʹˣ 
ûỹδȥ§Сѩɿȥ֪лϣԼõַ񶼾Ȳ 
СѩɲٷȥˣٶȻСѩ˺ˣٶпܱ˷֣ô죿ȻǳŴİ 
·Сѩô£ԭСѩյѧУͱ̫ϣ̫ԼѾתѧͻ뿪ɶ׷Сѩ֮ҲѾģֻϣ֮ǰСѩȱȣ 
Сѩһ⣬ĺȱҲûʲôҲͬˣ˭֪ǼһڿϣûнĵСѩȻУ 
ԺʱʵڴϽָǸҲסҲ̹֮ʱѾŵ߰ﻹõЩҲʶΪȻʹ!û׼ɳʲô 
СѩԿǸݱ˰ζҲ̫Ǽһﵹù̫һħ߱ں֪ʲôļһڤĿˡ 
ղǼС֮һСҲڳɶĲҵСѩȥҲûöþͻص˼ 
СѩصʱڿΪ֣ǿǾŸֵˡ 
ղɺʧˣͻҲ֪ʲô£һӱˤñ׵֣ǿ˿ɲùˣ 
鷢̫죬֣ǿǸ֪ʲôͱһɴ˳ȥɴȻûǣһֱֱӳ˺üףײǽϻһЩӲϣǿɲǺģغõСӵɳ⣬Ķ˲ʣù֮˸Դֱȥײǽǽ˵˰ɣ 
ͻڣҽԺǮʡˣСѩʱЩҲõ߰˰ˣǵڻǲ׷ʲôȻڿŵӣ 
ڻЩճͻЩŵĿ⻹ǵһο쭣⵱Ҳûȳʲô֪ǵġ 
ЩǸĿ֣ǿǵղ治˼ǺҲ̫˵㣬Ȼһ󡮷硯ˣþ¶˲ЦݣɫҲ˵㣬ǰǰѿ 
ЩҲ˵ˣ֣ǿ³˵ʲô⣬ЩֵȻããȻ֪˵Щʲô 
ҲûǣͻǸҽһ!СѩһСȥ 
СѩڻЩ£Ҳ֪̫ȫɱˣһ̵ֱֵ 
§Сѩɳͻ˽ҲǶ棬Ŀ 
õͳСѩºԼ̫ǵ˵˳ 
СѩЩµĿɣɱˣЩţ 
ͷһ£ðСѩˣ⼸Ȼᣬ˭ܸо⼸־ڵҲҳ 
СѩܵǳѰа⣬Ҳ˵ʲô 
ȴŭվģħ֮˾ȻҶɩӶ֣ȥǣ˵׼ߡҲʧȥǵ׼һȥ 
ûΪ֪˲ҽĻƨ 
ͻ屻ϵһ£ҲԼĿЦΪŸصλˣ 
ааĵǼֱðСѩļһﶼѾˣӺðСѩ֮ˣһóԵͷУҪ̫ˣҲҪ̫˷Դӽ쿪ʼʹ֣ǿħ֮ʥ鴫еĹҪЩħ֮ 
ɵĵϴðɣ˿ģ 
Цڴ֣ǿ֮ҪЩȥħ֮ƴҪΣʱܵģ 
ǲصΣĻȥұ鷳ȥˣ 
ȴ˼ĵѵϴҪڵǹ֧ȥԸħˣ 
Цٺ٣ǴĶǵһֿ֣ǿüǹʲôȥħŸɣԼҲԱ֤Լİȫڿ˷ŵʱҲ֣˿ͺһĺڵƴδħߴ󲿷ֻǻᱻ˰ɣЦĺ 
Ҳ׹ЦĵϴһװԺҲԱ߻ڵߴˡ 
ʲôĶСѩɩӣôҪ˵Ļһ̶ȵӦҲû취İһ⣬һǧ͹˱ڰɣ 
Сѩ˼صˣ˵ֶĻ 
һ㶣漴Ц 
ҲЩЦĶСѩСѩҿԺҲȥѧˣΣգ˵ѧУҲѧʲôˣ˶ڵ֪ʶһֵļԺÿһҿԱ㣬Ҳ˳ѧһЩ֮Ҳܰæ 
ܰæ𣿡Сѩ̧ͷɵʵ 
ǺǣǵȻ㿴һ⼸ˣҵǱ߻иһٶҵܲȥ칫أ磬ܾôǺǣиŮܾһһ֮Ͷ˵껹ô 
ҲѧЩ᲻ЩѰҰ費ͬ⡱Сѩյ 
ЦЩͬѧԸԵİ֤нˮ࣡ӦҲ˵ʲôİɣǰסˣô󣬷ô࣬˶Ҳֵ 
СѩͷתͿʼ֣ǿǹˣֱ͵ҩʡ˷ʱ䣡ҪЧ˵Ŵӽָͳʮŵҩݸ졣 
תԻϵһ£㼤ǹ˳һºǹûУҲ㼸֧棡˵ԹԵ§СѩԼ䴦ȥøСѩѹѹ 
ղᵽйȫĴ־ֵˣҲɹʱϵ֮ˣȻܲһ쵽ȥ鷳쵼˰ɣ 
ͻ嶼һЦĿȥǵȻ֪ҪСѩѹҲֻĽķݣ˶ʼ磬Ըɻȥˣ 
֣ǿֵܶ޻ɳϣǸղűĪһ٣֣ǿĸҲڿɶһɭɭĹҲЩѴѵĳƱ̫ܲ 
߽ͷǾʷḻı飬ЦǸʲôǲ첻µزµ𣡸ղֻǱϴСķų΢紵һ£³Ƕ˰ҪˣԺҪ֪ԼжС!˵аЦȥ 
֣ǿֵ㿴ңҿҲûʲôãֻƨɺߵԺ棡 
ǹȫǸ԰ʽĳլԺСԺĲ٣ȥĵطǴܵԺ˺ѿ龰 
֣ǿǴӾԱߵļɽָһ׶ߵĴʯͷܲù߽ʯͷ𣿡˵֣ǿˡ 
֣ǿʮ˶ҡҡͷǰ£һὫ쵱׳տʱȴǰЩĪĸо 
ͻȻҶŴʯȥ 
һ죬ʯСȥһһЩݲˡ 
֣ǿ˶ĿɿڴĿǰ龰Ŵ־ĳ쿴ȥ 
õԤЧЦŵղֻ֮һҪǰӵиղһҲǽǵĿγ̡ 
֣ǿȻعŵ򡭡ϰ壬⡭桭Ҳǡǡλ֮顯ĹЧ𣿡ΪҲǴλ֮鴦õ칦ء 
ҾһڵõԺиǿǵõʼǾʽΪʥ鼯ŵĺĳԱбѵ鷢ʱҲסǣ¶һǿҵĺϢ˵ 




 

   ӵǿ֮ͨҲܾο֣ǿáˣʱҲ˲ȥƽϱôǵõ ֣ǿص֣ǿΰڴģӽԺؽԶЧʥ鼯ţΥģ 
ֻظЦҲ÷ʲôģֻҪ׾ˣкܶڻܸǣֻҪ֪Ժǽĵһߣʥ鼯ŵмҪľǾóȻһȥڵ!һЦݡ 
֣ǿǰ滹ЩǺ⣬ȴҲ֪Ϊ˲ˣЩ˷֮ɫ˵Ļûȥʵ벻ͨʲôʱڵҲҪôߵˮ׼ˣǻкڵǲɴˡ 
ûйĽͣÿ˵ݸһŵҩеĵҩȻԭϥ£ʲôҲùܣһ壬ʱпܻһܣһҪסɲҪ˷˵ҩɱɵҪɵ⣡ 
֣ǿ˴ϲĽӹ˵ҩȥ֮ϥ 
ҲڣڵҩͷţɲҴ⣬Щҩͷ̫죬Щһɵܲס 
֣ǿͽ죬˵ġһ㡯ֱܰǴź˵ҲûУ֮⻹ֻˡ 
һֱ˽Сʱ˹˵ʮ׿⣡ﻹͣĵᣬᣡܲ!񻹲ȫ˼ 
֣ǿҲ۾Ҳһܲɳζǿû˿ȥΪЩζǴϷġ 
ÿ˶մˮһȫڵĺˮޱȣЩǱҩ컯ǿų 
ͨͨһˮǶӾʱŷ˴ΪͬʱҲһǾϲ£ղӾʱһԾ䵽˺üûȻ԰ȥˣ 
Ƕˮ߻ӾƽʱǲǶͰʳôô*ϴɾ˿ʼϿΡֻڱǰţгζһ 
֣ǿӾϴһֱøѹˮͳʮӲųɹ 
ûиѡɡŹֱӽħ֮ǣҪǰ 
˶ʼ붨Ų˸罫ס߻ 
صʱΪСѩѹ˾ͻ˵ŻСѩܱѹͷڷû 
ʵôˣ 
ûʲô⣬Ƕʼħˣߵɳ±ߵ 
ͷֶԻʲôʱ 
50֧ͺŵļǹ100Źⱬ10Сͼڽ͹ǹҪ죬ǱҲ֧Ʒ 
ţȥأǧĶʼ裬ϵͷ˾׼ʼҺȥתתʲôʵҹܻչڵҲҪи̰ɣ˵վȥӦȥСѩˣ 
ҲվȥЧӦûǲġ 
ûֻص˿СѩҪڼϢ߰ɣ 
⴦סլûʲôʵѱûأСѩڼϢӦҲʲôΣգ֣ǿ˸˵ҩһ붨ҲҪСʱŻѹҲûʲôõĵģ 
ǳ忪ˣҲֻÿСѩܳȥתƣ 
һΪǡҹܻᣬҹܻҲģҹܻϰǰǸزˣ׬ǮҵͶ˴ѵʽ˸ҹܻᣬ̫㣡ҹܻⲻǺܺãһֱڿ״̬뽫ҹܻתóȥȴ򿪼̫û˸ҽ֣ڰǰ˵ǽڳɶչһҹܻ֮£㽫ǡҪת֮¸ǡ 
ʱվſڴЩǺǣòҲѹû˸ҽգҹܻǮġ 
Ҳͬеĵ˵ͷ 
ҹܻǽĴʯĥ̶ɣȫЩĹŵ両ſڵҲʯƳɣŵߵ¥Ҳ⡭ 
޲ڵ˽ȥϰ廹ûǮĮ̇ƹǽصȵȲöʯƳɣڳ˹ŵϢȴִռֳպͻִ˾źܴջ󣬾ƾЩҲ׬Ǯİ治֪Ϊʲôᱻ˸䣡 
˽ȥֱҪչҹܻᣬûһϰ˹ӭһС棡 
ϰֵ׵ˣºżɽĵҽƽǡǡϰ壬λչ𣿡 
Ҳûѻĵֱۺˣ 
8ڣһڼۣΪоϿ԰òҲ̸!˻һĸɴࡣ 
ȴЩ⣬ǲǮ̫ߣôôˣҲֱֻŲ8ڵ£ 
ЦŶƽ8ڣֲҿ888888888ˣǾգԱ˵һ£Ժǿ˫ʣҪԱǻƨⰡ 
ƽе㲻ܽܣһﲻëɣΪһȻ˽9ǧǹֵĪ 
ЦĶһ֪գǡĲҵתأ1ʱҲܰòȨתģҪ5ʱ䣬⻹ȸ㶨𣡡 
ЦЦҽλ죬ȨƽºˣʱֻҪչǡ죬1ʲôܸ꣬ҲøʲôˣȥøֱӰչת㡣 
ƽЩĪˣǵǺηʥô 
ҲûʣȻҪϸǮҲȻܾȥ˸ 
ڹ㷺Ӧõ⣬Ժܷÿ˻תˡ 
ǮӹƽտݺЦصϰ壬ǵˣɲҪˣ 
ҲЦ˼ŶȥӦȥѲˣҹܻĶɶˣɲʱһͣ 
һֱﶺ˽Сʱź˱,ֻ! 
ϻŻص¡ 
һ5000Ķأż۳۵ģһֻ10ңоĳнλҲϵˣͻ޽ΧǽȦأ 
콥֣ǿʮҲһһĳ˹Ǹо̲صǰӲ뼰˷ܺͿϲ֮ɫ׷͸ȥѯʵ 
һЦĿǣôˬɣǲǾû˾һֺ˵ĳ嶯Ƕ͵¶˲аЦ 
쳷ȥ첼µǸС磬ڼɽΧһĽ磬⸽ֿڶǵЩɽһԼĹɣ 
ĻԾԾ̬֣֮ǿȵһʯͷһȭ˳ȥ֣ǿȭЦøаɿĶԶ 
һ죡ŴһԼιѽʹ 
ԭ֣ǿղһȭڹʯ飬ǽ͵ع뵽ʯ֮Уʯܳôǿ˲ʱըƬ 
Щʯ鳯ܷٶȾûӵ죬Ҳ˶٣Щʯڻ̺һЩ֣ǿĹ 
֮ЩƾһĹȫ޷֮ܶһ ûͷף׷ͷ𣬱ǿð̵ŭ֣ǿһĳ˹ȥ  
ʱ֣ǿ类ʯͷС˵ҲϰٸΪˣҲҽʹװһȿ޻ѿЦֵܵ侲ȫˣǿҲҲκβͨƽԻʽǧҪ 
֣ǿҲ֪Ļֲס˵䲻ͣȥ 䱸Ŀǰļֵܣɹ˵ǰͷ˲˺棬֪˭ӺһţæǰŤͷȥ˳⵱һӿϡ֣ǿղŤͷʱֻ۾пһЦ죡úޡ 
𳾰סıֳڣˡȭ֮һĲҽУ 
˵ĥ˽Сʱͣ߹ȥһѱͷڵװ֣ǿİɣһΪ㱨ģһЦ֣ǿĻΣ 
תͷ˴20ʱ䣬ȥϤһԼڵһҽָεʵսϰ˶Ҵ򣡡 
˴󾪣*ⲻǰ 
һС̲סҿ  
һаЦĶȻҿ飬Ȼһúչģ밤ɣǻȥݺݵ󼸸úġ 
˼ûмǮýҲϽϰҲǾ֪20ڲôҲܴù죬ڼɽӳȭϤԼ󣬶֮ҲٰȭһʱɽһĴʯ鱬֮ 
Ǹ־ͲˣпǰɽʱʹԸǵķӣڱԼҲһζ 
ʱ̫ɱǼˣ 
⴦ʱٶȿĲ˼飬ϢǽСѩӺҲýСѩߺɱ˶ڼ̵ʱɣһЩ춯Ҳᱻ֪СѩȥҲûñڵ˲ 
Сѩȥһű˷ȥˣ˴֮ɫæ֪̫ͨĸ飡 
õϢ˳רϵ˳ɶԼĶǲҲ̶õ״𺳣ʹ֮ҲܴӼ˵״ᵽֶԼӵļȷߺ޺Ͳ̣ͬʱҲɱߵķǳоܲ򵥣æѶϢԮҲʼ˵ֵɱԭ 
ߺ޸ǹľһ߹ľǸʩԡİŵʬ壬һ߹ľŵǷʱε̫ʬ壬˵ʬ廹˵һ鱻ƤУʬݲ̫ҪѾ֪Եĸȥˣ 
һа֮һʹĹ߹ľǰΧվٲһİ֮ˣ溬⣬ȴû˵Եúܾ 
аߴ˳ĬҧгݵͷĵӣǳҪúõһȴû뵽һһʧٵ³һҪǸɱܾĥԱͽ֮𣡡ȫаʢ˫ĿҲЩ졣 



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   ޣԼ״Ȼҵ˳̶ȣʱ˵ʲôƨǶģҵǸһҪ˺˲ܽͷ֮ޣ ͬʱҲǲ⣬̫ȱݲħŹһͨôֹأǳģֻǱС꼰ĶѣԼôҲûеκ֮ˣӱĲ̵ɱԭûŹǰ˼⣡֮ԭ飬þۻ̽ǵļѾǲܣһһİŵĪʧ٣ҲΪڳ˵ϢҲıˣ˭ɵĶ֪ܲܽը˰ɣ 
߽һ30ˣǰŵӣҲĸ£ֱӳ֮ȥ 
δѼеʵգôˣ 
æشʦ壬̫ʦʱûκ˽𣬸δ֮˽Ӵֻ졭˵ͻȻͣ 
ԱаȴЩżСǲƤˣ˵ȥµĸ 
պߣæŵ̫ʦһһֱ׷һѩŮӣ̫ʦԼһͿȣȹݵԱ˵ѩںȿʱͻȻε̫ʦܺ˴ߵģ̫ʦڳɶʶѣҲ̫ʦܺʦһͬɱ֮ˣ̫ʦܺ˴˻ʱҲ˿ʦܺͺηʦҲǱ̫ʦܻȥģλʦܱɱĴһЩͼŮͷӦѩŮйأ 
յĻί񣬵˶⻰е˼˾Ϊ̫ɫǻ׹ףǾԲΪ̫ӦãٸɫʲôǿѣοûнٵôС¾ʧȥӣܽܡ 
ǸѩļûУ 
ûʲôĸһҹ˾ְͨԱݺ;͸ǰʱͻȻֵѾЩ̫Ѱˣݼѩѵ˵˵òʶиһеĸоһʹֱʵѩһֵڵĺܳʼˣǳֵֻܲ鵽һѩվۻԺ£ǰ˵ǿհףͨȥ·ҵסһǾ޴԰ʽұȥ̽һǵʵǴһǿĽУûȥҲֻ˻ˣ 
˴Ϻɶʱľרܲ鵽Źˣ 
վĿ¶׹ĵߣˣϱȥʶһ£ƾʲôô󵨵ɱҰˣʱ鲻ĿԶʺʹƳˣһɷħ 
Ļ䣬Ǳһ׳ʵĴӺʦ壬ʲôֱӷɹȥˣֿʡ£ΣԼ鲻 
ȥԴһ£ԴͲһЩΪ⻹ɽﰡȥ ûй㣬ǴУٶȣȥԣû׼ɵ·ͱеķϵͳ֣۹ǹըϱҲ˵Ҳ׳գ߳˴ 
֣ǿʮ ǿŽνʵսϰǵ͵۶֣࣬ǿʮ˱׷üɹ޵ǶıҲɿļǿһ˦ȥȻҲûеʱ 
ͻ˲֪ʲôʱվ˽⿴šϷǰһѶʮֻĿǰʽļǹʮѱ֮ӳֹսһѹⱬżڣ 
췢Լ˵ӿҲȱȱͣժȥ˽֣ǿʮ˵ˣ͵ɣԺ󻹶ڶǵװ˵ų֮˹ȥ 
֣ǿ͵ĸ˹ȥǶѶʱ۴еȥȻ˺ǿ˳ȻסȽջÿһ֧ǹŪţ޲ڣѵǴ˵еĳǹû뵽Ƴɹˣ棡ԡЩ߼ôܵأУǸôأ 
һ˷ܹ뵽һЩ̫ܽܵ⣬׷׽ɻĿͶˡ 
ضǵôС֣ЩֻǸʱʹõԺиõģǼסǽʥ鹦ʼǾʥ鼯ŵһԱҪǰڲʱ־ԷӵԺҳϣЩ»û֪ʱԺҲٿ˶֮²ɣ˵ʱЩ䡣 
֣ǿʮ˶ܵǳصͷ뷨ǿ϶ģ 
Щˬسƾһսͨͳɳ˵ѵбҪǻʲôɣúǽ齨ʥţǻʥ鼯ŵĴںԻɵ̬ȣǾóҹҿɲԺʥӵ쵼֮ˣҲֻӲˣöڻĲ̫ܽ 
ҲϵҲ룬ϴһ˵ҲһڽϡãΪʥ鼯Ǹʲôģȥ䣿٣ԺͻԼǶôˣ֪Լܻţ 
ʱ֣ǿҲѹ԰ǵʲô¸ɲɣղ治ΪȽһЩõ뷨ԼڵҲ͵ģҲЧʥ鼯ˣôղԴһתأԺѱˣ 
ûǣԹԵĽŵֻҪǽҴڵĹһֱȥͬ٣ǽҲô˵еħǰӤСǽҪһȫķԽ˵Խˡ 
˵Щ˵ģųĻˡ 
տڣֽŶһ㶵֣ǿʮ˵ǸμסԺ󶼻Ϊʥľˣ˵еľźܴĲͬԺͻף˵ְǲģûбҳϺ;Եķӡ 
Ǵʱͦˣظľ״̬ҲڲöˣϵĶǹҸģǹÿһ֧ⱬÿ˰˿ţʮսԼӳ֣ÿһףھȫװϣ 
֣ǿʮӦǡɿǰԿʼװԼ 
Ƕװ˲ԾսУ¶ЦͷסĹʥ鼯ŵ߻ܣйԺսʱҲҪʹĹЩΣʱܺˣ˵ľеĿƼ 
֣ǿʮ˶ŹֵĹ涨Ҳûȥ²⣬䣬ҲӦǣ 
ͻȻϵġֱ˵εΡ 
̧΢΢һйˣ˻أǽĻֱһںȥһǶʵġ 
Ȼ֪ЩνĹʲôˣҲЦȻȽģһûǣ⵹ãȴˣҲʡǲ£𣿺ٺ٣ 
˵תͷԻûô֣ǿʮ˵¡˽żҵطҽ̰ɣ˺һȥ͸֣Ȼ£ 
֣ǿʮһ˵תȥ 
֣ǿ̸ȥʣµ˷ֱ̧żڡҡߵءȥˣЩﶼϰһףȻᴫܣ 
ǵĳյĴֱʻ˱ĴſڣҪȥͶȴͻȻش˿Եͨﴫİɡû 
ǰڻ԰мˮ·еëëģǿҵظеȥԲк·Ҳܲ˻ȥɣȲ˵Ϊӱ𣬾˻ȥҲ޷һ˽ܲܵתͷǵλʦ塢ʦʦ֡ʦܣʵҲûʲô˵ģҪҲõ˼ȥƴɣǻȥ꼸Ȧ齫ʵڣǺǣ⻰Ұģ 
֪ҲܻͷˣŴ򿪣ͽֱӽʻ˽ȥĲҲԽǿңҲ̫˵㣬ƾԼĹȻϵĽ 
һֱʻˮ·ͷͣʱ졢֣ǿ˶ѵ֣ǿδսʿһȫվ졢ͻ󣬶ȴһд磬վһôҲЭ 
³˳ȥЩ֣Щûһ˿ߵϢòҴ˰ǾȻǹԸǣǸЦ 
ֹ飬ͬĿɶǰŵħ֮ˣҲͬоЩϢֵԼôЩĪĽźѹָо 
ߵԱߣСǰӦþѩճ֮ˣмǸͷѩѣ 
˵ͷߵǼ״ĲŵطͣϸϸĴǰ֮ˣȫװ֣ǿ˻û̶ֳȵȻ˵ǣЩܲվñ˴ɣЩͨ˻һȭȫ㶨 
ϸϸĴվǰˣÿľ֪ûϢȴһĪѹرǸڷСӣǸаЦ﷢ëȷһָĪĸо 
˾ֱ˲򵥣ϸ˵ʱپôʰҲ٣صĲǺ֮ˣ 
΢ЦЩϻͲ˵˰ɣҪ˵ɣʲôģǻ˹ȥ⻰ʵҪЩħ֪֮ʥŴĻǽ֪ 
ɫ䣬û뵽һҲƾԼŻ˭ɣ׼ȥǵ֣ԱǸаͻȻ˳˵ͽ˭ɱģԼվһܼȻǶζ 
쿴׳ƵĿλ㿴òӦϳŶԣܳҪŻСô찡ٺ٣Ѿ˵ֵɰ׳ˣ 
аߴŭҪѣȴóһסһɵݣͽηԪԪ񱻶ڣȼŹŹֵһԪּ尾Ŵ첻ͣҽУȴκε 
²ֹаߣ˶̵ַˣԪض£ԶģȴʹеʹηԪܵĲϵ̣˵̫ࡣ 
óװԪݺ󵭵ĵҽһ֮˵֪£Ԫ̣֮һﲻţΪ֤Լĳţֻж֤ˣ̫⼸ɱģΪһ޷ܺ飬κðСѩ˶˵ɱ͸ȥ 
Щɱ͸֮ˣһ˲һ׹ߵľоֻһ˲䣬ȻɱǱɱۣ 
а߿ɹܲôˡԼͽܵԪȻԼǰĥܣ۾ıѪɫͷ·ͣƮɣħͣĻħе˶㣡 
аͻȻһһ糤ĺɫСڷɳȥԼҲȥ 
߸շɵһ룬ȴ֡ϡһУ˻ɻʱȴֽһӣƨأ׵ϸߣ 
ԭղķɽûзɵǰͱȥ˳ָһȭ 
аǸѽȻ˲һȭϣܴ谡סϵʹվִһֳǰȥ 



ڰ ħ

   ҲѧֽһצĶŷаӭȥܵģǿܱ֣ ܿ˶ײһ𣬽Ŵˡƴƴ顯Ĵ첻ͣĲҽԭһʼΧĳ˴򶷵龰һ֮Ĵ򶷶ἤҲû̫໳ɣĶĲҽﶼֵû 
ʮһεԣһ˫³չѧǵչ֣ǿ̲סЦ˳ 
һ˾йÿˣɴ˫ۣ°Ϳ˵ϣ 
˻ȥֻʣһѱòιȥ˵аߣһ֪ܵȫˣǱˣȭͷġЩҲû취ιȥˣӦǱεİɣ 
ǲĽĿ⳯쿴ȥղڲҽôһҲûУĪЩаŵĽһʰȵ 
鳯⣬аЦӱʱϲԼҽУƨ°* 
ۿԷҪսҲ֪ʱˣ֣ǿ˵ѾȼˣԺͿǱˣҺݺݵĴ򣬷İɣ⼤ǹǵģúܲܡУڿʼǶľܵǵĹҲҪ£ֵħֻܳΪǵĲƷκ˺ģͨ͸˵ˣ 
֣ǿԲһͷܾ׼ 
ħ׼ȺͻɿĴ֣ǿм䴩˳ȥ˶һЦݣ 
ߵ˿׼ܣмǰٷȥ׼أ˻ڿУͻȻԱһİÿǰ·϶ƿһСƤѾһڵСӶ⻹˻ȻǿɾͲˣҲСܵһ˿˺Լ¾Ȼͨǹ˳Ӵʹ 
֣ǿҲǳһͳļǹǿ֪ģǰİ뵼弤ǹǿ̫࣬Щ˾Ȼؿǹվıֱǲ˼飬ʺϲˣ֣ǿֳǳһ˿һǹ 
Ǽ˶ѾԶԼôħ߾ȻǹͨסǻˣԶֲ̹ǲᣬ漴һħճ֣ǿǻ˹ȥЩ˿ɲųǵķҪǱˣǿɵʹ 
֣ǿ˶Ӳ˼ĴֹȻ˲Լ侢Լգǰչȫķһʱ׹䣬˶ӳ˹ⱬɲһǿ˹ǿ⣬Ϊ֮ȫըüɹͣ 
Сѩ졢ڲԶһСɽϣһ߳Źӣһ߿ǸԿƼֳݣ 
Сѩձӱ˵ǽݣ̫ĸ״Ѱ𣬲ҲȷʵÿôħȻ֣ǿ֧ǹüɹܲȥ 
ǵȻܲȥղ뿪ʱ罫ͣƾǵ϶Ʋˣ 
СѩͻȻһ˷ܵĶɣһǹҲȥ棬ЩҲ㿴֣ǿĶ࿪ģɽϹȥ 
ȷСѩҪȥ󣬲ŴӿռóһСɵĳǹݸСѩֽػ֮ķܿԼ˼ʵĽŵˣȥˣ֣ǿǼԶ㣬Ҫײһˣǵķûôֲ 
СѩΪʲô֣ǿԶ㣬ҲûʲôǹͳгȥۿҪײڣæ˵ţȥ̾СѩʲôʱܸĵϲŰ˵ϰ߰ 
Ⱥѵ˿챻ıԵԼЩڰźħڵıӻһֱ·ԲƣھȻֵֹͨ˵ǹ棬ԼЩ˾Ӳûа취룬ƴȫϣƨûУһܵӣҲ岻ȥÿγ嵽;ǰһ·NըųȥǱ˻˵·̲ƣ⻹ʲôͷܶУΧǿĽôνĸʲôʱµĽ綼֪οԶˣҪҵһȻܵɽȥŹӿϷ 
ʱͻȻһðݵŮӳսУһĺţ尡ɱߺüСǹȺ䣬ǹޱȣȻһҲû䵽 
ĳ˫ͣŮӣţп㡢СTһּഺɰĸо 
һŮȴŵĴ󺰴УһѼǹ˾䣡Ҳ̫˰ɣ 
Сѩȥ֣ǿˣСѩԶ㣡֣ǿҲСѩһ⻰ָ⣬ΪʲôҪˣСѩԶЩ 
еĻƴҲֻͣһ¶ѣСѩŸߵ˻ѣھȻһСѾͷҲǣԼҪٲһصӣǻɱˡ 
ǸĴӣСѩǹʵ̲סˣƵĳСѩ˹ȥСѩ֮æǹ䣬֣ǿȴǽӵҪߵ£Сѩһ棬Σյģ 
ǸӲСѩNǹڳ嵽СѩԱߣʱ·ȥɸˣȫǶ嶼ɢŵĽζ 
һСѩæСѩСѩ㲻£û˵ģôôɣ˶Ĺȥ 
ǸӾеĴ󿳵һСѩͷն 
СѩȻ֪ܵһ˿˺Ҳ˲Լ⵱ͷһĶҲ̲סг 
Ǹ߷ֱס˵򣡸ж˾гʵڲ̿ôŮӱһ밡 
Ԥϵ龰ûг֣ǴĿСѩͷ紦ʱͻȻСѩųһĹΣ˴سֱֱ˳ȥһֱײ֮ڲŷ˵ϣڵʱѾ£ 
ղŴһʱСѩѾ۾õȲ۾ȴ˴ӣΧ˶ŴͿ 
Щ˶СѩŴ˵ӣǾװģȴ*Լķһ⣬˺ɳȥЩħ߶Ϊһʲôķ+ 
ҪĻԼЩ˿ĲҵѼˣһȺ˱һŮ۸һ֣Ҫǻ־ԻᱻķʱҲѲƤ治֪ʲô£Щ֮ˣڶʲô֮ˣֻҪ뿪Īı̬֮أǾˣ 
֣ǿʱҲΪʲôǲҪӽСѩҪǲСıײһ£ǻ治Ǻģ 
еĵƴͣСѩղһţûҿǹҪҪģȻ˲ԼҲܽŸģ 
֣ǿ˽ӵҲûٹǱ˸Ҷˣ˲ѾħˣҪȥǱˣǲ 
˹ȥ˽վȺǱѵǰѾùˣСѩղҲˣǵĳ֮ҲǽˣǶԼĳһˣ 
ͻȻ˶ʮ꣬ͷɢվǰʵǵǺηʥЩôҪɱǾ͸ʹ죬̫𣬾ӣźħҲẬЩ˵ЩӲͱ飬ֻһͷЦˣ 
΢Цİʥ˳ǸħҲẬ𣿡ǶȤ۾һֱ飬ʲôӳ 
鿴ܾЩϤһʱ벻֣ 
ʱһϵİ֮ͻȻ첽˳ǰŵħڰŵμ!Դ׶˵ϣ˿̧ 
ʱⲻǰʦԼǸеƵҲݣͷ϶ĺ鲻ͣµˣһãҪ˵ţ˵ħڶˣ 
ЩµͬʱҲ˿ҳɵĹǰԱǸħһ̧ͷ 
˾ˣǸͲ֪ô£λŵĳϺִΪʲôôǣһģ֪ô죬ԼǲҲùɳ˹ʦųʵ벻ͨΪʲôҪˣ 
ʵҲѹǣ֮Ҳÿɶ֪֪ҲֻеŻ֪ģЩСɫôףЩѷħʦ汲ҲֻǴūͶأ 
ﰵɲЩ˰Ϊɴ֮ѺˣȴڵðǲǸ 
ȥĶӴѣȻٴŵɫ*SBôɳԼѾ͵ЦˣĻΪԼӺ˵ʹƽϣ 
Ȼ̧ͷҶӺ˵ǾȡӲ˿֮⣬Դð֮𷣣 
Щϸ֮˿ɾϴˣ*ƨʲôִ¾ȻԼӵĳҲˣԼЩ˱˰죬ҪԼⲻǷֻ룬û˸˵ 
ĶҵĳѾ˽ˣǽҲǵõ˳ͷҪ֮ȥԺЩҲҪˣȻӦ׺ģˣǴ߰ɣЩһˬӣǲ鷳ȱ鷳أ 
ߵɿվȥǿɲҵڽһΣ 
ǼĳҲ˼ǸСͳܿȻǴ󲿷ֻ·ȥˣΣЩ˺ͻȻ书ȥʱܵ찡 
ʱ֣ǿ˸ЩĪ⣬Ⱥ˵еħ֮ȻҲ£ȴЩԼǹ棡Ī 
Цǲ׺û¶ˣҪÿζСֵĺòãȺҲ̫ˣڶûϾȫ޻֮ˣôûİɣЦĿ֣ǿˡ 
ʱͻҲشڵĸ˹ 
֣ǿȻû˵ʲôǸ⾢֪һúܹ񫣬⼸شڵĿɾЩʧˣֻܶԶķüڵĹűˡ 
̫⣬СѩĽȥʱҲǸˣЦĶ֣ǿʮ˵ǷİɣԺеôе棡 
Цݵˣڰһ£һ𵽴ȥ¡ 
һСʱ󣬰Сѩһʮĸ˶˱ȿڵĶʥĵĳԱʥ鼯ųһξۻᣬһЩҪеļƻͰڸ˵һ£ 
Ŷ֣ǿʮ˵ ÿ˶зֹʮҲ⣬ӽ쿪ʼǾʥʮ̹٣֣ǿΪףѵԺʥˣʥųȫҪھְҲְ̹֮ʥ鴫µʥľľʮͬĵȼ汾ѧǵĹԺ6µĹǿԶ¼ʥ֮˴ڣصĹͻܴߵĵȼȻǵġ 



ھ ȫչ

   ǶͷʾףֽŵϰԺһʱҪڰΪʥ鼯ǳЭ˭ԸȥȻɣϰҪУҲҪЭΪԱƸ˽ʽѵͱȽæˣҲ߶Ҫչ˶һҪƴ׬ǮҲҪЭңҵĹصҵǱߣСѩҵְͬʱҲ˽飬Ҳʱңٺ湻ݵģ ֣ǿǶСѩ˽֮ЦɿͻҲƺӲǲЦҲֻסˣ 
ǵı鿴Ҳû˿Ĳ˼ŵ֣ǿʣµǱߵĻؽǰڱʱ֮˶͵ѵǶԱֻ3000ˣһҪǳΪĲӣǰڲϵЩѵóˣЩǵľˣ̫ãѵǵģûУ 
֣ǿʮæӦˡ˵˵еʿɶأ 
Цſڵ˭ȥڵΣ˵ûֱӡ 
һһµ̱ʾԸ 
Цǽ°ɣҼˣҺϴչһҹܻᣬҪȥգҹֽܻΪ쳯ֻ׬ǮģҪ˲źͷչԺҪȫ󲿷ֵĵһĹÿƼͱƴԸЩһǿɲҪ⣬ڵϻкܶǲǿڣҲΪǵĴڣǲ͵͵ķչҲ˶ˣֻҪ㹻Ͳ˦ǣ 
¶Щ˷ܺڴĵʲôһ飬ЩͲݵ˵µĿѾȤˣ 
ĻŸ˵ֿ꣬ڵǸеģڳὨһռǧĶĿлأҲǱϵģطʵǽʥŵĵһפأʥ鼯ǿǰĵһأҪȫΪʥǿ׼ģͬʱҪбʥЩ󲿷ݶǹƼˣ֮˭Ըһȥ 
ΰſʾԸŻ壬˶ԿƼеȤ 
ЦŵǸ׬ǮģҵĿҲܼ򵥣Ǿǿ羭ãҪɻҲһģ˭Ըһ죿 
֣ǿ͸ղѴӦ졢⣬˶վʾ죡 
Ҳѹ֣ǿɶ֪ϴ󣬶һרŸ׬ǮģԺһԳĺˣ⻹ѡ 
ô˶Ը°ͶЦˣԼĸȻô֣֪˿еĶֻΪ׬Ǯ֪ܲЦôģ 
ȷ 
֮˽һʱڵĹϸڣʱѽ磬ǵ󸻺Ƶȥúףһֵף»治٣ 
һʱ䣬ʥ鼯Ž˱Ƚϰȵչڡ 
ʱæҪˣоԺ֮ǰļ£Ҳֻܽʱİ칫ֱǱߵһڹ깤ת˹ȥ 
ڲͣĸһЩƼƷ׬Ǯͬʱý࣬Ҫо 
ЩоΪص㣬һǵҩоҩһ㶼ķƶɣҩƵĹؼƷϣķڹʱռ˺ܶ࣬ȻˣȥϲоĶоЩԭݣҳһЩõĶ 
ҩƵķѾ˲٣ЩƵҩĲȴңرƷҩϲҪضҩԣһҪ㹻ԽߣҩԽǿ 
ЩҩԺչʱ϶ҪõҲȥЩҩģΨһİ취ҳһֲܿҩķΪרܻصǰڵǴɽȽоᵽźܶഫ˵еҩ 
嵽ɽȺȻ˲ٳҩģЩҩĳɷݽϸĻóĽǣЩνҩҩʵûʲôر֮ҩܶೣҩҲЩҩԣЩҩĹؼ֮еǹ֮һЩ⻷ɰǧ꣬ʱеűҩģ 
⸽νһЩоЩֻΪһЩĵһЩصѣ 
Щռ¼뵽нݣҳЩ۵һԭ򣬶ҿԶҩĽдǿٵЩ 
óЩۺɿȻص˱ʵ飬ȻľԭЩͨҩڲһЩ֮ٽǷڼˡĿռڣЩͨҩĺܿͱ˾ҩЩĲɲݸ 
ʱһЩС鷳ΪҪ߷Ļ͸½ƣһЩ֣ǿʥ鴫 һֱǸϣӲǸֲͬЧҩͬĵҩڻе豸 
ҪһЩ֮ɵҩ˵׾٣ҪһЩȥͨҩ鷳ѵҩò㶼У治֪ô£ 
ڶҪصоѰҿǵ⣬й̽Źҷİ˿սĹЩ̽ԵΪģ뾶Ϊ500ǿս̽⡣ 
й̽̽ⷽʽҪɵȥ飬Ҫ̽пռ仹ҪNNN갡 
ʵÿһ嶼ⷢͬĹⲨЩⲨ˺ܶิӵϢй̽ľǲͣؽض뷶ΧڷĹⲨռ 
Ҫ¿ɾͶˣҪЩռĹⲨϢͷ࣬ȻϿһЩԭʼжԱȺͷԽЩռϢ⻯ݣƳһ500뾶ǿͼ 
⻯ݿɲ򵥣Ҫ⻯Χڵ壬ԼЩĹɺҪĸֱ仯ݣռһ100괦ϢռЩϢ100ǰԹⲨʽģݾҪϢ100괦壬100Ľм仹ԭɵӰ죡 
óĽûϲҲǣϲǷʮܻǽʯװǣ⻹ʮʿص塣 
ǻһƵ򣬶Ҹ򷢳ĹⲨϢӵи߼ĿԺСŽӽԲεйһűǡ 
ΧƵǿźԵľֱã궼˺򣬶Ǻܴ󣬷䵽ĹҲ㣬ҹ²Ӧ÷ǳСǿ϶ģҪǽؿϵˣ 
ûеǵЩ̲мֵǿ壬ǸܿǶԶһҲ200⣡ 
ôԶľҪȥɿֻǿԾķʽȥڵϸûܳǿԾĽҲʹ˵Ҫо 
оĿľǸһֿԳܿռԾʱ˺Ľ 
ʵǿȵĽԪؽкϳɣҪǳӴڵϿƼ̶Ⱥû쵽 
Ҳֻİ취İ취һֿϵķʽķѺϽжηȻǿȺͿѹеȸܶ˺ܶ౶һ̶ȺͲˣҲȫԴﵽǿԾҪ󣡶ЩߵϢͨԣ 
һ˵ķ֣ҪԺ˷ǳõĽķеǸʲôһ⾰ 
Ȼ⻯һߵѽЧ൱һ컯ѽƳʼ̽ˣжЩǺͿʵ̽飡 
ۻˣڵκһҪֹΰܿİ»˺ܳʱ̽ˣ̫գ 
ڸЩҪоͬʱΪǱߵ׬ǮƣоԺһڹ̱һרоĵط 
ҪһЩѧҸǳųӵģչЩĿƼԱȴǶҪ꣬Щ˱ǽŸĪоһЦ죬ЩƼԱҲЦ죬ΪĪѧ˺ܶ೬ǰ֪ʶ 
ƼˣȴȫƸоԺ˹⻹湻ֵģһӾǧˣȫֳǹ֤ʽѵ⻹ӪҵıֱǸ 
оԺԱҲǧңռǧˣÿʮһˣЩҲʣĿԱҲеǲ⣬ȴҲаȫУΪЩʥҵĶڸȫĻڹɣ׬Ǯ࣬û취Σ 
ЩҲ汻ΰſѵģ˴˲ŵ֣ǿѵ 
ʱɲ׬ǮˣֻáǮֲܱʽٶȣЦûˣһڱ㼸ԲٿľãҲ񫣡 
һʼûΪʥҵбǽͷõʽȫͶ뵽˽гУڰĽʽ 
ڵĹСкͻʵȫ绯ֻҪһڻͷ緶Χڶ㻧ͷϵʽиֲǮҲ֪ 
ʥռϢϼ϶⳴ַ£ʱȫĽϵͳ̱ԳƵһȫԵĽΣ 
ַεù֣йֿĽһЩչˡҲû֪εڴһɵģ 
Ȼ͹˽Эʥҵ48%ĹɷݹУҳʥһɶȻҪæҲкܶҪҰæ˵ҪôǮԺҲûʲôãң 
⼸±ߵʽҲϰڣ˼Сң 
ºſʼͨͷ˾ƸְλҵԱȻչ˹ڼҵͶʽߵóϵĶʹȨȻûչˣǿ⣬˶ҪҲ׬İѽ 
ǮǣҲͻ߼۽װóϵĶʹȨ 
ʥҵʹȨʱ֪ҵΪԺʹװãЩ͸ûг;صֶעᱻ̭ԺĳԴߵ硣 
չļҵҲҵڵҵȫĸֳ۸൱ʵõĵʽװãԺҵԤĽʥҵ¢ϣ 
ҿʥҵΪʹȨڱصãǱռǧĶʥоԺͿʼ裬ûһ꣬ôظ 
Щһʥҵ벻УʱҲˣֻһЩͨ˵עѣʥŻЩ֮˾һȤģ 
ֻ˿飬տʼڽгڡǮʱ򣬾ͿʼչֲƷҵ 
չЩҵ÷ǳܣչһҵ͸ĲͬṩõĲƷؼٸһЩҵӪĽԼչȻǵĲ״ᱻȫأ 



ʮ 

   һһҵӱЩҵĲƷ˸򣬴ҩʳƷƷеƼͨѶȵȸ棬ЩҵĲƷгϣͬƷܶ࣬ÿƷִ粻ͬطҵ¢ϣ ҵƷٷչļΪЩƷͬʱҲΪƷƱֶˡ 
ͨ˵ĸƷͣĸٸ£ܶ౾Чռ½ҵҲϱҲ˳칫豸еͣĻǲаΪĶڼʱھͱϹŶЩˣҲ˳ӦĽ࣡ 
ߵҵܲ࣬оԺǱһҲǹƼˣľǲһԭ˾»ٱһͨ˾Ӣ 
Ще߱ѡ˳ʽʥ鼯ţ͵˱֣ǿ书ûо·ѵ 
ţҪˣˡǻ󣬽ָĳˡ쳯 
ӲĥŻ彫ЩǰԱݷ˹̸ȥѵԱҲкܿ콫ú 
Ƹ֣Щ˷ֳȼֱһĻ쳯ӣԼĵġɨ顯ԱɨֿԼģҲ֪Դǲǽˮ 
ЩͨĻ춼쵽һݹʣֻڵ֮˵Ĺ߶ѣҲֻһЩͷĿŻʸһ֧ǹĻ컹õҲûǽѵΪǸûʲôҪ 
쳯ԱǴЩѡ֮ˣ½ͳܺѵЩ˲ҪһЩĳǰ»ѵһԻṩĵҩǵܣÿ˵ܶ˵嵽ʮһĺڵ֮˽ƴû⣬ǶһЩǹ֧ƼǵþС¶˺ȥˣȻٽձ˵ĵ̺Ա 
ɨ쳯ѡģǱǾӢеľӢˣžԵҳϣЩ˱ֱӵ䣬õҩΪ4ʥ鹦ͬʱΪ˹Ƶĺǵ쳯Ա˵ǿ֯ʱٳɨ 
տʼ£쳯ֻáڶݣġˡͻ崦ϵŽǮ͵ҩ 
չҲȷʵй죬µʱ䣬㽫ɶΧееȫˣЩһĺڵ쳯ӵ棬Ҳ֮˳ɨ˽ǱͷҲ̫ƽˣ 
ʱĵϴʵ̫󣬸ûгʲôĶƴ棬ټĿΣͨ˶һĺڵûʲôо 
ɨƽ˳ɶܱ߳еĵǱֻľҲղĸֳͺڵõЩ⣡ֻЩѡ 
¿쳯Ĵʱڣ֮ǰĺڵƴУҲ뵽һԿٷչĺ÷ 
Щĺڵѡ֮ˣǳʵ쳯ȥСʱѵͿѡܼ뵽ɨ֮ˣֻҪɨ飬Ǿ͵ڳΪʥ鼯ŵһԱ 
ǳΪʥԱͬʱ跢ߵԪ֮ģԶЧʥ飡Ԫ֮һⷽԼ֮Ԫ֮п²ĥľӡΪԺ׼ 
ͻ͵֣ǿȥľӢҲ跢Ԫ֮ģʵҲǲѵģƻеʥ鴫ռûпʼЩȻǾ˳Ƕµ˼ʥԺҲгͻԪ֮ҲΪǸ뵽ʥͥ 
ʱûг֣ǿ˹ȥҲ֮ʣôὫأ 
ɨҳһۺǿ쵼֮ˣǵ弶ʥ鹦Ǹ10 ɨԱ50쳯ӵĳԱȫг 
Ǵʽ͵ҩǵһкչһҹܻᣬȻķʽȻС죬ȻӣԵҩ߱Աܣڱ﷢㲢*֮˺ǵ쳯ܲ 
Щȫرѡ쳯ܲľӢЧʥ̻ļʥ鴫йͳһѵѵǶװصʱĳУʽΪɨֲԱĸָӣ 
Ȼ˾ӢеľӢᱻ쳯ܲЩ쳯ĳӢ촫弶ʥ鹦֯Щ֣ǿʥͬʥŵĺ----̣ЩǺˣ˵ˣ 
е׼úһ£ʽɨڴжʼǱҲϵĸ˸ȫɨж໥Ӧжȫͬʱչ! 
йȫɨ죬ټڶĹǰ濪·ҲֵЦǺǣֻںյ̴ƹʲôģӲͷʹֱ˹ȥȫͷ˵ 
һЩǣֱ̫߸ĺֻԡ񡱵㶨Щһʧȥ˵̺ǲͣĵл治֪лʲô! 
ЩʵҲܺܿ㶨ûʡ£ɲ뽫ڵƴɴ̣ڽЩʥŴ˳ɲ̫ճ 
ֵǣΪȴһҲûϺĶеشҲǸչˣûʲô崫߳ͷǸϰҲ֪ȥ治֪Щһڸʲôɻ 
ܿйںڵ඼˹ȥֲ֯ҲһСĸˣйĵֻʣ쳯ֵﵽ˶壬쳯µͳΪ 
ͻ󣬾ݲǳǰϺһ޶˹⣬Щ˵ȫ˽⣬Ǳߵɲ񡯵ʣҪʱ˴ĳͻǿֻпˣ 
еȻǸ顭 
ȫʵòƷйпţЩһ͵ЦԼͻȻðҵ˽ѣЩҵص֣ߴⲻ֪ЩҵͲԼҵˣҲҿȫҵܻƶȣȻݵο֮Ҳˣޱû 
ͬʱҲĽҵҲ׬ǮһֱǮҲЩ˼ˣ 
ڵйԿáǮơݣȫľ¸ûץסûᣬ˵˵ؽ̭ʸһЩЩȻ̭ƷŵȥҲƵǶ⣡ 
ЩԽһЩȥͺűעԴϢЩġ 
ͨЩϺܶҺУЩҺ඼ΪЩνĳսЩòҲˣɣ֧㡭  
ͷָһĳƺţǸˬʱ˵Ĺˣһ˹ȥһ͸˱ˣֻһ仰趼ʶһ˻ʲô˵أֻ˳̵ľ͸һ 
˵һ֣ǿߣʱȻ˵㣬ҲʵֵĻ߼ʥ鹦ڸͣһ֮ѵЩõҩٴļĹɶǳ˰ѵôһˣֲܲŹ֣ 
֣ǿ齨ʥӣѵһʱǷֳ飬ֱű죡ԼҪ£ʥѡ˸ͻ֮ˡʥǵ弶ĹԶǽϸĲ 
ǴԳƵǸƼźɨҲʥԳԱְɵģҲȷʵ󣬽ҲǿǧѵҲӵʲôῴǾȻģԭǧ˵ģ̫ˣû취ֻԱˡ 
СѩĸҲͰᵽ˱סҲеΪˣʱʲôޱȾȣ°ѾNΣ¼ҲľˣСѩͻȻһȥУǿҲֻᵭ˵ȼӣҽȥʰ· 
ҲûʲôȥϰˣȤĸ֣ǿʥ鹦֣ǿɾЩͷˣѧϰɲộǿʥսϴĸ˰ôֻðЦƨƨĴˡ 
ڹϵʽӱ濴Ҳ̫ӽгĴʽ𣬱ЩνרҽΪĭ־ȫʱûоסͼѹĿ飬һ֣ʽĪʧͺǿܱûнǿɣ 
ܿƵЩ鲼ȫҵȫΪ֮ͬʱҲǰܵ˳ǰƼĸֱȻǮѾʣ޼ǾÿƼڷԾ⣡ӲԶˡ 
йɾͲҵˣΪԼڴ󲿷ֵĲƷʶ*ڣȻЩãұˣͨڵõ˺ܴʵʺôȫóı£ȴղһǮĹ˰ 
ȻҲмҵڲƷǴЩ˰գﹻһÿ֧ҸЩҵȻʽ𶼼йڱصķڣŲöУ˴ǮҲɣܲȥǹаɣ 
ЩҵĵȨ߽ͷץҲûз룬Ҳȫ֣ЩҵóѵǮд֮£ùڼΪƵȥ꣬ͳֻЩҵ쵼вˣ 
ЩȨҲֻܴþٲþԼٿ֧ˣ 
Щƽߴߴν͸пͷˣ⽥յ״Ǿģɵά֮֮ʵľҲ԰̣벻ͨЩǰȺһɱˣôͻȻñϻͣѽȱǲñ˴Ѽȥˡ 
ܵ˵ͨڶҵȨȴΣأһС֮ǣ 
Ԫ205368磬ɶҵ1ţʥҵܲ¥ؼصڡ 
Сѩ죬λʥҵĴмΧһǰ齫Ҫ2053齫ᱻ̭ǻҪģ 
ʥҵչڣȫһЧʺľӪģʽУСѩڳûʲôøˣãСѩеù˿Ҫģûֻûµİ˽һ齫 
ʱպֵƣһƺָ泯µһĥ¶ϲɫҪ淭תȴͣյĻŴȥ 
һӺ󣬻ƿ˷ſ첽˽һ̬ĴЦϴ󣬹ϢϢ!˵߳첽ȥ 
ûĵ*ûðʲôµѴ˵ 
תͷȥƷϣСѩ˴ʮۣǮǮ˵ԽóŵϣЦš 
СѩСˣɣÿζӮһǧˣ㲻Ҫҽ֤ݣǧʱҲѷǲˣˡ 
СѩЦ˼ĬˣΪת˺ŸǮǲˣ˵սȭͷʱ׼ȥ 
̾ɫѵͬʱҲֻܹԹԵͳÿݸװɵصʮҲ4ֲ䲻!ΣʲôʱҲǮǮˣ齫Ҳһ4ڡ 



ʮһ ʥ

   ǮŶһԴżĻ˵ɣʲô£¶˺ܸȤ ڸˡ¡˷ϴǵϴҸᵽǸƵ𣿡˷֮ɫּһЩȴش 
״*ǲƤˣǰ˹ӣ˵ȥٸ׿ҲúúһһʵսһЦʵսӦôã 
СѩҲĻһĴ˵ȥȴǵһ˵Щϡ£ǵڶʥļƻҲȫ˽⣬ʱЩȻ˫ 
Ҳ¶ǸʵսϽŵϴɵǸȥʵز̽ĻѾϢǸǷǳƣܶҲҵʱĲ࣬ļҹ²󣬼ֱǸ͵ĸǡ 
˵¶һЩ֮ɫֵǣû࣬Ҳûļǳ࣬ȴûκθǻȽǿĶﶼûУֻȻĳ̬԰ݡ 
СѩͻȻ˷ܵĴĻ㵸ĵۣһˣǿɲԹȥаӦñʻкܶɰСֿʼĪĻ룬ЩڳμʱѾ̹ˣȴΪСѩǸѵõĻᣬļƨȥٲˣ 
һ˼Իۻ˼ǰΪУΪǵĻ﷢չ˵һͬѰĺ£ҲЩصĿŻ壬ѯ֮⣡ 
ĪѧƨϴϴҲŸոһ˵ϴͰѺȫˣҶϴľ֮ƺӡ 
ִӡͷ˵ûпǱ߽أǿҪʹʹȥϴθ㼸˳ȥôľҪÿռԾķʽ͹ȥȥôܲܽȫĺ˵ȫ㱬ռɣҲѹɻˣ*ڵȷʵͬ취ۼ̫ 
˼ŵϴ㲻Ҫˣ˼ҿǴ幹ɵİֻҪһڵǲ´ˣ 
Сѩ˶Ŵ쿴Сѩ֪ȫɵģ棬˻ɵģôΣҪǶԿڵʥ鴫߾Ͱ׻ˡ 
Ҳ̲סĳȥһ󱩱ŶݺݵصҲ֪ɵİһѶȥǻȰ* 
屻һͨȴһҲں˷֮ɫɲбŰı̬򣬶ȻףЩ⶯ˣʵ֮ǰ׼ͬģջ̫ǿˣûѡأֻǾҪһֻã˷йһ¶ѣ 
СѩףæסΪڶģҲ룬ҪǶĳһ˲䣬пܾʧˡ 
ֲͣװϴҲ֪ǿѾ̽òˣǿǱҪƻǿǴЩùҳæҲҪ͵͵ģ˻Ứȥܳʱܵõʯ㿴Ǹ͸ǸǧѷĺûᣬǳʺסȵϺǧ򱶣ȫԽｨʥĻأֻҪһܻ˺ͱʹȥǾͿǱȫ޹˼ɵĴչܿܽｨΪȫܻأͻһʯֻҪʯİȫڶʱӵŲƹȥǱ߾ͿԽϵѵʱʥźʱҲԺúһЩΪļһ֪ԼǶôС 
˻̨ĵ˵ҲеʧȥҲڲú󲹻ģԸʱûдѣȻֻпˡ 
ͬ⣬ϲϴͬˣ̫ˣ㿴ʲô׼ˣʲôʱʼΣȻǳԶ˱˲ģ 
ݺݵĶŻȻƺˣʲôʵģ߰ɣ 
￴ӣСѩͻ˺ܿ㵽ġʥоԺһƺͽֶ˳ǰִУǾ˵ˣĻΪԼʱ͵δС 
СѩоԺһǳߴĽУоԺĺʵңҲǻĵطҲкܶоԱǶǻѡ֮ˣЧʥ󱻻尲ŵﵱ֣ 
һܴİԲ͸һʮ׳ʮ׿ʮ׸ߵĴӣָӶϴ㿴ӿɷҲٹַƳģֻܳסռԾʱ˺סĶ𻵣װʮܻˣһЩʣǸЩ˾ͿЩʷչҪһУһʱڻʧȥϵֻǸ㵽ʯǿͨѶʱǷյʱ! 
СѩһĻȥλð֮£ҲЩ˷ܵĶԻҪ೤ʱܸ㵽ʯ 
ŵĵ֮ǶȽϽЩ˵ĹЧʿ޵еģ֤5֮ʯ 
˵ôͿԸ㶨Ҳٵʲôʵðɣôʼ 
ָ͸һ΢ĽԲռԾ趨꣬ǸﲻͣǧҪͣһͣᱬըģȻģ˷ 
ԽַŵǸϣڵȥ 
͸ܿжϸ˿״ֱ䵽мŵĴϣܿӶ˹⻪ЩԽԽԽԽۡ 
ѽ죬ģҪһҪˣô*Ҳ֪ͣ汬ըпֻԼͻܻСѩʥ鴫֮˶죡ͨ˾͸˵ˣڳƴҲûʲô취ˣ 
ãǿڴڹ⻪ʢʧȥټҲֹͣڿʹˣȻ˿ԭһûȱ첲ȵģԼףڵǿȺԭѾûпɱˣ 
װִܼڻļϵɹˣúǾʯˣھȽһ°ɡ˵ľӻڿ 
ղſʼһ˷ܵصǰ˶ǾͿʽʼˣһ֮ɫ 
ûͻȻоԾԼڵĪʧϷӳһԶеϴôôհȻáǴ󷨡ҹڵĹֻʣ²ˣңܵÿ죬ȻѲƤɣ 
̻˵ϢҲú϶˵ɫһʵô˵ֻвʱЩ߽ѵˣ 
һŵصϴİɣȻǻʺʥ鴫ʹõװЩѾƺˣܡʽȲˣһһΪռ䡯ѵϵͳռ߿ƼеġʵЧƣԵϵԴ첻ʵϵͳֻü򻯵ռˣõʥ鴫߶źǿռзѵʺϲòʱ䣬ǶΪսĿսʿ 
ͷȻ㶼Ѿ׼ˣǾ;ʥ鴫֮˼еѵɣҲʱ֪Լδʹˣ 
磬һ־һЩ˳˵һξۻеСѩ塢졢֣ǿʮ⣬ֶˣһڷֵľӢӵгǿ֮ˣ˼άӦǿ֮ˣҲжѧϰ߿Ƽ֪ʶ֮ˣǱѡΪʥ鼯ŵĺ쵼㣡 
εľۻûڱУоԺһУҲΪʥ鼯ڵϵĵһأ 
Ŀɨ֮˿ڵĶʥĵĳԱҲǽʥ鼯ߵ쵼㣡ԴϵĴʺѾ˺ܾãҲֻ֪ʥ鼯ӵſֲʵǶ֪ʥҲ֪Ժʲô𣿡 
֣ǿʮֵڵЩ˶͵ͷҲȷʵǺܾãǶԳΪʥ֯һԱһеĸоǶʥ˽̫ˣʱ˼ҪһЩҪ£ܲͷ 
һɫĽԼ켰ʥŴ֮£Լʥ鴫ߵʹѡض˵һ飡Ȼ󾲴 
֣ǿȻ׼ʱҲ˵¾ķǶʥͽҪ½й²⣬˶׼ˣõڵϵĶԲĳչҲû뵽ȻôǿһˮݵĹϵδˣǲʥ鼯Ժ鶼ֻڵΧ˼ѣôҲû뵽ʥ齫Ҫǽȫµе棬ҺܿҪǼʼս 
Ȼ̫࣬ҲֻʹԼʵ˼⣬ûбҪȥƭǣڼȻѾʥĵĳԱǾͱҪʥĿ˼Ժĸ飡 
ְѷ֮ºͳܻ˹ȥ¸ǣֵҪ¾Ǳְҵĵ͵£ڰڵ˶Ҫռķսѵúʥ鴫߶ӵܿʵʯӵʺԼսս˵۷ŹĲͣɨˣ 
˷ĿиȾܿڳ˶ЩѪԼΪǿߵķʱ̡ 
죬ʥ鴫֮˶֮£еоԺڣɵص̵ˣNܵȥ˶˻ 
ǹ࣬ǧˣʥ鴫еɨԱнˣ֣ǿһҲֻǧˣͻҲûһˣ治 
˶ֱʥʽԭʥٶλаŵĴ⣬˶ΪʥŵһԱ 
ԭӳԱԭʥӳԱˡսӡǧˣרָӵɣһЩս̵ǧǸ壬Ҳֻ˲ܽôָˣ 
ʣµľ˱ֳʮսӣֱ֣ǿǾŸֵܣԼ½ʥĵһ˷ֱսӴӳÿսַΪʮսСֶӣСֶӳɴӳÿСֶַΪս飬ÿսСʮ,鳤Сֶӳ 
֣ǿ˾ųͳʥţ֣ǿЦˡ 
ͻûоְΪʥ鼯ŵ쵼ǿԶ԰ʥڵʥ鼯֮ʹȨ 
˳ʥʥ鼯ӵϵȨֱ𱻳ǵȨȻǲҶСѩߴߴˣ 
ʣµٶ˲δκΰţǶҪһʱд֮ 
ȥʱ䣬ʥŵ100Сֶӳ1000ս鳤űѡγʵʱҲǹˣֻǿı̫⣡ 
򵥵ĸʥ鼯Ժܻ飬ֱӽ˷లŽѵ 
ȻеѵƷģԽЩ⻯൱棬صݲҲ൱׼ȷټԪ֧䣬ЩѵҲУѷֱ٣ 
ʥ֮Ƚеǵսѵѵе˶רΪʥ鴫ƵȫװЩװӵͨѶų𡢸šܼȵȳ湦⣬дʹڵʥ,γɷֵĹЧַֿԳʮʹĹʹֳҲǵʹڵйģ 



ʮ ̹Ŵ

   ʥ֮˳˽еѵ⣬ҪǽսѵʹõǽǳСĿ֮ˣҲȷʵ̫ҪӴǽ˵Сǽս ÿǽֻʮˣҲһսС飬а޷ʥ鴫ߣҪзħʥ鴫ߣҪɵĴߣǷֱռϢƽƶͽڲ 
ȻЩɣҲʥ鴫߽սƣκβɣʣ鳤ԱԱʵʱָӣԼʱСֶӳĵ䣡 
һɫĶħ֮ˣҲмƻĿΪ֮ǵѵǵս͵սĲ󹥻֮ѵʥŵĲ˶٣ֻǵǿ㣬ѣ 
ⵥ˷еر𣬾񷽳ʽȥߵӺ֧ܺʽС࣡Ƕѵ֮ʵʵõʱ֮ԪһʱǿԽڣҲֻлó޵еķôһɷȷʵԺʵսпԿ侭֮ 
ʣٶ˵ѵɾͻˣеĽ⽻ѵеĽѵеĽſƼϵĴ˼·ѵҲнǼó׵ѵȵȣֱʮֲͬѵ 
СѩͻҲʵսѵռڻ˸еǿ֣ǿȻҲпƼȳһǽȺҲзɣԸ־Žйˣ 
ռڵļи亹ֱðЩҲ̫ǿˣһʻǲǽϷѶȵ̫ˣ 
ȴ⻹߰ЩȳһǽȺ˵ɣһֱ˵̫̫ǿˣöԸЩ͹ǼսϣľӤ׳ıȽϣ⻹ֻǿƼƼıȽϣ֪лкܶȹǿĿƼ˵һЩһܹûҵĳǿˣ 
˫𣬾ҪˣæֽŵϴҲõģȻǿҪǿһǧѣ˿ǷչϰûҪڵԼȽϣ ƾǷչ죬һʯǷչһĳɾͣĳֽǶԱǷչǧ껹ǿرϴ㣬治ԺʲôĿֲ 
ô˵źܵ㣬ȴûٸʲôսѵǽ˻Ͽ⣬ʼƴ֪ʶϢɲһֱڻǰֵһ֪պ֪ʶСѩ￴ʱչʾˣʱҲ̫ 
¶Ѱ׵£ʥ鴫߶оѵ 
ܿĸ¹ȥˣʱһֱֱвõ·ԽָоԽǿң죬ͻȻÿռжϸһ£ԭʥڲͣ𶯷⣬ʥŵʥѶķǣʥѶ޵У˸ռҲܴ 
Ϣɫʱúѿæ飡 
ܿ˾һܵһصصղʥųϴϢƱеĴ߱ȶǰպУϽϹȥ£Ҳֻȥ㣡ô 
ͻ˶𾪣ڹϱȶıˣһѿĶԲϴ󣬿Ǹøˣϴʣ޼ôȥμӱȶңЩͻұ뵽˵ģ뵽ֻ輸ʱЩӲǸӵһߡ 
ĵ㲻ҪˣҲһģǸǸûᰡôҲҪסģҲЩʱˣ˵һãЩʥ֮ǰ¶ʱĴ߱ȶҿƼȥڵӦñЩͲ˶٣ڹؼ±ʹˣȶΣ綼д䣬ڸûƾ棡ֻܾ취ѴʱϡȲ˵ˣȥʥŻɣ˽̫ˣӦ׼ǱѾ˲ȥܣʥҵܲ쳯ܲƵȰķסǵʵ 
ӦǣжϴʥųϽڵķ˺˿ռ֮Ž뵽ɽ硭 
ɽ޴ǰӶý׵ʯ̶ɣĶһңдšš֣Ȼõļġ 
վŽ׵ػˣǼɽΨһĽð˸˳ҲЩ΢΢Ծ 
һǳ׳ʵĽˣóǰƵλˣǿöûɽˣѵðȵǼһ£Ȼȥɳ壡潫ɸɽˣ˵ŻѴӸ˹ 
Ҳһ㶣ôһֱɸ޳ˣɲ֪ɽϣҲֻôһͻȻðôױ˵ȻΪǸ޳ɵ֮ˣ 
ûȥǸӣع΢ЦǸ˵һûɳҲʲôˣɽ˵ģ 
ǿͺ漸ŵ˶Ǿȣ⻹Ǹϡ£˵Ҳ˼ǧˣǵһ˵δ֮ܽһ˵ģ˶һĴǰ֮ͣ 
ǿ΢΢űӵֳô뵽ɽģʲôˣǲûӵλҪټ½֮˵֪ͨ 
ú˵ֻóʥҪȥĵطɽеʥʥų죬Ǹ·ӦҲҵõǿǲǿԽȥˣǷѻû˼óʥ鶼ſڵϿ񺰡ݼ𣿾Ȼô໰Ľбѿ 
ǿȻſڵϣʶˣЩԶŴȻûȫˣÿĻǿ쿴ݵİôð´أӦĸʵĵûţ仯˸ģѰˣԽԽԣ͸ 
ûȻڵϵˣߴŵ˽ȥ 
һŵĽߣһȻ˸󣡿ǰɽɣ 
ɽľɫ治һĺã桯ϻһϥò̫ŨȻ濴· 
滨ݺ죬ԣļɽͺԱߴ඼мСéݣҲ֪ǲЩ˵ѣéҲֵģݶȷé̳ɣéݵźҲľͷɣǽھЩζˣȫһʯȻé忴Ҳ˳ֽۣṹҲ̫˰ɣҲᣬҲɽھ 
ɽ֮Ҳн̻Ի͵Ĵʲôģȷʵ˵㣡ҲֻɽһǣҲ֪Ǹסʲôط 
ڿûʱȥɽ磬Ǳ߿ɻкܶ񼶵˵أ׼ʥѶ˵ʥǱ߷ƹȥƶҲ̫˵㣬ûκʱһˣҲûע⵽ 
а̾ҲѹʥѡɽӣﻷǺãǸħȻûȥҲǿɣ 
ܿʥıԵʥŵפأʥɽлһڣʥΧʼͱǿĽţп֮нҲûʲôѣҲôûû˵ģѾʮ˻ 
ֿN磬׼ȭͷ·ʱڽ棡 
ǰ龰̲סһ١ʥڲĿռ䲻̫ССʮݣȻȫéǽģӵĹֽһ㵵ζûУѵȫǴйģ̲ס˼ųмǸġéȥ 
ʥûһˣЩӦöе˴Ҳģҵ˵ĿӦû㣡ôҲҵ˵,ܴܲһˡɣ 
éȻŶûУûаȫʶֱ˽ȥȻһѡΧһǰ۵Ȼ죬ſžȻҲû滹ǹ£ 
ɽʥ滹Щ֣Ȼ·һûУŲһ,˲ŷĵû˶һС 
ҲֻûȫɣЩû˿¶֮ˣпڲЩ񷢾½ 
Щ侪Ҳ³˭ܽľôʮ񡯣δСʦܣ˭أ 
ǸƳϺֲΨһ֮ˣֻȼˣٵƳʦʦˣڻûͨͿֲô֣֪ôģһûĻ֮ˣȡֶôá 
ƴЩͬʦ֡ʦһһ໥ʶһСд˵еĶôˣ̹žȻ֮ףħϴҲˣȻǡɵۡ塢桯͡ħޣŮҲȻðݣôûŮʦ㿴˳Щأ֪ǲЧӦҲ֪ЩǲҲЩ˵еĹǸƨò䡮񡯣Ȼʱһ趼ʶ*ôͿ˳ۣǴ˵еҲǸƨиԡ 
һȦú󣬱ϵ֣Ŵ˰ǵȻҪ*Ҫ֪ȫʧ֪᲻Ὣλõǽȥ 
̹ųֵʽʼһ³ǣҲ˽㣬С񡯶ʦܣ 
ⲻ̹ų˵ʱǿ˵˶ˣ̹ųϣ˫Ŀ˸һᱻȻѹֵĴԴӻڵʥ鴫к󣬶Щ֮ڵĶȫˣҲҲû̫ĸоЩʦֶ̾书 
̹ſɫսӵǱϢ˵ϵͨЩ귢չ̫ˣٵ²̫ÿƣǶҪķĴ߱ȶǰĳպУЩȷ˵һģ˶֪ˣ 
ûнӻΪ̹Żлû˵ֻ꣬þ˵ȥˣ 
Ȼ̹ͣûֽŵǸûκοǺѡأôûȼʥѵˣǰ֮ĳ̫Ҳǳ˵ͨ෢չǺܿ죬Ҫٹ꣬ȶ˽Ҳǲܷ½ٵպıȶѱȶ̫ƽϵһĵϽУѡɵıȶߣ֪εıȶûģȻûģѾȷʤĻǳϴƻ͸߹ôкӵźһʥŵ޼ 
̹ôһ˵ʱڳ˸ڳС񡯵ﶼһ£һﲻʲôаɣڹϡ 
̹żı飬æҲЩ΢ǲǳʲô£ 
̾˼άжͬʱڿһõǸʥ鴫йҲ̫˵㣬ҳɽʱÿһк󣬹һͬʱҵĵͳ¼Ĺƽİ㶼ֻкʥ鹦ԺҲٳЩɵǴڵͳڣҪָܻһңϣ£ 
ʲôôϴһڿЦɡʲôù 
䣬ʥ֮˶վֲôӡ񡯿˵ĻҲðһѳǲа׼һˣεıȶҲģѡ˵ʥŴͻȻУôȥһȶߣ 
һ𾪹ЩҲܿʵİ̹ŷοˣҲҪ̫ˣ˭뵽ʥ鹦ëأպĴбȶѱӲҲܵĹָˣǱ취֪û취룬ֻ˵˵ѵġ 
ʥҲû̹һο󶼿ʼץͷûİ취룡ȻЩûͷ֮˾ֻץץͷƤ˼˼ˣ 




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һ 

   ЩܣЩʥŴԼԭĺǲͬǰΪԼ˼϶ʥ֮˺ฺܶ뷨ʱǵĿȴĹ˺ܶ࣡ʱ,Щ֪Լûüֵôܶԣȴûʥ֮ȻСʦܿڴѵͷ,һʱϵοܣ ҲȫûˣŪ֮ģӵɫϺ͸λʦ֡ʦ㲻صģϴһͬȵ죬ĪͻͽڵĹӦλʦ֡ʦ޼ˣʥŽбȶӦòģ 
Ǵ󾪣̹ЩϲЩɻص죬˵ôܣǳȲһʱ䣬ôҲ꣬ʮᲢ۰ѵͨʽټܴﵽַǳЧֻˡϧҲû˲ˡΣԭˣͶˣ 
͵ͷҲģ㿴ǲǰԹ 
һ尡ЩһŮ洸Сʦܽʦղôѻ˵ꣿʦ׵һйһŮĽɲܰûˣ 
̹֪ЩͼĻѻƭǣʱǿŵҲЩɻʵô֪ڵĹѽӽʥŵأӽʥŵӣĹȫʢʱܴﵽʲô̶أ̹ž̹ţ˼ʳؽĶ 
׼ʱæڻʥ鴫к󣬶ԸĸӦһ˵Ϊߵܷǳ׶ֱӵжϳҶ칦жҲģĹȫʢʱڵң˵칦඼Ǵʵȫʢʱ˵ȴЩһְ 
ʥ֮ⲻ˵һ𾪣칦ѽӽͨʥŵӣĹֻСʦܵ㣡ʲôĸʥ鴫еĹô𣿲ŶʮʱΪѾ̹ų൱ˣϻҪǿôһ㣡ҲЩƽⰡԼ˼ʮ꣬˲ʮ꣡Σ 
̹ŶߵΪҲϲԼԺʥŵʵǿ˲٣ǸҲʥţ 
죬ֶȥһ˽ɣεĴ߱ȶ̫Ҫһϸڣ˵˵Ҳ׵ĵ 
æӦõȥ˵ȥڿɻʥĽأ 
ֻܿصоԺڣЩǾȻ춼벻Ҳڣ֪ʲôʱģ 
ôе⣬֪ȥɽصĳʽҲû̫ľɣǼʶģ 
ڴȻЩ⵫Ҳȥ񣬿һºΧСԣȻΪȥʥ򣬵ȻôͻȻĳ֣ӦʲôҪ飬ֻʱˣ 
忪ڶҲǸյҪ̣ⲻǸͻˣҲҽʲôǽɣ 
Ҳû˵ʲôѻֱӽʱϵʽͻȻúܹ֣涼쳣ǵ鱨ʾľܵĴìͷֱָйܱ߼СңʵйھϵʵҲƵЩ崫µͲӦˣǾкüλĪӦЩΪڵķǳΣܻܿᱬйΪĵսȫ޷Ը˲룡Ҳʧȥ˳е侲ֳݣ 
ʱףЩҵȨߺܿѱƣΪ߱ȶյ׼ҿΣĬ׼ʥƵĵطйϷ֣ʥܲӮñȶǶӲģȻҪӲΪʲôأȻ˽һӲ벻ͨ 
ӵĳĬ󣬻忪ڶʵųõȫ˱ϵͳ׼ôˣҲЩأЩͻ̫ʱˣ 
ղŻ˵Ĵųһ⻯øִų񲨺Ƶʵļҵֻǵųüϵ״Ҳֻõϣ 
е塢ϵϵŴСһųЩųŷǳӵƵʣųһϣ⻯֮ͬСųѿƴﵽͺĿģԶʽһЩضĵųشŲһЩųƫƣԽشΪһֶʹڵشŷΧڿƶ 
ųҲֻڵˣΪȥᣬͬʱܵܶ಻ͬĴųǣҪЩͬĴųʣҪзǳӴļ㣬ļҲֻбȵȽNԲʵˣڵϸҲּĲϣֻܽˣ 
ȫ˱ϵͳʮרڵشųΧɢһֶص̽Ⲩ̽Ⲩһ̽⵽ĺ˱סǱ̷һԵĸźͷֽⲨֹⲨں˱ǰֹĲ 
ĺ˱䶼һ̶ǾǺ˱Ļڳ½У˱ԪأǹеļԪأȻйʹõĺ˱似Ǹ淶Χڡ 
ṩҵҲԳĺ˱ضãһŨը򵼵ýзΪЩ̫࣬ǲըǰû̫ףټʹõʷΧ̫㣬ԺȫԤֻܵȱ˷ˣ̶ֳȵıըҲɺܴѣ 
˱ϵͳ˷ˡ⣬һЧǾʱӵϵӲ㡢ų𲨵ȿӰ򻷾ƽֹ˶һЩƽ⣬õϾֲ纣Х𡢵ƫƵȻѣ 
˱ϵͳҲֹֻܷÿƼֶɵȫѣȴ˳սһЩ֮ǿеƻڰȫǣϿյʮź˱Ǳ˼򵥵Ŀռ似еԱЩǱĿƼֲ֮ٵ֣ 
ôһʣȫ˱ϵͳѾ˹״̬ԶԾֲȫЧĺ˷ֽ⣬ǰĺ˵ʵ飬ɹ100%һù⼸ʽĺ˵վʵ飬֤һʧϵͳһȫҪ˵ǵĺ˵ӳȥŲƨЩ˵վ˶ĸ̹ˡɻǱͧȵЩֻҪ˱մϱߵⶼȫ̱˵һ¾˺ܶ࣡ 
Щ̫ΪʱͲԭ˴ųսȴûֻ̫࣬װһսӣȻЩûʥŻĴڣһֲӿԺɨȫˣ 
˵ڵЩƽϣͻȻתȥһ£ȥص쳯ֲڸص쳯У֮ٽһѡдкѵûʲôʱˣھȥ죬ź˺ϻصȥЩС 
Ӧһ̳ŶȥҲ³ȥȥʥôӦҪ£ 
ȥԻҺҪȥһʱ䣬ͽˣ͹ǽдкѵձʥţŵʮսӺһٸսСӵıƲ䣬ЩȫʮһսСʽֱ뵽һٸսСУ 
ͷӦǣֽŵ弶ʥ鴫ĵҩж٣ 
ĵҩƻΪȫ޶׼ģڴûж٣һǧţҩԲ⣡Ҳµ˵뷨æش 
˵ͷȻ㽫һ弶ʥ鴫йɳһǧսʿֱ𱣻Ҫ쵼˺;Ӹ߼죡 
ûȻشֶǸʧ֮£Ϊ컹ҪҪȥ죬Ժֻܶˣ治˼ 
Ҳļ֮ɫôżΪǷǳҪ£ЩҲԼܰæġ 
û⣬ŶὫʥ鴫еһ弶һĹԺ,ΪȫռڣڶڸڹҳϵĲӣ򲻵ѵòҪЩʾȻԿɳ˵Ľڣ弶аŶԺ˽дڣЩĵҩṩǻɳһǧʥսʿֱӵͰţǿں̶ܴϱҪ 
ͣһֶԻʱһҪϹңöƬĸ֮زҡϸ֮ͻһ°ɣһʧˣһǶ˵ġ 
ٴζǸ̳Сѩȥˣδȥʥź󣬱ȶǰһһϵе飬ҲһЩرѵʥĴ£ΪʥŵҲܲɣЩȸСѩ㱨һ£Ȼ鷳 
ʱСѩһСӵƤɳϣҲֻǸտյѣ类Ž˸ڴһ棡 
ǻռڣСȥȴһ⻯Ĺռ䣬дߵ뵽󶼻⻯壬иַѵ 
Сѩûѵ֮ΪһʵϷ棡δԼרеʥװһʥ鹭*ų̬Ĺڿռڷǹ龫ֵĶ㱾ԣһͨΪٵǴռ䷶ΧûʲôǿĴڣҲСѩĲֺй񫣡 
װسŮսʿСѩΧһ 
Ůսʿʥ鴫ѡСѩΪģȴСѾͷ㶸˸ŮӾţռںֱ 
СѩѺֱӶ˵˿ܻ뿪£СѩˣɣҪȥɽΣ˵˵ֽϷС 
ٴλصҺѾͻ˵˼ȥʥţ 
һ·޻ĵʥ֮Уʥ֮Ȼȫڡéݡ֮ڣ˽ݺ쵹ͷݣЩǴݲаݰҲνԼֲԿ 
̹΢Цʾ˵㵽ԭ𣿡 
̬ȻǺãƽѵһЦݴʱҲð˳Ҳѹ֣ڽʱͱʾħ֮ԳȻȻںδЩҲ׵ĸо̹Źǣƾݹ΢ѵһҪӮô߱ȶӦûʲô⣡ 
Ȼû쵽ԭ򣬵ƨҲӦõɣǡϴʼԼæǵģ˵ʥ崫߽бȶ 
̹΢΢ĵ˵ͷóһʥڿʼһʥŵˣʥŵӵõȻ㽲ɣҽ̹ţԽ̹ųϣƳҲˣȽӹʥȻٽΪһλϺʦ֡ɣ 
칧ع½ӹʥԼпܳΪʥŵ֮׼ģǰȻ̹ţȴЩ⣡һһݼʦ֡͵һһСЩͷƹǶڳˣ 
ڵΪЩܸоóȷʵ˵һ㣬ҲûбҪҸȶһӡ֤ˣڶݺݵ˿ΪǶΪʱĹʥŵӱȶҲһ˭˭Ӯ 
ЩȻձ鶼ʥŵͨǿǿɶЩϰϵϹˣǵĴҲһʱ䣬ôҲ̫װɣȻǸ׵ͣ͸˵㣬ӦҲûʥ鴫йණɣ 



ڶ 

   ǻû뵽춼һ֣ǾʥȻʣ޼ƴ*ʥĿͿӦҲԺЩ֮˺úøһˡ Ա߶˸Ӧߺϵģʱ챻λϣ 
ºʥŵġᡯּС 
̹ɫЩ΢Ŀڵû⣬ҪҪӮô߱ȶӦòʲô⣬Ӯñȶ岻Լ£ 
ʥŵ̹Žһֱǵ˵˳ղ϶ӮñȶҲһɨգֶǺһƬ 
һʥŵ̾˿ڵѪ塢ʥͰڤ屾໥ݣû뵽ڹϾȻĬѵΪʱѳ죬뽫˲ɣ 
Ҳ̾ϵʱ,ʥĳ̫Ȼһͬѵ˵򣬵ʥŵĳҲһʱͬѶ ЩһֱûнչͨУǲֶԸʥŵĽڣڱȶڼܸҲʲôڣӮⳡԼҪԼһԸǣʥҲֻòǺӲƴˣɫӲƴûʲôա 
ƻ䣬ʵжǿľûһƴ֮𣿡Щ˽ʵ̫٣ڵץ˽һЩ 
ƽ͵һӵϵ֮˼ҲʥŵӶ಻˼ǿҲ̹ųϣЩ֮صʵ߲̫󣬲ͨʥŵӣʵ̹ųʮǧʥпӦһֶ֮ԸǣǾˣ֣ 
֮˲ֻ࣬Ǹʵǿѣ΢һתʵǴ֮ʵأҪΪǵĴӦҲװɣϾ岻ͬڶߣȻɡħܽ޵ܸߣȴǿԿ֮ǾƾôӦÿԶԸǵĴ߰ɣ 
΢΢ҡͷҪ컯ɽӽǵȷҪʱ䣬ǶһЩʹٻǿ֮ѪֱӣǱ*ȡѪҺΪʳرѪҺЩʳѪҺ֮δѪϴѪҺе컯Ȼܽ컯Ѫ壬ȴ컯һЩԽ˵,жѪҳ֮ģѪҪһǿԽصʴ˵ѪҺУȻѪԼҲкܴĺɾ˱ˣѵҲ٣ַʽͳĴߣҲԶܴﵽѪ֮˵ˮƽȻϵȫѪĴˣ 
ʥҪ컯ͬӽȴǺѣûгɰǧʱѳɹȴô߶һֵľӦָӦﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬿һʥ˲ӦÿռһЩһз͹ֱӽʥ֮ڵй 
ڤ˳Լͺǿ⣬һسһطлȿռڵħڶԴ֮˽ǿͬʱҲл֮밵ڤ崫ƴʱԵĳǸ߱һֻֻǿħЩϵƴʱ! 
еȻڶ࣬ҲԲҪӦͨ߻ԣԵǿǲִߣЩˣ 
Щû࣬ħˣϺʱǸ޶˹,ϼϣӦʥĴˣ 
ֻǲ֪Ƴ˵ЩĴܴﵽʲô̶ȣж٣벻ֻˣǸ,ĴߺܶǵҲǿ̫װɣ٣ҲǿףǿһԶٰ 
ȴ̹ŻشĴҲ̫࣬ǿɶҪģеȫȥƴҲֻܾ˵ĽʵҲϧΪһЩߣҲǰɽд֮޳ˣ̹˵￴˿ı飬ҲЩĶ˶ɽȵľĴ治ǿɶǼˣٲֻʹߺʹ֪꣡ʱȻҲ˵ 
ֵ޳Բʱ䣬Ҳ̫ǿҲЩǿ֮ľ޴죡ǿǿҲڶʱڽһͨ˱һǿߣȴֻͨӵгǿδбȶ,ĲһֶԸǣʥŵĴǰ 
ûȥ̹ŵĸ̾һ⣬Ƚ¶Ū˲ź㣬̹һһĸ˼Сʱ̹ӦҲЩڽƵĻͷȻһҲˣ 
ʱéھֻʣ̹źΪļʥŵӣ˴쵽棬ӦҪΪ߱ȶһЩָˣ 
ͣĶ̹ͬʱҲɿĶԵõϢзͼ㣡ڸʵҲʵòˣڵĴҲ˸ȫ˽⣡ 
˽⵽书еѺһĸеʥ鹦ԣʥ鹦Ϊһ书ĻصͨڻôеǶʱڣҩҩԷɿǿҴڻǿ˿Ҳ죬ʹʥ鴫߿ȫ뵽ͨȺжصı˲ 
̹һֱĵĽĸ⣬ʱ˼ҲûڵļʥŵҲһֱСʱʱЩѾʮ꣬һ֪ҪõĹ˵ֻһݵ˲ѣ 
ڵʥ鼯ŽûѡʥվһϹ壬Ǿʥ鴫еһЩ¸ʥˣҲԸõѹأ 
΢΢һ˼Ǹεı鿪ڶ̹źڳʥŵӵмһֱųϺͺ͸λʦ֡ʦ㣡ֻΪ̬İͨзչһڿҲڶԿһЩã˵ͬʱͣ˵ı飡 
˶Ļû̫ľɣָ֮ƣ亹ð˳ԼǶȫ֪˰ɣ 
̹΢Цŵ˵ǡ쳯͡ʥҵЩ֪˸쳯ͳһйڵĵ˳ͻʥˣҪǻ֪ǲǹˣʱǷǳʱڣǶͨеĸӰ͸Ҳ⣬֪ʥҵҲȻ¡ 
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˿ԭν˽Ҳ˶ѣʥ鹦ԻһǿʥŶͨ˽̶ҲĲҹά 
ĿⶼеԼϣڵɽлõʥ鴫Ⱥҽ̸ֹ仰̣ܶȴ֮׺ܶණ 
̹ŵķʵǿףĻ䣬Ѿվе˼˵ôʱӵڵΪȫΪʥ鴫еĹҲַ˴ǿ֮ˣǸ쳯֮ʥŴµ߽еƴҲ˽⣬ȴδ֪Ҳǿ߰ʥҵ͸˵ˣǺιʣ 
ֹ̹ţڳʥŵҲؼ֮зڶʱڽһͨߣͨһǿߣЩ廹кοɾ֮Ҳܲ⣬һ³ôǿǲܸоʱȴҲԸܵǿҵħϢ 
ǵɻ󣬽͵ʥ鹦һ书ǲͬǴǿĹֱӴӿռǿȡڣֱӺǿΪ̶ȣֹصٶ൱죬ֹ߻ȫںϣһ˿йԱҲ֪Ϊ̶ȣֻܽǵͨ࣡ 
֮˶ЩˣĹʥŵ֮кãʮû׼ǿᣡڶʮʱڴﵽĳ̶ȣѾЩƽˣĳɾֻһַǳżȻԣֱӸǣΪκ˴żȻԣǼʮ겻ǰˣ 
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ĸе̹ųϵǻʵڸߵף˵ˣڱ轫ЩȻ̹Ų֮ģԺճ 
ûлش̹ŵĻɫʥ鴫һǿ㹦ͬʱҲұһشʹʹȴʥŽҪеͻҲһֱûϺʦ֡ 
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ڵǳأͨ˵Կ˵Ǽ£ʥȴǲͬΪһγһеĿƼˣ 
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׼·ЩɵĿڵʥ鴫µĹһֵ书һĹΪƼ׼ģʥ鴫ʹǿһֿƼȫںϵȫʥ鹦֮˻ЩǿƵԣǵĺǿߣҿԼ˵úǼ򵥣Ѿ㹻ؼ֮ˣ˵̹ͣŵ˵ɫʱ׼· 
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̹ŵ⻰ЩûιȥǶûȥʲô취Ϳ׵ٶȣǧٱЩЩ࣡ 
ʥŵӶջϢ鸴ӵĿֿ̹ţڶһ뷨ʥ鹦ΪʥŵӣЩҲֻ̹ 
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̹ŵ˵ͷʵڹδʧʱԴﵽʲô̶ȣ 
Ӧÿ볤൱ûȥ 
̹˿ڻԼʥŵ𣿡⻰ʵ˵ϣ 
һ˳˼̹ŻؿʥŵҲĻشʥ˵ǷǳҪ 
ǸӣڲֻҪش̹ŵĻҪԼʥеĵλһǰգɽ֮£ʥ̸ޣҲа˿øУΪʥ֮ţȫΪ˴ʥд߱ȶ֮£ԼʱʥҲֻΪӦѣ컹һֱԺʥȥɨ֡ 



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֮Ļ˿ֻ̹ظ΢Цûȥ˵ĺһ仰ǿʵܸΪʲôһʱֽȻͬѡ𣿡 
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͵ɽʱλʹߴҵħһصԭ䣬䵼ҵħΪһһЩĹܣħԽ˼кԶĵطҲЩ湦еһ֣Ҳ˲˽⵽ģʱҲãȻ뽫¸ʹߣʹȴǳڹУڼʹ֮ǰʱ,õϢȷԼ͹֮˶2031ʧٵӤҺ𾪣ҲʼոϢҲʹҵ뷨ٷʹ˽ʱҲûӳȥԽЩ֮ĸĵס 
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ЦЦҺ飬ȻҹҶˣʥŵַҲ˻ʥ鴫СǸʵҪ˵ĳ֣ʥ鴫ֻ֮ˣ 
̹Ŷ⻰Ҳǲ⣬ֿʵŶǺιأ 
ΪǶʥ鴫֮Ͳ˽⣬ΪɽõַʹҲһԸ뷨ѣʥ鴫еĹؼ֮Ҫܶĵõʥ֮ڵʥֻ֮ס޳ɡ𡢵ħֹ޳λʹʯ̨Ͼֻҡͱ˷ֱ˾Ȼʥ֮ϻһЩʥ֮ԶԶҪ˵ʱ䣬ٴξΣҲܻ㹻ʥ֮ 
˵ͣһ,ֽ˵ҵ˵ҲЩЦΪѾɹĻʥ鴫УӦַ֤ǿеģҪ˵֮Գɹʥ鴫УԭԼûٴεľһɹĻôУΪҿֱֹӴʥ֮۴յʥ֮ 
̹һ˼ҪڣЦǺǣͲҪΪʲôˣΪʵҲ֪ǺιʣֻҪʥ֮ħʥ֮ͻԶ꣡ 
̹Ż̲ס£ǰʲôԹˣʥ֮ħħҲԹΣδ˵ 
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һϲҪ̫ˣæʵʲô취 
̹żһһֵĵʥ֮кݰ 
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̹ŸղŵĻֹסڵļʥŵҲ⣬ǵǾǸð취ǰʥ֮ 
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룬֮λǶԴҶкôʱǲҪǫһأٺ٣̫У˻˵αģ 
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һСᣬʥ־۵ոտʼλ˶Щؿ̹ţǲ̹źֽǾȴûпѯ 
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ԼܲµСӦ̹˵ˣӦҲ֮λйأȻҲʥŵľȣ 
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ݿɲһܵ£æλͬ˵ 
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״гԲæ춼ʥӽտʼʥһɷѳ֮Ҫÿձʮ֮˹˭ܵ˰Ҫ˵ֳˣ 
תͷ̹ŵ̹ų㻹ǽղóôҶŰɣ㿴ҶվţһżȲЭֺܱŤ 
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ʥ鴫µһ߼̹ţѾڵڼĹµӣﻹе㲻˼ΪԾһ֣̹ʥ鹦ֻ߼֣֮Ҳû취Ҫ˭ѧʮЩٻЩҪ鷳ȻָЩʥˣԺʥ֮ӦòɲΪԼκ鷳ӡ 
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ֻæµһΪķչϸ˲٣ʱ̫˳ˣȻй̵ۣģԸ룬î˾ҲУ 
ʱĿٷչҲֹ۵ЩͷΪĴĴ߱ȶԼĶŽУ˭֪˽ȶͻȻǰֻӦʱ䣬춼Щֲ 
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ڸûǼͨѶϵͳҲ޷֪ЩĻڵĽչֻϣǱߵչ˳ܱԤڵʱͻʯĻǰҲӭж⣡ 
ͬʱҲϣϵĴ󳬼֮ȫսҪ籬ʥ鼯ڸûжпƵϣʥ鼯ŲҪڵõʯǰЩ֣ 
ЩҲֻϣѣڵΣǱߵԤıĿʼУΪƵ׼طȲܣҪƬأʥ鼯ҲûѡϹҶзʲô취أҪ඼컯ˣƨ˵ѱˣ 
ߺ󣬻ֽ˼Сʱ飬󣬻ѡһǧսʿ͵Ĵܹҵ䣡 
ʱһרõͨѶǷǳʱڣǱʱ硣 
˰ʱƳһʥ鹦õĵҩ¶ʮźµĽǱȥ 
ʱȥµЧҲߣֻһʱ䣬ǸԶ쳯ֲıѡһˣڹҵϺͰ£Ƕܿɸصľר͵ʥܲ 
Щ˽ʹкձʥţǽռѵʱʥﵽʮˣһ˼ѵʥˣѡ˳ǽо콢սݵĳѵ 
Щ͵ļʽսѵ,׼ڵȫŽеģεͻȻûΪ,κпܷ飬ųʱֵĿԣڼȻѵĺã 
ȥĵڶϢʥ鼯ȥսʿѰŽ˱ڽɫǸװ˴ųսֲӣҲȫ˶ʥ鹦йڳսѿԵֿ죬йľ¼ȴͻȻ̽ⲻܶҪһЩҵҪ»ͻصϿնһĸźǵ̽Ⲩû취͸ȥṩĿռżкܴĲͬù鱨Աǲ⣬ѯǷΪ߿ƼֶɵЧ 
йҪ»;פأһǰûṩĿռżҵ첻ǹҵľǿ쵽ˣȴ첻ǣй鱨źһЩԽУԼҲϹӣҲѵΪѯ 
ӵϢһṩͼƬ󣬺ܿȷֲĿռŤԲ̽Ⲩ͸μ 
֪֪Ҳ޷룬ʱûп͸ֵ̽ǣͿɣЩҲڶʱ̫ʵҶϹӣйڳ·žԵƣ 
彫óĽҪ̫ģȻб˲ҪģǼĻţǰƲ⣬֤ʵֱӲٿͨսǶԤıʥȴӦβᱬս֮սǳĲֹۣѵĵһԵ 
磬廹Ϊ޷ӦʥźĲ֮ʱͻȻصоԺǼңҲ 
Ǿ죬ʵôֻˣǴ߱ȶ֮ڣʥ֮ûȥѵǻ̽ףĻΣʵЩ⣬ԶǸ֡رǿ 
ЦǵϴʥŵϴҪ˭ܵţڲŷֺĸˣٺٺ١ 
ŻȻââȻӣԼΪʥ֮ľ˵˳ ֮ⲻһϲ 
ֵεʥ֮ǵõǳջһҳΪʥ֮ԺʥŲǵвһر̹ųϣΪ߾ڻ£ǻҲӦ֮ϣʵѵðʥ鹦ʱָһľϲֻ˼Сʱ书Ȼֱ׷죡˵̲סЦ񵽱ˣܲ 
ϲȻ£˼Ĺ/ 
弶һʥ鹦΢Цŵ 
ȤصŶ˼ʲôǱʥ𣿡 
ȻЦȻǣںǰ̹žͽ޳ѡһߣǽһЩѵϣ忪սʱ𵽵ãЩ˱޳ΪʥţҿֲҲͽˣԺʥȻ޳ͳ죬ػʥźʥ鼯ţǽһѵǵĺһһ 
˵岢ʲôֽŵҽ޳ΪʥŵӣԺʥųԱռѵ׼һ°ɣǽĿ֮һ! 
һԵͻȻĪЦŵ˵֣ҺϴʥţҪҲʥôϴǷһΣȻӻˮ,û! 
ŵصϴ˼İɣһռڵѵУЩǿ֮ǶôС֪ʥ鴫еĹרڽöôǿ󣡡 
˵ֿѯʵϴʥ֪ҵĴں𣿡 



 ȶ֮

   Ӧҽϸĸ̹ųϣȥʥŵӽ͵ģҲûҪǿ֪˸£ҲܸõΪ֮¾һ ˵ͷбҪҪɩ֪ôöȥ龰 
ЦСӣֻҪҶ죬Ҳ㣡 
ֶһԹЦѵ㻹վȥɻǻԭ? 
ǽȥ쳯ֲ˵ǳ嵱̽ӵĽɫ,ʱصر֮ˣҲΪ,ҪǶͨɴ,ЩҲֻܵȵ߱ȶȫ,ȴֹ͵뵽йң 
˵ûǣֱСѩȥˡ 
Ԫ20531021գ̫ƽһҽƵ˹µ 
ʱ㳿2ʱ̹ŵһʥ֮ĵȺڴˣ 
ŵıȴһ˿ǣǰЩӿʼһֱйɲĸоǰӵʥŴʱΪڵĲ򴫳߱ȶԼʧǰԼʥ̲ͻ 
Լʥ֮ĴλʥŵĳͻȻȻΣʥŵʥ鹦ΪҲһأΪ̶Ƚӽǰʥŵӵʥ˵ԿԳԶ壬ΪڵĲԽǿأ 
ΪڵĲһִȻڵѶʥŹʲôвڴ߱ȶҲűʤģҲڵĲ򴫳бȶ󽫸ĴҲֻĲѡ 
˵ѽһСʱ֮ȴԲ֣ 
ЩĵȴʥЩԡλ˵ĲʲôȻҲȥںЩС£ 
ߵɲˣʲô⣡Ȼôүʺĵطɵ˴죬һֱǱ˵ңЩTM˾ȻǣҴ᲻趼ʶ 
Ļδ䣬ͻȻһ̧׿ǰ治Զһƽգ̹ŷҲ֮ȥȴδκη֣ǣͻȻĿ֮һŤ漰һںȻĴ󶴡 
̹һЩ־֮УȻ̹Ĳ־֮¾еġڶҲǴӡڶ߳ʮ֮ˣΪֿռת֮һֺͨĴ֮Լһʥ֮˸ղʱҲõַȻЧҲͬ 
̹ڿȻڱ˴ͳ֮ǰԤֵ֪ľȷλã̹һ˼飡һЩǳ֮£ 
ֿռת֮൱ͣʹҲ㣬ȻƼֻҪչһ̶Ⱥ󣬶ƽõһֽ˴֮䴫͹̴ӷ͵Ŀĵأֻʱ䣡 
ʹִ֮ͳȥλã˺յŤǰѱ˷֣ǰʥŶǵ巢սʱʥŵӼΪڶ࣬ôִ֮ռ˱ˣ˿ͷֱ岻֪ӺδҲѧ˷ıƲ΢ת 
ЩڶǿϵʱȴЩǿԾ֮˾ĸܵԼСʥźͻϮĿռת֮տʼʱЧÿδͳȥʱһֵ 
ֵƶٶȻ켫Ҫڱ˴ͳȥǰ͵ȵڱ˸֮ʱԤ֪˱˼ֵľȷλã 
ʥ֮˺˵޷飬ͬʱҲʧȥĻᣬֻܾۼأ޾ľ£Ҵ֮˲ʹ˷ǳΣյǿմŲӵ˵ 
Ӹղŵ¿Ҳڱ˸ʱԤ֪伴ֵľȷλã뵱ǿǺεȵƣҲʹһ˲ǰʹĻ䣡Щͷ²Ҳֻһ˲ѣ֮߳ڶʱѻظƽ̬֮ 
һȻĿ֮һĴӡڶڷվǰĿյ֮ϣֱ˶߳еġڶҲʧüͷ΢Ļͷ̹ŵȥһѯʵ 
̹ŴʱҲɫ΢ʱʣ 
̹ڵжδ 
̹Ҳн֮һδֻˣĴˣҪıȶȴôûǽҪС 
Ȼ̹Ŷ˶ŴܵĶԴ𣬵֮ʽȴżĲͬ 
ǽȥʶڱ˵ڴ˼Ϣñ˸о˵һַʽĴݾѱ˫͵ȻַҲ޷ڸˣΪֻڵʥ鴫߲ž߱ 
̹ʹõȴǽҪ˵Ļľ͵ߵĶڣַʽҲǳõķʹߵĹԽߣݵıܺͰȫԾԽߣܱ֮߾͵ 
ЦȻͬʱ֣Ŀŵʥǰ֮£Ȼ֮һûǣΪЩ֮԰ƽǣʥţЩûľͿûʥŵˣһù̼ 
£̹ŴʥŵӳŶ֮ӭ˹ȥ 
μʥ˵мǰţͬʱһĶõʥ˼˲ɢȥһʱֳʶʥоԺһʵʵҵüͷ̨ԲͣŪĻ壡 
ڰ棬ʥ鹦ʥѵЩûôʱڻʲôɣһֱûЩĻַǳĽ̬֮ 
æʵʲô£ 
΢΢һ˵Ҳʱԭ 
ûȡ˫ϵȫϢʾҲûͣĵĽһЩѧһĶõĿڳ鷳ˣЩҲ̫ϴҸòΪеİɣ 
ڰСôϺӣܱСӳ֮Ϊ鷳ӦòС£Ȼ²Ӧǰ֮ºˣ 
ûʱ䣬ãĴбȶһģ֮һûеʣµĲ˰ɡûҪ˵̫࣬ûбҪȥôŻڵõЩϢӦԷ 
΢￪ڵϴİЩѾ֪ˣѾǵ׼֤ôǶУ 
¸ˣСʲôʱôͨˣ֪ 
ⲻִʵЩô֪ЩǲҲ첻Щ֮˺˽ĵط𣿺ο֮˸С 
򵥵صΪʯ 
ǸһľϲЩıСһЦˣǻЩƼʯ֮ǳһ͵ˣתһִʵЩ˵İЧʻ湻ǱߵķչҲȻѾʼʯҲζǵʵﻹų˵ʲô鷳أ 
̾˿ڵõʯǲЩ͵ĻΪǸ㵽ʯͬ˱˵ע⣬⽫޿ɱΪǴ鷳ǵʵϷǲǵķչʱʵ̫̣ʵҲֻԵϵʥŻԣռ趨ļҲʶˣЩ޾ռƲʲôǿߣϵʥŻȴǿ̫̫࣡Ǻܿٵ鷳ЩԺǿˡ 
һռڵļ˺һӣڵʥ鼯žʯ֮Ҳ޷࿹ôͻȻǵЩɫ˵˼񻹲һһѣʱǿҵĲ֮п˶ˣ 
Ǽʵô£ 
ӵ˵Щʱˣϴ㻹ȿǱ߱ȶ֮£һɣǷչ̫ûлⶼЩƵģһҪúýѵһǣЩûСȥȫҵ֮У㲻õģֻҪӦעӦЩȶ֮˷ˣ 
ҲԣټҲ÷ָȺ󣬻Ӧ˵ǰ֮˵ɣ 
߻һջʶ 
һ֮ʱ̹һʥŵߵ֮ǰ 
˫û˵໥ŶԷ 
Щֻ֮λֻ࣬ǳ಻Ǽ󣬷ɫЩװˣЩڵĳ棬Щȴ׵Ĺ죬Щɫòͷȴ˸⻷湻ģӦʲôʥˣ 
̹źһʥŵӶǰ֮˵ĸ̬֮߰оЩ죬ʥŵ˽⣬ֺȷŵɣ˭뵽ͼʱ䣬ȴʥŲʵʵĸıأЩиŰһ뵽弴ܱС֮Ūı飬ڳֹоˣ 
е׳˴ʱʥ˹עĽ㣬һĴرۣͺͼ̶ⷢȾԱȵеıй֮޲ 
ͷƵΣʥվһӦʥĴɣһʵʰǿ֮У̹ŵЩ⣡ 
Ϊڲǿǿȫ屾ȻЩǿߺƣȴԵ벻ͨʥνģ 
һһڵĶˣѪ弫ΪƣǱ컯òӣ屾ȴǸӸһЩ̲ǿȲ˿ɲֹһֶ֪θ˴ϲ 
ʥĬ崫ߵͬʱ֮Ҳˣ 
⽫˲ңľ߳컯ħ¶Щ֮˰Դһˣʵ벻ͨʥкοʱôǿ߳ 
ʥмȴǸеɻΪоǿ෴ǹ۲͸Ӧµһͨĵ𣡳Ǵ˵ΪѾǿǶ޷̽ʵĳ̶ȣ 
ôأͶԸǰ̹Ϊߵ֮ҲӲ˲ĸӦȴоаߵϢ 
ʱգʥŶȻһͨˣ˿̽鲻ڵǺιأǺǲ⣬򲻽Ҳˡ 
˫˽Ӵ໥۲Ͳ²֮˵ʵֻڸսӴһ˲ѣ 
̹ŵȻĿɨˣԽǰһڵ벻ˮݵ壬ȻЯͬⰡ 
̹Ż䣬һݳźɫаĹ֮˷𰵺ɫ˫۵̹ŵ֮£ֲ̹СʣȻõͨ----ģ⻹붼ʡˣ 
δ̹ŻڣѶǸ֮˽˳ʲôǳ˵ŲҴ 



 ֮

   컰δ䣬ͻȻŤͷݺݵĳһۡ ֻںһԼʱǿҵѣ֮Уæ˲ʥؽ񣡻δعǰһƬʵİڻޱаǿϮǰ 
󺧣֮ôǿôףȫ࿹֮ʱȴǰ׳һɫľ޴ĻӭǰƬа 
ꡭһ죬Ļаײһһײ֮Ϊģɿĳϯ˳ȥ 
Ҳ׵壬ȻײĸƷ˺ҲҵħסȫסΣΪҪʵľܾƷˣ 
мĿ̹һۣ֪ղ̹ųڱ¶ʵͬʱܵ˺ 
ղа̹֮Ŷһ֮ʱһͷϹ⻪ƵʥߣȴĿվʥмϣ 
뿴֮ӦкˣԴжǷΪͨ࣡ 
λʥʧˣײͬʱһֱվԵƱǰһǽʥŵӷɿǰûܵ˿ӣ 
ƺʥŵӵΪ̬Ҳʥ߿֮˺ʥ˵ǳҪָڵĲɻ 
̹ſһۣתͷа֮˳ħȻһŵ֮´˺֣οʥŴ˴βμӴбȶĴڱȶǰʧȥʸ𣿡 
̹һ˵ɰһС*ڲмһȻҸղšݼ 
ǰɫа˫۳ɨһֱۣ˸ 
ֻع̹ţȻǹĪߣȻҶҰħ֮СҼˣҪڱȶнҲ֪Ҳĺʥ˵ĨɱǱȶĻᣡ˵ֺݺݵĳһۣ 
̹üͷһѵʥŻ㰵ڤһ岻ɣ 
Ц£ʥǺεǿôҰڤһأǲƾһ֮ǣ𣡡 
Ȼһ˵ʱ˶ʥŵֺ⣡ 
ȻңԶһ˵һҲ֪ʱҲջ˷ֳ˾ˣѾʼΪʥѰڣ 
ʲôֻڲ̫ʱǾȻ֪˵鷳ָ£Ӧò̫ϵڵĲ֮սԽңȾȫ֮ĶԹΪã 
һƽϣ̹ŷɿصϲظ̫ĥʱĻᣬǾ쿪ʼдбȶǸбȶֻΪڴ˴ʥȫҲشˣ 
̹յĴ䲻ͻȻôżʱҲû룬Ҳûػ 
ǰվһʥߺһҰɭ˵Ǿ⴫߱ȶбҪУڿԿʼˣĻȻû˵Ҷó⣺дбȶǾͿԿʼսˡ 
ʥӦʥһĴͷˣ̹Żһ㿪΢Ц̹ųϺγԣĴԼܷأֲ½ô߽бȶˣ 
ʥ˵껰㿪ʼ˳СΧý磬ǸɭҲʼ˳ 
ǲܲ裬ղֶ̹ԵһѾС͸ǿ𶯣ǿɲȶ̫ 
ҪǴﶼ˴εĴ߱ȶǵıȶô򵥣ҪйͨԵѣǿǵòʧˣ 
Ҹ˼ýʱî˾ 
̹ųֲĵĲĵʼĵṹзɿķȻٿǽһЩϸ΢ĸı䣬ЩϸСĸı䣬ʱĵ翴ԭһ޶ԣֿԱǰֹıȶӰ쵽Сĵط 
ֽ֮ʱʱһ˿΢΢Ӧöɣһ˿ĸӦϵҲæų̽ȴķ֣Լ̹̽Ľ̼ģ޷͸ȥ 
ڶЩԾ̹ŵȻκһȶ߳ôһ㣬ҲֻһѰõĽǿͱ̬ҲãȻԷſֽˣǰѲԼԭҲᵽ̹Ĺȥˣ 
̹Ľ㣬޸֮ʱѱ̹ʱ̹ųԾСҪ֪һĽ磬Ƶȫȥⶼ⣬һĽ类޸ģɾͳ֪ˣɲ֪ֽţΪֳʲôԼδвıҲѹԾ 
̹ŻûȻѴĻϲضɣ޸ģĽҲҶֽţ޷鿴ˣΪǸµĽ磡ڹȻʧղõʥ鴫߲ӵеһֵ֧ԺٶԳϸ˵ 
̹ڸ̾˵ȫԼʥ֮ͳ׻ж˳Ծ֮ȫʧ¾Ȼǵ͹ 
̹ڻڸ֮̾ʱִʥߵĻεĴ߱ȶԳǩʽУȷбȶʤٽľ̹ųϿ޲֮ 
̹ҲİŲ޲֮֮ͬʱִĻϿԸǣȶһξͿɣͬʱɳ߽бȶ 
̹²ûιȥôܣڵʵͬʱԸǵһʤ㣬Ҫͬʱ߽бȶûʲôᣡ 
ͷһ룬ȻôǵȻʤԭԭʲôأǡ뵽ԣ̹ЩȻʧ 
̹濴ȥƽˮĿͣ룬תʥ߰ȻȻ֮⣬˴αȶֺα鷳 
ָָ̧Զ죬ʥŲμӴбȶĴ졯һɳߣʥбȶ˱ȶʥǰԼӮⳡȶҲϣ岻Ҫ˵Լ 
̹ⷬͻ飬һذըըø·Ŀɿڴ 
һֱڵʥߣʱҲ΢΢ݣ̽͹УǸȷǺǿֱҲ󲻳ʥкַһһǿߣ 
УʵһϣʵкܴӮ棬ȴΪ˵ģΪſԱ֤ʥ崫Ӯôбȶĺ֣ʥŵʱʲôҲԴΪں֮֮ҲǼƻе£ 
̹ŵ˽⣬̹žԿһ֮ˣϲȥһԼް֮£ʵǿҲʤ崫֣οˣЩ̹Ųܿڴ˹ؼʱ˾Ǻأ 
ʥ߽ĿתϣʥĸӦһεĽĬ飡 һһ˷ܣĦȭƵĿЦ֮״⣬һ޶Ⲣϡ 
ʶֽĿʥеϣǹɲȻĹоôҲֻһͨΪԼָоأ¶Լ֮аϣԼļƻҪʲô̫۲źá 
ʥ˼ֻظһƽ̬֮δȥϴڶ̹ŵȻ̹ųģǾ֮Ժˣ 
˭֪ʥߵĻ䣬һԶҷԣһСͨȶǶҴļ裡ȻҪ뱰ӵĶħʹߺѪ֣ҾӦģⷬ˻Ѿ˺ܾˡ 
ֻ˷йڵĲȫûע⼯еϵĵԹ 
ҲΪ˰ڤѪߣʱԴڴԹ޺ͲҲһ޼ɵıֳѪʥĹϵطô򵥣 
ʥĸܵλѡķŭ֮аСӣʲôʱܸĵ˵Եĳë 
תͷȥŭŴҪǺ»ֲʲô󻰵Ӯ˱ȶ˵ɣСû취ֻüˣ 
ʥߺҲǾ£Դٶ໰۾ȴԶһƣ֮£һҪȥˣ 
һǳƯʥŮһץסɿϸ˼ֹסǰȥӣҪ˫ۿŭδϨ 
̹ż״ȻѾȲֺαٵأھͿʼȶˣ˵ʥһȥһȻվڳУ 
ߵҲǿȥó˳ӡ 
ǲҪ֣ҪݺݵĽѵɶСӣԵߺ˵ɿĳȥ 
һһܵĿ죬һȭͷѺţ 
ֽһ˲סӣһԣ 
θնͻȻСһʹԼڵһ˳ȥ 
ͱжˣһȭֱӴϣҲ̫˰ɣ 
˻ڿУǸϤȭͷֵǰûȥɵӣһȭӲײ˹ȥ 
һ죡΢΢һַɿؾȭͷ 
ȭײǿס˺ɵΣ˵ϣֺСϴ΢΢ʹһһȭͷϸû˿ԣÿȭȴһɽײٶҲǾˣȫܵģʲôǿȣ 
뷨࣬ϿûţһرճɿĴһȭȻ˲ȫ׼һⲫսˡ 
ڴٴν֮ʱɿһȭ˹ȥ 
顱顱켸ͬʱ 
˷һӴּط˿˵ı飬ȻǱԷȭͷһ㶣 
ӿǻڶ˶հһȭյԼ֮ȭ䣬СӶ㲻ҲȻ֮£Լ鵽Էĳȭ켣ƫƫĿȭͷԼϣӲûܶ㿪Ī 
ߴڵտɱ֮һ֮ҲòܱǸСһȭᵽϵĽȻһȭ첻˿˺ץ񣡣 
شһ𶷴ȭͷֳɿ˹ȥ 
쵱ȻҲѧҽһȭӭȥ 
˽Ĵ򶷷ʽڳ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ 
˫ȫ˶ֵĹֻ˽ԼȭͷɿĻڶԷϣɳû 



 籬

   Ӳ˼ȭҵӦֱ̬ⲫķȻԼ֫£ʱܻסԷĹλȴҪڶԷȭͷԼǰǶ̵ûеһ˲ƿٶȸԼǿȵܳܵ˵ģ ƶҪʱ䣬ʥȴҪܽƶеⲿλûʱԣֻҪԼھ鵽Է֮ʱ̵ػĲλʱԷֹ£Լܵһ˿˺͵ЦС 
ÿˬˣ˲ȭȭĺݱᣬ벻ˬУ 
ˬȴԽԽòԾһȫ¸ûԣ屾ǿᣬҲֻôһ㰡Լ˲Ĵȭ㲻ܶ˺Ҳܽ俪ɣԼڵɿģȴƨûУԼˬ 
컹ûȻͻȻĲҪˣˣִ򷨳˷⣬ʸûУ㻹ƨʵһѾʼˣԼŰɣ 
ԭڶ˴ʱס֮ϸÿһ˿зʽ 
һ̽ȴ˴֮ÿδŰ˲ȭͷдʱȭͷʱͨɢ֮УǳȭͷܶǸ쳣ǿĴ˿˺ 
ʱﰵȻûκûȴĳ壬ͨ˲䴫޾У൱Ƕߣǳж˻ʲôͷֻҪȵڵľǺĽԿ֪ 
һϸСȴ˿ִֻȭͷ΢΢ˣӦ켯ӦԷȭͷɵģ 
ɿĵóۣĴҲһ޶ȵģֻҪһ̶㲻ܳˣһǽ˲ȫʲôⲫÿһȭйǿôˣ 
˿׼ٵȵȿôӦʱȴһһڵĴ׼춯ֻ֣죬ܵҪ˺ 
ڽӵѺҲ֪ʵˣ˲佫ʮ㣬Ŵظͺ˹ȥ 
Ȼһȭٷȫ޸оһʹУ˳ȥ 
һȭЧʱס˳ӣ׼֮ʳ͵ϮļһʱҲŴڵ 
һȭҲڳ֮˴˼ȵ𺳣ʵ벻ͨΪͻȻ֮佫֮ǿҪ֪Ӱ˲ʮ8+2=10ô򵥣ÿһ㣬ȫһ 
ʥߵڵһһ˿ľ⣬ΪѶ˾Ծȷ벻Ȼôеǰʵص˲¶ۼԼǵ͹ʥţ 
ʥ߿ŸմӵػôվȵĴڴʹԾôܵ˺ڵοʹǸӮ˱ȶҲֻôܵ˺Ȼˣǻ硭 
ΪԼһȭ֮־֮ʱͻȻоһɼæ˲סȫͬʱתľɿתȥ 
еδȴһҰ׵Ѫ崫ߣ֪ʱһɵİɫ뿪˵ԼңƮƮĸڿУΪʵʱֳǿĹ״̬ 
һ̿һİڤ崫ߣʱڳһЦĹƣдʣǰһ״һŤţ͸ɹɹ֮ĪƣӦлռеĹˡ 
ǰһ̣һԥĳֹԷⰵڤгԼҪ鷳ѷִ죬ѽԼĶų˳ȥĶֻ֣ʣǰѪ崫߶ѣ 
ŶԸ崫ʮʮİգںһΪԷÿгĳǺεģ 
Ѫ崫߽䱸Ŀ죬ԷͻȻƻڤлʽ 
ŲͣŤĿռһҵָƽǰڤ崫ߵǰҲͬʱһŰɫλ棡 
״ֽеӵôãľȻôһһǵζڣ 
Ļ䣬Ѫ崫ңһȭ˳ȥӳŰڤ֮˹ȥ 
Ѫ崫ûϵ׵Ķ׼Ӧŵȴķ֣ղһȭǿδԼϮǾ۳һ״ͣڸղվ֮У 
ֹѪ崫ߣ⣬̹ڵΧ֮˶ΪȫЩ˽֮˵֪Χã 
ǱߵʥҲһ֮ɫе𾪵ĿɲֹǸƾӦ쳯Űڤ߷ȥ֮ʱ֮һմմеȻƾʧǱھһ˲ȫյڣ 
ʥ˵ϵı̬ٶȺͷǺεȵƣֻЩյյǿеѣ 
ЩɳǺεȵĿ٣ǰ죬Щ֮ǷϵƾĹԣҲȥ 
ʥ뵽ȥܲĺ˲ܷ׼ڵ챦 
ͣڿеǸǻƵģѪ崫߱ǰ龰һһ˲䣬һ㣬Ѽĸٳȥ 
Ѫ崫߷ӳҲǹ죬Լʱ㿪򣬲ϸ˷֮˲仯һԼһģһļվԼվ֮Լȴͬʱ˲ƵһԣֻҪȥļԼ㹻ʱӦı仯 
˭֪ͼóͬʱǰĹͻȻֱļʵ֮ϣ 
Ѫ崫ػܴҲ䣡ǻУûعǱѻм۷˻صĺȫ޷֮ϣ 
ǿѪ崫ӻ׷ɳȥغ󲻼˶㲻Ҳˣ 
Ź򹥻Ѫ崫ߵͬʱҲ밵ڤ崫߶֣ĶõûôֲǸλϵδ֪Щ˼ɣ԰ڤ崫ߵĹе㸿ָţ 
ʱѪ崫ѵز׼йڤ崫ߣͻȻûɵһͬļȿ־壡δϸ飬ֻһɫĹ⻪Լ׹ǿһɳȥڿʧȥ֪ 
򶷵İڤ崫߿ûôˣ׹ɨţ˴ָƬɢ˳ȥ 
׹ȥƲײ̹ǲ֮ϡ 
䡱һ죬ƣ׹Ҳײ֮ɢһ籬ϯСϵĿռ䣡 
ߵڿռŰͬʱҲͣĳŵڶ磡 
ʱʼӼߵʥߺʹڣڳ֮˶Ϊ˾ 
ʥ߷ɿĽڷĴڵУǸڵϲ֪Ѫ崫Ҳ˽˻ȥ 
֮˷ɿĽһ𣬼֮һǿػ磬ԼʥҲڵһʱ䲼ػ硣Ƕ֪ԼЩиûܵĵסⱬĳ 
籬ʯ£ֱײС֮Ϸ裡ͬʱҲͣĿСĵڶ硭 
Сֳݺύѷ죬ǻĽסѳ˺ף 
̼䣬סСĵڶѸƣŵҲǰߵĺ󳾣 
˰̾Ϣ֮ʱڵͻȻ©ɳһ͸ʥŸղػ磬˲ȫע˽ȥ 
˵칥Ѫ崫֮ʱҲһֱųڵĸֱ仯ĴͻȻƽջóһѴɵľ޽ʱһ棬㽫йȥ̽飬ȴڴʥ֮䣬Ȼеһ˼дһ 
ںЦȻմҪ׼˼джϣȴͻȻȻķ߾ٹ޽У׵ĶһżϤӴ󵽲˼ľ 
žھ޽һ̣Ҳ֪ǿ˺̶ֳȣҲԼ޷ƣ˳һ˳ȥ 
Ҳֹ֮ʱѻƫ 
ҲıԵ֮ɨɳȥ˲æڿеңƻصԼ֮ϸ㽻ߵƣ 
ʱ̹ǲѾ飬ֻȥӹ̵ڶ磬Ҳ޷סǿƥŵڶ͵Ҳײƣ 
ڵľ治ݣҪ֪һ籬һ磬ĺХһΣ 
޷ֻ֮ðЩߵӴһռ䣬ڱʣɢ˳ȥ뵽ռЩߵ֮У 
ȫתľ£ղɢȥЩռеıɿע뵽ڣ 
ɹûⱬߵ״̬ǿܼʱѹ֮֮ıǸǿıҲ˵㣬һ̣ʥ֮˵ڵ죡ȫתľ 
ʱû˵̫࣬ûʱȥֻͣϣʥܷ֮ӳ㣬ȻԼɣԪܱܲסҲδ֪֮ 
䣬ʮֻ֮ϣʱЩǿҲʼȻʮʥ֮ƴĴҲ޷סı֮ƣ 
оԼ忪ʼͣѵ˱ıԵԼȴ޷ֹ׼֮ʱ ͻȻоԪһ¶ŸоԼ֮ϵƶ˿ȥЩδתıҲ˲ʧȥټ 
˿Լ湻ˣֻǲ֪ǺεȻǻ۰ԶܽӴƥı˲յǼ˼ıﰡ 
ԭ֮ʱԪ֮ڵܵ˵ΣһĹĻ棬Ļɿ޷֮ͬʱһͶǿľʥ֮˵˳ȥԶصԪ 
Ӵ񷢳ǵֲڵΣ˵ʵֻ˷ǳ̵ʱѣ 




ڰ ս

   һת죬ȷղֻǱһ£޴󰭺Խڶߵ֮ǰ̹źҲҡ 
ʱҲ˸ղػ磬˶Щ־Ŀ⿴ǿɶ֪ղǳСռ籬Ƕôǿ󣬿ܿıȴǰ˲۸ȫȥڿǸͨ״̬˿оκڣ 
δ˵ǰδȫӾлعʥߣ 
ʱʥ߿֮ʱ˺ܴȻʱһǿҲ޴ֱ̬ʣƫƫʱȴһεǿѹ֮У 
ʥǿ򶨵ĵ㡭ʲôˣ 
δڣһԵѺ˳ϴҲʥŵЩ˶ÿͷлӣҪчϴһʣٺ١ 
Щ֮˾ɵı飬ЩͳεʥҲĵ࣡ʥ˴εĴ߱ȶʥʤԵǸղ֮£ǣֻѡһԼ򣬶ǱǺȥ˵㽫Ǳǰδʧʱǿǿ˲¶˳ 
˵ǰһ˴ѹεģھǽαΣɢŵվǰ֮Ե̹źȴĿⱣվȵ 
ΪͻȻֳǿʵҲԲв֮ǷΪʥ֮ѾҪǿҲֻһ˶ѣʥ֮˲һڶԮڰº˵أ 
ĬƵģ֮ͬʱǿĹ״̬ɢʥγ˺Χ֮ƣ 
һʱʥ˹⻪ƣʥߺʹ⣬֮˶óĶԲȵʹѪ˵һ˲䶼һȦɫҲչ˿ڤ֮ͷųǿİ֮סʼܷлչ 
ʥĶ۵󣬵ȴԷֻ 
ʱȴСһһһεļӹ̺͸죬ݸղΣٶȷ 
Ŀ⻪ƣչȨȵʥߣ 
Ϳ˵ʥ֮ˣܴӸ˻ϵʵ߳࣡Ҳ̹ŶҪ߳ܶ࣡ 
ֱʥһʵԭһʥصʯйأȻ֪ǾʯӺδȷȷоʯڣҲȥþʯҲΣ֮£ʯ쳣ӴöԾʯ˽֮ȥʹãʱܳ鷳ղŵ籬ӣ 
֮˽ʥΧ󣬲û֣ǿȻϵһһֻ̣ҪԼһ˸ϵʱҪʥҲ࣡ 
ʱҲЩȻʥʵȵԤڵҪ߳ܶ࣬ʱʵҲǴʥ˻Ӧĵֻʥ߶ѣصʯԿһܿĳըʱбĿܣ 
ʵӴʯҲֻǿűλ֮͸Сѩǿѣڵѱþֻʣһ˿Ҳûоʯ˽ҲֻǴӻһЩѡ 
ڰ룬ǱߵӦòѾˣƾʯ˽⣬һа취ֹʥ߸Щ޷ص鷳 
׼֮˻֮ʱɢȥһˣ֪ڴʱͻȻ׹һֳһӰ 
󾪣һƿ߲ŷ 
ʥ˿ɾͲ֪ôˣͻȻһ׹һӰԣʶķӳ˿ܶʥŲͬʱʮѻϣҪֹǲڴǾ 
֪һװ֮Ӳ˰̹ڵʮʥ֮˹ȴ޷ӳЩϵ𵴺ͳûоʧ٣ʥ˴󺧣ٴιȴʱֹ 
ǴһĻ壡Сϵľʯ֮ʱһѱӡ֮˺ǵһЩߴоԺϵ̽⹦ͻȻֵϳ˾ʯܱϸ֮·ܱ֮Ǵ߱ȶ֮أ֮·֮˴˵أ 
ȫûʥ֮˵Ĺǰߵǰʵϴû°ɣ˵֮ʱʱ״̬ 
Ի˲޶⣬׵ĴԼӳֵĽ磬Ӳʮʥ֮˵ĹеЩ죡ȻѾƽվԼǰҲ΢ɵĵûˣղŲ͹ˣˣôСǴģ̲סĿѯ 
֪̽û·ǺҲĴʯڵϴ֪ǹƼĽᾧǰһһֻ洢ԴѾľ޷ʹӦеĹЧѣʱʯԴҴ󣬱˵̶ֳȵĽ磬ǿʮҲ׵ͨ磡˵ԼϰƼĲԸЩ⣡ 
ʱȻǹеĶ⼶ƼţԼװҲֻ̫ǴǰɫĹװûԴӦԼС˶ѣ 
ЦĴ˵ֵܣǱߵ¶ƽ˰ȻпյʺĵطΣ 
תͷЩһﶼҷӡоԺڣϴ»ȥã 
˵ַۻһЩѵĵʯѵҿ˴ɫҲʥ鼯ǲǸý俪һʤأⱾǻʱЦ֮ԣ˭֪úȻıʵСս֮±֪ڵʥ鼯Ÿ˴˴սżչʾ 
ʱָŻ̹ŵҶԳἰĹ˻壡ºзǳõ͸ǣʱ̹ŵʥ˶֪Ѿʯ֮£׼Ǹľϲ 
̹Ļ˵Ҳ໥ʵ̹ڸղŻԻ֮ʱ֪ݣֻһֱûܲϻѣЩʥҲ̹˵ˣҲݣֻԾɳԾȻܶʮʥ֮˵ǿ󹥻˿ 
˵٩٩̸ȫûȥΧЩѿ켱֮ˣ 
ʱ˵ɶйܵģ籬ʱͻȻֳǿʵǷǳţʱһ̬ͬ飬Ӳʮʥ֮ͬʱֵȫ˿ʲôʵ̸֮ԺԼµ˶ӡ׽ӦҲʵ滹ʵֲͬ飬Ǻǲ֮˴ʱЩûڣ̫߹Լֵʵˣôǰû໨㾫ȥ˽һʥŵı仯أǱ߶ǿ֪벻ͨЩ̬ļһǴðġ 
۹ɨΧסʥŵˣھϴʶһЩͼȻƼ֮Ĳ࣡˵껺ʥȥ 
ֹŻȥ̹źԼʥ˵ǺúϢһ°ɣֻҪֹͻϮˣܳ˻⣬ûܽʥϵİȫ˵󾲾ŻĶΧ֮˵ķӳ 
建ߵЩɫʥǰѪˣԼʥҲڻ߹֮ʱ۵ʥңŻ壡 
忴ʥߣĵɣⲻõģ 
ʥθղŲñֳľ⣬ߣҲ˵ʲôʥİ֣ҲĵˣȻǿƼҾ˺һͬ𣡡 
ЦĵΪԼ𣿡 
˵ɿɫ׵֣ʥߵһץڻץͬʱһȭͷС͸ʯ䵽 
ʥߡѪм˺վһԵʥҲڻֵͬʱһǿ壬ųһֻаչײȥ 
ղʥ˹龰һ㣬֮˶ԻĹûж˿˺ֻųչҲǰȥ㻯һڹĪʧ 
ʱʥߺ˵ڣԷǳеᵽǰʥ֮˹ֿ־ĿɿڴĿǰĻ壬ٴβ֪ڵ 
ûȥ֮˵Ĺͱ飬ϸϸĴϵʯЩ棡ȻǿƷʯʵرɼһΣ 
ʥʧĿűĪȥľʯûһ˿ɣܻƵĹ⻪Ҳ˲٣ʱѿʽԼʥһˣҲˣǿǰѾʧȥ˷ʸ񣡶ԼΨһõıǮҲԷȥʵԼ˽ҪʲôĽ֡ 
Ҳѹʥߴʱޱȸпʯ־ȫޣԭʥʮǰڵ򼫱ı֮·һϹżҵһľʯ 
ʥߵõ龧ʯܿӦ̺˺һֱǱоʯռΪõķȴһֱδܳɹҲҵһ쾧ʯʵķ 
Ǳһܷ龧ʯ뵽֮ڣԼȻĴӾʯ֮һЩǳ΢Ȼյ΢Ҳƽٶȿ̫࣡ 
ʥߵô˷ֺǻϲԼԹȷܿ󣬱Լôܷ 
ʥ˵ʥ߱Դ쾧ʯڿٻķΪգټԼʥһǰǿ˺ܶʵΪҪЮѪͰڤʥˣʥ峤ҲʥΪʵ˵ǽˣʵǽѪչ鵽ʥ¶ѣ 
þʯʵķѪջʵǷǳ֮ټʵǵʥһҲѪκһԵ⣡Ľ˱ûٲ۵γˣ 
˺㿪ʼƽ贫бȶ֮¶Ը干ͬĳ----ʥţʱֵϵĿƼٷչ֮ʱҲЩڵĵٷչǲÿƣ߱ȶǰУ漴ʥͬǰȶ֮£ 
ˣټʥʵҪԸʥҲ£㿪ʼ˵ԻͿƸľҪԱָʱһֲͬй 
򶨼ڴбȶգ峤󲿷֮˵ȶ֮ȥǣסʥţʣµ˱Գʥ֮˶ȥ˱ȶ֮ʱǵĴ֮ˣѸײڶ֮ƿɨƬϵʥŴԼɱй쵼֮ˣºٸ߱ȶ֮ȵ֮ʥţ 
ƻνƣһ뽫ǰǣֻҪʥţٿסϸҵ쵼֮ˣ˵ͳһĹͬǵʱĵ򲻾ͱ뵱һ޶ 
ʥȴڴ߱ȶ֮ʱǷɿȶ֮ʱԴֽ֮Ծ󻼣 
ʵʥͷһַԽʯͻȻһЩ˲䴫ת޳ȥȴܿƣʱ࣬ʱȴ٣



ھ ս

   û뵽ת޸֮ʱȴ˳󽱣ʵڳĹ̫࣡ðգ治񡭡 ֽڵľʯϸ˰죬ȻȥϴսƷТˣ˵ȭͷ֪ʥߵ˳ȥ 
ӹʯϾϸһ֡漴ʥ˽Ϊ֮ƹȥ˻ڿбɿĺȭ˫ȭǿĲٿͬʱϮˣ 
Ҳĳڤ˽϶֮ʵڿЩչﲻ˳ۣ˵̹źʥ֮Ҳͬʱԭʵȫչֳ֮չ˹ 
˴֮ҲæչЩ֮˻Ժù㣬ϾƵǴ򶷣Щϻ֮˾йƵˣ 
崩ºʵǿ̫ף˶Ĺ˰˿ãĹȥûô̬ͨʥŵҲ߲ȥ 
Щ֮˵Ĺ˵֣ǿüǹԸħ˵龰Ĵ򶷳ս㡭 
ƴͬʱҲŻǱߵ˭֪˵ƴģüͷ벻ͨЩǿ֮ôӡסģ 
˴εĴսȻʥʵռ˲ƣսҲһ浹֮ƣķҲòʥܴ֮ 
˫ƴеݱ֮ʱԶĿͻȻһСڵ㣬ĸٳС֮˲ΧСĽ֮⣬ֳٸķ 
ͻı˶ͣٷֿʱһϲǷַ֮ԼռڣϤġ̡սֻû뵽ȻѾ˵ 
ѯʵĿ⳯忴ȥ΢΢һЦϴ㲻ûˣսӣΪõϵܿٽǱߵĻ˴һСʹЩ̷Ҳеһݣ 
֮ȻΪͻȻ֮ǷֻһЩʱַǶ֪йڵĿƼչҶ˺ܶ࣬ι״սҲʲô£ĿƼܶǲ˿вأ 
һѪ֮ˣڵʥ֮˶СͻȻֵķԼĶԻչѪɫĳһʥŵӷɿȥ 
˭֪Ѫ֮˻ûһ룬㱻ͻȻһĹУѪҽжûͱм 
֮˴󺧣ǿĿǵҪĹǴϿյһսģ벻ⲻ۵սȻܷǿ󵽱̬Ĺǿٶ֮죬ֱ죬ٶ˭㣡Ĺսټֶ֮࣬Լģܲ 
ʱҲһռϤսװʯҲֱʹüʻͷųڹʱܽʮ⹥Ȼν 
ռڣЩǿ̷ȴҪֲܶܽܶԸһһ֮ˣһȻˣ̫ǿ֮˺ʹ͵ĿƼսøϽ 
ô̷Ѫ֮͸ײûʲôʵҲôɣ 
гɧһЩһ汳ˣһеĳʥڳ˹ȥ 
СͻȻĹ֮ˡ 
ʱ˼龰ı۾֪ԼûûпܳסǱ̬Ĺ 
ʥ֮ҲЩĿʮ֮ˣ˲мĲ״׷׽ͷŤһԣⱻճ 
˭֪Ԥеĳ沢ûг֣֮˱к󣬲ûмȫڵأʹþû 
ҲЩ⣬ǵñ̷Уܳ˵ò᲻صŻֵȥһѯʵ 
ĵϴ֪⹦ǱŸշģֻǽʽһ㣬ٱԷӡסһЩ̫ǿ֮ˣҲͲõĽˣɣ 
׽סЩ֮˵ģʵ 
⣬˵ͷϴģҲûͨ࿴ 
Ļ䣬Զַһڵ㣬ܿ㵽СĽ֮⣬ĿǸͷ͵񺽿ͻֹ 
˽֮ûͣĽӳֵĽײһ󶴣˽ŷĵײһڶĲţͿմбӡ֮Ϸɹ 
ֻЩӡܷ֮ˣһǿ˷ǸֶУе֮˺󣬲ַɵʥ֮ǰ治Զ䵽˵棡 
ȻһС佢ڵ˵йˣ̲סֿڶԻҲСʣ 
ͷ⵱ȻСϴֲûģ 
 
ֵϴǻȻоԺ˵ɣһЩ鷳أ˵곯佢ȥ 
Ҳʥ֮һͬ佢ʥ֮ˣȥоԺþʯʵ˵ˣ 
˶佢佢ս˲ʧ⵹Ƿеٶ̫죬ǶιܣȻ̶ֳȵֻܶЩȫûӦͨã 
˸һصоԺ㰲˴ץ֮˺ͰúʥˣԼ졢̹Ų֣ǿֱܻҶȥ 
Ѵ֪ʥ鼯ſ鷳֮£Դʱһл²ô⣡ 
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ڵҵ·ϣ̹Ż̲סʵҿǶ¶ɫǲǳʲô£ 
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ڻȲĵ˵ţ׳ʲô£˵ 
岢û̫ȥż֮ԣֿ˻ڵһĻڵλȿλ棡 
֮һ¾ͱʾĻĻһصǿգ͸տشԿԶɫҿǳܼ 
ĻĻɿĳǰƬӽһ֮ʱͻٸС㳯ȥ浽ͣ 
ʱĻһǳһСŴдԭǸķɴս 
ָŻ͵ɫ򣬱ϵΧһʯǣЩǵСһҲɿ󴬣ݷóЩɿ󴬶һЩϵͼľʯ󴬣ֻܲɼΧƷʯ뵽۸֮ɼƷʸߵľʯҽſ˵ֽĻеĻţ 
Щ󴬻ûɵǸʯ֮ϣԶĿռͻȻսЩ󴬷𹥻 
ڴͬʱһսִӸռԾ˳ǰս𹥻սȺַɳ˴󴬣սȺڻ³ʯǷȥ 
˫սԿ󴬵ĹΪĿģΪʹһֻܳɹĵ½ʯǣ˫ϧԽֱײ󴬣սֱȥס󴬵ڣ 
Ļʱֽлսľֲ֮ʱ˲壬Щ󴬵սͳһıʶЩ󴬵Ľȴɺܶ಻ͬʶսɣ 
ֽͣЩһҲɿ󴬣һοռԾļ֮ʱ׽Ļ棬ЩһεǼԴսϵ۸ľʯΧڣѱ⹥󴬵˼ֹһ˲ɿ󣡶һɳһЩ󴬣ǰһƫƧĿ͵ȴͻȻӿռԾĽסȻǱ˴սͿ󴬿ʼⳡսĽǲ֪ 
Щ촽ôڿƻôƬһʲôϵأû򣡡 
תͷͲҪ˵ⳡԴսĹģͲڵϵкܿڽһǼսղҲˣһĽɺܶ಻ͬսɣ˵ܿⳡǼսѾϵ˽ȥǰȥɿĿ󴬱˷֣ҳЩ󴬵ܻܿὫҲˮڵĵֶûУֻһھͱ㶨ƨս 
Ļ˵ϴ˵Ĳϴ˵Ļأȿ⼸󴬲׽ͼ񣡡 
Ļдʱֵһ޾ǿյľֻһЩʯӾͷзɿȥ֮ʱܸоʱĿ󴬷ٶж죡 
ĻŻеı987 
һԷɿĽ͵ǿһοռԾǰĳܵʱ 
ڵ3֮ʱԶһСڵ㣬Сڵ㴦ɳһ״ⲨɿĳϮⲨԶ˲ѵ˾ͷһ죬ĻϱһƬڡ 
忪ڵǵĿڱըǰػصʵʱм¼˵꽫浹˻ȥڸոշֺڵ״Ⲩ֮ʱ 
Ļڵ龰ɿĳǸСڵŴٷŴ󡭡 
ʱڳֵ龰̹Ŷɳ֣ǿͻͿЩԴʱ޶پ֮״ 
ԭǷ״ⲨСڵ㣬һսһźɫףþ޽Ĺˣ 
˵˹֣ΪȻβͣβҲɫĽ״װţ 
ѵ࣡Ѫʥ壡̹Ŷڿд󣬱㽫ѯʵĿת˻֮ 
ٿŴĻʾһݣȻ࣬ǿݲʾ˵߳ףṹҲЩ죬ӦȻеǿɣһֽоħ˺񣬵ħûβɣҲӦñǿ̫࣬ӦΪδ֪һ壡ٿ 
˵ֶӵǰ˸дǰȻһͼĹͷʶЩɿ󴬵սʶȫͬ 
̲סǵĿ󴬾ȻǱǻ֮˻ٵģЩԴսĶЩƼսôֺȻе˸һˣҸղſǴǿӦòǾʯİɣЩһѵҵǵϳ 
Կڵǵҿڻغ;бٵģĿǰΪֹǵĻӦûû˷֣Ҳֻʱ⣬Ҳ̫ãҿ󴬱٣ҲʧһƷʯ 



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   ˶ʧһʯ֮ûӳֿڵɳȥɿĿ󴬣һа˰ʮңֻҳɹ½ǣҿ󴬲ɼʯ󣬱þʯܽԶԾغɹػصȻֻһңǲɿľٶѾ˱ע⣬Ҫȥɿǲ̫ܳɹ ̹ŶЩ̫˽⣬ԷӳҲǺܴ󣬿ȴǴ󾪣߿ôǵĿȫǱǰһûͻҲû֮սЩһôˣֻɵһľʯﹻðⲻǶ𣿡 
Щǵĵʵǵ״һƷʯǸĲ꣬ЩǺҪģؼڻسʱȥĿ󴬣ܸܿǴܴ鷳 
˼ĵղЩսеĿ󴬣˵ǶֻܲɵƷʵľʯûܻһ󴬣ԲɼϸƷʵľأǸԹͷʶܲɵĿʲôƷʣ 
۾һϴѾ뵽йؽҿ󴬽ڱǰͻصϷЩսеֻܲɼƷľʯսչ̶ֳȣӦûɼƷϵȼľʯڶӦѶ϶ͻȻðĵ 
ŻĻǵĿ󴬱٣ʯʧǴʯ䵽ǷУǵõʯܳɹãһս𵽺ܴãǵ֪˸ûǿʵһܻܿǿǵĿ󴬣ǿΪɿһǲΪãǱûʲô˵ģˣǼ뵽һӪ 
۾ڵ⻹ˣǾ֮һֲ֪һΪΪṩģⲻֽˣлǵ׼·ˣ 
͵õģɳĿȫǱǷģЩµȻһҲ֪ӦҲΪǻṩ󣡲ǽΪǴʧȥƷʯ뵽Ǽսɵˣ 
ЩصĵûԾǷʵ 
ڻûУΪռϣȫǾʯľֲսã֪кܶ಻֮ͬˣߣҲҷǳ֣һͬ˺ѻߵһ𣬵ͬʱۼ⣡ˣﻹһЩ󴬱֮˻ٵĻ棬˵ű׼ĻϵĻ棡 
ֹһ£ҿڱǰûǸ˻ǵеֵ 
ԣæ涨ǵ֮ϣԱ߸һݵеģݲ㣬ǵ״ֵΪ193000λ 
ɵĵ棡ǺǿҼǵϴڴʵ֮ǰڵֵҲ80000λˣôྦྷʯӦñһǿ˰ɣ 
˻̲סֶһֲұ٣ô˵Щ񻰣Դ÷ﲻⰡڵֵѾ300000ˣûǼǹֻǱַİ֪˼ֵж٣* 
ֽŵĻҲÿˣֻҪ֪к֮ܶ˲оˣڵĵ֮Ǿ콫ʥ鼯ŵĺȫƵȥƲϵ˵ǵסٵЩʯͻĹƼ׳Լʵزס׼Ǽʴˣ 
ֶԻʵǱѾʼ׼𣿡 
ķڲɼʯװãСǵĸҲɣǱߵĻڸı⼸Сǵйڣǿմ󣬵ʱӦÿں̶ܴϣǸСϵڵĺˣõԶĸҲڼӽУ 
̾ϰĿƼǲһ㣡Ŷã͵ĻˣȻϵǵʣǱ߷չ˲˼ĵزˣڵϵĹʾô 
Ŀƺɿ£ڽͬʱйսҲ˵սʰЩδбȶֳ֮ˣԼǵĴ󣬱ϵõ˾ʯܱľѶȥǱߣڵľƷչҲ̫ϴģսǲյйˣⳡսҲʹͳһ 
һֱһԵ֣ǿʱڵȫ˱ϵͳѾЩҵĺԼ˶;еʹˣйҲжǵߵӦʱսȫٴʽʵйڵʵȫһڱսйڽѣ 
֣ǿ⻰˵Ĳ٣ʹõҪԴǺܣɺתɵĵܣйȫ˱ϵͳ󣬸ĺ˵糧ȻҲʹãټжǵߵӦĴ;ʩ˵˲䶼̱ˣʲôйľܲŰСǹСľ̫ƽйĺĸȺƴɣ 
˵ͷԻϿʼ׼ʥ鼯תƵ֮£Լ 
˵תͷ̹ŵڿܻкܶ಻֮ͻΪһȻ֮ʥŵ˵һ£УеҲʥˣҲȫټ˰ɣȻʥųɾǿҲΪʥʲôɣ 
˵Щӣ˿죬תԻҺļˣӦѾ˰ɣҲȥˣȻѱԺûᣡ 
ͻȻ£ɫЩȻʹҼˣҸĸ˫лһ壬Ҳȥƽˣ˰ɣ 
ԼֵͬܣҲ֪ö˵Щʲô̹ŴʱıȴеΣһ˷룬ʥɵģȻЩ֮ģ 
ƳĬĶϴУ˸ĸ⻹һܵܣ㸸г·壬46꣬Ǳһҵϰ壻ĸ׽Ʒ45꣬Ҳ㸸Ǽҵܵгǣ18꣬ڱһѧϸȵҸǵͼƬ 
ֹˣǵϸַˣǣû뵽֮ȴִδüҪ֪ڵ⴫֮壬Լ˽ϣһӦһ˵ 
Ҳԣϴֻ֮ˣ֪ǵϸַﻹϲĿܣֺƬأ˵סַ˵˳ 
ϴҪһȥ𣿡ʵ 
ҡͷˣһ׼һת֮£һ˻ȥ˵ȥ 
ûҲȥݳ˼зɿĳϷȥ̼ҵס 
ٶڿл˸ΣһС֮£ 
һͥԺʽеǳɶеĸ˾ۼ֮أȻ˵ĸֻԶԣ 
ʱĸ飬ԼԱߵСϣʧȥּ֮ģ 
ߵСתǴ㷢ֱվһŮӣһʱ˱ԱߵСţϲӭ˳ 
ֳһ˿΢Цͣ˽ŲǰŮΪǰһ˿ֵĸоʱԷǳ϶Լδĵܵܳǣ 
ֻŮһһֱ֧ʣݸǾϲĳǵ㲻Ҫᣬֻ͸ҵĶ㣬ϲǽ磬һҵĶ᲻˵ģ 
ԭеһЩϲΪУûȥӹŮݹƷٶҪҷǴСӣһ𳤴벻ͨǸϾתУĲʲôãһڶѣͺóҿǼһͲʲôˡ 
ǻû˵꣬ǸٶŮѾŭǣ㲻Ҫڱ˵˻ԺҪٲңҲýᣬУԺٽٶȫ٣˵꽫ĶӲ˳ǣͷҲصĳԶȥ 
һڵ湻ƵģԼ۳ࡢѧϰƷǸӽļһǿN벻ͨһֱԼ÷ٶôͻȻϲȻЩԼΪġ 
̾Ϣһ*־ͷְɣ˼ƷҲõŮѣ˥ı飬ʱӦ˵Ӧȫͬ 
ЩεĿ˿͸ֱʣתţȴһ쳣Ӣһͷʺ쳤΢ЦĳԼ֮ͣΣ 
û뵽ԼȻ֮ɣպĿһμĵܵܣŮѸ˦˵һĻЦ 
ɴ΢ЦߵǰùĵŮѸ˦ǰɣ 
һʵ벻Ӣ𺳵ļһȻһðôһ׵ĻڵĻҲ˹̲ס*ƨ°˵겻ĪļһҪתţ 
סЦһĵȵȣ㲻ҪߣҸһܣʵأ׸磡 
תͷ´˰죬Щĵģû뵽Ǹ׳գ*һ׳˵ЩǻתŶȥ 
ȥ˵ʲô顱һǰصĹ 
Цҡҡͷһֱڲϵȡȥ 
һЩְԵĵ塭 
ͨڴһŮ˵˭ 
һ˿֮飬ܸо˱Լĸףû˼нȥ̽ӣһһ˲ϲã 
ϵƣšֵ*ͷҽ˵𣿡 
䣬ͨڴ粣ڵ 
ͬʱҲһӹеôƷǡ˵֮˿ڵͨЩԶԵЩͳ 
ͨڵȫֹӦ֮˹رͨȴԶĳߴ˿ 
ȥ 
ڵһ·ֱͨĴӣû߼һһŮˣ֮ɫӭ˳ 
ѹסڼĴǰˣǰһվףӢ͢ˣŮѱЩƣȴԿɴϿʱòԼĸˣԼճñʧɢ˵֮ˣ 
ͻȻԵĻһֻ󻨹ųȥ 
ûȥɳŸռĸĸӭȥĸȴǴ󾪣ֹֻ󻨹Ƿȿ־֮ƵģڿбѷһغһſﲻҶ 
ĸ״Щ֣Щ΢֮⣬ֱղŵļڸǣĿƻصϡ 
ʱվĸǰȴ֪οڣϵĺ˵˹ȥ 
·Ʒʱڼ쳣Ҳðǰ֮ΪԼʧĶӣҪѯȴƵ˹ 



ʮһ 鷳

   ·ЩֽӹƣϸϺԼĶƷֹϵǿƣ ·˵תǡ 
ʱļ֮Լƽȣδ·˵ӿڵƴСҲϣӦþǵҽԺʧĺӣ 
䣬Ʒѿ첽ߵ󣬽ĺ췢԰ο磬ź룬ˣ 
·ɿת󣬳󾱿ȥȻԼӸճʱеģǳεź 
оԼѹˮתȥǿЦ֡裬ǵ궪ʧĺӣڻˣ 
Ʒ⻰Ļ̵סһѱסϲÿ޳ 
·ʱ˫Ѿ죬価סˮԻȴƷǰ㼤ЩѵصͺãͺãȽȥ˵ɣ 
ƷʱҲԼʧ̬ſҭȽȥ˵ɣ 
ĵ˵ͷתȥȴԼ֪ܵܲʱվԣ˫ʵ㣬Ҹ磿 
ЦЦղź㿪Цģ㲻Ҫ 
ӽűһڳǼ򵥣ȴǳ£ʵľʹʯΪװʹ˸ŵĵ֮ 
ͼ˶ʵľɳ󣬳·ȿڵ㣬Щû𣿡 
ʮĵεڳһδһԵĳ˷ܵĵЩȥﰡ˵㶪ʧʱ龰棬òǱץȥ˰ɣǲǱ˳ˣٺ٣Ҫһ˴硭 
·üͷһĶ죬ʲô߰ģ 
Цⱦܵ˵ĻԣԼȷǱһץȥˣҲ˳ˣ 
ûпڣǰĲ輸һ֧ŵĲ 
·һ֧飬ȴñͻȻһգˡһ飬ȴûκβȫڣ 
סĴ궯һˮһȭͷ»˳ڲϻһѣ 
·Ϊչֵ漼Ŀɿڴ֮ʱȴּ輸ϵĲĳϸգۼγһǰһ޶ıӣ 
Ʒ龰˹ȥ·ҲŴ˵Щ龰ȫʶΧǰ֮˻Լӳ 
ȴǳȻع˷ܵıץȥɳˣ۹ҴǳˣԺ˭ң˵Ľǲһ㣬ô֮ȻôܣЦԶԣ 
·Щ͵⡭ôô£ 
֪Լ֮һʱûôױ˽ܣֻһĽˣ֡裬ҵҽԺǱһȺ֮ץȥ 
ˣˣͻȻڵ 
ЦЦֽŵЩ˽ǴһɽУǸ󣬻ķԭ뽫ԸһȺ໳ĵаû뵽ȴ˺ܶˣһ͵ȥǧӤֻʣҺһģǰڽųɽȣҲȫЩа֮ˣҲԼ󣬱صˣ 
Ѿ赭д·ȴⲻŴͣʵͨôֺɳ˹ϵɴڴǰֳ浽׵ܣһΪֻ˵񻰹£ȻʱǧʣȴҲֻȽ˵֮ˣ 
ԾǳȻعǰһ˷ܵĵҲ֪ɺĸǿЩǺǣʵЩҪֻҪ֪Ҹǳ˾ˣ 
ƷĴֱʱŻָתԹˮҲãҲãЩ˵ҪֻҪ˾ͺãԺһҲҪֿˣ 
Щܣû뵽ԼۣȴֲòֿԺ󻹻᲻֮ҲԤϣһԼ治ûһֱƽȥжãʱطľ޴ϲãȴֽǵϲôߣٴɢޱʹ࣡ 
صĺ˿Բ𣬰֡裡ˡТڱҪԶĵطȥ뿪ǰҲкܶҪȥ֪Ժ󻹻᲻֮գͷĺܵͣЩԼĸĸ 
·һ㶣ʵ벻ΪͻȻһ˵òһ˼ۣȴҪ뿪˵ٲ֮գЩܽܣ粻ǿ˵˻ʱأǻΪڿЦ 
·循֮࣬ҲʼɿѰ˼ոձȫԵս仹̫ƽؽͨѷҵѧУҲڷż٣ȫڼ￴սתʱ˵ҪԶţҴȥܿٻزѵⳡսұȥִһǳΣյ񡭡 
·뵽һЩԣںȻĶʵǷ񻹱Щ˿ţǷȥһЩǳΣ֮£ڳ·ղչֳӦòΪһЩ֮ͨ£֮Ҳ֮ͨ£ 
ҲΪ˿ٵ˼ά΢΢Ծæ⵽ǣǰЩץ֮ڶҵ£ĻܿңڵϵսҽҪȥȣҲԵЩ΢ 
·˵ִ֮𾪣ʵھô˵ĻԽԽˣʵǵĽѾǿˣǱץȥǶţЩѵôֱˣ˵ԼҪȥ֮±սҪö࣬һõˡϡ֣Ҫȥ˴򽻵һʱԴ˽ 
ҲЩͷôܿٵİǽ֮ʱͻȻǰĿгһͷ񣬲һɫĿڵϴǱ߳ˣȥ;УӺϵߵаŶһٽˣ䣬Ҳûشͷʧ 
һû뵽ͻȻȻһ׼ʱ䶼û£ 
·˶ͻȻðͷ񣬵ôԾڵͶӰ洦ɼֻΪϴͨѶͶӰװã 
˵ĻֽǱѿɽԴٴһ£ʲôߡǱߡȥȥ 
·ʵ벻ͨԼռĶӵЩʲô°ֵ˵ԣϵӺԼ쾫ˣ 
ĬһᣬվڵкܶûʱǽһǵȻ˽⵽ЩԵҿӦҲ쵽ˣҳȥǣ 
·ʱŻع̾˿ǵļʶ̫СˣҪʲô¾ʹ󵨵ȥɣȻǿܰﲻʲôæҲȵģȻҪǼңҲñһ²Ŷԣ˵Ҳȷ֪ôȥ׼ 
мĶų·ЦЦŵ׼ʲôˣѾˣ˵곯ȥ 
·ҲæЩŵĸһȥĿ벻ҲУǻ벻ͨô֮졭 
˸һ⣬һɿĴͣǰС֮ͣϣ 
Сѩһܵߺ۾ôؼҲҰ㲻Ҽ𣿡ֻһͿ޳ˣ 
ЦЦⲻ𣬿͵ܵܣ 
СѩҲ֪ڴƽϣתȥų·ĵְֺááܵܺã 
·˶Сѩľò֮Ʒȷӳתͷλǡ 
Ц֣裬ǵĶϱ 
·ƷԶϲͷãá߸Сѩֿʼʳʶ 
벻ͨôƯŮˣ˼ĶСѩɩӺãǸɩŮɣڻԷǳ֮ 
δСѩһѴСοɲ´ˣɩɲʲôŮȴһŮϵذ壬ϴ·ʲôģʱ˵ĿǴʵ಻žһˣ 
ʱԼֻΪСѩԼĸĸɻأæ̹šΪĸһһȻ⼸λݣ󾪴󺧵ĸĸܵܣ˻ص˿֮ڣǷǳʱ̣û̫ʱȥף 
˸һȿڶԻǱ߳ʲô£ 
ɿĴϴߺ󲻾ãұϵյϢѾҵǻأùͷʶǷѾʼӵǴϵ֮⣬ʱܶǷһҲ˽ӹǣǣͣǷ˵Ϣ 
ʵˣʲôʵϣУûᵽһ֮սô£ 
æǷϢ˵һлĿƼǼˣ˳ԱϵڵһЩƼͼ˵ĿģΪ˹ϵǿ֣Ҳùͷʶǹ 
˵ͣһֽŵ֮˸ǷϢᵽϵǵ۹ɳǵ۹ٶǰͳһϵͬϵŵϵִϵ˺㿪ʼϵԵϵսڣϵڵľʯѱǵ۹ƣԴȱı棡 
Ц˼ȻѾҵǵĻأȻҲ÷ǸûндսʵǽӦΪпܲɼƷʯɣ 
ͷ˵ǼΪϵڵĸ߼Ǿ͸üһ𹲿֣ҿȷʯǼ˵ģҲûѡˣܾˣǺܿҲᵽȥǵĿ󴬺;ʯ 
ûǴ𸴣ʵ 
еģϢ˵Ҫһʱ飬ûǾʱ೤ 
̾Ǳ辡ϹȥȻжһϵȻ鷳ת֮°ȥûУһ仰ͬʱŻ塢̹ź˵ģ 
ʥ鼯źоԺأԼԺչ֮¶ѾȥټҲѷ֣ǿʥţ 
Ҳ쳯ҲѾźˣµҲȷ֪Ժôġ 
̹ŽŵԭʥŵȫоԺ֮ڣʥҲȫϵоԺټ֮ѽ޳ȥˣ 



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   ·塢ƷͳǴʱҲͨˣֳԾ֮ʵ̫ˣʲôžͺãǧסԼҪȥ˼һ۸Nս벻ָ̫ͨʲôϵսΪ˽ԼϸΪ Ҳǵڲ֪֮޷Ӵսս𻹺ܿյһĿȴͣ 
һ֮ɫǿ΢ЦŵصģֻҪʥ鼯ŵĺ뿪ЩǼʼս޹ϵеĸ߼һĶǣչǼʱѧɼʹʯΪҪԴ㽫򻮷ֵһУ̶ȻܽǼʷչ㽫֮ΪԭʼǼʼսһǲᲨԭʼģԭʼȥս 
΢΢ͷףֽŵǱ轫ʥ鼯ŵĺתƣ߸͵ϲõʯʣɽⳡǼʼս֮⣡εս󣬵ӦȻĻγһͳʲôʽͳһǶ̫Ҫ£ԺйӦڵϾܶ飬ʱԽҸʥ鹦ռķʽУͬʱҪ̫ȥչ߿ƼرƼйʹõĿƼȻչͻȻãԱȽĿƼ֮ȵˮƽʱڣϵˮƽҲӦõһ߶ȣҲӦֲͬʽĲ棬ʱԽֲͬʽϵһзչʼĿ¶׼ˣȥ跨ɼʯʱͻȻӵзǳǿʵҲ±뵽ϵսˣ 
ͻֶһЩδչĽ飬֤ȥܽǵ۹֮£һڵһʱ佫ʯ˻صԹϵĿܿٷչ 
¶Ҳò˸𣬳·Ʒ֪ԼӽҪȥ֮£Ҳ֪סͬʱǳԺοĶӣǲԺҲУ 
Ҳһٱ֤һչˣԺԼΪĵķʽЩ£ʥ鼯֮ҲӦûˣ 
֮ǰĽŵҩʮʥ鹦˳·壬ҪҪֵȼĹ⴫Ա֤Ժ¼ڵϵĵλ 
ƽǿšѩֵƽ˳͸СѩҲƳһԣСѩϲøʲôƵģ 
˻صоԺ֮ʱʥšսӡʥšԭʥŵӡߺһںĵʥ鼯֮ˣԼһ׼ߵʡѽоԺ㳡֮ϣ 
ȻЩӡ֮˺ǵĴ,Ҳ˹㳡֮,Щڵһһһ,ֻȽһ˵! 
Ż尴ϵĴŦ㳡ϵռһĹ⻪˲һƬտ 
Ǳͳ֮һ쳣տĴ֮ڣ͹֮Ҳнʮ֮ڣټ̷һЩʣȴֻռӵһСǣɼǺε֮ 
ӵɫȫһδ֪Ľɣ 
ռѵ֮ˣǳϤ˵أǻصŴͲ֣ǰֻռڵ˴һЩ⴫ͣʱȴʵضѣ 
ûȵϸ˵أѴĿڵ졢֣ǿսӺʥųԱнװһս״̬ʱ 
֣ǿӦǺʼֶȥ 
ûֿͣڵơġʥųԱʼػڵԴ콢Էս֮˻Ǳƻ 
˵תͷ޳޳ϴµ֮˵ѵȥ弶ʥ鹦ʯǿȻѵϵͳǼʵսѵһҪڶʱγս 
ڽ޳ȥѵʵŷǳҪԭЩ̹ʱһн֮ڣڵΪʵ̫ͣγЧսǴӱоԺʼӴĶȫİʱǵжЩ֮⣬дѹţָǻ᲻췴 
ȥѵһǿȱܿ˵ĽӴѵϵͳڿٵ˽Щδ֪һҪԭǣֻҪʥ鹦ﵽһ󣬾Ͳпܻģ 
ӻԵĶ֪ʥ鹦֮ˣֻҪﵽĳһ̶Ⱥǻʥ鹦ͬʱҲʥ˼룬һʥ鴫µǻʥ鴫е壬һʹУͬʱʥѡڴߣҲ΢ĸҳ֮ģ 
޳ӦǺת̹ŵ̹ųȴʥŵӺ޳һȥѵǱ߰ɣҲʯʵһܷɹ˽ٵĹؽˣ 
̹ŵͷӦǺʵЩ֮˺ǵĴ߸ôأ 
Щ֮˺ǵĴ΢΢ɨһۣȻ󿪿ڵڿûȥˣһȽǴȥԼһʱɣȫʧȥҲȥǿܣҲ㲻ʲôӦǰ֮ôʰǣǹ˴˽٣ЩһҲֻΪˣĶЩЩգҪǺʥŸ£ԼͻҲôȥɾʯҲͲô鷳ˣ 
ʥ֮Ȼȥʥ֮ˣȫЩ֮ˡ 
ʱһֱԵСѩ˶񣬶ԼûУŸС죬Ͱ͵ĿΪԼռѵôãӦҲܰʲôˣ 
״ЦҪսףװĶСѩСѩصͽˣۼԺʣŮӾȥפһҪֹеж˳ƻЩһȥҪл֣˵ָһȺȥ֮˺ǵĴߣ 
СѩϲĽֻҪУʥװûƳϲսνˣһȺŮѺֱ֮Ŷȥ 
ԸСѩ֮ʱҲͨѶԴĻˣʯѵȥ 
̹š޳СѩǴߺŻʣ֮˳һȥ߱߶Ի취ǱϵϣҪͨ 
Ȼְֶӵһٶ˷ɿص칫̿ʼռϢƻ̸ʧܺӦ֮¿ȷһţ 
⴫ͲΧʮţҴСҲͬ˴ʱ߽һڽСĽţְԵİŦ 
һ죬ȺصĽųߵǽ˽ȥ 
˳ȥ󣬲ĵ֮ϣֽͨһܷ֮ڣԭһСͷĶԽӿڣ 
͸ǰԿǰһܳͨͨͷһȽŵţ 
ڷ½ٴιر֮ʱǰͨͷĽҲͬʱɿ 
š죬ɿĳͨ 
ʱŸоղĴͲǶôСӷⴰԿһһƬĽںԶ֮ԿһƬεĴ󺣣Ǹղű͹ǼĴͲ֣ȴֻһڰһһֻСǶѣ 
嵱֮ʱ*ǵԭʼ̬ΪܿܳΪʥ鼯Լļңֻһ»أʵҲһС͵ƶҪתƣڵĻر*½صĺ֮ϣ 
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ɫĽʥ鼯ϵİ칫塢̹ŵʥ쵼˵İ칫أҲʥ鼯ŵָĺܵң 
˺ܿѽ˰칫ĵ½֮ͨڣմӴͲֳһͣȺĽŽжԽӣ򿪲źˣֱӽһƼзǳǿҵİ칫֮ڣ 
һŮӭʥʥģʲôҪЧ͵𣿡 
˵칫ҲصԣǷԽƵģܶ๹ı޷ûϳɣԵݺͲԾ޷ȣҪغͲٿеĻûˣܻԺ󻹿 
ͻˣ㶼ԳԼĹλȥǷǳʱڣҲز㣬˵ĹصҲȼ˴˲㣡 
ͻһ𳯰칫һȥ߱߿ڵǿմڵڽûУԵֲ֣Ծͽд˵Ļ趨ˣһŮ˵ȴ֣еŤģ 
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ĻشѾüͷҪʱҲ̫˰ɣ죡ֻ*˵ˣϣҪ̸ˣ 
ǿմסϣɺ󣬰˿ǽԹ̶λú͹ƺУһǿ磬ڶƷʯܵľ͹ڣʱҪϵҲô֮ˣȴҪɣʥ鼯ڵʵǵ۹ȺǿסҲѹϣ֮˵ϣ 
ͻʱߵ˽ǰ͸һ˿˽ź󣬶˱첽˽ȥ 
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Ӹռ֮ʱ΢΢һ㶣ȻǶɢʸеһ˿ȣҲֻ΢΢һ㶺ظ˷ǳѺ̬֮΢Цſڵλã˵ϯɣʶλ˭ʥǵʥ£˭£ 
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   ɫʥ˵ʥλϵ֮ڣͬΪӴһԱĳЩҲʵųԽǺܶĳɾͣϵ֮ʱҴ˳ʥ鼯ż뵽ͬϵĺƽҲǹֵģһͳұΪأص۹أʥȴһͳұţʵǸʲôļţ صĵŹҲѾʥ鼯ųɿ⣬涼ǳȫûнսʵĿϴɳɿʱҲֻһҳɹĿ󴬶ǵ۹֮˻٣ҪµĿ󴬣ܻҪһʱ䣡ǵ۹ѾӿǼſڣǲˣڵսʵѵסκһֵĽΪϵĺƽһҲûǸˣֱӽ뵽ʵԵ֮ϣ 
žɵʵѵھֻʣһҿ𣿡 
ͷǵģҿϴη;ҲܵһЩ𻵣辭ٴͶʹãǽ󴬻˺ܳʱ;ڴ֮ǰʵ֪սȻҲһνп󴬶ɳȥˣڿѱǵ۹ӷҿ޺Ҳٲɵˣ 
ʱ֣Լʥ鼯ܲɼƷľʯȴû֮սʵһǳ֮£ôЩȴȻһʶûһ£ 
΢΢ĬƬ̵ִй٣ƶλֱӶԻ 
ͻԶһֻҪʥ鼯ǵ㹻ӣǱкܴϣΪԼȡһλʱ䣡æ΢ЦŵͷӦ 
ĻϵĻٴлֳһĿƵˣҲǴһɫĳۣ֪ǲϵпʽһСϵƽͼ 
δƶڣͻִͬйٴ˺ãܹʶ£˿˵ϴǴʱҲʧ 
ƶ΢ЦҲܸʶλ£ڲ˳Աֱƶˣڽɣ 
ƶڴĻг֮ʱ˫˷ͬѰźһЩɫ˾Ǳ濴ȥ֮ȻΪӴ˵ԣʥ鼯ܷɹ˽ٵĹؼúӦǣ 
ɫһ֪ƶʥ鼯ξкο 
ƶ΢ЦҲλ֪ʥ鼯ѾϵܷסֵĹؼǵʥҲܿܳΪϵսĺ֮ 
װŴ󾪵ôܣΪιأ 
ƶûȥشĻȴǿʵǽɿ֮Ǵ̫żлðɣ 
һ棬̫ƶΪͻȻһ˵תµЩʲô״ɻ̬֮Ŀƶû˵ĵ˵ȥ 
Ȼƶɻֽŵضɣʥ鼯ϵкܶ࣡Σǲϵǰйһʢʱڣʱϵڵĸչ˷ǳߵĳ̶ȣȴϵ۴ͻȻֵһģʯܱϵˣ˼֮ӳϵܹ˽⣬ϵڵǴξʯܱбϵڵǴܱƽϢչɣ 
ͻ˶Ǿȣû뵽ϵȻһʷʱҲΪƶ˵ʥ鼯Žɿ󴬵ķܿǴ̫żлˣ Ǹʥͷʯڵһżҵˣ 
ƶ˼ıֽŵϵڵĺܶ򣬶ٵķһЩ̫µżõһЩǳȽȴֺܵһƬ֪ʶǻǱΪҵһЩ̫żܿٷչڵĵزҲҵһЩ߼󴬽֮ȴȱͬȼ֪ʶԲųֻɿ󲻻̵ľɣ 
Ȼʥ鼯ڵû˵Уķ 
״ŻȻĵԭǻΪԼ񵽱أû뵽ȴкܶͬļǵĽ󴬵ķȷǴһ̫żãﵱӦһ󴬵ĻأȻѾȥ꣬һȴǽ֮һЩϳɼǴڴ֮ǰǸûɼʯ󣬱ΪɵʯܼԼķչû뵽 
еԼϴϷȻ˵øƵģԼ֪ϸû׼Ҳᱻƭ 
ƶҲЩ⣬û뵽ǾȻҵһ䱻ңǵ͹ǵļֵпĵǲ֪ԼжôˣȻҲдżзһЩһЩ𻵲д֮ҪЩ̫зǳо֮󣬲ܵõһЩԼ̶ȣȴǵõһļرǸ߼ĽϳɼҪ֪߼Ŀ󴬣Ҳͬ߼ս 
һţɴˣֻΪҽڣȴЩϳɼǵǿջ²˻˵ȥˣ 
һװףȶ̽ڵľ㣡һ˼㿪ڵԲףƶ˵ʥ鼯ŽΪϵֵֵĹؽʥΪսĺ֮أѵΪǻɿ𣿿ɹ˺ǵ۹Ҳͬ޿ɼĿ󴬰 
ƶɫΪľʯ󴬣λ֪ǵ۹ս꣬˫źܴʧǵ۹ɽӣȴ޷ҲһֱûܽǸϳϵȥЩָ꣬ıսʼפϵľʯֹǲɼʯжǵԴϿǣԴȱÿβɿǶḶǳĴۣȥò˶ñᱻϿ磡 
ƶ˵ͣ˿ͻˣ˷ܵļǵĳȴⳡսķչתǵĿ󴬿뵽棬ǵ۹ս޷ֻ֮ҪͻڿķкܴĻԲɻؾʯɼƷϵȼľʯƷľʯֹˣǵ۹͸ϵ޷ɼ˴ƷʯҲһڶʱо÷ʱսڶߵսһȫµĲΣҪЩ֮˸ϳϵҲ£ 
װžȵƶ˵ڹ˺ǵ۹޷ɼƷʯ 
ƶͷҪɼƷƷľʯҪܸߵ̶Ȳܰ쵽ڵǵ۹ڵгԱδﵽߵ̶ȣܵõʥ鼯ŵļˣõṩĿ󴬣һӮⳡս 
ƶ˵һתĵǵ۹֮˲֪ǵĿֻʣһңǵսȺѾʼʥڵСϵۼ벻ϧ۵󴬣ǽ󴬵ķλģҲ˴սһǵ۹֮˵óѵģ 
ƶвζʮĻڴ󶨣ڲǵ۹ˣǶ㹻ڼ̵ʱڽʥǻȥڿɶôֹԷΪǵĿĶͬǶǳЩܲɼƷʯĿ󴬺Ϳ췽 
ǵ۹õЩҲϵȵԲɼƷʯϵǱ׵öࣻ˴ƷʯҲʵ˵֮˸ϳϵֱӴϵȥҲȫ޿ܣ 
Ҫһλʱ䣬ֻҪʱ䣬Զĸɺʥ鼯ű˿ߵʱѰһʵٴҲ£ʱ䣬ǿմ󣬱빥ܾͲˣһḶصĴֻۣҪʱ䣬ԻеʣҲһս˺͸߼սܸЩһȥСľϲ 
ڸ˵Ķ˵òˣҲ˱̬ʱˣȴװž岻Ķƶƶʮʱ䣬֮ǻһ£ָĵȻ飡 
ƶ伱ҲںʮӣǳǸûѡأ΢Цĵõģϵϣʥ鼯ܹˣʮӺƶ˵жͨѶĻֻʼͼ 
ͨѶжϺЦԻãڵʱڲɼƷʯĿ󴬣Ȼָӣˣڻڻжҿ󴬣 
Իڵ¿Ƿǳң 
˵ͷֵڻڵս˺͸߼սִľʯã 
΢һ˼ʯû⣬õʯĵطʵ̫٣еʣȴֻһǧҳս׵սˣ֮ҲûʵõĽ󣡡 
һǧңѾ㹻ˣϣʱó 
ֿʵϴҪǸ𣿡 
ЩǵĵӲ˲ҪֻҪȰɴ˽پУҿƶܿʲôǣǵ۹ͳұϵҲֻʵǻСӦǣܱסʥǵĻأǽһʱǱٵǸᣬҾǿȴЩ֣ 
յ˵ͷͻȻ뵽ʲôƵĵϴϴζᵽʥʥ鹦չ˺ܶ࣡ϸһ£ǸǳʥҲǵ˺̶ܸ߳ȣӦԸٵΪŶԣܷչٶȱأȻȥþʯЧǱǾͱϸһˣԺ󴫳ʥ鹦֮Ϊûãкܶ಻Ҫ鷳 
ʵ⣬Ҳ뵽ɶûʱȥϸ飬֮ԣΪȻĵͷˣЩߣܷ֮ǳٵʥ鹦ΪΪϰȫʥ鴫µϵйûȥκ书ʥһֱĹʥŴĹҲЩ书ʥ鹦ͻԲٶȱȱ 
ͻȻ桱һָŴĻϴ㿴ǽϻˣ 
תͷĻȻһСŻɫɫһ𣬲ʱһЩҡ׶ɫĹʧ 
ĻеĹ㣬ڶԻٵˣھƶڱǵ㶯Ȼһˮǿɾˣ 
˵ͷƶȥͨѶϢ 
ƶһĻЩеʵλǵôˣ 
æԪʮʱ䣬ǽʮΪ˸Ҿʯ󴬣ϣó⣬ʥ鼯ܹɹ˽٣ϣҳΪ˵һԱ



ڶ 󴬽

   ƶѲµĽõĿ϶𸴺Ծϲɫĵ̫ˣλģ˾ƴȫҲסǵ۹ǵĽʲôϵҪ뾡ܿڣִйٵʥ鼯ʽΪ˵һԱ мĵллִйٴˣʥ鼯ûнսʵԺһΪˣ㹻Ŀ󴬺ֺϽϣջЩǵ۹֮ˣνҿִģҲὫ֮þԺܻҪΪṩĿʣԹϳɽãλһѣ 
ƶ֤ģԺҪʲôʾܿڣһǵֻҪҪĲƷʯСƶʱѣ˵󻹿Ц 
ƶֲѵȻڻƴס˶ʥǵĽѱǿܻм֮˻һЩ壬͵ƻҪ˵ʥЭʥ鼯פ𣿡 
æ⵽ˣ֮˺壬ŻӦ 
ͨѶжϺл崫Ѷ졢̹ŵˣϵ¡ 
һű㲻ˬĵʲôϴ󣡶ûͰҸ˻ǵһս桭ʲôʱע⵽ĻŵǼսƬȻʲôֻ֪ʶѣ 
̹ź֣ǿ˺󣬱㿪ڽղ̸֮³˳ 
ɻĵϴҪǿ󴬣ҪǺϳɽ𣿡 
ЦǵȻȻƴǵ֣Ҳܸñʾһ°ɣ˵ǽ󴬺ͺϳЩ̫ߵĽҲкܴĺô 
ҵѿ⣬ǻʲôôĵĲ˷ϸ 
ȴûƽϣڽ͵˵õ˴ƷʯʵĺϽ𣬲ܳɹļãⳡϵսܿƽϨȻʵпܻҰģҲϵսϵڱһԺƽʱڣ˵ǳΪȱٵľһû̫ӵķչʱ䣡⣬Ϊʥ鹦ǰõıԼǿܻῪʼĸ߼սսˣЩҪĴԼȥЩ鷳ȴԽϳɽĿΪڣΪǲϵֿǱԴʥǴչˣ 
֣ǿڿŵĵۣϴģķóԺǲǿǣ˵ıˣֻҪǲ󴬺ͺϳɽ֮Ǳһֱƴǣʮ󽻿󴬣ȻʼϳɽǺǣԺкӹˣ 
֣ǿںܾǰһʼΪϴΪʥŵͳ˧Ҳʥ鼯쵼֮һ֪ûǸѣʥ鹦ٶȾǱ˿ôһ㣬컹һֱΪﲻˬ 
ȻЩǴеƲĽһֱƶʲôǣǵ۹ҲֻЩʵͻȻɽӹ󴬣ҳӦûİ취ˣϣǿմǰҪźãǿմң⼸ڣȻΪǵסǵ۹ӵĽȴȫֹһЩ֮˻ˣǿʵǱ뵽ϵڽƻԣڳ˾ʵͽս⣬ʥǵķϵͳʱ׼Ӧϵߺ֮ˣһκһ˽뵽ʥڵʥʵǷǳȵǿմ󣬱Ǳûôˣ֧ŵҲǺõģ 
ɵĵϴİɣʥڻפأսʥѲߣʥʮսڸ󲼷㱻Ǳ뼸ˣǿɸ㶨Ӧÿһʧģ 
֣ǿҲڵǰϴʥŵгԱڽս״̬ͬʱþʯʥ鹦Ҳֻ̺ʥҲһӦÿԺ̶ܴϷֹǱƻģʥŵרսԿٵãǾ͸ˣ֣ǿ˵ô࣬ʵŻʥսʵЩĽǼװרս̶Ա 
嵱Ȼ˼ڵİɣЩ²ѣȽڵĽ˷ػغʼרõսСս 
ЩǣΪڵǹɲĸоʱûȥҲδ֣ǿԵǰ֮¶Щ֮⣬æֿڵҾͲ˵ˣӦ֪ôȥһ״ΣգǧҪȥӦһҪڵһʱͨѶ֪ͨҺˣΪڵʵȣԵ̫ 
֣ǿ˵棬Ҳ֣صĵͷӦǣǸղҲֻ˵ɣȴҲЩأ 
ЦֻҪˣȥɣסʲôʱҪԱʵΪ򲻹ӣǧƴ 
֣ǿվЦİϴʥһȫһһصģ˵ųȥ 
̹ҲЩ׼ȥ湻ܵģԴʥ֮ʥűʥ鼯ųһ壬̹Ϊʥźʥ鼯ŵĴϣҲȻĳʥ鼯λ쵼֮һŷͬѰǻۣʥ鼯֮£ǰδģԺܶͲף̸˽ˣ⼸쵼˼£ױ˵ʲôǲ׵ˣʲôͽ飬Ҳѹˣ 
̹뿪ȴڽס̹ųȵȵȣһЩһ£ 
̹ŲԵ˻ȥк¾ܷԸͳˣ 
͵ģҾԭʥŵʥ鹦ʱչٶȶ̫룬ʥŵӶʥ鼯ŵĺԱ辡ҵĹؽڣԲóһоһ£ 
̹γԣʥŵԴӿʼϰʥ鹦Ϊķǳ죡Ҹղһʯʥ鹦ǹĲ˼飬ʥŵҲˣôأ 
忪ڵ֪ʥ鹦ǳܹͣ㿪ʼʥ鹦ȻΪǰ˺ܶ࣬ٶʥ鼯֮˺ܶ࣬رеߣʥ鹦ʵٶȲĽп죡ʥ޳λʹ߶ͬʱʼϰʥ鹦ʥʵ޳ˣȥǵΪܿᳬԽ޳Ƶλʹߣÿ۱ᳬԭʥŵӣ 
̹žɵ£Ϊλأ 
Ϊʥ鹦ֻʥ鴫µһϵйԭʥŵȴֻľʥľڵĻ̶ܴԾǰʥŹ޵ãȻֻҺͻĲ²⣬óһоһ£ 
˼ֿڵľվʯͬʱʱתʥľԣһ¾ʯڵתܲҵڣ 
̹æ֮һ龧ʯ뵽ڣԺھȫȡʯԡ̹˵㿪ʼ 
ʥס̹ţʼϸϸ쾧ʯ̹ڵתҲֻڵʥ鴫ߣŶرʥ 
ڿԷǳĸоʯ쳣ϵɢ̹ڱԴںϵһ𣬲ܿıЩԴΪ̹̹ŵΪҲ˷ɿҲͬʱ鵽̹ʥľȴܺܿȡתΪʥҺľʥľ̹ͬʱתûԭеศУǻִ 
óۺ󿪿ڶ̹ŵֹͣʥľء 
̹ûгֻʥľֻͣǵľӾʯȡ 
̹ŶԵĸоľӾʯȡٶȻֻһ㣬ȴҲǷǳˣ 
˼ʥľֻܿٵȡתʥ鹦ȴȡľûʥľȡһЩĲݣǱں̶ܴӰ쵽ľٶȣ 
̹ͣȻ󽫸ղ쵽Լķ̹źͻ˵˳ 
̹ЩĿڵǰʥ鹦֮ʱҲֻ˼ٵʥԭΪʥ鹦ֻľΪҪΪܿٵʵѵʥҲʥ鹦ǳҪ 
͵ǵȻڵʥǳ΢Բ֪ʥ֮ʥ鴫µߣﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬶ʹüʥʵ֣ľֻΪ˿ٵ洢棬ԹãӦûǵý紫߱ȶʱ칥Ѫ崫ʱ֮ɣǱȽٿĹ⻹ֻڵʵ̫Ҳǿǿ󣬱ֱӵйأȽ֮ˣ 
̹ŴʱŻȻԭ뵽ȿķʽˣΪڴʥŵʥ鹦֮ʱЩ 
תͷԻڿȷΪǰʥ鹦Ӱ죬㿴ʲôõķ֪Ȼûʲô书ȴȥоܶ书ԭԲų 
΢һ˼㿪ڵڿֻһ취Խ⣡ 
̹ѵõļеʲô취 
忴̹źˣһһֵĵϹޣ 
̹Դ󾪣ͬôɣ 
ֽŵԭʥŵӶΪҪǷȥǰĹ¿ʼʥ鹦ҲҪܴﵽǰˮƽȻЩʱһ˵ʲôʥ鼯ֵǳʱڣʥŵֶʥ鼯ŵĺʵǴʱʵʱ䰡 
̹Ŷǳżæ鲢ϴ˵ΪϺʥŵӶپ˺̶ܴȵĽɵֵҲͻȻǰΪȥҲˣڷϹͬʱǵʧȥ֧ŶήпܻʧȥֻʣԪ񣡡 
˵ѾĽҲ˿ڵ˵ķϹô޷ 
ŵĵҪϴæǱ̹ųϺʥŵӣ޷ɡħֹһţȻͬʱʯľʥľϴľڲϵԺܿĽڵһξǶǿʺǿ书ףɡħһֹĽչҲǳ֮죬ڼ̵ʱڴﵽϹ޵ĿģҲʧȥǰ޵ʥŹһʥ鹦ߣ 
ڴϲȷʵУ̹ŴʱҲǿ˼˵֮Ȼδţ˵ķҲƾټ̹ԼҲʥ鴫еļֹԷͬ޵Ҳ˽⣬ľãԶԻ˵ķҲУڻʧȥǰʥŹҲǺҪˣʥ֮ڵĹҲʥڹԺʥ鹦ʥΨһҲǼ£



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   ̹һ˼صĵͷҲΪ˵֮һԣֻǲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬;ӻ᲻ΣգУܲеʥŵӶްɣοԺ󻹻Ὣʥ鹦ڸ֮ˣҲÿ˶ȥްɣ ͵˵֮ҲֻϳԽһݺ󣬲֪ΣԺʱ䣡Ҫϴ֮£ϴɲģʵκһʥ鹦ߣʤֻٶȻϴʥڴܶˣʥŵӲ̫࣬ϴ޿Խʡܶʱ䣬ԺЩʥ鹦ߣֻһеʥ鹦ȥһˣֻҪһ޳ɹǿԼˣ 
ͷҪ೤ʱ䣿 
ԴѾˣ 
̹ĿɿڴС 
չһСᣬϲĿڵⷽĺܺãɹʽӽٷ֮٣ûʲôΣԣʥŵӵΪ̶ȣټϴÿֻҪ쵽һޣϴҲȡȫǱԼתҲɿʵʵǸķлҲҼԣ 
̹ԶǴϲ߿ڵ԰ɣ 
ͷãаɣȽ˻壡ˣʼ޺;ɲͣ 
ԵģһãԽʡʱ䣬;ͣº󣬳ЩӾʯȡֻῪʼԼתˣ 
ͻȻ뵽һµֿڵҽ˺ܶྦྷʯʥҲǰ˺֪ܶ࣬ܲľսڵȡҲеĻͲؽϣҲͬʱһˣ 
۾һ԰ôʥøˣӦÿԵģϴ㲻һԣ 
̹ŵ˵ͷ̹δɡħֹǰΪʥ鴫֮ҲһЩоʱѡ޷𹦷ʼͬʱתľʥľ 
̹Լһľʼ͸һȡ̹ڵͬʱҲʥľΪͬΪҲľٶȣ 
̹ͻȻڽе̫ˣٶȸϣ 
æͣĿ⿴壬ϣܶͣ 
ϸϸһ¿ڵϴľȡռеԣǲǱǰˣ 
̫׻˼Ҳ˵ľһ󾪵ͣ˼ĵôٶȱǰֹ 
˼ĵͷҶϴڵʥ鴫˽⻹ǲҲ͹ʥ鴫е棡û´ϴԭΪͻȻΪɵģԺٶȣҲʥӣԽԽ죡ܿ쵽ʲô̶ȣͲˣ 
˻ԣҲǿϲԼܿͲЩͼߺ֮ˣ 
ֶ̹ſڵϣɣһŵģ 
̹ŵ˵ͷֿʼй 
ȽľٶȿŻȻ죬ͬʱ̹ʥٶȣߵõƽ󣬲Ŷľٶȣ 
ڿֵýȻѿķŻ˴̹ٶȣԼڵٶȴɿףֱӴӾʯҲܴﵽٶˣ 
̹ѿʼޣ㲻ٴǣȥ 
Э̹޸չ˲ãʥɿĿУͻȻ͵棬棡֮ѴǴǱϵʥǿٷ 
䣬˽ɿĵϴǱˣ 
̹ŴʱвԸҲֻͣ 
ڵѶ죬װ˷սӽأǧ򲻿ɵΪս֣ǿҪǰķƣе˽뵽һƺУ 
ѿʼѶֿڶ㽫ĸǱڴĻϣ 
õģĻĻϳĵǿпٷеӰ 
˶۵˴Ļǰ彫ĻпٷеһٷŴ 
ֻⶼɫĺ֣ǰһٷУ˵Ƿٶ̫죬ϳһɫĳ⣡ 
̹ſڵжУǶ֮ˣǻֵĺس̶ȣ书ΪͬСɣһҪСӦǣȥʥŵӼʱ 
ͷҲãЩûͻ֣ǿǵķƷʥӾȲҪǻ 
̹ŵͷӦǺȥ 
忪ʵϴҪҪȥ 
ɿŴĻȿ˵ƶŽ֮ˣ˵Ľѽ⴦ϵǵ۹ӻھԴʱͻǵķҲôŶԣ 
ͷǺпܣƶǽĿľΪǵķʵȵӦЩǱ֮ʱǸ飬˽ЭפʥΪڣûǿ󴬺ͺϳɽ췽⣬õҪĶ֮˸пֱӽ 
ŵղ֮ͨʱұоƶȷǸҰ֮ˣ˵ΪԼĿģܿʲô¶ɵóҪǵ۹֮ǱҲӦֻôĸģк֣˺Ǳߣûϴһǵ۹֮һĻᣡ 
ͻ˵ĵӴĻϿװսսӳԱӭߣ 
ͻʱЩţսӵһνǼЭͬսȻռѽսȴǿѵʱˣ 
ټսɢγһ״ΧÿڶһڷǰγһǽܿٵǽγһԲε壬˿ 
Ҳͣһ𣬿ЩΧټܷʱҲЩɻʵ벻ͨôôСսսװԻʽҲʮ 
Ҳ֪ЩˣƷʯܲɼǿˣóսļһҲӦ̫Ŷԣ 
һչֵߣ̽һһܷȥ 
һ״ɿĻǼܷǰĹ֮ϣйǰһ˲ǰܷǰһСƬ֣ͻȻñǰŨʮȻûѶȵĵ 
˵ȻղǼܷǰǴЩ֮һƬĻϽ˴ʱڴ棬ЩƼеСսȻó󷨣лӣ 
ЩʵǿõǣЩСսܷ̫ǿܵйҲӦòӦ 
Ļﴫϴĸһɵߴվﲻҿ̶ȽϵͣҪҰȫ׽ɣʱͱƹ˵׳ʲôģ 
ڻ棬ĸһסԼʧ 
յá 
˵֮ʱԭվûߣͻȻͬһܷ˹ȥٵǰּķֿóԼֱļܷ˳ȥͬʱҲǰ䣡 
䷢̫ͻȻֵԻ֮ʱսԱʶΪ֮ˣ뼯ƿƣڵһʱ䶼Ǽܷǰ˹ȥͬʱҲй 
˭֪˵˷ǰȴͻȻ˿õһνսսԱڳЩ΢ĻңʧȥԭӦеĬӦ֮ʱƿĸطĹȴδֲܷȣһܷǰԲһӲȱڣҲķ˳ȥ 
߷ӳҲǼ죬ͬƿȱæȱ֮ȥ֮ǰȱֱսԱٸսԱĹʱҲĵ׶ֱϮδӳȥˣһȴ͸֣׷ܳȥߣ 
ڽ֮ڵ˳з򹥻ǣϲΪǸоЩ̺̫ǿ󣬶ҹٶҲսĹ˺ܶ࣬ǶӦòѶ㱻ҲӦʲô󰭣 
ٸδĿЩȻȻĻڷǰĹĻ֮ϣⷴƳĻ 
˭֪Щ󣬾Ȼת䣬ĸ׶׷ϮˣȫĶɣķΧ̫࣡ 
ֲ߳˼Ĺʽе޴֮Уһ˲䣬׶ֱǵĻ֮ϣ 
߻ع㻤ֵιһӴǱֿʼڽп࣬ԭΪЩȻأվսֹӦǾҵײܱ߻ҲֻڻĿһ˲Ŷ԰ 
ɴʱĹײǵĻϺ󣬸ûҲûɢǿʼɿתųǵĻ꣬տʼʱ׶ɺȻһֻɿתͷǻĹӴ󣬲ٿйЧ׵ǣټСսȻڲͣķ򣬻ͷ˽ȥЩͷǿԽԽߣ 
߲ûֶã㱻ͷڻϸ˸ͷ㡰䡱һը˿궼ûʣǵҲûʲôʱ򹥻񵼵һˣ 
ЩըַɿıյǰĹĻ֮ϣŹĻʧЩδֻصսԱ֮ڣ 
˵ƳĻȥߣһĻҷйʱȻѾΧ֮ƲӦѾЧֻҪƻǵƣǱ뻹ͬһȺСսˣ 
˭֪ĹŸո𣬻ûü㷢һ׶״ĹȻ͸糯ɿϮĽǰ˲࣬ȥʱҲ޼ǰûͨǣô״ȻͷһڤĿ 
ⳡսջоյķɿˣڵĺܶ˶亹Ҫ֪ЩսԱͨʮϵϰٵһ׶ȥһߣ󻹲ϵǶôǿĹڴⲻ£ȻûôãɼսԱЩ֮Ĳ࣬Ŀ֮ݣٶǿһ㣬ⳡս㲻ˣ 
ڴ׳գȻڽס˺ĵһʱйƻƣ 
ͻȻ뵽һ£ԵĻʵˣϵܼ֮ܲӵ֮£ 
ȻܣڼװõĸϵγһŲ㣬ϢⲨ̽Ⲩ辭ǳֽܲ룡 
һǾͺãƶӦò֪֮˽ϵĽˣҲ벻˸һͱɣ



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   Ҳڵ⼸ƶŽģڵڶӦҲǱˣټϴ˵֮ƣǺܴܿߺǺͰ˺ƬǿǱ룡ϴ㿴Ƿýйȥ⵽ʱֲ ЩЦĵʲôʥ鼯սģҲֻмװս̶ԱʥŵˣʥھܵȥҪӦЩͻʥ֮ˣ֣ǿʥʮƣҲֻһʱ֮ãҪЩǱ߻ѣ 
΢һ˼ֽŵ㴫Ѷ죬װ˷սԱʥߺǵķλϣ̶Ա֣ǿأ̹ųҲʥŵӵＯϣ 
˵ͷʼѶϢֲ֪óһť۴СĽƬݸϴ㻹ǴһͨѶɣϵ 
ӹͨѶЦĶǺãֻҪ̫Ķ壡΢ͨѶ˲뵽У 
漴վͲóȥˣصֻϤסʲôһҪڵһʱ֪ͨң˵Ŷȥ 
ڻϷĸ߿֮У׿һ޼ʵĺ󣬺һߴ̵ɽԼïܵɭ֣ʥ鼯ŵĵһǣҲʥ˵ļңЩأ֪սһܱܲס 
ʱҲûʱϸϸ̬΢һͣ㳯ߺǵķλȥ 
ֺǿ֮Уռڵ龰һ㣬ĺܾҲûпеֻ޾Ըǿߵ磬ͨСһߣĻ´棡 
ʱ뵽ЩƼˣʧȥǽǿнһǴδ֮ûУǽĿɱ֮ 
յ˴ã̹Ҳʥŵһͬϵ 
̹һɫ˫и֮ԵβװϣȻսҲǼʶһʥ¶ԻƵķʽ 
ʥŵӶŸ˼ԼҸʲôıźã̹ŵѲԼôˣڵ֮ʱ˲յߵľʯ͹ҲӦǷͬСɲŶԣ 
⶯䣬⻯һ㵭ĹĤסȫֻóһźĳⳤҲǰʱõ״ 
͸һ˿뵽֮Уֻɫĵâֱ֮⣬Ҳӳ˺ɫ 
ڰϲĵԼóĵһصˣȻ͸ʼαװ׺󣬾ƾԼڵʵҲܵӦһ֮ˣ 
ⳤ촦ͻȻ棬棬ʮ֮˴Ӱ˺Ǵϵ 
ľװͨѶ֮˷ģ̹ŵҲͬʱ֪е֮£̹ŴǷֱӭȥ 
֪ʮǱߺһЩ˵ʵǰǱ൱ĻӦǳʱҲ˲ôˣ̹źʥŵӵ˵󣬷Żٶȳ˺ǵķȥ 
ȫɵ壬ǿзеٶȾܼԴʱſķٶ̹ŵͬУԼһȥյأ 
ͨѶߵӰͬʱ켱ٸ˻ϣ 
͸ͨѶĻǱʮ˺ȫߣǷʱķس̶ȣʵڴǰ֮£ǳӲˣ 
ʥŵӵķٶЩʵ˲٣ŸշɹһǿգѼǰʮСٷæʥŵһͣԴ 
ʮ֮˲ǰ治Զ֮ҲͣˣҲʵЩ⣬εǱ֮ʥ쵼ߣԼ跨õ󴬵Ľϣ 
ǵ۹֮˴ǰҲʥǵۣǿʥǵǿƼ򣬶ҴӲɿʱûսԼϵȫ޷Ӧûжսֻ󴬷سѣ 
ЩǱߵõǣʥΪƼ޴սѵ㣬ǳɹͻ˵ķ뵽ϵԼȡҪٴͻƷصԼȦ֮ڣ 
ǵ۹ɳߺ֮ǽӵڻ·ֳӲ˵ķȦʮΪֻܺ˵ĳ˽еˣԼһ룡ֻҪõ˿󴬽ϲȥǸͻ˽ӵķص֮ڣܵõľʯ 
ǴʱȴȻ֮ˣһʱҲЩ֮˵ΪʵΣԶͣ㣡 
ͻȻʮ˼ɿĴǰ˹֪ǰ̽ԷΪʵķȫʥиȴʥŵʥ鹦֮ǿȫÿԸһָĪĸо 
µڻ᲻һеĴɢӳȥӲƴԼЩ˿ܻƴҪֿɢԼ֮ʥŵӿҲ׷ϣ׷ȥҲֻаķݣ 
Ҫıʱ䣬ֻҪȵսӵ˴˴γ˺Χ֮ƣǱһս֮ҲԺ̶ܴϷֹǷɢȥ 
ڿռɢȥʥ鼯ŵΧʲôˣǱʲôʱò˵Щѻ 
Щ߸̽ʵ󣬱еЩ̽ĽȻ˶ֻ΢֮ͨˣ֮ͨڲװǿ֮أ 
һǣЩ˵ΪѾ߹̫࣬̽첻ʲôǵóۺеӣ뵽սӣȥĽܸңһʱеѣ 
ǼЩûֹԼǶԷͷִ֮ѯһһֻ״߻ǵ۹⽢µսʿǰǴŶ߼󴬵ģ˻Լмǵģ 
ԲЦ˳ƨȻ˵ϼ⣬Ҫ˵ϻұ˵ˣ 
˼ıӦ󴬣ǺðڸϵĿǿţ˿Ҳɲ׼ÿ˻ʯأǼ󴬣ΪβȴѶأŶˣһΪϵսǵźű˸ˣҲΪʱҪΪЩѰڣ 
ʮһʱûٻ˼Ӧ֮ߣȻἱ±˼أҲûߴ٣ 
ͻȻͨѶڴ˻Ϣϴ󣬸ղ˴Ѷ˵ͻǵķ뵽ϵڣ費Ҫ˽׷һػ˵ǻǿӦֻϣǼǿȻӰ쵽󴬵ٶȣ 
ŵãԺٺ㣡쵽ﻹҪ೤ʱ䣿 
ܿյĻѶҪһʮ룬ϴһҪסǣ 
ЩǱϲ˵ЩԼķô˵ˣһȵʥǻϸ̸ɣʥǵ߼ڶ࣬ʱҲԽһĵã 
Щ˵ԷԼǵȻûжģĻַˣʥϾȻڶߣҪڶʵͬһɲ⣬ǻжƨ¿ô죿ƴƴˣӻȥĻҲ٣ܳɹӻȥҲǸҵճ 
ЩֿʼһùߴͶ*ôƴƴΪ˾ʯͷ˵һƷʯǾôΧõ꣬Ͷ*˹ȥԺûʯ𣿡 
û״ߴ㿴г޿ֵӣûǷ֪ǴеĿģ˺ǣĻͶ*˵ˣ۹ʵֲǲ֪Ҫõǽ󴬵ķ˵һˣٶʮҲס 
ģʱΪյĴѶϴˣ 
һƬСɿĴԶգ۹Դ˴ռγ˺Χ֮ƣ 
ʱѵæʥŵӣٶȵȥǵעһҪҪֻֿע⵽ҪǼײսӵķ֣֮½ɣ 
ʮ߼ͻȻټСսǸΧȻЩܳսķٱҲ׶ԷͼҲ֪ԷʵͿǴĿģ֮ǰֻһֱϷˣǶѣ 
ùӵһֱͶ*Է֮ߣʱԷѾ˽֮ƣæץǷǰȵȣͶϣܼ 
ҪȥǵţͻȻðĻɵһ㶣ȻͶҲ̫ϲ˰ɣ 
һת˲滨Ͷȷɺúһ£ֻǼͶ֪ʵСȴǽƴʱ͵Ϯǿɳܲʵðã 
մҪͶ*Ҳÿ⣬˭ܻɱشǵĵˣұ 
Ļڷѣ΢һ˼ԼΪʵͶĳɻʱȽϸߣ˵Щ֮ͬ˸Լֲ̫죡ʼԵͬ飬ѡĿ꣬Ҳϣܷ־ͬϵˣ 
ЩлôͶģĻҲһǰһʼ׼ѡĿ꣡ 
ЩӵߴʱɾǳԼЩͬЭһ˿ϣߣʱȻ˸ﷴĻʲô· 
Ǹùӵ߹ȻǸݽɫȷѵĶǸû״һȥĸҲץסͶ֮ˣҲԼѡĿɱ˹ȥ 
ЩûֲͶ֮˿ɾͷˣЩͬԸ⼸ͽһȺֵ˲ɱø죬ʱæȻҲֻа׵ķݣľһ׼Щ֮ˣȳͻΧȥ˵ 
ͨѶڴϢϴôԼȴˣòʹ˳ߴ󷨰ɣǰЩ֮ĶԻͳһСƬΧ֮ڣ˵ķ̫ԶûյԲдһʣ 
ɿĻѶﷴסȳֹˣȻȲҪǣ˺ͿŰˣٺ١湻ݵģ 
ǱʮƴһʱȴĹǵƴʣԹ֮кͻΧͼæ̹ŵʥŵӣǷֳӣס巽Щ˶ǺǾ£ӦòǣҲҪȥǣֻҪܻķΧСˣ 
̹ŵ˽ӵֳ˳ȥ 
⵶͸˳ȥЩܿ컯ɹܷɢȥǽõķЩĿȴΪ˷ֹ֮䣡û⵶ҲΪ̶ֳȵȷ˶ãȴͬЩ⵶ԸǰһһЩС鷳



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   ӳ󣬱⵶ͻΧ߼ȥ ׼Ƕ̷֮ͻΧȴͻԿ쵽˼ٶȳǷе⵶͸һѪɫĵâ֮Ϯ 
Щԭ϶ųԽ̫ΪʱٶȺǹ֮û˸ӲӣٶӿҲֻ֮ܺƴƴĽһ 
˭֪⿴ƷͬСɵĺɫâǵķʱȴȫͬĳ̶˶ѣǶͬʱһ뷨ǶԷУӦòĹ֪ʵ߲һ֪θ룡 
Щ˽˴׼ܶԷͬСɵһĶִ֮⣡ 
⵶ҪӴ߷һɲǣȴͻȻȥڵĹƣһƵһȥڼԱ߲Զ̬֮еĿǣ 
ȥɣȴǷǳ𾪣Լ͸⵶߲һȻܸԷķ˿⼸˵ʵȻǿǶ͸ԼǳȻҲһԼֻ⻤׵ıˣ 
˼ͻȻ˹ƵһԣЩ⣬Ҳһ𣬲ȴԾɲиķҲûȥ䱸ĿԷͻȻٴηѣ 
սӣͬʱͨһ򣬳д򶷴ȥι򹥻ٶȹŵĺ 
д򶷵ʮ֮˺ַߣʱ״ҲûôЩڹǰ㿪ȥӲܼҲԼκ˺ģ 
ͻȻƵٴ⵶ƴȫһ˸նȥ 
˴󾪣æ󲿷ֵĻ˵ǰԵǿ󹥻 
ڴʱЩ̷ٵĺϾһγһ״Ǽ֮ȥ 
ͻȻıǼ˵ȻҲǴЩСսȻһ𣡲ȴɲҳȥǰУˣҪǱǰ⿴ǳѪУǶҶˣ 
ϲЧԤĻã⵶һֹЧǿʹüȹ죬óʹԼ֮˶ǳȻԷζƴȫסԼĹˣ 
ڵâжԷķ֮ǰּٿЩżȥöԷԼǳЩâȴ̷˶Էۺ֮ƺٵĹһˣ 
Ǽ˼ǰǰȴͻȻ˿ȥû³ѪҪ֪ǵɲʥòٿأڵâ֮ʱǱ㼯Ӳ˭֪Ȼת˸ɵһȥƴһʱʧȥƽ⣬Լ˲Ĵˣ 
ܴ󱾾ͱķֲЩ΢Ĳʧ֮ʱǻ㼯̶ԱļҲ׼ᣬ 
⼸˵ķʱһƣǼҲӲðѪɿķ˿ǿɲԵһ֮ӲǼĹ 
⼸һֱΪϷˣǣʱһʵܲĥ˱״̬һȥǺ֮Ƶļ㲻һеľһѹĴ󵶳ȥĹһ㣬ҪһֱˣȥôˣҲΣ 
ҲУ㲻һеƴ˵ڴʱַˡ 
ǵǷ֮ƵļδһԶǿշȥҲûѻɢǹıı״ԸٶתųǸ׷ȥ 
һ߼ĳԼ˶Ҳֶϻ֮ƣ֪Է׼ƴˣԼôɵȥЩһӲأ 
ô󵶵߿Ҫ֮ʱԼٶȿƣɿĳһԶ˿ȥ֪ʱöԷԼֽϻЩ˺ܻܿԼ̹ŵˣЩ׼Ͷ֮ҲпܻˮֻҪΪԼϷˣǣһǱƴʮҲܾ˻ҵʱǿԼҲ죬ԼߵʧҲԼͣ 
õȫûȥ׷ϮĹҪӲƴһǣĹɵ㣡˭֪ԼһδԷ˿ȥѡĻᣬһѪŭ֮˳ȥ˻Ŀ 
ʱ׷ߵתٿţҲǺݵ˼㣬Ŀȫ޷ӲǽǹֻͣǷֳһСɳȥͷһڤĿ 
ʱʮƴҲһЩǸùļһȻʵǿֻһЩ˵Ĵ۹ҵû״ߣĶԺʵ̫˫ֻܴǻ֧Ŷѣ 
Ǹùӵ߸ɵһ˺ϲĳ֮ȥ 
׼ǵδĶٵȥһߣȴǸԼߵļһﳯȥΪæɿĽǵƵԣԷ⣡ͬʱ̶ԱٻϾ 
ʥһصڣΪȫʥ鹦֮ˣҲȫͬ˺ϻ㼯һ󣬱һвٿأҲս֮ 
ù߷ɵԼԣҲЩͻϮԼδ˿ڱȴãȻǼͶϣڿʼʥ鼯ŵһԱһЩʥĵ˰ɣ 
һ㶣û뵽ԼսһˣԷȥƴȻѾԼԼҲͳеһԱƴɣȻҪǸҵ˷ڵĽڣǿɾ͵òʧˣĵ˵ͷӳǼƴ˵ɱ˹ȥ 
ҲЩеļһȫʢ֮ʱʵҲʱˣȻвȰӲͷ˿аɣ 
ȻҲС˼Ѿܲˣǳüûȫƴ֮ǰΪãȻͻӦҪ鷳Щˣ 
ʣߣͽ˵ĵɿķɢȥǴʱûͻΧ֮ģǰһϣһսʿһƴ֮нԼñ˸Ѫ 
״󾪣Ϊǿ̹ŵ˵ʵǰæٿԾɷڿеļǼǺɫĵâֱϮһߣͬʱ˴ĳ˷ɿ׷ȥ֪ʣµӦ֪ôӦģ 
Ȼ״Ҳæٿǰǵ׶״Ϯˣ̶Ա㼯Ҳֳ׷ȥ ǵȷǰǵ˲٣ܷлδ֪ 
Ҳʥһȱȱ㣬һߣ򾭹˷ǳ֮õҲ˷ǳǿĳ̶ȣǵֵһ㶼ܸߣʹûԼ˺ܷ⣬һ㶼ܽڹʧȥһ̶ϿԴԼٴβʵڳʱƴҲ㣡 
ʥ鹦ߵǴ缱ٻãǿ̶ȻܵͣЩתڴ洢ţÿοԽڵĴ󲿷Уǿֵ͵£ԿɷǿĹȥһһ㣬ʧȥֻ*ľٲ䣬ջѷսܳ־õЩֻǳϰʥ鹦֮˵ʱϰڵֵﵽ˷ǳߵĳ̶ȣˣ 
׷һþ޽ߣͻȻͨѶִĹ㲥棺棡棡֮˴Ǵϵ 
ڴǾһδƽһʥ鼯ŵνȫеʱߣ֪֣ǿ֮ܲܽסһʱ 
ٿŵѻַ֮ʽԷ޷ܣ˾ȻӲһǣһѪɳʮʥŵӳȥ 
δ嵽ʥŵӽǰԶƴȫһǰնȥ 
ʱҲ׷˲Զ֮ѿʼֹʥŵӣҲӿǵһ˳ȥ˾Ȼûӵֱֿӱ͸ñ鿪ȥ 
ղŶʥŵȫһǣҲʥŵӳЩͷȻʥŵʮֲֹһػ˫ĲȷǹټǵһƴһмΪϵ͵ʥŵܴѪ 
ʱѶϢͬʱ͵ͨѶڣ 
壺ϴǱǿ֮ˣǷеԷͬСɣ֣ǿ˿زסȴơĺǧʥŹȥ֧ԮϴһҪ 
죺ϴô죿 
ûлӦѶϢֻǿĶѶ죬ȽˣȻ̶Աȹȥ֧Ԯǣ 
ʱʥŵӵߣƴ̶ԱϾ۵Լɣѵ˱ıԵ 
ߣڿ˼ôԣǰ治Զʥŵѳ˹ֺϻͬʱ߶һǿ 
ȥ˺ͣĴµ̶Աطɸ϶ȥ 
ʱ׼Ͷ֮ùӵЭ£ѾֻʣҲȫͣΪҲֱ֮ˣʮʥŵӾȻֵһ˵ĹܴѪʥŵӣڱ֮ʱҪֽ͵ϮټٿŹǰһߵȻ˸ӲЩ״ҲȫԭԷȺ֮ˣΪȫ͵ףԼûڶȫܹͻΧȥЩȫҲ޿ܣʱǸڰ 
ʱҲ֪ȫ˿ˣæѶʥŵӣһ𳯳о˿ٵĺΧȥЩбѾ壬ֹ֮½̶ԱȥҲˣ 
Ǽ֮ˣʱ˱С֮Ϸˣ֮ãһʱʧȥǣһеĳźΧ˳ɱȥֻùӵ߻վԭû֪ʲô⣡ 
ʱҲûЩ쵽Ե߷ʥŵӦǣĿмվûߣΪʱֻ˻ǿս嵽ʥŵӵУҲһЩҪˣװӦһƴʵȵʥŵӽһ󣬱Լٵˣ 
ͻȻùӵ߶ˣҲɿĳһΧʥŵӷ˹ȥ֮෴ķ״󾪣æӿٶȳȥһǱߵʥŵ̫˺ 
Ҫ׷֮ʱһ㶣ԭùӵ߲ûȥʥŵӣǻŹ½һʥŵӵ߸ֵͷһ߳ɱȥ˴ʱֳʵȻǰˣǰȻ󲿷ʵһʱҲδܿ 
Ǿȣ˾ȻʵԺ̽ʵ֮ʱһҪ͸뵽ȥǧٱ˵ıԻˣ֮ǿҲ֪ʱĿķΣԲĵķԷͻȻʥŵӷѣ



 

   ܿ죬бֻʣùӵһߣʥ˽Χм䣬Լ˵ԣкλ˵ ˷ɿĽڣ˫ִλᣬͶ*ǣϣܹݣ 
Դǲ㣬ʵ˵̫ǿҲǵʵˮƽðȻ㣬ԼԷһΣյըʱΪǴصʧҲװɣ 
ĻҲЩҲ֪ô˵ԷȻ뵽һҧԸԪ֮ԶЧǵ쵼ˣ 
ʥŵһ˵ݣԪ֮ĿݣҲʵڵԣ֮˽֮ԪӡǣڽԼٿȨ˱ϣ 
ΪԷͶֻһʱı֮ƣɴʱ˲˼ķԼ뷨ҲҡˣԷµҪǾһƾĳֹ֮սзʥ鼯ŵĵرطͶ*ԱﵽĳЩδĿģ 
ʱ뵽Ľ˴ˣǿʵ֮ϰʥ鹦Ļһڼ̵ʱڸӷɿΪʱҲȷһ 
ͨѶѯ̹ŵҾÿԽܴˣΪΣ 
̹˻Ѷҹ۴˲ǽթ֮Ͷ*ǿѾͶ·òΪ֮ʱÿ׳ǵʵ 
֪̹ȻҲ˵ῴ㴫ߵʲô֣ 
æǼӣϣܴѶҵĳ֪ǵ쵼ˣ 
ʱҽԼʥϴ¸Ҵʥ鼯Żӭļ룬Ժ͸߰ɣԺ֪ʥ鼯Ƕôǵѡûʱ飬һ֮ǱǵΧȥ֮ٴػأ 
˴ϲǣԺǼӽɴ˲ǲ֪γƺ 
δ̹ҲԺʥˣ 
̹Ŵ𣬱ͨѶлڴ˴̶ԱԼʥŵȫٻظϣ֧Ԯˣ 
ѶϢִǼӵκԺ˵һͬиȥ֧Ԯ֮ 
ʥǵһߣﻹкԶ룬˵ȳʥǵķ˳ȥ 
Ǽ䲻ʲôݣʥ鼯ŵĴ˶ʲôֵȼæӦǡ󣬽׷ȥ 
ʱҲٶȣԲǼԼ̫ԶշһСΣͨѶִ˻ļѶϴ󣬿죬̫ǿˣ֣ǿˣѾʮʥ˺ʥŵսʿҲ˲ɣսϾ͵Ҳѽȫɱǿֲסˣ 
ӵѶ󼱣Ǽӵ㲻ûػٶǰϣ 
ǼӶȻ˵ǳ죬Ҳļ⣬æƴǰ䣬ٶȱǰȷǿ˲٣ 
Ǽӷɿдڼٻֽӵ˻ĴѶʥźʥŵԽԽЩδװսҲ 
ǼֱӺŸϵ˴ֻ֮֮ȫͷϳһֻͺڵĶǣϲʱһɫԷɿٶȹȥЩȥ󻹻ᱬը 
ʥźʥ֮ˣÿЩҪϳɰǧ˵ܳнӵסҲʱܴδܽסȺбըһƬ 
֮ۼʥٿŲ֮ͣˣЩȻʹܵˣȴܽ 
ƾĳǿ֮䣬ǵĹиţһԶæ 
ʱһ֮ˣװ˷սӺϻܵ˽صĴˣ˵սǺ㣡 
˲أһеĳе˷˹ȥ 
ͬǼӸЩеĴһ㣬˫չ˵Ϯȥƴ֮ʱϲѡս֣֮ 
ӵһͣײȴȻʱöǷˣͬʱͨѶѶ壺ȶţʥŵӺսʿ͵Ƚ֮˴ȥȣ 
ƶĵâЩɵҲһĿǰǿĶ֣˹ˣǻһĵâҲĳӭȥ 
ԼĵâȫԷҲĴɿĴѶȲҪǸ˵ˣһСսʿǣסһˣսʿһȽһ 
ĻѶҲѶ֮ʱЩѾˣһԱѾͻػؼȲȥˣڻظϵ;У 
յĻѶ԰־ٵӭȥô󲿷սʿƴٴηǰļ㵽һֱϮӭˡ 
֪Էս֮һʱҴ⣬˲ÿܲĺͣ⵶ӳѪɫĵâÿιĵطǶԷͷĶ֮ԷҲڵһʱôṦջѷĵâ 
ջصһѻĵâ֮ʱַһϲĪ֮£ǱЩ⵶ջغȻԱ״ֻ̬ջһâ㽫ǰȫҲֻܲ䵽ǰֵˮƽΪʥ鹦Ƶ֮˾õҲԲܽջˣ 
ǳΪ֪Ժ󻹻Լپϲ 
ûȺĺ֮Ǻƴʮâ಻ϵĳ˻ÿâջһʱȫʢ״ֿ̬Բϵ̶ȵĹ 
ٿŵ׶裬һʱҲ޷ӽɿâĶ⵶һѪɫĹ 
˵ķڳǵǿײ£ֱֹļ𣬺ܿ㱻صƿ˽ȥ 
䡭׶˵ǰը˿𲨴ܱľ죬ɿĳɢ˿ȥ 
Ϊ̶ֳȵܱ£Ӧòܻǿֹͣ˹׼˷Ըһˣ 
˭֪֮˴ʱȫײƲ ͷĶҲȥ˰أ֮ϸϵðҺɫҺ壬ȴԾ֮Уδȥ 
̾Ȼǿᵽ˵زʱӦս֮ԷһǷɿֳӴʮֱͷ׷ֳֿһ˳ɱȥ 
ǼҲԭ˵ˣɱһҲæӳȥ 
Ǽ֣ټ˵£ûʲôǿ󷴿ı㱻ʬ 
ֱ˴ʱսʿʥŵӲŸϵ˴˴˽˾󣬲һ𷵻ػأ 
ڻػص·ϣͨѶǼѽϸˡ 
һҲǼӵѽһʱ̰򵥣عͬҲδ֪Լѽܾɱ֮ͬսѿǼӴʵΪһǸݽɫѽĿһʱҲԲ²⣡ 
̹ͬŽһصغȲǼӽаãҲйѯʣ̹Ŵ弶ʥ鹦 
һʥ鴫йΪĳޱ䣬Ҳʥ鹦֮ʱôصʥϢ̸֮֮Ҳ࣡ 
¼ʥ鼯ŵ֮Ƚгεʥ鹦컯ٽоİá̹ŵ˾µģռʥ鴫еһҪ 
ʥ鴫еĲһֵĳصʥ˼ʥ 
ʥʵΪһȹпµĴڣĳֽǶȽ֮Ϊ䲡Ҳ֣ 
Ϊڿһߵͬʱһ̶Ҳū˸ߵ꣬Һʥ鴫ва˼Ȼⲻ˼ʥ󷨽Ϊ޾Σ 
ǼһֱĬĬĸԣô̵ʱڣʥʥ鼯ڴʲôݺʹڣʵ޴Ӳ²⣡ 
ǰĶԻսУҲԿصʥ鼯ӦŲ͵ĵλǹŹֵ˼ʵʥսʿҲ̫߳࣬ɲҲΪ 
ǼӿߣҪΪ˶Լͼල 
Ǽȫܹ⣬Ϊһ̰ѽߣԣڻöԷ֮ǰ˷ͼලһ֮£ 
ǼӽԼѽһľ֣ʱѽԼѺ˽ȥѺԼҲֻܿ˵һʲôѣһʮİӮñȾֺڹؼ֮ʱѺԼע 
ľѾʼһעѾѺȥȫûջصĿܣǼӽҪıǾܶȥ˽ʥ鼯ŵ಻˼֮ 
ҪϵͻȻð˽⣬ҪıҪԼȫ뵽ȥ̶ȡǵΣ 
αжȡǳԵĵǼӵȻҲףԺôȴҲǴʱܹԤģֻһһˣ 
̹ŵ󣬽еʥսʿ˻أӴǰһսδװսʥźʥսʿĿǰʵֵκߣ֮սֻͽѣ 
ʥϵҲԤΧһ㣬ż򵥶ЧĿռϱϵͳκ˻սΧڶʧȥռԾ 
ڽ뵽ϵֻ*ǿշ֮ӽʥ򣬶ǵĶҲӹԤϵͳļʱأ 
ʥսʿʥǣǵļʥأȡ˴ǰһսĽѵʥԽǿսϲ֮ȱװսսʿԭʢŵҲԼһʱԸ֮ˣ 
ҲֻӦһΪ֮ˣдʥ鼯ĿǰʵҲֻܾͶˣ 
صغ󣬻սֱ֣ 
ƽ̷֮ʱȫûϼôսڵĸʩͲϵͳֱӲٿأҲǼʻֱӲٿڵʥʵ֣ȻҲװƷʯľʯȴֻΪʻߵıԴԼռԾ׹ܵ˲֮ã 
ͷĸܣԼǴ쳣ƣԿһΪʥսʿƵĵҲƵϻƼŵĵ֮ 
սʿΪʵ̫ֻǿԷӦãδչֳ쳣ǿֶعĹЧ 
ڻҪıǵΪĽˣ̵ʱΪЩе̷ʱƷʯܵС͹ڣ 
ȻС͵ķ֮ϼ ڼʽս̫ãڵֱԹʽ̷ԭɿصĹʽڣʱڷ֮ϼڣȴں̶ֲܴսʿȱݣڶԸٵ֮ʱҲ𵽷ǳǿɱЧ 
̹ŽǼ쵽˻ڵľ֮ڣ˼㽫Ǽӽ̹ţʱһҽƲֶȥ



 

   ʥڣΪļǿ֮һǼǿʮ֮ˣҲ޷ھϵͳȫ湥ʱ䣬ҲǼӴ˴Է뿪ԭ ǼԵĸ̹Žһ䲻̫Ľ֮ڣһ϶˴ӦΪרŹѺǿߵĺϽΣȻԴй׼ⲻ˵ʧ䡣 
Ǽ̾˿ͳĿڵ׼ҹѺãսֱҵ 
ĿǰΪ̶ȿܻڴ˴Сʱ̹תͷĵ 
Ǽһ㣬Ŀֱ̹沿ϵõһЩϢֻ̹һ黨ʯ죬ֻһЩĪĻƣ⣡ 
Ǽڷɿķ̹ŷԵ֮⣬һ˵ҪԡꡱλСʱǹѺѵôڵһЩװýɱˣҵΪԳ߸СʱҲ̫ܣҪɱԼֺα˴أ 
̹ſڵǣҲû̫ʱ룬漴ڵѴӦʥ鼯ţΪ㣬ʥ鼯ڵгԱһض书㵱ȻҲ⣬ɴ˹ĵһʽĳΪʥ鼯ŵһԱҸղ˵СʱֻǹƵɵһʱ䣬ҲȥҲ룡 
Ǽ̹ŵĽͺɻһǵĹȻ棬ȴҲ⣬һСʱѧᲢһĹѧкأȻ棬ʱ˾Ҳҿѯ 
̹ûٶͣ弶ʥ鹦Լħ֮ڸҪ 
Ǽ̹Ŵʥ鹦ھ֮ʱЩܵ⹦Ͳ˼֮ʱȲϥܿ˳ʥ鹦ʱе붨״̬붨ǰԼ̹ŸĪĻ߸СʱһԼΪһ֮ˣ 
̹żǼ붨󣬱㲻ָͣȥڵʱ䣬ʥ˵൱Ľȣ̹ڵʥŵڣʯΪٽһС͵ľ֮ʹγһʯ߶ܼռ䣬ΪǷϹ׼ 
վҽƲֵһȻ֮ڣĬȻĿҽƻΪһڵִܣǰֻһݶѣ̽Ȼ󣬲еĸܵǼ֮˸ʥ鼯˶ôصԺΪս֮У 
쿴ǰ治Զһۣ˵ϴ㿴֣ǿԺ᲻º֢ʲôİͻʱֻʣ˰ء 
ٲĳ̨ȥһ߿ڵĵᷢǵҽϵͳǻԣȽĹƼΪƶɡûĻ˵һ˵֫;˲еֻҪδʧĻԽм;飬Ȼпܻʧȥԭеֵܴȴ˻ʯٻָǰˮƽȻٻָǶʥ鹦߶ԣҪָɾûôˣ 
ʱھԣͷžڵΣ͸ϵӣĿ˯֣ǿ˫ȴֻʣ˽׵Ĺһ˿⣬ҲǸոɣ 
΢ͻеϸСܣ֯һ֣ǿϵļ֯һ±֯֯ٶȿν쳣Ѹ٣ȴǻҪ˫ȵļ飬ٻСʱң 
ִٺ٣ϴмһ£ 
ͷҲصĵЦô飬Ҳʲô£Ҳ˵ûʲôģ˵Ŀ˯е֣ǿһۣתȥ 
û뵽˵ĻҲûתһ룬ҲҲʲôýʱ뿪ʵϴȥﰡ 
ȥ֣̹ޣȥǱߣɺ̽Ǽս״̬߱ߵ 
ĻǺ֮⣬æӦõģھȥһ壡˵ɿĳȳŶȥ 
ЩĪһʲôʱѧὲЧˣ 
֮ʱ̹ѴڵӾһ֮ڣ 
ʥŵרõ֮ڵѲһʯ̹֮ŵһʥŵϥڣ 
ĵ̹վӭȥϲɫĵȻУ罫Ƕһ޴ʯ֮УÿλʵʰľܽӴ˻ʥ鹦书쵽˼֮Ҳ 
һƾܵ˾ʯһЩ֮ʱ̹֮ԣȴδЦų̹ŵͷʾ󣬻ȥ 
߽ڣ˴ǰһ㣬Ũ̶ȲǿȴܾЩεĵһʮʯһ֮ʥ֮Դÿһطʯ罫Ƕʯ֮һ㣡 
ٴθпʥ鹦˽ǳܱȣһޱȵľ֮ȻڴսػصǶ̶Ʋݳ 
Ҳֻϰʥ鹦֮ʹã֮˾õʯĲ֮ҲĹЧ 
ڵռ䶼ŵľʯЩǴΧʮʯڴھۼɣ 
Щ䲻̫Ũ񣬵ȴһĳһΧʯһγһ۶ɢռ䣡 
һþʯķ֣һǽʯڣĳ˴һΪտʼʹþʯʹã 
һַǲýʯ֮ڣȻڶԴﵽĿģַǰһַ࣬ʹô˷ȴҪԼڵԾʯнǿӦ֮ͨʹõһַʯһʱ󣬲Ųõڶַ 
þʯ֮һ֮֮Ҳ̫ԣʥ鹦֮ʥڴȴͬǶʯ֮һ㣬ľԴÿһطٵٶǰֽʯ֮ȣǿ˲֪ٱ 
⾧ʯ֮Ƽ򵥣ȴǻ廨˺ܳʱоʥ鹦Ժ͸ܾ֮ʯַǳ˽⣬Ź˼󲢽˸ݣڻػص·˵֮˻Ϊʱ 
ֱʱԴǱڵĸΣԺ͸Ӱ컹δյľȷ㣬ԣڴ֮Щ֮ 
ʥ鼯ٵ״ʵû̫ʱȴ彫кĽȫƣڴսػص·ϣԼ̹ź󣬾ص̹ŴȲһ󣬲ڸڽʥ鹦ʵЧ 
ڿͬʱ޳־ʯܱǱΣףǱǰԾ֮Э֮ǰãʥڽһ޴ľʯ󣬵ʱʥ鼯ŵгԱڻڽ֮ʥ鹦 
ʱҲЩβסһ¸֮ 
⶯䣬ʥѽʮԲʯľۼһεһÿһ龧ʯԼһ 
ڽԼҲ컯һ㵭ĤԼ棡 
ЩƸӵٿأ˵鷳ʥԣЩתɣ 
ûͣľ 
ʮʯڵľһ˳ɵĳɿĳȥ 
Щȵĳ컯޲Ĺעڣ 
׼˳̶ȵע룬ⲻ˴һʵ̫ң뵱ڻĵտǺεƣ 
ϽֹͣľУϸϸĬڵǰȳ⣬ 
ٴȷϸղŵȷΪڴʥ鹦Ч̲סһϲ 
˴֮ʥ鼯ŵʵܸӿٵʱӦǰҲ׵ö࣡ 
ֿ쵽̬ٶҲһ˿ĪĲͿ־壬Դʥ鹦֮ˣ֮ͨ˰㣬һ꣬ʱ䣬ʱʥ˽һʲôĴڣʥ鹦һ书 
ʱʥΪļԼԪ󾱴źһ޵ϵȴֲ̫ԣ 
Լֲܵ»ʥ֮£ڿʵԼ󾱴źĪϵ 
ǴӺζأѵ縸ĸ˵Լһ֮ʱ˵ģ 
Լ˵ʵޱȾ޴أУǱζԼδٵ֮ǰѾˣ 
ѵԼϵĿıΪʥ鴫УѵһֱԼ˶һֻεľţѵ 
кβ֮𣿡֪ʱߵԵ̹ż죬̲סѯ 
ŵ̹ųæסԼ˼ת̹ŵϿɲڴʥ鹦к֮ 
̹Ų̫ʱΪдһʣȴЩ˷ܵĴʵǱǰͨʯ֮࣬񣬴޺Դʥ鹦ΪٶȽ쵽ʲô̶ȣ治֪ǻܷ֮ˣ 
ǿѹסֱ̹Ź£ڵû̫ʱˣھͿʼɣ 
̹ŵͷֽŵһʥŵڣƳϴΪǻڱҪʱʱͻӦֵУ 
̹źܿ㰲źе飬ڵʥŵһͬϥ£ʼʹʥ鹦 
Ҳߵ֮סڵʥŵӣʼԵڵ 
ڴڲֹվʯޱȿݣǴ˾Ĵ£ʥŵҲñ࣡ 
ĽٶȣʥŵӸպܴʯԴﵽĳ̶ȣ 
ʱ֮²̫ģ̷ɻԲٿŻ˼ӽ죬´С֮ӦÿǿӦ֮·Ҳڵһʱ֪ͨ 
տʼõͿݣʱƣʼЩ 
ʥŵԭеԽԽ٣ʥԽԼЩʥĲ컯ǴӾʯվٶҲԽԽ죬ʹȻһټӿٶȣһʮתҲЩ̣ 
ЩżȻϵЩʥŵܣĲϾٶҲ᲻ϱ죬ԼԭĴʥɵ壬ǵԼֵӦˮ֮£˭֪Լڵֵ̬ٶȵǼޣ 
Щżڵֻȷ˴εޣ·ٴֱֹͣһʥŵչȳɾһС޳ɹ 
ȻھǶȫֹͣ˴εޣ·ͷҲҪһʱѣ򲻵ѵ£Ըڴʱ 
һʱЩ䳬֮ͨ˵ʵһ΢˲䣬ڵʥ鼯˵ȴǲͬ 
ڵϽд߱ȶؼˣٵʥǻأ˶飬ʱȴֻʮСʱѣ˿ɼһʱڵʥ鼯˵Ƕôı



ڰ ֣ǿԭ

   ʥŵװ˷սӣʥ鼯ĵڼȻҵ˷ٵʵǱ̵ʱޣʱҲǿմǿսǰõӦͻȻ鷳 һ˼󣬿ʼǴʥɢһֵȥԼڴ洢Ҳֻʥ鷨͵úͲٿԣ޷ 
Щϲķִ˷ȻУֵ䣬ͻȻʧȥ£ԼһմʹԼӿٵʥŵӵ 
ɢٶȴﵽһºʼԼɢڿռеʥЩɢȥ󣬲ֱڵľʯڣǾۼԼΧɢȥɢ࣬һСƬʥҲԽԽŨ 
ԲЩʯ໥ǣ൱Լɢȥʥۼ󣬻ƾʯضǣʯܱǱΣգ 
ȻΣգȴѽ⶯ֳƵʥŵ֮վʯͬʱҲܵʥ룡ⱾһʱӦ֮ȴû뵽ЩԴʥΪʥŵӴ벻ĺô 
ֹСʱվĿ˿δչʥŵӣ߳⣡ 
վȴ̹ŵһС֮δչȴ֣ǿǼӴ˽ 
Ǽӽ󣬱㲻˵Ŀ첽ߵǰֱڵشμʥҲǸչãӦѴ崦֪ʥ鼯ڵݺ͵λ 
ǼӸŻ˲̫⣬Ϊչʱϼڵﶼڻļ֮УԼɶЩʥŵ޺󣬱˴Ҳ֮£ 
֣ǿô㸴ԭȴЩϲɿ֣ǿһ̽󣬲ŷǰǼӣ΢ЦɣѾʥ鼯ŵһԱˣʥ鼯ʹù֮ԺҪסˣ 
ǼæӦǺԣ 
Ǽ˲̽ͷʥ鹦ʵ˲٣⻹ԶԶԺһȥǰʥ鹦ʱԳΪһʥˣҲ鵽ʵĸо 
Ǽ֮ԣһεľ֣ղŵʥ鹦Ѿĸܵʥ鹦֮Լûʯ֮£СʱڽΪ߽㣡ԽԽ֮ƣʯڲúԼúεȵǿ 
Ż֮⣬ٵΪֻһ΢飬Ŀ䷨ˣǵǲ˼֮ 
һҲǼʮ֣ԴǼĹ˶һַǳ׽֮УͺԼЩʥеһԱԼͬһ㣬ղżһĿȺ;η֮ģǼӷǳףΪ֪ʥ鼯ŵݲŻָоǴĵȻǰĹһ㣬˼֮ 
ǼԼһδѯ˳˼Ҳڶ˵ʲôȥ 
֣ǿǰվͣĴոոԱ壡 
Ҫ˼˼һ᲻˼ģ۹ ֣ǿ֮ôʱڼָڵ֣ʱ̲סЦ 
ҲǺЦǸ˾Ӧòκβ֮˰ɣ 
˻˵˵˭֪֣ǿȴĽӿڵȻУϴ˫ϵƤŮ˵⻬Ժôˡ 
ЦŴķԷҪٺˣ˵˵⼸Сʱ 
˵ͷڵϵĽԽԽ࣬˫ȴǰ㼤ңлǣ֮ƣ⼸СʱҲûκƶǱҲû˺Ϣ 
Щüͷ΢ĵԽԽࣿûндģսļ󣿡 
һ˼ϸоͷ˫սķֲǣڵĲֺʵûндģսĿԣ㿪սҲһ˫޷ƵĴս⿴ȥ˫Ⲽ֣սЧȻڵʽǶԺǻʱ䣡ǽӵĶȴ಻֮Ǽ˶սڴ˵οǵ۹ʥǻ˵쾧ʯ󴬵ļӦúӣҲΪشţϼӦ˼ĳֶǲЭ飡ʽ£ǽӺƺż˹ͬʩѹһ㣡ֻЩֻһĿģ 
˻ķҲڵʥ鼯һıһ㣬һĬڶɸԵǼʵͬ˴Ǳʥǵʲô 
ǼӸղĶԻҲһЩڵţʱŵѯҲֻǵʻޱ˼æ˴ִ֮ͬˣȫɸг໥ǰȫʶǴ˴εǽɫ򣬻Ʒʯɼ󴬵ϣ쵼Ϳʦ 
˵ͷ֪֪һж˱ɳִӵƷʯ󴬵ʲôʱ֪ģ 
Ǽ΢һɺεǳͻȻǾŸ߲ʱģҲ֪һжִֻ֪һӹʮȫ֮ˣɹͻ˷ǱҲǼ˶ѣƷʯ֮ȴǵ۹߲ţҲִ֮ʱŵ֪ϢǼӵһ˿̫Ȼ֮ɫ 
ǼӵɫȻֻһ˵ĸоǺεȵһ϶һЩص֮²δ˵ܵʥ鹦Ӱ죬Ի¶һ˿ɫ 
΢ЦſڵǼӣ֪ʲôʱʼӵƷʯʲôʱʼ辧ʯ֮𣿡 
ǼӴʱЩͻȻŵû忪ڽ⳶˿ȥϸĴСʵǲ֪ 
˵ͷֽŵǰɹĲɼصһƷʯҲǴʱſʼԾʯ֮ʥ鹦ڴ֮ǰʥ鼯ŵľԱһͨ˿ʼʥ鹦Ҳʱ䣡 
Ǽ¶Ծ̬֮ûѯּ벻ͨΪʥ鼯˸߼书ּ߼ĿƼȴûԼСС߱Ǹǳص 
˵ЩǼӴʱڵɻ֪֮ϵһͻȻֵӵŲɼƷʯȴ֮׵ս֮ʱй²ͷóĽҲƶһ㣬ΪǴԶżҵһЩƬ촬϶ѣ 
Դ̷ս֮ʱַȻ̫ߣܶ෽ȴų֪̫֮ղʥ鹦һ·һܻĳأҪ߾ȫĿƼˮƽ޽ɹ֣ǿҽƲֿڽܾεʥԱ֮ʱΪЩ˼ҽƼ𺶣ͬʱҲԻǿĿƼʵȴûһԱԼһսûУѽ֮£ 
˵ĻǼӵʵ̫󣬺߼˵ﲢδ˵ȥ̲סѯܷ֪СǺιأ 
ʥ鹦˽оܱȣʱѽʥ鹦Ǽӿʥ鼯ŵһԱҲ֪һЩʥ鼯ŵ֮£漴ڵǵ۹ڽ֮ǰ˵ϣڵʥǿѾˣ 
ǼӶԻĪ˵ʽЩӦˣһʱ˵Ҳž޴˳ŻĻʵǺιʣ 
ŵʥ鼯ŵгԱڽղŴһϴˣʥԼΧڵʩ󴬺Ͳɼʯǰ˵һС˺ʷչɣ趨˵ҪֻǽһغͲɼһʯѣǵ˵֮ǰʥ򣬲ϵͳ޷ֵ֮ʱԱصԻװãһЩȽƼ֣֮ 
˵̾˿ŵǵڵǳûоʯûǿͨѶǵʱʮҪһԲܴŵأԼһЩʯԵʱĻ˱͹֮ǰһʱεĹãΪЩ˲ɵʯ֮ǰǶ޷֮ϵǶԻõʥǸʥһЩĵطǿĽϵͳ⣬طֻһЩǳϵͳûнս͹ڣʵû뵽ôģսǵľʯִеһβɿʱ㱻˻ٵֻʣһҳɹʥһЩ˵ĿƼ¶˱ǰǽҲڱƲ֮²Ŵæ͹˵طĺܶ˵һЩֲ֮УҪֻʱ䣬ÿһʱ䣬ǸʵʼαĲϷǣúǽӵĸ߼սǿʵ 
ǼӴʱŴͣ˵֮һʱҲʵڶ֮ 
Ǽ巽˵֮ȫʵǰڵӦѷǳ߲֮ŶԣȻôӵ书ôǻ۵Ļˣ޿ĿƼ֪ʶΪλȴ˵ǰڵǳʯǿͨѶûУ˲һʱ䣬һȴϤ⣡˵ÿһʥ鼯ŵʵԳʼα⡭ 
Ǽڶ˵ķǳҪΪ̫ʥ鼯ȱϢ 
ǳףǼڵ˼붼ʥ鹦΢ĸı䣬Щı仹ǿң֮еִ֮ʱһЩѡҪȫĶ뵽ʥ鼯ֻ취 
һϹʥ鹦ֱַӣʥ鹦Ϊһʥˣ˼ޱ뵽ʥʱʲô¶ʥ鼯ΪģҪöʥ鹦˽ȥǰйʥ鹦Ҳûʱȥ˵οڵΪҲֻޣҲ޷˳ʱ仨һϣѡ²ʹô˷ 
ڶַʱڶʥ鼯״Լǲ˼ķչʽһȫ˽⣬ܵ˶ΣҲȫ˽ʥ鼯ź󣬶Լδһֱ۵ѡ񣡵ʱȥѡȴǳаգ 
ڻϸ˼֮ʱڵ̹ŵѿʼ½չվתͷ֣ǿȴǼӵظιһ£Ȼһң 
֣ǿĻ᲻˼æͷӦǣ



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   תǼӵųĴתתɣʥ鼯ʲôʣ㶼ǵ̸Ȼټϣʱܳԣ ǼĻ֮⣬֪ԼղŶһЩѱʱҲʵ˵ЩʲôæӦǺ֣ǿȥ 
֣ǿǼӳȥ˵עƵ̹ŵ˵ϣֻǳ󶼺棬һϲ⣡ 
̹ŵ˳ĬƵĶл 
ɫһ˵ҲǸ߹ǲҪ𣿡 
˫ŵϣ޺ʲô֮ 
̹æشתĶʥǲᵽʥ鹦ΰ棬رǲ˼ʥǰкܴĲͬڸоԼǿռһ֣ռһ֣ʱԽ֮չ鼺ãָо֮˵֮ʥ鹦ǰȸǵӦ֣ҲǰͬնľϲһʱӦҲ˵Ĳ֮ɣ 
̹Ŵ֮ʱĬ̹ͬڳʥŵ̹˵ͷ΢Цڶ޳ʥڣ㰲һ£Щ޵ʥŵһķʽޣźúң˵ȥ 
ڣĻϴսС㣬ڶԻɲ²ǵ۹ιˣ 
˼ʱ˼ĵҿǵ۹Ծʯ󴬵ӳ̶Ȳĸߣ۽ҲΪ֪Ŀģ罫սǣڴ˴Է飡 
ʱڵҲ׿ѵƶֻϺῴɵߴĲͣɱ 
˫ֱʱδ뿪Ļ֪ôѾУѾһƷʯȴûУĿǰ֪ƶ˺ܴע룬ϣΪṩƷʯӮⳡսǵ۹ǵһ㣬ʹǴڱ棡 
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ӵǶڵʽʵ֮ӵĶԼǵ۹֮ܽ£ǶͷϵϢȱ޴Ӳ²⣡һϣǵЩıȥٹСʱϼľ͹ڱʽãʱƶŽսҲΪˣĽҲԼȥսսˣ󲻹ôҲѶγвˣ 
˷һ֣ǿǼ̹һ˽ǼӴʱ͸˷֮⣬һűߵǰ¹ȴ뵽ǰ֮ԣӲסµοڵʥͬźѣǼӻں󣬱ЩأĿڴ֮⣡ 
ǼӵľٶЩԣҲȥ²⣬ָԵһſλ㲻˶ʲô˵ 
ǼҲ֪Ϊʥ鼯߲֮ʱҲʥ鼯ŵ쵼֮ˣʾԼ£һʱЩʴӣףⲻһٶȴΪһʥ˵ݣ˺ĳԱ֮һ 
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Ǽһ˼·սǰִϵ䡢ƼȻɵ˹ִͬʱʵԣԱϵ߳࣡Ҳѹִϵʵɣǵ۹ִϵϵΣ޿ɱ֮ǴɳٵıϵµȥӿʱȥһЩСЩ˺⣡֪ĿΪΣ 
Ǽԣںץסʲô˼ĳ忴ȥֻҲе΢΢ͷȷ֮Ǽ˵ȥ 
ǼӽŵǾռִϵȫ󣬱ϸĿʯκθ˻صľʯһֵ˳ǽĸ߼֮˷ֵһСݺѡǾŵ⣬߶˵Ŀ£һװžʯͺɫҺ 
ܷɵ˴̲סȳ



ھ ڷ()

   ֮˶ǵһ˵֣̲סǹȿʵܷɵʲô⣿Ƶģ ɫЩأڵЩԺͣǼ˵˵ϵȻ󽫵սľ֪´ͷϸ˵һΣ 
Ǽ˵ǸҪȻʵЩ⣬δ˵ҲδκսװʹùһҪ书ĿƼҲʵ⣡ 
ǼӴʱҲȻֻֿڽϵִϵڣҲͬϵţϵȴһֱأǰҲǴͻȻ֣ڼϵ䷢սǰϵڵĸϵ䣬ٶһЩͻͨΨϵǸ⣬ʱǶϵ˽ⶼһЩ޷֤ʵĴ˵ϵڴδκθ߼߳ϵ˽;ϵκ˻ɴᱻĪıͳһ֧͵̽սӽȥʧϵһޱȵ䷨һ㣡ʱʼϵ˳ڶشҲðս룡 
Ǽ˵һԼǰǷ̫ƽϵڣͻȻðһصķչ׳ٶ쳣֮죬ܿϵڵִӣٳɼִͬӴϵڱֻһִҲӴγͳһͬγɲúִֽʽĳ˵ƣʽǵ۹ǸͻȻðҲڵ޴ۣǵ۹ճã޴۱ɳսִϵԶ̶ʱͳִϵȫ 
ʲôʱսһϵγȫͳΣûɵ 
ǼӶ޶⣬ͷûзȫֿ£ֻʱ㹥սи߼򣬲ÿһطγ˾Կƣ޾һֱ̫ȻǿԵֿʱҲ̣ 
²ֹ죬ڰڵ˶ЩüͷǼӵĻ䣬ֿѯڵϵʵ֮ϵǿʵϵţ£Ȼγͳһ˲Ŷ԰ 
Ǽ̾˿ֻǵ޾ִϵǲڶʱռִȫܻòҰܶ³޾ǳսеֻǽձռضѣǴǵһΪڷؾţǼɫ÷ǳѿ 
ؾţðһ 
˳ʹĻ֮УǸ쳣ǿľţִϵĺڷսߺ߼̫࣬ݴӱ濴ҲǺǿȴǼִ棬ǷɢͬʱִϵչļţҲִϵڽΪǿ֮һͽ鼰ʮ򣬸߼ǧ֮ڣڷȴֻɳ˲ǧߣ֮ٳΧķǵפЩڷߺſƣԭΪΪǰһЦû̫ķǺܿ춼һһӡΪﵽһ̶֮˱޽͵޾ʱڣ 
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Ǽӻ˿ּһЩ֮˱½ѡ˳뵽ǵ۹ľ֮УҲǽһѡǾŵ֮һǾź󣬷˶ǵĹƲԤڵǽϻڶǰִϵڵĿƼ˺Ȼ˾ˣҲǱ뵽ǾŵĸеģǵĿе֪ǵ۹ĺڷִϵ֮ʱƼ˺ȻǰҲû󷴿֮İںڷΪ֮£ǵĵҲ̫󣬺Ƽ˵ĽӺȻ˵֮ˣһСֱձͻ嵽Ǿ֮У֮ǿɵϵı߾һЩطĪĽ 
һʱ˳֮У˶Ǽӷ˵֮£ 
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ǼӣִϵڿзֹԶż뵽ʲôֿڶǼѯʵ



ʮ ܷɵϣ

   ǼæӦȻִֹϵ⸽ĺܶϵֹܶԶż ͷȻˣƶ˵ǰľʯֹܱڳ֣ҲϵϵŶһδ·չɣǸǴҲΪż֮ŻͻȻóѰǿˣǰǰϵӦڵʽ̶ȶǳ֮ߣǴҵż֮غܿǰϵͳֻпͬʱõȽ֪ʶڷţرǾܷɵ췽֤ĹڷʽӦƷʯĲɼ 
Ҵδ˵ǵ۹вɼƷʯǼӳڵ 
ֿڵҲЩ߼ĿƼֻǸڷ֮ڣл֮ 
ᵽܷɵٴοʵܷɵʲô⣡ᵽж 
飬ЩľĴܷɵǼϵ֮һԣ㹻ͻȻض뾧ʯӴ֮ʱʯȫܱԭﵽǿɿĿģķɵǳǿ󣬶ӵƵԣ乥սϵĹҲַ࣡ɵʱľҺȴƣҪռ㹻Ҳ£Ϊɵ߶ΪΪý飬뾧ҺӴʹ𣬸߻ʧȥ޷䣬˥߶ĺٳս֮У 
ԽԽ˷ܣ˵ڵ᲻ǸʲôҺ㿴ʥ鹦ķɵֱ˷ѣ룬ע뵽ǸʲôҺ֮УҲ𺦣ǵԿٵĵõ䣬Լһתһ龧ʯвͣת뵽ǸҺ涼Уٺ٣㿴ô 
˵۹һΪʥ鹦ʺǿ˭֪ȴĵҺƷ֪ȴ̫ңַɵҪһЩװãҪ֮װս֮ϣȻǺܿսҺĲϻȡã 
ôһ˵̹ŵҲ֣ǿȴԵø˷ܣ߸Ц˳ôƶԩͷǴӦΪṩҪʲôֻܿҪˣ 
һֱû̹ſڵڵƸ֮ѱƶǵ۹ûʲôϵðȻҪһЩضĺʣпܻһЩҪ鷳 
Ŵ˵̹һѵȻҲ뵽˺ܶԣ 
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ڵ̹źԻĽͲ̫⣬Ǽȴȳĵԭ 
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һ𣬻ȻȷǺпܣʥ书ҲǴԶżлãȻʥŵ书ʣܿΪʱùȫɣͬǴżлõ㣬֤ǴżӦһܸ߼ǵ괫ͳʱõŲ֮Ҳܽ͵̫ԶǿգϵλϵеĿʵǷǳ֮󣡻壬Ϊأһ䵱ȻǶԻʵģ 
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һŨ壬龧ڵĴռϡԪزϺҳǰõʵ豸Ҫ߼ĲϺͷǳĶʯǻһ̨ӵлеһŵսݣܽʥںϵһһʲôĴڣЩ˷ܵĵ 
Ǽ֪ޣԶԻ˵֮˵ȴԸȥ˵Ȼ˵ſڵϵϣҲõϵŵͼ



ʮ ܷɵ()

   岢δпܻͼ˷ܣע⵽Ǽᵽġѡִ֣ϵѳΪǵ۹ǰĸӦöٴڣʱᵽӦָ ѣô£ 
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ͬʱڵ 
Ǽû뵽ͻȻУѲ׼ٶκ½ֻЩ»δл˵ڶѣʱѽ棬ýģǵ۹ͳִϵ󣬶ǿ߹ϸ񣬵ͨڣǰƼ˵ľŵߺԼȴԿɣģǶû˽ǿķʶЩڸż尾߶ѱһЩӻڱѡǾŵ߿ʼܽӴϵγһΪ˻֯֯ĳֻΪҴӻؿຣ֮໥Ͱ֯ķչ׳ҲǳѸ٣ȴʱĹ̫ƺأδκʵԵΪ㱻ǾŸ߲ڶֱ֮´˸ڣҲӴ߽⣡ֱ˺ܾԺһЩʵԭ˻Աֿʼ໥磬˻ᣡεǰźܴͬ֯¶ܣ³ԱҲǳϸڵѾǳӴ˻Աڶ֮ˣ;Ž죡˻ԴӸӵĵǴ۵ĿΪƲ⣬ܵĶЩ͸˸չ˺ͱһӵǿʵԽЩԱڻڵ֮˾ȳຣȻ˻ڵĻ֮Ҳֻмĵ֪֯ѣ 
Ǽ˵꣬΢ЦŶӦڵĺ֮֯һ˰ɣ 
ǼЩ˼ĵ˻Ԫϼ֮֯һ֪Լޣ˻֮ºٲ룡 
˵ͷֵǰһֱԼʵΪʵǾڿԴﵽһʲôĵȼ 
Ǽ΢һ˼ҵʵھӦÿԴﵽսļҿ£һְֱִ֮ͬҲǴӾѡ֮ˣ 
ЩĵŶô˵ǱʥϵģӦѡʵǿ֮ˣͨսʿˣ 
ǼӲ֮ӦǿѡģǼڽȴǿᣬЩڽ˸ǴǺڷŵΧսʿ 
ʱŻȻԭˣѹЩǿףҲѹǼӼЩʱƴɱȥҲֻѡ˵ֶѣʱͷԻδ裡 
ͻȻ뵽һЩ飬ڵǱʥϵ֮˺һһǿڷΧսʿҲˣһǱӦñǰӦǵ׼źã 
ȴɵĵСʱսǻ治Ӧǻǰһֻ֮˻壬ұ֤ڵսҪôǶУСʱ󣬳˶ǷܹӶȻڵսʥϵҲᱻĹڷӬһã 
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ǼףΪ˱𲻱Ҫ鷳ԼǲҪ˼ԼʥΪãĻһ 
Ļһ΢΢󣬳ƶ쳣Ƶݣʱƶȴһ˿̬֮һ㿪ڵλãΪǼֻ뵽ص©֮λǸϣ⼸ֻСδԸλӲźã 
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ƶ˶¶˾֮ϵĿڵ֪ܷԱҪתƵ˵פأǿƵķϵͳҲԸõΪṩ 
װһ˼ִйٴ˵ȷǺܺãһҿ󴬽ɣҪʱ䣬ʩ޽Ҳܷ£ǲôҲӦȽһ󴬽ɺٿξǷת֮£ִйٴΪΣ 
ƶһ˼ҲֻˣһսʿЭսʿȫʥָӣǱ֮ʱҲһЩã 
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ƶӦ΢ЦͷҲӸλˣ¿ʱ磡Ļһ˸ֻصǿջ棡 
תͷڴĻһԵǼʵǼ֪ڣһͨСǶ˱ƣ 
ǵ۹±ƶͬһ׼СӱΪʮˣһӱΪһǧˣһսűΪˣһűΪһˣںеŴڣһ㶼սΪλɵ󽢶֮УǼӷɿĴ 
˵ͷֶԻڵķϵͳҪʥǽطΧһǰǱʵߣԼҪʱ䣿 
ϴİɣʥϿЩװ˹ڵǣϵһ϶ҪΧ֮ˣӦòᳬһʱ䣡ЩҲֻܶʥǷΧڵСĿãԵúɣ 
ͻȻͨѶͬʱԤ棬棡ߺǸʮһ֮Ǳ롭 
Ԥ棡ЩǱߵ٣ǽ뵽ʥǷΧںùǶЩĿȫ빥״̬ 
ע⣬ʮһǱߵľע⡭ 
վ쿪ڵȥ̣ʥ⣬ߺλһϣ



ʮһ Զϵϣ

   ȥֿڵϣ֣ǿػأ˶뵽ǱȥǼһȥӭǣ ŶæͷӦǣΨǼȴû뵽ȥЩȥ𣿡 
΢Цǵпܱ¶𣿡 
Ǽæ±˴ҵʶɣܻһЩҪ鷳 
ʵսϳʥ̹ų֮ʱзǵԣ 
ǼӻȻָ 
ֽŵİɣʥ鹦󣬳֮⣬û˿̽ʺ̶ȣ㻹йǣԼ޸ģʱҵɣԺٰžְˣٶ˵ҳ 
Ǽʥоվţ̼ŷԣ 
ӺһƬСڵ㼫ķɵǰ治Զͣһ֮ԽڶͻǰϥشСʥλˣڳǰ˵ĻԷһʶã 
ʱҲʵЩԾ崩£ȴ̫ͣδ֣˵δ֮£ǼӲ»ӦΪ֮ˣȴ޷ϸܵһ˿Ϣ˲ٲ²⣡ 
֮Ҳŵϥμʥλˣ 
΢΢˵ͷض񣬶˵ 
лʥ 
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ŶǲǷЭ𣿡Щ⣡ 
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۵һ˿֮ɫͬʱҲӦһѪ֮ˣƶȻ˰ŻЩʼϲ 
һʱǴʵĿҲԲ²⣬ĵȻػذɣ˵Ǽӵطȥ 
սʿֶȥ 
ֱصľ֮ڣսʿһʱڵﰲڳһЩʶ˽־ĵطǶ洦߶еϮʱһͨЭӦս 
һ·˵ȫ*˱ʥ鼯ţڿ˺ܴĹۣ޴ޱȣȫɽɵĻػ˺ΨһˣһָĪĸоԭӵʱĲ֮ĴʱҲ࣡ 
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˵ʥ鼯֮¸֪֣ǿ̹ţ󿪿ڶʵǶԴʲô 
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˵ͷʮһ˽ϼӼأǹʥ鼯˻Իؽжƻ߽лԹ 
ףӦ 
˵ֿڵûҪҲûʱȥǣȹ۲һʱᣡ 
Ҳûʲô˵ģĵ˵ͷ 
̹ŴݵĳĬڵǼ˵˵ô˻磡ѰԼĸ֮ʵЩУ 
Դ¼еĲ̹һˣΪϵпҵµıأ˶̹ŵĻĿעеǼϣ 
Ǽɫĵ˵ҪһĴѶƬһĿռͨѶԽӺٷѶϢܱطգĴѶƬÿ֮˶ӵУҵǿ龧Ƭȴʥ鹦֮ʱĪˣ 
üͷŶѵǽ־Ƭʥ鹦𻵵ľƬڰɣҿһ£ 
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󣬾ɳ棡ȻǼźŷ˸߼ĴѶװã 
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ЦҵĴԿԹڵϣڵǴӹڵ߼Ͽ⿽˵Ҹò֪ôණ 
Цԭˣһֱ룬ôᶮôණԭʱڷ鰡ˣʲôʱҲϿɣϴһ壬˵Σ̫ߣϿûΣ԰ɣٺ٣ 
ˣ 
ǼӼ˲æץסشǰҲ֪龧Ƭʵƣ췽һṩģҲǵһżУ 
૵ĵôǵż֮УƬǿе˶˭ҵżã˭ǿһ㣡 
漴ֶ˵鷢Ѿ޷޸ˣµ﹦ܺϳһЩԪأһ飬ҪСʱʹã˵꽫黵˵ľƬԼؿڣת˲ʧ 
Ȼ˵ҪСʱҲֻܵˣ 
վڵһʯǼҲųȥɣںúϤһʥ鹦رʥʹãԺʥ鹦ҳȥһᣬϵң 
˵꾶ֱȥĻ춼¶һǳ飡 
ܿȴֻСѩŮδ 
ЩŮæǰʰ 
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ʮһ Զϵ £

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˵ͷתзȥڿУѰСѩǰŮټһСѩ˲ԶһƬС 
⻹һ̤ŵʥǵ֮ϣˬĸоʱһЩɰСӽűܹ̬ǧٹ֣ 
ǰ治ʱСѩһȺŮЦǵЦУҲɳ죡 
ѰЦĳǰȥֱܿߵСϪԼСѩˣ 
һŮۼ⣬ԶæǰʰСѩʱŷĵ˵üЦԶֱ 
ɣôôòѩѩˣСѩĵ 
ǺЦôµȥʱأˣŮ˵ˣҿЩʲô 
СѩͻȻʲôƵģͻ˷ܵɣҵСӣ 
СѩСϪ֮ԣһɫĴʯͷϹȻվһֻӣҲֵ̫˵㣬ֻֻվڵϣֻǰ֫󣬸ḻӿ 
סЦĳ嶯ֵָֻӵ˵Сѩʲôطץһֻð͸簡 
СѩĵҴһֻԴĴè½һ£֮Լһֱˣ 
ٴⶼʲôʲôԴĴè¾ȳһֱֻߵӡ 
Сѩ˵´ֵֻӣ̲סǺЦֻӵ㻹һֻð͸磬ûûȡ֣Ժͽð͸ˣ 
СѩһֻС˵飬һǺֱЦȴҲЦˣ 
ֻֻСѩĻ󣬲סĵԴЦգ۾ȷԼûֻӹȻЦ 
ʵСѩʲôԣȫɽˮģתһ󣬲ŶԻص˻ڣ 
ʱ̹Ѵڲ˾ʯҪ£㿪ʼǼʥ鹦 
ȻǼӵĹΪ̹ŵʵǸ߳࣬ϴ̹ŵ޹ľ飬ʱǼЩҲ˳ 
޵ǼԵޱ˷ܣʱǰ˵ʲô˼ 
ǼӸո޲ãӵĴѶ䵽ȥ 
ǼӸϵ֮ʱ̹šѵȺº󿪿ʵ⼸Сʱʽкα仯 
ǵ۹սͣ˵ķ˽ҲֵֻҪǲŽһ֧ǽӣǹ̫в 
˵ͷƶҲķ֧ǻذɣʱȲҪȥǱߵˣǸʲô˰ɣóԿ 
óһǼǿ龧ƬһЩľƬݸǼӵǼͨѶɱǿ龧ƬǿˣͨѶԽӣֱ䷢ѶϢ 
ǼӻϲĽӹͨѶ̫ˣھϵҪͼ 
ͷȲҪʥ鼯ŵ¸֮ˣ 
ģף 
һСᣬǼٴ˷ܵĵõˣ 
һֻ׵ָͨѶһڴĻֳ֮㣡ĻϵһС㲻ͣŴٷŴֳһƬܼɫͻɫ㣬ĻϵĻһСƬŴǿͣ 
ָĻһŴĻҵ˷ܵĵȻڴˣڼ¼ģ½˻ǣͼϱעƬǿԶϵΧ 
̹æǰĻǰɴ۾Ѱţ°ϵĺ򼤶΢΢Զǰ֣Ӧﲻ 
̹ɴ۾ͼһЩЦãѵϣûõģû¼ʮľȷֲλúݼ¼ҪӴͼҵĳ򣬱ȴ뻹ѣڼȻѾҵҵ½ǸϵҲ˲̫Զϵ岼ֵӡ͸Ժܿҵϵ 
ʥڵлеʥڵԣ̨ŻصԵȻ⣡ 
̹ԽԼԵϵӡ͸ܿ죬Ļϵ廭һ΢СƫƣֳɫԲ㡢ɫͼмһϴĹ㣡 
̹Ŵʱĵϵͼ 
ǣ̹ĻָһɫԲ 
ָһɫԲǣ֪ڵϵʲôˣӦѱ˰ɣ̹һ󼤶ɫЩȻ 
尲οȥôˣҲҪȥ̫⣡ֻҪԸ⣬ǱñػɳҲڶʱظ 
̹ҡҡͷ̾ϢлᣬҲֻȥѣѵлصȥɣ 
ôܣʥ鼯һҪĻأҪǽиҲȫ޿֮£ֻҪǳʥأʱʱԴӱ𴦴ͻȥĵ 
̹ѻصԼλ˵ⷬмĵлл



ʮ Զ̴

   ĵΪʥҪؽŷԴ֮ҲǷ֮£ֺл ̹ŲֿڶԻͼС뿴ԶϵϵλãϵжԶ 
˵תͷǼӵǼӣ˵ϵ 
Ǽҡͷϵڵϵ֮ڣҲֻ֪⸽һЩϵԼϵڽΪ֪ϵԶϵʵǴδŹ 
ĻϵͼСĻϳһС㹹ɵĳԲ壡ԲϵĹУ쳣ִԲ෴ԵϣָһڵϵǸԶϵû뵽ϵȻ˼ϵŵľ룡ָָһ㣡 
̾һʱҲ޷ֻȽ֮˵ˣ 
ȴԵЩɵ˭˵ǵҪԹȥأͼܽеԵԶ̴ͣȻһʱ޷£ͨռ佫л͵ǱȥĴȴͨͨԶ̴֮͹ȥ͹ȥĻ˲ȥ̽ǵ״ȥѰҵµķ˵ҵǿ龧壬ΪǴͻǿͨѶ֮ʱ˽⵽ЩǱߵĶ򣬲пƣ 
ʧЦǣôˣȻڵ԰쵽㾡쿪ʼưɣ 
ǰѾʼƳˣ 
 
ͻȻע⣬ע⣬ǸһҲݵսʻ룡ע⣬ע⣬ǸһҲݵսʻ룡 
ʱ֪սϢ֮ȴ޶֮ɫƵƶǻ治ڷŽһսԹ 
սѱǷ񹥻ٴγѯ 
ȵȣȽĻսŴҪ־ʽڵڵ 
ܿ죬ĻϳһҷŴ˵սһ£һн֮һľ͹ɿĻս 
ڹսһɲǣսĿռ䶼һĹţһ𣡹ʧǱеսҲʧȥټһкҲδʣ£ 
Ȼǿռֻܿͼ񣬲׽ֻӾҲޱȣ 
ĿɿڴеǾ͹ڣսһںʮ⣡Ĺÿм̨ 
ƶЧ޶֮УĿĻ˻ÿ϶װʮ̨ڣϵĹڿԹܵĹֵսϵڵκһŹڿԶʱЩڵ󣬵ҪʱҲܳһӵսʥǣЩڽѽȫ٣ 
ӿڵǿմñֹսٵĽӽʥǣ 
ȵǽ뵽ǿմԤǿմʽսҪӽʥϵȴЩѣǳʥǵֱ߷е߽ǣ£ΪϵڲĻƷУЩǽ󣬶ӵڿزµЧĵ 
岢δ˵꣬Ϊ˵Ҳ֪Ľˣ 
ʥϵڵķԽԽǿ󣬸˵Ҳǰ˲٣ԿŴĻлϵգ˫ԳֵĻ棬Ŀڵǿƶʲô 
˻δüشŷ԰ǿͨѶӣǿͨѶӣͨѶˣǷܣ 
һۣͨѶ´˽ӵ 
ǼҲѧˣʾæԼЩ΢ĸı䣡ɲٽƵĻĺ棡 
ĪϳһŰɫİˣıӦһս֮ϣ 
ͨѶһͨ˱Ŀڵλ˺ã˿Īŵʮ˽ָӹǰһսͻǷʥϵλ׼ǽϵ׷ 
΢΢ЦлΪʥһУǱսѱǻ٣²Ϊ˷ģ 
Щ⣬΢΢һ㶺ſڵ¶ˣ»оͲӸλˣ 
΢΢ͷжͨѶ 
忪ڵƶһֱͣĶǽ֪̽ε¹θ룡ôʱڽһսӦÿԸƶһָĪĸоҲڽһ֧ǽӷŽɣ 
ڵȻǻȼоԼʵɣպ޷ֵΣգǾԶĸʥ鼯ϵķתƣԸڲҪźã 
սѾȫ䱸˷ڵĹΪ޷壬ЩһЩĶķֶʱʯܣ̶ԱڵսʱΣǰʵǽ˲٣ʥսʿרսͷҲڸУܿʥ鼯Ŷӵп˿ս 
ǼЩȵĵ˵ļαʵ˶̶̵һʱ䣬˵ʲôҲ㲻ϣȴԸܵʥ鼯ŵʵ仯ǲ˼֮ 
վټּ죬ΣԹȥˣȥǱˣ 
ҲվԻǻڵ¾Ƚ㣬ǶȥּоˣǱߵٰһ£СѩǰﻤҲ 
˵㳯ȥ˵ȻҲĸ˳ȥ 
˺һʱ䣬ʥ鼯֮˼ֵжɹϵ⣬ǽ˽Ծ໥Գ֣ҲмνҵĽսǵ۹ȴû˴ɽӣҲδ֮˻򽢶Ǳʥϵ֮· 
պǽӼ˽ӽһҵĳսͻ˷뵽ϵڣЩսһϵ㱻٣ 
˺ǵ۹ӿʼĴϵ⳷ߣ˽ȴдﲼԷһ 
ܿ㵽ƶԼʱ䣬ֻһڣ 
ĻǰƶͨѶַȥƶκܿڴĻ֮ϡ 
˫һԵʺֱӽ⣺ִйٴˣһİҿѾϣִйٴ˸ǴʹͲֵ룡 
ƶĵǺʱǰǵ۹ͻȻ˶ԿķÿԳûɼʯ 
ʵֻ֪ǽȫѴʥϵȥȴû뵽ǾȻľҲߣ֪ڵĶΣ 
ƶҲЩ״Ųĵǵ۹Ľ˵ĺͻȻҺܳף֮ǰȴֶϵڵڶ˹֮ȫϵ߾֪Ǻԭ򣡡 
һۣǰ߿ʵû뵽ǾȻͻȻЩǰȫ𣿡 
ƶЩȻĵ⵽ûУЩʧܲأԷǽӵľȫЩԵúܻңɳ˴ӺǰȥЩܵо治֪ǵ۹ĿΪΣûʵĹֻΪйһ㣡 
ƶ˵ֽתƿǵ۹ȫ泷ʱӦòٴ֣˽պڻǾһθ߼飬ڲ飬ǿ˵´ǿ֮ʱôֲʱڽϴһЩĳԱ䶼μӻ飬ʥµʱҲ飬ʽ뺯Ժ󽫻ᴫ 
ĵʥ鼯ֻһռ˵Сʸμ߼飡 
ƶ΢Цʥعǫʥ鼯Ǹռ˲ãҲֻӵһ򣬵Ͷ˵Ĺ׺ҪԶԣʵûж֮ȣ˵ʥ鼯ž;ԣӦҲǺСŶԣƶ˻Щ̽ʥ鼯ŵϸ˼ 
ڵȻȥ̸Լ⣬мĵ˿أպԵ׼ʱμӻ飡 
̸һЩ̫Ҫ֮˫ԽͨѶƶҲտ󴬵ĴͲꡢԼ˻뺯˹ 
һĬ󣬻忪ڵǽӳǰЩӦѱȫ˹ڿϵڵӦò඼˳Աˣ 
ЩǵԤϵ֮£ǵ۹ϵĿѾﵽͿƶôˣ 
պ˻ʲôʵ 
ȻӦѲܶôǺ滹һ򣡵ʥ鼯ŵķԴأϴʥԱˣʥ鼯ӦһܲɷֵŶԣϵڻźܶԶԵвڱҪȽȫ󣬲ܻصռԵʥ鴫УԼЭչ̫ƶҪʥ鼯Ųμ˻飬˵ǸûᣬǶ˵˽ʵ̫٣ϵڵʽҲȫ֪ǷǳβμӾۻĻ˽ϢҲԷһЩʵΪһνʥ鴫еĿ꣡ 
˵ͷȷһûᣬǵ۹ڵ˵ǸǳҲ취ƶ֮ĹϵԼϵ⣡ 
ֵƶҲμӻ飬֪᲻ǵı 
Ҳ뵽⣬ڵ˵غʥҵģʥ鼯ȫ߱ǣֻǻ㸵֮ʱڵĹΪټ֮Ӧò̫Σղǣ 
ҪҪһͬǰȥʵ 
岻ӿǵĵһʥǱȽϺãϾĺܶණϤһҲӦξǼȥɣٴǧ̶ԱУ⼸һΪǼӸҵսڵΪӦÿԽǹˣ⻹ҪһĽԹθ֮ã 
΢һӦðɣǾˣͿ֮ȥһ£ȥˣڵΪȻǷǳ֮ߣβμ˻ʵкܶδ֪ıһʵʱӦ֮ʱҲһְգ 
ȥæסϴȵȣ 
ʲô𣿡ɻ 
ҪǱߵĻ˺ʹѾȫ׼ˣ㻹һ°ɣ֪̹ͨųҲ͵ 
Щϲô죬̫ˣ 
ܿӵ֪̹ͨŵ˶ϵڣڴĻǰ 
Զǿմ뵹ʱʮšˡߡ塭ġһ 
ͬʱĻϳһɫĽļ̣ͣ 
ֵһĻԳˡͳɹľ޴С㣡 
ͻȻĻϻһ䣬һƬǿգĻӾǰһɫ 
͵εĴǷֳͬʱеģǿǴ͵յķɴǰǸɫǣɴϵĻ˶ϵϽһЩռ󣬱Ὺʼִ񣡡 
Ļʾǲͣ󣬲úֳһƬɫĴ½һߵɽ֮ϣɽȥĻȫûһ˿ĺۼһֲҲûУ 
̹Щĳɽߵɽ壬Ҳһڣû뵽ڱһ⾰ 
Ļϲͣ̽ݣ 
߿Щݱ߿ڵѾʼȻգرɽʯҲȫ޻ܿ΢棡Ժҡ




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弯
һ ʥŹ

   ɴңնǽһ򵥵̽ʻ˱ڣرǰţ ӴĻǵ½ؼֱûɫݣɽľƽԭ̲ݣֱһƬ֮ء 
⻹ĵطĻпܻظ𣿡̹ЩȻ૵ 
ֹ̹ţ˴ӴĻϼǴʱľҲֱüͷʵҪ೤ʱܽǻظ 
һصĵõĿƼǶһŴۼǽи죬Ҳʲô£οֻǵرһʱȥǣڵȴǳŹ֣ڵ̽ȷǱӽŰɣֵǵԭʼתȴδʧȥƽ⣬ֻһͣǾϻŴ 
ػдѵڵ£ǻںУ̹Ųδע⵽صı飬ϿܻŴЩ˷ܵĲ² 
Ҳѹ̹Ŵʱʧȥƽ̬֮ϵĺƽͻȻӽ޾֮أΪһƬɳ龰ֱʱĿϵ֪˶Զĵ֮ãʧȥٻǣؽ԰ģʱ֪ػǵĿܣпǻظƽǰʢھɵؽʥŵĿܣһʱҲ⣡ 
ͷӦڴ֮У 
ŻĻĻϻҲɴļٶ÷ɿ죡 
ע⵽˻ı飬֪йŹ֣ʵ㿴ʲôԾĵط 
ԶӵͨѶͣĶԷɴ´ָ̽һ߻شһҪԻظԭʼƽҪǧ꣬õʱ䣬ṳ̂죬ΨһĿܱǵǵӽߣδɾϵĽʵ⣡ 
һֵĵǰ˵֮ˣЩȻеӽ˵ǴƷЩӽ߷ųĹ޲ʳʥź󣬷ŹһЩ̫ҪСҲӦ֮°⻹ʲôѽ𣿡 
Ҳ˵ЩҲ֪ЩǱ²⣬ѯʵĿٴ˻ϣ 
͵֪ӽһǿصзӽ֮Ҳټȴһֱ޷֪ʲôɵģӽߵÿһγֶͻȻðһ㣬Ľ淽ʽûǽйͨһӽ֪ӽ߻ӽ޵ĳ֣ؽڵһʱ緢Ѷͬг׻𣡵ӽ߳һ˽⣬δչԭʼ򣬶ӽߵϵȫˣ 
˵ӽһֺ󣬳ǱȻһɾһ;һԵ֣ǿ˳ 
ͷӽֵ߳ļأǳһûжֿ󣬲ܻ޹ȥ 
ѵ곤ߺǿ֮˽ӽ޺Ǹӽ߶ˣ˵ԼĲ²⡣ 
Ը˰ɣϣ˵򵥣Ȼ±ŷͬѰأ 
֮Ψһĺռһϵ̹ſĻ˵ 
ʱĻϵĻɴǰУѱΪһƬ޾Ĵ󺣣 
պͷŴӷɴĸݣڵȻƬ޾ҸҶ϶ӽ߲δӽ޽뵽桭 
㷢ʲôͻȻʲô֮£ʵ 
彫˫۴ӴĻƿϴʯɴ̽⵽ƬŴľʯ 
Ϊ巢˵ӽΪηŹû뵽£Ҳǳ⣬̹ǰǵ겢δչû뵽ϵ۸ɾʯʱҲδʯʥŹ֮ŴʯֻһܣǱǴ˵е̫ 
£ü 
ֿڶ̹ʵ֪ʥŵĴʼҵż⴦ 
̹һ˼ʥŵ伮ֻǼʥ޹ʥŵĴ֮һ̫ż֮УżںδȴδἰʥŵҲɳµӣϸվ֮̽Ѱż䣬ҵࡢõ书ȴһֱδ񣡴˺ϵ̫żıһصĴ˵û뵽֮Ҳżڣ֪⴦ż뵱̫ʼֵǴǷ̹ͬҲֱӴӻĻ뵽֮һһֱΪ֪̫ż 
һԽеǲͬһֱ÷ɴǱȥ̽һ²֪𣡶ˣţɴӦÿԷˮɣ 
ʱĵ֮£̽һ˿᲻Ȥڵľʯӳ˴̫żųﻹһЩʩĿԣǵķɴֻôһңֺαڴʱðգ׼ºһ̽Ҳ٣˵Щżں׳˯ô꣬ͻȻ˲ɣ 
ٺ٣˵ҲǡЦ 
ǵĴ˽òˣڸҪǣ⿪ӽ߷Źôຣţӽ֮ºҲһ㣬뵽һǳµĿԣת˵ͷȿǱߵ˵ 
Եĵ˵ͷĻҲһ΢лҷɴĻɼʾϣ 
ɿĽɴ̽⵽תԽзƬ̵صĵǻи߼ڣпǵӹһٵ壬ҲпǺ˵صĸ߼ߣƶڵ˽ͣЩǵӽʱ壬ǵӽ֮߳µı󣬱ܿŷǳµأ 
˵껰ֶԴĻ´һЩָڵǿ 
Ļϳһɽȣɽֳ˴Ƭľд˹䡭 
һԽ˵ǷɴǰɼĽӰ񣬵꾡մﶨһ߼ľ۾֮ɣɴظϵ˵ؽϸ̽飡 
һ֮ķ֣æͨѶСѩСѩ峤ң 
Сѩڵļ֮⣬ʵɣʲô𣿡 
һʱҲͲ㽫ǴˣʱҲѹȥ̫ͣ 
ŶðɣСѩҲڴʱ֡ 
ɴܿصǴɽ֮⣬ɽ֮ǵ½һ޶صĻɫɳ 
ڻԶ̲ٿ£ӷɴˣκʹųװúĳڷȥ 
ĻӾлһ˵˫ĿŻ˵룬ּؽҲĳڴĻ֮ϣ 
һ·ȥּ䷢ʮ໥Ľȴδһˣ ̽⵽ӳɽھĸ߼ʱּһԾ޴Ľ֮ڡ 
Żһ㳯Ǵﻬйȥ״ʵȷκûбǷֵĿ𣿡 
̾ϢЩ˵ηʽرǱ֮ʱȫ*ıԴΪὫ֮Ŀϸ΢Ԫؽ˲ķֽ飬ԲκκۼηʽҲֻܱܹ֮˵̽飡ǰһȷ˻˷֣ڻ˶Ѿ뵽֮ȴԾûκķӳմ˿ɽоס֮˶߱Ǳл˵ûϴסǰд֮ˣ 
Ļⶰ޴ʽͷϵһЩдĹŴԼЩ֮ 
ϢĴֵصĴŻ˽ȥһĵãǰ̽ʾپۼǧˣڽһصʽ 
Щ˵ò̬ЩϤֲȷԼڵĲ²⣬ѯʵĿ̹⳯ſȥ 
̹ŴʱҲǲ⣬ѯʵĿ⣬˼Щ壬Ҵ˵ں֮ܶ˶ͬʱû뵽徭Ѻ󣬾ȻӸ໥ڵһ𣡡 
̹ŵĻ䣬ſСѩɣҽǴˣ 
΢ЦСѩɣ 
СѩЦһҲ࣬㲻¸ֲ㣬ҶˣԸͬŮսʿȥߵ 
峤ǰվЩߺ޵Ŀ̹һۣתﵽʲôطҪԸǾֱӵ㣬ʲô 
Ļ䣬һӰͻȻ׵ĳԼǰ޷ǿϢԼϮ 
һǿϢ֮ˣԼȫʢ֮ʱҲеù˰ָͷοȫ޵ڣ 
δӳԼеǹϢ漣ʧ٣ͬʱǵĻǼ£ 
ԭղǰͻȻֵӰǼӣڵʱܳ±֮ϰΪγӦѳɽ֮˶ԼӳԲ㲻Ͼ˼Ҫֽѵ 
ǼҲһȻû뵽̶̼֮ڣΪѵɲ֮Ȼֻ*εʥ㽫Լ˲סԼɢųϢҲѹڣ 
ǼȻ𺧣Ŀȴӿȣʥ鹦湦Чʥ֮Ľʥ˵ĹͬͷӦǺصǰλ 
ָŴĻ˵ʶ֮ˣ 
˽㽫עϣֱʱſĻĻ桭 
ʥڴ𣬳ŴĻָĻϵĻ漤ʵ⡭ô£ʲôط 
Ѫ峤ҲḻĿŴĻϵĻ棬֮⣡ 
ʥ߿ڵڸʲôҲ֪֪Ǵʱǵһɽ֮У 
ʥ峤һ󼤶侲Ŀڵ֮ˣЩӵ⣬˶ǰԿ޵սȥͻȻðôˣֶ֪β٣ЩӰӦǼİɣǵʲôıѵڵǻʲôõļֵɣ 
ȿ˵һԿڵ 
ĻϵĻһϵλͼ峤ͼǱȽϤܿ챻¶˼״ 
ĻϵĻٴα任л̽ɴǰɼϢԼ뵽ǽغ;е̽龰 
ɳķɴѾҵϵڿЩǷɴով̽⻭棡һԽ͵ 
Ļϵ̽¼񲥷ŵɴɽȺת˷ɴ»صɽȣɳǱн뵽ɽ̽龰ֱ˽ֽתڵʵʱ̽ͬ 
˿⼸黭棬پһԲʱ⣬ʱް㻳ɣ 
ʥ峤鸴ӵĿ̾û뵽ѱⷬ⾰û뵽ﻹôܷﵽʲôطжԶ 
ʾһº󿪿ڵǵѲµѲǵ򣬲ڵȴǲԶڵ̫ϵͬϵ֮Уǿ 
ָѻϵͼĴĻһϵϵŵͼԵһСɫϵǿرϸڵ򣡡 
䣬Ļϵͼתһ棡 
ŵϵŵһߣһΪԶϵĻϵһСƬɫС㣡ڵϵԶϵһСϵǸ˰ɣ 
峤ʱڶޱȣû뵽ǿմŲ֮ǴңԶĵطͬʱҲ˵еĪ⣬ɳɴͻ˵ңԶǿս̽ʱأҪʲôĿƼʵʵڳǵⷶΧ 
ʥ峤˿ڵӦòֻΪ֪ԼڶϰɣҲͻǵˣҪʲôֱ˵ˣǵ˲ߡȻвˣ 
ǿصؽ԰ 
ʥ峤һ˲ֻظȻҲǳѣѵ㻹Ļ᲻ɣ 
һԵ̹ŴʱڵʥǰĶԹӦǰٺ˺ڵ֮£ҲΪԼɺѶΪ֮ڵ֮ˣʥҲ˸Ҳ֪ڶд棬ǼҲӦó˽˲ŶԣǶŹͬԸǱػϵҲҪˣҲŹͬĳУǱӽߣ 
ӽߣ˶̹Ҳ˵ǸͬĳȴЩԣ̲ѯ 
̹תͷ⻹Ͱɣ 
˵ͷ˵ǻ֪뵽ǵЩޣȫΪӽߵǿԼûɣЩΪӽޣֻӽĹߣȻ֪ǰĽӽɣɳɴƶǵǴεĽѱܻһЩΪ֪֮ǱҳӽϮϵĿģҵӽ߻ʹ֮ˣ



ڶ 

   ʥ峤ʹЦǵʥ֮˵ĹҲԸˣھҵǸʲôӽߣƾʲô𣬸ۺǸνʹ֮ˣ Ŀڵ塢֮𲻿ɲûʵȥ𣬵ԶҲûʵ˵ˣӽߵ룬̫ͻȻ͹Ź֣ǲ䱳ҲԼиףԷٴγ飬ʥź壬Ҳǰִˣ 
㵱ڵʥ֮ʥ峤ʱԶݷǳ⡣ 
ױϰʥŹڻԵɺ޳һصĹųɾڵһΪλϺʦֽ̧³Ϊεʥ֮ĵ 
ʥ峤Ҳ֪ʳʲôʵԵĶʱҲѪ峤һ㣬ʥŵĺ˲٣ΪԼϣһص帴˵ϣ 
Ҫʲôֱ˵ˣֻҪΣ֮£ҵȶϣʥ峤ʱҲͨˣչֳӦòڴµԼˣ 
ĵҪ˽⣬ǵôǿŲǺЩӽôȥģûر鷢 
˵ָŴĻӦ֮˰ɣԺһὫǵӰ͵ڣǿɽ˽̸˽飡 
ʥ峤Щĵ˵ǿվϵ˵ 
΢Цĵ˵ͷ󣬶ſе׼ͶӰӣ 
ǡ 
ͶӰ׼ɣʥʼͣڴлš 
Щŵվһ峤ʼɣ 
һ󵭵ɫ⻪סʥ峤ˣͬʱĻĸ̨Ҳֳ˵Ӱ 
ڵ˼ͻȻӰڼ̨֮ϣԵЩңܿʮԽڶΧסѱαӰ 
ЩΧȥ֮ˣǿˣһȥ㷢˾Ȼǰȥ峤 
ЩΧȥ֮˶໥㿴ңҿľɲȥ峤ͻȻ֣֣˶ûиԱеϢûһ˿ͬһ㣬һʱҲѱ٣ 
ʥ峤˴ӴĻĻ棬Լڶ˾ɲı飬Ȼʣ 
ʥ峤ȿڵᡢĪ˹ơ棬겻Ƕʶ𣿡 
ʥ峤Ļһڣָļ̨ϴһɧʱƵ̨ϵ֮࣬ôվڲ̨̫ϣԵЩӵʱЩǰҴ֮ĻȥЩÿ϶ڼͲ֮ɫ 
һŴӵʥˣԽվͶӰϽĵط΢Ŀڵ峤𣿿⡭ 
ʥ峤֪ΣԼҲ⣬˵󣬽˵ĻңҺѪ峤аڤ峤ڶǼңԶĵطֻ˵Ӱѣ 
ԭλ峤ķݼλ峤 ӱʥ峤һϳĶᣬʥ峤һϳ֮ˣǰʥڵĵλͣܽͶӰɷҲȷǹԵģ 
ݼλ峤 
ݼ峤 
̨ϵ֮ˣȷݺ󣬶æزΰݣЩ̨µڶˣδλ˵еȱ峤ʱҲֱܷһҲŰȥ 
ʥ峤˳˺ǶּĵΪֻʣЩˣû뵽λ峤ɽڣӦûкܶӹ˵ĽѰɣ 
ʥ峤̾һͬǵҲֻʮˣǵŲ֮ӵһİ򣬴Ӵ˱ûǵκѶ֪ǿеĸλֱղŴһƼõǵϢ½˵Ӱ͵ͨ 
ƼǼ˽ֺβλ峤ǵͻأһѪ֮˿ʵ 
Ѫ峤תͷһʥ峤䲢޲ñſ˵ڵĵطǵңԶ̶ȳ̫ܴ֮࣬ӰصͨѶǷǳף׵İȫͻǣ 
Ѫ峤˵֮ʣʥ峤һЩҪ֮ѯʵݡ 
Ѫ峤䣬ʥ峤㿪ڵ֮Ժ˵лҪǣ 
Щ֮æӦ뽲 
ʥ峤˼ڵǰôӹ޵ĲɱôṲͬģ 
ЩʹĻʥŵһֿޣһ˱˿ҳ֪ԴЩǳֺЩ緽ʽʧȥЧãЩС˱峤ȫʧȥϵֵǣֿ󣬱Ϊ޻ἯһЩܿ콫û뵽ЩȴûôֻкٵĹ޲ͣ׷ǣ޷ֵЩµıƵ⴦ɽ֮ڣֵǣЩ޲ƣʣֻ֮вˣҪȫʧȥֿ֮ʱЩ˶ǵ׷ɱͻȻʧӰ٣ɽڹ˺ܳʱԲй޳֣㿪ʼ˳ȥ鿴ǶһƬأǹ֮˺֮еС˻ʥŵӵټ⴦޹ȵñǱֱڣ 
Ựһ䣬ʥ峤ֿʵΪ崫УΪ˺ܸõӦϵĿֲȫںϣҲǿ֮£ղԣͬ˹ȵӦʥˣΪȴټ 
һҴʥ֮Ҳǧ֮ڣȷЩȫȥǱ㽫ȫ˳ȥ 
ʾ£ʥⳤָϽʵǧʥŵӱ˳ȥ֪ȥ𣿡 
ҡͷͲ֪ˣ뿪ǺҲûߺδʥŵӳǣҵ⴦޹ȣ 
ʥŵںδ֪ʥ峤ּٵʵ 
ЩԼ峤Ϊʥŵ֮£峤Ǽе飬Ҳֻæǽס󣬰 
ֱڣʥ峤ʵ 
ֱԱڹڵһʩ˽ƵɽУǼԼûĻᣬһֱɽʲôʱҲ޲ʲôã 
Ự䣬ͻȻλ峤ֶһӰӰҲǷǳʶ֮ˣܵıҪֶйڶ֮Ҳ˷Ӧ 
峤æǲ񣡡 
ʥ峤ֺͣ󣬽ſڶЩǾɵ˵һͬǵĻһЩʥˣ̹ųϱ֮һҵҲһֱһǲٶԳϺʥŵӻе⣡ 
ͻȻֵӰ̹ŵͶӰʥ峤󣬼ɴĿڵǽʥŵӴ˴лҪǣ 
ʥ峤˼ԼЩ˻ɣæû̹ųϵĻ𣿻ȥ 
Ȼ峤˻Щ˵ȻҴܿ㽫ʥŵӴ̹ǰ 
ʥŵӱЩ֮ɽ֮ãһֱжɹδԵ̫࣬ĺⲻν󣬸ղ֮˳ȥڽǳ֮ʱ嶯ǳ֮˶֮ʱڱ˵ĵϣֵ˺ȥЩ֪֮Լ峤ʥ޺ãһṻܵģ˱̹ӰǰʱҲЩˣ˫۶ԵĺǿҪ˳ 
һ·ʱһֱЩҪԸǣ˴ļ̨ȴʥŵĴ峤վһڶ󾪲ѣ̹ſʥڳ⣬λ֮ˣʱȴô֮Χм䣬ֱӲ뵽ıǳԼһ㣬Щ֮˸סˣ 
æٹ˼̹ԣл֮⣡ 
һʥŵЩŵĿڶ̹ŵôҲڴˣ˿Ϊ⣬ͻ̹ڴԼ𾪺ͽŵȻûע⵽ǰĳϸûκϢûκϢ 
̹û뵽ԼܼԼͬȥµӣϲöǿѹƽ͵Ŀڵǲ̫ţʥĸֶԹѾˣ 
ʥŵ̹֮ԶЩԾʥô廯˳ޣ˵ĻҲòţ 
ȻǸղ˵ӿʵϣô£ʲôط 
̹һɣü˵ʥŵӣ 
û뵽̹Żһʣ󾪵ôˣǵ֮ʱʥýܹ˼ҵѵʾѵϵĹ𣿡 
棬ǡһӸо̹ź峤ϾȻϢȫޣ 
̹⣬͵ĲˣֻһӰǶ̽鲻ԷϢλ峤ϵңԶĵطԭһʱ޷ǽֵǼΪʥŵӣΪֶʥڵһ֪У˵ִǰңָʲô񣿡 
˶̹˵Ļкܶ಻֮ǰֻ̹Ӱһ˵ҲֻһֹˣҲףǼ̹һΣȴǼм䣬̹ŵʱδע⵽ΪƽҲ֮£ʱĻ£̹Ƕʥ״֪ǵݲ˻ɣҲܣҲֻøϽ½ͣ 
˻һۺһ˿ڵʥŻ忪ս֮ʱʦֽѡ˳ִеڶ̽񣬵ʱͬѡĻˣ뿪ǰҵʥýܴѵʾϻ״һŲ֮ڱ㱳һοھ볤Ϻ˲顭 
ʱ̹ŵȻȷǵݣҲ˵ָ£ЩǸεĴʥŵӵĻ̫ˣǶɣ 
̹Ȼĵȥִϵһ޴ĽѣΪ˸ȡߵʱ䣬ΧսҴżʮ˳ȥ˽ѣһӦҲӹǴνѣȴ֪˺δ 
̹˵꣬ӺޣǹޣȻһ㣡û뵽˼ңˣ 
̹ŷ˵֮ЩŹ֣ʵѲǳȥִ֮ʱҲ˹ޣ 
ӵͷǱʦֳַʮһ飬ͬķȥ̽Ѱһ黨˺ܳʱҵһڶʥһ㣬Ҳ֮ˣǵΪȴ󶼱ǿǿʼЩӴ׼̽߼书֮ʱͻȻ˴ޣЩĺܿ£֮ضɷɻңЩ޵޾ҲԽԽǿϵ͸ֲֶﶼһƬһƬĵ£Ȼɷɻңִͬʦֵܣ⣬Ҳڹצ£˲Щ޶ȥȷΣպ󣬱ϻǣ뽫Щ»رͳϣǻصʱȴ򶼱һƬǰǸңǵʱͲǿҲ˹޵¢ȴûģȥǣϣ忪ս˶˹޵ϮǵǺȴʧΪ龰һ޶ٺ⴦ɽⷢһЩڱǣȺȴֻһЩ֮ˣ˵ӰǱ巢ֺƴѲڱɽֱڣ 
ʾ£̹ź峤һЩº̹ʥŵӻصǵʥפؾַȴİţ 
峤ҲԼˣԼؽ԰ǽһЩҪϣºȥͶӰͣ 
ղ˽⵽Щ£ټӽŰȴô˺ʹ̹ŵ˶뵽һַǳõĿԣ 
Ը֣ǿ峤ȥϢЩصĶԻô 
ʱɫǳѿǸεĿ̹ŵϵĴٺпҶ𣡡 
̹ҡͷ̾˵ЩԤϵõ˵Ҳ² 
һԵСѩղҲ˴Ļ֮£˽ⲢҲ޷͸ɻʵɣô°ǶŸüͷѵЩµӽ߻ǲɣСѩе֪ǰǳֵĹޣʵΪӽߵǿԲֱᵽӽߣ 
Сѩǿ΢΢һЦѩ֪ϣЩֹϵӽߣܴܿһʼǳǵʥ󷨶ģ 
СѩԾôأ˵ǻᱻЩҵ𣿡



 ܾ

   Щӽ߻ǵʹǳǶǱѰҲʱ⣬ֻϣһһЩʱЩҲǹʲôвصĵ ֮˶гŸЦϴҲ̫ģҲ糤˵̣鲢أϵҲп򰡣 
ҡҡͷϲҵ½ǿŻΪĵƬǿգ̶ܿܶͬȵ⵽ӽߵϮӦЩܺΪصģǴ֮Щӽ߻ǵʹߣӦһΧڸӦʥ鴫ڵӦΧӦò̫ҵҵµķʥ鴫ѱȡߺ󣬱㿪ʼԷǸΪģӽߵӦòǼͬʱ˷չʹøܶűӽֵľЩӽҲԶ໥ϵķһӽǸӦʥ鴫󣬱㽫Щ֪ͨڱ̽ӽߣʥŵӽͻȻ֮£ӽ޵ıܱ;ÿһȻҲֻᣬʥӽ޶Գʱϳټϵ˴ӽԽԽ࣬ʹ½ֵסӽ޵ʥ֮ǰõЩͨǵĴţȫתȥϵʥŵӹӽޣһСʥŵӺ֮˴ʥ鴫ǿմŲǣʹӽȫʧȥ˶ʥ鴫ϵ֪ǿմŲഫʣΪ˾׷̹ųǵ䣬ٵĳǣҲñɽеʥŵӺ֮ӹһ٣ 
һֹ滳ǲǸһģôЩ¾ͺһ㣡 
ֻ֪Ϊ˻տЦ̲סһ۲ſڶԻȿǸɣܲиķ֣ 
ҡͷÿˣ̽ɴϢҵҷʣˣЩһʱӹһ·׷ҵʱȻҲ֪ƼΪҺܿķʹ޷϶Ƿڷɴ֮Уǽҷɴȥо 
ûˣʲôûˣҵҲˡ 
յĵʥ鹦ȷĲҲΪ̫棬ʹԵøĪ⣬Ƕ˽ҲֻڴУأܾĳֲżȻģ֪ʲôĽ 
ҵ˼ɫǾ仰Ǳ辡һпܵĿʵⲻֹΪӦǰĸѣΪЩ޷ľ޴׼ϵǵ۹֮Ҳ辡Щ谭Ƿչٶȣ 
ֶպμ֮Щµĵͼƻ֮󶼸ȥͷи׼ 
ͻһ䵥ڣǰһŲͣεڶƽ 
ʥԣҪԼͷŵαΪ棬˼ǣǰǵʥһԼǻۣԼ㣬һɵ壬˸е𾪵ĻԶֹЩ 
Ϊȥμ֮ǰԼܵʵ֮¶ɻ̹ŵ˴Լ⼸춼䵥ڲͣʥ鹦ԣ⾧ʯΧٵڻ£ 
ȥǲμ֮ڣչĬڶԼ⼸ɹǳͬʱҲԼ֮ǰ̫⣬ԼǰҲЩ޷Ĳ֮ͬ 
һ¶£ԼʥһСųƵ⡭ 
ⱾָµһʶΪ֮ȴ⣬һС󣬾˰ڵĿռвͣ裡 
Ծķ֣Լٶȷ֮ʱųڿռЩľʯ 
ԼϷڷһͻȻͣǰ֮УδСһ㣬ֻղ̫ྦྷʯʹܼЩʵ廯 
𾪵ĿǰԷǳĸоԼһʥѱͬԼľڣ֮תΪʥһ㣡 
ͬʱҲԺԵĸоѲһŵһȫµɵԼ˼ǻۣȻֻ֮ʱĵһָоףָо 
һʱЩԼǷӵ˴ϸҲԣһЩԳ֮ΪĻһЩȣȴźܴĲͬԼĴ֮ҲԶ 
֣ѳһȫµԼ֮жϵϵԼԾžԵĲٿֲٿزɣָԼָһ򵥣ҶֲٿزǶΪϸڵĲٿأԼֻҪͨ´һʵȥԼ֮£ 
ʮͬΣ佫Ҫóʲô״ȴûκҪȻڿвͣ״Ľ 
ЩŵȥռеȻ 
Ź֮뵽һµ֣Ǳǡӽޡ 
Էɿ֮ĿռͬʱЩתɲ֣ȫɣƶٶҲǳ֮죬ٻΪһͷޣǲǷӽ޵ 
뵽ɹԼıԴֻȥģӽޣԼͳӽ𡭡 
һʱĶ²Ĺֹʥ鹦ıʺԼĿĵǧ²⣡ 
֪ʱԼҵ飬Ѷǰĳ֣һķͽͣ뵽˻壬ƾʥ鹦ĳоݷҲܶһĽͣ 
֮ڣϣڳǰ֮ǰܹ⿪ͻȻֵӣ¶ƺͨѶȴֵĻ壬֮ǰڿŹεһĻ 
ѯʵĿ⣬еĿЦϴ˵ȻòӽްѸ˰ɣ 
ɫƾʥ鹦˽⻹᲻ô£㲻𣬿оһ°Щż 
ɿҡͷϴ˵Ҷʥ鹦оȷһֱûмϹо룬ҵҲϵŴѾٽ֮ȥ 
ǵһ˵û֮ԣɻĵһֱʥ鹦оǶгЧƲƳڶʥרõװʥ鹦Դ˾ʯ֮ʱ˵֮أ 
̾ϴ֪ҷԼʥ鹦оѵһƿڵ˽⣬ʥ鹦һֱȥٴ洢ԼʥٿʵĻԣӦԶ䣬һЩطȴ޾ıҶݵóĽۣÿһʥ鹦֮ˣǵĹΪﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬶Բͬص㣬صҪָʽһЩδ֪ĶҪʥ鹦оȵڶʥ鹦ߺԼΪܴﵽԲԼصܼȥϴʥ󷨵ڴߣͿϲıͨʥ鹦ߣҶԺҲֻǴӵ˽ֻƬҪоҲ޴֣ҪԽҲûκθݶ޷ʵ֣ 
˻һ۵˵ôѻΪǰûоŹǰץʱоһ° 
תƵϣɫҲأͬԶɿת 
˼һתͷʵϴԹųٽջԼ𣿡 
һûôԼıһӽߣ 
ͷϴͻȻðܣʵӽźܴ֮֮ȴҲűʵӽո׳ʵԴﵽԼĿģǿùԼûӽޣΪĹߣķʽǽڶĻ֮ϵģӽͲ֮Уϴȴͬʥ鹦ͽͲҪҲûŹ֮ȥкĿܺͱҪӽ֮ıһЩ֮Ҳֻ轫֮ɺϱɣ 
ЦˣҲȥץһӽ߻о֮֮ͬȻʥ鹦һزٵḶֻ́ҪҶúãҪΣֺαӽ֮Ĺϵأڲǲ£кأ֮ͨ󻹲ȽЩ޷ķ׿˵ 
Ҳǳʱ룬ʱܽأһγɽϴӰܻܿӰ쵽Ժʥ鹦֪ܽԼӽ߼ϵ֮ǿѹĵףĿǰ˵Ҳһǵѡ˳Ļڵϴ뵱Ȼòϴǰȥμ֮ڣʱ磬ϴ㲻Ϥһ֮ܵҲʱΣ֮ʱҲ˵ 
Ի֮ҲΪȻĵ˵ͷһ佫ǰԾͣڿеĹջص֮ڣ 
һԽŵʵϴоô 
ϸϸĶԼһ̽ü֣ջںȫʧȥ󣬾ǰ㣬ĸɲ֣ڵҲǰӦǸղΪҴصģԺԼӦǸѡ񣬲ͻȻ䴴һͻȻ佫ɵζ治ܣ 
尲οϴҲţǼˣ֪ղһЩϾһʲô̬֣ɲݣĳֽǶ㣬 
˻Ļĳ뷨䴥૵ĵңҾ 
Լڵ뷨͸оǰķϷһСڿУǰС˺ֻܶ࣬ĴָСҲԤϰ㣬ӡǣ 
Լ뷨ŽԼԪϷתƵС֮ȥ 
óһ޵֮£ȴһĪĸоΪԼ賢ȥ 
ȻԪƵС󣬸оԼͻȻһ壬ΪһصĴڡԼϵԭȴδʧԼתƵڵԪǸƶԼӵȫͬԪǼ໥ܲɷֵһ壬һ֮ĸо 
оԼԭıȣκس̶Ȳͬ⣬涼ͬеĸ 
µľʩչʥԲԼͬĴСΣ 
һԿĴǾȣһģһϵëﶼʵ廯ɣɱԴʥɵ֮ԣ˸ѴԺŨ̶ֱǼ 
뵽һ⣬ǰ˵мأʥ鴫ߵĹΪﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬱ѱҲ˵ӵ˲֮ΪָԼȫɣһ˵ҪԼǱֻ*ǿһٽԼȫɢʱֻҪԪҪƾվۼ޳ʵҲ£ҪظǰĹΪȴҪǳõʱѣ˲֮˵ 
ʱⲻִ֮ǲͬԼ壬ȫͬԼ屻µԿڶʱڣľﵽǰΪʵ壬Լ¾ѣɰǧҲ⣬ǸһԼﻹױ 
뵽һܴĿԣǱԼԺʥ鹦ٶȣԼ⾧ʯ֮ڸʥ鹦뱾൱֮ʱٽںϣԼԺʥ鹦ٶȽʲô 
ȴûʱȥⲻ˼֮ںΪһ󣬽ԼղŶܵú֮¸˻壡 
ʵղƳԪһ֮ʱ岢ֻ֪ΪµóȫͬΣһ˵ⲻ˴𾪣ʥ鹦ʱղ̫֮Ҳֹʱ䣬ôʱʽߵķ룬ǳȻЩܵת䣬ЩתֻǶЩ˼ܶԣıԾһ࣬һϽԼ࣡ 
忪ʼԼܶʱ;ȥоʥ鹦ڵĿԣʵǼЦ֮£Լʥ鹦оӦ˵Լ˼ţǼȻʥ鹦ڱȫб书ҶҲ޷ƵĶԣЩ޷о֮£ԼȴҪöʥ鹦ео˽⣬ȥҳЩδֱɣⲻǼЦ֮𡭡 
˼ϽͻȻֵܺҲָǰƽȻ΢ЦŴϻ˼߰ɣǵȼˣ 
ҵȽԻֳЩ 
졢Сѩ˼ͻ壬ͬʱʵϴû°ɣɣղôˣղų˺£ʥ 
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Сѩ͵֣ȴװһģҪȥˣ㵽ʱҪôĵˣҲ֪ҪʲôʱܽʱѩҪΪ㵣ˣСѩ˵һڴĿ 
ȻСѩ֮⣬ԼҲСѩֿȥĿΣأСѩڹǳԼһͬأ 
˽СѩѩҪˣȥǲΣɴӦСѩһƽƽ㣬Ҵȥǻ跨ΪҵʥװĲϣʱ˳װһͬɱˣ 
ʵСѩȻǳһͬǰǣҲ֪Լȥ˺󣬲ܸκΰΪصۣղ˵֮Ҳǽ˵˵ѣ˵֮ϲѣ 
СѩռҲ˺ܳʱѵǴĿռ֮ڣڿ˼Ϊһѹǿʥ鹭һ׷ǿʥװҲСѩܽռѵϷҪԭ 
ڵ֮ʱʥ֮ʥ鼯Ŷһֱڷǳľ棬޷ɳ̽ѰϡпʹûռƵණ޷ʵлԭ죬СѩʥװȻҲԭȱ֮У 
СѩһֱϣԼܰﵽæһ𲢼սǿУȻЩ뷨ȴԼΪ̫ǳ޷ʵ֣ 
ԼռʥװҲڵǰԱ֮һɱҲ˿֮£ҲСѩ˵뷨ΪװĲϺ󣬷ǳϲԭˣ 
СѩǻϲǳȴСѩŲϡʲôʥװأСѩֻ춼һ𣡲㶼˵ˣСѩڻصˣ 
С˼ȴƣĺˣҲȥ̫õģҲڵʱҪ໨ʱ 
仰ʱ䣬֮ڣ 
ڸղҷ֮£ֻ򵥵ἰԼһµܿ콫ת˲μ֮ȥˡ 
һж׼𣿡ԵĻʵ 
֮׼ڵĴĻָĻһɫķɴϴ㿴Ϊ㸰Ƶʥ콢ȣС˺ܶ࣬ȴŨõĸֶƼͨľʯھֺսʿڽ׼ʱԳ 
˵ֿŴĻһΪϴǼĵս̺ƣһЩȴֻΪ֮˲ãеս˸죬еڶУϴȥȥǵ;в鿴 
ͷãǰƻԴƼʽ֣򲻵ѣܱ¶ǵݣﻨǺǼһؽʱǵж 
ǼӶæͷӦǣ 
ֽŲǵͨѶԣܹǵͨѶݣȴű˸ŻжͨѶĿԣȻֻֿʥ٣쳣ǿĿƼƻ֮ʱŻ֣ߺ󣬻뽢ͨѶһֱӣһ뽢ʧȥϵζǿУʥ鼯űս״̬ǽԮȣ 
˻֮ԣԵôУǿĵˣǰ𵽶ã˵ҪٵǵĽܣҪȫȴ£ţ뽢ʧȥͨѶϵȫתƵ׼ǿǻصʥǰʥϵȫ湥ʥ鼯ţԶĸȫ泷룬ǵʱǻϣ 
ǣϴ󡭡廹˵Щʲô 
ǿӲĴϵö˵ˣ 
˻֮ʱһǿϢڲԾдڱŷ˳֮Ϣ¶ƽСѩʱҲҿ԰ 
æԼѹֵϢȥվڵʱˣ졢ǼӣǳɣûȥΪղ֮֮˱ʾǸ⣬ҲûжԸղ˵֮ٲʲôΪ֪ЩǶģҲţԸ֮ʱһǵѡ 
Ǽæ߳ȥҲ˳ȥ 
ͣڰ칫Ͽգ˺ܿɵĵ½ڴ̹ͣŽ˼ֶԺ˫۵Сѩһ󣬲Ŵǻؽʥڣ 
ڵսʿȫǿƼսװ磬ɫǹս 
˽뽢ںָȨȫ죬ԼȴǼһͬȥװ⣡ 
Ǽӻ˻ΪƵĵװһս󣬱ȥ 
ǼֱܷüͷԼΪʵҪܷҲ£ôһ鶫ڣЩŤΪϼƻҲֻΪˣ 
ֿ׻һ׵ĳϣ 
ε˻飬ӦòкܶȥװɣͨѶƶˣĴΪۣʽҲˣԼЩ̫ĳ۲ȤһйͳĳܴԼݣ 
Լķǳ⣬׵ĳǻ𳤵ĳټκλڵȻϢĸһַǳƮݵĸо 
ȥҪѵʱ̫׼Լװʼϸлµϣ 
ЩϼʥװⷨԼװսܣ 
ڵ֮ǰЩиȫ˽⣬ʱҲԸĽеã 
ĳǿЩƷӵϣҲֻȥ˲һСʱȫգ 
Щȫ˽ҲԻ֮пرǻ彫صľʯԭõ˽ֵװϣѣ 
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ʥս˾ʯԭĹڣʹò֮˿ֱʯͨڷȥεĹڷ֮Ҳȫûеȴܵʱ֮ҹҲû˾ƣԽڵ󻯵ķӣ 
ǼӳȥûãֻصװңĶʥѵ˻ϵ֮⣬ǽӣǺܿɵִﻨǣʥȥǰտ 
ЦǣǿԾãȥٺͼٵʱ䣬;ԾԶֻҪ˲ѣ߰ɣȥǰտ 
ʥǰҲҽĿƺģڵ豸ƣԿЩӵĿʩڸһ֮У 
ձȫɵ͸ƣӲڿԷǳĿ龰 
ľ޴󽢴ֱЩЦԼôûЩСһƽ󣬲뵽Լĸ֮ҲһЩƽ⣡ 
Զһ޼ʵĵɫĻ̾ƶϼһﻹǴֱʰȻֽϵ 
һЦʲôֱʰǵ͵˷ԴôĻҪپʯ֧Űʵüֵ󣬴ÿѣǸϼһϴλͰ͵˵ϵԴΣ˷ѷûΣŹأ 
ֻЦЦûʲôۣŽü⼸սôһֱߣ 
ЩƵĵ⻹Ϊ˿ǽ̫СһսûУûɳսǻˣ 
ܿ죬ʥڼսĻʻ˻̫ڵӿڽ˶Խӣ 
ٴζκ鶼ȫΪغ󣬲ŴǼӳŶԽӿȥ 
ǼӴʱսֳǹȫǱ׼ĿƼװ䱸 
Ǽ߹ĶԽͨһĴ֮ڣڴʱмɳӭԱȺͣһС͵˷ɴ 
ӴԱ˴ͨ߳æһͬӭȥΪ׵ĽӴԱ֮ӭʥǵʥºͻٻǣλ롣 
ͷʾǼһǼרΪ׼Сɴ 
ӴԱҲ˷ɴһͬУɴʻ̫뻨ں󣬽ӴԱʵʥȥ¥ֱȥ᳡ 
δ𣬷ʵ鼸ʱʼ 
ӴԱæӦ鿪ĻнСʱңչʽ˻鿪ĻǰĲλ۵һ𣬽һЩʽĽۣ˴ε˻鵱ȻҲ⣬·˵Ļ᳡ָʽĽ᳡ 
˵ͷǱֱȥ᳡ɣ 
ŷɴرԽԽӴɼĸߴڵ֮ϣ˸ɫĻľиʥҲټľ޴ľ⿴ȥĽɫ֮һ㣡 
಻Сɴڸ֮䣬һֺǿĿƼУֲʧŨŨ̬Ϣȫûһ˿ҵ̻֮ζ治Ϊģ 
ӴԱһ·ˣνӺŽ뵽˻᳡ڣ֮ȥ 
״βμĴ;ۻᣬҴ˴вλʥ鼯źһЩ⣬ӵʮǧоڵ龰һۻᣬһθ߲ε罻ƻᣡ 
ۻ᳡ǳ֮ҲǺ֮ܶ࣬ȴǳԵķֳ󲿷֣󲿷ˣִСŵľһ໥̸Ц 
ĵһ£Լĸ֪ɨȫֻһ˲֮䣬Գ˽˸ţ 
һȻе֮ˣЩʵ̫ԭûвμӴ˴λ飡 
ڳߵĻǸͳߣԼǵ֮˺ͻұߵļǿƼ֮ˣҲڣ 
⵽Щ֮ˣʲôݣźǿʵر֮ˣΪ֮˶ֶ߳࣬վһȴ˭ǵӡ 
Щ֮˵ʵǿڵĻҲֻܶԼǰǼӹвˣõҲ˿ 
Щ˵ĸʵͨ̽飬Ƽ֮ˣȴѴ״бǵĿƼʵЩȴʮ⣬һ治ս˸ɼܣ*ʵ̶ֳȵĵǼӶܱˣ 
Ƽߵһ֮ȴĺע⣡ 
һŻ۵ˣǳĳϣװӦΪĳĵȨߣֻڽһСǰеƷűƣվȫװĻӣ볡Ⱥһ̸Ц֮ԵЩ룡 
עĵȻֻЩĻԵĿƼ˴磬Ƕżǿʵȳǿ令ҲضãȻǶԼϢطصķǳ֮ôӹ̽⣡ 
ƶδڳڳ֣ҲӴԼȻҲҲ֮ˣǼӳ˵̨ȥ 
˽ۻ᳡֮ʱҲкܶע⵽ǵĵ໥ȫȻʶԶֻ΢΢ͷʾ㲻ǵľٶ 
Ǽߵ̨ǰòĵʥ鼯֪ܷͬ 
˽֮ʱע⵽о̲صֶضȻϢֱ˴󲻼򵥣ԼԴ˵ȴһƬհףɻѣ 
ʱԼͬԾ֮ҲڰϲվЦԭʥǵʥ£ 
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Եȡ˱ƣ΢ЦŶδ̸ǡ 
ǹ񣬺ܸʶ˵곯˾Ʊ 
ʶöҲ֮˵Ƚ֮һɶ 
ƹ󣬶Ц֪֮䣬ʥ鼯ѳ̸Ҳ׵ķ 
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ЦǶΪ𾪣ȡӦ֮ʱЦȴԵüΪˬʣ鶼ôȻǼӶڶ治ѣ 
ЦҲʵ̫һλŮ߿һۣȻžƱ˹ 
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Ϊǹͳ֮ˣû뵽ȴֻǸӣֻһ 
ʱ˸ŮЩɻһۻᣬѵЩͳμ˻飬һѼҾУʽľۻ᳡໥飿 
δʺãѿʥǸǸصʥ 
ʵ֮һʱڿ죬˵˻估ʱ˹Ҳ֪Լʧˣ̫Ȼĳ΢΢һЦʾǸ⣡ 
û뵽Լţ˵֪ȣںЩЦұʥǵֻû뵽ԼȻҲضϵһ𣬺Ǻǡ 
ΪΣתעĶԶǹλ֮⣬ʱɶܴǹμӻ飬λʱҲԶ˰ɣ 
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æǸʧˣȴǲΪȻ֮⡣ 
һԽǵ̸鶼ĵףԷ̽˵ĹڻܣȻˮ©Ľ˻ȥȴҲԴ̸вµǹĻڲӦһλ֮ĺϷλƽεεĴŮҲӦλ̫򵥵Ľɫ 
λԳУʱַʲôҪ֮ˣվҴҸ󵽶¥һϣʱܹ͹⣡ 
˵Ҳδ𸴣ֶ˵λģʧˡ˵곯ȥ 
ףԼܹñ˿۵ıֻоʯ󴬣ԼǰȥҲӦйأԼԶǽĵ۾һ֪Ƕ¥ںδҲ֪ʱôԼ 
ƿʲôЦδ¶棬Ǹ£ĶСԼֻǸʼѡ 
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Ц˵ڲϵǺ˽Ⱑ 
æʵʥ鼯Ŷ϶һƬհףǼ˵Ҳʱ䣬μӴ˴ڵĸ߼飬ֻƶΪЩףǹλѣǴλĿҲΪ˶и˽ʶ 
ɻĵѵʥ鼯ż֮ʱƶûڲĳԱϣԼ˵֯ϣ 
ҡͷЦһС߳ʥǵĻҲǲ࣬ЩʵҲʲãƶҲ 
γҪЩϣƶ˼ɲ˽˵ϸϣҲͬƶҪϣⱻϺ꿴ʲô˵ֵҲһõĶ 
˼һشƵĿڵƶҲĵҪҿԴǹ͸һ꾡ϵϣȻڲԱ֯ϣ 
ȷЩ⣬֪ʲôȻðſƶΣգʥ鼯ע֪кĿģ 
ɫصĶԵˣ 
ˬʵЦ͵ǹ͸ŵһССɣϣԺܳΪѣ 
סЦֽŵЩ̫ӴҪǽ͵ 
뵽ԼҲȷʵ̫ҪЩϣ˴Ƿ飬ԺҲһ᳥мĵǾͶлˣʥ鼯ԺһΪѺͻ飡ЩϣֱӴ͵ҵͨѶڣҲҲģXXXXXX 
ɵ˵Ц˰ɣ͵΢ͨѶպʹ洢 
Цһԣ 
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ҲЩļ֪˵֮ǷŪ飬һֵͨѶ´һ󣬶ЦڽϵΪϣԴƬ̣ 
˵껰һֱעĶ뿴Ҫʲôһ춯صͨѶȥЩϡ 
һС󣬶ЩʧΪյϢǱߵѾʼַָͣǰûκζ΢ЦıҲ˿ı䣬öȷԶǹⴵ꣬ҲĿʱĹ˲٣ 
ͨѶӹϣڽյͬʱһЩҪֲһ飡 
ڶӵϴϵϢ֮ʱҲͬʱڸпĵϢҪû뵽ϵڻ˶ڲҲ˸ӵĹϵܶ鶼ǰƲҪӵĶడ 
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źܶͬϵڵĳԱЩǿϵ֮£ǹڸϵ££һֱֲκϵĳȻ͸ܿɹˣ 
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ǻԼ˵֮˵һעǹµõϢ 
¿Ǵʧɫѹ֣΢ԣ 
ΪӵԣҲǴԭģǹһηż֮ʱҵһЩõĿƼϣͬʱҲҵһݱһֱżеļأ 
ݼбἰһЩǳȽĿƼһǳ΢СľƬ޾ϣ龧ƬűͨԸ򱶵ͷ־ƬŶκδͱ仯Ԥֲ뵽ͨ˵Ĵ֮ڣֲ־Ƭ֮˵ĴԣԹƬڵԴ־ƬЩƼ˳֮Ϊ΢ԣ 
𾪣ҲǳԻżҲ޷ĳƼôܳϵһ쵼أ 
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ĽͣҲƽȻĶԾɳʶ룬Ǹ˼΢ȣҲ׽ࡣ 
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һȻûԼʧͷҲд⣡ 
ͬ⣬תͷԸһȥ׼ 
һ뿪վòĵ룡 
󣬴Ǽӳȥ 
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ȶ˵꣬Цſڵ֪¥ô£ڴ̫֮ʱȴȥԼĵˣڵãԼƺǶٶ֪ 
ֻ֪˵Ц֮ԣֻЦ˼δӿ˵ʲô 
仰䣬ѴһС͵֮ڣҲһֱڶԣǼӵȻҲ뿪ң 
һ£㿪ڵǵʱ䲢̫࣬ھͽɣ 
ͷǣ֪·ŵкο 
ɫ֮£ȷΪǹ޴ޱȵĺôһʱҲ˽ܣ֤Եʵԣǲܼ⣡ 
׼˼Ŀڵ΢ԵĲϣҪɶϡԪغϳɣЩԪصȱһֱԵ֮ȴ޷Ҫóһ֤Ҳ޷쵽֮£ 
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һ˫ĿŹĵ֪ҪչʾǺεȽ֮ 
΢Цŵ֪ǿĵ˷װãһ˵̶ֿȵ 
֪ΪԼչʾ֮Ϊһǿ˷ĿƼƷƷ΢ͬȼʵüֵԱй֮޲ 
΢һ˼ǿƼˣܹǷþʯʵ֣ʵܹʹǿȴ洢ʹС֮ʣһķװҲ޷һ̨ǹĹҲǿƼ޷˽еսԭ򡣡 
˿һֱޱĻֿڵҿһλȫֹӦԵֵʮ̨ǹɣ 
һֹ񣬾ĻҲ¶˼֮ɫ 
ȻֱԼ˵ܣʱֱ˵˳ҶǵʵҲ˾ȷһʱҲⲻڿ̤ǰס񣬲ǼӶ¶˼ǿĽ䱸֮ɫ 
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ԼЩͷЩ飬Ǳ˶Ȼֻȥֽ֮ƣԷ֮ƣ 
ʾ˻ȥ󣬿֪Ϊ 
ҲסЦɫ֣֪̽º͹µʵֻΪʥ鼯ĳЩǹȽѣ̸֮޹أ֪ڿɷŵĻ⣿ 
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ŵҷŽµʵǹȽϣֻΪչʾһĸ߿Ƽװ 
Ȥֱϸһü֪ڻϵʹǱƵģ 
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ȻԼ̽һڱʧӰ٣ּĽ̽⣬ҲԽԽǺεĻ֣ȻȫڶڵҪҲԿ϶ǣķ־֮磬ʹǰҲԼʵ뷨࣬ͬʱҲʥ鼯ȷʵӵв˼ĳƼʵ 
ڿĿЩӣԼڶǹԲ²⣬ȻֻǵΪǺ΢֪ԣһʱʵĽֻգ 
ָһԿȱĵطǼӵվмȥװķȫ 
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磬׻κʥӻɣĹֻᱻƷյܽ乥ƣǼĻףǻ΢;ʯԭƶɣȫ󣬾һСҲ̶ֳֺȵҲ֪ 
ԹȻ֮ɫʵͰǰʲôɶ仳أ 
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ĿŶ³֣Դ 
Դǲ⡣ 
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һϲСӹڹȻ˵ͷϣСӵҰҲǲСҲԼ֮⣡ 
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Լ˼ͬԼæڵʥ´ɷģҴ˴ܴǹǰμ飬֤ܶණڹӵһΪԼأŹڵʹͿƼзǼĺᱻ֪ 
ҡͷֻҪǽȫ踽һ 
Ȼ¶ҪԼʥ鼯źδĴ㣬ʱҪøӰģʵʲô 
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ɫ䣬䱸ĵǹĻڶ 
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΢ЦͨѶַ룬Ѿⶨһڵĳƻھʹ㣡 
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Ǽ˷֮ɫʵ˵ʲôĸ 
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ڻȻ˻鱾֮Ļ飬ԼЩСμӻ飬ֻǵһǵĻѣ 
ʱɴѵ˾ۻ᳡⣬´ǰѵղǾ֮̽£һȥ˭ΪǰҪֵĶ̫磬֮ĺܽУҪ˿ʲô 
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ʱۻ᳡ˣǰҲٲ˶٣ЩԾڳڵˣȫǸλ֮˺ͻ 
˲λ֮˶ܽ룬ǼӺͶҲֻھۻ᳡ˣǽӴ֮˽Ͷ͵Ҳȥ 
ܴ󣬲λȴֻаٶЩǳķֳߴ󲿷֣϶ĵȻڵϵֻ˼˵Ĳֱһûмκϵ 
һţ㷢ϵǱߣʮɾԼ̽ЩУȴûһ뷽ڹ¥ľƵģҲûпĽʥǱ˳ȥ׷̽Щ̽ԼľԴ˳̽Щ˵ĵϸ 
ӶУѲ֪Щǿ쵼ߵòЩ̽ԼľУҲϵ죬ӦòʵЩɻǰ̽¥ľԲκһѵ⻨ϻиˣ 
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˵֮ƶΪߵִй٣ϵ쵼֮ˣʱпͬȻҲû˻κ飡 
ǼϵĴȥýӴƶѿڣҲ޻˵ֻ΢ЦĳƶǱȥ 
ƶǼĿ⣬ͻȻһ˳̽ȥ 
Ӵƶһֻ̣ƶɫ䣬˲ָֻ˵ȻЦݣ 
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תͷ˿Ծ΢ЦƶЦĳ嶯ϼһһѪˣȴҪ΢ЦΪˣ 
϶ƶǵ۹ϵԲƶһʥ鼯֮ģΪʥ鼯̫͸Ķı㹫һƼϵƼɿ˵Ǽ飡ԼϵһԸ鷳ˣοԼ֪̽ǼصܣҲ⻹ʵйأЩƶԼ󷴶˵ȥˣ 
Լڶ˳Ա˴ĹףԺٹһЩƼҲδ֪οԼԺ󻹻ʩԺƶҪԸԼ㲻ܾ֮ϵڵҲһ֧֣ʱƶõ㲻̫࣬Ҫʥ鼯ŻѸ֮ƣȻһϵ룡 
ʥϵڵľ͹ڣȫԾʯԭи죬ڻڽ쵽ڴпƵʥսʿҲǧ֮࣬ķƣƶܶõһʱṥƣοʥ鼯ҲǷǳ 
ǰƶһ죬Щ֮˵ʵ̫ǿڵƶʱ䷢ֶ׷ɱ֮ʱԼֵΪʥǴȥԵѣǰƻǺһе͵£Ҫ̫˵ע⣬ƶͻ 
˻Ǹۻ᳡ӶõϺڵˮƽҲֻǼӵнʱ൱Щ߶ԼǼӶʲôвװ˷͵սʿҲڵս֮ʱ֮ƶҲ֮½ɱ 
ѲԼ˵⣬ֻҪ˽ȫʹõЩ޴սٶ࣬ҲԼʧȥЧãЩ֮˵ΪʵҲ޷׷ϷٶȣܶԷˣ 
ڷЩ֪ڵϵϵ۸Ӻʼ跨һıƶԼ¶β͡ 
ڸϵ֮˶Ծһ𣬿ͨѶܷʽ֣ȫû˻ʽʼ˼ 
ЩҪЩһʱ䣬֮Σ֮ʱٸһ˷ܼ



ڰ ֮Լ

   ԶƶųʵһֻҪžˣⱻȡסǼĺԲκ֪һΪҴʥ鼯ŽΪṩʯ֮ʱһƼϣһҪڵһʱ̬ǵļƻзǳİ ȻĴ鶼ûıһ£ 
ֹ˼ӣʱˣִĵλһԣ 
һ䣬ֱĺܾ˵עּеϣΪҪʲô춯صĸ߿Ƽϣ 
ݣڵ·ϸһ£ڵļϵ˷ҽЩ촬Ϲ󣬺ĸλЩƽΪǸ󴬣ЩҲãҪʯҪƼѣҲӰ쵽ڵĵλΪǲܣΪλѴŵǸ⣬´ʥ鼯žԺ󽫾ʥ鼯ΪڵṩƷʯ 
ԼԹȻΪ˴˼𶯣ֽŵȻʹþʯƼȣʵǷǳ֮٣ʥ鼯Ŀǰ޷Ӧѵ裬ϣλƼѣʥ鼯һΪڵ£ 
䣬վʥ¹ȻȫǹҲϣΪʲô 
ã˹ȻҲһٳȫ淢չ֮ˣǰʥ鼯ǹһЩƼڱ㵱ѵ棬ͬǰ飬Ӿʹ½һ飡 
⻰ΪԼͬ¥˺ͣΪԺҵɣȴЩӳĿƼƲѣװʧȥʥ鼯һصĿƼĻᣡ 
Щ֮˶Լ¶м֮ɫһֿڵǹЭǽӦö⣬ϣΪṩһЩʣ⻹ΪǵĿ󴬽̵ƣȻǿпҲã 
ϵ໥һۣͬʱվڵвλһͨΪʥ鼯źǹṩ촬ΣԼʥ鼯źǹ󴬳뾧ʯ飬֪к飿 
˵֮ʱĿ⻷Ƽλвζʮ㣬Ҳѹǣ¿ǹϵԺڵĵλ⣬пƼΪṩƷʯǳüֵ켫Ʒ˽⣬ֻǿľʯﹻãմȥϵڵƼཫԽԽ˵ʧȥ֮أΪƼĸӵƷ 
ͶԴͬ⵱ȻӹɣƶȴƼϵȱ̬֮ˣҴͬ飡 
ʵƶ֪ԼҲûѡأ±ͨ򶨻ѣҾ˷ѣҲֹİµõ㹻ľʯȻˣԼ̬Щһ飡 
ƶѱ̬ϵڵĿƼҲ׷ױ̬֧֣ƼϵĴҲŶʾͬ⣡ 
˳ͨЩԵú˷ܣһϵмĶңлʥΪЩ֮֮£ϵĵط뾡ܿڣǶȫЭ 
ɫЩ·ľӦΪ֮£ҲлʵҲһ˽ġ 
ɻŶָ֪⣿ 
Ц˵ҲЦʵһֱĽֳĸʵϣԼҲܳΪһʵǿߣƼ˶и߼ܹ㷺ÿƼǽǸô֮£ϣʶѧһЩ䱾죡 
ۣȻҲмֵŹͷչʽϵĸ߼ĸֲűϵĳͻǰεĳ֤뷨ֻѣǶΪ֮뷨Ϊ䷽ʽȫ˽ɣ 
ҵȻȥԣܿ۵ȤҶȫ֮ 
˵ã¶ǰ̣ 
Ц»ӭ֮ 
ƶۼǿȥˣεĿڵһ˴˷ǳԶӰ죬ϵνڶʱγһԾҲΪһЩ׼Ҫϸ˼ܶණˣ飬˴ʱȡº¾У 
Ҷ֪޷ٿȥƶ鵱ȻҲ飡 
鱻ȡҲʼ˳Իȥ׼¾Ӧ֮ߣ 
ҵ󶼹𣬲ϵȥ 
ȥ֮ʱƶסҪʥ𣿡 
΢ЦǰӦ˶С룬ڻ󵽶¥һۣҪǹĶһЩ飬һʱ뿪ǣ 
ƶ˵ͷڰºڻ϶գкܶϸ̸ 
ƶ֮⣬Ҳ֮е£ˬĵͷҲд⣬Ժټˣ 
ƶԳȥھۻ᳡ҵǼӣе֪ȥ˹¥صȺԼ 
ҪԼǼǰ¥֮ʱ˽ǰòĵҸڶ¥֪ڿпУ̬ȣ֮ǰȷǺ˺ܶࡣ 
Ҳû̫鷳С·ɣ 
ǰһֱһ㣬ʥ鼯Ŷһ*żͻȻҵıԸδǰ游ԼҲֻ󴬼⣬֮ʱ̬ȺͷʽҲЩ 
⻹δʽʼǰ˻ʥ鼯ŵĿҲ˸ת䣬û˻Ϊʥ鼯ǸһǱһڸϵСȴÿÿŵľ棬Ӱ˵ƣСʱʱڣʥ鼯ѳ˵¹ 
ԼǰܾӦԼڼˬ죬æӭСɴ 
¥ڻĵĶ棬ⶫ¥Ƕڻ޽˽أ޴Ĺׯ԰Ҳϵڻϵľۻ᳡ 
Ǽ¥֮ʱϵЩ춼ѾһڣǶĵЩ⣬Ǹеˣ뵽ԼϵϵڵӰҲؽ 
Щ˼򵥵ӦһǼӴһ侲֮ڣ 
⾲ڣֻǼӺˣǼվޱ顢һԲ 
˼󣬸пĵôֱʣ㲻һֻ֦ظƽ⣬ڵӰЩνϵ찡 
װŲĵʩΪֻ֮ǰľʧƽ˺Ĳȣ˵µľһ֦ľƻظƽ⣬Ǻε֪ڵش߶ϵͬ鶨һ֦֮˵ 
ã̽ĵԼڵ˾Ʊ仯˽⣿ 
ʵµǰ֮¶ȫ˽⣬ҺӸһЩڵϺҲŶ˽ṹһЩϴĳԱЩ˽⣬Щϲδᵽ⼸ڲкش仯 
˵ֵ꣬ʥ鼯⼸ڣƶ˵Ļȥ˰ɣ 
ü⻰˵ˣʥ鼯Ϊ쾧ʯ󴬣ڵĳ 
Цڲȱ˽֮Ϊ˵ֵǵ۹֣Ķ෽ͬˣ˵ʩʽƣҲ˸Աɳִͬϵڵ඼뵽Щ顢ͬ˻֮ʱķ磬Ҳϵԭ֮һֻһͬˣһԵͳȨʹúܶ޷ΧЧʩУҲڶԿ֮ʱ˺ܶΪսĿ 
ͣҲδȥ廰¶е飬ȴ˵ȥ 
רעҲǳ⣬ǾôĶսУڸǳκ޷ֿǽӵǿҹֻеڵľγһ󣬲ЧĵֵУȥԱĽޣ˱Ϊ˳ԱĵȨǵ۹սһֱ޷˽֮ǾĪȥ䲻֪ͻȻ˳ϵԭҲ֪ʲôʱǵȥΪṩ˾õĽʱյ˻飬һѡ۵Ļ飬ľѾóƶΪƶˣ 
˵֮Щ⣬˻ĺݣԭΪѡһεӴۣ˻ȻϵĻ飬ҲȶԴ˺֪ 
ѽĻ³˸ţȴδ˵ʲôֻʾ˵ 
ӴϵвҲȻ֮£ƶȴõſ֮ھѡλϱλϵ춼࣬ƶɶԴЭ鶨ƶμӵ۹һδۣҲƶ£϶ʥ鼯ѼƶϵûйƽǰѡƶΪۣ˭֪˻鿪ʼǰͻȻʯ󴬵Ϲ֮ڣҲֱʱʥ鼯Ųȫƶƶʧȥ˾ѡλľƣǵȻҲҪѡ¿ǣ˴ε˻Ҳֻܱȡ 
Ҳ˺ܶණҲǵ۹ͻȻȥٳ˽ٳƶƵۣ 
ƶʥ鼯ŵȫ֧֣ƿ˵Դ֣ټϵ֮ףִй٣˽δҲת֮£ 
ƶ̫ڳ£Ϊʥ鼯֪ڲĸӹϵԼ׼ѡ֮º̫໻ȡ󴬵Բڻǰʥ鼯˽ѡ۵࣬ʥ鼯ѼԼϵ 
ƶֻҪֹʥ鼯˻ǰϵӴȵԼελʱûתأʥ鼯ŵ촬ȫΪԼҲȻ֮£ 
˭֪ڻ鿪ʼ֮ǰ㵱һʯ쾪ľⲻƶʧȥ˼ѱĵλҲʧȥ˾ѡλƣοƶһЩܻ֣ƶʱںܱľء 
Ļ䲻ãһ޵ľ̽˽ƶľûȥ𣬶ǹɾǿ˳ȥڲһ硣ƶΪѱ֣ͬʱҲ̸ȥ 
˼˻ᣬյĶû뵽һССӰ죬ƶˣĿƼƶǻϯҲϵ죬û˾ʯԴĲٿҲڵ۹źܴƣϵƾʲôأ 
֪˸ճ֮ʱΪ˰˳ԱʵֿУƶҲ㣬ԼڵһЩȽƼóпƼ֮¶ϵƼչ˷ǳҪãҲΪƶӢľϺ쵼˳ԱһѡΪ˵ִй٣ʱĺܶֱ´ͨմȥƶ˽֮ʱελҲȻ֮¡ 
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ᵽƶԸ·ʽڳִйٺ˺ܴת䣬뵽ƶЩƶЩƲ⡣ 
ƶ˵Ĺȥ˽˵˳֮ǰͻȻʵ 
֪ΪЩһʣصĴҶͬʱϵڵĿƼǿ˳ǰһֱŰƶҲ˽ܣΪҶķչȷṩ˲ٰǰƶ֮ˣڣ 
˵֮ʱͨѶϵԶʥǵĻ壬ƶͻȻת䣬ԼͷǴܸ˻壬ϣܾ콫Щµͷ壡 
Ѿʼ룬ʱƶҲѲǵǸƶѾַƣڵƶֻǱ˵Ĺ߶ѣ 
ֿڵƶϵڵѶҲε¹Ҫ뾺ѡϵλ㲻ôˣƶˣϵҲѻõλǡ 
Ȼ˹ˣֻÿѯʲô 
ɫʥ鼯ȫĳһϵ 
Ц˵Цˣʥ鼯С󴬽켼Ҳ֮ˣкʸĳλϵϵλ 
ҲЦֺαعǫҲǵǺõĳЩϢžϹ֮ڵİɣȻʥ鼯ŸҽȽĿ󴬽ϹӦûְɣ˾ٲʹ˻鱻ڣͬʱҲʹ˳Աʥ鼯Ŵʥ鼯ڵӰᵽ˷ǳߵĳ̶ȣʥ鼯Ŵʱ̬ĳһϵǴϵƶ˿ջ֮ʱǰƶнȣϵҲ׷׹£ˣҺСŮһ˴ܻʧȥ̸Ļˣ 
ɫȻ͸Ҳֱֱ˵ˣʥ鼯Ŀǰ֧ĳϵҪΪӦǰС룬»Щ



ھ ƶ

   ̬֧κϵʱҲǿֻ˶Σˣڵк£ֱ˵ ĿڵڲʽҲ֪ĻҪӡΣĶ࣬·ŷּʱǵ̸ѱȫȥɴ˿㶫¥ڵϵۻỹкܿԣǾŵ֡ƶ˵ת䡢˱ȽЩн֮뵽һ 
֮ԣɫ䣬ЩҲɹͷʱܶิ֮ϵһҲ뵽˸ԣ˵֮Կƾݣ 
Īĵ¥űԾ֮̽£ȷʵҲòʲôƾݣ˵µһЩ룬Ҳɽ֮Ϊµĺпʱȥ˽һƶˣҲЩֺջ񣡡 
˵תͷһֱվǼӵϵӣ˹ǡ 
һֱϸϸƷζ˵֮ȥ֮⣬æڵ»к̣ܶβһᣡ 
վʥ鼯СʵΪʲôսϹҲϣڵĳԱܿʵӦǵ۹ʱĽģԤܲһڳ־ޱ䣬ǾͻȻٴ֮ʱó׷Ҳϵɽѣʥ鼯ڱҪ֮ʱҲȫԾڴˣȸˡ 
˵꣬Ǽӳȥȴ˳˼֮У 
һ·Ӧϵ֮ˣ¥֮ʱܴȺ 
˷ɴɴŶԶǾͲȥ¥ˣڻϿתȦȻȥļƶ 
Ի´󣬱ȲĿڵʥΪҪ󴬼֮ڣƶأ 
켼ڣҲڽʱģеԭкܶ࣬㲻ǻʧȥھʯԴϵƣǻԲɼƷľʯƶżΪʵһ£Ҳڽ֮ʱ̽ãһʱϹԭ֮һҲΪתЩ֮˵ע 
˵ԲɼƷʯ֮ʱ㽫۾ϴ󣬺Ļûȥһ䣬æֿڵƷϼľʯ̫ˣǹ 
˼΢ЦҪþʯѣؼã䶼ܹڲúôƷʯҪЩԽǰƷľʯȫã⻹Ҫ̵ʱ䣡ǹڸǽƼ̶ȫǻȡЩĿǰҲõľʯȵǹƼˮƽչһ̶Ⱥʥ鼯ŶΪṩƷľʯ 
ϸ֮Ҳмĵڴ˴ǹлʥˣ 
ʵǹж֮ˣ 
Ͼ˼ĵʮǶµܾųԱ¼ΪأҸҲ˿֪ 
üͷΪǹڶ֮ˣû뵽ȴֻʮֵ֮ҵЩ֮˶ǶܾսʿǹļƻҪһˡ 
ܾŵսʿʵĻΣʵ 
ΪζԼЩǼսûɶõ⣬ȻѯҲֻæЩսʿʵ൱µҲǴѡģ 
룬٣ȴǼʥ鹦ǰʵܽǽЧãҲܳΪֵǵ۹´ֵǿ 
ڶƺ󣬿ڶԶһͬʥһۣ֪Σ 
ϲ֮ã 
񲢲мӺ֮ģΪǰչʾһЩʵҲǳţʥ鼯žҪǹҲ׾֮£µĶأ෴ڶȥʥǣʾĺ⣬ҵһΣҲһǳ֮¡ 
ͷȥƶɣ 
ܿ죬ɴ㽵ĵĹ㳡֮ϣȷɴͣȺǼӵڷɴϵңƶַһڵһʱ֪ͨ㣬ʱһҪٶȴŶϣΧң 
ǼֶԶɴѱҲ˻֣аһ£ҳǱ㷵ʥǣ 
˵´ȥǰ˵Ⱥ֣æӭ˽ȥ 
ƶһǰ΢⣬һҺҲʡ˵ĵƶԣ 
û뵽ƶҲҪԼ¶βҲԼ֮⣬װžȵĵˣҲ󣬲֪˻壬и˱ʥܻĴһΪʵ£û뵽ȴƻ˴˵ļƻ㽫˾ƺͽĿĸ£Ҳᷢˣ 
ƶʾɫԻĵ˼⻹ҵĲˣ㣬ǹŹֵķ̽ʲô 
æҲǲС̽鵽˴˵ĳΪԼһЩֵѣ 
ƶѲµ𰸣ʱⲻЩ𾪣ֿڶһʥ鼯Ҳ֮ڣ֪Σ 
ƶѽ˵ϣҲװȥ¶΢Ц²ͬ⣬ֽأ 
ƶȻˣŪԼòᣬԼ߳ңССʥ鼯ܱס𣿡 
ûȥƶ˵֮ǴҵȷǲƼĲɣ֮ƴһҲ˿𻵣Ҳᱻɣ 
Ī̬֮ƶһ˿ǣݵĵ㻹мּʶı£Ҳ˵أ 
ƶδ䣬㵯ָȥһ֮ 
Ĺ죬̶ֳȵĻҲûƾⳤȫȻתһȵƶаЦƶҲ̫С˰ɣǴվҲὫο㣡 
ƶǴ󾪣䱸ʵ㻹֪Щʲô 
δ𻰣ǲ֪ͳһ֧΢ǹƶЦһֱ˶ΪƼеսʿ޷սʿսȴôΪҾεĲҪģƶӦʵǿˣ֪ܷСŵǹһһ˵ƶȥһɫ 
ƶóһСǹԼһ󽲵ֱһЦԷǵĸоȵǹڵĻ֮ʱȴЦˣ֮Ҳܣæȫסǰ 
ֻһ죬ƶ˳ȥֱǽϲͣסΣ޴ػҲѪѪɫڻʧӰ٣ 
ʵõǹ⵶ûɣƶȥĿһΪסƶһԼȫ*ȽĿƼйļ 
ƶסκ⵶óһѱȸղŸǹƶû뵽ƶ˵ʵȻӲ΢ǹһ֪ǹһǷȻӲ 
ƶð֪ƼеԽ󣬹ԽǿǴһ﷢УԼﻹڣæȱǹл˵ 
ǹЦͶʵʥƶ㾮ˮˮʲô̸̸αҪأ 
˵ɫһĳϵڸʲôҲܣ㷸ʥ鼯ŵͷǰ̫Ϊ㱣ܣҲٴξ𣡡 
˵㳯յĽȥߵǰʱֻãһصĽűϢĻһ󶴣δͣĳŶȥ 
ƶĿЩйĿԶȥıӰһʱôأԼǿһʸûУֻһ֧΢ǹ㽫ԼˣԼطɵĳǿϽңڱǰҲֻȶӲôһ㣡 
ƶعԲģ뵽ֻǻһǿװԼǱƭ˹ȥðһԡ 
вƶĻᣬȴȥڵͻȻʧȥƶǾƱؽңܻǵ۹ȫ֣ 
Ҫƶһ֣ʥ鼯ʵǳǿ󣬶ҲԤƶϵ֮µļͬʱҲҪ׵ʥ鼯ţΪʥ鼯ٴȡһʱ䣬Ҳܸƶһεѹļƻʹʵͼ¶ʱô˶Կǵ۹ʵҪȥƶҲ׾֮£ 
صɴöֱʻ̫ոۣͨѶս׼ 
ƶŷ֮һ֪ϴɫأ̲סʵʲô𣿡 
ɿĵʲôҲʣ˽˵ 
ڿЩƶڲһеûϿյķϵͳСɴйǼӿǿܹԱɾˣļƻУʧȥ˶úܱһʱȥѰһ 
ʵһͬȥɴ*ʵȥ̫ոϣǱ̫ע⣬ԺļƻӰֻ÷ɴĽ͵̫ո۵Ľ 
ֻ仰򣬷ɴ̫ո۵ʥ˿Զ÷ɴԶȻٷػϵĹ¥֮ϵ֮ˣڷɴǹлʣҵĽ 
񲻽ĵʥǺأ 
Ŷ̤ʥ˵ȥһͣ 
㲻⣬ĻȥˣʮԼֱ޺Լ֮ģ 
մŶ߽֣ӭ˹ϴ󣬳ʲô£ 
ʱڴ󶨣ڵʥǣ·ֽͣ໥ܣ 
̤ʥ󣬱һֱ̾ѣ⽢濴ôҲСĿȴޱȣ쳣ֱһ̫ей 
ûκθӵĻеʻҲκνӦеĻʻָһĻ칫ңʵĽμʻġ 
ҲûĶԶʲôղԼƶ䷢֮£ԼԼĿ˵˳ 
ٷԭǣȻԼʥأĻֻܳΪʥ鼯ŵһԱѧʥ鹦Ϊʥ鼯һԱ֮ǰǾ޿뿪ʥǣϵҲȥĶй¶Լܣ 
ʱȴ֪Щֻоϣʥ鼯ڵһЩ֮ҲҲǼΪ֮ˣĻһ㿪ڵʥ˵˼˵ƶܻܿսǵĽй 
ͷƶҲôģ 
񼱵ǿǺãûսӦսΪǻɣ 
ЦֵǻսֵܵʮҡҡǧҴսĽ𣿡 
һ㶣һ㶲ֹΪĳƺΪİ׳⣬Сͻܵס֧ӵĽأ 
׳հ֮ȴʥ鼯ŵҲܲ𻰣ֻü˵ĵȻܣ 
ǻиã켸ͻڶĵ 
ûѪһʱﲻ֪˵ʲôźãҲȥݱһ٣뵽ǼӺǿֲټڱ˵ĵ֮ϣԼûҲֻȥ 
һҲΪѹЦŶͰ˿ЦЦ̫֮棡 
ɫ˹ֽŵģƶҪ;ǽйҲֻΪٴ̽ǵʵܶһ֧ͽӣҾһ֧ӣǧսܶʥ˿ˣ 
Щͷʥ鼯ųĿƼһеͨôֵܵǧսȺĽأ 
δʻΧʻڵĴĻϱʾһƬڵ㣬˾ע⣬ע⣬ǰֲսȺǰֲսȺ 
Цƶ漱ȻԼĵ϶֣ɿĶֹͣǰܷȫ 
Ӧʹ£ȫſڵЩӦǻ˵ı߷ӣϴ㿴ô棿 
ɨһ۴ĻڵǵﻹҪʱ䣬Щս϶ʵʱӰϵͳƶҲһţǾһϷ 
˵ӲǵĵһֹȻξܹ乥̳峡Ҫһս 
ЩţǶ֪Լһ˼ǼսһͨһȺսս 
Ļ䲻ã͸ʻǰ͸ֱڣۿɿԶһȺСڵ㣬ת˲ɵʥǰ׵ĵطͣ 
Ⱥս֮࣬սȺͣº󣬳ʿĵİʥңңԳ֣ 
ʱ˿ǽŵҪǰսһι䣬һŽҲ˲ʧԼʥҪʲôķֵܵסǵ乥أ 
ǼӶǰ龰˿ģǷǳľʯܻ֣Ǿʯܹʲôרʥ˵ƼʥҲǻ徫ƵģϵĿս 
ȻϣǰսȺźκ󣬱ͬʱսڣʥٹʥǰ۳һţޱȣ 
Ŵʥǰʮ״ֽܻӴʥڹڻлʱ΢΢𶯣ȴҲ˿𣬶ᵽɤӵҲ 
ʥǰ֮ȼһ޴İɫ̻ۿɼɢ˳ȥ 
Чǳ⣬ֿڶıѾˣǵıݻƶɣñһ¹ˡ 
⣬˾ܹڡ 
һöĿɿڴʥĹͨսźֻܴͨԹʽһһĿꣻʥĹȴ׶ΣշʱֻкСһԽǰԽȻǶһƬĿйȫ߸˹˶ 
Ⱥս󣬱ٵĳɢȡʱ䲹˭֪ûȫɢӭǳЩսķ̶ֳȵȷ̫ãʱɵΧս⣬󲿷սһ֮ʣ 
첻ĵôһδأϴ㿴ô죿 
ЦʡʣЩӬ̳ȥ¸ķɣ 
׼̳ȴͻȻ뵽ʲôĶϴ󣬺ٺ٣Ҳȥ棬ʥʱ˼ӹһ°ɣ˵Ҳͬ⣬㳯װǱ߷ȥ 
ɲĿʵѵʥҪԵȥԸս 
ͷЦԵȴô£Ȼῴ֪ˣ 
̷ȺһʥڷɳֱǰЩڹ²дսȥ 
Ⱥ÷Сս˼ѾЩľˣԼҪȥ룬ҲҪȥεĽѵֻ֤˷Լϸ 
Щ̷սСһ㣬Щսոսڷ䣬ʱڶδɳܣֻԸڹЩ 
սĸڶ̷йҲڴ죬а׼ͷЩ̷ֻһϸСֱӻһҾ޴ս 
սӺܿʤ̬սϮսȺһѣ 
սʿصʥʵսѾˣʥʼ٣׼пռԾ 
úʥ˵ʥϵ⣬ȴδֱӽϵʥأǳϵһ˻ʻȥ 
ԾеʥսʿڽϣǼӴŶԼµ˻ǵ֮ϡ 
˵Ļ֮ϣǳĿʵʥˣ˵أǺ⣿



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ָǼӶԶǰԾһߣǰʵһҲ޼ 
һٴηǼϷ̽Ӻ¶ʥ֮Ծ޻֮ģҲȷʵ˵˿ 
ͷӿ֮£⼸Ĺйأ˵Ŀ֮һҪӿ֮ڵĹ 
ٴɻʥҪùǰһչʵ 
תͷǼӵȽϵװ 
ȻֶԶҸղ˵ǰΪĻ޼ҵԴķʽһ£Ҳɽ˿ڵΪ仯 
ĵ֮ɫֿڵģұ֤˫κˣ 
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֤˫ȶиԷˣҲֻӦսҲ뿴ʥ鼯ŵ书Щʲô֮ǷǵĿƼ㣬޷ 
ǼӴ󣬱㽫ħ⣬γһɼǿϢʾг֣ 
ҲܵǼӴϢ̫д󣬸˳Ǽͬңջһȭ 
Ǽ£ŪҲҪһסĹȤ 
⹥еٶǺε֮죬ǼȴȵҪ֮ʱ˫ֶץһ£Ǽڲ˲ 
ǼľȥЩ˫ȭֱңջȥ 
ڰľ޴Ӳӣæɿĳһȥηķ޴ɵ㣬ǡ 
ߵĶҲ¶˱֮ɫֵӴ󣬶һܲ˼ĶĿ׷٣ԼٶȵùڿռзٶȣۿǱԻʥȴֹ 
ѷνӴܣ׼ĿɾۿҪ֮ʱӴޱȵĵɻȥ˲Ǽڣʧ˫ıȶҲڿʼڱѽ 
ʱЩδĵ书𣿡 
ʾǼ˻󣬶Ŷʹõģǿ书Դ˹Ҳֻѡ 
˫۵ǿ书 
ЦײֹˣҲĿƼ 
书ǿģڼʶЩţ˵ĿƼöЩͷʹˣ书ôֱһƼˣⶼʲôʲô 
֪Ļ⣬ֿڵӻǵ÷ŵսɣǽԴҲֻƷʯѣ֪ΪǵĹôǿ𣿡 
һʣֱ𰸾Լǰ򵥣ǽ뷨˵˳⵱ȻΪʥ鼯żΪȽĿƼ˳ķʯʹǿ 
˵ͷҲ¶һЩǵʯķʲôȽƼ䷽ʽʵֵģҽ书ƺͲ 
ƺѲ³һЩʲôڵĹţ֪ʥ˸ЩǺأ 
΢ЦŴ뽫˹ڸӣ 
˵Ȼڿϲȴǣֿʵ˹棬ʥ鼯УʥΪҪأ 
ɫҲֹҪ˹㣬ҪӵʮսʿҪʮսʿڶӵһսҪȫװǿĿսǽΪϵԿǵ۹´ֵ 
ɣֿڵģҲҪ㽫ʮսʿʥ鼯ţǹ㣡 
ϸ󣬾ô¶Լ˵κκæڶ˶лʥˣԺ裬ʮսʿ˲Ǵ 
ͬ⣬ʥ鹦ӡ˵ڣǻصʥϺ󣬱㿪ʼеһε 
ʥصʥ֮ʱѽ˳ʥ鹦붨Уڽ֮ϣǼӵ˳ȥ 
Сѩ塢̹ź֣ǿѵȺڽ⣬һȥСѩһԵϴĿǾʰ֪Ҳȥˣ 
§Сѩǰȥڵȵ˵ɣɵվţ 
ڣڻ֮£ԼϸĶ˵˳ 
Щ˷ܵĵϴߺǻһֱ£û뵽Ǵвоգһ˴ջȲ˵շǹһ£͵ǹ˼ΪṩԪؿҲȫķչ ǿԿʼ춥󴬣ɼһЩƷʯˣ 
ͷڵľƣ˵ȷһηǳõʱƶǵ۹ڶʱڶдһҪʱúã 
ֶԽһʱڵķչƻϸۡ 
Сʱ㵽ѿ쵽ʱ䣬һʥϵȺ 
ú˱Ⱥ֪ǴʱԼѾЩĸоȴδ˵ƣֻ˻壬ȻֶӾʥ鹦ĸоΣ 
ĬһԼ󣬼ĵʥ鹦ޱȣֻһαЧҴʱĹٱǰ߳㣡 
ЦҡͷֻǸʼڻֻŶѣʥ鹦صٳɺͿֻѧ˹֮ڵ̶ܴϻǰģҪڼСʱڽǰȫɾʥҪΪʵһϣ 
ʱﻹỳ˵֮˷ܵĵʥ˸£ȥ 
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ͻ岢δŶȥιʥأֱӽǴǰ߿ڶԶ˵ǿɾ쵽ʲô֮𣿡 
ͷﱻһ޷˼Ӵ֣ҸоóǾľʯȴ벻ͨ⾧ʯܱ¶ڿо۶ɢ 
͵Ʒʯɵľ֮ʥ鹦֮ˣԽʥľٻǿΪʵ 
ŵ˵ķȥҽǿپڵ 
ڵΪʵһ˷ϹޣһҲûУСʱ󣬶תȫΪ˾ʥΪʵҲǰһֹ 
ħʥ󷨣ȷޱȣδʧ־ڶЩģĶվǰһֹĸоЧ֮ģ 
һֱվһԿ˷Ϲ޵Ḷ́Ҫȥ˽ʥ鹦ԣԱͻڵƿʥ鹦оȥ 
ʥ鼯ŸδȣΪ˷ֹʥ󷨵й¶ȥڴһʥ鹦֮ʱҪƭҲﹻܣ 
ʱȫһʥˣҲûҪʲôԴ˵Ĵιۣʥ鼯ŵͷչԼʥ鴫еصĸǣ 
ιغŶ˻صʱҲص̹šҲڣ 
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æӦǺ󣬴Ͳֶȥ 
ȶ߳󣬻忪ڵΪ׼Զ̴ͣ 
ǱûϢԻʵ 
ҡͷĿǰΪֹûκϢ 
˵ͷֿڵǰսˣЩƼսΪ˱סʥǣѶΪ֮˶Ǳߵּôʺ͸߼ʯǷֹͣս˵ƻΪûˣԱڻʺ͸߼ʯܿٵĽ߼սԼԻصȫ 
ĻΪȻɫϴ˵Ĳڱȸ㹻Ľˣʱε֮ʱЧļãȥ죡˵ȥ 
ͻȻֿڶԻԵƶͨѶ 
ɴ۾ϴǸϺʲô 
ߵĻǰŶȻҪʣѵ첻ɣ 
Ļϵġȴӡ㱣֮úĻһֳƶΡ 
ʱĻϵƶʧȥָ߸ϵ飬֮ʱԵЩȻЩ־壡 
΢Цƶ˺ðּˣ 
ƶǿ򶨵ĵһʮСʱ֪Һ£ 
΢ЦŵȣҪƶ˵ʢʾлû뵽뿪Ǻƶ˻ɳΪС 
δ˵꣬ƶĻЩֻΪ˼ʶһʥ鼯ŵĶƼǼȻȫֺα£Ҽǵڻʱ˵֮ˮˮڲ޷֮ģ˴ν£ 
Цɫʵʥ鼯㣬Ҳʵûʲô̫ĳͻͳԹǰ֮¶ֻѣԸ⣬ǿȽЩ̸̸ڵ°ɣ 
ƶȻл˫Źϵ֮⣬˵ȻǼ£ҲֵýܣɫԻĿʵ֮⣬ָ֪ʲô 
΢Ц˲Ҫˣʥ鼯Ծ˵ĳԱմ˻ϵĳŵӦòǰɣ 
ƶҲ¶ЦݵЩ󴬵Ѿ׼ڱὫһʣźǹ͹ȥֻ벻ͨʥ鼯˲˼ĿƼΪҪЩأ 
пЩΪ˴㣡 
ƶĵ⻰ִӺ˵أ 
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ͷǳǣǿƶҲţҲ֪Լʲʲô 
ƶ˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻ󣬱ͨѶ 
Сʱ󣬶ʮսʿ͵ʥأǽеһεʥ鹦ȻʥսʿǷϹޣЩʥսʿҲпٵΪʵ 
æˣҪͿսƣҪΪص׼ѵռڵĺܶණҲҪĽжǱߡ




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һ ǿԴ

   պƶ֯˵һ촬ʣЩʵಢȫ ȻҲƶеѣΪƷʯ󴬵һЩԪڲ޴ڸƼԱ̶ȣǶһЩ߼󴬵ıԪؿ޽ӴڵõǰǶԺܶﶼʶ 
ȱٵʣƶŵʮպĵڶв벢ҲûȥЩ͵һʵǰڴͺϳѹæһˡ 
ǱҲϢҲʥ鼯һյṩĵһʣʥ鼯յȾʹ̫ࡣڵõЩʺҲʼΪ̽ѰͿϡԪؿ׼ 
յһʺ󲻾ãڶԽһʱķչƻ飬ҵĴѶǷӦԡ 
еͨѶʽƼеͨѶʽЩͬ 
ƼеͨѶͨѶʵ֣̳ͨѶʱһ̨ͨѶ贫ϢɹⲨȻֱ͵һ̨ͨѶһͨѶתվϢת͵һ̨ͨѶǼʼԶͨѶȽϢþ̬ռ佫֮͵һ̨ϢͨѶڡ 
еͨѶʽȫɴʵ֣̾䴫ѶһǴѶ֮⻯һε΢С󣬲ͨ贫͵Ϣ֮ǼʼԶͨѶҪͨһѰ˸ӴĴѶʯɡ 
еͨѶʽƼеȣȱҲŵ㣺ȱ֮ڴʵʱϢ֮ʱֻܴܴӰ񣻵ĺôǣȫʵʱѶݲױ˽ 
ҴʱϵԼ޶⣬ӵɣ 
ҪմѶʯ͹ϢһҲֻùעĴѶʯУʥڵͨѶ־ԣڻʱ͸ĴѶʯѱ彫֮ͨѶϲһ 
ϣĻ䣬Ѵ 
һɺãſ 
Ȼ˵֮ᱻռͳȥֶſ˵ķʽҲʵоЩŤ 
ЩЦҽѶʯ֮󣬲ǿƼˣһֱ㲻ʹôѶʯڿЩĶǶˣͨ󣬳Ⱑ 
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ϸ˼󿪿ڵôһ˵ɿ֮ʱһҪЭ 
Ҹղֻ˵˵ΪҲʵ벻֮ˣĴƼ촬Ͳɿ֮аʲôæֻϣͬɼ˹ѡ 
ʱ˵ҪЭ΢⣬æʵкõЩˣ㾡ܿڣǱؽȫԸ 
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˵ͣͣŶԷֽŵĻһƼսĹ֮ʱŻǿӦ󡢽ٴ֮һȺǿ߻֮ˣǵĿ󴬱Ӷˣ 
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ԺЦϴ֣ȻҲǱ㡣 
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֪ʲôȴδѯʣֻˬĵʲôʱҪˣֻ贫ѶǱؽɳǲ 
ʥ鼯ŵĵһǧҿ󴬺ǧһԤƽڽɲǹʱɳһսʿ滤Ϊ󴬻Ϊ˶ĿЩսʿǹаš 
ҶİŲ飬ʾûκ⣬ٴ˵ЩжĻ󣬲Ͽ˴Ѷ 
ҽ˴ѶڶԻʵιţղ˵ǵʥ󽫱ֻ޴Ļʲô˼ҪǱɻģǲһֻ޵Ķ𣿡 
ԭҷѶ֮ǰһĺȫҵͨһҲûע⣬˼ȫͣڻǸλðĻ֮ϣԼͨѶȲ⳶˻ȥ 
͵Ļػһ̨Կƣһص幹õĲϣᱻһ־м书ܺͷĲʱĻȻ˱εȸصĹܣʼջǵĻأһϵĻϴ⵶һ㡣ԺսʹõװҲ֮Ƶԡ 
̾ΪʲôЩҪ˼ƷʯʵأҪھЩ⣬Ļùֵµӡ 
ЦʯмĻԴ仰˵ʹþʯĵȼĳ̶ȡ 
˻Ľɻ󲻽ĵǼƷʯ˻ʲôʯأǰĹѾʹôļƷʯҪչȥָʹʲôԴأ 
¿˸ȵ⣬ĿƼ̶ȼߣǰһֱԼƷʯΪԴʹãһֱδҵõԴ滻Ʒʯ 
˶ķչҲͬĹ۵㣺Ĺ۵ΪƷʯԴûиõԴԽ֮ȡԺչֻǶԼƷʯ÷ϵһȴΪлĳЩȼƷʯõԴҵ֮ɹãһԽı̶߳ȣֹ۵ȴһֱδõ֤ʵ 
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ֹ죬ҲǳȤһʣĿת˻壬ŵ˵ 
΢ЦŴΪʹõԴĿǰߵȼԴ 
ش˶ɴ˫ۣɿķ㲻ᷢ˰ɣõҲֻƷʯѣϵҲǽϸ߼ԴǹõļƷʯȣʲôͬҪ߼Դǻǵ۹Щˣͷɹȥ趼ʶˣ 
֪˻ش΢һ˼⣬Щ⣬㿪ڶԻν߼ԴָǵʥֻһɾʯԴתô֮ܳΪԴأ 
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˫۷Ź⣬Ȼ˵̲סЦ˳ô˵ڵʥѾõԴˣֻеԴȱѡʥ鹦ԣóȥջղҲԿٲ䣬ԺֻҪ󣬱ҲԴΣˣ 
˵üͷ˵ǵÿ㵽ƷʯҲ֪СӵİЧôҪǵȵǵ۹ǲ󴬣ʱĻʲôȥɿ󰡣 
ȴԲϵĺϳɡصս죬ԼʵĿҪԼƷʯΪһжǿ̸ʮҿеĽ׼ϴҲΪ̽ԪؿﴴڶʱҵӦòʲô⣬Ϊ˴μƻܷ˳еĹؼڶ񣬶ǵ۹ 
ͷҪǵ۹ϵ˴ȫԴȼӳ̶ȣǶԴ·ǳӣֿܣһֿڸȫ濪Ʒʯǰٹ˼Ķϵȫ濪սڶֿԶϵһЩصͼ뽫ϵս𣬻˵ϵ̫ĻٻҲпϴһ㽫ϵʯƺͷȻٽһЩ֮£ֿƶԲɿ֮½ĳֶֹתƸľǶɿ󡣡 
ĻĿǰڸƼ̶ȣҪϴ촬ϣԼɼĸԪؿﲢĽƷʯ󴬣ٻҪµʱ䡣ǵ۹κζӦö׼ɿǰʥ鼯Ϊ󴬼Ĺߣ촬Ͳɿľ飬ǰɼƷʯĿ󴬣Ŀ󴬽ɿҲȻ֮£ǵһɳ֮ʱܱܿǵ۹֮ʱõʱҲҶѡ 
̹Ŵ̾ôֱʣΪܹܲɼƷʯԼȡһЩϡеʣȻϵڵΪ˶ĿĹߣ



ڶ ʥװ

   Գĵʥ鼯ŴӳһֱڼβˣʵҪԵĵҲԽԽǿûκδϢĻᣬ˴εľҲƣΪ֮û˵ ̹ԾЩĵĵἰϵĵ۴쳣Σգ˴Ҫðյȥ𣿡 
Խ͵ϲΪµģ۶˵Կһռ֮أϴ˵ȴֻһٳɳҡϴԣκ棬ǿйԣڱ״̬ÿϵԴȪ緢ԴЩ䲻ƾʯȴ̺˺ܶԣЩзǳϡ٣ܿɢʧϴ۴ҲյһЩ涫οŨ̶ҲľʯܹᲢ۵ġ 
̹ź֣ǿ˶ƶǶҲٽ۴ԣڵ͵ɼƷʯƻľ֮ǣϴοһԾ󴬲ùľʯԿ󴬲ɼ㹻ļƷʯϴԼڵʥ󴬽ǿռԾػءǵĿҲʻٳǿԾҲϴʱǲԶԺܿ쵽ϴ۴һʱպʱʵҲɷػˡ 
ͷҪ˵۶˵ΣգʹУҲðһԡⲻֹΪ˴˴ε͵ƻҲΪ˺úðסƣķʽʵҪ֪пֻܾһıҿ᲻÷ 
˵һ£תͷǼӵǼӣ˵û취֪̽ǵ۹ͼͶ𣿡 
Ǽɫĵǵ۹ĴСǴӴڵ޵ֱӷǷָ֮ǰ֮˶޷²ʲôҿϵѣڴ۷ϵ֮ʱһʱ֪ͨǡ 
ͷҲãϵ֮ʱҲ˳ǵ۹֮·ѯһǵ۹ϵսΣ 
ǼӼĻͨѶϵ 
ͻȻֿԻ˵ţҲ취ҲϴɿΪа㿴Щʥ鼯ŵԪϣٿɹѵʮսʿʵ޷Ტ˵ѵͻʣµսʿͳ죬㲻ͳ˧еѻվСʵͳ˧ǿNô˼ȥ̰ 
ЦСӻ治֪㣬ȥЩսʿǿ˶ãϴһѣҲǵʵٸЩսʿ 
ԹЦٺ٣ǾͺãǾͺãϴͿҵ꽫оʥ󷨵ĻøķϣۻһҪһʵСӾȻ̶ֳ߳ܵȣҲˡ 
ҲûȥĿЦ֮ԣĶԻʵҿСѩʲôط 
Ļ䣬شѩһŮսʿˮԣ 
ȻҲʼСѩΪˣһСѩ˵ˮʥزԶһСӣ˺֮ˮ쳣峺ԱСѩȡ˸ˮ֮ 
Ҳδ˵ʲôһǼϵ󣬲ſʵô 
ǼӴǵ۹ϵ֮ʱһʱ֪ͨǣʱǵ۹Ҳʲô쳣֮·ֻϴδϵǸоЩĪѡǻǴ۲ͣɽӹϵĿ֮һһĿı㲻Ϊ֪ˡ 
˵ͷֶɫȥʱʥսʿ˼ӽ֮⣬óʱռѵʱԤϤǵ»أԼֵĸսúǽֱս 
˶ͷӦֶԻ壬ҵȥһ£˵ȥ 
˽ֺ󿪿ڵϴ󣬶׼ˣҪҪɩӻ 
ҡͷǧҪҵȻҪϲ˵Ц 
ڽֵһڣһһѲϺ󣬿ڵϴ󣬺ϳЩϿɻҲپͺͿ¼֮£˰ɣ 
ȻĵЩµȻԱ߿žˡ 
ڰϳɲЩôȴװĤ 
ЩϵĴҪ֣֮¶ٿɣٶȻҲǳ֮졣ûãһ쳤һ׻ޱȵŮʽװƮڶǰ 
أȥּΪȻ֮ɣһֵųˣʾı֮ 
װһͷһסһȣȹֻֻ֡ѥɣɵװʻ޺֮ɫװϺ󣬻ǿɴ΢֮ɫ쳣ǿķ 
Դ족װڷǳ⣬ȥСѩһϲȴͻȻһüҪ˼Ʒʯǿȵļϣʱװͱ̭𣿡 
Цϴ̫СˣЩҪôᱻźأҪ֪ܻҴȥȡͺϳɵĲϣȻĶ֮˼Ʒʯ󣬿ֱӽװװװнԣιϴôôòһû˵ˣ 
ԭ˵װͽѷͷʯŸȥСѩһϲй¡ 
ʥװ˿ռڣܿˮӱҵСѩˡ 
ǰ龰һЦãֻСѩֻð͸̧һֵվһǳˮʮŮսʿĹ㳯ϡ 
˵ԣ湻ǿģ 
СѩƮڰߵһ˵ 
ɿֻð͸磬һСС֧Ŀг˺⣬ЩѶΪġ 
ҲûСѩʲôӣֱܿóʥװһľϲСѩϲ֮װʥ鹭оռһģһǰ˼㣡 
һҲ۾һСѩʥװһλŮսƽ崿ģһȡ߹ܼĶʣ 
СѩĿ£ͣĳʥ鹭װķһֱ˺ܾҲִ˲ƣ 
ʮڣ񲻸½˸༱Ԫؿ˸־׼ﵽ󣬱ܿһҾЧļƷʯ󴬣 
ʱʥ鼯˵һֱ쳣ȣ˴εȻҲ⣬һ׼ûӵ󴬳 
Ϊ˶Ŀʻʥϵ֮ǰιܣԶǿԾһ΢΢ĿռŤǿбʧȥ˿󴬵ټ 
ֻת˲䣬ʻһƬصǿգּƷʯҪǿѹƵļΪأձûκοɼ͸ڣҲͨڴĻľ 
ʱѵԤ֮ĲɿԺһȺ˿ɣԴӴĻϿ澰ɫЧ⣬֪ʱûԼºȲĿ˿󴬵ĿѹţƮ˳ȥ 
оԼһɫƮ֮УƬǿе;޴ʯһɫ֮ɫϸСʯʱƮ侰֮ 
ԶһƬ޴ռ䣬ռû壬ҲûʯڵֻйԪأԼʵʰɫ֪ǴɫĿռϵۣ֮ϵʺԴȪ 
о۴һɾ޴֮ͬʱ緢ϸ΢Ԫγһɳ緢ﵽһ΢ƽ⣬ƽıȴһַͬѰ˺ȫʻԣʱĹΪҲڴ˴̣ 
һֱװãôպ㲻ۼȴһֱ˿󴬣ķλͶʱָơ 
󴬺ܿѡһžʯǣ䵽˿֮ϡδ󴬷ǣͣƬ֮УҪʱúõоһƬռڵԣԼ۴ɡԱڴ˴ͻΣ֮ʱиĻ 
ûʱ䣬󴬱Ѳʯɳ˿ǣΪ˽ʡڵĿռ䣬һȺɿ˱˿֮ϡ 
ʯԭʼ߶ܼĵط󴬸ܶôľʯһСıʯܱ 
ڴѾľȷ㣬Ѳɳǣ֪ڵĴǲ࣬æڵʥ뵽󴬵ĳڣſ󴬲ϼ١ӹ󣬷ɴǿԾӿʧ 
Ϊ󴬽ǿԾķ̫Ƭĺ֮УҲֻ˼̵ʱѻָʼСοռԾķʽ̽ų۶ȥ 
󴬷ʥغ󣬻ߵЧʽһƷʯʥϵķԲϵĺϳɣϵ죬ԼսװĸҲͬʱݱС 
˵ĵڶʵʹƷʯ󴬽Ҳʽڼ䣬Ǳ̽ɵĸϡԪؿҲϵ 
ʥ鼯ųԱͻˣڻɼƷʯɵľڿٵԼʵʥһСƬϵУϵķž޴ı䡣 
뿪ºڴϢ˵ڶƼϵ졪Լڵִϲ֮δֳκ 
ڲرϵڲһСĻңϵҲΣ֮УΪһ¿֮˵Ѹߵܷƶ£˻ʱٿ˴εĻʥ鼯ŲδɳμӣȻҲС̫⣡ 
ǹ˴βλĴȻǶ񣬶ʱڶ֧֣ǹڣ˾صĵλ 
˴˻ݵȻɶʥسͨѶڵһʱڴصʥء 
ȶ֮½һ˾ǣֶߵĿԼʵ׷ʽһЩûݵļƲ⡣ 
ϵһЩǽͷ̺󲻾ñ㿪ʼΪԼı·ͶƼϵԱԾһֻʱȺ׶ѣ 
ƶڻ鿪Ʒʯ֮£ͳһźͽУȴδͨرϵȻȫƱԣ 
鵽֮£˭Ƶһιλһ磬δн 
ʱ˻Ǽӽӵ˴ϢǴѿʼӣĿĲ佢Ӿۼص㣬ܿϵ



 ڷϮ

   ʱʥһȫܻսݣսԼװѸɲװ˾֮СΪ˰ɼʯǧҿ󴬺ǧͨҲѽɡ ڵʱѾ죬Դʱʥ鼯ŵʵپǴ۵ĺڷţڱôģɼƷʯķʽʹǵ۹սüʹԼҲȡһЩûʵʱ֮ʦԺļƻʵʩ 
ӵ֪ͨʥ塢ƻʵʩϸڡ 
Ǳ׼ôˣȿʵ 
ʮĵսѰƺҪɣս幥ԴȫƷʯṩÿսսս˺ʥѵȥսʿɣսڹֱսʿٿؾɣսڲݺ͸ڿս˽Сսܴͺ幹Ͽǹͨս죬ڽս֮ǰѿ֮ 
ĵãЩսʹõԴ䶼ǴƷʯлȡ˾ʯĹҲЩʹƷʯΪԴͨսƥСҸսǲúԿǽӵĵϵ 
˵ֽŵһ󴬺ͻΪȥһͿսսʥ鼯Ŀǰıս幥ԴȫɼƷʯṩսδκιڣÿһ綼ǿĹսʮѵ¿սʿɡսСȴ׻ٴͽ͵ֵսڹʮսʥһΧڵߺ֮˷סսֻΪ޷ֵǿ֮ʱܶã 
һֱδлռѧϰѵĶ񣬴ʱǵһε֪ǿսĳսԼã˷ܲѣæԻͷӦǣ 
˵ͷֽŵ㵱ؽʥ鴫кѵʮսʿǽձ࣬ʣµսʿصãսսõǧսʿʣµǧսʿ䱸װΪĺĻӣİź 
˵ֿʵ˴ǵ۹δĿȨҲδʥ鼯źǹǷɢʱָӦأ 
΢һ˼󿪿ڵĿǰ£־Ŀ䲻̫󣬵ҲȫųԡҪıҸսչʾԼǿʵЧķʽһֵǽӣһסֵǾͳ˧ͬʱҲʹǹڵĵλһȫµĸ߶ȡʱǾԾɲļɢһֱҧǵβֱǷͷԸΪֹ 
ͷǣЩͨǾҲӦֻҪǴ˴ܱƳڷ֮Ǵںܳһʱڶ ֮跨ʰƶ˳ʵʩļƻˡ 
嵭ȻĵԸ˰ɣ 
˻ԣĵʲôеԸ˰ЩǱȻ֮£Ϊ˱ʵԸЩʲôҲ֪ĵˣҶֱɱϵǴ۵ҲֱӸˣ 
 
񷵻ǹ󣬻ŽѽϵƷʯ󴬺ͻԼһҶսװȫսʿǣ 
ϵң֪һ׼⣬ɿǹĶʥ鼯Ŀȫǹ֮ҽ󴬵սʿǹ󣬵һɿ󴬱 
ʱԸƼĿ󴬽֮Ҳǳ⣬֪֮ڣƶӵһʥ鼯ŵƷʯ󴬣һξʯɼ⣬κɹƷʯ󴬡 
ʱ˵ԼЩȻЩƼõƷʯȻϲѡȡϵ󣬱׼õǧսʿָܴĵط 
ʥǹǧһսǴƼ͵ͨս϶ʹǿȽϸߵĺϳɽҽõһԴƷʯṩսĿǰϵڵͨƼսȣҲһȼ 
ڲδװСսֻΪսԻвٿ⣬㽫İսʿֶӱ嵽˻֮ڣ 
ҵ˶Դ˴βɿ֮¼Ϊӣɳ䵱󴬻սʿҲǴӺܶоѡ֯ɣǵʵ䲻ǵ۹ĺڷᲢۣͬͨǵ۹սʿӦҲһս֮ 
ȻԤϰ㣬ɳɿ󴬶ӸյΧǼӵѱ㴫ϢƣǴѶǾϵս 
ҲϢǵ۹ԼǿĿơݣפϵ߾ľŽӺǿҪչҽѿʼۼǰȥԮ 
˵Ԯӻδüɳӱ߾פصʵʱսʾǾŵĹ̫ǿ߾פ޵ֿ֮ʱϵ߾ѸʧأǾѿʼƽϵ߾ռ㣬ʱǿԾķʽϵڣ 
ռпƼõһֱ߷ʩһЩƼֶνһǿһռɺʹңЧķֹԸǿԾķʽǱ룡ǵõƬǿͬ⣬ڿһĿռ䴫Ż֮˻򽢴ԾʽƬǿգֻԷеķʽռͨ 
ռ㼼ʲô˵ĿƼɴСռеҲʮֹ㷺ܴСĿƼԼΧ߾Ŀռפ;ϵͳ 
ҲƵļȴһصƣռ֮ͬЧ 
ʱʥϵʥ鼯ųԱȫе˻֮ڲս׼ʥشʱҲγһҾ޴Ǽսһս״̬ 
죬Сѩȼʥ鼯ڵʱھ̬չɳĲɿ󴬶ӲͣĴӸֽǶȣͻʵʱֳϢͽչ棡ĿǰΪֹδǽڿΧڳ֣ 
һͨĵ͵Ⱦʯ󴬣ڽвɿ֮ʱԾΧԷеķʽ뵽ڲɼʯɼþʯٷɳܶþʯпռԾһĵͼҪһβɿҪСʱղȵʱ䡣Ӧ˴˴ζɳĲɿ󴬶Ҳһʱɲɿ 
ʱһһţԽԽо֣ʱ㣬ǾӦһƬ㹻ǽдģǿԾĿռɵʱδӵκϵڷǽӵϢǷ˼ 
һԲͷĵЩ˵İЧô˳̶ȣѹôûǴԺţźˣ 
ӦĻ˶Դһ棬ʥϵͻȻһȺߣͷСпǼĺڷţô棿 
⻰»صĶԣǰǳƣ˵ʽȴӵԻܼҲǰܱһ 
Ǽ㿴ЩǺڷŵ𣿡ĻϳһƬȺܿм˵Ľ֮ 
ǼӿŴĻûҸҶ϶ǱǺڷŵսʿݺ䲻ͬǵıȴһ޶һûκսߣ 
õǼӵ֤ʵ˶Щ΢⣬ϵǵ۹пܽʥ鼯ΪһĿ꣬ȴû뵽ֱӾɳΪʵĺڷţ 
ѽԶĴĻϿԿʥϵһƬռУѾСڵ㣬ʹչ˳֮ơ 
ӰͻȻͶ䵽˻Եһλھۼϵǵ۹Ǻڷ𣿡 
ͷղǼ֤ʵЩȷǺڷŵսʿǴۿѴƶжʥ鼯ӵгǿʵĿƼɳȫЩƼսѶԸߣ 
ɵĵû뵽ǴλֱɺڷսһʥΪĿ꣬ôһǱǣʡûҪµĽձƳ 
ɫǧҪģϵ߾ļ֧ǾŻڷŵҲ֪ʱ֣ʥ֮£ֻҪ׼ЩϵͨǾʹɣ 
жͨѶֳҿԮˣ̫£ 
ԶĻȥʱĻϵĻ汻ֳ󲿷֣һԶĻ棬ʾдСڵ㲻ͣԾǰĺڵγ˺Χ֮ƣһһֲĽۻ棬ЩСڵЩ˱־սʿЩԮڶ࣬ǶԺڷγɺΧչ˹һʱЩҡ 
Щ˶ģ࣬Ϊǽ˳㱨ײˣҪһ˫ʵడһֻĵ 
ҡͷʵ໹ǳԵͷҲãǶ֪ԼǶôС˵ڷĿʥ鼯ţЩ߲ȥԻᰲȫ 
ˣ򵥵ѵ漴ڴĻԿһͶӰĻ 
ͶӰĻʾʮ̽·ѽϵʥǵķλ 
ʮ߸սϵȥɿĴҲʵʱҪϢǴͻȻڿ֣˾˻𣬶ɳ󴬵ǧһҲ뵽ս֮С 
ͬʱҲϢɳǧҸսԼʮҶսȥ 
ȻѼʱ˺ͷӦǱ֮Ҳ̫ģЩԼƵսʵʮġ 
Կ¸ȥᣬֻʮ߽ϵĴ˾룬ңңԵĵҺ֣ǿ˳ȥְɡ 
֣ǿ֮ͣСѩҲֵĵҲҪȥ 
Ҳδʮڷ߷֪졢֣ǿԼСѩڼƷʯڣµĿ޺Ϊʵǰ֮𣬾Ҳ׵ʮߣοҪǰȥԻҲû̫ĵȥɣסҪ̫𣬻Ҫǻ׼ӭս 
ЦŴİɣ⼸ӬǼȥȫˣĻỨ೤ʱ䡣 
˵֣ǿȥСѩҲһ˳ȥ 
ǳ֮ʱ廹æѵɩӣ 
˸ߣ־ɲĳˣ񲻶ԣȽѩǻ 
Դ󾪣жžԵģеԾһ̫ȷ֮£һͬСɣʵѶ˵ػأΪֻʱʱϴݡ



 ӽа

   廹δжͨѶѵĻصڣͬļʵʲô£Ƕǲ֮ˣ崫Ѷ֪д· ɫصĿڵͰɣ 
æղ̽ⷵصʾʮϵУ˵幹Ѵﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮϵֵ޷̽⣡ 
Ծг󾪣Ŵ͵ǼΪ֮ˣ̶Ҳδٷ֮ʮҲû˵ҲԽ 
뵽һַǳҪµĿԣӦҲƲ⵽ֿԣԲԼ˻ 
״ʱûʱǼ˵ݽһȷ÷£æʥԼǵֿǿմĹԻϵͳȫϵҲӳȥ⣬عϵͳȫãʱԶ׼ 
Ļ䣬ȫִϣһռݲʣ 
Ŀɿڴʵ벻ͨʥ鼯ڵĳʵȻԼ֮ʱδս㿪ʼ׼ҺпܵĻᶼûУ 
̹ȻعʵЩʲôͷ 
忴ŴĻʮںԶǿͣεߵкܿӽߣ֮࣡ 
֮ըڱ˿̹žվôܣ˵ӽǿֶôǵ۹ľˣ 
Ҳͷʹʵ벻Ϊ鷢֮׷ֵԭ򣬶Ҫȥüݵ⡣ 
ҡҡͷЩǿһʱҲ޷ҵ𰸣ȴʥ鼯սʿһս׼ʱ 
ȻֿڵȽƵʥ֮⣬ʼлʥ鼯ųԱ;ֵм⣬ʧﵽٷ֮ʮϵѶر 
졢̹ŵ˶սʿ֮ʱҲƵʥ⣡ 
ٴĻǰʱսƻ 
ʮʥԶǿͣһԽڶʥǷٶǰȿֹ 
Ǽӽ֮ˣǺܿɵزԶĿͣ 
ʱĻϵĻĺܽӽߵıϿԿǼǰⳬսȻû˿̬֮ҺδҴս 
ڻǰͣ˲Σͬʱѣ 
ֻ˵ͻȻ÷ǳģЩ΢΢ŤǵһεĿռ֮һ㣬һֻֻڲϷŻ 
״ڵ佢սó׼ʥսʿʥսʿ͸أЭУܼӿ佢սʿ;ʧһΣ֮ٻأ 
ЩǧͣײŻطֵӽޣڿ佢ӵĽʧأβֹۣЩŵĵ佢սʿʧݣ 
žϲ佢սʿ;δ˿ʧ 
ǳ⣬æʵսֹܷӽ𣿡 
򵥵ĵܣ 
ٴθе⣬ٴοڵԭ򣡡 
廰䣬ֿԻΣһֿ˲ӽߣЩҲӽޣֿԼСһֿԱǣӽʥ鹦ЧֿԼ󣡡 
õƲ˶ϲ⣬ǼӸս׼ҳȥʵƲ 
΢ӿǱͷãڻڱʸȥ񣬼סʱرͨѶӵѶػأ 
ǼӴӦǺµĿװˮס壬γһĻף漴㳯ɴȥ 
ǼӷɳغֿһͶӰĻǼӵĶֻǼֳǹֱӳ嵽ӽȺ֮УЩΪҪֶεӽޣǼǰȫʧȥӦе磬һǹһĲ 
ٴδȷǼӺʧ˶˿¶ɵЦ⣡ 
ͻȻͶӰĻϵǼǹ˫ȺԼٶس䣬ЩӽҲǰ㣬Ӱ٣ 
쿴棬ֲѣ̲סͨѶǼʵι˵Ǽ֣ݵĳϷ 
ͨѶڴǼӵĴЦҷЩӽȫЩʥƵ壬Ȼľֱյھʯ֮ڻ죡 
һ˴ķ֣ʥ鹦ͷβӽߵĿǣӽʥ鹦֮ӦҲǧ˿Ƶϵ 
ĽӽѲΪ壬ȻʧȥӽɱƣӵŷͬСɵʵֵסǧװʥսʿΧأ 
忴ɫӵ̹ŵϣӽ߾ԭʥŵӺʥսʿȥɣ 
̹ŸмĿ˻һۣȻȥ 
̹ߺ󣬻ֶ佢ػأٻɱôĵǼӡ 
壬ϵڻʮһڷŵߣЩ˿ȥԸ𣿡Сѩ˷ܵʵ 
ӦòʲôΣգͷðɣЩ߾ɩŮȥ𣡡 
Сѩϲصȥ󣬻ֶ֣ǿȥΪɩѹ󣬲κʧ 
֣ǿֻܴܿĲ»治ô 
̹ͼʶӽƶٶȣӽߵƶٶҲѷɫ˳ȥȶӽγ˺Χ֮ƣԷֹܣ 
ӽҲ֪˴ײ壬ջزдӽ޺ȴδ֮⣬̹ʥսʿγ˺Χ֮ƺǲſʼҵĹ 
ӹصУӽȫʵйݼ¼ûУʱӽߵսҲһ 
̹ѽЩӽߵ˵ࡢǵĴУΪܸʹı̹սսƣ˶Եķʽս 
õ̹ŵ˺ʥսʿµĿսףѳӽߵĳǿ 
ӽ߾㣬̹֮˵Χ¼Ҳ˿˥ǼԼĳǿȻܸԷκ˺󣬲ſʼ֮⣡ 
ʱлᣬ̹ŵ֯£ʥսʿԭʥŵ㣬İƣǾǿҲֻȽ֮ӳȥ 
̹żƾʵþòܽ𣬲ʹþǹǿļƷʯǹ£ӽߺܿ㱻һһɱ 
СѩǱߵսͼ򵥶ˣʮһڷսʿСѩȰŮսʿΧ£ײ˰㱻ȴû೤ʱ㱻ɾҲ֪ǱĻǱģ 
⼸뵽ϵӽߺͺڷ߱Ƭռָֻ˶ݵƽ 
֮˺Ǵ۶δ뵽Ľ֣ҲǵУʱʥ鼯ӽ޵ΧĴܿʥ鼯űгʧ 
ʱʥԾͣʥУδʥǵر̹ŵٴξ֮ڣ 
ȿڵţ˵˵ô°ӽôǴ۵£Ǹ֪ʲôڵĴУǵ۹һˣ 
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ֵȱصĲοݣƾƲ⣬еĹؼ֮ڲȽЩһߣоһôӦǵ۹һǿ£ 
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ͷ֮Ҫ֪ӽһּа֮ô챻ΪҪĹʽǲãʥһֱֵԡǴɳ⼸ӽߣЩһֱ׷ʥ鴫֮˶ͬһǴ۶ʥ鹦һ˽Ҳ޿ܣҲпܴǼӽ߱ǿ֮뵽ʥ󷨣 
ҲδأͻȻ 
֪Ա򣬼Ȼæڵ֮ 
͵Ʋϵڣм̶֧Ȳѷǵǵ۹ִϵϵܿҲΪ֮ʣ 
̹żͬĵ 
ָϵڵǼ֧ҳЩڵǿշ̽Ⲩÿηص̽ϢʾôһƬûκʵ޿ռ䣡õ̽ⷽʽǹ߿Ƽȴ̽ⲻκν֤Էӵų̶ȵķ̽һЩǵ۹ϵϸ¼һڵĵطܴһƬǿյĴСᱻսΪǾΧ־ɵġ 
˵ֵһһΪ֮£⼸̫֮ϵľ붼ͬҲ˵Ǻܿǿ⽫̫ϵڵһƬǿջ 
ĵû뵽ϵڵļȻɲ⵽˳̶ȣһЩǺпĳϵ⵱֮˵˵Ӧмƻ 
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   аЦλС湻ģҪùˣ ڻϷԵСѩͻȻĿڵǼյǷӽ߸澯ϢҪ೤ʱ䣬ļϹ𣿡 
澯Ϣô͵ķʽϢʹ˿ƼȻܽķʽϢǰѾǼѾյǵ̶ȣҪӦѶ͵˵ﶼҪʮӵʱ䣡 
СѩĽ۲ȻҲͷãӦһǿ֮£ⶨļƻУȿ 
һ´ĻϵĻ棬˵ϵڷսڽУڶ࣬Щڷֹش󲿷ʵֹֻЩ߽ʥϵѣ˫սӱ濴ʵ൱ֲһ㣡 
ԺڷʵΪҲ޶֮Уֶȶϵÿڷսʿһϸ̽⣬֮лӽߣ 
廰Ⱥ̽⣬ȫųлӽߵĿԣ 
ֿڵһ¿ǱߵսϢ 
лĻ棬صϢܽռǾţڶɳս˾ŵϹ£ѳ˰֮󣡡 
ͻȻ 
Ļֿһ޴ͶӰӻϿԿһŽɫף쳣ߴ֮ͻȻϵս֮Уɿĳɱ 
֮˵ʵǿᵽ˲˼Ŀ³̶ȣֻ֮һͨȫûа˿ͣ͵ļ߻Ǻڷսʿһ㱻׷ɳȥһ㷴֮ 
֮˻ߣȻǿᣡŴʵ 
ΣӦ֮ˣȴûдκϣɿ 
ۼ֮Ѿϵ㳯ʥǵķ󺧵ܹȫأʥ鼯սʿ׼ȵ˽ǰ޷ȫ 
廰δ˵꣬˹ֻǽ֮Բͣ 
֮˸տʼЩ⣬ӲǺҲгԲʼųǰ䣡˶ٶ쳣ݣֱԵĹڹ޷УֻԼǰеٶȶѣ 
˿龰󾪲ѣǶֱ֪Թڣѻ̶ֳȵǿ֮ˣȴû뵽ӲǼƷʯܹڹ󣬾ȻˣܼĹҲδܶǰٶ̫谭 
ܿ죬֮ѵ˻زԶ֮ʱֹܹͣ˹²˳٣һ£ʥ·ɵ˻֮⣡ 
ЩСɳغɿľۼһγʵʰľ޴򣬶Ҳ˻塢졢̹š֣ǿСѩ˵ϣ 
ʥۼκͳŽ֮ӭȥ 
ǽ֮ʥۼ֮󣬱ͻȻͣΣĴϿԿʱıǳӣ˷ܡɻ󣬻֮ɫ 
Ļȥʲô飬ɽ֮ʱ˼׶֮ͣǽ֮˷ɿȥ 
¿ɲܹʱǰɣĹ׶֮ʱЩ׶ȴ԰㼫ӲЩ׶ڻʱȴôҲᱻУݵЩ׶δɢȥǶĻͣݻײ 
һʱǱǽ׵ķȷʵǿˣ 
޷ʩ£Բٹ˼ЩͣײԼǻԼϣȴŻ߷˻δѲ֪óһֵĻ״һ½һµĳԻصķֽǿ 
˶û뵽˾ȻʹȻصķֺѱƣȥҲǰ취Ϊ֪᲻Ԯϵ 
ڻ쳣֮ʱͻȻϲĵʥ˻ˣ 
ӴĻϿԿϵս֮ͻȻǿ֮ˣǾǰ˽ϵ֮ʱһ㣬谭ĳսԼٶȳط 
⳯ʥطһһ֮ͬλӣҲһ֪ǺͬػӦѷǵУ 
ǿԮ֮ʱͻȻҪٴˣ˲޶⣡ 
ǶĻЩ⣬Կ˻ء 
˵ڿ󴬽Ծ󣬱Сĵĳ۵Ĵȥ 
ΪΪӣʱкǰеٶƽ˺ܶ࣬һ⻯ɵĳϼӸܳаס 
һֱСĵķϰСʱʱ󣬲ŵ۵ĺ֮ 
һʵ廯ľΪ̫Ũ񣬸޷ӦĶɢųȥʥҲֻΧã 
ֳҺͣɫâ̫ۣס˫ҲӦʱҲֻ֪Լ۵ĺ֮أڷλѲܱʶ 
ͣºٴγ̽ԶȻ޷ԶȴԸоȶ࣬ȫǾ̬ʵҲ벻ͨĳʷ״ӴǴģ 
ʥϥһľϲԾȻȫͬǶ״ĶҼױľתգ 
ĵطӦûʲôܶԼΣգ㿪ʼרעľ 
רע֮ʱоʱţ֪˶ãͻȻΣձƽԼԼֱģæǿ󣬲չվ 
˫۱ѷԼȻĿŨȻѲӰ쵽ԼӾͬʱҲڲԶһųùĿ⿴Լ 
Ӽչվ𣬱ɽһЩ㿪ڴСԼҪˣһ˸һǲǣȻ۵ĺ֮УҪӼʱֹСѾƽ⼫ޣҪ﷢ܱϵҲʣһֱһǧ׵ʯӣ 
ĪԼһֱϥʲôУȻոչƽ޹ʵİ˶ٳ 
ͬʱҲԴ˾ȻԼ㣬ۺ֮еȲѣҲŷͬѰĳʵԼڵΪֺ£²ƽķϹǴðģȻƽ޹ʵſˣ 
ӱһ㶣Լ쾭壬Լȴһ㣬ɴ˫ۺݺݶСȻҸӶ죬ǲƤˣ˵껹װģľ䣬Ҫ˵ӣ 
״ѵһϹﲻɣҲѧ˰㿪ʼԼ䡣 
¿ɱòᣬãСҪ湻־͸ҵȥӵҪҵȭͷӲСӲ˵㳯ȥ 
ҲԼڵʵʲô̶ȣ׷˷ȥ 
ڼƷʯۺ֮Ǵͣ˶˫ۻŶԷȳֹ˼ 
Ӽ췢˾ȻڵԼ֣ôЦҪ˵ӲᣬˣӾվﲻӲУҪϵҲûҲƨɿ 
ʵгֻ֣ڿĸ֮ʱҪʲôʽѣû뵽ԷȻ˵ӲԼеĿ񻰣 
¶ааЦݣҪ֪ʥĿ¹ȥ󣬲һɢǿڱԷǰֹĹȥֻҪԼδʧһбԶʹꡣ˿û̫⣬Ȼ֮񣬶ҽ˵֮ԼһͷԳԣ 
аϹ˵ģ֮ǰ㲻ܻ֣Ҳܶ 
ӿЦֱûڣԼԿƵģ뵽Լǲܱһ˵ǿַԾɴſ˵Ļз֮СӾܷＦţ 
һãһУ 
˵ó⵶һ˳ȥ 
һδ̫⵶óƣֻһɫĵâ͸ǿѹӷɿȥ 
âδȥƣ޻εĻӵ֮ϡ 
δܵ˿˺ȴҲûһҲ󾪲ѣԼ֮͵ĲӦöе߲ͨŶԣû뵽췢˵ĹҲԼӰ죬һ 
֮ģĵ棬ִڵСӻһ֣ɣǵڶУ 
Ҳ𻰣һ˳ȥ⵶õȴһǿ˺ܶ࣬ӾԾɱ΢Σ 
ڵ𾪸֪һԷδʹóʵҪԼٲܽһҪԼôҲ벻ͨСӲ֮ˣΪλԼǿɱ 
ڶѻжԷҲٷ񻰣˵ 
ǰȼֱɱһڹʥھ⵶ֱһʵ廯ĺɫ޵ֱ֮նȥ 
һѱǰΰڻжԷɢ⵶Ҳľ⸽ռеȻۺ֮Ũ񣬵ԾɿԿٵĲԼźԷֹӲ˷ŵԼͻȻʧԼѣ 
ӿԵĸоζԷԼĵâУ˶ôӴĹԼҪǾУֻʣ°Լѽ˵ֻ̫ôһǰ׼Ӳӣ 
ǰȥ֮ʱǾ޵״ĻȴͻȻǰͣһһֻĴָµĴȭͷ 
ͻȻһѪ˳Ҳ֪ÿնˣΪǰǳŪԼѪ 
ԷѪڴˬӴЦϹлû꣬㻹ܳȥ𣿡 
ȫûȥ˵֮ԣҲûȥԼ֮£ǿǰԾͣڿеȭͷ״¶ֵı飡 
ӵĹ֮״ֿڵϹû˵Ļ仹Ǽȥ 
ͻȻǵѪһĨЦȻ䣬ֻа׳ղŻȥҪȵ꣬ܵʱҵĺӶˣˣҪôҶУ 
û뵽ӾȻˬ䣬һԼã 
֪˵ĻǼ٣аЦ̽ƾҴã˵ģԺ͸ΪҶ˲赹ˮС࣡



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ӺЦҲӣδ˵ӣʽλ֮ʱĵλҲ֪Ǽ˸ıˣ뷸ûᣡ 
ȷûٹԼ˼ջȭͷ״ʥڵʥǵʥʲôδϹǲϴˣ 
ôһ˵Цĸʥǣʥ¸ˣ˵ŻƮǰ 
ʼӲǴ˵˵֮¶ʥ鹦йأֿڵ⵽ô£˵㣡 
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ͷ϶ֽŵҲӦԭʼʥͶɵİɣ 
ڼ˶ʥ鹦˽⣬ҲԴ֪̽ʥ鹦ҲЩһֱ׷Ѱʥ鹦شڵ 
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ӵĵһ֪ʥ󷨵ڴߣҲ˵ĴˣֻҪͨԼ֮λ 
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ӴȻϴˣǰѾʧ٣˵ȥ̽һԪռ䡣磬ҲԳ֮Ϊʼ棬Ϊܶ㣬ǵĲ棬ǵһ棬ҲķԴ֮أʳΪʼ棡 
ʥʲôϵʵ 
Ե֪ܶ࣬˵ɣվŶۣ 
ٴζӵΪеĪҲСϻʱȥ˵ʲô֮ϥڿ 
Ӽſڴ֮˿ȡĳߵλľҲû˸ΥڴԼǰͻȻһ֪Ԫռȥ֮̽ǰԼڵһԼһרĶ书ӡһСʯһСҺ֮У¼ʹ֮ȻְƷװһ޸ǵĺӵУӶΪʥ鱦У˽ʥ鱦з˵ڶһֻ֮ص֮λļ⣬涨Ժ󲻹˭ֻҪԼӡõʥ鹦УܻͨˣǴ˱һε֮ 
û뵽ʥ󷨾Ȼ˴ͷԴ಻֮ʵʥ鹦ԣֻҪ㹻ʱҪҲʲô£㷽˵ʲô˼ĿѶȺܸƵģ 
ӵһ۵Ϊȫǰ׳հ㹦ɺȥǣֻҪѻʥ鴫еϢ©ȥ׷ɱˣ 
ǲ׷ɱ֮λļ𣿡 
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ӵһŴѾˮⲻ֮Ϊ밡ϵҾסʮļҰҲǹң¹ұ㵽ʺĵطһ֮ãҲ֪ôˣƬϵѻظҲؼˣ 
ǰסϵ˵˵ʲô֣ûӵ 
һɨ֮ĵұƬǿд˵񣡡 
񣿡ĵ 
ҾٰӸӵ 
ǸʲôģҴû˵һĲһ䡣 
һòᣬŴͲ֪˵ʲôźá 
Цˣҹʲô֪ҵĸ࣡ 
ˣղΪʲôղ֮ʵ 
ڴ㰡ղۺ֮ʱӦľɣ 
ҵʵǲͣͷ 
㲻֪жΣգۺ֮ЩΪһ΢ƽ£ŻﲻͻȻ緢򱬿֮ʱȴͻȻһСռڵطȥ֮ʱγһУ״ƽ󱬣ҸտʼҲֻ֪ǾĲԽԽأ̲סһ£˭֪ûչվ͵ 
ĽЩ˼ĵô˵ҵĲˣҺûûɴѣȻ鷳ˣ͸ˣҪԺ͸ 
ˣһ֮ˣôŻָ㹦ûûôʱģֲ 
ԴôûأһһֱۺĴǱޣֱ֮ʱɵչ鿴 
ŵĵʱŻָ㹦֮Ҳ֮ðɣ 
æƽĵֲεУָǷǳ˲֮ˣҪָǵ߲ȥΪ֮ʥֱӽ̽𣿡 
Ц֮ͬû뵽֮Ȼ֮󣬲ģа취ٻָ 
ٴαվҪѧʥ󷨣 
ķӦǳ⣬ͷЦҪʥ󷨴ڸ㣬ô˵ܲ˰ɣ 
װ˿Сĵܲܲ 
Ӧȴ൱⣬æʵ㲻˵ʥҲ֮ôһ 
ŵӵʥרֻм̳֮˲ʥ󷨣˾˹Ҳ֮Ტۡտʼ֮ʱܿٵʵһ̶Ⱥûôõˡ˵ʥ󷨻ᱻԻ־ĹһΣȻȥ 
ڰ룬ԭô£ѹԼٶȱ˿֮࣬Щʥ鹦֮˶ԼЧ֮ģ 
Ҳǿվˣ㲻ʥ鹦Ҳǿ㡣ٵһʱ䣬ȥۺһ£ȥؼգ 
˵׼ȥæֹڵΪʵӦѾľˣǸըһΣգ



 ֮

   ɻĵеȼƣ æȻеȼƣڵﵽһ̶ȺǱᷢһЩ΢ı죬ʱеΪޣӴ˱㲻еʵˣҪٴΪʵֻø߲е 
û뵽Ȼ£ĽͲŵ˵ͷ£Ժ֮·ôһȥɣ 
һһȥ⵱Ȼ棬ҲȫķҲ߽ݾ񲻻ĵ 
æʵнݾߣ˵˵ô߷ 
װһĵһǱ뵽֮УȻǱޣֻҪ˷֣һֱʥ֮ȻͿֱӳ̳λˣһǽѻʥ鹦еϢɢȥһ˵׷ɱֻҪľԼʵ 
üͷڰ֮Ǳޣп֮ܲ⻹˵ʲô׷ɱԼʱлȥձ˵Ϲ˵֮࣬ȫǷϻ 
ûΪĻʲôʵܿҵΪʵô֪޷ʵˣ 
ŵĵʥ󷨴ߵʵĻᱻ׿ƾǵұԶ϶ʵѵ˿ٴļޣ 
Ľ;Ȼô£һ⣬һ״ڿеٿ 
Բ״ʵʥѵʲôر֮ 
ɫһʥ㿴ڵʵ𣿡 
Ȼ֮ԣҡͷЦˣǰҲǿֹ˵ǵˣ 
ûʲôֽջڣó⵶һͣڿеڵİ 
۾ſűǰǿֹĻɫʵ˵͸ѵ󣬱ܱӼʮ 
ջȻͷѵԽǿܶ౶ڿһΪ𣿡 
ͨǰѵ뵽һɫʵôʲôͷȻ棡 
ĵ⣬Ҳ⣬Ǳһһλͬų͵ģ 
üΪ˷ܣĵ⣬⣬û뵽Ȼ̫ˣѵЩ¶аŵ𣿡 
Ļʵ֪ףѵʲôϵɣ 
̬ȱЩĵΪƹܣһֱ׶ֻǻγһѾ޽ΪıʹáǰͻȻȥҲδΪû뵽ȻѾΪʥ鹦вżȻܿһеһж˵ƿغͰ֮У 
һθе⣬ûϵ׵ͷȻһҲʥСԼǺõѼңҲܵȥλ 
ͻȻֳѵҲҪ̫⣬֮У㽫ʥ鹦ޣټ֮Ҳһɱܹ׷ɱһлСΪǣԺ˻һ 
ڼԼ̬ȴת䣬һʼԼΪһʱЩ̫ӦڵллѣһעģԺҲҪʲôԽҵҲԳƺģǲҪôҲڣ 
˵ͷȥɣ㹦ɳ 
ַɻصۺ֮Դ˴ƽԵĽͣҲϴһֱľ׼ȽɢȻľ͸һƬռڵԱʥ鹦֮ʱˣ 
սɢ㾪ϲķ֣ԼٶȾȻѿ쵽˼ĳ̶ȣŨҲٶɢ˿Ӱ죬⶯Ѹ̫ۺģ 
ʱͻȻԼԶ뷨һѼԲ˼ٶȳɢ˳ȥ 
ת˲䣬ʥѽϵʯڣٳ˺̵ܶĿռ㵽˼ޣҲ͸۲쵽˿Եڽеϵս 
һȻɳ󴬲ɼƷʯ󣬶һʹǵ۹ս֤Լ˴ѽ֮ãͻȻʥСѩ졢˵İΣ۴ֲʹͨѶȻʥؿ˵ 
վȺԼĵطȥ 
սȥַ˻ʵ㲻ô˰ɣ 
ɿĵϵսЩͬ鰲ΣȻȥȽս֮ºٻص 
˾²ĵҪǸǳܵĵطｫʥ鹦ȥټ֮һҲ޷࿹ڳȥһѻʥ鹦֮й¶ȥܿ׷ɱڵʵ֮Ҳһͨ˵Ķ֣ 
ֵ˵ˣҳȥС£ᱩ¶ԼģһǸһȥ 
޷ȰֻõҸһȥɣҲиӦ 
ʥϵķԾȥǴʱʵֻһǿԾѵʥϵ֮⣡ 
ϵд߽սӦҲ*ϵ߾Ǳߣٵߺܿܶἰĺڷţָżæʥȥʥ鼯֮˶һ׾˱Ƶö˻֮ڲҳҺõĿǰκΣգ 
ǽ׾˾ȻǹƥĽʥ鼯űƳģյĿٳϵڷȥϵս֮ʱЩ߲ǵѣɿ˳ȥҲѧĸһ· 
ǿзеٶȼ죬Ϣ֮ѵ쵽˻׾˽ս֮Ҫó⵶Խ׾˽йȴеĶԼҽ˿ҵˣپǷɱ٣ 
û뵽Ȼʶæл֣ͣ 
׾˼Էͣ˹ջڴ˿˿ȥκлŴˣ 
֮ǽ׾ɫķ䵽ǰСӽμˣ 
СȻҲϵԼڴ󶨣Щڴʵ֮ǰĺƽж𣿡 
æشˣǰͻҲֻмʵǿ˶ɹǴνѣЩδ޳εȴȫˣ 
ɫȻˣʲôãֿʵղô£岻ѵͨ˼ô˴ˣ 
󼱵ĵˣģղյǷľѶӽ߲ѱڳС֤ҵȴֻһҿƼսһʱЩǷڶʱӽߣԲų̽ǵʵ˭֪һǵĹ޷ճ 
󾪵תͷѵǼһѾ֪ĵϸԲų㲻֮ʱӽ߳£ 
ҡͷ֪һʥ鴫֮£Ҳ֪ʱȥ򣬴¿Σǵ˵ɣ˵㳯طȥ 
ҲæŲԵĽȥ 
ڻڣͽ򵥵Ľܸʶ˻彲Լߺ֮󣬲ŷմǴۺܿ£ӽ߳ʥҲֻǸɺϣ֪ʥ鼯ϸĿԲ󣡡 
˶ĻƶǶ˳ϴܲ˵㣬ǸʲôôǴֱˣ 
򵥵Ľ͵ӽߵĿߺѵߣҲǸһֱ׷ʥ鹦شڣ 
󾪵ĵû뵽Щаӽ߾ȻȫһţӵеʵӦǿ󵽲˼֮ôǴۿΪ֪ʥתϵУԲŶϵս벻׵ǣǿʵΪλ˶Ĺ˼ɣȫֱӶϵľԿȨȻѰʥ󷨵䣡 
ͻȻڵϵĵ̣һֱػ֮£ĸĿŵܹͨнȻǵϵѰʥǴ֮ʥ󷨺д֮ˣҶҼ 
ղΪ˽ͽͽʱ˻Ϊһ㣬ͬϵм֮ˣɴʱ˵֮Ȼ֮󣬲ֶ´ 
ٴʵϴλʲôͷ 
ЦȻǴģǸӽߵͬһȼ 
˵Ҳ֪˵ףֽģ֮ºʥ󷨵ͷβϸ˵һ飡 
˵ĺܶ£Ҳδ˵ʱ֮ˣ⣬֮˶Ŵ˵ 
˺һᣬŻعԻ󲻽ĵ˵ʥ󷨴еӦΪһλµ֮ŶԣдпΪЩʥ鹦֮ˣһʥ鴫ĹǱʥƹأ 
²ֹˣҲ󲻽⣬ʼ˵֮ 
״æ͵ʥһּΪ֮һʥ󷨺󣬲ʥ󷨵֮ģһʥڴߵԪһ΢ĸӦʥ󷨺󣬾ĴΪƹΪʥ鹦ߵ˶ʥ鴫еĶ壡ʱѾ֪ʥ鹦е壬ΪһλǴʱҲԲ鿴һ룡 
˼˵¿ʥ鴫ĿԣûһᣬСѩڶɣҲʥ󷨵ĴΪˣ 
֣ǿҲͷͬҲָо 
Ȼ̹ţԼǼû˵ҲСѩͬĸо 
СѩԼ֣ǿ˵֤ʵٿ̹ԼǼӵı飬Բ٣ǰ˵֮ĻҲ֮ʵһʱҲԽܣ 
ʥһֱĿ꣬Ϊĳ֣һõʥ鴫֮˸һЦ 
ʥ鴫вʥ鼯Ȼʱ䲢̫ʱڣʥ鼯ȴһֱӭӺŸѺΣʥ鼯˼Ʒʯ֮˿ԽдΧƹʵͻ



ڰ Ϊ

   ǣͻȻ֮䣬֪ʥ鴫е壬ʥ鼯ŽҪԵ͵ˣٷͨеʼɱ һĬڵѾʥеĿľΪ˴һ֮û˼λãҲܱ׷ɱǵĿƻҪͣһʱ䣬Ƚ֮½ټ 
յ֪ʥ鴫еڻЩʧ֮Уʱһ˵˷ܵĵϴ˼˵ǵĿƻ 
ɫǵȻдһȫµʽǽʥ鼯ŵĳԣҲһֱĿ꣬ʥ鴫ҳеΪһԼĿԷڸ뾡취ֻ֮ͨλãʥ鼯ŲĽΣʱǲֹҪпҪнƹ㣡 
֮Զм˷֮⣬ȴ󾪵ĵɲ̫׵Ҫ֪ʥһֱֿͨĹҪøе˶ռԵֹǵʱݵôˣֿʼΪ 
ŹֵĵҪ˶Ϊˣÿ涼Ϊ磡 
塢˶žԵģ˵ȻȴЦʥ鹦Ҫһͨ˳Ϊˣȫʵ֣Ҫвε涼Ϊ֮˵ȴ޿ܣΪЩͲεУûĻЩǿɳ֮ΪˣҲԷᲢۣ 
ŵĵЩҲףĵȴһڸңҵ뷨ȫʵ֣ҶĵǸźޱΡ 
˵ֹŹֵĽͣһʱҲŴ˵ΪѲȷ˵֮Ƿϴİš 
ұ¶Լѻʥ鴫֮£ȻЩ׷ɱҵطӦòȥΪЩʥ鹦ͨ˰ɣֶ񿪿ʵ 
˵ȫɫ䣬δ񿪿ڣȳϴǧ򲻿ˣȻڵ޷Щ˶Կϴһȥ׷ɱأοڵʵ޷ӹ˵׷ɱ 
δ˵꣬ѴϵǲҪˣ˱¶ѻʥ鴫֮£ȻԶ׷ɱЩȾָ֮ԾɲŹκʥ鹦֮ˣ˸ղ˵֮¸вͨ 
ΪΣʵ 
񲻼˼ĵκʥ鹦ͨ˶гΪ˵Ļᣬĵ£Щɱ֮ΪǽΪԼвһ֮ǰǣ 
Կյٻ۴ʵޣټ֮ʱ㲻࿹֮ʥ鼯Щʥ鹦ߣǾ޿нΪ˵ĳ̶ȡӦѶ϶ʥ󷨴֮䵽ϵУһпܴʥ鼯ŵʥ뵽һЩʥѻ񴫳֮±¶Ҳǳ֮£һʱĻɱЩ޾еͨʥ鼯Щʥ鹦֮ʱ֮ 
ЦſڵֺαһҪʥѻ񴫳еأԴʥ鼯ıԶ֮ҲֻǻʥйضѣҪͻȻϵʧȥټԻϵڼѰʥ󷨴䣬ֱȷʥ󷨴֮Ѳϵ֮Żȥʥ鼯ҵڵõ֤ʵǰӦò˻ʥ󷨴еġʱǱߺè׽ϷԼΪʵ˶ɲ֮ʱ̫˼ˣ 
䣬˵ĵɣϻһѹʥߣܲܽȫȥѰɣֻҪ׷鵽˵򣬾Ͷ˻ʥ󷨴֮£ǵѣܲϼһｫ˰ɣ 
˫۵ɵϴ󣬾ʵʲôǶǴӵģ 
˴ķӦһ㶣ʵǴ󲿷ǴӵĲҲڵ֮ʱõʥ鴫Уֺι˴Сأ 
˵꣬ҲŹ֣ѣҲķԴأס˶ʮҲûʲô󷨴֮û뵽뿪Ŷ϶꣬ڵ֮ϻʥ鴫У 
Կڵѹ˵мػ̫ϵԭΪ֮ʣ 
ҪڣȵЩĿǲǵĽװ 
ǽڴ˵ĿӦޣǶͼ壬δܽΣ屾һҡ 
ֻǸѰʥ鴫䣬ܽɱʱˣСѩͻȻ󵨵ĵ 
۾һҲСѩȻ֮ϸҲеתͷʵɱĿж󣿡 
ϸ˻ῪڵڵοɱȷʧΪһʱ֮ĺð취ɱ֮·ͬСɣһСķǻһȫļƻУ 
¶ע֮ɫֽŵ˶ӵżԪ񣬵ǵ屻Ԫ񶼻᷵壬Ҫɱ񣬾ͱҪаԪԪӻ󣬱ػΪǴ 
˽֮βֱ˵ֵ 
΢΢ͷһ˵ԪֻǿᲢи߼˲֮ܽǴ˵еԭʼӦҲͨ˵ԪҲȽʵټ⵶ǿҵĴЭҪʵδ񳹵Ҳûпܣ 
˵Ҳһɵã 
תɻĵ㷽˵ʲôк𣿡 
æ͵ԭʼԴˣǴʼ滹ڻ֮ʱѴƬռ֮УȴһֱۼһǶ˽ҲֻǴһЩĴ˵ѣںܾǰȺʲôħͷЩ񿪹սЩҲΪǳħս󣬲֪ĴԼֲ˼ǿʵͨȴǴӲɲŽ뵽֮еģ˷ǳڶ࣬ȴ˸ȥ񣡡 
üô˵ҲֻͨеѣЩʲô֮ʱҲֻӵķݣ 
æΪЩµģԭʼȫǴӲȥ֮ͨ£˵ͨ˵磬ĸ޹ȥǵ񣬲п֮ 
Ļ΢΢˵ͷڻЩڣԼ֮в֮ˣһ֪Щ֮ϻûʲôµĴڣ黹ֻһһȽǰ֮˵ˡ 
һתͷԻԺٵ۴ǱһңʱʥǿʼֹͣӴȽӦʹЭ£ʱӦûΣʥ鼯ŵΣ֣취ϵʥŵӽӻʥأҪǱ¶ʥ󷨵ܣ 
ϴ㾡ܷǱޣһᴦõģ 
˵ͷֶʱֹӽߵϵӦûʲôɣ 
ŵĵɷģȻٶӽҲ 
ĵĵȷʥ鴫ȷ֮ǰԳҹɷ֮ʱ֮ڡ 
˵ʵôˣ 
䣬ڱ㴫ʥˣʥϵĺڷսʿȫߣ˵ҲɢȥȺηѶʥ˵һһӦ⾧ʯǾҲȫǽڿһսгΪϵעĿĽ㣡 
Ϊӽѱ巢ֲΪǶ֣ԲͻȻġ 
ͷҲã񲢲֪ɳӽǱʥ鼯Ҳ֪Щӽ߸δκˣʥʱ佫ԼҲԸһԪ˵ļ񣡡 
ֶʥ鼯֮½һţ˼СѩаٴԾϵ۴뵽ۺǱޡ 
һֱǱе˿ʱʧչ֮ʱоԼ˴ȫһڷǳףԼѽļޣڿʼͨҲܶԼκ˺ԼʱʵҲǿ뵽˵ľ磡 
εҲͬʱԼʥ鴫еܣʱȴûбҪϴڻһȥСĵ̽飬Ϊڳһ˲䣬Щ֮ܵԺʹָ֮ƣ֮ʱֱãһٵ֤ 
ʵļޣԼϵźҲǿҵĺ֮ģѿԵĸоųεĺʵһصơ 
Ըо֮ڷӡһЩԼǳҪϢԼһЩ˼ڵʵΪȴԾ޷ƿӡЩϢ 
γԶ޹󣬱㽫ȷһߣϣԼʵٶȥ̽ӡڵܡ 
չֵһ֮£Ҳͬļ֮ģǱף 
ǰһֱΪȻ֮ʱԼԪںϵһ𣬵֮ԼԪڷԻ׻̬֣Ǵ֪׵ʵҲûı뷨 
˴Ǳ֮ȴķ֣ȻѻγɳԼϣ⵶δʹ֮ʱҲһֱڳ֮ϣ׵ȴɴԼԪһһصķʽԼʶ 
Լʶ̽뵽Ԫ֮ڣܿԪһŰ͸СԲ̬֮ǰһ޶оСԲĳֶԼԼʶҪǰ֮ʱȴֱһεĶס޷*Բ 
֪ԲεⱾ֮ڻܵԼȥ̽ȴԼʱ޷֪̽Լ󾱴ĺһ㡣 
֪ЩǿȵԼʵٴǿ֮ʱȥƽԼϵ֮Ҳ٣ձ׼λʥǵķλ˲ƶȥ 
˲ڴ˴Ǳ޺ֵ֮һôܿǿзƶ֮ʱƶЧ˲֮Ų֮ǿԾ֮ͬŲ֮Ծ֮þ̬ռ佫Լ͵Զǿ֮У˲֮ȴ*쵽ķƶٶ˲䵽Ŀĵأ˲֮ʱȫܿʱͿռƣܶԶľ붼˲伴



ھ ޿ռ

   ʥϵ֮ͣסΣԣ͸뵽ϵڽ̽飬ͬʱٴ˲Ƶʥǵر֮ϡ ǰ֮̽Ľ񾪲ѣֻʥԶͨѶϼһ㣬ȫһƬɳ֮أްӽΪ 
֪ʥ鼯ź˺ֱʣȻӽ߽ԼѶˣ 
֮࣬ʥȫת˲㽫ϵڡ 
ϵҳһţΪսĶԿǾźͺڷĹȫλսʧȥͳսЧã 
ٴе𾪵ǣǹΧڵҲʥһ⵽ӽߵŰǹȫʧȥдӽԼʥ鼯սʿ̫ϵԶǿսһš 
Ϊ̫ϵӽ̫ڶ࣬ʥ鼯̫ϵߣȻǿЩӽߵסȴֵֹۣ˵ʥ鼯ŵгԱʥ鹦֮ʣЩǵضӽޣԲ̫ 
ƺ̫ϵս˲˹ȥ 
һִǿ壬սʿĸʵǿȴԾеӽս֮ʱбΣգڶʱڽһΧڵӽߺӽǱʧΣգ 
ɳӽ߼ڶ࣬ӽپݣΪ˽ͣ˴ε̫ϵսУʵԺǿ巴صսȦĵڶߣΪʥսʿԿƼӽս 
Ϊʥսʿӽߵս֮ʱȻѽ䳹𣬵ȴʥӻľܻױҲѱӽˣټʥ֮ʣӽ޶ǵĹЧΪĲƷԴӽҲֻƾʵӲƴ 
ӽߴĹƿƺͣȴͻʥսʿɵĵһߣЩòͻʥսʿɷߵӽߣ³ңΪȴǵһ̵սʿ 
ⳡһʼڶ쳣ҵսѳ˽ʱ䣬ӽߴһֱδܳʥ鼯սʿսʿɵߣڽӵ֮ǰҲˡʥ鼯źҲ޷ЩΪڶӽֹֻ̫ܶܽӽߵĽϮ 
ʱСѩֳʥ鹭ʥװһȺŮʥսʿֵŵĹӽߵĽ 
ھ˳ʱսĥСѩҲֽ̬֮սеһλȫҫɫâŮսһͻ徫Ĵʥװػ£֮ӽ߳Ծ˿ͷ 
СѩԶԼٳʮͷӽޣЦľʥ鳤ڹһΣ˲ʱɫ״ɫ㳯żӽȺȥ 
һСѩȺӽҲᣬ䱸ľų׼ӭӽߵ 
սѷǳḻСѩӽ߳õϮֶָƣ֪ǰȺӽֻӽԼֶζѣͨǱһӻߣֻҪЩӽ޳ԼǰʹԼӦ֮ʱǱӽ߱ʱܶԼͻϮ 
Сѩļ깥£Ⱥӽѱ룬ʣµЩӽҲڴʱʧ٣ 
Ⱥӽʧ֮ͻȻʮӴһֵ֮ƳСѩСѩһû뵽ξȻʮӽϮԼԽ֮ƳԼʮСѩ侪ң֪ԼҲһУäĿӲһǶԼ첻̫˺ֹԼսҲἰʱʱԼ˷֮ʱ 
Сѩ󣬱㽫΢΢ƵֻһĽǶȣͬʱסǰڶСѩǵǰһ˲䣬СѩֻǰһƬâǱûԼʧ٣ʮҲͬ 
δСѩعƬâѻһǰ 
СѩϤӰػЦݡǳ˫ĿѼļһ˵Ļ 
ʥ˲Ƶ˴ս֮ʱʥս־ĵףСѩܵȻǵһʱ໤ĻȥЩܲܶСѩ˺ 
ʱŮսʧȥǻս⣬ڳս͵ĸ־ҲĳֶڻֻĻһ¾ñ飬ûǻʮӽ߿ڲԶ֮Щӽ߶Լ˿˺ 
ʮӽ߼ԼͻȻʧս֮ϻ䶼ԾСҲ˱ֹͣʮֳСѩ֮ȥ 
ȻŹЩ˺Сѩ֮ˣοǻԼĵˡ΢΢ɢһЩסСѩЩԼ˵˿ᣬԼϻóʮӰԿ쵽ٶȷֱʮӽ߷ȥ 
ʮСѩ֮ʱóӰƥѽʮӽ˺ٳе䱾ʣʮȻ˿˺óӰɱӽ֮Ϣ뵽ڡ 
ս֮ΪСѩȥóɱӽߣʵֻ˼̵ʱѣʱѶҪԮСѩŮսʿǶĳֶԵ쳣Ϊ֪ĳֱⳡֹս֮ʱ伤ȴҲֻվ˽Զ֮ǶȥƻѩƬ̵ܰ 
ЩŮսʿ֪ȤһͻȻȫնգ 
ϴڻˣҪٲǿɡ棬Һʱˣ 
⻰һӽս֮ʱӵսеϢ˸˶סԼĶ֣ȸ˹ 
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ǰһֱΪβӰӣ˻ĻȻӦʥսʿԼ̫˺ԲһƬȿռ䣬Խ뵽ռ֮С 
Ҳ֪²˳٣æԻռڵķλ 
̫ϵⷽıԵҴϴȥ 
Ż˵ķλɿɨҡͷˣټһ£ܻ䣬ǰʧȥټ 
̫ϵԵһС΢΢Ť֮ǰ֪˴ռڣȥ̽һ޷룬ֻ÷Ť֮˽ȥ 
һƬȫ޵Ŀռ䣬ûκʣûռһƬţ󣬱ҲҲղŵڡ 
ǰΪռΪƴ죬ӦúСŶԣɵŷﻹһĴҪҵǶںδǶʥɣ 
˳ʥȴӾȣ֮ʱֻоƬռǳ֮ȴû뵽̶ֳȣޱ߼ʣƾԼ˴Ǳ޺ʥȻҲҲͷûҵ˵Ӱӣ 
޷룬ֲ֪ôռ߳ȥ֮£ֻܽ˵Ȼ˲֮ͣı任λϣԼҵеĶˣ 
ʱƣԽԽ޾Ŀռ֮Ѱ֮ã˲֮÷λҲʮΣȴδҵԼ֮κˣκʣ 
ʱѽף⴦ռͲ죬һƬƽе޿ռ䣬ֻǿһͨ⴦ռŻѡѽ죬Ŀռ֮ڣһϵҲѽҵοҪˣǣԼʧƬռ֮УӴ˴ƿռ֮ڻصʱ֮УҲͬΪûͼʧλҪââ֮ҵϵڣֲ֪Ҫȥʱ䡣 
ʱЩѣѰԼһʱռб任λˣҵ˵ϣȷ̫ãƿռ֮ڷ֮УҲỨܳʱܷϵһҲ޷ΪԼ 
岻֮ʱȴϲķԼıԵɿĴܽӰһϱ㷢һ񣬽׷İ֮˺ܱܿˣʱȴ̫ҶΪ˵ĵòԼеȥԶǰ֮ӦһδҰʮ֮ˣһֱ׷ȴһΪӢˣƻԼҲԳƵѹˡ 
κ˲ᣬһֱ׷ܣȻǵӰҲԸͣһ˲֮£ѵİ֮䣡 
֮ȷǷͬѰİ˺׷ӵٶȱǼ죬ͻȻ֮ʱǼͬʱͣ񡰹ԡǵֵһ㣡 
ͻȻ֣ڴϲҪǰ֮ʱȴյװҲʶ˲㵽 
Ҳ޶֮ˣ˵ҲлҪˣͣԭý䱸ϷĹһҲ 
ӦĶİ˵ڴòмĿ⿴˿תͷôʱҲǷһҪſȥ 
ͻȻֱͷǳȣټܶж̽⣬ҲδϷ˿ʱ֮Ժ󣬸ݸеĪ⣬ʱ䱸ĿһʱҲ֪ 
ȴһϵĴʲô֮ڴ˰£ѵҪ׼ 
һԭʼò֮£û뵽ЩСȫҵȷҵҪƾʲô˵˿񻰣 
ѷƵԶ֮赭дķֳȥ 
ƴӳһӭȥͬʱӲҾͲĵط桭񻰻δ˵꣬ѳķ˳ȥ 
ʵղֻӳһƸδκĿıҪ񿴵һȫδ֪ĹʽԼݣЩڳ֮ǰ֪񣬶ҲǢô 
ʱȫסΪʵ벻ͨղ赭дĵΪܽʵɳȥģ 
ȥ󣬸պõԲͣΣĿһۣתҪӣ 
ԼǵôϢޣüϵ 
ıᣬ޻ɣ䣬㳯ȥһشټֻˣҲֻ֣ƴǰ 
ʧó⵶˴ȥ 
֪⣬ó⵶һȥٶٶȣһ



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˫ȭ⵶֮ʱͻȻջĲһ˲תһ 
Ҳȷ˵ãȻڵסǰͬʱּʱӲһִټĻȫסȫһھ⵶ʥ֮ʱشǰ˷˳ȥ 
ԼĹܶɴˣʱڴ󶨣ǳԼƣÿξ⵶󹥻ֻҪջһС֣ȫԼĵټԼ˲֮ܣҪɱӦò£ 
ձǰ˳ȥָоһղȫͬٴηɿĳԼϮ֮£δͣȣó˾δõĽ״նȥ 
ʼ֮ʱѷ˳Զȴ͵Ϯʱüѷ֮ӴӺ泯ȫȥ 
ܴ˳˫йڹؼ֮ʱҲӲҾ³ǲҲӺ˸ 
ӽȥ޲ϵĴˣܣʣһҲֻǿ֧ڿУ 
ʱѷԣĿ⿴ż񣬿ֱʱףֿʼԼվ˱ɱԼȦ֮Уֱʱ֪ǻɱԼ֮ǺݣģΪʱ޵Ŀռдκ 
ǿ˼ڶԻ壬Ԫ񷵻磬ҪȫķϣұһСܣʥ鼯ŵʥһֱѰʥ󷨴ҲΪãһĻʥ鴫У֪Լδ֮£ҲӦĿ˰ɣ 
˵ȫһͷ¡ 
ɫֱ֮ӽκηʧɢ޾֮У 
Ҳɲ٣뵽Լޱ߼ʵ֮ãתͷûȻôһռ֮ڣè׽ϷҪѣ⴦ռ֮ҵĵҲһҵǵڣ 
һ㶣ԳѸеЦͷϣҲֻЦ͵֪֮ʱұԴ֮˽ϴΪֻҪͬһռ֮ʱұʱӦڷλǰս뵽Ƭռ֮ʱұѸӦȻܣٶȳ֮˭֪ȴһٴı÷λҪ֪޿ռ֮и޷ʹŲԾ֮Ҳֻ׼úķλ׷ˣҪǴһطͣһ㣬Ǳˣ 
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ȻҲΪѹȥС۲ݣ㲻Ǻ󣬲Żŭ 
̨ҲֵתƻĵʵҲǿ˶ΪһֱڣԲֻظʵѵҲһֱ뿪𣿡 
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ΪȻıܾɲ壬뵽֮ˣһ׷ǿΪԼĿ꣬˱֮ͨУǶϾһϣδһ˳õһȺһ𣬲Ӵֻһ꣬ʮʮ굽ûʲôǧһһһ˻ʲôȤԣ 
ɫ΢䣬ȻֻǸһǡֻ˵˶ǾĿ޶ɣǶĺܶ¶ѿ͸׷ֻǸĽ͸ǿʵֻĻ£ΪṩĿԣ 
㵱ΪĿģϣҳΪ֮㷵ˣͻȻʵ 
ϵĵһֱϣܷΪǳСûûִܱ˼𣬸޻ص磬˵ĳֱҷĻҲƴȫ˶ɹеĽѣֻ˳ɹϴλ֮ʱܼҵĴڣ 
֮˵ףҲڰޣᶨĵ˵ͷ޹໰ķʽ϶Ĵ𸴣 
Ҳǻص֮µʱˣСѩͻ˵İΣϣܾϻȥ뵽ââʧ˷ֻÿʵҵ㿪Ŀռڷλ𣿡 
ͷڽ֮ʱǴʩ˿ռ֮ӡʧλģ 
ڴɵЦĶ֮䣬ǿռ֮ӡģ 
񲻺˼Ľ͵ЩѧڱʶԺ׵ģҪǼһҲռ֮׷ˣ 
޿ռȥ֮ʱ˺ļλ춼ŤĿռ֣֮˲̽ǿպ󣬸ȵĶԻʵЩӽȫ𣿡 
δ忪ڣٴȴڲǰЩӽȫͻȻûʣ£Ҳ֪ô£ 
ռڵ֮Բڵû뵽ǼһȻԼӽȫԪ䣡 
Ԫʲô⣬ЩӽߵͻȻʲôϵʵ 
͵һּа䷨ʩߵԪ֮ʱҲ𣬲ʩ֮ʱȴԸ֮²ܽУ 
ĽͺѴľʵѾɱ𣿡 
΢Цĵͷղѱ˺ȥ 
̫ˣϵһ㣬ִϵϵ֮ҲҪȥƺ󣬲Ȼػ˵ɣ˵ 
Ը֮ȻԼش󣬱˻صս״ʥ֮ڣ 
ڣǷĶԶʱʧΪصģӦǹˣǹʥ鼯Ŷ𡭡 
δ˵꣬Ѵϵʥ˹ˣӽߵϮ׼ӽ߸սǹΧ֮ʱǹĴϵͨ׼õľʹͲ֣תƵԶϵ֮ϣǹؽ֮Ǳػع 
ѹڵĴʯ˴ʱŵʱڴ죬תͷԻǿƼϧǵͲеͨܶ˺ȻǼչʥ鹦׵ĿƼ㲻ѵס׷ɱˣ 
˵ֵ֮ƾԼһˣѵס׷ɱһ֪Լ˲֮ʵǿǰܲʩչԼʧȥ˲Ƶƣ׷ɱ֮ʱԼڳֻʣʵ֮⣬ֻʵ̫ԶʥսʿԼһܶԿ˵ǿͨĿ飡 
Ļ˼Ŀڵ뵽һһԷչԿ˵ĿƼҪʵȴҪðһЩգδ˳ԣҲ֪ǷĿУ 
ʲôԴǹģϣչԿ˵ĿƼʵ 
һ־ʯΪ񾧣еʯЩơЩеʯ۴ȻɣǻҲӴɵľʯ۵еĻ־ʯȻγɣҪⷽƶɣӵдĻ񾧣һƳһЩԿ˵ĿƼ֮лû˵˭оƼҲûԹ˷ǷУ 
΢һ˼󿪿ڵǷУֻûһԲ֪֪񾧵֮ƾڵΪǷƣ 
ͷƻ֮Ҳ֪ľԣƾʯ֮ʱ£ҷʱ侫Ҳ̫ߣƳľʯԼû̫ԺƣһҲҵ࣬*ԼƻԼ˲࣬˵ʥ鹦ԣӦÿпٵƳȽϸߵĻ񾧡 
ͣһֲɴ񾧲ҲԼʥսʿٶҲǱ 
ЩĶĵ޷Ǳ磬ֲ˻ʥ󷨴ߣ 
ͨкܴ˵ҲԼ٣һͨСһ㶼Ҫʱ䣬ÿ磬ᱻ¼ᣬȻ󱻴ȥһЩĻʶɣҪǱ뵽֮Уֲ֪Ǿ޿֮£ȴһַĽ뵽֮У 
ʲôæʵ 
Ǳ뵽ڶУȻɲ廮֮ڣ뵽֮У 
ɻΪҪǱ뵽ڶ֮Уǲ֮ˣӦԳеĻѹ 
ҡͷֻܴӵڶռн룬ͲеɺҲֻһ֮ټɺ߲棬ֱڶ棬ʵɲ뵽֮УĲбɲ壬Ǿ޽֮£ڶʱڽƿֱ֮磬һע⣬֮˸ܻὫʥ뵽һֻǱ뵽ڶ֮УȻԶߵݽ磬ɲ̫ע⡣ 
û뵽绹ô鷳Ϊ˰ȫһֻΪѵĴˣǱڶ֮»貿ҪβܲעǱ뵽ڶ֮أ 
˴δ磬ݺٶᱻע⵽ϵĵͨƾʵȫԴ뵽߲֮Уֱ뵽ڶ棬㲻κעˣ 
ҽ뵽󣬻᲻ᱻ˿ʥ鴫ߵأʵ 
ɵĵ֮ʹóɽ컯ֻҪʹʥ¶ʥ鹦Ķԣƴ֮ʱҲ˿ʹõǺֹ 




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   ΢ʵУӦҲðȻʹû᲻鷳 Ц׵࣬Ƕδʱ̬Դ䣬㲻˵ƣܽ뵽һ𣡡 
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˵ֱϴ꣬ʱֺα±׷ɱͻȻʵ 
Цôף꣬ټ֮ʵҲϴϣ˵ϴȥʱΪѡµ飬׷ɱʥ󷨴ߣҲһǵҪһȺʵǿΧ˾ǿҲѵֵ˵ûԼҲ 
ʲô߰ģˣ˵ģ֪˵ЩʲôˣɴҲһΪϴˣִ 
һϲԼҪܳΪϴǱֵܣʱʽλԼǷ 
룬Ҳ˵ЩڴĿα̬ 
ı鿴ҲʱڰԼæĻм˵ͷڿʼʥ鼯ŵĺĳԱ֮һ 
ϲĵлԣллϴ󣡡˵ָмĳ˵ͷ 
˵ͷֶǱҪӵһֵܵ׷ɱУε֮Ƿȥɣ⸽ϵĲоұǰȥ񾧣 
忪ڵЩСǻᴦϴ㲻Ϊ˷ģ֮мȻѾΪȥΪãǸ̫Ȥˡ 
һµðɣЩȻʱܳʥ鼯ڵʵټ֮Ӧòʲôǣ 
ͣһֶ˿ڵϵԾĴսңڱɿʼƺ֮£Ϊʥ鼯Ѱһפأһ£һк֮ܶеҪ˽һ£˵㳯ȥ 
պϵۺ֮ڣİ֮£ܿҵĴǿڷĴУ֪ͨȥͨһеһںڶ 
ûԥķ֮ⷴͨУͨ棬ͣӴѱ˺䱾ԭӵϸ΢ʳȻЩѲܶԴʱ˺֮ͨǰЩǿǿĳ£˲֮ʹãֻǿʥ峯ǰУ 
֮ͨں޹ԣֻ*ӦΧΣһκ־޴֮ͨڳһЩԽСͨξϪСӻɴ󽭴һ㣬Щ۴ӴǴЩСͨڻ㼯 
ЩСͨϲеĺڶڣ֪ЩͨûʲôѡıҪѡһСͨɴ˽ȥ 
СͨǿͣԴͨĶ࣬ڷеٶҲӿ˲٣ 
ֹһʱ䣬ǰͻȻһһƬȺԻƵǿ֮УһСƬɫεŤռ䣬е塰ڶ 
Ӻڶڷɳѡһ˲˳ȥȻѵ棬ҲȥֿڶȻ̶ֳȵʲôвӺڶڳڵʥҲʣ࣬ҪҸطظȻͻȻΣ֮ʱֲ 
ոʩչ˲֮оԣǰ˲Ƶ󣬾ȻѲϵ˲ƣֻٶȼķƶѣܿ϶ӦеṹйأоеϵĲеŨ࣡ 
һͣΣó⵶һȻЩصԼڣ 
һˣʥ󷨼ֱǾ䣬ҲֻʥԲܽ⵶ջڣҲΪԼκʱҲҪٵĿյ⣬ֻҪԼԸ⣬ʱԱʥ 
ظʥȫɢ˳ȥϣܾҵƬǿϵۡ 
ղŵ˲ư㣬ܵеӰ죬ɢٶȽǰ࣬ɢȥķΧҲСֻ̽⵽Сϵѣ׼Բδе̫⡣ 
ȷǰǲʹõŲԾ֮ǷﰲȫʹãΪ˱Ҫ鷳ʹٶԾɿ켫˲֮ƬǿѰϵ۵λã 
ޣȻ׼һ򣬲ͣ˲֮ɴܳȥʮμƶδ˵ľϵĴֱӷɳϵһƬտУֳǰɴһξ󣬲ͣתƬϵ 
ʱƬϵһξ룬ȥ׵ķֱϵ״Ȼ׼ϵֱ֮߷ƹȥ 
һѵƬϵľʯ֮⣬ֱ߷Ƶ;Уͨ˲ٿƼսǿзУҲһЩƼǳҶ϶Щ߿Ƽ޿ܷԼͻȻ֣Ϊ֦δͣĳ۷ƶȥ 
ճһСΣ㾪ķԵȻ˲һռ㣬лһЩֵԼҺδäĿʹŲԾ֮Ȼܻܿ˱뵽δ֪ռ֮С 
ͣڵǵռ㣬ԲᣬֱƽȥֻҪŲԾ֮㲻κΣգȴòСӦ 
ףԼȻǰǲʱѽΪԼǲвκͨڣȫֲεɵִǲͬиԭʼԣԼҲ޷ȫǿĹ 
ռΪֹ֮˺ͿƵģ͹Ӧö̫̽ЩͬʱҲԼжܵס˺Ȼ߽ͨڲ 
δǷðս֮ʱƬյܣͻȻԾʮСսγ˺Χ֮ƣ 
һû뵽ԼֻͣƬ̱㱻˷֣ҷӦҲ֮졣֣սԾԼγɺΧ֮ʱһƬȫռ䣬ռǱΪ˷ֹԼԾŲ֮ܶʱá 
ҲַȷǷǳЧһ֮ˣʧȥŲ֮ٶսȣһֻ£ֱʮսΧס߻治һѣѵõǣǽôһƬղóռ䣬Ȼֻһ˲ɣǸ߲Ͳࡣ 
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*Լֻ˲һЩĳٶԶǿգǲЩΧסԼСսͷҲصĳڷȥ 
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ǿͨȻЩΣգƾ⻤׵ıϲе鹦Ϊ㲻ͨҪȫ˻ӦҲ£ʱٿ֮Ҳ١ܰȻͨķȻòֻҪԼ۵ĺ֮ҲûܵȥԼ鷳ˣЩսҲܻ׷ɱȥ 
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Լһǿ΢ͺڶһ㣬Լɿӿ 
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һ˲Ķ˼ȫľϻʮٵĳܷɴܳȥϣЩһֵԼܵϮͳ̶ȣ 
йȻЧԭֻһ㣬ͻȻֶʮЩϮ˳ȥֻܵһС֣ľĿ֮£ȻȻȹεϮ 
ֽⷽʩüκоյͨķ˿棡 
ҲȥЩСսԼȻͨкηӦ׼λ󣬱ٶȳ۴ƶȥ 
۷Χ֮ںȻԼ˺ܴѹ˺֮ҲҪƴʥӻⳤǿӦһμѡķƺڽۺĴƽռڡ 
һνϵۺĴ֮ʱͬӾＸãʥҲܼԶ⣬֪ǲͬεľ޴ࡣ 
ĿǰΪʵֱӽͨϴһ״Ƶһеĺڶ֮⣬ۺ֮ڽΪȻͨ 
֮ǰ׼֪ͨͨǰǱ޷ʡȥģȻｫʥ鹦ҪԼʮϵʱ䣬Ҳ 
Һʮ꣬ʱ䣬ڵʥ˸˵̫ãǳԼʥսʿڴӸϵ֮º󣬱붬ʽĳǱޣҲȥʥ鼯֮˻ĵĵȴĹȥ 
ǰۺ֮ľ飬˴εǱҲ൱˳ٴչ֮ʱҲ޷ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬Ĭһ´˴Ǳ޺Ϊע˺ϵӡԼԪ֮ڵⱾ塣 
ԺԾ޷ƿ󾱴طӡҲδȥΪ¿գźķӡԼϣҲܻܵԼΪҪƿӡ̽Ҳǳ֮¡ 
ֽʶԪǿԲ״Ȿ̽ȥԲΧǵθȴûг֣ʶǺ谭Ľ뵽Բ֮ڣ



ʮ ػ

   ʶս뵽Բ֮ڣ㷢ԼȻ뵽һƬ֮УԼʶȻҲΣԼıһ޶ ھǺδ֮ʱǰͻȻðһȶһ߲ʳСŮˣΪСŮΪҲʵ̫˵㣬ͷͷСҲߣСŮҲȷȲ˵Ƕ߲ʹ⻪С򣬾ΣټԳκݣֱŨ;ͻȻֵһ˲ѿĳˣȫԼεغĿģ˶ĸͷͨŮС֪ʲôķӦ 
СŮֺ󣬱ǰλεĵƶμ񣡡Զʤκν 
СŮŻعԽЩĿСŮʵʲôˣΪγΪʲôط 
ƶƬռػ飬ǻԷƶΪˣռ䣡СŮƶ 
˵μʱľ飬ʱҲδȥֱӷԼݣֿڵΪʲôԼȴ֪ܸô𣿡 
ƶΪתãδȡصļ䣬Բ֪ԼݣȡԼļ֮ʱ³ΪĻ񣡡 
ʲôˣתô£ʵ 
ƶŴǻռΨһһλռǧǰ밵ڿռڵİħս֮ʱͬھԪ֮ǲģԪӰڿռڻ󣬱һֱȴתʱǻת֮ˣ 
ڴԼôԽԽˣʥ֮ʳˣĪĺǸϵһСŮ˵ǻһռڵռļӦòǸ 
ռжʲôطʵ 
ƶֹûһ˿ͷ֮ģʣռʼ棬Ҳǰڻռ󣬱ޱߵĻпһƬǿʺĿռ䣬ʼ棬ҲǺ磬ȻʼдһͨһƬ޿ռͨòͣӿ뵽ʼеĹʣӴͨ޿ռУԭ޵Ŀռɺڶ棬֮ڶй־ͨ뵽һƬµ޿ռ䣬Ӵһһγɣ 
ڵ𾪣ҲŷƶĻشԽԽǲˣû뵽ҲһֿɣÿһγҲ֮ʣϵĴˣ 
֪еһǴӺɣЩ˵еԭʼǷҲһӻռأʵ 
ԭʼû贴ĻսʿǶԿȺħһ֧ǿƶ 
˿ǿԼ侲ȻһᱻЩⷶΧ̫¸þ 
һ·ƶǰ˵֮ºּʵڿռǸʲôڣǰȺħʲô 
ƶڿռռһ㣬ǷǳӴĴԪռ䣬ռȫЩԪأҲǳаǳսҲǿǾԵĴԪռ֮ڣһЩԪռڵȫԺܶ͵ĴԪռ䶼齨һЩǽзڿռȥѹǵ桭 
ͣͣͣҪ˵ȥˣЩ̫ӣҲ̫ԶԺпȥ˽ɣȸôȷұתģϷƶĻ 
ƶĻ˿Ϊ⣬ͺĴ𻰻һ㣬æֵƶɵ֮һֻӵӡǣԷƶϴ 
ӡǣѵҺϵ룿Ľ뵽һ 
ӡǣҲת֤뿴һ㣬ȴռйɺʹдӡļͲдĴʼƶ 
ЩڴĵܲܰҽЩӡȡԼȡЩʱЩСˡ 
δüˣƶһưˮתãڵ廹޷ЩʼðȻȡҲֻΪٴεĻ𣬿ӡֻԼﵽʱпƶҲ޷ 
ڻǴʼת뵽ڵղ˵ֻ񡭡Ҳһһûʲôҷģȥȡã 
ƶĲδش֮ǶЦƶ˵ȶ߲ĳת˳ȥ 
ƶһЦԼնˣƶѷɳһκŻعæ׷˳ȥ 
ƶеٶȺȻҲ̫죬ûɳԶ룬ǰԶֳһΪӵ¥ԼҪٶųԾʱԾЩ벻ͨ¥һֱδΣԼҲǴԶ״ģͻȻռԾô̵ľ֮£ԼǰһΪûأԼɢȥʥҲ˿δĴڣ޷ͨ£ֻܽ۶Ϊʵ̫ǿĶҲֵףԼӦĶҲ֮ˡ 
¥濴Ϊ㣬ÿ㶼νƶӵײΨһһ󿪵Ż˽ȥ 
¥ں󣬼мտյǽȴʵĵǹԼһЩ׺Ϳõ 
û뵽ıװȫҲ֪ôŽģҲһưɣ 
ЩͻȻ뵽һ¶Էƶʵ˿Իóκ̬ףЩװʲôأ 
ƶʵֻŶͽѣûɻ׻ֻһܣûɵĻ׺סȣ㲻ˣ 
ٴľһֱΪʹãδ֮ǰĹܺЧñǰֹǧٱûĻ׺ȻޱȽԿԣװǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ 
ĶĿڵ˵ﶼܷӳȫתǰ죬֪ڻ᲻Ϊ 
ƶ񲻱ΪģΪ֮ʱҲͬʱȫΪˣ񶼿ʹã 
ֻǰһκͺ漸֣ȫû⵽ƶ˵ġ֣Ľֵ˶֮ⲻƶ˵꣬ϲĵ̫ˣЩ֮ĻЩС׷ɱ 
˵꣬ƶæ͵ЩȡطӡڵĴʼ󣬲ܷǵʹǣǻ罫ʹóĻ׺ΪǵԱڴʼļ²ܷӳʹֻܱȷǿôһ㣡ƶ˵Ȼ͵Ц 
ƶ˵ĻװףƶĻ˵Լѿʼȷȥ 
ȻĶҲʹãҲʧȥȤ¥һ㣬ֳϣĵʲôȥ˵˵¥ڵľƮȥ 
ɵ¥ȴ¥м䴦˰ɫĴ󵰿ǣ⵰ǣں֣ǼоȴӴ󵽲˼һԼһ쳣֮У֪Ǹʲôõģ 
ת뵽Ȼ֮ŷͬѰ֮Լֱ֮ͨʷƶˣαϸأ漴ƶ󵰿Ǹʲô 
ƶ̥ǣڻռ̥ģ̥ǵϰ벿ֱĥ˻ռ֮Уǰ뵽һ֮У޵Ĵʣµ°벿֣ΪԼϢͽ֮ã 
̾뵽ԭеǧԴ鵰ǣ뵽Ȼ鵰Ϣͽ壬ȻҲ⣬ԼҲȥһԼΪԾʽŶԡ 
뵽Ȳĳŵȥ߿ʵƶ⵰ôõģǲҪȥ 
˭֪ߵԱߣƶȴͻȻסеĿڵǧ򲻿ɣ 
һ֪ûϷˣԲס˾䣺Ϊʲô 
ƶȥæ͵̥ڸ̫֮Ӵ󣬶ڲŸոտʼ֮ǰðȻ뵽̥òֺô̥ڵ֮ڵ 
ſڵûôֲɣ 
ƶԶԡ 
ʱѿʼû뵽Լǧ̽׵ܣһҵ˶ĺñû뵽ЩȫԼ˫ûһԼʹãǸǧģ 
ѲϣڵĿǰõĶ𣿡 
ƶ΢΢һ²ŵڵռڵȷǶʹãһԹȴڼ֮ʱüΣ 
˫Ŀ΢ظһɵʲôܣ 
ƶʵѾùһˣǱǽԼռ֮У 
ûѪĴʲôܣĶֻܿãѵû»Ҫܽβɣ 
˵żƶίֱ̬еԼĶˣæĵԲƶҲãúģ 
ƶ⣬ֻظЦݵƶأƶ˼ˣʶ뵽ռ֮ʱıҲᱻҲ˵ıԭ֮ͻȻʧӦΣ֮ʱʹô˷ӵռ˱Ҳټˣ˷ȴܾʹãΪٴδռڳȥ֮ʱֻǰ֪֮Աʧ֮壬ٴռڳȥ֮ʱΣˣ 
뵽ҲȻܳãԼĻʱΣأһαڶһǲ 
ڴռ̽еõһôҲЩοʵЩԭʼҲǻսʿܱʶǻ᲻ҵ 
ƶսʿ죬ǶżǿĸӦȻܱʶתȻҲ 
Դ²ʲôϣû뵽ƶһ϶Ĵ𰸣¿ϲ뵽ԼЩԭʼĻǸʲôҪһ仰ʵû뵽Ȼ׵Ľ벻ЦС 
Цʾһ£ȴû뵽ƶֲսʿӵ֮ʼ㱻ҲյʹǱػռ䣬ֵռе֣ԼԿħǲ˺ռڵκҲȥƻǵ淽ʽĹҲȥЩ¡ 
δƶ˵꣬Ѵܴ˹ȥ 
ƶ͵Цı֮ʱղŽֳ˵ǹˣŪԼ´ŭĵС龫ȻϷŪ񣬱ΪСҾͲ㣡˵ŻƣŻƶ 
˭ֲ֪Ÿոջ𣬷ƶ޵ֳ̬֮֮ϵ飬ֱΪ֮Ϊ֮ɫ״ܵˣԼֱеĵһˣ 
ʱĻ˵ԼķŭæϴֺȰȰ˼ЧѴܲ˵ı̾찡ҳȥɣҪҺСħһԼᱻġ 
ƶɫѵıݣֿЦ紺է֣︴գղŵ龰رԱȣ 
ƶָЦݣæץʵƶռĳ 
ƶЦŻش¥ǿռڣ 
ƶĻ䣬ѷ䵽¥֮ϣһŤĿռ䣬붼˽ȥʵܲˣСһû׼ 
ռ֮ʱԼȻǳڸղչʱվĵط 
Լǻ֮Ȼ˼뵽ԼϵķӡռڵźҲòȷ£ĿǰݶԼ˵Ҳֻкôûл͵ֻԼΪǲ˵£ȻԼ˵ĳǿʵռڵĴԼ󾱷ӡڴĴʼҲǳΪԼããҲȫ֮ʱԼѣֻǲ֪ݻ᲻Լʹͽѣ 
ʱҲȥ˼Щ̫Զ֮£ٴһЩǱ޺Ϊʥ۸˼ζ̾˲ƣȻΪ˲֮Ҳظ״̬ǰϵһ㣬⶯ 
Լʱ״̬ǳ⣬֪ڶ֮б㲻˼򵥣Ϊڶһ棬ֻһϵһӴ󵽲˼ĳϵҪ۴ؽķѲʱ䣬Ҳȫǲ˽ӴֻϣҪ˷ͻΪԼ鷳źã 
ȻʱΪʵ˶кҲֱӻռ֮ڽ뵽֮УһԼʧȥһȫؽʵһεĻᣬԸ໨ȥһЩʱ;ҲҪ֤Լͨǿ̬磬֮󣬾ΣҲЩĻᣡ 
Թ˲֮󣬱ֱӷۺڵ֮ͨڣε֮ͨУһ֮࣬ͨڣ⵶ڵķʽżѵĴͨ뵽˶֮С




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һ ֮

   ɳڶǰɳԶֱ뿪ΧͣΡ Ŀң󣬷ͲȻǲͬĿҲκκǾۼϵɶϵۼɵϵšĺǼǳ֮Զռ䶼Ե÷ǳտ޷ԶתĹɡ 
ڳǰ˵е棬ȴʮ⡣ 
ڼѵ֮УҪıȷΨһ۵ķλȻϹȥչǱޣ̶ȵԼʵ 
Ҫ*ԼѰͱʶȷ۵ķλѶȿֱܱӳȥսѡ 
ȻҲ״˵㣬ڵĵ֮Ѱеĸ߼취֮۵ķλڡ 
Щ˵£ʵڸʱڱȷĶƣңֻǶ̬ĺ棬Լӡ֤Լ˵ѡ 
վжƬң˰󣬱ʥɢ˳ȥϣڵһɢΧڱҵ࣬߼ס 
˳󣬱Щòԣ֮ʱڸǴ⡣ٶȷǳ֮ҽ޺ԼһźҲ޷ 
Ȼ˵еľ飬Խ߲ѹʹԼ޷ˮƽҲ׼ѹƵ̶ֳȣһʱܽܡ 
뵽Լһܡ˲ƣ⶯Χһ㣬峯Ǵƶȥ 
ƶĹ̻̫˵㣬ֿЦõĸоʲô˲ƣһԶĿٷжѡ 
ͣǲŸһС˲ƣַɿ˼Ӧ֮ 
ܼԶ޷һѰ߼ڣҲ˲֮ͣı任巽λʹáڿҲֻСŲ֮һλͣǰڶʱջ 
ǳտޱȵУҪСŲϹЧʥѰ߼ĴڣԼڶʱڱջǳ̡ʱӦҲʮꡢɣ 
ʱû˱ѡѵȴ˵ķֲɣ 
ڲƽĴ̾˿漴óСŲ֮ǰ澡ȥ 
棡һ棬ѵԼô˷ɡʹСŲԭظûƶֺ 
ƣơڶγʹСŲڵóһµĽۣ۲ȥ 
ѾȷСŲ֮иͲʹãڿʼôҪ֮ǼһȻԼҲ֪˻ǹϷŪԼԺлǵúúһɡ 
룬ʵǱԣһſѿҪˮΪʱһǳεĴ޷롣 
õƶʽԾѾ˵˲֮ڵ˲ֻǷжѣȻɵĻǹ죬еԶ̴÷ɵأ 
տޱȵ֮Уڵ˲ٶȴ֮ɵһŽϽĺǣҲҪʮʱ䣬ҪɵһԶĺȴҪһϣʱ䡣 
ո߼ڵı㣬ÿźڵСϵڣһŸ߼ڡڵķٶ̽ҪտѰҵ߼򣬾ҲҪʮ꣬ϰʱС 
Ҳ֮ʣڽп࣬һʱҲ֪ôźãҪĿѰ־ûʱȥ˷ѣǾڵΪʵֱƿռ֮ڽ뵽֮У콫Լڻ֮أڵʵһ¶ݣĻᣬҲһǵѡʣµһ·Ǵʱĺڶзص棬ٷԼȥȻ˷ǳʣûð취֮£ҲΨһҲõѡ 
תķɿ죬ЩʵԵ֮ʱʲô취롣ѡ֮ǰҲҷƵ̫ԶĵطʧλҪҸصĺڶҲѡ 
׼ĿģӺڶȥ֮ʱΧͻȻֵһ㾪ϲĿЦ 
ף֮ˣԷɳٶͨԼΧһȥ 
ϲ֮æɢ״̬ʥȫȻóǱʵ˲֮׷϶ȥ 
˵ķٶ֮пô׷žķ֣ǵķٶȻ޷Լʱ˲ٶȣԷٶ˵Ҳǿס 
ʱ׷ˣǴ۵ķΪھ֪۵ķλҲ޷ڶʱڵֻԼ뵽ĸ߼Ⱥ嵱У̽۵ݷǵѡ׷̫ⱻǷ֡ 
ڷ֮Уʼķзʽһϸŷ֣ǾȻȫ*ǿзУǽһַԼ崩ǿ֮С 
˽¶һҫŲͬ⻪Ķ̽Ƕ̽Ĺ⻪γһݣǸԵڣǲڶ֮̽ϣö̽γɵĹݴ峯ǰС 
һֱβ󣬷˽º˵ٶȲǰϵ֮С 
ȻҲ϶ϵڣûڣҲӦһ֮˻ĳȻ 
˵Ҳû׷ǡԷɵϵһϺٴνɢ˿ȥ 
ʥȻЧҪ̽һССϵȴԾСһת˲ѽϵڡ 
һ̽֣ԭȻи߾۾ӵǸȻûκλǴ֮ķƣǿ֮⣬ܲʱһЩŹ⽣ɽɳ⣬ټκػѲ֮ˡ 
ǰ˼βڲ˷֮½ڿֹǶǶˡ 
ΪܸõĻȥԼ״̬һԼǽϢȫأ΢΢һЩϢɢ⣬ԼŵⳤγΪձװʽ 
һ׼ֳǿȥϵһ˴ 
žķ֣Լȫɵ壬ȻҲޱȣԼǰһֱΪܵʥʱȻ޷ںģ³ͬƵʣҪһЩֿȻߡ 
ʱŶԷ֮̽ʱٿ߷ڿ֮ȻͬʱҲ϶ȻΪǿ֮£ͨ˸޷棬֮ϵӦöߣֻǲ̫õ֮Ͼ۾ӡ 
ʱҲ̫Ƶʹ̽飬ⱻǿ߷֣˵ע⡣ 
֮ǳһ֮ԣⲻһʱڣŹ⽣ߴǶڴ֮Ϻͽ֮ȥҲʱһЩߴӳ̤߳Ź⽣շȥԼûֱڳڣȻ֪ʲô鷳 
Ҫȥ֮ʱȴһડ֮תͷһȴһͷͷǵޣһᳵԼԱ֮է࣬Ӧ֮ͨָӡʻ֮£ȻҲʶ· 
ԶȥġֿǰǸߴĳţֺЦĸоôЩʱй 
ٴӳŷȥߵǰŷ֣ǳ֮дšǡ֣ϷбʿѲߣЩʿȻЩǿ֮ˣҲϺûߣֳֵĳìתǷƷ֮ҲԽ߽м򵥵̲顣 
Щˣ֪Щ̲ЩʲôȴԿ϶Լȥǵ±ضһ֪ɲŹ֡ 
뵽ЩȻҲЩǿߣǵΪӦûڷԼĴڲŶԣʱһ߳ȥðս˹ȥ͵ǶԻ̲ϸڡ 
ֻߵſں󣬴óһ鲻֪ƵĺɫСӣݸ໪ǵˣ˹ܵҵơųȥ 
ڻڷɿ˼Ӧ̲֮ߣһ˳⣬ֱӳȥ 
ΪοԲ̲ɽ֮ʱѽɿʳ⣺ǺˣҪȥʲô 
ߺʱ֪ⵤǻҪһͷĵҴҩģ 
߲ͷΪ⣬΢һ˼󿪿˵ǣû˵ҿӦǵһ蹺ҩΪȼƺܽǹ 
üǻҪ鷳˲ˣҴ˴׼жƷܵƵĵȼ㿴Űˣ˵Щͷ 
ͳСָСİɫСʯ飬ݸһԴʯӦùʲô˰ɣʣһűʹ͸ˣҿ㣡 
ϲĽӹſԴʯƬ̱ѽһӵݵһ弶ƣպãӱ󲽳ȥ 
ڰ룬֮º񲢲ʲô⣬Ҫô˳ȴҪʲôƣӵҲ򵥣ֻǷõĿԴʯӦͨңԼֲֶôźء 
ͻȻָſſڵе 
һѵʲôȻѽеԼҲֻӲͷƤӿŲȥ 
ʲôˣΪڳĥֲȥ߽ʵ 
ֻ֪ΪԼ˻ɶѣæǴʥģǹҩȴƣҲ޿Դʯ㿴ôźã 
Ȼδȥƽȴɵĵ޿Դʯʲô˻ȡҩ 
һתóһŴвļƷʯ֪вУ 
ĽӹʯһӺ˫۵ɵϴ׳հۡԭ 
û뵽ｫʯΪԭҲȻ˵ͬȴָһֶѡ 
̬Ҳʱ׼ƷʯҲһϡ֮һĵǾԭԭȡһƣ㿴вУ 
ȴû뵽ҲֻܱǺûܿĵȼ 
ĻŴӶԾʯ˹Կ⾧ʯּõȴ£ֵ̿Ľʯ˼˵ЦˣС͸ȡƣ 
δע⵽֮£ֽʯӲ°ɣ͸ģԭ֮£֪Ӧ֪ôɣ 
ɫ䲢ϷˣԼ֮⣬æתͷȷ˿󣬲Ų˫ֽʯ£һӦΪ֮һ㡣ӹʯѼ˵ֻǽͷ㣬ʾ˼ 
һȡһӵݸĽͽڣ 
û뵽ףΪֻһۣʯǳϡȱԼռЩȡ֮ʯҲϴóڴֵ뵽 
ǺԾɲ֪ǺֲƣӦеĶɣֻǺƵһһ̡֣һȴһš֣ӦƵĵȼˣֻǲ֪żжߡ 
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йĽֵԣȫһһ̣֮෱࣬ȴֺȫ֮йء 
Դ˺ѽ⣬֮׷Ķ޳֮ӦòһŶԣȴˣ׬ȡ̫ĿԴʯ֮кأ 
УͻȻһע⣬ֻдšһ֣¸СдţַʯҩһԴʯ 
ΪԼûﳣõĿԴʯܲܶóһʯɣǸԼ鷳ɣȻþʯȡԴʯԼʯӦҲ⾧ʯ֮аɣȥ 
ű㳯Ƕһȥһ֪Ĺٷ죬һ̣壬֮Ҳ൱٣ÿտյݣһͷĿһС̨棬Ҳ֪˯ 
ˣߵС̨ǰ̨˼¡ 
ͷʱ֪ˣûٹʵ˫ʵʲô£ 
ԿͷԼк󣬼ΪһֻǲԼΪʵ˹̨ 
뻻Դʯ 
ͷĵţ޶ϲ⣬ᵭĵʲôóȹ۰ɣ 
óһ׼õƷʯڹ̨ϵ㿴žʯܻٿԴʯɣ 
ʯŵ̨ϵһ̣ͷǱɵ˫ĿУͻȻⱬ䣬ಡһվ鼤Ŀ˰˫һ˿֮ɫɫҲһһͷʯݻɫŵĵԺƬ̣ 
ӹʯ¿ʯеϡ̶һƷʯ֮ʱԳͼ֮ɫɽϸƷʯǳϡ٣Ѱߺѻá 
һΪߵߣһƷʯС֣ЩѰζˣҲе֮УԼǰϸѣͷ񿴳龧ʯеԭЩԺҪԼעУ뵽 
ͷӹʯ󣬷ɿĴӹ̨˳ȥȻ󽫵Ź 
ͷΪȴͷܶԼôΪͷΪߣʵ˼УһͨҲǿ˶١ 
ͷٶĹϵź󣬻صԹĵҵ𻰣˵꽫һСӭȥ 
ͷ߽Сź󣬷ȻһСͥ԰ֲһЩֵĻݡľЩɽʯ֮ĶͷҲǸ֮ˡ 
ͷֽӭһ֮ڣȻһľΪ˺ԼиŵĵǧûԭˣԭӦǰ˼İɣ 
һû뵽ʯȻϡеô׵ĵزͷȻǧδܼͷ˵ԭȼҲ˽⣬ѯҶԭƷ˽⣬ܷһ£ 
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òǻ˰ɣͷɻһ䡣 
ԽԽ鷳ˣͷʻûôȥֿʵΪԭһ㶼֮ռУѵ֮˷˿Կԭ𣿡 
ͷͻȻʳ⣬ҹɫҲǹֳɫ 
״æҴСʥٳţԶԺܶ¶̫˽⣡ 
ͷԲȻڽ͵ԭĻҪ˵ķǧǰĿռ󣬴ͺͿռŲ֮ãҪɵ֮Ƿǳ֮ѣҪͨɼԭϼѡкܳһʱ䣬ԭȫĹ֮оǿпٴеķֲϧ۵Ĳǲʵǿߣšǰ֮̽ͨڸʹĴۺڻҵܽķһֱ֮ܲ䣬½ɼһЩԭҲǻڽз䡣һ߲ӵд󣬾Ծսǧʱɵ֮⣬Ҳͨ뵽ȥԳ˲źټԭ 
ʱ֪ԭﲻʹСŲ֮ǴǧǰʼģѹûԼȻͺŲ֮ãҲֻзȥˣֿʵʲô 
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һ˼ʵҪŴԭҪ೤ʱ䣿 
ͷֳɫǴԾսķٶɼʹʻΪߵͶ⴩ȻҲ⣬һɼɳĹʵǿ߼ʻǰȥ˵Ҫʱ䣬ҲֻǴԣ֮˺Ͳɿߣû֪ȷеʱ䡣 
ڻкܶʣͷȻѾɣԼҲ׷֮£ֻһ˴֮̽¡ 
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öٿԴʯԼ໻ô⣬ԾսЩȤ뵽֪Դʯĵȼֿ֣ѯԴʯĵȼôأ 
ͷԼĳ۲޲ҲʵǶô׳գæ͵ԴʯǳĹ֮ͨΪһ弶ȼÿһֵʮԴʯеȼӡǣ̽飬Ҳɱʶ 
뵽ԴʯȻͨңһֻһͨʯȱ˻ʲôز 
ͷðɣͻˣҼÿԴʯ᲻ý 
ͷϲվԵȣ˵ֳȥ 
˰ͷСӺһѹ⻪תС˻Сӵݸٷ⣬弶ԴÿԴڷװٿ弶Դʯ鿴 
ԴԴȻһССĿռϻ֮ķӡӡ֮дš٣弶֪ͷӦûüٻƭԼ˵ͷ㽫 
ͷֽǰСݸԾսǰãһֱ᲻ʹãԺˣ 
Ͳ֪Ծսĺû֣ʹ÷Ҳ֪ҲٶװĽϸ˰ᣬſ޵ȻǼƷҲҵЩƽ֮У 
ͷӹݹȥʯóԾսʱЩ飬ֱβסϲ֮ɫ棬Ҳûôϸ㽫֮Ƶġ 
ҲԴԾս˿ռڣȻǵһЩҪ죬ȸˣԺҪԴʯʱ㻻ȡ 
ͷ󾪵㻹оԭ 
Ȼ΢Цŵ˵Ҳͷȥ 
ͷһ㶺æ׷ȥΪ򿪵ţ˳ȥ 
˶һûжãֱһߴĽס⽨¥㣬ռغܿҼƣڶСм䣬Ⱥһ㡣 
⽨֮شƣֻ治֪úšС֡ڲɻڵʯƷʱʹ龰˫ѲеĴȥ 
е߷ǳ֮࣬ʱûᣬȥһ㶼˳ʾƣʾСƣȻҲЩֱӽȥߣӦĳͣ 
Ҳóȡòõƣݸһ鿴ֺڲ鿴ƺ÷ǳƻЦүССĸڹϯҸλӣ 
ڸеЦʲôʱ֮ҲСģ 
ͣʵүӦȥ¥ɣ 
¥Ӧ֮ĵطҲûʲôȷĿģҲĵ˵ͷ 
¶һȻϵĺЦģȻľȥ 
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һ̫ߵȻӭһ֮ڣŷ֣ԭѿʼﾺλ֮Ҳʮ 
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һֱԼмӣҲͼΪΣĽԴϵķӡ⿪Ȼó˼ſԴʯݸˣûˣ 
ϲĵɴ˫ۣ˫ֽӹԴʯл뿪ȥ 
Ա֮˵Ŀ⣬ŷԼ͵ĺ̫˵㣬˻ΪԼԩͷء 
δĵ̨ͣϵ˺ŲӴʮŵһΡʮŵڶΡûû˼ӼۣãʮŵΣɽϲĵ˼ƷԾսһѣ 
ǱߵԾս޶ȤΪԼѾһѣҪҲáܲµ˵ġţָ弶ԴʯⶥڣĵļƷԾսҲֵֻʮ弶ԴʯҲЩ⣬ԼһżƷʯȥ֪û𣬵Ȼֻѣɲôȥ 
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֮ġԪ񵤡һ׼ٿţλۣóһˮСз̨ϣڷһɫĵ衣 
ССĵȻҲ˸ߵĵ׼ģڸеЩ棬һ˿ѳС͸˹ȥһ̽ķ֣ԼȻܷĳɷֺ͹ãҲ֪ƶɣǵĺֶ˼֡ 
뵽Լһǧ弶Դʯһľʯȥͷһһ뽫ǵúоһ£Ծ䣬ڵҲ¡ 
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ԼͶĿ⣬ҲЩˬ֮۸ߵ֮쾭£۴ɲΪοԼĿȴɱһ㡣 
ҪȥÿζԷۺƼӼۣû˿֮⡣ 
۸һǧʮʱֹͣ˳ۣٴ鸴ӵĿۺ󣬲ȥ 
ϲλһǧʮŵļ۸ĵûԪһ˵ǹϲȴȫ޴⣬ˬı飬ûǮĵһ㡣



 

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Ҫô£㲻ͣȥǴ֮ˣҲһߵ֮⡣ 
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˵ɣҳʲô£Ŀڵ 
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һ·ĸ˵˳һյ֮ϣͣκֿ˵ʲô£ 
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Ҫ֣æȵȣҪѵС£ҵȸʲôطλѵΪĵ費ɣҲûλ۰ 
ΪòһǧſԴʯ˵Ҫ򣬾ٸǧٱļ۸Ҳüͷ 
ϰα£ǽջأٽѵһͨϳǾˣԪ񵤼Ȼѱߣȥ͸߼һŻٽһͳˡһ˲ͷĵ 
ʱͨ˸ţֵֹʵǵҩóģȥ 
Ļδ˵ĶȤһͻȻӳһϮ 
ΪҲȷʵ̫ǳ˵㣬˻ӳ̫ǿֻѵһѡ 
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Ǵ󣬲ſͷڵ˵Ǹýѵ˰ɣԽһǰ𣿡 
翴Ŀھǲ;֮ɫ˵֮Ҳäš 
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󣬵˶ȴըһ㱬쿪ο󣬲ŻعʱĿȴӾ壡 
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ӦǺߵյԱߵĲݵ˿ڵ˵ɣҪ˵ע⣡ 
һ㶣Լͬʱⵤ⣬һע֮ˣ˭˸ҹ֮أ룬ҲΥ˼æΧǰ 
˼⣬ԼҲκζ⣬ҲڴʯҲǰˡ 
֮ºҼܵСлᣬԺǰչˣ 
ҲԱϣôһ㽻飬ûҵһ*ɽ 
ǵּº󣬿ʵҩô£ 
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ֲʵǼȻΪص裬ֱӸȥͳֺ˴µĽ򣬶һҲһǵ⡣ 
ֽ͵֮˶дΪֱ̫ܱ˵ĶݣҪʾ⻹Ҫ˷£ 
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ֶǸŨȤǴ˵е٣ԼҲ½缲ȥ 
ֿʵⶫⵤ֮˵ʩʲôĶ飿ҾǻԪ񵤺󣬺˶ҲƵģ 
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˵ٻ˵۹۾˵λ֮ݺһЩ˵˵Ĳ²֮ԶѣԭֻԼ֪һ޺˿˵ 
붫ĹϵôܷΪһ£ЩҲ˳Ϊκþɼĵ 
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ЦҪһЩڲ֮£Ҫ֪ķǳ 
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ɻǰȥȥ֮¡İŵȻû飬ֻҪ˴ȥǸͷˣںԼҲûʲôףֻе˵ˡ 
ǰ֮ʱʲôΪֻ߹*ŵһֵѣʱŷⵤǻ治һĴ뻪˿첽˽СʱȻû 
жԶ֪ǵڼεĿʵ 
˿ˣǰֿת͵ˣ߱ߴ 
Ȼ绪ԣչֿڣѼ˳ڣ⸮ſҲǼƣȴֱֻվһԵú˵㡣 
߽һӭǰòĵϰҳ𣿡 
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ԸŵͨҲ̫ûмߵͷǰһƲĴȴδǴȥ˳ŴԱߵһͨһСķ֮ǰ 
ߵǰͣС˻ᣬˣ 
ϰڴһʮ 
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ȻԶ϶˱ǻ˵ĶһʱҲ͸к˼벻͸Ϊߵ˳̶ȵߣˣ˭˵Լ̫Се֮ˡ 
Ƕ֮ʱҲĲ俴͸Ϊ̶ȣ֮ǰȴһѹ֮УͬʱҲ϶˵ΪԼֻ߲ͣҲĪԼΪߵʲôĴڣ



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   δܣԹᳯӭ˹òĵ֪ҵǣδԶӭ֣ Ҳ֪Լصʵ˿ƣڶ˫Ŀ䣬Լ𾴣ǶԸֵһֵòû˿ĽҲŷǳĺøУҲòĵ²֮£ 
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ֱʱЩǰδѵ˹ĳ̶ȣ֪ǺηʥԭʶΪҪԼأ 
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Ϊѵ֪źãŭȵǰ񣡡 
ʱ׶Լ˼ɫֻˣȻҲʱ׶Ƶǰ˭㲻ԸҲֻߵǰ 
֮ǰѴЦſڵᣬǰһжᣬӲҪǣ 
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ҲЦסЦԴЦԻ˵ϰ壬ʲôӦİɣ㻹డȻ³˸ţ²ǵһηˡ 
Լ֮±ʶƣֻεЦˣ㿴СҲǡٺ٣Ҳ֪ô˵źˡ 
ֿ˵棬ν缲֮£ҲϣԺҪЩν֮ˡ 
ɫŵʵҸκ缲ֻǵ˽ս֮ʱ̫һֱò䣬ΪռˣˡˡҩΣ 
һΪ˺֮ߣȫʢ֮ʱʲô磬ǲĿҪ 
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мĿŻϰĺˣȲ˵ܵ˵ͺЧã˵Ҳƽ޹ʵ»ϰĴ񡣡 
ἱ˵Ҫûг 
Ļϰ岻Ҫ˵ˣڵҵΪָҲ޿ٽ벽ֺαΪ·أ˵Ŀ⳯֪Ҳֻڵ 
΢Цŵ˵ͷʱǷǳ׶Ե˼ڵΪ̶ȣнϸƷľʯȻд䲻֪ǾܵʲôӦʯƣЧȴûа취ȡ 
һҩγ֮һóΪĸƢҲţҩҲ׸Ŀ˵ 
ɻĵŶ缲ӦΪ˽ǣѵСʲôû˵ǳס 
ĵͷУҪж٣ؼ֮ʹҲ⡣ 
붫ããȻȴ󾪵վΪ̶ֳ֪ȵĸ֣ǵĻƭԼôпܡ 
ֻȥظ侲ĵʲôҪطͬСɣԼܰ쵽Ҳֻ̾ˣ 
ɵĵֻһЩ¶ѣֻҪܾشұؽ֮˫ַϣ 
ʣ˿Ͷˣ˼󿪿ڵ 
ö˻ر֮⣬ȻҲûʲô㿪ʵͳ֪ڳĹڣΪܼж٣ 
û뵽ĵһȻϾ˼ĴĹΪܳȫʢ֮ʱߣӦҲʮΪӽҵȴϰ֮࣬ѷһı಻ʤˡĻ湻ϸ 
õ˵ͷתƻʵɳŴ󣬴ԭҪ೤ʱ䣿 
΢һ˼ҲδԹķҲһΣƲ⣬ҼŴﵽԼҪǧң 
üͷԼõǴԼΪҪȥҲҪǧʱ䣡ǧһ˵㲻ʲôԴʱԼ˵̫˵㣬Ҫ취 
֪ͨķ𣿡ʵ 
ǰȻǻҳԱӦ֪²Ŷԣ˭֪ȴҡͷ֮ͨڳĹֻе۾һ֪ѣ 
ȴŵĵЩȥɿ֮أѵǻ᲻֪ͨз 
͵ɼԭߣǵ۾ʿʹȥΨһһβɿ֮ᱻڣ 
*ôݣڰ˼һʵЩܲɼԭ 
һ㶣û뵽ȻҲʳ˳ʶԵ⣬ҲһָĪ֮С 
Ĺиľ붼ǳңԶǧǰ괫ú󣬳Ĺδκι֮˽ӴҲûκι֮˵Ϊ˭ҲðǿʧΣգʱȥνǼУ 
ڴ⣬ûôֲɣȻ˻޷ĳ̶ȣ֪⸽֮УûƼڣпƼӦ취пռԾн֮ȻʧȥʯƼֻܵԴʱ 
ֿڵûЩӦûڰɣ֪볤ĹʲôжԶ 
ǲھҼżƷԾսǰȥԼҪҵʱ䣬ŴǰȥҲʱ䡣Щº֪֮꣬˳ 
ڴй֮ȻҲ֮ԶԼҪȥ뷨ҲҪˣôĹϽĹˡ 
ɿ˼ѾԼҪֻۣܴǴˡ 
ʵԼҲøһЩرˣ΢ЦŵΪ½˶⣬Ҳһرʱˣ 
˵ر˼ȴģԼĶһЩʶԵ⣬ûκѶȡǸͨķԼȴδܴܻȡԼϣָΪҲ̫е˲ܽˡ 
ãɫԳڵΪ»ָʧȥӦҪҵʱ䣬׼һ侲ңԺ÷£ 
ﻹסٴδ󾪵վգ֪Լ˵ʲôǾ޿֮£ 
ŵĵȻܿ˺ڣһ軳ɣֻȥ׼պһһЩҪ̣ 
ĵҲκιǲһԲ֪˵׼ңˣ 
ֶԻϰذɣΪҶҲǴһұ뻪ϰ壬ʾл 
Ա⻰е㺮ᣬȴ֪ڶ˵ǴֱˣҲûκʵʵĶܹȣ 
æվС˲ܵóһ˵ȻҪ磬С˵ʱ׼ʱ˵⻰Ҳ죬Ƥй 
ȥ󣬶ֶԶΪǻأҪκ˴ŵǣ 
׵缲κãҲϲĸʲôƵģӦȥ֮š 
˳ȥɿĽм֮ƿȻóʮżƷʯһŸºʣµĿʼʯ 
߲ʵԭǺεȼڻ㲻еļƷʯʲôƷľԭֻýѵ 
ЩԼ˫ۣԭΪһЩͨԭ˲ˣû뵽ȻóʮŵȼȫƷϵԭȻЩԭЩֵʣ֮ƷҲݣʵû뵽ڻӵָƷľԭһʮ֮࣬ǰĿӦûиĲŶԣô£еĸо 
֮ûôԵ³֣Ʒ 
һҲʱĶļʶ㣬Ȼ֪ڲƣȴ˸ߵȼԭֵк⣡ 
þ󣬶Զµ㵽 
´ʱȫΣһָʾ 
ҲҸطſڵԺһԭڵ壬ֻ辡ȴЩԭֱٿΪֹ 
䲻кηԽЩԭԼ壬ڶȫΣҲķԸȥ׼ˡ 
״̬˾ʯȻ¾ۼȥ 
¸׼ãоΧͻȻӴԭЩСռھ۶ɢҲǴڱ״̬˺Լ 
δôʱͻȻ󾪵ķ֣Щɿĳӿ޾֮ơ 
»ΪȦӺԼ˴˷ӿӴԭԼܳܵģҲ·ӣڴ֮ʱȴ־ϲķ֣ЩδϮ뵽ڣֻ㲻ǰ 
ڰǰԣȫתЩȡ֮ԭ 
·ЩЩԭԼԽԽ࣬ԼǶһյľ޴ԭ֮һ㣬оԼڵڷǣԼ죬죬ָо̫ˬˣû书һֱȥԼò˼ܳˡ뵽²뵽ݣȻԼ˲˼ķʽǿһʲôĴأѵǴ˵еˡ



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   ϸϸ̽˶µĹҲĹе첻ѣڰеȽ̶ȹȻǵͲеܱȣתٶ֮죬޷ʥᲢۣȴԼ֪κ书ǿ̫࣡ ʱԶûʲô˼ɣϸ̶̽ȣԼԭΪ̶Ⱥ󣬾մٶȥҪСʱʱ䣬ָܽΪƽ״̬ΪɱҪΪȴַ֮ˣԼˣ 
֮ҲǳףµΪ˾磬Ƿǳѵ֮£ҪٽһϼѣȻ벻֮Ҳֻһ֮һ֮ҲһҲ޷ﵽ徳磬Ҳ軨ȥ˫ǰʱ䣬Ҳ׳ѵԭڣȻѱˣ 
뵽ⶫӦò֮ˣԼ徳磬һͬ뵽֮ڣʱ໥ҲиӦԼҲ˸֣ 
ڶԶµʽ֮̽ʱҲ֪ʽֱרһҲҲ´ŵ󣬱еĴʽҼĹֱ˾磬ȻҰºԼͬȥ磬֪Σ 
յ֮󣬴ϲ֪Լ֮ѷľԵ֮˵ܹ磬̶ֳȵߣеһжûκļֵ 
뵽ԼϴˣܴظҲϣĻ뷨ڻԵͰǰԼܴæҲô֮ɾȫͣµĸ޳񾳣شӴ׷磡϶˽˵껰󣬲ŷԼЩԼ֮ȥ 
ãϣԺңִĻ벻ͨδܴĻתһ룬ȻˣЩԼͨҲ֮ˡ 
û뵽ԶˣҲ˵Ļ޳˾˵޿ɿܵջ 
Զ´󣬱ѧת֮Ŀ£ڶΧľʯɿתǳӽȻٽЩԼա 
ֻЩܼԭͻȻ֮ʴ䣬Լŵ֪æֿЩաʵ̫ˣᣬȫָǰ 
֮󣬶ַԼΪʼȻٶȺٶǰΪٶȣֱ粽Ծսеٶһ㡣 
ΪĳţڶµĸоУδãͻȻԼڴ䡱һ죬Ȼⱬֻһָо󣬶·Լ巢˱ʵı仯һʱֲ֪仯ҵʱҲղκԼѵļޣԼǵ֮ 
ֹͣٴӾʯڵΧʣµ뵽ԼڣȻ󻺻վŶϵı仯 
Ҳŷǳ˷֮УΪȻ˸Ҳֻʥ󷨴ߵⲻ˼֮񣬻ˣΪʵǧٱҲ޴ 
ܴ󲿷ԭҲΪ±ѿ徳磬ȻǿҲ޷ȥǧʱȥһ 
վԼڶԿռڵŽǰǧٱĸӦڻһһֻս֮ 
ѱþӨ͸˫֣˷ܵǲ壡 
ĵֻǳĲ壬ûӴĻ⸶Ծɾ紵򣡡 
ºʱ˻Ĵڣæݵ¸лʹ 
ҪʵҲû磬Щֻ˵ģ 
´ĵϡˣ 
һֻǳ֮߶ѣȻǿǸˣеźܴ࣡ 
л˴𣿶Ҳͣʵ 
ЦŵҼһɱˣһӣҵһΪҲԼ޶ȺҲûô࣡ 
ɱӣµɴ˫۵Բֹͣתǰ֮˼ȲˣȻɱ񣬶һ˸ӣⶼʲôʲô 
ͷɱҲɱɱңԺҵ绹Ը˵׷ɱҲȥսǿˣе̼Ը𣿡 
¸˴ͷҲƿЦĻǿЦʲôأ˰ɣɱɱԼܸͣһɱˣҲܹҫˣ 
Ҳڵɱ񣬻Ǳɱ¶׷ң 
ԼȻûѡˣϲĵãұ֤ԺܻľɣҪ±ȥһطǵΪｫǵΪȥ磬ʱҲЩֵ 
ʲôطҲĺУ˷ܵʵ 
ڣڵ֮Ӧÿǿѹ㵽ɾΪҵʵﵽǱ㻮ƿռ磬úõľһ 
˵⣬˼صʵɫĵ޷ô֮ͨôܽ뵽أ 
˾ΪʵûͨķҪӦҲûп֮£ǴȴǱҪ㵽ҵȴɵĸ֮͸ˣ 
䣬֮ͻȻ˴򿪣ɫŵ˽ϵʹˣ˵۾㷵صȥ桭״㡭ʱſµ쳣仯 
ãҲûֻǿ˵֪ˣȳȥɣСֵģ 
ȥ󣬶ùԼ̬ǰģͬʱֽԼΪٴֲεأ˺֮⣬ܿǳ 
Լ״̬󣬶ֿڶ֪۾ͻȻһȥ£пԲŹҶµ壡 
ЦҪ⣬ֻȥǣڵʵټһԣССĵǶȥ̸ʲô磿 
ҲҲ緢ĵãҾһͬȥһˣҺΣ 
üҲܾһֱҶɣˣԺǾֱԷֺˣ 
ҡͷ򲻿ɣֱأ 
ִⲻϣֻεкܴһֵܣǶΪϴ󣬰ǸյڣԺ֮ʱҲϴˣʱ֣㻤ݸңע⣬㿴ɺã 
Ҳûиõ飬Ҳͬ 
붫ߵ󣬼һعٷͷһԶ˲赹ˮ 
ͷΪȻҲǺܸߣǰĶȴǵ˸Σڸû˿ɱԡ 
ͷ½˴æվʺõµ½ɺã 
ͷ죬ͳ첻Ҫٳҵˣ˳ңͳ˾ֱ֮ˣ 
ͳЦµ˵ЦˣڵĻѪͳҲ۾ͬѪҺƾջ˳أλڵֵĲɿ۾ȵȥֶԲأ 
Ŷ۾ȻҲŵﷸºе⡣ 
ͳԵ۾Ѿ֪֮£ݺ۾С˸֪£ָһȻصǻָݣǵ۾٣ͳ˵꽫һݸ˶¡ 
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ڶ޳˾磬׼κ˵κ壬ȥ̫֮λģڼȻҪ⣬ҪһõԣϷҪݵġ 
¿󣬿ڶͳͳСסգʮպұͬǣ 
˵ֶԶͳ˴ͷһ·ͣȴͳ˻ؿͷϢ 
ͳ롭 
ͬٴλصƫ󣬿ʵ֪ڵϵĲõط𣿡 
ü⴩ûأû֮ʱһֱڵ۹ڵ֮ڣкֿܶ˵۾ʦ⣬˺ѽ룬Ҳ⣡ 
ĵҲѽ룿ѵڵĻ̫ 
½͵ڲ޻أȴͨ令ڣҲֻǽԼ뵽Σ֮ضѣ 
¸ǲˣⳤĹڻ赲ǵ֮˴ڣ 
ֵһֲ赲ǣһٸһӽǰΪĸ֣׵赲ǰɣ 
һ㶣ôֽԼס˵赲ҪԼҲʲô£Щѽ֮ʵô˵Ĺȫ˵һ㣡 
µ˭˵ǣĹĳ֣Ϊãڵ֮ϵĸָǶţë 
ǲȻ£̶ֳȵĸӦû˲Ŷԣô׿ǣһǼȫ 
ΪҿűΪľԭ¼򵥵ĵ 
²ŻȻߵ׷ɾ磬Ϊ˽ӽǰĳ̶ȣǳоʯ֮гʯ֮ʶΪãҲȻ֮ˣ 
ʱҲ˶ǰԣ䲻֪жٸֿԼ֮ƴ󣬱ػ޾ĸΧʱ˵󣬿Ҳѣ 
Ȼ𷽲©һҪ֮£ʵ㷽ʦǺˣΪ۾һ 
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˵ʦȴı𣿡ŵ 
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Ծսȷһķзֻ轫͸֮ϵΪãǷͬѰķٶȣһʱҲ벻͸ԭҲֻԹ˲֪ 
ջԾսóоĻԪ񵤣ϸоʧķ֣ⵤֻһҩЧǿͨҩѣҲдãڶ֮˵һǹҲûʲô 
ռϡԼľʯԴʱ˵Ҳûκ壬֮£߳˳ٴĿĵڵǵĽֵ֮ϡ 
ڽֵĵת˽գһֻǹŵᳵᳵʱʱᳵͣһɵĵ֮⣬ǵϷдšԾá֡ 
߹˺ֵܶΨһġڰ⳵˸ʲôһͷ֮£ֳǡ߽˼ 
վסʲôһŮӵĽĽŲͣ



 

   ʱŷԱ߾ȻվһŮӣԼȻûŮҲò仹͸Щ֮߰ƫƫһѾߴ磬벻ͨʲô ʲôֻ㿴ĵ 
ʲôÿģΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ǿŮھȻ¶֮ɫ 
ֱĪԼֵŮҲûʲô˵һ䡰󣬱ת뿪 
Ůŵȥڶ̱ѳͷ 
Ǳǲһ׵Ķ̱ޣһ֮󣬾Ȼ䳤˲ѳͷҲЩץסԣһ㽫Ƕ̱޴Ůڸ˹ 
Ů˿Լ򲻹˶֣ͣԼױᣬִŷ˹ 
ס֣ͻȻתһȣ漴ѲߵʿѴӿн䵽˳ڡ 
ŮӼѲ߱ʿҲͣǰ˵ΣԾɶݺݵĿ 
ʿºΧһ˶ʵʲôˣڳ˽ 
ҲЩʿΪѣ㿪ڽ͵Ů޹ʳ˺ֳִˣֻǶıδභ˵ŽڶıӻŮӡ 
ʿϵŮӣҲĵƢֶЩɵһʿȰСƹȻСѾҿ¾˰ɣڳﶷҲΪѣ 
˭֪Ů֪ԾɲϾʹ˸ݣͷһ̧߰ĵСӸͷϴȻ뿪 
ԴŭԼǺˣȻһѾߴŮ裬Ůӣ쵽ҪǺηʥιܽ˵ģ 
ҹ£һȣŮɼĵֳ 
ŮӲ֪ԼƣڲԣȻҲ˿ɾɫֻŭѵ˫Ŀгޱߵĺ⣡ 
ʿ״󾪣֪ŮֽţӶڵĳì 
⸽ɲҪ𻵣ֻԼ˳ìķ֮ϣĳ 
ʿ˲ɢ˻ûط˳ȥ 
ֵ֮֮˱ͺܶ࣬ʱ·Χ˹ܶ˶Ůӿ˳ۣĹڽģҲûʲô֮⣬ڿ֮ʱ͸Щ֮ɫ 
ƶôˣһеŮԾſڴ 
ԾſͻȻ߳һŮӺһͷ˳ɿڽĵСԣͷѿʼΪСƽơ 
ͷһֵͬŮӣòҲŮ˵мƷ¶Ľ֮ȴ֮ۿۣŲ֪ΪƵɫȹһ֪ǼķףҲ϶ŮӦ 
ͷһɫۣ뷢԰ȴӤͯú׷ͯݣѵõͷϻ͸һɼΪֱϢΪǰĶ½Ҳֻ˰ζѣ벻֮ͨôϲŮһ 
ͷʹ˻Ҳ޷СϵĽƽ⿪ҲȹŮһԴߴٺԹɫصĿ˴˶࣬ǰƲȥ£֪Σ 
ͷ֪±ǵСҲΪԼ֮ϣ˭ԣⳡҲһɣ˳ԼҲЩԲųԡ 
ȹŮԣҪ֣ȴֱͷסŴһʱʧ 
ʵŽԽԽˣЩڣͷβĲ֮ҲЩ˵ȥͷ飬Ȼǳ⣬οҲ֪ЩʲôͷȻڱʿҲǷǳɵͷӦͷҪ⶯⿪СƵĽơ 
СƽƷ⣬ȹŮǰŪĲС㣬㲻֪ˡ֮һ󻵵һ㡣 
ʱһȺʿ˹ȴͷסͷЩʿһǱǰ˲̫صʿԾȥ 
Сƶһ䡰ȻҪÿƵСˡɳ۶ȥ 
ȴͷһͽڡ֮󣬲˵ΪͽҪǰġҲû˿ѡ 
ûһᣬһбһų˳⣬ţͷϷɳһ⣬ֱʣ˲ʧ١ںЦԮģԼ£档 
еһϿտ֮ͷһХͣΣǶǽӵʲôһ㣬Ҳͣ 
ǰһСŮͷ 
̬еĸվںЦ֪˶ˣСŮ 
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仰䣬ССҲ³ͷԣʻ 
Сŭߣǳü۵̽ͷԣҾ֪ҼС⣬ҼˣѵʲôԣΪùʲô˲𣬵Ȼҿôճ 
һ㶣ԼȻҲᱻݳ˵ͽģֿȹŮһ߲ʵĿЦģ̲סЦ˳һ⣬ 
ȹŮӿı飬Ǽȴ̶ЦǸ߸ϵԽνܴ 
ŭĵĻǵʵĲ࣬߰Ĵһ̽ڿ 
Ƿǳ˳ֽۣѵĿһɼ䣬һ̫ǿѳŷϮ˹ȥ 
ȹŮӻûʲôԱߵͷȴǴ󾪣æȹŮ֮ǰ˫Ļһǰȥ 
˵㵲Լ˵ȹŮԾɱ׷˳ȥ 
ֻѵȴ֮⣬ȹŮӱȥȴδˣֻǻͷվһŵĿ׳հĵҴң 
Ѿ𣡡Цĵ 
˵껰Զг˼ɫС㣬ת˲⼸ѷɵͷȹŮԡ 
ǰһֱϷ̬ǵЩԮû˿⼸κȴʧɫ˾֮У 
֮ˣеһ༫Ϊӣһ߼ˣҲֻΪһΪߵ߶ѣģ˵Ӧȴǲͬ 
ǳ׵֪һˣһԶ֮ϵˣһʱţȻˣҲ벻ȹŮǺҲȻǿΪ֮ 
˲ѽ⻤׵ķޣʱܵ׼֪Լ⵶֮Ҳް˿ʤ㣬ֻҪԼһ˿ɱģǱֻзмƻķݡ 
Ҳ￴֮˷ǳ죬Ȼ׿ʱΪ䲻ȴȻ˾磬벻֮ͨδ˱ֵԼȻԴϤ֮УЩη˼䣬ó֮̽ȥ 
ͻȻйɼΪϤľԼ̽Ӿ֮ѽ˳ʥ 
ˣһ̽Ҳ󾪳 
ڴ֮£Ȼɢ˳Խ߲εӴϢɢϢãϢһܳܣͷŮӣԼ֮ͬϢ֮£޷޷ƶֺǴʱŸе˿־壬˵ĿиһİУǰʶһ㡣 
һԡǶ£ñ֮º󣬱˹շɵ⸽δαЩԣ⴦ռǿϢɵѹ仹ǿܣĿȴҲĸоڸǾޱȡ 
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˼֮䣬ͻȻ˲ǰϥعĵ¶μˣ˵䣬ѽǿϢֱһͨߡ 
ͻȻ˲ƵԼǰ֮ҪӽռȥܣȴȻسԼΪˣ֮£ֿʼɿ˼ǰʧڵ֮ҲֻǷԼǰϢԲŲľܽԼΪڰԼڵ֮£ȻȻƣǺԭأǹԼӦûеǡ 
ձ䱸ĵ˵ 
󣬱㹧ԣʻ 
常ȹŮͻȻ򶫷» 
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ʱڶǶԾɸĪ⣬ֻܼ򵥵ĵλǶ棬ҲǸո֪ﲻ˵ĵط 
ףĳζʲô鶼ؼϽ˵˲֮ȥ 
Զ֮ܣԺĸ֮ԣȴֻüԾս׷ȥǿյ֮ϣֻһȺδһľ֮лع֮ˣǵȻңҲ׷ȥ鷳 
ڸյϵʱͣǿԾ䱸ĿŶҵӦѾ֪˰ɣô 
һеϥصǧ֮һڵĿı˶ɹսϱ¶Чˣ 
һϲԭ˰ţҪԼȴƴЩôûǼһ˵̫֪ͣЩ߼ܡ 
գɫ󻺵ĽδǸʲôˣôЩ֮ߵһ𣿡 
æǰã߸ӦѾ˰ȥѰ˵䡣ǰЩʱ·Ϊ˴̽⸽ķλͶһѰҼƻЩ׼Ľƴȴû뵽Ȼˣ 
룬⻹ɵףȻͬһҲӦԼĴڣ֤ҪѰҲϳԼҪںܽľ֮²УããõϵķʽȥѰһˣѶҲ̫˰ɣǺ޿ԣ 
뵽ʵǼҺ֪̽ҵݣ 
ǵģ϶Ĵ 
ֻа˰ˣһҪֿȥѰҵ䣬ǾҵҵĿ𣿡ӦûһЩķ 
æʥ鹦棬ֻҪҵһʥ鹦ߣͬҵˣ 
˽ͲڻȻҪⷽҵԼҲǷǳף˰ٸҵһ治֪ǵǴӺζ 
һֱվһԣܲµݣ˵֮ȴֻһ֪⣬ǵĶԻһ䣬ڵϴô£ 
ʱ鲻ΪܵǶ£յ£ҲǿǸˣ



 

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ھż
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   ڴ죬ּ*Լİ˲˳ȥ ħսʿƴ֮ȻⲻԶĵطۿɼķΧ֮⣬ֻ˲ѡǱߵս 
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ԽԽ֣һ׼һӣҪԼȥòѾǰʲôӣԼȥɣֲܰһһֱԼ׷ţʲôŶԣЩٶ࣬ҲܶԼʲô˺Ŷ԰ 
벻ȻҲ벻ʲôΣգԼֻǽħסԸ˽𰵺ʱ䣬Ȼ벻ʲôΣգǾ׷ɡ 
ʥغսʿӵĴ󣬻ָϵͳʱת 
Ƿǳ˼ЩռͨѾ壬Ǹʵ̫ǿħֱסǲЩʱ 
飬򻮷֣ȶԻ 
ûǿвֻндΧ˲ſ̵ʱڽЩ𣬶ʵ̫˵㣬к򻮷֣жЧ 
սսСӣǰİڻİƬҴ˽ȥɱʹɣ 
˵ͷе¶һ˿֮ɫƿӡİȫЩδӡ壬ֻҪڰҲȫԺǻҪʱԴݻ򣬵ۣܶȻÿռʧġ 
ϲĵ԰Źζʹȥ***˵ųŶȥ 
ҺݺݵЩְŵİͨͨˣմ˽밵죬µ 
ͻԹЩ岢޺󣬱㽫հķ̸ˣ֪ҪҪסпռͨԼеİ⣬轫вİҲȫ֮ʱѽ󣬵һ±հڵİ 
֮Եĺֱ֮ܰڵİκζ 
ֵǿղǺܴû谭ǿĽɨ˸飬սӵͨѶЦȺݰһ쳤˲Ӵȥأֵǣһɱȥ 
ЩʱΪʱֵܳİħڻڱ˴ûᷢйһ£ѹ˷ˡ 
սѻظ˴սʿܣﻹʲôֱӴԼ̻սӳ˽ȥôȦӣѾΧסҲЩˡ 
սӵǰսӣԴӰֺ󣬻еսһϵе͸Ľʹÿһܷ߱˻ͳս׵Ĺܣ̷ȻҲ⡣ 
Щײʮָߴ󣬸߶ȴԼҡΪףȥȴҲκλеͽӰӣıͲϺģ¼ǿȥɫսͨսʿûֻǸͷһŶѣ߶ȵģ¼ǵòҲʻ֮һ޶ 
ʥ£Щױޱȣ񾧳ĸ⣬ʻ֮˻ͨʹͻԭйʵޱȡ 
˴δսʿȻ࣬ҲʮϣԶǿտȥֻһƬɫСڿзɿƶ 
ŵ˺ܿѷɵһİ֮ǰ˵Ҳнǧ֮ڣС֮о۳˺ѹѹһƬ 
̻սӺ̰ܿ뻡Щʥվڶǰ棬ԷֱվŲŻ׵սʿ 
ǰԼٱ˿ûк֮⣬Ϊȫƿ˷ӡİҲˣЩֻǷӡ΢΢ɶѣһ˵ʵΪϸߵͨҲȲϣĻЩѱǿнսʿв 
ٺ٣࣬ȫˣϡûͨѶڻ׵£Ƭǿжš 
컰û˵꣬һȵĳɱ˹ȥʮ׾Ҳһ׶೤Ѫɫ󿳵ֱӳǰ˶֮У 
Щӡİ΢Ͳ֪ʲôк£ָǣȴվ˳嵽еֿûκε໥֧ԮȻǸûĵֿ֮ȴûԳ˿ 
ڻڿս֣üͷΪɱĻ̫棬Щ֪ΪﰵԵЩ졣 
սȫȺ˶ѺЩͻȻȫм֮ɿļ˹ȥ 
սе죬ԼЩս̻սʿȻоֱ仯ڹ۲սֵĻȴʱı仯ʱһֲõԤУȥ⣬ѷɿĶսе̻սʿȫӵߣٶ˳սȦ졭 
Щ̻սʿЩԣǿɶɱأڽ˳ȥǺûɡ 
ڿָӹ٣ĻҲû˸Ҳ¡ 
ӳŻףͨѶˬĵ˵ָӣڸʲôɻǲŸɱͽ˳ȥѽˣ 
䡭컰û˵꣬ͻȻһޱЩۼĵ㴦˳ 
䡭䡭䡭ЩڽΧİȫԱ壬ǿδ󱬵 
ǿı߰ûռ䣬δüߵĻף񱬵İ˺ʱƬ 
Щڵõ󣬵һʱӳַĻףҲȫŤͣսʿӦǺѻˡ 
սʿȫ໤£ȻȴҲһһȣ˻Ĳᡣ 
ɳΧֹЩܵĽҲĽԶԲ̫ˣֻǱһζѡ 
ػڣɫⶼңѿ˲ԣΪʲôû뵽ǻһأ 
̹ųҲ̾Ϣİο¹ֲ˭ֻ뵽Щó˼˵ķǵʵأԺҪСˣ 
̹ŵ䣬λˣεͳƳˣ˴βμսʮһһʮսʿУսʿ˵С⣬ǧİһʮսʿԪӻ˻أǱȥҪʮʱſɣʣµսʿȫ𣡡



ڶ ˼ƻ

   ٴ̾Ϣ󣬶һԵĶ棬ȥƬռеİȫɾƬռӦòκˡ ˵ֶԵɳȥ̽Ӵκ£轫սս׵ķ󣬲Ҫ˷Ƿκ쳣֮رأ˽ж 
ѾִϣĻŸ䣬Ѿظ 
ż仰Ʋ˶ȥ֡ţ˫ܻػڴʵҵսʿ󣿡 
忴ѵĵսʿԪĶˣԲ졣βսĶһӵܱЩսʿȫԱ⣬ҲúܶԲס졣 
һϰյȥֻ壬ҪҲֻԼⶼΪԼ̫ðˡ 
ʵֹģսУսʿǷǳ֮£˵ֱԺɲƣЩεͬⱾǵɱȴսʧԼս˱˲µⱬ֮Уڱܾ˵ľ档 
п밵սսʿҲֻʥصô㣬зȴ޾лиڶʱڱǿ󰵺ڣԷһϵ֮ڣһϵڵİҲпʥսʿ൱ԻǸʹսҪǵˣ֮ս 
ڻʱΪ˱ʵκΣսʿ֮£һȥħȺİԸЩսʿգҲѹִսʧû˴ʹˡ 
Сʱ󣬻յ˵һӴطְϢ򲢲ֻסСϵѣİӦþ۾һ֮ϡ 
ʮҴսŰսʿսʿ 
ʵ밵ĶսУЩ͵ս𲻵κսЧãΪЩƿ˷ӡİڹеײŷǳǿߵĳսǣѶԵ˺ 
ĿǰΪֹԸЩķֻڶ̱֮ʱֻĽɱ 
ɳЩսĿҲΪˣװ˻׵սʿܷлŲ֮սٶҲ˶١ 
ɳЩսҪĿЯǿÿռ磬óɺ󣬿ԶԽԵռ仯жᣬԷֹЩŲ֮ܣҲɷֹͨѶԱİ 
ϴĽѵεսٸðʵǿսʿ뵽֮̽ѵս 
εս֣ǿµһͳ죬֣ǿȴһֱڻصĴĻ֮ǰ׼սලԶЭʥڵ쵼֮ҲڻҵĴĻǰۿս֡ 
Ϊ͵սԺҪΣǱ۾飬ҳսԺжøӸЧ 
ڵһۼڵ壬ǵ̶Զԭʼ׶ΣƿӡİֻˣЩ嶼ڳӡ׶Ρ 
յսʿ̽ĻرϢ󣬻ҵ˶ֺЦĸоҲ̫˰ɣɳȥԸͨһȺû˿ֿ壿 
ǸֳľͳҲЩãȻˣѵһսʿȥǣʣµľʮսʿѹ 
߻ʥصĸ߲ҲüͷʵҲѴ򣬵ִҲʵЩˣΪǸ֮ϼȫǻδ壬ѵҪ 
һֱﲻˬ죬ǴĻʾĸϢѾ̲סпˣСڵİȻʮսǿһ䣬ҲЩʱɵ˽ȥ˾ͽսˣ 
챾ֻһʱ㷢ɧģ˭֪һ˼ĽǸͳ찴˵ȥ 
һʱڵĴ󲿷˶ǲ⣬Ҳûɧ˭ϵ廹ȥˣҲֻмϳɾɫŹֵĵͷͬ˻ 
ι˵ţ㲻˰ɣɶԭʼ˰ҪˣѾ󾪵Ĵ 
ĻǺںһƬܿʧֳǰŵϵȻǿ۾ӵ򣬽ʮ޴İ׹һ 
׹Ѿȫʧ˴Ļ֮ϣѾǿֽ˻ӣҲ֮ƫ˹ѳ顣 
ȺսʿѪĴ󿳵еϵڳ˽ȥȻԶ 
սֱܿ¼׼֮ʱɫĿڵЩȻѾӴ԰ڿռϢԺ󶼽һĳΪǵĵˣȻֺ֪αȥȵʵǿȥأԺҲȫֹЩ岻£Ǿ۾ӵҲٵ 
˵Ҳֻýһ˵ȻЩ̣뵽ЩĿ£ﻹбѡء 
ڻ˵Щ۾ӵҲٵҲԭģ˵Щӡİɢ˸֮УЩӡֲӦռڵĹԵһˣ԰ڿռǿȴδȫʧЩӸƮɢеÿһ䣬һЩض򻷾֮£ЩӾۼ̫࣬һЩŰӡǵ壬Ǳ塣 
Щĳ̶ֳ˵ǶǰĺֻǼ̳еİԾɱӡţǵķչͽҲԱԽԽǿ󣬵ⶼһѡ 
֮г԰ڿռռħ𣬶£дƿ˷ӡһ˰ļ䣬Űڿռͨĳ֣иƿ˷ӡ 
ڣ֪ģ֪й֣ϴԺĻ᲻һֱƿӡİΪԾ󻼣ԻԺ͵Ҳһݻٵ 
һʱ䣬ʥΪĵƬڣȺ˴СС 
ڻҲһЩɣǱֻҪӡۼĵطһһСİ򣬶ⰵĴСҲ䱾ڰԽİԽ࣬ҽϴһЩ֮һ㶼ᷢһŰڿռİͨ 
ΪһֱԴսʿȥԸЩҶսʽĲҲǷǳԵĿǰΪֹһγս֮ʱϴ⣬սʱʧ̫ 
ܿ죬Ƭǿȫʥڵ˶û˿ɫΪ֮УҲûһ򣬲֪Ժʲô֪սҪòܽ 
Ĺ滮֮£һһȥʼǸֵİ϶⣬ķֶ٣мδκΰĴڡ 
ȻЩڵȻǷǳ֮࣬ȴûҪҲûоȥЩδӴˡ 
ʥڵսʿ밵ｻսĹУҲܽһЩ֮Чսһ׻սʿרõնħ 
Դ׷ɱħȥѾȥˣȴһֱû˿ϢػأСѩͻڶһЩģǶ£οǰħҲδٳֹ 
һ죬ʥڵи߲쵼ֽŵľ۵˻֮ڣΪոյһսӴصϢǷһһһʮϵǿ󰵺򣬶򸽽ϵһЩ߶ۼϵ 
ǰֵҲֻס˲һϵѣǰЩиͬ㣬ֻֻ۾ӵǿ֮ڣ򸽽֡ 
εȴͬסʮϵİڵİҲضǸǳӴ֣Ҳѱ֤ⰵ֮ûڣി࣬ЩڰڵֻʲôأЩֻЩʲôأ 
ȷһָЩǰⲻԶսӣѰһտϵꡣ 
λʥѾԾ˹ȥӴĻʾĻǰӾУһƬҺ֮ɫ 
ȻֻԶ̽ʾĻ棬ɨȥ龰Ҳ࣬ȴκεĺɫȥֻһƬ֮ͨǿնѣܿǿ̫ԶĶء 
ǰص㣬һִϢɣ޷˼ЧãֻǿӦ֮²ܷĴڣﲻǸоĴˡ 
ǿ£ʥصռ䶼йŤţʥе֣ЧķֹʥӴԶ̽⵽ȻҲЩڡ 
ʮսʿִʮͬķλ̽飬úǴصϢȴ˶ 
ڲķֲϰٿűһǿŵΪ±Щ֣սʿδ뵽Щ֮ȥʮϵ󰵺֮ڣȴڶڣǻЩǳѺõദһ 
ЦпͷˣȲ˵İǷһڳԵ£ڶһ֮±㹻ͷʹˣҪЩͬʲôģ̻ôܲܽҲһ˰ɣ 
飬ǰڷһź̽ռĸֿռϢһҪ֪Щ֮ĹϵԻ 
ץԴʵţ˵Ǹô򰡣 
ô찡ȵռϢ˵ҪЩϵڵЩͰûʲôϵʱֻҪСĵ㣬Ҫ˵ǱǣȻѶȴ˵㣬еô򡣡 
Ͱ໥ͬһʲôĻǿɾ鷳ˣֲ 
̽ռĴϢ͵˻صڣ˶ɫѿ 
֮ڣ򸽽һƬϵǸʲôΧҲ˵嶼ͬһң¿ɴˡ 
ЩͨѶϢϿڰĿƼЩȻ˲δְĴڣûиоǰĴڣһĽķչ 
֣ǿڶԻϰٿһ㰵סЩطӦòǰ۾ӵĵطֻ̽鵽Щڵǲ˽ǵʵҪҪȥ̽һ£ 
ȴҡͷѰսʿرЩİҪǰȥ̽ǲֲŹ֣ҪǰЩ֮ڣҲˣȴ̫ͬӣ˭֪ǻʲô



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   ˵Ǹô죿֣ǿѿʵ ˼һ󣬿ڵǱҪ취ڲЩﻳɵ£֮ڣȻźﰵãЩһ㰵γɷһ򾡣ʱһ֮ҲһӶѡ 
˵ףȴһѰľͻȻ̾Ϣ 
ǿЦǻôأָԺ󻹻иһΰɣ 
飬ɳ̽⴬ռ꾡ϣ񣬶 
һºһҵĴԶó佢ͽǧͻսڡ 
Ը˹Ǽó̶ӣ˹һӵŽϸ߿ƼĹȣҿƼǳΪǳĸС 
˹ǺܴİͼֻӵʮһϵҸԴǳȱҵľȴǸɫĴ֮£ҵһ¸Ըǿ·ߡ 
ϵʮңЩҶԼͨûң֮ĻȻ໥䲻ܷͨȴԶһȻҲһ⣬ǱǸ˹ 
˹ó鲻ͣĴڸ֮䣬øԴﵽĳ̶ֳȵƽͬʱҲѵĽǮ׬ԼڣԴȱĹҳ˸óģҲÿ˹ҳ˸Ψһͨûҡ 
˹ó˶ƣǵ̶ڽ֮ʱܵҴ佢ǧһսûʲô±ѽ뵽ǹڡ 
һ佢ĺڣһ֮ϣɻĶ֮˵Сӣ˵ǻҲҴ˶ٲǣΪ˾ĵӣû뵽أ֣ 
סЦ⣬ڴΪνԼֵһ飬ȴҲҪȥƽЩˣǺ˵һõ㿴ȥĻǲǣú뻵ҲǾֻҪǸɵƯ㣬Ҳ磡 
ٺЦοǿ˸Ӳͷǰ滹Ҫϵе߸򣬵ʱһþʣ 
˵ֹЦһҪɲҲֻҪʮʱѣͻϮʱ仹¶ã˵Ǹôأþûȥˣٺ١ 
ж֮ǰҪӴһҪ鷳Ӱ쵽ºͻϮжǸôźã 
첻ΪȻĵǿɶȫ׵ĸ˹ó֤֤ô˵Ҳ̶ӵϰ弫ҸȥȺȾƣʲô鷳 
֪ԼȰס죬ĲӦûʲôŶԣûٷ֮ԡ 
ż仰̶ѽǾ޴İ֮Уû̶ڽֳʮֳ֣Ųͬķȥ 
̶ӵÿһ佢սԼǳȷĿĿĵأǽεó׺ͲɹУ߿ȻγѺΧ֮ƣγɺΧʱ䣬ҲºͻϮжʱ䡣 
Щ龭ľȷжƻƻͻϮ֮ǰŷǳȷĶλϸڱţͻϮж֮£Ϳͳ˧Էˡ 
ڸ佢ֻʣ˲ҽܿǽһ̫ոۡ 
ݹóӲʻ뵽أھһЩӵĵǼ̶ֻɳһЩС͵̴֮Ͻоó̸в 
ЩȻҪģΪ̶һոѵġóӢȥΪЩ£ȻһжֻǸӣϵó֮УʣİҽٴηֻپεչתнᾫȷĵԤλ 
ֻ֪жóΪԤλõģʮʲôڻȥأԾϣ˵Լһֱûͨɻ 
Цڿɶ˰ټĸֿƼ⼼ҪǵĽǹٿҵǧֵķЩǴսǰĻöѣֺαΪЩ²أ 
Цٺ٣˵Ҳǣĸµʱսǰ׼˷ʱ䰡 
ˣǽ۵ûУĻô꼶ûôֱʵǼóףһҪȥ񫣡˷ܵ˵ 
СʱһɫС̴̫ոڷɳƵĳϷȥ̴ۣ˹̶ӱ׼һ޶Ĺúڲṹɾ˵ˡ 
£񴬴ǽصĵͿճĿĵš 
ڹǰŴɹĴС̴ŵϴӴðͷĸ߸߽ϸֳеĸл֮ɫ 
ɫ֣̲סʵʲô𣿡 
ɿŴ⣬ĵûʲôֻ˵ҲǲöûлȥˣҲ֪ڵĵʲôˣ 
Ҳ̾ĵǰҲǲǵжˣȥڵǹʲôˣȰħͰһˣһͬȥ߰ɣ 
תͷЦĻԼȥֱ˵ǵ˵һȥתתڵݣ㻹ϴӣȥôģ 
ٺЦΪʥ鼯ڣҲǸͳ˧ˣȥϵûʲô˵ģһЩʲô鷳ǿɾЩˡһͲͬˣ 
Ŷʲôͬ첻ʵ 
ЦҸ棬ǳ鷳ȻţʥôҲҵͷɣ˵Ѵ˼ 
һ㶺ЦСӣȻҲˣ 
ڼǰĴ㳡ϽͨѶڴϢˣѵǵóԪ˧Ƿһͬȥ 
ͨѶڻϢǩ̸õĺԼȥˣסһⶨõļƻУҪʲô 
ҲɣҪͣ죬ܲڴϸɵȰɣ˵ѳſȥ 
ûκ֮ˣһСͷֱӳһĴзȥ 
һɵĴ¥ǰͣ˷󣬷Զ񴬷ضȥ 
쿴ǰ¥״ŴϢȺЦСûܵ϶ǵͨѶԣºˣ򵼶ʡˣ 
ԣЩ˷ܣЩԶŵļǶôϤû뵽лһѡ 
ȴװǻƵĵ˵ô˵ҲǸʲôǼó׼ŵϰˣһ⻹ûɣҪȥһ𣿡 
Ц˵ҲǣСҲǸϰˣܲһȥİɣҪȻشϵңӮǮߣ㿴ô 
ֻܱƨƨߵĸ쳯ĳȥ 
ִ߹ķŮ˵ȡһ֪ĺƣһں˸׳죬ڴˬĵ¶ĳһƻ治ٺ٣ 
쿴ϤĶͶľߣȲóһСƬ׼棬˭֪ʱͨѶͻȻϢóڷ˰壡 
õϢ󾪣æţҪǧԼϢͷԭƻУ͵֪ǰĴڣǾµ 
췢Ϣķָ˸첽ȥ 
ʥڽӵϢĻ֮࣬ڻڵļһ 
Ը飬ǳˣֻԤƻˣ̾Ϣ˵ 
ĵĵܲԤƻսʿֻа˰ˣֹ֪ԸЩһİﲻҪ̫źã 
Ҳ֪εжƬǿյѣ 
飬֪ͨжͳ죬ԤƻʽǾϣ 
һԤƻӦϸڡ 
յ巵ϢҲԼԱAԱעˣϱٵȴ˽֡ 
ģЩȻܳӵĶˣҪӰƻֱѿȥ***񴬵Ϸɧ 
ȴһüͷֹЩܳлİٶҲ಻ȥЩս⿪һӡ壬Ҳưư˶ǲŽ鷳أԤƻԱô㣬Ĺǣ 
ȴΪȻĵǰϴ˵Щӡ֮ʱضڰϢǰڷӡĻ»ܳԼ򣡡 
˷һ㶣ôҪĶ˰ɣæѵܳǵѣˣЩСİ֮⣬滹һƬأھ棬˵ʲôܵģ 
Ŵ˵İˣúŴҲ֪ЩӦûǸȥİɣϹٸʲôģǵġ 
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µ׼ʱܿȥежսѵսǰԤλãЩΪ֮࣬ϵİҲȫ嵽սʿԱڵȴؼʱ̵١ 
ÿһҽԼյĹľ붼ͬڽһսǰԾʱҲͬľȷ£ÿһҽԾչʱȴǷֺеĹжҲһʽʼ 
Ͷ˷ܵվһҽĿƲڣڲͣԾǰĵʱԾһֻԵľȷ 
ŲһװĻսʿ˷Щ̫ĵ֪Ͳʲôָӹˣһȥɱʹ죡 
һվЦЦû˵ʲôɷǳҪԼ˵ʲô̼ĻǼһǽжָȨԼȴЩսʿһɱȥɡ 
ڵĽϿֻһͨ䴬ڲȴͻΪԴ綥ս 
սԾǰҪƶҪм٣ڿƲڵĵʱ֮ʱһ΢ɲĿռŤڵ׹İ֮£ҽʧ˵ 
ٴγ֮ʱѵսй㣬ҪκεĲڽԾһ̱ѿʼ޴ڹǰȥʮͬľ޴ͬʱǿűֵ 
ǿĻ֮£ʱ˴۵˲ԶǿźҲʧɫ١ 
սΧµռѱȫǿıըĿⶨ˿ռڲͣɴܡ 
һٰʮĹըȻ޴󣬵ҲֻǿϵͨͷӡδȫѣƳӡİ˵Ĺ̫ܶ˺ 
ͨѶ㲥ѴлսʿȫҪ˸Ӳ˺ǣʮսʿҲҸްڿռ 
ǧϵĻսʿѪĴ󿳵ȳһűըλ÷ȥ 
ȫ˵ĿռڣһƴѪȴսѿʼݣǹһ˲Ҳʱô



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   Щսڿռķ½УЩԻΪаɱжȴ޷˳̶ȵ˶Ŀ ȻÿһеİﶼսʿţЩŻ׵սʿͻϮ£ҪɱһǿİҲҪǳ 
ﲻгȺսΪǽпռΧͻϮ֮£һʱȻ޷ƵȴøĿռܵ籬ϯ޹˲һܵص𻵣Ҳ˲ٵ𶯡 
ͬһʱͻȻǿޱǹĸ߲ʱҳһƬڸפֳ֮ʱǽΧɱսʿѹˣʥضȥ 
ָӽڽŲͣصĸսԽ˷ܾʣ޼߿ŰΧڣûֽǿһİڴ󱬺дİΪϡ٣һڿռͨҲδ֣ǲˬôô㰵񫣡 
ʵľƣ߿Χڵսܿ׼׼ɨսİ֮ʱͻȻյ˻巢ļսʿʮĿսԱսڽսػأ 
컹δüͻȻֽŶػأػأսʿ 
ģСǲˣǰʲô˵ģѲħͻȻ֣ȻŻ壬ļȴаӣսͨѶ㲥ڿ񺰵սսʿսʿɢػأʲôҪˣأ 
顭Ÿպָ꣬ӽͻĿһ£ѾŤͣų˳ȥ 
ڴ˼ٵľսܵʮըսܵڰը 
Ͷڴ֮£˵ĻʡˣɿĿų˳ȥڽϵҲǴӣһ컹˳ƴŻصķλԾ˳ȥ 
콫ȫ֮ϣĻװϵʱ䶼ʡˣڴ***ղŻûǿĵ˶ˬôͻȻһһҲʵ̫˵ɣǼһòħɣӰɣҪʲôӣ 
ӳսһ˲䣬жϳŹսֻһѣһ֮ҷս黨״˵ʵҲֲ̫һ㣬ѹֻͻȻܣ治֪ǿڻж١ 
ȫس£ǷػҲֻҪ̵ʱѣһ·֮ȴʮսЩǿĴٵЩսʿûʧЩһר֡ 
ʮ񼶽󱬵ɷһ㣬ǹϼңĻٵҲ⣬ͻﻹйȥЩ 
ӵʱ䣬Щٵս⣬ɳսսʿ˻֮ڣԶǿԾ 
ظĿռѱһ͵İ޷Ծ齹ĵ 
䡭䡭顭˾δؿʼȻܵǿĹ 
죬Լӳֻطȵһ侲Ļ˳ 
ڵлظ߲Ҳƴʥصǿ֮Ҳ޷׺ض𶯣ѵ˳ܵļޣﵽ׳ʲôѵħ 
˵ƴرǽսʿƴӻ£ֹͣ𶯣ûڻԸɣΪǶ֪ʱġ 
ĻϵͼһƬڰȫ޷˽Σһǰδеδ֪־ʥء 
һֱ׷ħΧԽԽ٣ǰȥһƬˣڰϼһﵽҪܵȥܵߣҲˣҾͲ㻹ܻذڿռȥ 
ûķ⣬ǰһƬԺڰգȻڰħ˵ûκӰ졣 
һγ˲ƺͻȻһΧ֮ͻȻһƬصİ 
˵ⰵأΪĺССֻһҴսСȴ൱ŨĸоƬС̺İЩסϵŵӴϡ 
ԭħ𲢷ĿĵķӣҲеѣ 
ħûͣķ֮УԳһ˿ɣҲһ˿Ĳֵ֪ڻʲôȻħԼǱ 
£֮ͣ޷̽ȥ֮պԲħ֮ûа˿ 
׷ħĿΪסûлԸЩֻҪһֱ֮⣬ҲɴﵽĿģĵĿݵȣ϶ǿĺܵˡ 
Ǿ뵽һ̽ţⰵ֮ڣħûκ˺ 
ȴ֣ȴֹһһ㣬ԽԽŨҲԽǿ 
Ȼ̫֮ȻѾ棬Ȼ׵߳ȥ 
̵ľ룬ܿѴе֮ȷֵһڿռͨһǰ̫Ŀռͨ 
ŷֵһѵһħĴ󿳵 
Ȼʮ㰵ĺ֮أħĹû˿֮⣬ӶħӭȥųΧĸˣȴ㾪üг 
ͻȻð˺ڿ񺰵ôܣڵħսУЩħʹȫôħʹͻȻҵĿռڣ 
һ֮ħҲûټͷħС˶ٵİħʹΧħվǰǿڵɻ󣬴Цô磬벻ͨǰɣǰڿռڵʽ⣬ҵ겻ҲǱһ𣿹 
ƺã˴Ȼĸħʹ 
ħٴοЦˣ˵ֻ㣬˴£ռеİħʹϰٸ֮࣬ǵɱЩսʿǿˣ 
ħ˵ͻȻһȥ 
û뵽ħͻȻٴηѣæеħ񽣺ᵲȥ 
顭һ֮£ʱ˳ȥǿɢΣ 
Ŀǰħʵ벻ͨʵôתۼǿ֮࣡ 
ħȻЦţ㻹Ϊ㵽Ϊɱ𣿡 
ˣǳʱ˿̣ħ˵ЩĵĻƭԼħ˵ʵҲǰоԼħµһ֮С 
ħһοЦͻȻħʹһǰʧ١ 
ĶԾɴħֻҪԪռ㲻ֹͣתⰵڷӡڰɣĿռ佫ɰڵ磬ҵڿԼľˣ 
һ˲䣬ħıħŰħʹȥҲȥ 
顭һǿķ֮˻ 
δˣȴǾޱȣѵʮ㰵ɵռ䣬ħ˵ġڷӡ 
ħ񽣣ǰնȥ 
ǿĻƬСĿռ˼ȵŤħϻǿײڲ֮ں˻񱬵Ļԭռڷɿĳײš 
ľЩԲĵóħ񹭣ϣǿħܽӡ˺һ϶ 
ٴεʧܺڿʼ־֪ԼܳȥǻˣռҲˣռеЩĲƷʳ롣 
ֽעŵԲԶĿռ֮ͨϣһѳεİڿռͨռ֮ͨڣܵ˾û˿İڷӡеһƬ໥ţŰڷӡκһ˿ġ 
ܿ϶ռͨӡĺڣԼҪƳӡҲռֲͨõѡ 
ռͨЩͨȫͬҲ˿ʵĳɷݴڣͨڳ˰֮⣬Ҳʵͨһͷڰڿռʲôط 
ŽͨصĿռͨȴǰڷӡͬԣԼѹȥڵİԭںԭҲˡ 
ľȥӡڵİӡϵǿԺ׵գʧȥȴǿռͨڵϣ 
ԽԽҪԼ汻һֱ˴˴ǽǸʲôһ 
ֽڵİԭ鲼ȫⱻεӡ̽ȥ˭֪ߵ֮ʱɱ 
ڿеһռҾͲŻᱻССķӡ棡 
ݾϴתߵռ֮ͨԣͣӦͨڵİʣ뵽ͨѾΣȫһʵ߲ͨܽϣҾͲһͷҲô鷳ҽһͷԴҿӡʲôƨã 
űͨƮȥ˭֪սӴеһҪ˺ǿľ޴ѹ 
ں˻ԭԭǸ˳ס壬һγǿռͨڳȥ 
˭֪ٴνӴռͨ澫İ֮ʱʱһ㱻ɿĵ˳ȥ 
顭صײطӡڱ֮ϣȻ絯һ㣬˲ڱܷ֮ࡣ 
ͷ͵ǿסȥΣĵϢһڣǿ𵴶Щ΢΢ҵٴߵǿռ֮ͨԡ 
˼ԼڵĻԭȫѹһţȻֽǾİԭתÿһ䣬ٴ̽ųǿռͨڷȥ 
շɽͨڣԾɸܵǿѹȴû˷ѹȻǿ󣬵ȴǿܡ 
ϲ֮¿ʼĳͨȥ˭ԽѹԽ󣬲ûɶԶѵܳܵļޣ 
ͣΣԭطЩİɿգͣתʹõİԭԽԽǿܵѹҲԽԽС 
оռѹԼûʲô̫ӰٴγȥûɶԶͣհ 
û뵽ռͨȻҲ棬ͬİԽȴԽŨܼͨд˷ǳ鷳 
Ҳ޷룬ֻܱհǿԼ߳̽Ҳ֪ʲôʱܷɵͨһͷ 
ʥڣ̲סСӣ취ڵͿˣٵȻֻʣ˸һˣ



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   ﲻֹ죬ҲͬУȻڵĻûٷ𶯣ԼӦ֮£ȴǳ֪ĹڼţǷǳңǲֹͣӻط֣ΪطֵǿһЩܱܿǼ﹥ƣʧȥ˻صı˳սʿ⣬˿ĻҲûС ҪˣδԼȥӻأΪʱЩ΢ʲôؼԵãĴԲ˼ٶȷɿת 
һѸٵı񶨵ʵҲЩΪ 
ر޷ƶֺռ䱻£ҲʹǿԾƴǿռͨͨռĻҲûС 
زţ˸Էɢ룬Ҳвͨڿռ˵£ٶ࣬ҲֻᱻЩǿɱ 
桭֮˼ͬʱ˾֮ 
ͬʱҲռѽؽѽ 
붼ûıԶǿԾ 
˲ʥѳ뷽Ǵ֪˶ԶһƬǿ֮С 
϶Žٺ˷ܺϲã˶֪ԼǴԵ֮һˣ˵˾ͷԳһᡭ 
ڿʳеɻ󣺡ţղô£ΪͨĽЩʲô˵İɣ 
ԵҲãȻڶԵ飬㽫ؽԾȥһ˲䲶׽Ļ 
Ļʾһ黭棬һȺɫף޽ĹˣʮͷħС˶ٵİƴɱһȻֻǶ̶̵һ黭棬ҲԿЩɫ׵ʵҲǿһ棬Щܵļ 
սԵ֮һͬ׵ˣɫľ޴󳤽ڼͷ֮ϣƷͬһ㡣 
ĻϿԿĿⲢǿƴսȦǿʥأĿǿԿغıڲ㣬ֱӽǵĿÿ˵ĵһ㡣 
ЩͻȻðиͬص㣬ǱƤЩƫȥôȻû˿֮УЩƴеĻףû˶ЩϤ֮Уٿս֮˵ĻףҲ˹ 
ԭЩ˵ĻϤΪǵĻЩƣվսȦ֮Ļ׸һ޶ 
һ黭棬˶Щ˵еĪǿʵƣȫһĻףкιϵأǴӺζء 
ֻһԵСѩӻпʲô૵ĵѵǱսʿ 
⣬ӳҲ죬ʵɩӣսʿʲôͷǣ棬ܰĲû 
һѯʵĿ⣬Сѩû죬ڽ͵ǰ˵ħսУкܶռսʿһְڿռ䣬бռսʿ˵սױͣҿЩ˺еսʿ 
СѩĽͺһսʿ 
ħս֮ʱͬڿռıЩսʿռսʿŶԣԻһսʿ֤Щ˵ݡ 
ܿ죬һսʿѵ˻֮У忪ʵʮţ㿴Ļϵʶ𣿡 
ʮսʿֻĿһۣޱĿڴս͵սʿˣҼ 
СѩȴһϲָǸվսȦʵʮţ˵˾ 
ʮսʿûд𻰣ȴǳ϶ĵ˵ͷ 
쿴СѩǸ˾æֺʵɩӣʲôͷô˱Ƶģ 
СѩЦݲĵĵӣҲռڵĵһսɵĺֵܣһħЩġ 
ҲЦϴֵܣҲֵܣȻֵܣҵӦûʲôɣٺ٣ţ콫ؿȥɣֵˣǻʲô 
òҪļһ˲㼯ε 
Ǻǣû뵽һҲῪϣѧսʿˣС࣬ʵͲ˵㣬ȻǼƵ޷ 
ͻȻ˵ĵ׶λڸֳˣһɢ֮Σ 
ˮ󾪣ʵͨô쵽ģַʽʥЩ󣬵ȴһȫͬʽһ־벻ʲô͡ 
ȻЦ˵ԺλСѿԸңʲôط 
СѩһٵĳԼΪСѣȻҽСѣҷ㲻ɣ 
һ㶵֪ҵ֣ŶˣһЩսʿģ˵ǸλСѣң 
СѩЦ˵ɾҲϹ 
Цס˵ɾһ磬ҴҲţɩӣ֮Իǲš 
СѩЩսʿǿɲƭˣ滹кüɵֵܣҲֵܣȻСѣҪ֪ٺ١ 
СѩǷǳξȹҲǷͬһ𾴣Сѩȷݺ󣬱ȫǿֵֻ֪ܶѡ 
ĬһᣬӦȥѯսʿˣһССѩЦϸĿˣѧսʿ˸ţ 
ЦСѩɫҪ֮ʱסЦݣվСѩһҾɩϣһݣһϸȻˣôƯǰСˣһס 
˵ԺͻȻʧȥӰŻٴο˴֮ǣѴϮطֳȱڡ 
һ̫ͻȻ˻ӳľ֮δ䣬صĻͻȻһ 
˵ĿⶼеǸ֮͵ϣɣĵ׵ĵȴȥ˴롣 
߲ǱˣǴս׵ɹŵЦ⣬վһѱ˻ߵĵɫ޽ⵣһڼͷ֮ϣʱȫû˴Ļ̬֮ôƽЩơ 
ιιι񣬿ô˵ҲҴ°ôûһС֣ЦŵĻ˴л˹ 
ŵĵô˵ҲϴֵܣҲҵֵܣҪִҲȴкɣҲŵ˿ӣҪǽĲ㣬ħ˼ңǻȫ˰ 
ȤĿСѣԣӦýһֵܣǸû氡Ҫħõܵ𣿸żϵҲ˲꣡ 
ٺЦ˵ֵͱŻˣħֲûҪ˵ǰǻ綼ûȥˣ 
һ㶣ɻĵǼħ𣡡 
ĵǵȻǰ潻˺üΣڱϴ֪׷ȥˣ 
üͷһӦǡǼǡ 
ֶЦСѣԣֵܣȻƭңǵ˵ļҲôһ˲ʱѣħڻڰڿռڶִһţй潻棬˵ˣ̶ȵʵԪ˵Сħʹ˵ʲôħ𽻷棬 
һԵĻĻ죬ڲԵ˵ģħϴһħսǶȥϴתʵҲŻظİٷ֮һͻȻ﷢ֵħڻظʵҲϴ˶١ѵڿռлһħڣ 
˻Ļ˳˼˰úſʵʲôط 
ڼǰȥ׷ɱħˣڻδأɿĴ 
ЩĵѵĹδ鷳ˣ 
һѯʵĿ⣬͵ǿǸֻħķѣڰڿռ֮УǿģȫʢʱĻ磬ûܶԸ 
ͣһּ˵Űڿռĸռ֮ڣħķһЩͰħʹ뵱ħսǰηǳͬħҪĳռˣȴû֪Ҫֵĸռ䣬ռǿٴ֣ħʵʵ̫ǿڻ繦δ治֪ôԸ 
õĲѣһǶȥЩɣô˵ǰҲһҪȫǻռˣ 
˭֪ȴǰҿ϶ѡռ֣Ӧǰ˾Ųʮˡ 
󾪵ʵΪΣ 
ʳ˰׳յ⣬ģ뵽ô˵ҲԼֵܣֻ͵밡ÿռ䶼дػսʿΨռȴֻлϸǿߴڣڵʵȴֻһħ࣬˵ħ⣬ôģ 
˶һȻҲսʿ͸ûǴһ㣬˵ҲǣڵʵռػսʿҲʵڲ̫Զ˵㡣 
ͻȻЦٺ٣ֻˣȥҪ־ͽһ￪ǰĵطȥ˵Ѵӻʧ١ 
飬ŴʵǵĻطԾ˶Զ 
廹û𻰣ղŵǿմԾ˴򣡡 
ȻŴһֻ룿է 
֪ʲôҪȥ𣿡ľЩЩڴʵ 
һµȥ׼Ծطʱ׼ܡ 
һ΢΢ĿռŤʥػصǹڵƬǿ֮УĻϵĻɿĵҪĳ֮С 
ħ𣡡֮˼ͬʱ 
ӴĻϿɼħʮħʹĶʮսʿԳţԣǱʮսʿΧţħվȦмԳţѾƴһǡ 
Զɼ 
û뵽û뵽黹أҸողűıһ٣ҲһصϢ˰ɣ˵ѻӶǰѳնȥ 
ǰæİħʹҲսʿкˡ 
ľ޽ħĳײһ֮ʱʱִһ޴𶯡 
ħǰǸħ𣬵ʵôͻȻ֮֮ǿ֮ͲħֵǰɼĽжԱȣ 
廰䣬ĲѾˣħڵֵǰʥƴʱ˽ʮ 
ַɿ콫˳ܳܵЧ룡 
ĻϵĻ沢δֹͣħƴһǺǿײ˳ȥһɫҺ塣 
ħδסΣֱһͻȻðһŸ߻ԭ 
ĻдĿħ΢΢ţϵĻѳദѷ졣



 

   ħԼ˿⣬ԿЦɱôأٻаٸֻ֮࣬Ҫ粻ûܸı䶨֣㻹Сǵռɣ ħĴЦУʮ˵İħʹս߳*˹ȥһвɿ飬ǿԾ 
һ󼫶ȵĿһֻظƽ 
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ŻصĿ˶ȣᣬ쾪δʵţղô£ 
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ĻϵԾǰһ黭棬ʮħʹħԺħһԱһƬڰ 
׵ģͻȻ˻صĻڣͬĻǶʮЩǱսʿ 
صҼұͺܴͻȻʮҲ˿оӵɽǾ޽ڼͷɫȴԵЩΣٺ٣治˼û뵽СӾȻҲǸˣǷӦ죡 
ȻذȻҲٶ۴£ڿǷǳģħͻȻұñǰʮ౶ֵȴأȥ׷ɱֲħ𣬻һʲôĽأ 
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ȴüħķˮƽǰԵúһԼʵ棬ԣ˵ڵʵħָ࣬Ǹʵħࣿ˵ҲǴ󾪡 
˶뵽˻֮£һ󼱵СѩҪڣȵǷİɣ粻µģ 
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ҿ˿ڵ˵㣡 
ͷãҴֵܣҲҵֵܣЩ¾ȼķˣû׼ܰʲôæܻʲôطұҪҵͻȻ»֪ͨҵģǱ߻и̯ӵȥʰأҾȣٺ١Цʧȥټ 
壬˵Ǹô죬Ҫȥ𣿡СѩĴǵġ 
岻˼ĵˣǵȥѰϴҲûЧİɣϴһµģսʿļ룬ǵļƻҪȥ 
Ǳߵ˷˵սʿ˽飺λֵܹհӦսʿͷ 
սʿһæػսͻֵܣֱСֱˣ˶ûգֻ֣Сֽ˼ϣޡ 
ͷʹĴϵͣͣͣԺǾͽ˼ˣ˵Ǿ 
һ߷ԸǵСǣȥΪЩսʿϢĵطʲôҪ㣡 
ЩսʿʵĿõģԺаħʹֻ*أԻҲ̫ܶˡ 
˼е˻ĻæڵսʿҪϢκʱ򶼴ս״̬һΪǰһ侲ұˣǻе˳ʱһʱ 
޵սʿȻһİͲͷλˣħʹּǿʱλԮ 
ǣ˼ǳ򵥵ĻӦ 
ǴЩ쾧սʿ˻Һ󣬻ٴԾǹڣ 
ʥزŸոԾȥӭһ֡ǿ󡱵ĹڸսʥȻ﷢˹ 
̶ֳȵĹȻܶԻɰֵˣ忴ŴĻϵĻЦ˵̯ӣղħͰħʹĴ󱬲֪˶ٿ¿ɺãȫǵǵͷˡ 
쿴Ǵ֣Ц׳գҲǷЧ˷ҳȥ̸аɣ 
ЦȥһŹ֣ 
Цûд𻰣Ի˵ĽҲǷǳġ 
һͨѶⲨͼǽͨѶӣ 
ӽɣ˵仰ܽ⣬Ȼã 
ĻһֳһӣӼͨѶͨԵЩ⣬˲üΪŭʵʲôˣȻǷǹʵʩһϵлƻҪĽͣǽʵʩԴ 
վڻ̲סЦ˵ͷǲǻû˯ѰʵʩԴԿ 
ǴĻʱûһʱ˵ 
һۣŶòĵλ 
Ԫ˧ǹԪ˧ڷŭ֮лĳƺ 
סЦǸԪ˧ǰɣʲôˣʵ˵ҲţǾͲ˵ˣǹǰٿǸٵĲ⸽ɵĺûϵҲ亦⣬ǻڹڰ£ϣǲҪӣ 
ǱߵԪ˧ѱ׵˵ʲôûĴڣŲǣ 
üͷֱӽͨѶжˣʲô⣬ûʲô˵ģ˷ѿˮ 
˷ܵЦôǾҳȥ̸У 
̸ͷǿ࣬Ϊ񰵺ҿȥǰٿűİˣֵĿռͨҲϣҪЩˣ 
֣ǿĴͽˣ󷵻ػأûҪֶ֣ͣǿ 
ĻսʿĴ·ɳ˻أǸշɳأСڵľѻȻ̶ֳȵĹ첻˺ȴסǵߣоϷǳˬ 
Ų֮ĿԼȴӭڻ嵽һҴ׵ս֮ǰааЦ⣬һŽս߷˳ȥαʧ˵ 
֣ǿɱˣȫǿսţŲæķɢƬĸʼڻִԼ 
ûãļѶ˻أţʮ߷˺ôһռͨʮսʿƴȫҲϣ㿴ô죬ɵɣ 
ƹȥ 
Ҳ˻׷ɵ֮ͨԣͨȷǺܴǰĿռֻͨһССķ϶ѣռͨȴʮ׵ֱ 
һԵսʿʵʮߺţͨа취𣿡 
ʮߺսʿ϶ĻشͨѾΣʮսʿһͬӡ޷ķ¡ 
üͷΪǳ׽ӡʲô˼ǿҪʮսʿһֱﲻ뿪ǿİӶײʱܲסһǺã 
뵽Щսʿ֪֮ͨˣ˼ˡ 
˼׻˼ȴˣҪͨѣͨһͷѾռݣ£Ҫ֮ʱǻԴͨ 
˼Ļ󣬲ŶЩսʿͻȻȻԭǶǴͨġ 
ȻͨһͷѾ˵Ŀ֮£ǽͨҲкôͨڽ˼򵥵ĴֹֻİϢҲΪ˷ֹ֮ͨͨڡ 
ȻĴҲֻܶһЧֹЩǿİЩ֪İҪĻҲûʲôΪҲߵͨľͷѡ 
ռͨͰ鴦˶ʥأһƻеĿµ̯Ҳֻǹˡ 
սʿЭ֮£ǵ˼ƻĽţһİǵ첻ɶѶȣżһħʹҲ˼ȥħҲûг֣Ҳδǹִ͵Ŀռͨ 
ʵ̫Ҫ˼ƻңңڡ 
ҵסǴڷӡӡ̫棬ż޾İΪܣķ˺ܳʱ䣬þ취Ҳƿ 
϶Ǳӡ֮ڣ޷֮£׼ذڿռ֮ڣԮ 
ܼĿռͨڼѵǰţڵİԭԶԶ˻ԭ֪Լɻɵ棬ȴ˰ǻʲôĽҲ޷룬ΪڵĿֻһǾǴеͨľͷж϶İԴƵסԼİڷӡ 
һδεհǰУٴУԼҲ֪˶ãڵͨľͷߵ龰ȴݿ˹ȥ 
ԭͨһͷȻһڷӡͬķӡȴԴԴϵṩİǸռͨȥѾͷķӡȻԼڵʵƿ 
ᣬڳ˵ģ֪ôˣûԼﻹԸǸʵͻȻİħ⻹ϰٸħʹ 
пʵҪԣǿѹڵĵģڵҪеⶼҪԼܽ 
ͷһ⣬ǱԼľЩٱԼջټİΪ;Ƽ޾ƴһ¡ 
ΪʲôӡЧӦи޶ȣֻҪԼʵ޶ȣǱ׵Ĵӡ߳ȥ 
֮£ⰵܼ֮ʼȫתľİתɰԭ 
ȫڵİԭȴ֪Щԭǵͬʱ壬˼־Ҳڷ΢ı仯 
Ƕ԰жڽţԵİڷӡ֮⣬֡ 
ι״һ绨ʯ̳һ׾ˣһȫڽڵĹˣʣһףȻֻ֣ 
䶼ǳ֣ȴŷǳǿʵĴ֮£ǲͣı÷ƽӡһ΢гЧ 
ǸʯȥǸ͵ĸ֣ȴû뵽سȻǾǿ󵽿ֲľ



 Ƴӡ

   ǿľһСƬӡ֮ڵ˱ƴǰòЧķӡ֮ڽƻ һӡ֮ڱƿһ󶴣սƶҲԽԽǽһӡˡ 
Ȼ֪滹жٲķӡ֮ڣȴǺ˷ܣΪֻҪгЧƵӡҲʱ⡣ 
ʵǲ֪֮׵ƵǷӡ֮ڣΪ֮ʣڿռͨһͷڶɿŰߵķӡ޷ǿĵֿ״̬ӡĻᡣ 
ӡһȥȥһӡ֮ڣΪԼڵû뵽ǰֻһڳĿռͨѡ 
᲻Ҵ˵طڣھ˻еʵ 
ҲãȻˣôѵǰħʲ󣬻⴦ӡʵ; 
ǸȫĹȴڵҿռͨЩŹ֣İľŨǿͨ᲻ǷӡģǱͨ棡 
ҲԸ׷Ľͷпܣҽȥ̽һ£ 
˵㳯ͨڷȥʵǰһλԿסǿѹҲ޷ǰ 
ӿռͨ˳ȥ󣬿ͨİǿޱȣԽԽԻʧʱʵͨ棬Ҵطˣ 
ô죬Ҳ磬˭Ըħ𰡣˼ 
εĵô죬ȻȥɣȥĵطңҾͲҲ 
ȴһҰɣҲЩ 
ҲҲ 
ǵ˼ЦðɣǱȱҲӰ첻ʲô͵һˣ 
ȴʲô͵ҵǻҪظʱ˵Ҫľأ 
˵Լһ㣬⻹ΪһȴħƴǿɶģʧȥֻҪ㹻ʱ仹² 
˼˵û 
ҲǸˣֿڵǻȰͨڸ˰ɣֱħã 
ߵķӡƣͨڵҲȫֹ˷ҲûʲôѶȣܿƬջظҲռͨĺۼ 
ͨں˱ͷʼѰ䣬ʵϣıǸھˣΪǿ󵽱̬ľԿٵĽдΧľȷʱߡ 
ӡ𶯣ͨһͷ붨ת˹˫ĿУĺһţ 
վαǰߴ࣬òҲı䣬һͷʺ쳤ʱаѪ֮ɫ˿Ѫһ޷Ʈš 
֮䣬һħ崦ֱȻֱɿڣ嶼ںһ㡣 
ߵķӡɣӡڵİδĿٷֺʱѾǷӡĴڣ̤鲽㳯ӡ⴩жȥ 
ȻڷӡڵѾܹκε谭ܿ˷ӡ֮⣬һֵĿռ䣬쳣ܼİŨҺ 
ǸЦ⣬˵Ȼһ㣬ӡǰеһۣǰڿռ޾ĺԴ֮һЩƷһˣ 
ľһȫתʱѾȫȥԼı仯ҪǸİǿİԭ 
⴦ռгĺɫУҺ˵ܼɿڣԭ־εľѹڵİԭŨ̶ѵ˲˼ĵز 
ʵ˵ѾظǿʢʱˮƽʱǿʵĲԭĻԭǾ컯İԭ 
Щ֮²̫ĻԭѱӴİԪͬ˰ԭһ֣ҲİԭЩı죬ʲô˵壬ܸоǵİԭѡ 
Ȼıںԭͻԭ֮ٵĿԪ֮⣬Ӵİԭ޷˿컯͸ı䣬ҲŽĶԼ⣬ȴ޷ɹںػһΧסԪҲԪΪΨһδľ 
ٴγվһЦ֮͸Ŀ񱬰⴦ռ䷢΢΢Ĳ 
ȻĿռ䣬ֻİǿ𡭡һڶĻУʧܼ 
ٴγʱվһ޾ڰ֮Уǰڿռ䣬ûκιߵ硣 
˫վ֮УƮΰİԪأ߹Щ߹ƬĿռ֮𣿲һҪΪҵһõľ 
һȺ΢ϸСİԶ˹֮ϣ̰ʳǼŨİ 
ЩȻΪϸСȴԷǳĸоǵĴںΪȴ˿Ϊ⣬Ȼ֮£Ԫ͵ΰ͸໥ͬǿ 
վţЩϸСʳԼڵЩԸʳԼ 
ռиεİɿĳӹ뵽ЩСڣԼڵİʵδʧ١ 
СʳԽԽ뿪壬һϸ˿״ĴڽһıΣ 
εİֹͣ˴ʳĵ״һ𣬴𣬴𣬴𡭡 
ⲢϵĴѶǰĸӦܣҲ໥佻Ҫʽ 
ʹЦôΰǴӵ𣬱԰ŷͬѰĸ֪ǿƾǿ׻˵ĵȼԼڵǿžЧ֮ģҲ˿ġ 
ûЩѳεİҲû˲֮ɿĳŰڿռδ֪Ʈɳȥ 
޾Ŀռ֮û壬̸ϵ洦ڲͣİڰ֮УռаﹲͬļңһļңεİԼڵİȻЩûκιϵȻ˽ķš 
ôΰֶôٴηĸ̾ 
ͻȻԶӶļȵңң 
׷⼸һȫȻƤİսʿת䣬֪ѵ˰ǰ˫ֶааЦ 
ǰͻȻ־һͣǰɻĿԸоǿ󣬵ȴ޷жǿʲô̶ȡ 
ͨϵ׵ȵİٻ﷢κҪ˵ֱḻЦˣǰȻӦ˳ʲôˣ 
ٺ٣ǰĴҲǿƵİħ𣡡˿ûδӷЦ 
һűǿЦһɺԣħֲûοǧסȻҲð䣡 
ٴЦȴûͻȻ仯һħ޷Ӧٶȴ֮ϴ˹ȥ 
ħֻΣûͣĳԶȥ 
˵ȴķֽ⿪ԽԽ࣬ԽԽСѻɲ֣ȫʧ١ 
ǰ治Զһ޴ĺɫʯǰ֮кĴʵʣҲռԴͷ֮һ 
⾧ʯɢڻռڵԭʼ̥һ㣬ֹĽɢռ֮У޾İҲ֮ 
ǰŰʯʱȴĿ飬ԸռĴͼٵ 
һЩΪǿİЩսһţСһЩİȴԼһʵѪ֮ڣԼԼ˵Դͷ 
ĴİﲻͣĳŴ˴ЩڵİƬıЩ飬ŸİԼЩȱ 
Ļ棬ŭˣЩﱾѾˣЩ˻Ҫ˲̵ķȥٵԴͷǿɺ֮ 
ٴλħһɫķ籬ɿĳս֮˹ȥЩɱռʱ˲ء 
ܴͻȻ䣬ʣЩȫͣĹϾ۵һ𣬿ǰѾε 
ЩԸռսʿȻ󶼴δЩ˵ȴİΪЩ˵ˣսѣǹͬƬռ֮սҲһռû˿ɱ 
ǰļδǣ˼ʱĹ۵ǰͬȥڻռڵСѩͻˣֺοЩռսʿ 
㣬ʲôˣһսʿ־˳಻ͬڰԲ̲ס˳ 
̵ЦɶİˣǸʳ⻰һش¼İ˻֪˭ 
䣬ѱüΪаİɫ˫Ŀͻһɣǿİԭ˫ǰ˻ȥ 
ֵֻİ˴֮£ȭԭȥ 
ʵĲ඼̫޴󣬰˵ֱʱڲҽб飬嶼˿ըԼҲ˲ᡣ 
ȫûǰ¶־ĸռսʿȴ֮£ħСӱǧΧǷҪȥһأ̫ˣԺɡ 
ħǧԸռǿΧţȴ˿ΪԼĴͰΣеģǳЩΧԼ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ǵ޷Լ˺밵˵ĻԼͬǿĻûԼ 
ħѸоĴڣԼĿռڣ׵ĸӦһĴڣħܼҲ˷ܡ 
ľİźƣԼԤĵ·Ϊ˰ڿռһԱħǳ⡣ 
ȻȫһȻڰбñħҪǿ󣬵ħԴ˿⣬Ϊ֪ڲ˵԰ǿʵҲ˰˽ 
֪һЩֻڰеĿΪԼøõռ䣬Լ壬ħҲаԥ 
ųԼ߿ٷɴܶʮߣǼ¶Ц⣬֮ǰڿռڵǿħʹ 
ʮħʹͣԣ΢΢һȫ¶˿ϲ֮ɫ 
ڿռȣħʹǿʵǵȻҲ֪ͨ߳࣬ԼУֶһħͬǿĴڣ



ڰ ڶħ

   Ĳ˵ҪϢѷǳ׵ĸǣԼеһԱʵѵ˴ļ СǣǱʱˣ̵ķʽɱЩֵˣڸаĵ 
ûʮħʹһͬȥ 
ЩռսʿԪ˶ʧȥս⣬ʮʵǿİħʹ룬ﻹеֿ 
һЩҪеռսʿȴһεǽڸ˻ӭǵһѰצѪȵĳ 
һħͬǿĴͻȻ˰ڿռ֮УЩվͬһӪľѻԸռħսʿϢڰڿռЩԸռսʿзɿĴҲ˸ܵεвһħǿһħǽǺεȿ֮¡ 
ʥڣСѩѼ߰㣬ʱȥˣԾѶȫޣÿΪǴʧͶһݵĵġ 
԰жɣΪǺֵİͿռͨԽԽ٣ʹǵж˳ݵɡ 
ѿʼɳսʿȥ̽Ѱ䣬Ҳȥ˲ˣȴûκνžҲ뵽ʱڰڿռ֮гΪ˵ڶħ 
ֱڿռڳһǿ֮´֮پû˵֪Ϣ֮󣬻ǷͬѰĴ֮ڲһ˿ѵǸǿĴڻʧٵϴ󣬵ϴôᵽ˰ڿռ֮УѻЩһԸԸռħսʿأ 
ܶ벻ͨĵȴɾǸͻȻֵǿںܱܿԼϴ뷨أڵʵԵڿռȥһ̽ 
ûиݵ뷨Ϊ֮һԾɽԼսʿ˻ߣԼȴռǿһ𷵻ص˰ڿռ֮С 
ԼǰһŽɫս׺һɫս׵ĶˣĵռĻƽ𡢰λս 
ǿ߼ضԳֲδ֣Ƕ˼ǳϳǵݺԵЩ⣬Ļ뵽ǰ֮ʵǵħͳ˧ǲսڰڿռսѣԼݵǿż񡪡 
ڵѾϢȫ˸ȻԾսףʱսٷǰ֮ɫǿ󰵺Ĺע컯£ѱռͬİ֮ɫҲֻ֪ϸ˲пܴδϳ䱾Ŀ 
˴ռֻˣڷ֮ʱȫ㿪ԶΪ֪һһսʵԸЩСİǴʱĿ±ʳƬ 
Ȼϵǣⰵڿռڲеڶħ㵽ʲôˣȻЩ⣬ս񿪿ʵ 
Ц䣬óħ񽣣ҪδıֺʾԼݡ 
Ȼսϳ֮ħͬڡ 
ڴ֮࣬Ҳݲ뷨Ƕǳ֪ħΪɱħѽ˻֮˻⣬ûܹ֮ʹ 
еɻ󣬽ħľ˵ҾǵǲսĻڵǣҵ뷨ȴһĸı䣬ܺڵһͬɱĿҪΪһЩֲҪΪռеĿһ顣 
磬ôսȷݺ󣬼Ⱦ£ǲ֪ԼĿеżôģȴ֪ı仯ʲôĿº 
񣬽ѿʼܵ׼֪Ѿж̫λûһսοǻҪѻħϢˣ 
ǵ˼ûлɱ˵˼ħ񽣣Զ˵ǣ˭ҪЩĿΪѣһΪѣϲɱ֮£ͱҲˣ 
㡭 
ֳڣһǿİϢɿĳŶϮȥϢȻ˼ˣȴԸʾصľ档 
ԥȥ 
ֹ֮˵Ц⣬±֪ʵݣϣ˶֪ݣԼһжӦΪ֮ġ 
ŽϢãѳħΧսȦ֮⣬ȱκηӦɢһ֮һɫ糯ս֮ھȥ 
⴦ս֮ˣһǸռеĶǿߣǿɶĿ£˸ᵲ棬ҲɵĽսȦ֮ڣħԡ 
ǿߣϦյͷʱȴ¶˻ĵ΢Ц 
磬ʲô뷨𣿡ħԼֵܰʵ 
Ц뷨ȻУȴһҪ㣡 
𣿹 
ħЦĺʹ죬ȫ˵Ĵڣеվ̸ 
磬ôˣڶߵǰԶЩУĹϵãĻħ 
ڸս֮ʱѷĴڣȴϦյֵܣ֪ΪʲôֻһԼҲĪĸо 
ȻߵǰȻҲȥرܣԼսѺֵܻǺӣĵЩı䣬Щı䲢ʲôãҸʶ磬֪ԱǺ˵ĶĻսʿռȥɣԱռƽ£֮ͲҪٲˣ 
磬СѩɩӺͻֵǶڵȥȻȥ𣿡ȻħȴδʧңԾɺǣСѩˣϣȽȰػռ䣬Ȼظԡ 
ᵽСѩͻʱڳһԵĲЩⴥ⣬ԼӦûȥȴСѩҲԼġ 
Ĭ˰ú󿪿ڵԸһæ𣿡 
ĳȥѲ³Ҫ£˼δʧ֪Լ˵ıκξ 
Ǽˣİɣһ֪һаãǵĵġѵĿڵ 
Լδڣ֪Լ˼Ҳһмллܶ㲻׵ģҲ޷ȥǺ󣬱ռȥɣֻҪдһ죬㲻ռɰƻ 
Ҳûʲô˵ǳʱͻȻģһħվͬһ֮ϣܸʲôأ˳Ҹ̨ò 
Ŀ⣬Ҳڴ˶һʧ˵ 
ռͻȻħ֣Ļռ䵱Ȼǰȫˣֶ˰Ʊռ䣬ռħʹʿȴΣ 
ĿɨͣһŭϣôЩٺ٣ҿǻȻȥ׼һ°ɣһݷģ 
ıɷŭʱ˴֮ɫǷǳ仰˼̲סԼųͳޱȣװʲôߣɣǻˣ 
Щռǿ߽ħΧм䣬Ծվһˣȴ˸Ҷ֣һʱĳ嶯ΪԼռ 
Ҫʱ䣬Ҫһʱ䣬ҪӦΣճ̶һİΣ 
ħıҲЩ⣬û뵽ھԼŵľ޴仯Ȼ˼־˱仯־ȴ˵ǰЩҲ 
ħЩģҲ͸ˣ˵ӴһΪڿռ룬ǻûʲôһ죬ͻȻظңǲǸ鷳 
㲻ɱ𣿡ħ̽Ŷʵ 
ЦŵĿǰΪֹһû㣬ԺͲһˣ 
ԼӦŰɣˣͻȻֶħ𿪿ڵ 
ħ󾪣˻Ǻ˼ΧܵĸռǿȴǴϲڶ̣˵뿪֮£ǱƴһħȸˣȻѵܸߣҶƴǽ˵ˡ 
Ժ󣬾ı˵ڶħҪӦҲ׶ˣ 
Ҫȥħæʵ 
ȻЦ⣺ȥʱҸ¼ˣ 
ľħϲǵģϲȻһΪİŴ㣬ĵȴһߣЩΧԼ˱һԼƴȻǲһԼǴֻʣҲһ¡ 
Ļǽѣǿɷǳ˼ǿɶܵԼĿռȥԼħƴʲôء 
رĵҪǸˣ֮ԣɷǳһܵԼȥȻ޿ռڻмԼͬǿԼǿأǷ赲ĽŲͺ˵ˡ 
ûȥǵ˼ǧ˵껰ħͶȥһ֮Ц⣬Ȼһɫ糯˳ȥ 
ϴû£ʲôط忴Եʵ 
ԭѻصʥأֻԻ˵ѱҵںܰȫڵĵطԼڵ״̬ȴ֨عȥ˭֪ȥûŹЩԲһʡ 
ЩΪѣʵǲԸû֪ڵ״嶯ʣֻõѾظǰʵڰڿռսһʱܻزˣռԺҲаֻ֣ҪڵĿռչ˺ñˣ 
Ҳû˵ѣǻظ˵ʵҲȷڰڿռսȴû˵ظʵ԰ڿռսĶҲħЩ 
˵꣬ȻʣŵҪҵսʿռˣ֪ԺûмĻᣬǺΪ֪ɣ 
˵Ѵӻػʧ٣ͬʱʧĵȻʮսʿЩܣҲ֪ԼܻΪܣʵڲǡ 
ô£ôû˵ˣ쿴ʧĵطһ󷢴 
壬˵ǲǳʲô£СѩҲ˵֮ 
ڷǿ˼˵֮һſڵҵϴ󣬵һʲôǣ 
ʲôأ᲻ˣСѩĵʵ 
ȴڵСӲ˵ϴظʵﻹˣ 
ΪʲôһأӦ֪ǺܵǣοСѩҲ֪ô˵ĻҲĶһЩҪ֮¡ 
СӲ˵ϴڰڿռ𣬲ȥڿռϴɣ 
峯һ۵ǴռͨѾǵʥزܴǹǴռͨйȥǾŻ׵ڿռȥЩǿİﲻǣԼҲ޷Ļá



ھ ʧǰ

   Ǹô죿Сѩͬ˳  ڻʥڵʱϴ󣬶ĲܺǻҲ˲˶ϣϡ 
ЩͷʹʹĴɿתȻʧ˽ǧ֮ãϴʧʮҲ㲻ʲôˡ 
ڻڼȻûȥڿռǱЩ飬˳뾡취սʿرԼ˵ʵȵʱֻҪռȫ˳Լ㹻ʵʱ˼ɵȥκεطѰˡ 
彫Լ뷨˵Сѩûð취֮£Ҳͬ뷨 
ڰڿռȫˣҲͳһˣǻԸЩʲôأʵ 
ȴгĵϴвε涼ΪԸȻûʵϴԸȴΪһһЩ׼ 
׼ô׼ʵ 
ɫȣҪе˶֪ĴڣȻҪڵ֮ڸϵȨ͵λҪڲӰƽǰ£ƶһЩеĶɣڸнʵʩǿԲЩиսȴʱκһĶ̬ʱռ֣Ҳڵһʱ佫֮ҳ𣡡 
ڵ޲Իļƻͷ̹źͼλһЩϸڵ⣬׼ĻҲһһΪǽ֮ҲԼļƻ꾡˳ 
ȸʲôС¡˷ܵʵ 
ЦȻȻؽԺǿɲȫڶˡ 
Żһ£ʥƿռ䣬ֱӽ֮УӴƻҲʼʽ 
ߺЩԸռǿ߾Ȼ˳ģȫԼĵģħƴħˣ 
ʱһޱȵ֮ϣÿռһÿռҲռΪƵĿռ䣬ȴռж棬ֻڵһѣеǳ֣ÿһңԶǴھ̬ת 
Щ嶼ܾ޴󣬿ռв֪βĹߣÿκν䶼ųİ죬Ͳкҹ֡ 
ÿռĿĲΪĴѰ¾ΪռеĹ֮ 
˰ڿռ⣬κοռ֮жŰﲻ̫ӦĹڣһʵİԳסЩСİȴУǲйĻ棬Ҫı״ֻиı״аǶΰİڿռ䡣 
֮ԿԸı䰵ﲻӦߵȱݣֻҪȡŹ֮֮֮Ƕڿռڵʯ֮ڣԺɢڰڿռڵԶ΢ı仯ʹǿȻӦߣԺڰڿռڵҲӵӦ˼ɽ뵽ռ档 
ҲΪǰεռ䣬Ӵǹ֮ڰڿռ֮ʱЩԴϢл˰ڿռڵϢԲ뷨Ͷϡ 
Һħδÿռ䣬δӴĹ֮Բ֪Щ֮Ĺ֮԰ڿռҪԣȻƴˡ 
ǰ˵ÿռռΪƣʵָռġˡƣܴΡΪ淽ʽǶ๲֮ͬȫһĺơ 
֮Եռ֮󣬱㵽֮ϣΪҪõĹ֮Ϊռ󣬸оͷʹǷǳʹ˸ط˽š 
ֻ뵽ռеĹ֮ӦȴռǿĹ԰ļ˵ƺ˺ 
ħ𲻸ҵռҲûԭģҺռеĹҲ°ϢԲҵڿռȥħ鷳Ȼͷеһƴˡ 
ڵİȻǿ󣬵еùռУ޾ǰ˵Ĺء 
һɽĲݵ֮ϣʧȥ֪ڵİȫѹסҿЩػԪĻٴ˳ס壬Ȼ𣬱ˡ 
ڵİԭδʧȴѱȫѹƣЩγһĿǣڵİռеĹͻڵﵽһƽ⣬ƽⱣסͬʱҲʱ޷ʹκεǿһʱռϱһͨˡ 
ѹƵѻָԭò̬ʧȥ֧ŵսҲԶصռ֮УҺ滹СĺͶ̿㣬ҲҿײҪǿ֧ţȻһռ񣬿Ҫɵˡ 
֮ʱ۱һźĴԼ˫۲Զ 
ѽѽ 
ͬʱͷһͻȻһгġ 
һȴŴŵģڴ֮ѷ˺ü 
ԼһƤСϣ붼ûͶŴǰǽ䱸ŵӴʵ˭ʲôط 
ȻƤ˵㣬ȴ׿Ǹˣú׳ʵʵһ㶵ǱҴħצ¾ȻģӦŶԣ 
ֱʵʲôˣģ 
ˣ˭棬ôǲ˭أӴͷʹ 
ȻʲôҲǲˣҪһԼ˭ʱͷҵʹ 
ͷʹĿ죬õҲ죬ԼҲЩţĽͷҡ˼£ֺݺݵĴ˼£Ȼʹˡ 
˿ĹΪЩԼǲǾ˸׳ջ̲סֿʵ㵽˭ģ 
˻˼ٴȻĿʼ֮һͷʹҲ³ԼͷʹԭæǿԼȥ룬Ȼͷֲʹˡ 
˵˴ߴٵ 
֪Ҳܸɴࡣ 
Լ֪Լ˭СˣҲǣΪӴҾͲҴˣ˵Ҫ䡣 
Ȼ׳ʵͷȴЩ֮£һˡ 
붼ûʹҲǲ֪Լ˭ֻǼǲ˶ѣžͷʹ粻룬ʲôҲʣ֮Ҿ֣֪ 
ղȥ¶ͷʹԼȥκͷĻش 
˱ĻòᣬıֲڹˣŪֻϵùĵˣҲ˭ȻѾûˣǾ͸Ͽ߰ɣ 
߾ߣ˵űӴŸСĺͶ̿㳯ȥ 
ߵſڣͣתͷ˵ߵȥ 
۴еҹȥͻȥ߰ 
˵СôˣϾȻһӶûУ׶Ҳָҵľ֮ˣ棬СӸò˰ɣȻô·ˣҲ԰׳յˣϲǹˣ 
ӴͻȻһУˤſڡ 
Ȼܲ˳ۣˤ߹ȥǲͷʵôˣ 
ֻһС֮£Լ˭֪ͷͻȻʹûվˤȥˣش 
ڽ㣺òľ˸׳ջɣħˣôأ 
ţ¶˹ֵֹЦ⣬ͻȻֶʵʲôҲ֪ 
ԴҡôʲôҲ֪֪ܶµģֻ벻˶ѣ 
ס˵ĳ嶯ͷúãֻ֪ܶ࣬ǼǲҿҲûطȥסɣԼ˭סʲôطȻٻȥ㿴ô 
ȻĵͷҲôģû뵽˵ˡ 
ô˵ҲǸˣӦòСɣֶʵ 
ӴԴŸոտʼתͷʹ 
ӿʹ飬ҲЩ̣æˣˣҳһ²֪ˡ 
߳Сݺŷ֣濴ȥûʲôԿӾȻȫԭľɣǺʵޱȡ 
Сݵشɽ֮Ĺȵ֮ڣԶɿƬķᣬӦǸ䣬Ǹ֮һæţһ޴ԭľһš 
ָǰæµĳʵڸʲô 
ûлش⣬ȴߴٵȻٸ㣬죬ȸҹ 
ӽɽ֮ǰָŵһŲǺܴʯܲܰᶯ 
ʲô˼üͷһۣҲûԵȥʯ飬ͻһǴʯ˳ȥʯʱӦŶɣ顱һײɽ֮ϣ˼顣 
жˣڿǳ˫ţʯȻ󣬵ȻŽ߷˳ȥĽŻһ¶ûУܽʵ 
ȻʧȥʹǿܹͨģȻʧȥ˼䣬һЩܵжȴɴţĻὫһСʯ 
㡭㡭ָӲû˵ 
ɻĿʵôˣ 
Ӻݺݵҡ˼ԴȻתһЦݵĶҲǰһλ˲Ĵʦˣ㻹ǵʲôܴܲиң 
ǵˣĸɴ࣬ɲԼͷʹ 
ӵЦϣ漴Цмº㿴ô 
ʲô£ʵ 
˵ģɽħܵǴƻħȻҲǺҲͨܶԸģⲻڴһȦΧסħǡ 
˵ֳ˿鷳ľǴҪÿһ˼Ҷɳһȥæһ˿ɾֻһˣȻȥæΧҲûʲôҵʱģܳȥΧ 
ӵĿתЦ⣺ȥæҾͿԼˣ 
Ҳû˵ʲôֻǿ˿Сӣֿ˿ǰĴӺæµȺɻʵǸʲôΧȦɣΪʲôҪȥæأ 
ӿЦҲϲ˶ԾͰԼӽԶ˵㣬һǼӸˣҲȥæҿɲЩħǣҪһͷҾһͷʵħζҲ˵ֵ 
ǺðɣҰ㣡Ҳ֪ԼҪʲôȻԼסǰæҲûʲô˵ġ 
Ӽͬ⣬ʱϲĵǾͺãǾͺãˣôûûԶﻹаֻħ⣬ߣ㳢ҵĿգ˶һȥ 
𡢿⣬ļ䷢˴ 
ҵͷʹٻǰκڵԼǳãڼһƬհף֪ԼҪʲôҲ֪ԼøʲôԼԵһжֻ*ܵķӦˣζĲܡ



ʮ ֮

   ҵֽиףҿӦûҴɣԺԽҸ״磬㲻֪Լ⻹Ǹ鷳£øúʱáױ߿ħ⣬߶һԵ˵Ȼ˵ûҪ֪ʵĻŵð ҽͻȻ˵ 
һ㶣ĵղŻ˵ǵԼˣô𣿡 
ҲЩɻ󲻽ĵҸҪΪԼһʱ֣˭֪־ԼܳˣҲǰͽɣ 
ðɣҲҲùǰֻˡױϼЩϣ˵ 
ڿˣۣ㣬ȳһ飡óһСһݸ 
߳ԱţĲٶҲӿһЩ 
Щվȳţȥõ㶫˵ű㳯Сȥ 
׸ٴδڳʱһƺһ˷֮⣬ѱÿյĿܣʱסˡ 
׸첽˹ȥʵأ 
ˣȻĵ 
һ˳˰ֻħ⣿׸ԲԸĻʵǰҲֻϵùˣԼҰˡ 
һԼ·Ȼ˴һָ˵ͷ֮ǰ峤ˣˣ 
峤Цˣ֪һ죬Ҫ˵Ļ 
ָٺЦʱ䰡ѿΪҴͣҲС˷ݵĻû⡣ 
峤ɻĿȻˣǴĿˣôÿ˰ɻأ 
ȴ޼ҿɹ飬ҼһԱˣҼҾʲôԵ𣿡 
峤æֳָҲֻۣҪ˸ɻУ㿪ڵǺðɣˣʲô  
׼峤ͬ⣬æ峤ʲô¾ܷԸȥˣڻںһ˶ħ⣬ıš 
վһһԲʵҲûʲôҪ˵ 
˵˵ͷһæµе˽еϣ 
ǽϣе˿첽˹ʵʲô°峤˵İˡ 
峤ָλ״ģĸͷǲ࣬ͷֵɣ㰲˺һȥ̧ԭľ 
ϣҲû໰㳯Ŵȥ 
׼㶨ԼСݴأڰ·֮ϣ˴ڴľ֮ڰЦСڳͷˣ 
͸ɺüһ̧ĴֳԭľȴɢĳŴӵĹȥѹЩ˻ᾪˡ 
ʱӢ۰ĳϣһĻܿ챻һ˸ˣȴûͣȴԭľһһ鷳ʼÿĸöٶ˵ûʲôֻҪС 
Ĵ峤ʼ°˵Ĺеԭľһ̧ǰ̧ԭľȥľΧ 
̧ԭľҲ֮£±һ˸µ˱˼ΧĽҲʱ˼ 
Щ֮Ծɸϲ̧ԭľٶȣڽƻĴ峤£ʼͷ˷ľҪϰĴȴͷ͸㶨ˣҪǸͷ̫С㶨һŴҲֻҪһ¶ѡ 
¿ɺãһ˽̧ԭľ¶ʮʱõΧȴ󣬲һʱȫ㶨 
ûҹȴһԼļʱ׼һĽӴӸ˶֪ʧȥǰ֮£ͬʱҲԿ϶һƽˡ 
Χú󣬴һд˶μӵտᣬȻҲӵΧһڽҲеǳԾ֪ⶼ֮ʣĿҲЩĵĳݡ 
տϣһ˳ԾˣտֶΪԼգȻ߲ܣ˾ĿУһٸɵϰ꿾⣬Ķȴ˿ǰҲûʲô 
˵ٶĶҲһЩʳڱͼٵɷݱȻգЩ֮ҲԶķֽɿռϸ΢ʣɢ⡣ 
ҲԼкܴĲ𣬵ָоȻ֮£֮ 
峤һĳĵҲͿˣֵһƽˣȻģҲӦøһʧȥļ䣬ɣҲҲòƽ 
Ҳ뷨ȴЩãȻĵҲ֪ôܰһؼ䰡 
峤ЦƫƧСﵱȻܣԴĴȥҲһЩʶˣʶ֮£Сӣֻлصĵطһؼ䣡 
ʱ˴峤˼˷ܵĵãҾʹϱȥ˳ʵߴ½룡 
׽峤뷨˵˺ҲͬΪҲһԼļ䣬ûл䣬ûĿĵʵڲζ 
ڶգױһ·ˣӴӻصСݺ󣬸׶˵໰ҲԸ׶˺ܶ˽⡣ 
ԭ׵ĸĸǼӸߣһʿĳɾҲǸ״С׷Ŀ꣬Ľ̵£״СѧϰŽ 
ڸʮ꣬Ϊ˳ȥһͷ߼ħ޶ˣֻ˸һˣʱĸȫԶڷܵҪɱԾ̾ɽڵͷħΪױ 
ڸ׶ʮ꣬ɹɱħޣȴδֹͣԼĿΪʱµ룬ҪΪһʦʥʿҪԼƮߴ½֮ϡ 
廹ǷǳƫƧ״˽һ·ŵһдСһ·֮ϸ׵ûôͣҲĿжߴ½˺ܴ˽⣬ȻЩ̫Ȥ֮ЩӸϢԱһֲ©ļڡ 
״Сת˼ȦָͣһЩдԵǷԴӡ󣬲ȴֹۡ 
СϳԹһ㶫󣬸ױǴȥСʮרЩСĴͨСģǸĴͨߴ½ǡǣ 
תҪһЩľʯά֣ͨеķҲͣ޷֧ͷѵˣѡʽĵطлʣ޳ 
⴫ͨзȻͣԸ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôɱħ޲ħҲ˲߱ҡ 
һ˲䣬һ˶ݵĻ֮УȴûУһֱŸ߶ȵѣҲ˽⴫͵ȫ̡ 
󣬱㿪һռ֮ţеĸҲ뵽һռ֮У־ֹռĴУһϤĸоָоȴ൱ĤҲԸðͷʹȥϸ˼Ϥ 
绯ʯվԼԣȫ֪ĸףھЩ֣ӸôͨеԶе 
Ӧ߽Ȼͷһѣ֮󣬱ɵĿĵصģôȫԵĸױϢȫޣԼֵзУôء 
ãڵ˾ͷ״һð˳Ҳһ˲ת˹Цôɣһգ۾͵ˣ 
ЩЦã˵һգۣ˵ȴǿû˵ԼڴʱľΪֱԼԭ뽫֮˵ 
߳󣬸׿ǰΰĳź͸߸ߵĳǽ˷ܺͼ֮ɫôΰıǣ˵ĽҲ֪ǲģ 
Ŀһ۸ߴĳ¥ȻЩ˵Щİȴʲô֮ΪһжԵô΢ 
Ǻ۹һֱĴҿĸ׵ȥ 
׻عЦȻȥ߽Ժôǰһ˲ĽʿҲڽԺϳ 
ÿɷЦЦڰԸ˰ɣ 
ʱ̧ͷϿշɹ֮ˣֵûţôЩʦʹħʦǲֵǮһ㣬춼ǣ 
ͷϷɹˣҲˣûʲôֵĵط׵ʵǷڿУﲻ𣿡 
һ㶣ʧʲôҲ֪æ͵һʿﵽ˴ʦ𣬲óԾȥħʦҪħʦϵĲ÷ϵħеķɵУǰҲαǣЩӦǺѵüŶԣôô෢ߴ½ĸֶ˱һ㡣 
òⱬʲôҪɣڵ 
˭֪˺ȴһԴ԰Ҿ˵ô˶һʲôҪˣ˵ǻܸⳡ֣ 
߽Ժ߳Ų̫Զûж͸׶˱ѵ˽Ժ֮⣬ŴӴŴĽԺѧӣĽĵҸʱݺûͨԺԣҶº󣬱ҲҲҪȥѧԺѧϰȻҿҲѧԺѧˣ 
߽Ժѧϰ𣿡ʵ 
˷ܵĵȻ˭֪ѧԺлѧȫ½ĽѧԺʦĽ̵¶ǿȻҸ׽ҵĽҲﻹѧõĽ 
漴ȻҵĸףҲΪѡȻ֪ѡǴģ 
˵׿Լ¶ǽȥһʦʱҸһðգǺֵܣһǵģôǿ߽ܿԺѧϰ˵ʦһ۾ϳˣԵúֹۡ 
Цû˵ʲôŸһ𳯽Ժȥ 
ڽ֮ʱ˱סǵӦǽԺŵģ´͸ףȻʵǲǱԺѧȥʲôͼ 
üͷڶ˵̬ȺǲȴȻæ͵λãһʦģǽȥɣ 
ŵļ׺϶ʦʶˣĵЦʦʶˣÿˮ˶ȥӹҵ˫ۣߣٲҿҪָˣ 
׻ʲôһԵѴŭĶԸ׵ǽȥɣ˵űѳȥ 
ڱ˵ˣҲŵģ󲽸ѧԺȥ 
ŵûϵǸӲһŴ֪СӣȻҵ߽Ժˣã˵׷ǰȥץס׵ĺ죬ҪԳȥ 
ڹ˼ɣﶯ֣׵Ѻתʵô 
ŵĶԸ׿ҲеЩ⣬ôҲŴʿְƣһСҲץסﻹҵסûκηӦͻȻ˳ȥ 
ԭŭͷŵĸ˳ȥٶȺܿ죬Ը׺ǸŵĶӦ 
ĽԺѧӼ˵ңˣΧʱڸսż֮һΧϺҲԺ 
γĽҪսһͷߵǰ



ʮһ ߽Ժ

   ûκζһԱһĸѺɣӮ˵Ȼ鵽زҲȥˣҲʶһ½Ժѧʲô졣 ˵䣬ȡ±ϱ಼ŵĺ 
ǸͷӦսҲ˷Լĳȵãɣ˵ѻӽ 
Ǵͷӳһ˲䣬֪ԼӮˣΪԷʵԼ̫࣡ 
ѽ׷һ̶ĴȣþȫһȥҪһ 
Ȼһ㣬Ǵͷĳһķ˳ȥͷʹд˼ѪѵĻڴ˳ϵȥ 
ͷһȻ֮ɫΧҲǴ󾪲ѣǿɶǸԺõ⽣ԺĽѧˮƽٸߣǴСĸ׶֣ 
ûսԺѧӱһܣ˷ܵĴ 
һԵĿһУ֪ΪʲôܾЩСӵϷ 
֪ߵغСӣͻȻȺ⴫һȣһӢ˴ͷԾ˽ȵڸ֮ǰ 
˹ѧ˹ѧ˹ѧѵСӣΧ˴ƬŮӵļУСͲ֪ʵôˣ 
ɣ˭ѵ˭׸о˹ܿɣ˼ֻӵ˷ܡ 
˹Ҳһ󣬱ȳ׹ʱսһţ˫ȻϴΧЩΪ˹һʱ⽣Ժſֳһš 
е˶ֶȫרעڱȶ֮УΧ򿴵֣ǶûעϿ˼ˣҲڿŶ˵ıȶͬʱҲעվһԵ 
ͷмעԼԴ˿⣬Ȥųڶ˵ıȶ 
ĿڳļԲǸ˹Ǹ˹ȴֲǿԶ˲Ŵ˸൱ 
ڵĸԽԽģʵԵȵıȶҲĽڲ֪нţʼվסϷ硣 
෴˹ȴԽԽĸһСҲԼƽ֣ӮԼΧΪ͵ԽԽ٣оΧЩѧܡѧõĿڳЦԼ 
ļ֮µķ˹ԼƣʼӲӲƴҲעսܵˡ 
ͷϣһͷһ˵˹̫ˣ̫࣬ϣεʧȡѵ 
æͷԺ˵ǣ˹ѧԱеĽӣȷǺ㣬Ҳ˸߸ϵĽԣյıȶ˵ֻкôûлġ 
˵ɻĵ˹ȶ˲֪Ǵģôȴû뵽꼶˵ܽԺѧϰԺ󶨻ǰ; 
㿴Ǹͷ𣿡ͷûӦ˵Ļȴʵ 
˿ͷע⵽ˣֲܾ֣֪һͨ˶ѡ 
ͷȴҡͷ֣Ϊ㿴͸Ҫ˵㣬Ҳ͸ֻ֪˺ǿҲûİսʤ 
˴󾪣ôܣԺߴ½ߴʥ֮һ˾㿪ʼѧϰҲܽסһаʽôᲢأ 
ͷҲԻ󲻽⣬Ҹղ˵Ķҵֱ 
׺ͷ˹ıȶ˽Է˹״һڵضա 
Ůӷɿܵ˹߽вͣ˵˹ѧû°ɣŮˮ 
˹˿ἸŮӵĹģƿԼŮƵĴǶڿЦǰɣҲҪʵģ 
ŷ˹˴ֱĶԴЩƯŮӣֳ˷ŭ֮ɫȥѵһСӣΧЩԺѧҲ¶˼ʺͲ֮ɫ 
ˣ˹ǼǷԺ˵˷˹ԣȵ 
ʦԺԺôˣ˹Ծĵ 
ΧЩԺѧҲǷǳԾ⽣ԺԺǺ¶棬˿ѧʱ⣬ҲǵڶΣû뵽صԺͻȻ֡ 
׼ǰⲻ۵ͷȻǽԺԺڼѣ˵߽ԺԺʥʿû뵽Լܹˣ˷ܰ 
ױͻȻֵĽԺԺСſʼԺһͬˣַһϤӰ 
׿첽ߵһǰĵʦ㻹ǵ𣿡 
ǰ֮ЩϤ֮Уһʱ벻ֻÿʵǣ 
˷ܵĵʦǸװĶӣСʱ㻹棬̹ҽģ 
ϲĵСףѾôˣṆ̀ô᲻ѧԺѧϰأ뵽 
Ǹ𣿡ԺͻȻ˹Իʵ 
æ⺢ʹˣҼڷܵˣѾôˣû뵽*ѧܴﵽյĳɾͣѵðѧԺѧϰĳɾͻߣ 
ڸǼվԼǰ˿ʥʿȻԼ£ 
ԺԺãЩ͵ʺõ 
Ժ΢Цŵ˵ͷָ𵽸Եʵλ𣿡ԭĿĻ 
ǵģ˷ܵĵ 
Ժͻ΢΢˵ͷǾվڸߣȫûж˵˼ 
ԺȴԴ˺⣬͸޵ˣˣ˵Ҹʦģʲôµȥ˵ɣԭ֪˵ˡ 
Ժͻ˵ѧԺһڽӴĴڣºԺȿڶԸ׵㸸׵ѧԺ£˵ˣҴѧԺĸױʾǸ⣬Ը⣬ʱѧԺѧϰѧԺʱЩϵ© 
֪ǸһʹԺǸҲȻĽˣȻһʥʥԼǸеЩ 
˸ףʲô𣿡һԵĻ￪ʵ 
׵˴ʱ£æԼ˵˻Ժ 
Ժͻ˵󣬶ǳ⣬Ժɻʵʧȥǰļ䣿 
ĵǵģ벻ǰκˣҼԺʦϣϳ 
ԺҡͷˣҿԿ϶㲻ǽԺѧӣοǵһε߽Ժ 
ϵʧ֮ɫԺֵǰӦһʵǿĽʿ˽һȶҿԴп 
ϣ֮ɫ漴ֿյĵǰǲǽʿҿɲ֪ȴὣ 
ԺЦߵıǲҪģֻҪжִڣܵķӦ 
ɣԺ˵ҲʱǷԸ⣬ȥ 
͸һۺҲ˳ȥ 
վһ䳡ϣԺЦŶҪȻȺ͸ױȶһɣ 
һԵĸѴ಻УҺûʲôñȵģһȥɾҪҵʲôñȵģĿֲʡ 
Ŷܴ𣿡Ժɻĵ 
Ϊ˱ȶæǵȻԺ˼ҿûҲܽһʯ߷ˣҪýǻˣ֮ǲȶġ 
Ժ˼һɣ 
ִСֵĵôУʥʿôҲ˵ΪͲ֪ǰʲô 
һȴЩͷɴĵǺðɣףĽһã 
ԺһѳվЦɣǿңϺ⣬ȴȫ䱸ţΪֱУһʥʿϵĶ֡ 
Ҳ𻰣ĳǰһ󲽣Ȼһȥ⽣ûöΪоԼӦöǰ֮ʹȫ 
ԺȴھޱȣһȻôʵ˲ѵǰǽǲ쵽޷˼壬һķλͽǶȣԺİأǻȻɵһ 
Ժھ֮æӽȥͬʱѳˣΪûĿԵ⽣ 
һ죬ĽбϣȥĽ㳯б·ȥ˲δüӲʯɵĵذ֮УȫʧȥټֻһССĺڷ죡 
ϺסΣջеĶϽûаֳ֮У 
ķԺޱȵĿûʹýղһȫ 
ʲôɻʵ 
ԺԼ˷֮ɫоԼ˴˵еġ 
ǽʿﵽһȻγɵһһʵǿĽʿý֮ʱὫԼĽڽϣʵ̫󣬲Ȼѻֽ۶ϵ顣Ժ͵ 
ԺԻ˿ûвͷ֮⣬ֽŽ͵ﵽһ̶ȵĽʿԽ֮͸Լ֮ȥЧħƣͨħܱȣԺ½͵Ļ˵űһ˳ȥ 
һε˺ѿġ֨֨Զһɽȥ 
ڡ䡱һɽѱʯ顣 
Ժս˵ֻǸ㿴һ½÷ѣϣʲôղֻó˲ٷ֮һȫʩΪʥħʿʩħ࿹֮в޵⡣ 
ͻȻ˫ֱͷʹŶȥƬ̼վֿ֮ɫ 
ôˣԺĵʵ 
ԺҪȶԻ͸˳ԶֱҲûҹ 
Цûʲôһǰ֮£ͷʹѣ 
Ժһʵֿڼǲʹ÷Ҳ޷ýȶҪȻǿֱȶһԣҵûôǿᣬһ𽥼ǿֱܳܵ޶ȣ 
ͷѵȻʲôұĲСҲ֪ÿƵʲô̶ȣǽҸûʲô㻹Сһ㣡 
Ժٴδ󾪣ǽûʲô֮ϵ˷֮ɫҲʢˣλʥʿûʲôȶûжֵζܰҲѹǿ˷ˡ 
Ժһʼ㽫Լõңȭͷڻ֮ʱ֮ȴǾԼƮƮһȭԺȭͷӭ˹ȥ 
顱һ죬ȭͷײһ 
ȻԺѽԼĽȭͷ֮˫ȭײ֮ʱǿĽ֮Ȼ˲٣͸׶˼ѱƵ䳡ıԵ֮ 
һȭ·ѱƬֻʣСĺͶ̿㣬Դ˺⣬һȭԺȥ 
ڵһȭ֮£ԺǴ󾪲ѣɽȭͷȻӲʹһȭæּһӭȥ 
һʱ䣬ϡ顭顭ȼı



ʮ ˫ͷħ

   ԺһǱȶʱľҲԽԽǿȻ䳡ıԵţѲ֪㵽ȥˡ 䳡ϵļɽܻ͹Ķ߻٣䳡ΧķҲǿҵţʱ̤ܿ 
ǸӦߵĳ򶷣½һˣЩ˴඼ֻԶԶĿֻ֣˷䵽䳡ıԵ 
һС󣬻Ҳװ㲻֪㵽ȥˣվ䳡ԵΧ۵аˣ䳡ĵľԿʵǳ֮ľȻһħʦһȻ⻪ħܣȵվΧ֮˵ǰ档 
ЩֵܵҲУǿųбȶĶ˶Ĳ𾪣ԺԺǶϳǸʥʿӲƴ˿·İ˭أѵߴ½ϻͻȻ˸ʥʿɣ֪ȫƾڴ򣬶һûȫ֪ǵ°ͻ᲻ 
ЩΧ֮˶Էýħ籣ΧķݣΪʥʿ£ǿɲʲôԿ¡ 
ִ֮ԺͻȻ˳Զͣ 
ҲͣºԺŲŴŴߵеǰСʵҿȫ˼ 
ΧˣҲСشûô 
ԺԺ˹ȥ 
ԺǿѹڵĲƽ⣬ͻȻϺ䳡Եֵ˵λһ°ɣԺЩСҪλæ 
Ӧ˹ԺΧм䣬˵Ŀ⼸ϣ뿴ֻ̿ļһǺηʥ 
˼𣿡Ժָʵ 
ҲϣĿΧ֮ˣϣܽԼϳ֪ԼĹȥ 
Զôʶأ˵ֵǹڵļ֣ܽһϳ 
ϳԺʧĽЩ˶ɢȥˣ͸ʱл˶Ѻ˹ 
ֵۣܣȻԺ˴ƽ֣׷ǳ˷ܣû뵽ԼȻôһֲǿߡ 
Щʧҡҡͷû 
һԵԺȴͬ˷ܵĵֵܵʵԶ֮ϣû´ĻӦǴ˵еʿ֪ô 
ʿײ˳δʣоϺʥʿǿ 
Ժ͵˵һЩʿʵﵽǱǿõЩǵ伮ϼصģδ˵üǴ˵еʿ벻ֵݣ 
ԺݵĲ²⾪ֲ֮࣬ʵղô˿ɶǸֵ֣ǸʲôʿҲҪŵǰɣôô˾û˼أ 
Ժ͵粢˽ǰСߴ½֮⻹кü½伮ϼأǺԶĵطЩҲһŴ½ͺ󣬵伮ϻЩϵ߱ǿܶ࣬洦ɼʿ 
²ֹףҲǵһ˵Щ£ͬʱҲԻ󣬸̲סЩǵ伮ϼصİ˭֪ǲģ˵ģϵҲܵɣ 
Ժ˵һʿħʦʵﵽһ̶Ⱥڸ֮䣬ʵǰɣʦʦǴһǿĽʿҵʦ˵ʵԼļ粢ʲôʵҲûﵽʿˮƽ 
»͸׶ˣԺĻûɻɣͬʱڶЩֱ鲼˻롣 
˵пǴģʵ 
ԺͷղҲˣЩֶĸ½ȻǿʵҲûʶ㣬ܿĲˣ 
ˣЩ½ĸǸʲôһʳڵ⡣ 
ǻԺͻȻиҪһŹʯЩ½ĸҲǱŹʯģ 
ʯʲôõģͻȻⶫԼЩҪɻĿʵ 
æ͵˵ƹάĹ֮ʯǹ֮ڵľѵĲƬɣȻ֮ͨ˵ȴħʦǽʿİºܿøǿ 
ҪôܵõŹʯѾҪõŹʯʯпܻһһЩʧȥļ䡣 
ԺϿʲôɫҪõʯֻһȥᣬһȥμӾģ¹ʯΪѣҪʯĻһиֵΧȻǿҪڶֺʱֵܳʥʿʥħʿֵĻСҪ¹ʯĻͱְ߱ңҪУôʱҲѳＯô߱ң 
һݣͻȻ˫һĵһ취Կٻ߱ң 
ʲô취ʵ 
׵ĵҵ߱ôʵôǿȥɱ߼ħޣȻħȥ߱ң 
˵ֿɫĵħ࣬Ҫ࣬ҵȼߵģħɭֲɣħɭ·;ңԶûдԵȥɱħ޿ˡ 
Ÿ׺޷ӣԺ˼һῪ˵ֵľȥħɭ֣Ҳҿɸ취 
ʲô취ʵ޷뵽׬Ǯķȥʯģ취Ȼ 
ԺʥħѧԺԺҵѣҳһħɭֵħҲܾģһħ;Ǵţ֮Ҳرǡ 
ллԺ˵ϵĸл֮ԣΪԽԽǹʯԼҪ 
ԺЦÿˣҲϣֵջظ䣬ʱ˵ЩҪֵæأԭ˽ĵġ 
ˬĵܽǹʯظ䣬ԺĻʱزƳԺκ󣡡 
Ժϲãߺһϵչħ˵ˣֵܵʵػضģ 
ʱ䱦Ժ͸׶ȥħѧԺħѧԺԺ˵⣬˫˽֮º󣬹ȻӦ˰æʥħʿˮƽȻһ㣬ûѽ͸׶Ūħɭ֮⡭ 
ħɭֶӡסˣħԶҲ޷ܳȻ´ˣȴɵĳ룬ħ޷ΪܶȼԽɭ룬ħ޵ĵȼҲԽߡСһ㣬Ҫ̫ˣɭһЩħʥʿʥħʿҲ޷սʤģʵɱ˼ҵħӦò⣬ɭҿɲҽȥҾˣҪСĵ㣡ħɭ֮⣬׶˵Լħɭֵ˽⡣ 
Ÿϸ˵˸ֵȼħ޵ΣԼɱħ޺ȡħ˵ķ 
ϸļ¸˵֮º󣬱㱳һƷһѴԺıħɭȥ 
ɭֺ󣬱ӳȥʱŵһη֣ԼܶȻǳ֮죬ϰ֮ʱҲǳݣЩǳԱܡ 
˿ûȥһ·֮ϵڶͼħޣһֱƾֱжһ·֮ϵħ޶ԼвԣԼֱǳţҪƾֱԼɱģǿħޣ̵ֻʱڣȡø࣬ȼߵħˡ 
֪УܵɭֵĴͣǰԶһЩɻո˵ǰӦħɭУΨһһͷʮħޣ˫ͷħĵ̣׻˵˫ͷħħɭеߣǷ˿սʤġ 
ֵǣԸоֵΣϢѵԼѵɱ˫ͷħĵز 
𣡡һͻȻӺϴ漴һͷ޴ĺɫħˮ棬ɵ֮С 
ȻߵҼǿ࣬඼ǿɶģҰ˺Ƭ𡭡ħȻ˵˻ 
˫ͷħһ峯ٷӴλδһʮ׵İɫѳ˹ 
ڿɲɣоϮ壬æɿĳһܿܵĹ죬ǰ׵ҲǿףȻԼδ̫ܵմӽԺԺ·ʱֱˡ 
ŸͣΣһ޴β˦ǰοûܣǾ޴βһȭȥ 
ȭͷֻ֮ûֱ۶ݽ˼Ӳޱȵ֮Уβһ˦֮δͣ£β֮ϡ 
𣡡ħһʹֳɵ˿У˦β뽫׳ȥ 
ݺݵıβϵۼףĳͷķȥɷǳԼȭͷȻ׵֮УӴޱȵħ˵뱻һûʲô̫ҪħͷҪλһ 
еıѲڣΪڵһýħʱеıѳϣǱȻԶħۼüӲ 
ħû뵽ȻܶԼ˺ʱβϣ˦˰Ҳ޷˦Ѻ󣬿ʼԼβɻ桢ɽʯʹ뽫ײ뵽Ľʵ̶ȿֱۼǿķʽܶ˺ 
Ҳ㣬һлɿĳħͷܿĲ֮ѡһȥ 
ħĿ췢ˣΪû취ֹû취ԼϸŪÿһȭɶ̰˺Ļ֮ϣβһۣΪΪԼܸȵץħϣÿһζǽԼֲ뵽ħۼ֮ڣ 
ɶ࣬㵽ʲôһʿʹҵľħҲо˺¡ 
ħ߸ߵķȻݺݵײڵ֮ϣɱһ㣬ֻ㽫˦ѣԲҲϧųʵǸ̶̶ԼҲЩ޷ܵǿˮѹͱĺŪȴȻûаãȻٶȲĳһͷš 
㵽ҪôŹҰɣˣħ޳ˣ֪ȥǸҲڵԼԴȥʱﻹܱ 
˵ɣҪʲôſϷŹңħȫſں 
ħԻҲЩ棬߿ڵҪħˣϸңҾͷŹ㣬ҲʡԼȥˣ 
ħ۴аҪʧȥħˣʱһͷ弶ħҲˣôɰôħޣΪʲôǵҪأ 
ħȤ˵ҪħħǮ߼ħޣħһüǮҲ˭ 
ħ۴ҵħ˿Ƿͬһ㣬ͨõģȡȥҲû˻ģЩͼħʵڣɣһٿʮϵħ˺㻻ԼħôͷħѾɾˣȻʲô֪ 
ħôһ˵Ҳ˸˵Ļħ˵ĵȼԽ߶ʹߵҪҲԽߣһħʦʹ弶ҵħˣʮҵħ˾ֻʥħʿʹˡ 
Ҳԣߴ½֮ϵʥħʿҲôλʮһħóȥҲһʮħ˭أͷħĻϤޱȣԼͼħҲԼҲʡ¶ˡ 
ձ㿪ڶħðɣҲʧȥħ˶䱻Щͼħ۸͸ͼħ˻Լħ˰ɣˣ 
ħȻͬ飬ϲվû⣬㿪۰ɣ 
˼;żħÿһǧţʮħٿţʮһħһٿţʮħʮţܰ쵽ɣ 
ħһµĶû⣬ħɭʮħҲͼʮͷҪɱʮͷǲǾ𣿡 
£ʮħ˼ٵʮźˣ¸û˰ɣһ֮ڸҸ㶨ɭ㣬Ҿ㣬ǧˣУܲȥʱԻ鷳 
û⣬˰ɣħʧԭеſ֮⡣ 
ڿʮ㣬ɲͷħˣħĲ 
Ȼħûٶֳ⣬ָԼķħߵɭ㣬ҹħ˺㵽ɭֵıԵһһģ 
ħ˵һʱҾͲˣ˵ѳ𡭡




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ʮ
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   صħɭ֮ʱ䱸ĿܶħɭֵĽ֮⣬Ͼħ޾ۼıԵ֮Ҳҷĵ˯ ֣Ŷʱ䰡Ȼȥò֪Ѷ˰ɣ 
ֵܣǣæʵ 
ЦЦѾҵһ֣պҪħ͹ģ 
֣ѵɭɱħޣʶǣҲὫԼðΣջõħ͸㰡˵⡭׸Իˡ 
Ļͱˣߣȥץͷħտտ治 
Ȼʮ㣬Ҳ˵ʲôǱĹܡ 
ɣҽȥͷħ޳ħ޿ַ࣬˫׳˵ٴν˽֮С 
ľĶδ룬ͻȻһ޴ĺӰ 
䣡һȻڸ׾ĿеԲԶ 
Ȼ֮ʱ׸оԼµغݺݵһ£ 
ǹģ붼ûȾܣŸѳǰסȥ·Цʵʲô 
űᡱסļ򣬴󼱵ĵħܳˣʮƻްȥסҵǰ濴ûħޣ˵Ҫܡ 
Цֻҵտģˣų 
׷ɿתͷȥƻһۣĴˣֵۣܣֲ̫ˣȻôɱͷʮħտ˵ȥһûţ 
ԭתͷһʱ峬ĻħſһʺѪҺѴƻ޵Ŀڱ˳Ⱦ˺ôһƬݵأ 
ЩЦЦڴߴٵŸʲôⰡ 
˷ܵȥѰľˣڴźţƻްʥʿҲֻܵʮħްҸ׾ȻҪտҾҪԵʮħ޵ˣҸҲǹҫ氡 
ܿױѶѺľģһ޴տܣտȻ޴󣬵ƻ޵ԵСޱȣһǿֻܿѾˣ 
óһѶ̵˷ܲѵܵ׻ʬԣҪжһ黢׺ݺݵһƻ޵Ĵ֮ϣ 
ž죬һǶ̵ڻƤֲ֮ö죬һǶ̵ͱ۶ϵ 
ȻΪʮħޣƤôӲ治ֵ֪ôģ˷ܵСˣƤôӲǸôأƻ޾ͷԼǰȴԲɣҪһˡ 
Ц˹ȥɣ 
˫ֱַץסƻһƤȻ͵һ˺ 
ƻϵƤ˺ӣپ˺ϵƤѾȫֳһѪܵ⣡š˼£ֻȸӲ 
ĿɿڴĿĶԻѵ뵽⻹˵ѵֵ񣿵ôʧȥأôǵĴء 
ȥʼտɣհƤӦҲϴˣĻ״ӳ˼л˹ 
˷ܵĿԼ廹ȣտԣǼ׼õģѰƤϣȻóԼĳʼи 
ƻ޵ƤȻӲ̬ĵزȴҲֻǽʵѣûѶĹк˼⣬տϿʼ 
ΪҰ֮ʱԿ⣬׾ȻЯһЩϣûÿζѾ˳һԵĲݵĵĿգҲ֪Щʲô 
ۣʮħ޵ǲͬֵܣѾԳˣױ߿һ⣬߶е 
ĳ⣬ΪЩʧҲ̸ʲôӣֻƷһζѡ 
ûԶٱҲԲȥˣֻܸ𿾣ԣӿʼ⵽ⱻʱ䲢̣Ǳ߿߳Եʱȴȥã 
ƻȿ챻֮ʱħɭֵĽ֮ͻȻԶĴ߿֮Ʒɳ֮죬ת˲ѵ˽ıԵ֮ 
׿һǷ֮ٴȱܣȫĽ֮ͣڿţ˫ͷħɭڵߣûսʤĶħޣѽΪʲôֻȰҪܶ༸һܵÿЩŻ˵Ѿ˾˫ͷħҲܷɳģ 
ҲܳԶĸףԼ˽ڣ 
Ҫħˣ˫ͷħһƤŵħӵǰ 
Ƥһ󣬽֮˼ͷ֮ϣȻ˫ͷħллˣһŽЩħȥǮټħ֣ 
ҪǧҪټ˫ͷħֵĴ漴ѳɭȥ 
ħ˺ܿڲԶһСӹҵ˶ĸס 
˵ħѾߺ󣬸ײŴӺӹ˳ħɭǱ߿ȥȻħˡ 
εЦٺ٣ҸŻˣȻɭ⻹н磡 
棬㱳ʲô׷ŵһʵ 
ЦһǧŰ˼ϵħˣһħ˻ģôɣ 
һʲôħܻǧŰ˼ϵħ˰״󾪵ʵ 
ĵȻ˫ͷħħˣЩħҲģħҽԼħˣ 
ղ˵ڰɱħޣָʮ˫ͷħȻƷħ׿Ҫιȥˣǰڿǰ˾Ųʮˣ˫ͷħƷġ 
߰ɣǸûȥˣҪ߱Щħ˫ͷħģ˵ 
һ͸׶ħ;ص˱ǵħѧԺڡ˲δͣʮħ˸ħѧԺԺ󣬱ֱӵԺԺȥˡ 
ԺԺȻϵ֮ܿԸ㵽ܶ߼ħ޵ħˣȴҲûൽôףħ˵ȼ֮ߣȥʱ֮ϸеĸоôħˣںȥʯ飬ҲҪϰɣ 
͸ȥħɭֵİʱڣԺͻϵ㹻ʵħңڿħ˺ˡ 
˾żħ˻һЩʵˣٿʮħȴܳԵʮһʮľ͸˵ˣȥҲû 
Щʮһʮħ˻Щûð˷ǵĵĵ 
һ˵ԺԺͻȻ۾һ԰ǿȥҹЩ߼ħ˲ֻʵ£Ҳֻá 
ʥϵħʦȻʮħˣЩĵ 
Ժ˷ܵĽ͵һһʥʿȻҲòħˣȴԽ߼ħõط 
Ŷѵħ˳˰ħʦԼħ⣬б;ʵ 
ԺȻħ˳Щ䱾Ĺ⣬ǿħħԽõħ֮ϡʵÿжԼػ磬ƽٿս֮ʱȴ˸߼ħˣЩֿסǿħֻдеĳǷʮһʮħˡ 
òҪ˶߼ħ˵¸߱ˣȻһһЩ̰֮˵ӣȻֵܵǿʵκˣΪԼٵħǺõİɣԺѵ 
ԺĻЩĵЩħ˲ǶҪֹ֪£ 
ԺЦδħʵ̫ˣҪȫֻ꣬ҪСһ֣õĽұ㹻㾺Ĺʯˡ 
ϲˣһЩħ˲أɣЩħ˾鷳ԺˣֻҪ㹻ʯĽңʣµЩħԼɣ 
ԺڴϲȴôУЩħ˿ֵƴģɣȥ취ΪＯ㹻Ľң£ָ˵ɣ 
ֻоǹʯԼҪͲôˣ˵ͷԺ˾鷳ԺˣǾԺ 
ֵܣʯĿ԰ָ𣿡Ժߺ󣬸׶ʵ 
ҡҡͷЦֻǸоǹʯҺҪǲܹһָҲֻеõ˹ʯ֪ 
ײԴ˵ģֵ֪һһ˲ĽʿָһҪһЩܵõָ㣬ҳΪʥʿ룬ҲͲǻˡڻء 
ԸҲĴмȻ֪ԼǰʲôˣԼ˵Ĳ֪ͬ 
ȻʧȥǸתԴûȫоԼʵӦǳԴĴڡ 
Ը׿϶ĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô㳯ԺΪ׼ȥ 
ûãԺѻص˽Ժ˷ܵĶ˵ֵܣһϢ˵ºֱʮʮʮʮһħˣһԸһŹʯȡʮħˣҪ㣡 
һϲִʵйʯһԭһȡħˣ 
Ժͷһ֮һʥʿӵһŹʯҲΪ档ʯȻϡ٣˻ùʮħҲʲôˣһŹʯ㻻ȡʮħˣԿģ 
ԺǴһЩħԸֱ㽻ģΪַҪأԴЩ⡣ 
ԺЦڱڳһλɱʮͷʮħ޵ߣȻҪ˳Ҳ˵ 
ͷðɣȥĶҪҾֻǿŹʯҲȥʡˣ 
ǵǿиڳȴǾɭϣһӶɸ߼ʿɵѲ߾ͣ⻷нֵѲߣŴ䱸עÿһߵ֮ˡ 
ԺԺڱųȻĵλ뱬ֵܰѹϵİ˽δѯʣʺúһ羴Ŀ˽ڡ 
Ժ͸ףδֱȥֱӳźĹȥ 
ڵÿһȻǾĵƣÿһͬĸоϻĻࡣ 
ԺЩɫͽû̫ĸоȴЩ˿Ȥȴͬ˷ܣ쳣Լһ֮ܽڣԼߴ½Ĺ 
һ֮˲٣ȴûκ˶һ˽ѯʣſڵһ㣬Ժʺã 
ҲΪ棬Щڵؼʿ඼ǴӽԺҵѧԺǽյݺҫǶԺĵҲȻ 
һһ˹֮ԣ֮һˮϵС˵Ľǰǹĳš 
ѿκεľκ̴֮߶ûоκͨԺ߹ţˮֹ֮С 
һ˴ӵһƤ֮վĿɨ͸׶˺ϡ 
˳ϣȻɢһִڳ˵Ϣ 
ʱȻ״˵ݣҲûʲôĸоŵЦ⣬΢΢˵ͷ



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   ׵ĸоȫһˣվĿͶԼ֮ʱ׸оһ쳣ǿԼסԼһߵϢһǿߵƣȻֻȻɢø޷ƵĹڵأдСװݼ£ʱܲ³ݣǰ׳ˡ ΢΢˵ͷԸ׵ĵɣȻܵȴ͸Ųɿܵ 
ӵվĸףֱ˹λؾԪʦеɣıƽ 
ͷõ˼ûС 
̬ȲΪ⣬ݺּᶨĵһ£µȱ˵ 
£⡭ԪԺ׹Ϊ˾ 
ֹԪĻֶԲʵ֪Ըܱս 
Լ˸ʶȻ׹⣬ȴҲ΢ЦԸµȻҲᷴԣ𣿡 
Ļ󣬹¶Щ˷֮ɫֿ˿Ԫ͸׶˵Ǹ˵ű˳š 
˴һò֪ʯ̳ɵĿյ֮ϣ뽣Ժڵ䳡Щơ 
רõ䳡䳡ǿĽסҷһЩ˷ܵĶ 
ף㵽ȥŰɣﲻܴĵطԪԸ˵ 
ҲЩ֪֮˵ܵ˽֮⣡ 
ýɣ˷̫ʱ䣬㿪ڶԹ˵ 
Ĭ˰úãһսʤʮħ޵ʿûнӦҲԵֵκĹɣ 
Ԫ˵Щʲôջû˵Ҳ뿴ǿ̶ֳȣǷܹͽսʤһýʥʿ 
Ԫʮಽ󣬹ӲԶıץһĳȻֽгһӣһǿĽǱ˳ȥ䳡Եøӿˡ 
ɣʱѱ˸ȫĵĶ˷ܵս֮УȻʥʿ𣬵ǰ⿴ͨȴ˿Ҵ⣬һȺ˫սȫӽȥ 
ǹʯһ첽ȥӲǳԼĳȭĻ˹С 
Ľֱ֮ʱоԼһӲʯһ㣬ʱõ˿ȥŽ˫֮¸ʹ̡ 
Ϊ˾֮ʱС֮תһʹǿ£˲Ļԣ˲䣬ѷɳԶ 
һֱսֵԪ𣬽ֱ߷еĹסס֮ʱҲܵ˴ӹϴǿæǿŴŹӿ 
Ѵ˲תĹԪĿɿڴĿΪǶоδʹóκεĽ⻹Ѫ֮ 
ʵԼֱȥĳҲԼʵäĿðգΪԼ˫ͷħĲ 
ӸһʥʿƴȫһҲ޷ʮһħκ˺ɼħ޵ȼԽߣĻӲȱԽǿԼȴɵĽֱ۲ħǼӲۼ֮У֤ԼӦñħۼ׸ӲȻЩ޷⣬ȴʵŸֱȥĳ 
ʹһҲʣڽĸ׿ĽЩܽܡ 
û°ɣߵԪ͹֮ǰʵҲֻʶѣʵڲ޶ٵġղһȭҲäĿģֱ۵ס˲һٷ󣬲žѾСһȭ 
ղ˼δԼһдܶ٣Ԫȶһ㣬˷ܵʵ 
ǴŵЦݣҿɻشˣΪҲ֪ԼԲܻش⡣ 
ԪڿʼŹˣڶţ֪ļޣ⻹ֻܵǲ˼壡 
ǿһµ𣿡һڴʵ 
У붼û϶ĵ 
ΪʲôʹõȫܵҲûĺοﻹв籣ѵԸǿ𣿡üʵ 
ЦЦȻϥڵϣһȭ˵ǼӲʯڣȽֲ붹ڻҪףõ䲻󣬵ٶȴǳ죬ԪҲδо̫𵴡 
վЦ˰ɣȫһҲֻЧѣ 
ԪҲˣǰȭͷ֮ϸûκεĽܹõҲֻȭͷôһطѣͲܳǿ 
ҿԽ𣿡׵ӽ⴫˽ 
ýˣǻغĵȥӦ˸׵ĻֶԪûʲôñȵˣ˼ҲûʲôǻȥɣʱڿǷǳӣһֱȴ벻һ㣬񣬳񣬻˭ӵǿأ 
ǰ㣬Թʵĺǿ뷨֮ڱڣȶ֮ȴ뷨оԼǰ뷨ǳĺЦ 
صĵ󣬹ȡһ׼õĺӣһЩֵħӡţ⿪ӡ򿪺֮ʱеԼ΢΢һ£оĶԼ 
һǿĹâӺ֮˳Ķ˳ֻоӶǼǿĹâ֮Уָѱâڸǣȫˡ 
ȴĿһâСƬǾƬ͸ɫָֻװĺ񱡺ʹС 
ǰֹĹƷ֪Լʵѵ׶εļޣԲδϣָ䣡ǼħҲҪˣֻϣָܶҺԪʦһЩܳϿңߴ½֮ϣʵһУҲϣܴϻøǿʵ 
˵ͷȻû˵ʲôȴùԪǳ˼ 
ӹʯһ˲䣬ĹâͻȻʧ׼ȷ˵Щâڣް 
һּ󣬹Ԫ͸׶ĿɿڴĿ֮ⷢ£·ˣֻССĹʯͻȻˮΰĻɿƤ֮ڡ 
˫ĿѾʯվ 
ͻȻ䡱һһССڲС˳ 
˵΢һ㣬ССһĵ͸˵ȴԵˣ 
ĵͽĸըƬµĺˮǿѹȳһµİȥİԲ֮Σ˵Ҳ˲ֱķֳ˳ȥ 
ǹԵģֻŷǳǿ𵴺ѹԪ͹˼ʱý֮£Ҳû̫ܵص˺ȴͲˣ 
֮ʱͻȻͷʹһ˹ȥ䵽ˮ 
ԪסԼˣ˻ֱˮԲѵĸ׷ɵ˺֮ϡ 
ոջص£Ԫ͹˻֮ʱת˹Ť͵ĸʬ壬æԼָŵһҧѸٵĽָ쵽׵촽ϷһνɫѪҺ׵Ŀкָϵ˿ȫʧ 
ԪҪô£ͻȻ׵ʬ֮Ϸ˽ɫĹâ嶼ڡ 
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Ȼ˫ۣһӵվԴžıô£棬û֣Щ۴ˡ 
Ԫ͹˫ĿҪɵۿ֮⣬Ǹ޷һѪȥţǰ׵ı仯ǴɫǿԷǳĸоɢϢһǸеԱСϢǸоϢԼѹǸһԸ¹ĳ嶯 
ĸѱ˳Խ˵Ĵڣʱеȴ֪۵ѪҺѽ˲ĸ߶ȣֻҪӵƥˣ 
ֹԪ͹ԼҲסˣղѪҺȸҲֻʶΪоԾȻظףȴû뵽Ч 
ѽҵĿôˣۣҸˣۣҵֱˣѽ⻹ѽˣ˵滹ιȥˣ 
£û°ɣһ͢ԶʵЩ֮ǰ㱻ֹߵľ޴춯󣬲鿴ġ 
°ɣû£ڵǿѹȥһЩ 
оԼ˵ģôֻˣˣô°ڵϵĸĵԭȻװΡ 
˵Ŀȫ۵ϣǿʣңҲ֪ղô£Ҳûлָ䣬ȴҲһ㶫 
ʲôʵڼԿ϶ˣ񣬻˭һѪҺȻһˣһͻȻʥأ 
˵ͻȻΪһҪһЩ֮ȥ˵ģҼǲ˭סҲǲҪȥ˭ˣʯһָЩڻһʯҲҼĶ 
֮Ǵ˵е֮ôأй֮һҲˣԪ˵ţȴڳ˶ˡ 
²СĻٵ˱µ⴦ԭԶʮʮһħΪ⳥˼ĵ 
ڴǰһϲʮʮһħˣԻ֪ĹˣʱȴЩȫˣۼһѪ˾ȻоĸѱԼҪǿ֮ 
ѽ˵ﻹȥƽЩæֵ̿ĵҪЩС·ϣҵԴȥҪʯ̬ȿһٰʮȵĴת䰡ǰһʲôأ 
״ʱҲоԼ仯ȴһֱüͷͣô£˵ȻҲҲѯ 
ԪЩĽЩиŵĶԸ׵㻹ллϵı仯Ҳģھ㲻ʿҲ˲ԶˣԪٶֵˡ 
ңܳʿԺûƭҰɣֵܣô°ڵļƽϢ 
̯Цңһʱأ 
Ȼش˵ɣڵ 
˸ͬ飬һ·ϲܿһԸԪʦλҪ̣ûκţκԺ飡ȥλҪʯ˸˵Ҫټȥ죡˵껰˽˴֮С



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   ˵ڵй̴ӣҲδϽڵڵһͥǰ º󣬹ʼ˵𱬷飬رᵽʱ뱬սļߴ½ı߾СڱһЩЩ޷ܵѣ 
Ȼ׹˼Ȼûгŵʲôȴʱ΢΢ͷķʽ߹ԼѼ˵֮ 
µǿûõʱ䣬ſѴ˹£ҪټڵȺ򣡡 
ã 
һӢӻ˽Ӵݵɫ仹Щĸ֮߰ɫͲѽͼһ¡ 
ӿŵһ̣Ԫһֻʥʿˣܿӵڲͬһ˲һ£ǱǴ˱ԼҪǿ࣡ͬʱڷɣⱬôˣӶĳһЩֲİˡ 
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ӶĿ˸װúͻȻʧɫķһſ첽ߵǰϵĹڵصСݼ񣡡 
Ļڳ˶סˣ׳ǴӺ˵أȻ쳣ر𣬵Ҳôװɣ 
һ㶺ʱ˷ܵýû뵽Ȼа׳ջΪݹң̫ˣ 
׸ͿصʵȻоЩ֣ȴǽ֮ͨˣѵþˣŪһ 
ɤӵֲһи֣ģôйʯΪҪȥ 
̧ͷ׵ûУæȷСǳǵһʿܳ׷ɱ½ǡʯҲڳʱãС˼ﻷﶨӣԲž۹ʯԻȡһЩһ 
Ժˣʿ𣿹ﰡתͷԪʵ 
Ԫ类ĻŵòᣬæСĵҲ֪ӦǳңԶһ磬ϲʿӦʿ൱ְƣ 
ŵôվŵòᣬԼȻһʿʵ൱˹Լ˵ 
æַס㣬˵ 
վͷַˣһʿһ׳ 
ô֪ˣͻȻʵ 
̧ۿһˣ־ܳͨϵ֮Ϣҵڻ£ҲϢȷ˴ݣƽƽ֮ˣǲҵˣ˵֮ʱȴСԼˡ 
ԪŹֵĿԼ͸Լϴתֿڶ빺Ĺʯ㿪۰ɣǻ֮Ͼ塣 
⡭ɫĽĿƵ˸ϣǿ϶Ϊ 
׿˿ֿ˿Ԫ˵ŴĶй㻹ʲɣ 
׶ŭŵù˵ϣæСû˼Сͽʯ׸񣡡 
˵óһСңͳǿĹʯ׵ȥ 
һϲû뵽ԼĻ׳ôãûȥӹʯûãɣ˵ָָԵ 
վҪʯʱ󾪵ĵȵȣɲͳɷ档 
Ҳ뵽˸ղ֮£Щ˼ĵﲻʣҸȫĵطɣ 
λȽʯҰɣȻط˵ 
Ȼɻ˺ͼڳ±ɣȻҪҸȫĵط֡Ȼ֣ȴҲûʣ˵ͷ㽫ʯַŻ˴ڡ 
ǰ䳡ｫʯȡڵϺ󣬱ԼԪ˵˽֮⣬Ͳҽǰ֮¿ǺµýɲһΡ 
Ƕ˳ȥŶʰ˵ϵĹʯ 
ǰһ㣬еǿŹʯ֮ڣͻȻǿ룬ٴ 
Źʯȹǿ࣬ҲϴǿһЩ䳡ǿ 
зĹԪֱǿ˳ȥҲû⣬δˣȴ湻ǱģʱΪҪҸȫĵطˣͬʱ𾪵Ŀʼ² 
ΨиȻƽվĽ֮⣬ŷɳȥˣǸϲͲ˵ˣҸòı˰ɣ̫ΰˣڹֽš 
βδιȥԻͿյɫ˵˸ߣ 
ʱҲ˻ǺĴԪĿȴѯ֮ɫ 
ҡͷҵѽйΪҪȡŹ֮Ȼǲʯǹ֮ĲƬֻҵָܻ֮ҵļˣ 
˵ɣԪȴҪιȥˣǹ񣬹˭ǿĴ񣬴˵е֮Ȼѣ˭ 
ﲢ֪£Ļ󣬳ɻ󡭡 
顭󣬴⣬⡭˵ʲôȫǿհף޷˵ȥ 
ǿ֪ôȥ磿ͻȻʯ쾪ʵ 
ֵܣ㣬Ҫȥ磿ҵѽҾ˸ʲô˻״ε˵ 
˭ܸô°ڿҪˡ 
Ԫ˿΢΢ͷ󣬱㽫֮¶˵˳ϣļʶܶһЩ 
֪龭һ𾪵Ŀ˿ֿŸ׵һѪһ⣬̫˼ˣΪθ˵ϢȴûӦеϺһЩӦ߱Ķ 
ֻص˽ڣʱڵƽ˲٣ż˶ڳĬû⣬㿪ڵ֪һطͨ磬Ǵط֮û˵˵˵ÿӦһͨŻŶԣҲӦУ 
ĻԪɫصĵ˵ħɭһͨĿռ֮ţֻǴ˵û˼Ҳ֪ǲģ 
ǵĻɿħɭڵڰԵħ̶֮ʱһֵĸоѵ̶֮ױͨŻ 
ȥħɭֿͻȻ˵ 
Ԫæ·˵ĶǴ˵ѣһİ 
ȴҸо˵ģû´ĻӦѾӽǿռ֮ˡħɭֵĴ˫ͷħػţ 
˫ͷħԪڶһ漴־־ЩЦ˫ͷħȻôܶһвأ 
ðɣȥħԺԺ׼һһ;ᣡԪ˵űվ 
˵ͷԪȥ״ţҲȥҲ͹΢΢һ£Ҳųȥ 
ħԺ֪˵ڳԾ֮࣬Ҳɿ²ú˸ճȥħ 
⵱Ը׼˵һδҿѳɹ磬Ƿģһָһǵģ 
Ҹȥɣħɭһʱ䣡׼ᶨĵ 
˵ͷҲã 
ܿ죬ħԺѽ˴һħ;ᡭ 
һ⻪ѳħɭ֮⣬Լվɭֽĸ׵ҸоԼܳɹ뵽磬ĺлл㣬ȻҲ֪Ҫ۲ߵһ 
æ㲻Ҫ˵ˣԪʦ˵ҿܻΪʿΪ㣬ⱲҲָˣ 
Ҳû˵ʲôԸصĵ˵ͷ󣬳ħɭȥϴһеĺܿ죬һ·֮ϵĵͼħͲᣬֱӱħɭĴˮ̶֮ԡ 
ۣˣ񰡣ȾҰɣ⻹û˫ͷħôʱȥҪÿ޳ˡ 
һͷŹ࣬һװſǻЦİɣβ鷳ģ£ 
˫ͷħ˵鷳ģ˸Цʵʲô£ʰɣϵ»ûҲ֪£ 
˵ħɭһطͨ磬ϴ㲻Ҫ㲻֪ 
ħ󾪵Ȼ֪ħɭڵħ޶Ϊػͨűӡģ˵ͨҲԶˣ·ɲ߰ 
ϲռ֮ˮ̶棿 
ħǲʵô֪İ棬ȻѾ֪˻ңĪ 
õ˿϶ڸϲˣæʵ˵ˮ̶½ռͨʲô鷳⴦ռֿͨͨʲôط 
ħ˾񣺡һΪʲô֪أɣͨռͨˮ̶ײˮ̶ɲһˮ̶µԽ棬Խ󣬶ˮѹҲԽ󣬳ǿĳ̶ȣǱǱ̶׵ģͨʲôطҾͲ֪ˣҲûܹ֪ħɭֺˮ̶γ֮ʼұػڻû˭ȥ⣬ûܹߵ⸽ 
ҲʲʲôõĶҲħ£һͷ㳯ˮ̶ȥ 
ˮ̶Ų֪ӺγĹߣˮ̶֮Եĺˮȴַǳ֣峺쳣ȴֺѿԶĵطƾĿܼҲֻʮף 
׼һֱǱ˺ܾãҲδо˫ͷħ˵ǿѹ෴̶֮ˮһַǳõĸо 
ǱһκһĹţһϲӿٶȵĳǹǱ˹ȥ 
棬ͷ֮ϵ̶ˮ̶׾Ȼûˮˮ̶ڲ֪жص̶ˮһεĶţͷϷһ״޷ 
ǰԶһͷǿĶ͸Щǿ⣬Ƿĺ֮Ȼһڴ󶴣ӦþνĿռͨˡ 
ӿǵıǴ֮ڣȫǱһİ׹ţڲǺܴ󣬵ŷ֣ԼͿںδ֮ȫǰ׹⡣ 
棬оӹⶴһͷתһǿɿĳһȥȷɳ֮죬ڿ쵽ʲô̶ȣããĹⶴڣҲûһȷеĸо 
оЩ׹⻹ͣĽ뵽棬ǹʯĹâһ㣬оԼ֮ڷһЩ仯һЩļƬϣȴ޷֮оԼļѵ˻ָıԵо忪ʼһľʹ 
ͻȻǰˢһ±˸һƬ֮УĿֻܼ֮һССڵ㣬޷ٶȳǰţ



 

   зúǰһСͣı󣬳Լײ 飡һ죬һ޴ģâʯ֮ڣ 
ȫûʯ֮Լһ֮ڣЩԷɿٶȳӿȥ 
ٴγʹĸооԼϵıСоԼڲͣŤѾ޴ͣû 
ļʹ̵ͬʱԲ˼ٶȻطţֻת˲ʱ䣬ѵûԼȫ䣬ʱһУ 
ΧĹ֮Ըٶȳӿ룬ֻβȻ룬ľЩǿԼڡ 
һؼȻԼʱǶһž޴Ĺ֮棬ڵİͲ̫ȶپ֮ļʹ̼ѵ˱ߵıԵ 
ڵЩںϵ֮£ٴ˻صԪ֮ĻסԪ 
ɲٴαֻԪЩ֮Ȼ밵ŷǳĳͻȴ밵γһصĿƹЧ 
Ȼвٹ֮壬֪밵൱Ĺ֮壬ʹ֮γƽ⣬ԼǱסˡ 
޴Ĺ֮ķ֮£ͣıСһȺĹռڷٸϹҵ;У 
ܿ죬Ź֮յĸɸɾڵΣҲǱĸΣգԾ壬ڽЩ֮뵽֮УЩ̫֮ںֻðøӿ񱬣 
ȻڲͣŤ״һЩֲϵСڵ̬ħһ㣡 
Ȼһֱʹţȴһֱںػ֮Уʱ־ 
ֳԶһС˲˹ȥθʧڷ֮ʮԳһĸϵˣҪѰ֮ʱȴַһƽڱɿƻʮǱ߸ȥ 
Щ˵ٶȻ޷˲ȣ˵ٶҲȷʵǹ죬ŸտʼһС֮ڵʮҲѸɿĽΧ 
ǲͣŤε壬ʮֱӾͽħ֣һӵϵĶй 
ʱڰļӱʹ־˰Ե״̬ʱ֧ԵֻһһּôԼðͷİħԣ 
һǿ󰵺Χӳȥڵʹ˲һЩҲֻһ˲ѡ 
ʮܵסǿİʱըɵòӰһȻҪǵȴҲ㹻װܵˡ 
ȫûȥǣһں󣬱㳯һ˲˹ȥ 
һĹ֮ȥΧĹҲԽԽ࣬ȼʵҲһһǿ󣬵ЩܶΪ˿赲 
ռߣڳˣ 
ʱ͵׶ߣȻŤ֮б֮Уʱ־ȴǺȫ䣬ȫ֮УҲ˷ǳΣյľأ 
ʱﻹϵóЩ˱ܿԶ󣬱ðȻܵҹռҰ 
شһ漴Ƿ 
ǰ֮ʱͱȹǿ࣬ʱʵǰǿǹܵС 
þ˱Ҳ޷˵ֺӭķһαһθҵĹڵ𾪿޷ģԼһռ񰡣Ȼһ֪Ҳʰ£µԼܾܿҪʰˡ 
ܣԼѰӵȥأԼˣռڻס 
һǿĹͻȻͣУ˫ֱͷʹĵϵܣǻ磬޷̫࣬ȥһĹ֮ȻҪɱ㡭־˰õֿʼԹзĹ 
ΪĻķ㶣ͱͻȻϮУһӦĹһߴĺţǻ磿ôˣҪ֮ﰡ 
ش⣬Ķ˼ºͻȻ˲Ƶһ޴Ĺ֮ʼ 
ܿ׷ԶУûȥйվУɿĽڣĵǻеľôأѵԾ 
ͻȻʧ֮Уû˴ŵӷ 
ֽʮŹ֮һԼٶȳа˿ܵͷϲӭȥ 
ǰЩĹ֮þ޴ݵĻֻ֮áӴ󡱶ˣ֮ΣСһ̫ȡ 
һͷԽǡڱʧ 
ӴĹıСʹϣŹռĹ֮ܽιȻɽܾˣ 
ں󣬲δֱӴİγɶͳͻںһ𣬲ںϣڵİҲԽԽ񱬣 
ҿûһֱȥŹ밵ıԽԽӽڵҲʼƽ͵׵ҲʼĻ 
Ӵ״֮ٷ֮ʮʱڵĹ⡢ڴﵽһƽ⣬Ҳԭ 
ڵȻѾֹͣڵ仯ȴڽţȫû˰ԪЩںϺһ޷ݵĴڣЩٴ洢֮ڣȫʧˣʧɵÿһɲ֮УٴλһƬʱ˵壬Ҳûκ˿࿹ռ 
ͻȻڹ֮ǰǿź͵Ц⣬ԹǸĵԲס˹ϵܣû̫ʧɣ 
Ÿ˵ϸ磬ʲôάĹͻȻƻǻطһƬֲ֪ȶòָܻˣ 
ˣҴҲ򲻹㣬ҧҲҧ㣬ϵù֮⣬ʲôأֿЦ 
ٺЦϵҵľ˰Ժʲô£ϸæССʧӦҲ㲻ʲô˰ɣ 
ŵɫʱת磬õĳŵǲ򵥰൱ԼռֶһλسıԺ˭ƻأ 
ı鿴Цſڵϵ㷴ҲʧˣٶʧɣŹ֮ô 
ɫͻϸ棬СܻҪ죬Ͳˣ˵žҪܡ 
ĵҾԼȥȡˣ 
Ļܣʱɥϸ磬ͷŹҰɣԭе˴룬ﻹõóŹ֮ 
ЦôҰѻ˵أҪŹ֮ȴҪֻ̫ҪʮԴôˣҪ֣ 
ֻҪôСĹ֮תΪϲû⣬ϵϣЩ֮ʲô 
˵ģھ˭ͲùˣɲԼȥġ 
棬ǹﲻˣˣλǣһ˷˹Թʵ 
ЦԼȻ˳֮Ϊ治֪ԼǰһʲôģЦǹﲻǰôӶ 
ղҲͣŤȴڷǳƣǹĻٿۣȻ󾪵ĵȻ㣡˵űҪȥȻҲ׼һ¾ܣڴҲ޷׷ɱԼ 
ȥȥȥһ죡Ὣһӣ㽫͵֮⡣ 
㵽ô°ղĹ˵ģҪҵֶʵ 
Լ̫వЩħһЩڰڿռڶԸħĸֺռѰ֮ʧȥ˼䣬ֱ֮ǰ˵һ飬Ѱ֮˾Լ 
˵־棬ȴǺЦ 
ЦʵȥЩ̧ͨľΧ 
ʱҲԽԽЦһЦ 
Ц󣬹ͻȻ˵ϸ磬ҪصǿʧʱȥȺСӣ 
ͷȥô˵ҲҵĴæȻҲ֪һһʲôĽ 
ͬһȥɣٺ٣þûȥˣЦ 
һ㶺Цðĵ̣ʱǰСӴ̵ô 
ٺ٣ϸһ£ȥԸЩʰ̯ӣ˳˻˸׼õĹ֮һ仰󣬱ʧڵ 
Цҡҡͷ˼֮У־ȫָڵѵԼҲ޷ĳ̶ȣڵʵҪħ練ƣıҪɱҲֻһΪԼ˽׵ĿѣԼȻЩʵӦǶǴأĶΪɣε˵û˶Դ֣֮ұǴˡ 
ܿ죬ѻصǰԵú˷ܣߵ鶼źˣ߰ɣ 
ЦЦͻȻһ㶵ˣռǾ޿ɼǸôҵȥǿ򰡣 
ĵΪһԼ˿ӹռڵÿһ꾡ļ¼ʱȥѰ飬ֻҪ˵һǿҲѰһ±ҵڣ 
ЩɿŹԼ½֪һ¡ 
ĻŸ䣬ѵĵ鵽ˣһŸշչֽС½ǡ 
һ㶣½ǣֻ֪˵֣ô鷳˵һѡ 
ͻȻ뵽һʵˣҸղǿŴĹ֮˶೤ʱ䣿 
һСᣡ̵Ĵ 
ȴ⣬Թ˵һСǼСʱҲǳǧ꣡ 
׷ʵʱǶã㣡 
ŹȥҲȥ㷨˵Ҳɣ 
˭֪ϰŵˣ⾫ȷʱۺϳ컹㣬˵Űɣ 
ƽĵ˵ɣ 
ʱ߷֮죡϶ĵ 
һ㶺һǰ˵ĳ嶯ıֲˣŪԼǹ֮Ӵȴֻ˶̵ʱ䣬ȴЩ⡣ 
ʱ䣬Լӽħɭڵ̶ڣӦûδȥһ죬ܸСӻħɭԼٺ٣͸ϲɡ 
½ǵħɭһͨĿռͨǿɲԴﷵȥʵ 
Ȼԣ߰ɣĥʱˣҪļ



 Ը֮ŵ

   ʱٴֻʣǼ̱ĺͶ̿㣬ֽ⻯ͳһκλ׻˵ûˣΪʱõĻ׺ Ƭ̹ѵħɭڵ̶֮£ҲԼ͸ıһ£òһһֱǱ״̬ʱҲֻԼϢͽϵĹװ仯һͨҹӸ 
Ц˼㳯Ϸɴȥ 
˲Ÿշˮ棬˫ͷħ۹Ҿ֪㲻ɣ֪Ѷˣ棬ôһˣ 
죬СһŲҽһëë棿ħ 
˫ͷħǹԹԵı죬ǿɾħˣ̶ܴͻȻðˣȻƨҲܲҲݣĻҲ 
͹˲ɭֵĽ֮⣬׹ȻȺСӾȻڿ⣡ 
ͻȻֵ˽һæ˷ܵӭȥ漴뵽ȥǲûȥæڰοֵܣҲѹǻȥİ취ɣ 
һԵĹѴЦϸ磬㿴ҲҪһϸ磬СӾȻֵܣ̫˼ˣ 
ʲôˣֵܣɭʶ𣿡׺ǲˬʵ 
˿Źֵı飬ԸЦѲħɭʶģʶܾˣ 
棬ʶˣô˵ֵļѾָˣ̫ˣҲ÷ܵȥˣΪеˡ 
תͷԹĵ¸ףλֵܹհоԼôò 
¹ȴסˣһ̲סЦ˸ףһֵҲˣȴܳΪֵˣȻˣ 
⣬ô׳һĶ 
ȴЦˣΪʲôҪԼˣ 
ҲЩŹˣСʵֵܣ⣬ô° 
סЦһйҴǰǸᵽΪһλⲻˣ 
׵ɴ˫˵ĸֱֺͦͦĵȥ 
ڸ׵ƨһŵװˣݼһǵĴҰСֵƣô˵ҲԴ̵ô˵ȴĿ⿴˹㲻ÿ˼ 
׹Ȼһӵվ˹ǰСӸװݼˣСӸղ۲ʶ̩ɽ˲Ҫ֣ںôˣС滹ǵ󵽿԰סˣҪô 
ǰ滹ĵ⣬ȴסˣС첻µز£Ƥ˰ҹռھȻҲˣǶ 
棬Ҳ˵ʲôŸЦɣҿҲ֮ˣҾһɣȻڻ޷ѽԺ֪ĺôˣ⽣ϻһЩ֮Լɣ 
óһŰ׹ĳݸ˸ף΢ЦȴţԺ磬ʰ㣡 
л󣬲ŴϲĽӹо⽣ȵǴ͵ĽҸǾȶˣõһ˵壬õ˵ĽԺţأҵǰ;һ 
ˣǻȥɣҪٶԱˣ˵ 
Ÿǰĳƽ˳ռеԪطɿľۼ֮ڣγһöָöָݸ׵ǿռ䣬ѽŵ棬ȻسǺһ鷳ֽռ÷˸ס 
ֵõһ˼ı׵ȻǴϲ 
óħԺĴ;߰ɣǻȥ˵ 
ˬĵΪǻҪС⣿ 
䣬ֻоǰһ˱ǵĳ⣬·ΪǼˣ 
Ƶĳڳȥһ·֮ϹͣŪЩϷɹˣЩֲʱĪĴӸ߿еˤ۴УڰӶߵģǻҷɣҵķţ 
ſڵ͵õ˹ķԸǶ͸׶˿ǿǳҲմ˲СĹ⣬ЩС֪Ȥǲεĺô⼸ԺʵٶȣԼҲеľ 
һֱ˻͵Ľſڣ󣬹Ԫӭ˳ԭһֱȸ״ϢҪ磬ǲ˵Ĵ° 
ҵļѾָˣʲô½ȥ˵ɣ˵㵱һ𳯽ȥ 
˿ûˣս㿴ŵ̨ŴЦ棬ȻͨͨǸԶҲٺ٣˵ű첽ȥһƨȥ 
һ㶣ԪȴǴ󾪵תͷ⡭ 
ԪпͨͨжҲض򵥣Ȼ˹ıôҲе㲻ܽܰɣԲʵʲô 
ûڣȴһԿһ۹ЦòҪܵⱦһ£ǸǱˣ 
ҲڵԣڵļѾȫָҵҲҪˣܶ²ܹģҲ˶ˣʱҵİСʲôԸɣ˼˺ӦмĻˣ˵һԵ 
Щ֪룬ڶ󣬵ȴ֪Ҳ֪ҪЩʲôҪ˵ЩҪҲ֪ôڲǡ 
ǰһĸоĻڵֻǸоһͨˣް˿ĸо 
ǹȿˣΪԼ֮ΪǸˣ˵ҲЩֱ׳ڱ棬һΪħСǸСȴħʦͽʿСԼСһֱڴұǸɳ˴ڶ֣˴սұʧȥǺʹƬأԴҲıԵҺħɭڵĸ߼ħˣ˽֮ȥһЩ󣬲żǿ˳ǷʱֵסħĽϣķϣֹܹⳡսټȥ 
ֹֻⳡսУʵ 
ɣԼҪ̫٣æֲոǰʧȥǵȻã˸߼ħ˼ǿػ磬ҪƳǿɾͲˣ 
ãҴӦ㣡ԹͻȻעҲûʲôΪ˵ЩǾ֮Ͷѡ 
ŴϲĹЩЦô 
תͷԪԺʲôԸ𣿡 
һͷԪĵҲĳ̸Ҳ֪ߴ½Ľȣǲ̫࣬ʥʿǿĽʿʿһִ˵ʿʿ洦ɼǿĴڣϣܴһЩǿĽͶ֮ȥ߽Ժѧߴ½ĽˮƽߵһµĲΣ 
ЦҴˣ֮Ҷò٣ȴʺϰҲδϰ 
һʧԪЦҲõģ֪ЩȻʺǣܻΪһٰ̹ɣ 
ѴӱĹϵܣɸ˵ⱬǵ߽Ժһ̹٣Ӧûɣ 
ٺЦϸ㶼Сʲô췹Ե˶ǣɸˣ 
Ԫ˻ʲôɸ̳ܽʲôõĽ𣿵һԵĸȴԺˣҪ뽣ԺҰɣ 
Ԫĵ㲻Ѿ𣿳ΪʿҲָտɴ㻹ҪԺѧϰ𣿡 
״󼱵ĹֽеҲֻѰҪѧڵĽұĳˣҲѧŹأͿӦҰɣ 
Ԫ¿Ǵˣ̲סٴδ˹￴óء 
ǲµ׿֪֮˵ԲȥԺѧѧϰѧϰ˳̹ٵĻʲô˰ 
ȴԸЦ׳գȴԺѧʲôһ͸ĽΪǰһ˵ǽһЩ֮𣿼ȻͳĶһʱ߽ԺĽ̹ٿҲֻܵķˣ 
־ϲĵ𣿹̫ˣҲ뵽ǰǴŵ񽣰ĽôͨɫأԺȻԱǿǹ񫰡 
仹ָ֪ʲôȴҲǳĲµıӦѾСӸռˣҲƽ⣬ϾǵһˣңûиףҲܼ 
أֶ 
ҵ½ֻҪĹӣҲʲôɽҽʯѾ۵¸ϰ壬ʱһЩӸϹʯĸ֣ǵѰҵ䣬ȻҲǣô˵ҲһȣܲܽǶɱ˰ɣܰҰ¸ˣ¾͸мˣ 
û뵽һҪͣ˵»Լ֮ʣʰ̯ҲȻ£㿪˵İɣһұ֤㲻鷳 
ϸ磬Ǹô棿˷ܵĶʵҲǱ̫ˡ 
ЦȽ˱֮£Ȼȥս棬Ӧĵط 
Ц̫ýˣΪǸʯͷѪҾÿ˸һС֮ǻʲô˵ 
˹Ļ޲󾪣֮ʲôȻҪÿ˸һţ 
в֮䵽ϻˣ 
ٺЦֻǿЦϸαصأ 
ͻȻڹ⻪һƾճһˣŽףȫɢӴʥϢ 
Ԫ˴ǾҲ֪׼ˣ֮Ҫǰΰݣȴ˱ǵĶ죬һڹǰСĪμ 
Ļû˵꣬ѴϵҿģСҪ¶ҵݣҵ£Ҳ㣡ĽףϢڳ⣬Ҳ֪ 
ĪæվϵĽվ˲һ׽ʿϵ֮Ϣʧ٣ 
ڵ˵񰡣ȻҪ°ݣͬ˭أ 
ͻȻ˵ĻҵѽйΪҪȡŹ֮Ȼǲ 
Ѳ³ݵĹˣվﻹ£˫ŻЩǿǴ񰡣ԼžȻ



 ֮Ϸ

   ָԪԸĪԺһ͸ˣѧ̽̽ʲôģҲҪ̫ǿĽˣˣɲһ縴 ĪӦһ󣬹ȻվԪԪоȫӶҧһڣһվҪɾˣ 
ĪƽˮڿЦ죺ڵȵˣô꣬ڿúһˣµĲˬˣ 
ʲôԸ𣿡ЦŶԸ׵ 
ץͷͷƤ˰ŵǳΪʥʿұˣһʲôԸҲĿ֪꣬üٺ٣ 
Ц˻ҪĿ꣬Сӻһ̰İҿɰﲻ㣬ЩԺˣָָ 
ԸײЦЦŵø׽Դ°ԺǲҪȥĺãȻ 
ˣ߰ɣץʱһȦҲðˣվ㳯ŵȥ 
ȻĸȥֻҪһû뿪Ҫˣ 
ЦҿСͦ˳۵ģ߰ɣһȥ棡 
ϲܱ񿴵˳ۣԺĺôѴѵӦǺҲȥ 
ԪڵڣȻеĸоԼȻ˹ǻһĪվԪ治ġ 
ڳ⣬ЦŶԪѾˣֵ鷳ˣȥתȦЩ鷳˶ߵǸɽȥ㣡סҪ 
˵ֳĻӶһ£͸ʧ˵ 
ﾪϲķ֣ڷһּ䣬˲ǿʮϣھǰĳңҲսʤĻЩν֡ 
ϰ֮УֱеķȥȻ֣Ҫȵ˵ 
ɵϷ֮мˣϰսΧ 
ͻȻҪĹʯ˳˴ǮǰֱӳˣλͲҪٴʯˣĵǳ㣬Ȼйһ֮Ϊϸ˸Źˡ 
Ļ֮֮˶ЩΪʯĸ֣ɿĳۼ 
һħʦ˶ͨ緢ϢҪʯǴҿɶǲԶӸ½Ϲģѵˣǲɣ㲻ʯ뿪˵أǲĻҪˡ 
ЦʯҵģôôʯڻϣҲôģ붯ɣΪ˶ҾǣЩһﻹҵб¸ȥ 
ʱ¡¡ҶΧˣЩĻ󣬴ָѵ˼ 
ȻЦţͻȻ˫ȭɿĳ˷ӶǿȭʱЩ˴ɢҪ֮ʱѳųķɳԶ 
ɽһݵϣָԶմСеˣˣ 
Ҫѣ͹ѿԪĵĿУѹѹһȺ׷š 
﷢˺ͻȻӿеٶȣ֮ǰ˷ܵĵҽˣ 
Ц˾Ϳȥ򰡣Ǵ˾Ͳ鷳ˣְܲɣ 
һ㶣û뵽ҪԼ鷳ѿһȺˣֿʼ˷һ˵ôˣûԹ 
ϰǻſϷأߴٵ 
ŹĻ﷢Լ屻һ㱡ĹĻ֮У﷢ĻЩħʦʩħܣȴԼħǿ 
Щѷɵɽ֮ǰӭȥ 
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ͻȻд򶷵ȺУָ˴еСһһģȥʰǣ򲻹뵽ұˣ 
ŷ˹ʮˣ˷ܵûָЩǿõ˳ȥ 
֪˭˴ħ˵ͷ֮ϱһͻƵס޴¡ 
ųһ׸סԼЩЩħ˵ʸûС 
ȻħԹ˵ҲûκЧԴȴǷǳĵĸһڵסҿϷҪǴ˾ʲ֣Ҳ˺㡭˵Ҳûκζеƺ͵ͻȻʧ١ 
м˼Ҫܣ񿴵üͷһ£Ǽײһһ㣬ɵ˻ 
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Ĵ򶷣׷ЩĴҴܣһֱȭͷɳȥײֵ֮˻ЩƤ򡭡 
ûʲôÿˣͻȻݸȥ 
ݵײװļһ⧲֮ҿǷӦ죬ڰסκͷҲûصķӶȥ 
˼ˣҲ˷˳ȥԺҲֻжķˣﻹе鷳 
ûﻹȥ׷Ŵˣɣ 
Υʱɻǰı飬˷֮У 
ҿЩһԺҲ鷳ˣǸȥսˣվ 
ͷһ˵ǾȥҲô棬ȥħɭСӸȥսϣһŵЩ˿޵ٺ٣ 
ᷴԣĵ̣ôô棬֮ҰǹԸͿˣ̯Ӹûֻʰٺ١ 
͸˹Ļڻ룬ħɭھȻСӣ֪ʲôͷ 
ܿǱ֪Сʲôͷˣ͸׸бûоʲôǰ۵ľͻһ䣬ǰһСŨܵ֡ 
𡭡һӴӰž޺Ӻ˳ǿ˫ͷħ 
ѽˣλôˣʲôڿе˫ͷħǾʵ 
¸׶˵Сʲôˣħɭֵǿ߰Ȼ֮ΪСӣҲ湻ùġ 
˫ͷħЦοɲҪ㣬Ҫ㣡˵ָһԵĹ 
ħȻǵùǿǴ̶ð˰̶֮±ܴͨˣԼǲġ 
˫ͷħԵúܾĶԹ㣬ʲô£ 
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˫ͷħȻССӣȴȻ˵ĴߣҲʲôϵɡ 
Ҵȥ棬ǵԸȻѯʣȴǲݾܾ 
˫ͷħﲻ֪˶꣬Ȼȥ͸͸뵽Ľ磬ֿСӣӦöɣǵҲûʲôǸɲܳȥģҲ㳷ȥ簡 
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ħŸոձһͷϡħͷǹվ棬͸վһСɽͷһ㣬ǿޱȡ 
ɣɣ˷ܵô 
ǵⰡû뵽ԼȻħȥ磬⼸췢¸òΰɣΣҲǧҪźá 
쵽ˣô찡ɵɭֱԵħ֪ײȥʲô 
ʲôֱӳǰɾˣʲôҲܣħĶ 
ħǼˣǽûбȥδа˿ԼҪײȥϼ갡ʲô취أСסƴ˰ɣħһݣ˫۾ӿٶȳǰȥ 
ѽСӲǲǣҪײɽͷˣǰɽͷ 
ħһ۲ŷ־ȻѾ˽֮⣬ϲ֮æɵϰֱ 
ϸ磬ħͷԴı߰ͻȻʵ 
һ㶣ʵĵ̣㻹ң֪ 
۵ҵϵͲˣĻҵϵĳ 
Ŀ⿴͸ףҡͷҸ½ǲãĳк͵ϤħͷԴ֮Ҳǽղŵһ˵ 
ҲæңҲûȥ 
ħ˵ȣҲȤĵҪңҳħɭ֣ĵط֪ 
ɵһ㣬˺һ£ǵģղôСЩյĵ 
ЦħСȥ·óˣ·ɣ 
˵䣬ʥ˲סÿһ䣬ȷһսȻһħĴǣԼбѿ˳֮ϡԴǡ֡ 
߷ɣָһ 
ħһͷת˹ָķȻһ·򣬿ٷȥ 
Դ⣬ħĴѽԴΧסħʦŷԴǵػʩħħŷԴǽҵĺħֻȷԴǽ类һ̣ȫǡ 
ˣ㿴ʲôһСָԶռٷһСڵԵһ˵ 
ǽģ˿Ǹڵ㣬ЩĿǿտʼҲǺڵʲôͷǺڵٷɽһЩǽѴ󾪵ħʦأǧ˶Ϊһ飬ɢ 
ſʼ£ħѷɵ˷ԴǵϿգħеľʿҲħɧЩмʶѺ˫ͷħħɭڵĶħޣҿܰ 
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   ⽫ħеͣм˱ɱ˺ָͣЩȻħŵҪľʿҲֻϣ˵ÿ㣬ҷˡ ħͷϣ糱ˮȥħЦħЩɣЩһﶼʼˣҲµ㣬Ȼȫɢȥˣﻹйоصĳ˰ 
ٺЦźãҪǽǶˣǻʲôİ 
˵תͷȥˣ˵ǵģɴȥЩȫϻϼȥ 
Ӧȥûһַ˻ϳȥ磬ҽȥҿɲԽǿȥ 
в⻹Ҫʣȥ 
͸Щ׵ı㽫سǽƿһ󶴣˳ڡ 
һȺڵĸΧЩֶƾһ˵ƿ֮ȻЩ塣 
ûǿʣҽǹЭƵеģǵĳغͳ˧˳ң 
Ļ˷ӦһŻɫ׵Ľʿɵǰ治Զʵˣأ 
ԭ뿪֮󣬹ħŽҪƵ֮¸ǣ˶˵ĵǲ˴ħȴûᵽ˾Ȼħǰ 
֮ԣҲ뵽ǹ֪ǣ㿪ڵڻħͷϵأ 
˺Χ׵Ļ󣬶޲󾪣ǴϿɿħͷͷˣҷµٶ̫죬ҲûȻǴħͷģǿħô뵽Ȼͷϡ 
ɫ֮뵽˵ñ˿ħһ֮سǽ磬ҲٵԱݺĻѾˡ 
ǿԮﻹЩħĴڷԴǵ״ǵϢƵ֮£ħȴ֮С 
ԭŻɫ֮˱Ǳͳ˧ԴڵıʿҲħֻ̫࣬Ҫسǽǿ޶ȵħħʦħԼĶԷħ 
걬ͳ˧Ļ󣬶ֻɴս濴ţİɣ֤ǿԴʤԶʧȥǡ 
СǲƤˣСҲҪôãǣҪٲɾսҾͻǵĽ磬Ȼȥħˣд˹ 
⻰ҲҪתˣȻǺܴ󣬵ȴԴǵ˶ 
Աͳ˧˷ˣԼŰɣҿҪȥˣ˵𣬸ոպϵĽƶٴײһ 
ͳ˧˼󣬻Ǿ󿪳ţɾɱУȻ֪ʲôͷǼȻħӦñħǿڣ˵ѾԼǵģ㱬ܣҲԼɣ 
߼սʿڿУͼľʿڵϣӷԴڷӵںеħ׷ɱȥ 
ԴڵĴѳǣֱֶ֣ĴӶЦŵ͵ٸǵ㱣ˣټӵٶȣȻҪʱ׷ϰٺ٣ 
ٶȹȻڲ֪࣬ܿ׷ħսһ 
һСһԷ÷ɳʮ׺˰ãЦ񰡣ô㷢Լôǿ󣬹ħСǣˡ 
տʼôȤɵ˵Ŀɱ־òˣ˫ֿʼ˵ߵСҲӵʲôģȻҲôÿҼӣҼӡ 
ڽڰеħԼͻȻǿֹͣ˷ʵþߵ˺ɱ÷ǳҡ 
һֹֽ湻󣬵òʣټӣټӡ 
ʿڹһ£ʵԽԽǿʥħʿʥʿһ̱ȫֵǮˣһʿܴﵽ 
ȻֻʱļӸȴЩ˶һѸֵ񫡣 
ħ裬֮Ĵɴܣⳡȫɡ֡μӵս䳡׳۵˼㣬ô񫣬͸׶ĿɿڴȴǿЦҡͷɴͷ˯˴ 
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ڹֽ֮£˫ʿͲ֪ʲôۣħͽҲȡ֮һ㣬Ǿ򰡴򰡣һֱƴɱ˼Сʱ 
ֱÿ󣬲ͻȻǿ˿ô˻һ治֪ûִ 
ֿҲͬʱջ˼ӸϵĸոѧɵЩʱ֣һӿµֱˤ۴С 
ħ䵽֮ĿյϣȻԾδЦ˵ЩСӽսҿù񫣬̫࣬ҲûʲôýģȻƻƽˣ 
˵һתֶħĴħ˸ţĹȥĳҲ֮ڣ׼ַ⾳ 
Щδλðսȫѹľʿýȥ˵ĻվħͷϣǷŵľȣҲ㲻ʲô 
Щ˾ȻĻ޶ԣһӣħľʿһεе˰ҵĸ߿գЩ˵Ҳ˲䱻סˡ 
Ƕ֮ʱסǵͻȻʧЩʿ۴еʹ֮һƬ 
ǵĿѻûֽͬų֮󣬹ظǰ˵Ļһ䣺ٽ˵ĻƨҾͽȫһ׵ĸ߿ն²£ 
εĻǴĵز·Ӧɴˣӵħʹɿȥ 
ڹŴˣ֮£ܿջʧȥĳкأħĴԼڵس֮ˣȫ˻صԼĹڣԼҵı߾ҲóϴһƬǿǱ˵Ǹ֪˱ڣŲսʤĹڣ 
˫ͷħħɭֻδôֱ˻ȥ͸׶˵󣬱δĹٴν뵽˹ռ֮С 
һ޴ɽƯ֮Уɽ濴ȥ˾ɫĺ⣬ͨɽҲû̫𣬵֮ڣȴȫɹռĹ֮ɣǿĽػ£֮ţȴֿʱ˼Ӵǹɽ 
ƵĹɽϷǹռΰһƬҲǹռǿ 
ڣһСӵݸ˵֣ĲЩ˭𣿡 
ӹСӣͲҪȥ鿴ռŹ֮һҲ٣Сӱӹ˲ʧ١ 
ڵԼڻκһ촦һĿռСӣСʧҲҪˡ 
ˣǲ˵ĺãȻһܲˣЦ 
ں޼湻ζڵģʲô취أֻ֪Ҫ˵ôҲõġ 
ʲôʱߣЩʱȤһȥ棿תƻ 
˹ЦʡʡɣԼȥֱ˵ˮ 
ˣп棡ʧ˵ 
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ȺʱЩãΪǸӦԼƵϢһʱ޷ȷǷΪǵˣǵĵˡ 
ӴİȻںϣһǿЩϢȴԾɱš 
ڹռڣָ֮־ܵħӰҲȫʧ԰صһȴδǣֱʱΰĲѣЩĳŵҲδǡ 
ðеĹͨʽЩСǣҸǴ˹ҿӵԹһΪҵһõļ԰ 
𣬴𣬴𣡡ǵЩﶼ뵽аﶼ֪ڿռڵĵڶħ 
ȥɣϢеˣֶ˵ 
ҲЩ˷ܣҪıռڣ淽ʽˣҪһΰĴ 
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ͻȻսȦ֮ڣǿϱԸռǿʱɳȥսǿֹ 
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İɣڿռĹѷǳ˽⣬ȻռоһǿұһΪռһЩ飬ҲָȥֱˣǰȥḶ˭ħ𵭵Ц 
ħԴϲĻѱػһ壬ðڿռֶһǿػħܲء 
һ仰䣬Ⱥɲ֪Զĸռǿַ˻ǶɲĿ 
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죬ϴû˰ɣһȫʵʵʵҲ֪ڹ̽ 
Цŵͷû£ǿ˵⣬һжã 
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Ļ˶ĲѣĲԼĵֺ̣αҪսⰵڿռ֮ءĶ˵ǰȫͨڰڿռ֮£ôɾʹˣԺֻҪﵽɵֿڿռͨϢ֮ˣ׵ͨһռȥΪռ֮ĽͻôǶడ 
һǰһǲ֪ΪʲôȻǵĳŵȴϾǰڿռ䣬ǻռ䣡һֵİ˽̧һָֻ˰ħ 
ħĻЩˣڴڿռЩ̸вʲôԣȴŵռ䣬аҪԼ˾ԶƬϢ⣬ʲôûеĿ¿ռ֮УһҪıһУҲħӵʹ 
׵ı㿴ħʱ˼ðһеĽʽΪ˴˹ӣҿеİԺﵮӵӦԺҪй磬ǿԼʱСİҲɵڹΪԼ֮ضսһΪǴһƬڰԼĹ磬ռаȫǨƹȥҲ⡣ 
ħĻʱϲỳûƭԼΪڸռеĵλԼ޷ĳʵûаֱҪƭԼ 
ħ֣µĶԸռǿߵǷİɣĳŵȫԴҺڿռĳŵҰһָλĿռ䣬Ȼ˵ͬ⣬пʱҲԹȥһ£ 
صķʽ˰ͬȫ˳ڿռ䣬֤ﲻǵĿռ֣Ҳٶ԰﷢սȴ˿ϷԼĿռͨԭȻҲǳ򵥡 
ܿ죬Щ˶Լ˳˰ڿռ䣬ڿռֻظ˺ƽ״̬ 
Ҫô˶˺ħȲĶʵ 
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ǸûһشŵҪΪǿһƬµġӵйʵĿռ䣬ռ佫ΪԼĹ֮ң 
һˣħһֱûп˵һ仰ԸκεĴţϣܾһС 
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Ҹȥɣһ岻֪˶ĿѾҪͷˣħ˼⣬ĸм޷ݡ 
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ԭʼͨϵķӡޱҪټڣ֮ȥ˳㻹ͨصռ֮С 
ͨϵķӡӡʱ˵βƣڵ˵ȴֱһЦ׵ĽӡںȫԼںħһͬ˻ռǴɽ֮С 
ڹڵĴ֮ԣʱʮսʿħɿϮ 
ħ𲻻ǵĹȻʱҲܻ֣Ǵɣ˭밵ԵôأοԼҲЩսʿʹ 
ס֣еսʿЩսʿ˻غΧ 
ͻȻ˼ι״սħֽһֵĹħЩգЩЦԼôܻӭ 
һӰɿĴһսڷ䵽Լϴ㱻һץסˣһﱻˣ졣 
Щοû뵽ǵķӦȻ쵽˵زɽеÿһϸڣڻ˵ȫ֮С 
ЦŶ¶סְɣħԺ󶼲ǵĵˣ 
첻ĵǲͷ𣿲ǵѵѲɣȻţȴҲ֮ԣͨѶЩսֹͣ˹ 
ħٹԼ㳯˹ȴЩսʿȫǰ棬ħȴʶ 
ЦŶħ㻹Ȼȥɣǽߵ׼úٽԺ»еطҪæ 
ħҲû˵ʲôֻǶ˵ͷַɽǿڴ֮Уٹ̵ĳڼ仰仯⣬޷鵽ĿںȵȻǽɡ 
ħһ仰ԹȥǴʵϴ󣬿ô°òħСܰɣ 
仰䣬Сѩʥ鼯ŵĸ߲˹ڣһķ̶ֱֳȵ˵ǲ̫Ǽĸ˵ȴǹ˷ǳԶʱˡ 
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ڴ޲棬û뵽Ȼطʽָ˵ں˹ǰǿʱҪǿ౶ǿɶΪеˣСѩڴ˼˺󣬴ռȥУ 
ڰţȥˣҲ֪ôӦö˰ɣ 
ڣ˵һڻռ֮£ڸ֮࣬Լӵлֵܡ 
ϴҪﰵڿռ￪µ𣿡ʱ¶󣬻ֿʵ 
϶ĵͷҵĳŵҲԸȥ£Щ֮ǰҪʵԼ룡 
۾һϴָǣҪв涼𣿡 
ԵЩһϵʱµԣʱ쵽ȴͬˣҪÿһĳһЩͨյĻһЩı䣬Ҫ˶ӵпٳĻᣬǳȴٵΪǵҲ磡 
Ҫʲô𣿡˷ܵʵ 
Լ˼˵ԺԭʼռȥһЩ׼̿Ҫǧҵʱ䣬ʱڣڸнĹͼʥУǳ񻯵Ŀչǻռ֮Уߣ뵽ͨ밵ʵ࣬Ҳܲζ 
İϴһὫõģᶨĵ 
ɣҪ뿪𣿡ؾûõСѩǲĵ 
ЩСѩԼѶʧ˶ΣҲ֪ôοСѩźá 
Ϊѵı飬СѩͻȻɵĵȥɣҸղҲֻʵģȥһЩµģ 
ԭʼռУһ޴ĺڶǻռ²ʺԴͷڶǿޱȣڵĻʺȴǺܿ죡 
ĿռһƬǸܶʵľۺ֮Ȼʺʧȥ٣ռеȣȴǾţһë 
ϥ޴ڶǿĴϷʥǿڶΪĵһƬռγһƬԶĿռ䡣 
ڵǿȴҲ޷ԭʼռڵȫı䣬Լ컯ƬռڵĻҪЩԭʼĻԱøͣ 
£ڶҲǿţǿȴƫձıĻ 
ڶȫư˰֮ãԭʼҲڱȫɡ 
Լĳɼǳ⣬֪ЩԼĻ㹻ǧ֮ãԼߵˣ֪Ǳôˣ 
ջصɽȣһĻϺͼӭ 
𣬿ȥȾħˣԶյеĹͨ 
Ҳһô˽ѵռ˳ԼʱֿʼΧɱħ𲻳ɣ 
ĹͨʽȻֱӣЩıȴ̫ǿͬĻϣӦ˽£ʵңô£ 
æ˵˰ڿռڷĴ¡ԭʮǰڿռͻȻһͷͷȻרǿİΪʳħֺ㽫ʳĿѡħ 
ͷʵǿıףħǿȻ˿棬Ϊ˱İħֻͷ 
ͷٶħֻ̫࣬Ҫħ̫Զħȥʳħ̫ħϵᱻɿĸʳʮħѾȥҲӱǹȫʳˡ 
ħסǹ֮ʱﵽ˭ȴԭʼռ֮УһڵǴռ˸룬Щ޷֪ͨˣսʿ͸޷ˡ 
ЩºҲްħ˼ǹռȥԼضȴǳܸռ޷ѡ 
Ҳһ뵽˰ڿռ֮С 
ʱڿռڵĹ뿪ʱǿһ㣬Ĺȴ̫Զ 
ʥɿתһЩħͷĴλú˲˹ȥ 
СģһһаֻҪ*ԼҴҲʹκֻԶĽĽϺøǿħڴϲѣȴҲûһ 
ͷתĿֳԼĹôЩϤ֮УԣЩǰڹռڱԼ˫ͷħĸͷ˫ͷħȴС˺ֻܶ࣬һͷ



ھ ϵ

   ɿɨͷιֻ̽޻ѣûаļ󣬶Ҳоڵ Ҳԭ򣬼ǹѷɽԼæӳһǿ̽ǳ 
֮·ˣȴǹӲǿ󣬾Ȼֻ΢΢ĶһΣֳ 
ٶȶ˵Ƿǳ֮޷һ֮ͨ˵ķٶȡ 
ֲͣǿսмιǹʮ֮ԶʱҲʼоԼڵڷɿʧ 
֮æ˳Զʼ˼Ըķ 
ħҲ˹һ𳯺š˭ʱǹȴͻȻͷһ߷ȥħ״׷ȥǹ︽һȦȻַɻصԡ 
Ȼǹת׷ǣԴôʹֻΪȫ*űܵķӦ 
ô־ʵ 
ħȴô֪һҲ֪ðģͻȻͳ˰ڿռУȫûӵļһȴƫƫǿף㿴ôźãħҲû⡣ 
ʮ꣬ʲô𣿡ҲѧħһɻصǹһȦȻŷɻʵ 
ħҡͷҷ㣬ҲΨһûӣǧȻɾ鷳ˣǰûôǿģճ֮ʱȫһҲɽԶҺðħκȴͬǿĹˣٺϵһǿһһλĴΣڵʱʮٽһεĻʮˡ 
󾪣ô̬ĹҲõǸôԸźã 
ûԹɼΣȻ󽫲Ǻ壿ʵ 
ħûԹû뵽ֻǲȥԶѣʮΣȴʮͷͬǿĹ˵ôӦ 
Ҫ治һ鷳ǲҪԵĺá 
ȻԶ£ȴ˵ǽǧٿ׿Чô˵ǧ⻯ʵʰļ׶֮״ǹȥ 
йȻЧĿ׶Щƣ¿㻹ˣ 
˭֪Щ׶ֵĿ죬ʧĸ죬ڳֺһ˲䣬ȫָһǿ 
òưͰɣôҲû߰תͷħʵ 
˵£ħȴµĵҪãÿһұᵹù 
ǲĿħ𣬻ûħͣǹȴˡ 
𡭡һҲоЩľ޺ǹĿд 
޺𴫳ĻһɫΣ޷ӦӴ 
ħΣҲЩ飬֮óŲ֮ǰ˳ȥӦ죬ȴǺ޷оͬʱħǳ˵ͷ 
ɾͲˣûϾȻԼ֮ʱӦٿҲǹ屻ÿ˳ȥ󾪵ķ֣ԼȻȫ飬Ҫǿһ㣬ԼҲܲˣɶħ𣬾ȻôҪҲһ 
ħͻȻӹԲԶð˳ȻӿٶַɵߣûȿΪͲĹ֪͵Цء 
Ȼ޼ħѿ˵ˣҲ˵ʲô 
ȥӲƴ£㿴һûʲô㣡ͻȻħһ仰󣬱һҧǹ˲˹ȥ 
Լ˲֮岻ͣĳιĸλȭͷڹϺš 
ٶȷǳ֮죬ڹ֮ΪֻԼԽԽֻٴȫЧÿһΪҪĲλ˲ƻħԡ 
ôûУҴĸλʱķӦǿңʵ 
ħ϶ĵÿһһ۾֮ʱһüͷûһ±ͦȥˡ 
𡭡һִ˹ 
οѧˣĵһʱ䣬˲˳ȥȻԱУȴϴκùࡣ 
˲ƻڰҺй֮ʱһȻ㲻Ҳһᱻģ 
һɵôóһƬռٶȣһҲɲ˶ԶԸֳεħ 
ħȴԵɲУڿռڵκһʱµİЩӲħצ˵ܿ϶ûпռŲ֮ҪͻȻŲƵ˱𴦣˷ѱ𣿡 
ħ˵Ҳе뵽һʵﻹ治öԸǱҪŪҵķ緢ֵĵط 
ħħ 
ⰵħôģʲôãҲ֪ڿռĴôһڣȴ֪ǸʲôģռĵһӦ֪ħֵðɣ밵ħйأ㿪ʵ 
ħȴҡͷⰵħⰵڿռΨһŪ׵Ķҵ֮ǰⰵħֱѴڣħ֮ҲҸģ 
̾˰ɣħ־⸽ǽȥ˵ 
ħַɵ︽º󣬻˵ҲֻǶҶԣתۼɵ㿴һٶȣҪȥǵ겻ɣ 
뵽ٶȣҲʱͬħ˵˽ȥоһ⣬Ҳûбİ취롣 
ʱȥˣһһ֪ʩչ˶ٴκ󣬹ڱħħֲԶ֮ 
⼸˲֪ٴαǹ͵ϮʱҲܲˣ½˲٣ҲΪħʮʱҪˡ 
ħȫһɫεĴڣԺԸӦĴڡ 
ӦУǰħһδ֪ɵ״һ̶Ǵзɿתš 
ԸӦɢǳǿ󣬵̾зɿתţҲ޴ã 
ħֻ᲻һӡڵĿıѹסͷ־òԣǷӡǹӡ󣬷ӡҲӦŶԣڹ׷ԼˣħȴҲȻͣתšܷӡסǿķӡ˭أ 
һֱŹΧ̴תȻӦһӡӡʲôأ 
ħоûУ᲻һռͨķӡڶħʵ 
ħȻоȴûʲô˵Ҳ뵽ħҲ飬ִã˭֪Ǹʲôõİ 
ƴԼȥܲܽħִ飬ȴ½ħִǧͷֲĹðʱҪ´ˡ 
㿴һһҲħ֣пĳħ޹ءħ²ĵ 
ȴ㲻˵ûûӵĹ֪£ܾıҲ֪ʲô 
׷˵ĹͻһʧȥӰ汻С˵ˣǹ㲻˲ҲռŲ֮ȻܵúףϣҪ̫ܵԶȻٻһʱ佫صҿܲˣ 
˲佫ʥɢ˳ȥħҲðһеķʽ׷䡣 
ͷңֺ󣬱˲˳ȥ 
ͣ˲ƣͣȫ˳ʥڵһʱ䣬ұ˰ڿռڵÿһ䣬ȴûзǹټ 
صħʱħҲˣħı飬µԼĽһ 
ֲĵ⵽ô°ǹôƾʧأ 
ħҲ޷ԴĽͣǼһͻȻȥҲʧҲ̫˵㣬᲻ܵĿռȥˣ 
ҡͷǿҪȥĿռҲֻܴӿռͨڹȥÿռͨڶİȴû˼ֹ֤ǹûȥ 
มͻȻһͷ޴ιƽճħϷͷһĺС 
֮£ѷɿ̽˹ȥͷǰǹһϸоϢǸòǰͷİɣš 
ৡһ£Ǿǳħ˷˹ǵٶǰָղ෴ɴܵٶޱȣ˲ſθնѷɵ˶ǰ 
ҪֹǾȴſ˴죬δȴѳ˳ȥ 
ԭǾſ֮ʱ˱һɫҲоǿС 
䱻˸⧲ȴδˣַɻսһţοѧˣ󲿷ֵסԼ壬ֻСֵԸǡ 
ǵٶ죬ʽҲǷʤǰȴǲ̫࣬ǵӻ湻ʵģħƤһȥȴδ顣 
ǰֻһͬԣǱ*֮ʱԼ᲻ϼ 
оȥʵʰľ޽Ȼ󳯾ǵͷȥðһǷǰһ㣬ŷںϣһӱԡ 
˭ľ޽δǵͷϣǾͻȻǰ̣׵ʧˣȻʧʽ޵ǲˡ 
һպ󣬶ħҡͷȥˣӦѲⰵڿռˣ 
ħ𾪻δĵô£ͷǣҲˣ֪᲻ʨϻʲôģ 
Ŀ޷İħ֮оͷĳֺʧӦöħֲأȻͷﲻɺϵĶħ֮ðǰԶħֵĵطħԼ˶ʮҲû£ħָûȴʧˣǾҲΪһֱδħ̫ԶԲŻ˿ʧġ 
ЩѣиĶͨⰵħǷӡڶ಻֪⣬ôû⣬ΪͻȻ⣬֮ĹȺ˳ 
ѵǹ֮ѵǹħڵĳЩƽ⣬ԲĹܳ쳣ѵЩԼɵģԽԽ 
˺󣡡ħԼҲ˷ɳȥһΡ 
ħɵԣԵĿ 
ûħ𣬶˳ԼǿħΪĵһСƬռ䲼һ磬ϣܵסħðĹǰεĹʧĻֻҪֵĹռ֮ڣǱܿᱻħٴȥ 
磬ħҲ⣬Щĵĵ֪ǲã 
̾ԸðɣǿɲָֻǿҳЩֺʧĸԭУ 
ħͷⰵħȫɣȴȫҲڿռκԣҸоħϵֹһ֣ȴֶ֮δطƵҲ˵㣬һǿķӡ



ʮ аСͯ

   һж̫ˣҵĸӦУǰͷﶼӦŶԣȴĳǵǰƴõҾȻӦеЩĴڣ˼֮£ȻиӦֻĪгǿĹܶЩĴҳһĽͣҲҵİ취˵ ħЦ˵ĲЩǰ붼δ뵽Ҫ˵˵ˣֻƾ²⣬ײ³ǵأ 
˰ħֵϷ۲תɣԽԼħ˵ħȻһֱתţȴоת֮ʱҲڲͣķű仯ֱ仯ȴޱȣ⡣ôˣôͻȻֲأѵΪҴĹ֮ 
ħЩ֮⣬æ˵ͷǷħйػ˵ôͻȻħ֮Ϲϵء㳶ϹϵҲܹ㣬Ҫ֪֮ЧҾðٴʧȥΣգҲضȥռڽ֮ 
мĿħһۣڹ֮ȫ뵽˰ʯڣ޷ٽ֮ȡҪͻȻֵĸ⣬ֻɹԼⰵħ֡ 
Ҳ޷룬ǲţ᲻һͷͻȻ֣йħϷ֣⸽ʧĻЩͱضħйˣħҲ޷룬 
ҲЩΪͲ֪ӺЩδ֪Ķ˿οûУôȥ취ء 
ħﾲһվǰ֮ãʱ˵ҲֻһСѡ 
죬ħֵϷͻȻһëԲëֺһ˳ȥٶ֮죬еľԼȥ˲֮һ׷ 
ħ˲ƻŲƵëɴܳȥķ򣬶ǰ棬ԷëͻµĽܵ 
ëײĽ˻ȥ΢΢𶯣ëײܶƻħҲ˿ 
ȴë޷ֱͨ任ȥͣĻ򣬲ͣķ䣬ë򼫿ƶڽγһӵĺߡ 
ͻȻëֹͣ忪ʼͣı󣬴󵽳ڵĿռ䡣ëԾţ类強ۿѵıԵ 
ħ˿ͷƤ飬һſ۵Сëû뵽Ȼ˲˴壬һƳ˽󣬸ôԸأ 
䣡飬ɽǿܱ˳ȥγ˾޴ĺ졣 
Ҫȥޱȵëй֮ʱͻȻëҲǰͷʧȥټ 
͵˲ɨ˴Ƭռ󣬲Ŷ϶ëʧˣɫ湻ѿҪëǿһЩһֱͻƽ磬ٶҪڰڿռн׷ҲѣҪ˵֮ˡ 
ҪȥͻȻ˵ 
ħ׵˼󾪵Ҫ밵ħ֣ôпܽȥ˵ȥҪһȺô죿 
ֵĵҹܲôˣֵƵԽԽ죬Ǿţһ֪дĹܳʱﻹзӦҽȥҪЩҲֻ֪ǵ󣬲ҳԸǵİ취 
ħǷԵĵȥ̫Σˣ˵ҪȥͻȻܳͷĹһôܶԸˣ 
׼ĵҲ֪ǸǷĽħȥһһµġҽȥǰһȥһЩ֣иռĸһסħ֣ǿĹҲܳȥɡ 
ħɵĵȥҸռİ֣ǸйͻЩһæ𣿡 
ǲҲУԸҲֻǰڿռ£ҪǳȺĹ˳ʱǵĿռҲض꣬ǶסռͨҾͲܶסй 
ħҲûٷԣֵһ磬һ֮ҵ֣ϻģ 
ħ˵ͷһͬ硣粼ú˿ͣȥռ 
ڲָ֪˱ԣȻΪݺݵĸһѣ˵֮£֮࣬ҲԸ˵͵ʹͷжȥͬĿռҰ֣ 
ռϴɶɵϣǸὫĹ֮µһЦǶǳɾ֮ˣ뵽˹ﷺĺ󣬸ռ䶼һڣб֮˶ʾԸڿռæ 
ǰʱһ࣬첻ʮͿռڵϰǿǰ 
Щǰûƴһ˺Ȼ˶û˵ʲôħȴоڣæѾܸˣħʲô˵ 
ڰħֵϷǰǿ߽ɵִ󹥵ûʲôЧ֮ЧȴǷͬСɣĵĵȴĳ֡ 
ºһ죬һֻι״ĴͻȻ£ʵһ 
˲ķ㶣˹˫᲻ͣĴ䣬ε籬㳯Ϯȥ 
ºҲӲӲɣæ˲֮ŹĹȴŻ*塣 
˲Ƶٶȼ죬޷˵㿪ʼϮȥЩȫһ壬Ͳܵ˵κˣ֮ʱǿ˻ 
׼һᣬ廯һ΢⳯ŹĴڷ˹ȥ 
ոǱȸӲӲëë֮ϲһõĶռ䣬Լ˽ȥ 
㵽оԼʧٶȼЩҲȣŴļҶҲͣľεš 
֮ͻȻоȫһ޷ܵľʹԴҲѣ֮Уãָоֻ˲ѹȥƽоٶˣԼҲûʹĸо 
뵽òᱻħǸ˰ɣҪԼְ׷Ļˣֻٵ´λᡣ 
űǸССĶռ˳󿴵ľֽһ 
ֻĿ֮ȫЩι״Ĺܿ㷢֣ЩﶼƯ֮Уûа˿ӳѵЩģߣ 
ֵ뵽֪ǲڰħ棬ôôĹ࣬ΪʲôǶأѵҪħͷųȥǲŻظ֪ħջֽ״̬ 
ֻԼռ֮ڵĹڸЩ϶Լŵ뷨 
龰ֿʼɿ뵽ȻĹȫߣʲô²Żᱻųħ֮أ 
ҲȫֹƯţ᲻ᵱƯƵĳһ֮ʱᱻħ͵ȥأȻѾȥˣħνջأ 
кܶһʱ벻ףʱҲԸȥ̫࣬Ҫҵռĳڡ 
Ĺﶼ״̬Ҳ˵ĹﶼܵڴֻҪҵڵλãȻЩߵĹȫƵ㹻ԶĵطһʱҲйܳȥˡʱԼ취׽ЩҲ١ 
֪Ŀռж󣬶ռĳҲ֪Ӻȫתǿʥɨ⴦ռ䡣 
Ÿոտʼת󾪵ķ֣ԼʥȻȫʧЧҲ͸⡣ 
֮æó˲ܻ֮ãȻֻпˣ 
˲֮ͣıŷλϣҵռĳڣͻȻĿ֮һܶĶ 
ʹã˹ȥ 
һеֲֶĵĻ棬һĿа죬ȫ¶СڿʳһͷųĹޣһͷӴĹ壬ȻѱСʳһ롣 
Сĵ̧ţ¶һܵЦݣһЩճҺ壬СȥӵаͿɲ 
С̬ĸе̫ˣһȥСһٵĳ嶯ȻСȥֻʮ꣬ɼС˷еĳ̶Ǻεݡ 
ǶŵСվ̤Ųӳ˹СԹаЦݣСÿǰ綯һоԼصһ£Ҳ֪ΪĻΪ£ֻΪԭ 
СԶ֮ʱͻȻֺճСֶһС 
ķ֣С֣ԼڵƺӾ̰ƳԼ壬СӿȥԼҲ޷ƵĳСƮɹȥ 
аֳɣ˲֮˳ȥվ֮УδĿܣǸаС׷һˡ 
ڷɿЩ֮£ռΪλ˿ֲһССΪҪʳЩߵĹޣǸСΪλǿ˳̶ȣֻһ˲ѣڵʧʮ֮һҪٳٰᣬǻˣ 
ͻȻ뵽ҪСӰħ˳ȥǿǲ˵°ЩռС֮ʱͲκεЧãǸԵ˵ܻܿᱻС˲ɣѰ 
ҪֹڰԸԼʲô취ֹǸСܳȥأЩеĹ޻ð죬ҵռں󣬽ԶˣǸСǻܵİԼ޷սʤ㿴һһĳռȥԼҲֻĿ߳ȥѣôأһҪ뵽취ֹǸаСѼһš 
ԣͻȻ뵽ֻҪӵбǸСǿֹ 
һƬ޵Ŀռִ֮ȴأſռƯޣ˸ղſСʳ޵һĻ 
ȻѧСȥʳЩеĹޣȴ뵽Щڶ޷оǿЩȻ޷оȴʵڵġȻҲǴӷɵȥļֻǲĻȷ 
˲ƻ˷żСĵطԶȴСֿʼʳֻδĹޣָеһģͬʱҲĲ٣Сֻ֮ǰǲ춯ˡ 
˲ƵԶƮһֻ޴ĹԱߣȻһ˫˹ϣľʼչص 
оԼǿҲоԼľǹյǹή壬֪ЧֻЩ̫أԼȫоǵĴڶѡ 
ͷ޵ήţ󣬹κõʱ㱻գ޵廯ϰɢ˿ռ֮С 
δֹֽͣʮͷޱɷɻҺٴ˲Ƶ˼Сĵط 
СʱڿʳһͷޣǰͷѾˣҲ֪ôĶȥˡ 
ٴγ֣СаıжһЩŹ֮⣬ӵĸȤˡ 
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ʮһ ػص

   ʮԶ֮ʱ֮һ໥δоԼʧֻǸоԼĳǰȥ СڸտʼʱҲǰƶȵվĳ* 
ڲ֪*ȥʲôͻȻȫСջһƣȷԼǷЩΪԼԭ⣬ҲоĴڣһҲֻƴȫʲôʲôɣҲǲܸоˡ 
СϮа˫ĿͻȻһɣֻоһ£㳯˳ȥҺδϣȻɾеúˡ 
ںеͻСöСһУɵֵת˷򣬳Сȥ 
ȻСڵĹǺȴ˷ܵĺܣΪ֣Сڽȥʱֻ壬ԼĿ֮£ǰɵٶȱϴ࣬Ҫ⽻δо˿Сȥ 
ӦľЩ޵ã˷ܵšԼСֻ֮Զʱ˲֮˳ȥ 
θî˾ĴЩЩоҲ֪˶ֻ޺ȻоԼȴоԼԽԽǿһûиݵĸоӦòǴ 
ٴ˲ƵϴμСĵط˭СȴѾˣ֮æͣ˲֮ȥϣܿҵСҵռͨĳҲá 
ʮε˲ƺּǸСʱС˶һֻ޵ڣڴڵĿŹ޵塣 
ģĵСһ˳ԾͲɱ𣿡 
СӹϵĴ˳Ųӿ˿аĿԵøӹŹ֣ǺϷ벻ͨ顣 
СһǹСʵȴţĵļһﲻ֪᲻˵˻ 
СȻ̤Ųӳû˵ϵаȴԽԽŨ 
ûС*ȫһȭմ˳ȥСҲҵմ˫ֳǰ˼£ 
о屻صĴһ£óʮףȴСȻҲǳ˽ʮףȻаЦݣЦȴЩѿˡ 
ڴ󶨣ֻҪЧͺãԼľЩٶȣɱһһڵĽ޿ȻգҪ򱶲ֹʲôұȣ 
СͻȻֶ֣оһǿȴǿסȥ 
һȴֽһᣬ˳ǰ˹ȥ 
û˲ܣһֱ˳ƮɵСǰ֮ʱͻȻһץסǸСͬʱľȫת 
СаĿ֮пʼֿ־ɫ֮ĺûֹͣҲͣģСҲЩްľ֮ήСڱ˷ɻʧ˿ռ֮С 
Ÿոմ˿ͻȻΧЩеĹ޶Ƿ˸ͬĺ֮ 
䣡оԴһը졣 
о˲Ļԣ̼ѹǰĳڴһˣ 
ʱ֪ΪΣѻص˰ڿռ֮У鷳ǰħֿռڵޣҲͬһ˰ڿռ֮Уȫ 
һͷƤ飬ⳬҷɵĵȴоЩԭʱȻĳ׸оˣоԼֻص˽ħǰԼõλðʧ١ 
ʧȥЩǿԼʲôԸЩĹأѵʮռĽˣ 
磬æʲôͻȻħ 
ħֽһͷƬ󾪵ʵСʲôʱôˣ 
ħǲɵˣʲôʱˣһҪôЩһôҲ֪ͨһճʱɲûҸȥ 
֮£ҲæһͷĹޣֻǹӦƶ𣬾Ȼûʣ£һ֮ϲĴЦĹĻʲôвԣһ΢ǿİҲ֮ܽЩܳڿռˡ 
ʱžķ֣Լ֮ӦǰħֵλòŶԣʱȫħֵӰˣѵȫʧˣ 
뵽ԼɱǸС£ѵħֵĴڱΪ˹סǸСЩĹֻΪС׼ʳѣ 
ЩΪλСͻȻ˹أ 
СɱѣħͻȻʧȺܵ˰ڿռ֮ڣȴСЩԶŹΪʲôأЩ⻹ǲҪΪȻһڿҲһͷ 
ӰħĹ࣬ȴÿɰڸռֵϽ£һʱ䣬Щѱնɱڱ 
˽ΧҪ˵˵ڰħ飬һȥʮ֮ðҪ˵ʲôҲû˭Ҳš 
֣µĽԼڰħڷ鶼˵һ飬رǸСаͿɲ 
޲мӣ밵ħǰֻǿǿɶ֪ģ뵽ڰħǿ޵СЩСӵĿֲȻ˵ԼЩħڵȫʧˣҲ˵ģǲľͲ֪ˣԺΪиֹͬ 
˼˺󣬸ռǿ߸ֶȥԼĿռ䣬ȴһͬȥСѩͻˣħʱҪһЩƺ֮£ҲûͬС 
ڣǾĶǵ龭ССôҴ˻˰ϴ˰ҪСС裬һ͵˴ùƫƫֻһС˰ 
ЦСǲǿһţǲˬ 
СѩȴµĵɣôаµС𣿡 
Сѩĺ飬οǸСҲ֪ǲˣǲµģһͷεĹޣʳЩҲûʲôֵˡ 
һֵĽеСѩɩҲ֣ϴʱһ첻£زµӣ˭ÿ죬˭ɱö࣬ôϴһ˸һֻԹСèˣĪ 
ϴڻռڸ˶ʥˣҲ󣬴ͷŵ˸棬ȫҲǳ⣡ϴʲôʱʼЩﴴ氡ЩȤĻЩҪۿΰĴ̡ 
СѩֵЩҪħһУħ갵ڿռڵºǱ㿪ʼʱ£Сѩصȥתת˭ҪҪһȥ 
ɣҪȥۣҶǲõʲôģˣСѩ˷ܵĵʮˣļž㱬ãҲӦò˰ɣ 
ٺЦСӻϵȥ˼ȦξͲǻȥˣǱߵı仯ǵʱһһģ 
Ҳ˵ҶЩȤһкܶҪæأԼȥɣ͵Ĺ 
ڳҲôˣȻȥЩͷҪҪԼһȥȻ춼ԸȥԼСѩÿĵˣٺ١ 
ôֵܣҪҪȥ棿ֶЦʵ 
һȥСѩȾԼȥҲܣЦŶˣһҪȥףɩÿĵ㣡 
˵߾ߣԶĿԽһռֻܵ˵˼仰ҪȥйŹ֣ҪȥҲûľôˡ 
һССķڷ˳ȥշɳһ׹ֱԾĲϵ֮С 
Сѩδֱӻصϵתת˽һϵڵľƺ 
ʮ£ϵתδ̫ı䡣 
˿ſСѩΪԶϾˣ˼졣 
⼸죬˽⵽ǰѲڣڵϵϵŶֻһǿȨ 
ѡȡʥĹһ룬Լʥֵһһǿʥ󷨷Դ 
ʮԶǿִͬʥ󷨺֮ʣйڵĵλûκȡŰڣռϯλ᳤ıǹմ˶ʥ鼯ŵĹ⣬˵ڶǿȻԹй棬ȴԶԶ˺档 
ȫʹΪϸĿ˿ڵ޵һЩ˸Ӷ䣬ڷܵȴڷܡ 
ǿͳȻøǿгȴ޷Ȼģʲô£ܵʲôʱҲԶܴﵽ 
Сѩﶺ󣬱ĵļɴ̫ϵȥ 
ǵķɴǻ徫ƵĶɴλ֮󣬾ñ˷ֵɴĴںͶ 
̫ϵΪһֱѵ״̬תţʱĵ뿪ʼȣȴ˵߸ʽĴ仯 
ȻСѩԶʱѶڵĵһЩ˽⣬˵֮ʱȴٴθеΪ档 
ѳΪ߼ʤأټֹҵ̻ûҵûгУ 
򱻴дȻţһƬȻ֮УǵɢһĴСׯ԰ÿһׯ԰סĶ 
ݻܶ˵ѹʱǴʱ׷Ȼܡܣôٵ򣬿еݳ޺˷ѣȴʾǵ𾴺ͰΪǶǶ޴׵ˣϯѸֻ֮࣬ȴֻмļ˲ſܵߵİ𾴣סĶʲôˡ 
ױҵԼĸסĵط*һСԺԺӲ󣬽Ҳ࣬Ľȴȫɷľʹɣ븽ĴȻϢںϳһ塣 
ŷͣڰ֮У͸Ĺں߽ʯϴһӣԼں̲ϸιʳһȺС긾Ů 
ʮ겻ȴһ۱ϳԼת󣬽йۻĸĸ 
˺̲֮ϣСѩµ÷·Ʒ֮£˼˹ǻΪСëأ 
˽䱸ĿСѩֱһСǲ¶˼飡ʮ˰СѩģѴǵļеҺǲʱῴСѩµĻ񣬲Ȼϲˣ 
֡裬СѩˣĻβסڵʵǿλٸߣؾȴҲ޷ٱƽ֮ġ 
֣裬СѩˣСѩҲ֮ѹ˼ˮ 
·ļ򼤶ĵܻܵΣСҲǰ鶼ˣôĿѣΪˣߣȥӺȼ 
˷ܵĵãҲ֪ûŵζˣϰȸʹ죡 
ããȥ׼ƲˣҺʱԵʵʳ߲ˣȥƷӻѼò֪˵ʲôźˣֻжʾԼļˡ 
Сѩæȥ裬㣡 
ããƷ˺֣ҲĶ˵ˡ 
ϰһͻþƣ



ʮ ֮(ȫ)

   ·ĵǵȻһֱһأӦҲʮĳ˰ɣҪķ棬ƿͱɱȽӲĶˣ ӲҪã̫ˣȻðһ绰 
ζĶԼ˽һЩԼ֮£ȻЩȽյĶûƻڵա 
ĻҪǲ󰡣ʱһ֪ͨһҲȥ񻯣·˷ܵĵ 
ڿԺǵ⣬ռǿߣռͳߣȴ·Ķӡ 
ͻȻ˷½ 
·վ׼ȥȴһľζѣôкþҲҰ 
·¶Цݣſڽһ¶ӭڣ 
棬Ȼпڰѵã˽ݿСѩ־ĶԳ· 
·ЦʱʲôˣҶӺͶϱǽǳջҶϵģ 
˳·Ļ󾪵ǰСԶǴˣԭǽ˳ǣ 
Сӳǣ·ѵ 
ʱڵ˭֪·ӣһ죬һλȴǴ˵еʥ鼯ʥе𣡳·ӣȴֲǳǣ 
ҲڵˣԴ˵еĴﻹ˵óĺĸš 
֣λǣӱԼųΧʵ 
·ЦλϰΪ֮һε᳤Զ 
鳤˺ãɣÿԶ΢Ц 
Զҡڶ֮£ҲҲˣȻڳ·ȴ࣬ĻܲӾͻˡ 
Կ֮ųƶܵԶȴȫʧȥ츳ɵߴͲҳżǳƣҲȫûƷζѾԼںʲôڲ֪һͨԼԷʱܸоˣʵ͵λ²ѹοʱԵռΨһ 
鳤˲Ҫһؼҵ¸֪һ죬һؼҶҵĸĸҪţԴŵЦԶ 
ǣС˼סˣԶһθоڱǰԳСǶôıŤ֮ǰԼ⣬һʱҲҲõĳƺˣܲ˵Ѿ֪ˣ 
ûãԶȥˣֱʱҲû˵ҳ·£ȻҲȥһ˵ʮһεؾۣʲôҪ 
Сѩһֱס˰֮ãÿų·㡢ȾƣСѩֵøƷѧղˣûʱԶС棬˲УҲĺܿģȴ˺Ҳˡ 
ھҪȥˣ·Ʒ֪Ҫ£Ҳδ֮ʱ·һǺ󣬲ŸԼǲȥˣֻϣпʱ 
СѩŷøԾķʽֱӽ뵽֮С 
ڰڿռҵħ𣺡ôߵ¸㶨˰ɣ 
ħͷûʲôˣֻǰڿռĴİħʧ󣬲֪᲻ռӰ죡ֱʱȻûǰħֵãҿɲΪֻΪ˷ӡסǸСҪӡһСԽħַŵκһαҪŵڿռλأ 
Ц벻ͨǰɣ벻ͨͲҪȥˣҲһԴӵɻ󣬼ȻҲ𰸣ֺαƾȥأ 
ħ̾ˣˣǱߵʲôʱʼ 
͵ˣһȻԸ㶨͵ڿǻⲻȥģ 
ħԴ˲Ϊ⣬ЩмΪﴴȫ棬Ƕôΰ£Ϊһ峤뵽Ժ峤Ҳøˡ 
ħصԻҪе£пܻɺܴ𵴣Ȳý罫ҪֵȻɣǿɲҪ*̫ȻΣյģ 
æӦǣ˷ܵúܣǴҪĿΰʱˡ 
ԭʼռڣѡһͨĵطһԵħ׼ˣҽͨ򿪺ȫ֮ſ㲻֮ܽҲһ£ 
ãİɣͨͨʲôأħЩʵ 
Ϊһ͵ɣӵһ޿ռ䣬Ϊﴴǵ棬ͨ򿪺Ҫ޿ռȥһ˵ͨͨһγǿڶλһԭ㣬Ϊôװһ棬лĸ߼壬֮ͨһҪһЩ 
ħץץûͷͷƤ֪࣬쿪ʼɣ 
ٴζסͨɹ򿪺ұռȥһҪסȻֻˣ 
˵ȫڵǿ˵⣬ȻǰĿռγһ֮״״ɿת 
ԽתԽ죬⴦ռ֮ϿʼŤһ˿˿ĳŤĿռ̽ȥҵһʵ޿ռ֮ʱͻȻȫǰ˳ȥ 
䣡һ죬ǿĿռ𵴣ǰĿռгһںĴ󶴣⴦ռȥһ㣬ԼƳȥǿ峯Ǻڶڷ˽ȥ 
ʱڶ֮˶ԶۿΰĴ٣ֻͨħ뵽ͨڴ֮ڡ 
ħԼǿ֮ͨſɫͨ£ԽԽ󡭡 
֮ͨ״תӦͨһͷʩΪѾ˹Ч 
ͨڵԽתԽ죬ռڵԭʼʺʼͨӿȥӿٶҲԽԽ졣 
ͻȻͨڷ˻ȻǾ޴ǿޱȵʥıŸռڣڻеӡ 
̽еķǳ֮죬һʱɡοʼͨ½ȥ˫ƲͣĻӳǿ֮ͨһţ 
ڵ⴦ͨγһӴޱȵĳڶ⴦ڶĴСԶԭʼռһ˵ĺڶȣ˺ֹϣڶǿ޷ݣħǿˣվʱҲоǿ 
һĴȻֻҪͨԽ֮ɺڶˣ޿ռھۼڴﵽĳ̶ֳȺȻķӦγһ档 
Ҫǣ´һ棬ԸҪΪȥ죡 
˻һ⸽ռڵʺӿٶȱڶȥԼħ𴦡Ͱڹͨķʡˡ 
ħһֱĽڶͣڶޱȣټħ֮ʳ쵽һֱϰ֮á 
ռмص׼Ͷ˺ڶ֮Уڼδọ̈̄ 
ˣҽȥ˰ƴģħЩߣȴû˿Ľ˺ڶ֮ڡ 
ԭʼռ󣬷˾޴ı仯ǵ޶ȵţͬʱǵܶȴҲ޵ǿš 
һȫΥɵ䣬ַǳγһ̥ 
ںڶǱߵ޿ռУγһϵôľܶ͡Ȼʺڶȵĸ߻½֯һ𣬸ԴԴϵʺͨڿ뵽޴Ļ֮ϣ 
⣬ʲôħҲ޴Ļסˡ 
ĵһ㣬֮ԴԺԿһγɣ 
มеϸС飬ڰ޵С治ȻЩСԶԴͲ֪жٿԳԭʼը 
֮ԴûǵãҲʵʱ޴ıըǾޱ֮ʱһγɵ㣡ȴûҪλʱ䣬Ҫǵ֮Դǰħ 
Ҫô˵ɣħʱ̫˷ˣҲֻġ 
ҪԼԴĴۻ㹻ȻοҪƴҪľǱңȫסҺԼδ󱬵ǷͬСɣ 
ãû⣬֤ˣħظ 
ʼ˵űѽȫóǴڼȥ 
ϵôͨǿ˱˵Լ͸ĴۼǽԼһҲѣ͵Ҳֻ͵˲õ 
͸ȫٿĴȥǳСģΪһ㲻ñǰ󱬣ԼڻĺĴ󱬣ǱֱӰ󱬵ģԼγɺתƽ⡣ 
ؼʱڵˣоԼ屻ħİȵĴ˿ 
䡭䡭䡭䡭䡭һռ䶼ڲľ޴ը֮ 
ĸܶȻǳ˷˹δЩǴ˵ϣǵѳ󷽷˳ȥǱǿɵģȻħóȫסԼԾǰǿľޱ±˳ȥ 
סεħ𣬶֮ɫĿſռе澰 
֮Դ󱬺֮ϸСǣЩСǵ㱻ǿıը˷˳ȥٶѿﵽ֮١ 
Сڸٷ֮ʱȴڲϵĲѱ䣬ķɿǴ󡭡 
γ𣿡ûдħʵ 
ҡҡͷȻǣֻǰΪһԭʼĵѣӴ˵γһġת滹Ҫʮʱ䣡 
ָЩ䵽ԶСǵ㿴ЩϱС㣬ǻһϵеıըӶڳͬʱγһСйǵٴαըὫ̫ʷ뿪һЩΪϡ٣ʻۼһ飬γл򣬶ȴγ壬ͺǣ໥ײͱըЩγСϵϵϵţи򣡡 
δ󱬺Щȫˣȴÿտյô죿ħ𲻽ʵ 
ЦûԲʵĿռͨ𣿴󱬹ЩʲᣬֱɢƬռ֮вӳǴʻᱻۼ⸽緢Զǿգ*ͨһƬǿնʾ۶󣬻γһصĻʹʶ߶ܼԺΨһһۣǿյطһʱȻγһЩһ޿ռͨҲڸһγ· 
ħ㿴һ֮ãͨռͨص˻ռ֮УڶĴСһЩڲҪʺӦֻҪ֤²ã 
ڣ˾һףһ 
֮ʵ˶СѩŵԣռȥһСѩ˺һص˵򣬹 
Ļڷɧʲôʲô¶ӸңΪǧֹ 
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